davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (Guatemala)

El Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales - MARN - es la institución pública en Guatemala a la que le corresponde formular y ejecutar las políticas relativas a su ramo cumplir y hacer que se cumpla el régimen concerniente a la conservación sostenibilidad y mejoramiento del ambiente y los recursos naturales en el país y el derecho humano a un ambiente saludable y ecológicamente equilibrado debiendo prevenir la contaminación del ambiente disminuir el deterioro ambiental y la pérdida del patrimonio natural.
De acuerdo con el artículo 29 Bis del Dto. N.º 114-97 del Congreso de la República de Guatemala, Ley del Organismo Ejecutivo, se establecen las funciones del Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, las cuales son:
El Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales de la República de Guatemala se conforma por:
Despacho Superior Y Vicedespachos:
El Despacho Superior con los Viceministerio cuenta con sus Direcciones y Departamentos. En el Despacho Superior está conformado por:
En El ViceDespacho de Ambiente está conformado por
En El ViceDespacho Del Agua está conformado por:
En El ViceDespacho de Recursos Naturales y Cambio Climático está conformado por:
En El ViceDespacho Administrativo Financiero está conformado por
A partir del 1 de enero del año 2001 cuando comenzó la vigencia del ministerio, las personas que han ocupado el cargo de Ministro de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales han sido:​
acuerdo catalogados
Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Archivado el 13 de abril de 2010 en Wayback Machine.
Banco de Bogotá

El Banco de Bogotá es una entidad bancaria en Colombia. Fundado en el 15 de noviembre de 1870,​ es la primera de su tipo en el país. Hace parte del Grupo Aval, el holding financiero más grande del país y uno de los mayores grupos bancarios en Latinoamérica. Tiene su sede principal en Bogotá, Colombia.
En sus inicios y durante el siglo XX, el Banco de Bogotá logró extenderse por todo el territorio colombiano, a través de fusiones y adquisiciones. En 1987 entra a formar parte de la Organización Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo, consolidando su desarrollo y proyección dentro del sistema financiero colombiano.
En 1992, adquiere el Banco del Comercio y en 2006 realiza la compra de Megabanco. En 2010, impulsa su estrategia de internacionalización con la compra de BAC Credomatic, en Centroamérica, el grupo financiero más grande de América Central. Tres años más tarde realiza la compra de BBVA Panamá y el Reformador en Guatemala y en 2020 crece su presencia en Panamá con la adquisición de Multibank Financial Group (MFG).
En la actualidad, el Banco de Bogotá opera en 11 países, atiende alrededor de 23.9 millones de clientes bancarios y cuenta con 41 757 colaboradores. Se ubica en la posición 22 en el ranking de los 250 Mayores bancos de América Latina.​
El Banco de Bogotá cuenta con un portafolio de productos y servicios que le permite a los clientes elegir la opción que más les conviene. Además, es posible hacer la solicitud de algunos de estos productos por internet, con un proceso 100% digital y en pocos minutos.
Estos son algunos de los productos del banco:
Secretaría General de Movilidad Sostenible

La Secretaría General de Movilidad Sostenible (SGMS) de España es el órgano directivo del Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible, adscrito a la Secretaría de Estado de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible, responsable de las políticas transversales sobre movilidad sostenible.
Son funciones de la Secretaría General:​
La Secretaría General de Movilidad Sostenible se creó por Real Decreto 253/2024 de 12 de marzo,​ reemplazando al Comisionado Especial para el Transporte y la Movilidad Sostenible​ —creado en 2022 y que nunca llegó a tener un titular— con el objeto de agrupar «todas aquellas funciones transversales y de naturaleza intermodal vinculadas al impulso de la movilidad sostenible, como las relativas a innovación, planificación o fondos europeos».​
Para esta tarea, asumió funciones tanto del Comisionado Especial como de la Subdirección General de Planificación, Red Transeuropea y Logística de la Secretaría de Estado y de la División de Estudios y Tecnología del Transporte de la extinta Secretaría General de Transportes, así como se le adscribió la recién creada Dirección General de Estrategias de Movilidad.​Su primer titular fue Álvaro Fernández Heredia, que dimitió en enero de 2025 tras ser nombrado presidente de Renfe. Le sustituyó Sara Hernández del Olmo.​
De la Secretaría General depende:​
Directamente dependiente del titular de la Secretaría General existe un Gabinete Técnico como órgano de coordinación, apoyo y asistencia inmediata al titular, con nivel orgánico de subdirección general.
Dirección General de Políticas de Desarrollo Sostenible

La Dirección General de Políticas de Desarrollo Sostenible (DGPOLDES) de España es el órgano directivo del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, adscrito a la Secretaría de Estado de Cooperación Internacional, encargado de asistir a la Secretaría de Estado en la planificación, dirección, ejecución y seguimiento de la política de cooperación para el desarrollo sostenible.​
Como órgano sucesor de la Secretaría General de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo, al director general le corresponde la vicepresidencia de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo.
Los orígenes de la dirección general se remontan a 2004 con la existencia de la subdirección general de Planificación y Evaluación de Políticas de Desarrollo que asumía estas competencias, sin embargo como dirección general no aparecerá hasta 2005 cuando este órgano se eleva de categoría bajo la denominación de Dirección General de Planificación y Evaluación de Políticas para el Desarrollo.
Sin embargo, a finales de 2011 el cambio de gobierno suprime la dirección general transfiriendo sus competencias a un órgano de rango superior llamado Secretaría General de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo.​
La DGPOLDES nace en el verano de 2017. El ministro de Asuntos Exteriores, Alfonso Dastis, promueve una reforma del Ministerio mediante la cual se suprimía la Secretaría General de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo y sus funciones pasaban a un órgano de menor categoría, la actual Dirección General de Políticas de Desarrollo Sostenible.​ Este nuevo órgano se configuró mediante dos subdirecciones generales —de Planificación, Coherencia de Políticas y Evaluación (desde 2018 «de Planificación y de Coherencia de Políticas») y de Políticas de Desarrollo Multilateral y Europeas—, así como una División de Evaluación de Políticas para el Desarrollo y Gestión del Conocimiento.​
Siete años después, en noviembre de 2024, los órganos directivos de la Dirección General se renombrarón como Subdirección General de Planificación, Seguimiento y Coherencia de Políticas y Subdirección General de Políticas de Desarrollo Multilaterales y Europeas, respectivamente, al tiempo que la mencionada División se transformó en la Oficina de Evaluación de la Cooperación Española (OECE), pasando a depender directamente de la Secretaría de Estado, por mandato de la ey 1/2023, de 20 de febrero, de Cooperación para el Desarrollo Sostenible y la Solidaridad Global.​
Salvo las competencias ya mencionadas, el resto de sus funciones las ejerce a través de su estructura orgánica:​
Las dos subdirecciones generales, en el ámbito de sus competencias, asumen la negociación y tramitación interna de los acuerdos internacionales, bilaterales y multilaterales, relacionados con los ámbitos de su responsabilidad.
Desde su creación en 2005, sus titulares han recibido la denominación de directores generales de Planificación y Evaluación de Políticas para el Desarrollo y la actual, directores generales de Políticas de Desarrollo Sostenible.
Marco Pacella

Marco Pacella es un personaje ficticio de la serie de televisión The 4400 (Los 4400 en España) de la cadena estadounidense USA Network, interpretado por Richard Kahan.
Marco es un empleado de la sala de teorías del NTAC, y fue él quién propuso que cada 4400 ha causado un "efecto onda".
Su relación con los agentes Tom Baldwin y Diana Skouris de NTAC fue tensa inicialmente; Tom tenía poca paciencia para la metodología de la sala de teorías, pero Diana le pediría a Tom que fuera más amistoso. Cuando Tom fue a rescatar a su hijo Kyle, Diana le pidió ayuda a Marco. Esa fue la primera vez que Marco hizo alusión a sus sentimientos por Diana, al decirla que no les ayudaba por Tom.
Marco continúa ayudando a los agentes del NTAC en la sala de teorías. Su amistad con Diana crece. Cuando el gobierno quiso analizar el diario donde Maia, la hija de Diana, escribía sus visiones, Marco ayudó a Diana falsificando el diario para que no tuviera que dar el verdadero al gobierno. En este diario, Maia había predicho la muerte de Marco.
Marco y Diana finalmente comienzan una relación en el último capítulo de la segunda temporada, "Los jefes de mamá".
Tras ser infectado por el virus de promicina que originaba el poder de Danny Farrell, en el último capítulo de la cuarta temporada, Marco puede teletransportarse a cualquier lugar en el que esté pensando. Marco está mirando en el NTAC una foto de Ciudad Promesa y de repente aparece allí.
La Estrella de Arica

La Estrella de Arica es un periódico chileno, de carácter local, editado en la ciudad de Arica, actual capital de la Región de Arica y Parinacota. En la actualidad es uno de los periódicos más leídos en la región, luego de que se creara la Región de Arica y Parinacota, separándose de la Región de Tarapacá.
El periódico ariqueño está afiliado a la cadena de Diarios Regionales (perteneciente a El Mercurio), y además es miembro de la Asociación Nacional de la Prensa.
El periódico fue fundado el 8 de febrero de 1976 en la ciudad de Arica, y desde ese día ha informado ininterrumpidamente a la población de aquella ciudad. Su primer director fue Gabriel Cantón Santelices y en la primera foto de portada aparecía la Catedral de San Marcos y el Morro de Arica.​
El 7 de febrero de 2011, en el marco de las celebraciones por el trigésimoquinto aniversario del periódico, el periodista Eduardo Campos Correa asumió la dirección de La Estrella de Arica, reemplazando a Roberto Gaete Parraguez.​
Al igual que los demás diarios de la Empresa Periodística El Norte, La Estrella de Arica publica el suplemento "El país y el mundo" que contiene noticias de Chile y el extranjero.
Dentro de los suplementos que editaba La Estrella de Arica se cuenta la revista femenina Genoveva, que circulaba los días sábado junto al periódico y que fue descontinuado a fines de los años 2000.
Al igual que todos los periódicos pertenecientes a El Mercurio, La Estrella de Arica mantiene un estilo formal, aunque ligeramente menos conservador que su matriz.
Horst Paulmann

Horst Paulmann Kemna (22 March 1935 – 11 March 2025) was a German-Chilean billionaire businessman. He was the founder and chairman of Cencosud, the largest retail chain in Chile and the third largest in Latin America.
According to Forbes, as of July 2022, his net worth was estimated at US$2.3 billion.
Paulmann was the son of the SS-Obersturmbannführer Werner Paulmann [de] and Hilde Kemna. To escape the Nuremberg trials, in 1946 Horst Paulmann and his family, consisting of his parents and seven siblings, emigrated from Germany after the end of World War II. They crossed the Alps towards Italy, continued on to Argentina in 1948, and finally to Chile in 1950.
At the age of 13, Paulmann worked as a telephone operator in Buenos Aires and later worked making wooden toys. His family settled in the city of Temuco in the south of Chile, and his father got a position as a franchisee at Club Alemán and at Club de La Unión. In 1952, Paulmann's family bought a local restaurant called Las Brisas and they soon transformed it into a supermarket. Since then and after the death of his father, Horst and his brother Jürgen Paulmann built a series of supermarket chains, beginning with the first hypermarket, located on Av. Kennedy. It measured 4,000 square meters and would become the foundation of the holding company Cencosud.
Paulmann had three children with Helga Koepfer: Manfred, Peter, and Heike. In 2018, he welcomed a son, Hans Dieter Paulmann Bischof, with his partner Katherine Bischof Sepúlveda. Paulmann died in Germany on 11 March 2025, at the age of 89.
Cencosud was founded by Horst Paulmann on 10 November 1978 when he assumed the role of CEO and chairman. Cencosud employs more than 150,000 people in Chile, Argentina, Colombia, Brazil and Peru, where it operates its supermarket chains (such as Jumbo, Santa Isabel, Disco, Vea, Gbarbosa, Prezunic, Bretas, Perini, Wong and Metro [es]); department stores (such as París and Johnson's); home improvement stores (such as Easy and Blaisten); commercial centers and credit stores (with over 4.3 million credit cards issued).
One of his projects is the complex Costanera Center, which includes the tallest tower in South America, measuring 300 meters, a six-story mall, a hotel, and office towers.
In 2004, Cencosud began trading its shares on the Santiago Stock Exchange, and on the NYSE starting in 2011. The Paulmann family is the main shareholder of Cencosud. Manfred, Peter and Heike Paulmann Koepfer have represented Cencosud in its directory and are part of the agreement of the board of directors, which was formed for the succession of the president in the conduct of the company.
Paulmann was the president of the Argentina–Chile Permanent Binational Business Board and a member of Argentine Business Association. He was also director of the Chilean–German Chamber of Commerce and the Chilean Chamber of Commerce.
Tops Supermarket

Tops is a grocery chain in Thailand. Co-founded by the then-parent of U.S.-based Tops Markets LLC, the chain is operated under the name Tops Supermarket in Thailand by Central Food Retail, a subsidiary of Central Retail Corporation. In addition to Tops Supermarket, some branches are called Tops Superstore, Tops Market, Tops Market Food & Wine, Tops Daily and Central Food Hall. It is the largest supermarket chain in Thailand and operates 235 stores nationwide.
The company was established as CRC Ahold Co., Ltd. in 1996 by integration of Robinson Department Store and Central Group supermarket business and formed a joint venture with Royal Ahold Co., Ltd., a Netherlands-based supermarket operator, owning a 49 percent stake. The stores were renamed Tops Supermarket, which Ahold borrowed from its U.S. supermarket holding, Tops Markets, but did not reuse its red diamond logo. In December 1996 and 1998, Robinson sold all of its invested shares to Ahold. In 2004, Ahold sold its stake to Central as part of the Dutch company's withdrawal from Asia.
In 2004, Central converted 20 former Food Lion locations to Tops after their parent, Delhaize Group, closed its Thailand supermarket operations. In 2023, Central's franchise agreement with Japan's convenience store chain FamilyMart ended, and its roughly 200 FamilyMart stores in Thailand were to be converted to the Tops Daily brand.
PLUS (Dutch supermarket)

De Sperwer U.A., whose members trade as PLUS (Dutch pronunciation: [plʏs]) under licence from PLUS Holding B.V., is a Dutch co-operative supermarket chain headquartered in Utrecht. Its 259 members operate, as ‘independent entrepreneurs,’ 270 stores across the Netherlands. In 2019 the members had total revenues of €2.6 billion and an overall 6.5% share of the Dutch grocery market.
The PLUS formula was created in 1988 as Plusmarkt, replacing De Sperwer's previous 4 = 6 supermarket chain. In 2001, Plusmarkt was rebranded as PLUS. Online shopping, with the option of home delivery or in-store collection, was introduced at some branches in 2015.
In 2006, as part of a consortium takeover with Sligro, De Sperwer purchased eighty branches of Edah from Laurus and converted them all to PLUS. De Sperwer also unsuccessfully attempted to take over Super de Boer and Emté in 2009 and 2018 respectively.
On 6 September 2021 it was announced the supermarket chains Plus and Coop have reached an agreement on a merger. The stores will continue under the name Plus, the name Coop will disappear. The combined organization is expected to become operational early next year.
Stores operated under the PLUS brand are owned and operated by 259 ‘independent entrepreneurs’ who are all members of the De Sperwer co-operative. PLUS Holding B.V. licenses the PLUS formula to them and runs large-scale marketing campaigns on their behalf. The chain's market power is increased through membership of the Superunie purchasers’ co-operative. The PLUS organization has its headquarters in Utrecht. It also operates three national and three regional distribution centres.
In a 2013 survey by MarketResponse, PLUS was named ‘most customer-friendly company in the Netherlands.’ It was also ‘most customer-friendly supermarket’ in the same survey in 2018 and 2019.
PLUS has scored highest among Dutch supermarkets in annual surveys by GfK several times: in the meat category each year from 2017 to 2019; in the bread category in 2019; in the corporate social responsibility category each year from 2015 to 2019; and in the wine category each year from 2013 to 2018.
París (retail store)

París, formerly known as Almacenes París (Paris Department Stores), is a chain of department stores in Chile, owned by multinational Cencosud. It was a member of the International Association of Department Stores from 2000 to 2005.
The company operates dozens of stores across the country. París sells apparel for men, women, and children, household appliances, and furniture, and even has its own travel agency. The company is owned by conglomerate Cencosud.
Owns: Alaniz, Alaniz Home, Aussie, Attimo, Opposite, Tribu, Tri, Nex, Greenfield, Rainforest, among others.
Exclusives: Umbrale, Foster, Brooks Brothers, Lacoste Shoes, Nautica, Cheeky, Topshop, Paula Cahen D'Anvers, Legacy, Topper, Tommy Hilfiger shoes and more.
Brand Corners: Ellus, Lacoste, Maui and Sons, Esprit, edc by Esprit, Calvin Klein Underwear, and more.
The company was started in 1900 as Paris S.A. The company motto is es mi tienda - "It's my store".
París (called Empresas Almacenes París S.A. or Almacenes París C.S.A.) is a chain of department stores founded in Santiago, Chile. His headquarters was located in Avenida Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins 815, in the commune of Santiago. However, at present, share facilities with its parent Cencosud, is a building located at the side of the shopping mall Alto Las Condes, in Kennedy Avenue 9001, Floor 4, Las Condes, Santiago.
The department store was founded in 1900 by José María Couso as Mueblería París. In 1950 the department store changed its name to Almacenes París, following the expansion of its field sales.
In 1970, Almacenes París created the first department store credit card, the "Tarjeta París", a concept that was rapidly adopted by its main competitors, Ripley and S.A.C.I. Falabella. In 1990, as a result of the bankruptcy of the department store Muricy, Almacenes París acquired locales in Parque Arauco and Mall Plaza Vespucio in addition to their locale in Plaza Lyon in Providencia. It additionally acquired the buildings located in Coyancura with las Bellotas, to which the company headquarters was moved. The former Alameda headquarters building was baptized Torre París. In 1999, Paris took over American department store chain JCPenney, which entered Chile in 1994 with a store at Mall Alto Las Condes.
On June 30, 2020, Cencosud announced the end of operations in Paris in Peru, closing all its stores and moving workers to the Wong and Metro supermarkets. While in Chile, the Paris Express format is created, which absorbs Johnson stores.
Companhia Portuguesa de Hipermercados

Auchan Retail Portugal, S.A.', formerly known as Companhia Portuguesa de Hipermercados, S.A., doing businesses as Auchan, was born in 1970 with the opening of the first supermarket Pão de Açúcar in Lisbon, in 1973, the first hypermarket Jumbo was open in Cascais. Later in 1984, the company starts the concept of their own brand products and in 1985, a second hypermarket Jumbo was born in Amoreiras (which was later turned into a Pão de Açúcar). The first ever hypermarket with bar code reading opened in Alfragide in 1988, while in the 1990s, more hypermarkets opened in Maia, Castelo Branco, Setúbal, Alverca, Santo Tirso, Gaia, Famalicão and Aveiro respectively. Not only did they expand their stores country-wide, but in 1993 they also created the Pão de Açúcar Foundation which was destined to support employees, in 1994, they were the first to launch a credit card for the company's stores called Jumbo Mais, in 1996, the company created Rik et Rok Club or Rik & Rok in Portuguese and later that year, they were acquired by the Auchan Group.
In the 2000s and 2010s more hypermarkets Jumbo were open in Faro, Figueira da Foz, Almada, Gondomar, Vila Real, Coimbra, Viseu, Torres Vedras, Santarém, Matosinhos, Vila Nova de Gaia (Vila Nova de Gaia was acquired from the Sonae group because of Carrefour Portugal leaving the country), Amadora, Guimarães, Coina, Portimão and supermarkets Pão de Açúcar in Guarda, Faro, Caldas da Rainha, Eiras, Lagoa (Eiras and Lagoa were both acquired from the Sonae group because of Carrefour Portugal leaving the country), Olhão, Canidelo and Campera respectively.
In the 2000s, the company launched their brand products and Rik & Rok with Braille designations, they launched the humanitary project of Auchan Portugal, they launched the "Vida Auchan" (Auchan Life) line of products dedicated to a more sustainable agriculture, they created Immochan Portugal with the objective to manage all of the malls and commercial galleries owned by the company and through these years they received numerous awards such has environmental certifications and social responsibility commitments.
Herve Bihan

Herve Bihan (ganet d'ar 14 a viz Gouere 1956 e Landreger (Aodoù-an-Hanternoz d'an ampoent) a voe yezhoniour ha keltiegour hag a c'helennas brezhoneg hag iwerzhoneg e Skol-Veur Breizh-Uhel hag aet war e leve e 2021. Rener ar gelaouenn Hor Yezh eo. Skrivagner eo ivez, bet tapet gantañ Priz Langleiz e 2010 gant e zastumad danevelloù Traoù kouer, embannet gant Al Liamm.
Un arbennigour war ar c'hrennvrezhoneg eo ha diouzh en doe embannet meur a bennad war al lec'hanvadurezh vrezhonek, an hini skolveuriad war an dachenn-se. Studiet ha kelennet en doe an iwerzhoneg ivez.
Romesco

Romesco (Catalan pronunciation: [ruˈmɛsku]) is a tomato-based sauce that originated from Valls, province of Tarragona, in Catalonia, Spain. The fishermen in this area made this sauce to be eaten with fish. It is typically made from any mixture of roasted tomatoes and garlic, toasted almonds, pine nuts, and/or hazelnuts, olive or sunflower oil, and nyora peppers (capsicum annuum, a sun-dried, small, round variety of red bell pepper). Flour or ground stale bread may be used as a thickener or to provide texture. Other common ingredients include sherry vinegar, red wine vinegar, and onions. Leaves of fennel or mint may be added, particularly if served with fish or escargot. It is very often served with seafood, but can also be served with a wide variety of other foods, including poultry, some red meats like lamb, and vegetables.
According to food writer Melissa Clark, cookbook author Penelope Casas was considered the recognized authority on romesco recipes for English-speaking readers. When touring Catalonia, though, Clark discovered that there was no single correct recipe and encountered several variations. Clark described romesco as "a rich and piquant purée made from sweet dried Spanish peppers along with tomato, garlic, almonds, vinegar, and oil, pounded with breadcrumbs as a binder." Some variations were thick, others were thin, and one substituted crushed almond biscotti for the almonds and bread crumbs and incorporated hard-boiled eggs. Clark's version uses hazelnuts instead of almonds.
Romesco sauce is often confused with similar sauces, particularly salsa de calçots or salvitxada. During the springtime, salsa de calçots is served as an accompanying dip for calçots, a spring onion typical to Catalonia, during traditional springtime calçot barbecues called "calçotades." During calçotades, calçots are roasted over an open fire until their outer layer is charred. The charred layer is then removed, and the tender part of the onion may be dipped into the sauce.
Croque monsieur

A croque monsieur (French pronunciation: [kʁɔk məsjø]) is a hot sandwich made with ham and cheese. The word "croque" is French for "crunch".
There are references to the dish before the end of the 19th century. In 1891, La Revue Athlétique mentions them:
In the early 1900s, bistro owner Michel Lunarca [fr] popularized the name croque-monsieur by satirically using it after being accused of having human meat in his pork sandwiches.
A croque monsieur is traditionally made with baked or boiled ham and sliced cheese between slices of pain de mie, topped with grated cheese and lightly salted and peppered, and then baked in an oven or fried in a frying pan. The bread may optionally be browned by grilling after being dipped in beaten egg. Traditionally Gruyère is used, but sometimes Comté or Emmental cheese as well. Some brasseries also add béchamel sauce.
Croque monsieur may be baked or fried so that the cheese topping melts and forms a crust.
A croque monsieur served with a poached or lightly fried egg on top is known as a croque madame (or, in parts of Normandy, as a croque-à-cheval). According to the Petit Robert dictionary, the name dates to around 1960. The name croque-mademoiselle is associated with its lighter, vegetarian version: made of the same bread, but with ordinary melting cheese, accompanied with chives, cucumber and lettuce.
In the United Kingdom, a ham-and-cheese hot snack is called a toastie, and toastie makers are available to buy. In the United States, the Monte Cristo (a ham-and-cheese sandwich often dipped in egg and fried) is popular fare in diners.
Variants of the sandwich with substitutions or additional ingredients are given names modeled on the original croque-monsieur, for example:
French-Bread

Soft Circle French-Bread, also known simply as French-Bread, is a Japanese video game developer founded in 1995 as Watanabe Production (渡辺製作所, Watanabe Seisakujo), based in Taitō, Tokyo, Japan. Originally a doujin circle, French-Bread became well known for their work in fighting games, particularly the Melty Blood series. In recent years, they worked on other licensed-based fighting games, such as Dengeki Bunko Fighting Climax and the company's original game, Under Night In-Birth. Most of its developed video games are commonly released for Microsoft Windows, Sega arcade systems, and PlayStation consoles.
The studio was named after a friend of Nobuya Narita, with whom he often played video games after school. They initially developed desk accessories for Windows. Narita discovered dojin Windows action games and fighting games such as the Tokimeki Taisen (ときめき大戦) and Moon Lights 2 that were ported from the X68000 home computer. He subsequently decided to develop his own project for Windows. It was initially conceived as an original work, but creating unique character designs and graphics proved difficult. Narita was later introduced to the visual novel To Heart and decided to develop his game as a derivative work. Characters for his project were sourced from To Heart, while the system mechanics were based on Asuka 120%, a game that served as an influence for Narita and his team. The Queen of Heart '98 was released on 30 December 1998 to positive critical reception from dojin gamers. The Queen of Heart series sold about 100,000 copies, and Watanabe Seisakujo became one of the most popular dōjin game developers. This surfaced significant copyright concern. Some hobbyists also uploaded M.U.G.E.N characters with data extracted from the game. Watanabe Seisakujo and Leaf received many inquiries about permission, although they had no relation to uploaders. Narita didn't hope a derivative work disturbed its original work and developer. He decided to stop creating unlicensed games, and start fresh with French-Bread (フランスパン, Furansu Pan). The circle name came from the dōjin circle to which Narita belonged to before Watanabe Seisakujo.
Since Melty Blood, French-Bread heavily uses a sprite drawing software known as EDGE2 to create character sprites for their future games.
Narita is also a close friend of Hiiragiboshi Takumi, the author of the Absolute Duo light novel series. They met over 15 years ago while both were still amateurs making doujins. Narita and the game developer's sprite artist Seichi Yoshihara has helped in designing battle suits for said novel series.
The founder of freelance video game developer group Subtle Style and the creator of Akatsuki EN-Eins series, Subtle becomes reoccurring freelance sprite artist for later modern French-Bread games since Under Night In-Birth and exchange to allow French Bread to include the titular Akatsuki Blitzkampf protagonist guest appearing in French Bread's said first original game series.
Monte Cristo sandwich

A Monte Cristo sandwich is an egg-dipped (or batter-dipped) ham and cheese sandwich that is pan or deep fried. It is a variation of the French croque monsieur.
The first documented reference to a "Monte Cristo Sandwich" was in an American restaurant industry publication in 1923. From the 1930s to the 1960s, American cookbooks commonly had recipes for similar croque monsieur variants, under such names as "French sandwich", "toasted ham sandwich", and "French toasted cheese sandwich". Though it is commonly claimed that the Monte Cristo sandwich was developed in the 1960s in Southern California, mentions of the sandwich by name in earlier decades and similar recipes appearing in cookbooks cast doubt on this claim. Nevertheless, the sandwich developed a larger popularity in the region, and it rose in popularity nationally after the Blue Bayou Restaurant in Disneyland began to serve the sandwich. The sandwich is celebrated on Monte Cristo Day and is associated with the Bennigan's restaurant chain.
Depending on the regional variation, the sandwich can either be savory or a mixture of savory and sweet. In its most basic form, it is dipped in beaten egg and pan-fried, though it may also be deep-fried in beer or pancake batter. Regional variations may include sliced turkey or caramelized onions. Some variants are served grilled; in other variations, the Monte Cristo is served as an open sandwich, with only the bread egg-dipped and pan fried. In such cases, the fully assembled sandwich is then usually heated slightly under a grill or broiler. In sweeter variations, the Monte Cristo is often covered in powdered sugar and served with maple syrup or preserves.
Amber Stevens West

Amber Dawn Stevens West (born 1985 or 1986) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Ashleigh Howard in the ABC Family series Greek (2007–2011), Maxine in the NBC sitcom The Carmichael Show (2015–2017), and Claire Davis in the CBS comedy Happy Together (2018–2019). She has also appeared in films The Amazing Spider-Man (2012), 22 Jump Street (2014) and Jessabelle (2014). She played the lead role of Maya in the 2018 comedy film Love Jacked.
Stevens West was born Amber Dawn Stevens in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of former model Beverly Cunningham and radio announcer Shadoe Stevens. She has a younger sister named Chyna and an older paternal half-brother named Brad. Stevens is of mixed ethnicity, being born to a white father and African-American mother who is also part Comanche.
Stevens West is a graduate of Beverly Hills High School.
Early in her career, she appeared in television commercials for Old Navy, Verizon, Logitech and Neutrogena. She made her television acting debut in an episode of Complete Savages in 2005. In 2007, Stevens West began portraying Ashleigh Howard on the ABC Family comedy-drama television series Greek. In a review released soon after the premiere of the show, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette called the show "light-hearted fun" and "authentic" while The New York Times claimed that Greek "captures the spirit of the hedge-fund age like nothing else." The series concluded after four seasons on March 7, 2011. She has appeared in films The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006), Fired Up! (2009), The Amazing Spider-Man (2012), The Kitchen (2012) and Jessabelle (2014).
She has appeared in guest roles on How I Met Your Mother, Friends with Benefits, Baby Daddy, 90210, Ben and Kate and New Girl. In 2011, Stevens West played the role of Mimi Marquez in the musical Rent: Downtown L.A. She made a guest appearance as Joy Struthers on CBS' Criminal Minds, in the episode "Fate". In 2014, she appeared as Jonah Hill's character's love interest called Maya in the comedy film 22 Jump Street.
In 2015, Stevens West co-starred opposite Jerrod Carmichael as Maxine in the NBC comedy sitcom The Carmichael Show. In 2017, following that show's end, Stevens West was cast as a series regular on the FOX supernatural comedy series Ghosted. She portrayed a restaurant and bar designer Claire Davis opposite Damon Wayans Jr. on CBS' comedy television series Happy Together (2018–2019). The series followed a young couple whose lives are suddenly thrown into chaos when a pop star moves into their home.
In May, 2021, Stevens starred as one of the four leads in the first season of the ensemble comedy Run the World on Starz.
In November, 2022, Stevens was a contestant on the new daytime game show, Pictionary, eps. 01114
Stevens began dating actor Andrew J. West after they met while co-starring in Greek. They married on December 5, 2014, in Los Angeles. They have three daughters: Ava Laverne, Winona Marie and Bernadette Maxine.
Ethnic violence in Konso

The conflict in Konso is part of a series of ethnic-based violence in Ethiopia. UN OCHA reported that its Early warning department of SNNPR categorized Konso as a priority hot spot area. Repeated conflict and the issue of adverse weather exacerbated the existing humanitarian crisis in the Zone. Interpersonal ethnic violence are deepening into serious human rights violations and suffering, with the ethnic federalism system that drew formal administrative divisions with regional boundaries falling along ethnic lines.
This is the background for some southern ethnic habitation since the 1990s and the timeline of the Konso conflict.
Tigist Tufa

Tigist Tufa (born 26 January 1987) is an Ethiopian marathon runner.
She was the winner of the 2014 Shanghai Marathon, setting a new course record and a personal best time of 2:21:52. Her previous bests were 2:28:04 at the Los Angeles Marathon in 2013, followed by 2:24:32 at the 2014 Ottawa Marathon, where she also set a new course record.
She won the 2015 London Marathon in a time of 2:23:22, making her the first female Ethiopian to win the race in 14 years. The last Ethiopian to win the race was Derartu Tulu in 2001.
2023 Ethiopian state of emergency

A six-month state of emergency was declared on 4 August 2023 by the Ethiopian government in response to severe conflict and instabilities in Amhara Region after the Amhara militia Fano and the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) clashed in several locations in the region on 1 August. On 3 August, the Amhara Region government requested additional help to the federal troops. The fighting is the most serious security crisis since the Tigray War.
Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed stated on the declaration issue that "it was found necessary to declare a state of emergency as it had become difficult to control this outrageous activity based on the regular legal system." The state of emergency restrictions include a ban on public gatherings, warrantless arrests, as well as imposing of curfew. Internet access has been blocked and Ethiopian Airlines flights to Gondar and Lalibela have been cancelled until the ENDF military retook the towns after a week since the start of the clash. The state of emergency ends on 6 June 2024 after postponed in February 2024.
Following their control of Amhara towns, the Ethiopian parliament issued arbitrary arrest and searches for civilians without warrant on 13 August. The Ethiopian Federal Police arrested hundred people in Addis Ababa. The measure was criticized by the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission stating "there has been widespread arrest of civilians who are of ethnic Amhara origin." Many activists called out the arbitrary arrest, saying it was targeted to ethnic Amharas. Suspects were captivated in schools, police stations and temporary detention centers after moving to streets.
Francis Chua

Si Francis "Ang Biao" Chua ay isang Pilipino-Tsinong mangangalakal mula sa Baryo ng Tsina o Chinatown ng isang pook sa Binondo, Maynila at siya ang isang dating pangulo ng Kasunduan ng mga Pilipino Tsinong Silid ng Pangangalakal at Hanapbuhay ng Nalalakip o Federation of Filipino-Chinese Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Inc. (FFCCCII)
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Hardin ng Mehan

Ang Hardin ng Mehan ay isang parke na nasa Lungsod ng Maynila sa Pilipinas. Ito ay matatagpuan malapit sa munisipyo ng Maynila.
Itinatag ang Hardin ng Mehan noong 1858 ng mga awtoridad na kolonyal na Kastila bilang hardin na botanikal.
Ayon sa mga makasaysayang talaan, simula ng unang bahagi ng panahon ng Kastila hanggang sa kalagitnaan hanggang sa huling bahagi ng ika-18 siglo, ang Hardin ng Mehan ay lugar kung saan matatagpuan ang palengke ng mga Tsino at lugar na tirahan ng mga Tsino na tinawag na Parian. Ang Parian ay ang komunidad ng mga Tsino na matatagpuan sa labas ng Intramuros. Ito ay isang malaking pamayanan noong ika-17 siglo na binomba at sinira ng mga Espanyol noong nag-aklas ang mga Tsino. Noong 1858 ay tinawag ang lugar na ito bilang Jardin Boranico de Manila pagkatapos ilipat ang komunidad ng mga Tsino mula dito patungo sa Binondo.
Naging pangpublikong parke ang Jardin Botanica noong napagdesisyunan ng mga Amerikanong mananakop na ang hardin ay hindi na angkop bilang isang hardin na botanikal. Ito ay naging Hardin ng Mehan noong 1913 bilang sunod sa tagapamahala ng parke na si John C. Mehan.
Idineklara noong 1934 ng National Historical Institute (na naging Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas noong 2010) ang Hardin ng Mehan bilang isang makasaysayang lugar.
Noong dekada 1960 ay idineklara ng Pambansang Museo na isang lugar na arkeolohiko ang Hardin ng Mehan.
Nagpetisyon ang mga direktor ng Pambansang Museo, National Historical Institute at ng Pambansang Komisyon para sa Kultura at mga Sining noong 2001 kay Lito Atienza na noon ay alkalde ng Lungsod ng Maynila na ipatigil ang kanyang planong pagpapatayo ng isang kolehiyo sa Hardin ng Mehan.
Ipinaayos ni Isko Moreno na noon ay alkalde ng Lungsod ng Maynila ang Hardin ng Mehan at noong 2019 ay muli niya itong binuksan sa publiko.
Ginagawang lugar ng mga pangyayari ang Hardin ng Mehan tuwing mga araw ng pagdiriwang tulad ng Araw ng mga Puso (Inggles: Valentine's Day) at Pasko upang palakasin ang lokal na ekonomiya at magkaroon ng pagkakakitaan ang mga Pilipino.
Andres Cristobal Cruz

Si Andres Cristobal Cruz ay kilalang makata at kwentista. Ang kalipunan ng kanyang mga nasulat na tula na may pamagat na Estero Poems ay nalimbag noong taong 1961.
Noong 1964 ay lumabas naman ang katipunan ng mga kuwento na may pamagat na White Wall. Ang magaganda niyang mga tula ay Flower by the Estero, Evening Song, Dusk, Night on the Estero, at Dawn.
Isinilang siya sa Dagupan, Pangasina, ngunit lumaki siya sa Tundo, Maynila at nag-aral sa Rizal Elementary School at Torres High School, kung saan siya naging manunulat para sa pahayagan ng nasabing paaralan. Nagtapos siya sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas. Siya’y nagsulat para sa mga babasahing Manila Chronicle, Sunday Times, Saturday Mirror, Weekly Women’s Magazine, Counterpoint, Liwayway, at Isyu. Isinulat niya ang mga nobelang Ang Tundo Man May Langit Din at Uliliang Pangarap. Nagkamit siya ng Araw ng Maynila Award, Gawad Balagtas ng Unyong ng mga Manunulat sa Pilipinas, Republic Cultural Heritage Award, at TOYM Award. Siya ay pumanaw noong ikapito ng Enero 2007 sa edad na pitumput-apat dahil sa sakit sa puso.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
DWAV

Ang DWAV (89.1 FM), sumasahimpapawid bilang Adventist World Radio 89.1, ay isang himpilan ng radyo na pagmamay-ari ng Blockbuster Broadcasting System at pinamamahalaan ng Adventist Media. Ang estudyo nito ay matatagpuan sa North Philippines Union Conference Compound, #210 San Juan St., Pasay, at ang transmiter nito ay matatagpuan sa Palos Verdes Executive Village, Brgy. Sta. Cruz, Sumulong Highway, Antipolo.
Itinatag ang himpilang ito ng Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation noong 1975 bilang KB 89.1 sa ilalim ng call letters DWKB-FM. Hindi nagtagal at ito ang naging isa sa mga pinakikinggan na easy listening na himpilan ng bansang ito.
Noong 1989, naging 89 DMZ ang himpilang ito at nagpalit ito ng call letters sa DZMZ-FM. Kilala ang DMZ sa pagtugtog ng dance at remixes. Kabilang sa mga personalidad ng himpilang ito ay si Francis Magalona, na may sariling programa tuwing Sabado, "The Word-up Show". Tahanan din ito ng "Mobile Circuit" na umere tuwing Biyernes ng gabi.
Noong Mayo 2000, nagkaroon ng DMZ ang sarili nitong programa sa IBC tuwing Martes ng gabi, DMZTV, na kagaya ito sa MTV.
Kabilang ang himpilang ito sa mga ari-arian ng Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation na sinamsam ng Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG); at pinalano pa lamang ang pagpribado ng IBC noong kalagitnaan ng dekada 90. Kalaunan, noong Disyembre 2000, binili ng Vera Group sa pamamagitan ng Blockbuster Broadcasting System, Inc. ang himpilang ito sa isang pagtawad na ginanap ng PCGG.
Noong Marso 1, 2001, inilunsad ang Wave 89.1, kasabay ng media launch sa isang hotel sa Makati. Nagpalit ito ng call letters sa DWAV. Sa pamamahala ni Joe D'Mango (Rolando Sulit) ng Magic 89.9, meron itong urban adult contemporary na format, na nagpatugtog ng contemporary pop at rhythm and blues.
Noong 2007, pumalit si Gary Caoili sa puwesto ni Sulit. Makalipas ng isang taon, pagkatapos ng pagkawala ng Blazin' 105.9, naging urban contemporary ang format ng himpilang ito, na nagpatugtog ng hip hop at rhythm and blues.
Mula 2010 hanggang 2014, may sarili itong pagtanghal na binansagang Urban Music Awards.
Noong Abril 14, 2024, namaalam ang Wave sa ere.
Noong Marso 10, 2024, kinuha ng Adventist Media ng Seventh-day Adventist Church, na nagpapatakbo ng Adventist World Radio (AWR) at Hope Radio sa iba't ibang bahagi ng bansang ito, ang operasyon ng himpilang ito.
Noong April 15, bumalik sa ere ang himpilang ito bilang pagsusuri sa himpapawid. Opisyal ito inilunsad noong Abril 24 bilang Adventist World Radio.
Van Wesenbekestraat

Chinatown is located on Van Wesenbekestraat a street in Antwerp, Belgium. Historically supporting the Chinese community that settled in Antwerp post-World War II, today Chinatown is well known for its pan-Asian atmosphere. The district houses an abundance of restaurants offering a variety of Asian cuisines such as Chinese, Japanese, Indian, Pakistani, Thai and Nepali. Pan-Asian organisations and businesses supporting the Chinese, Nepali, Indonesian and Filipino communities for example are found throughout the district and the biggest Asian supermarket in the country (named Sun Wah which stocks items from China, Thailand, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Indonesia and India) is also found in Chinatown. A Buddhist temple and a school for mastering kungfu are other commodities also found in the district. Chinese presence is still dominant. However, traders from Thailand, Nepal and other Asian countries have also settled in the district resulting in some dubbing it as Asiatown to reflect the changing demographics. Both at the entrance and the end of the street, two Chinese lions guard the street. A paifang known as the "Pagodepoort" (Pagoda Gate) was erected at the southern entrance to the street in 2010 after four years of planning.
51°13′11″N 4°25′15″E﻿ / ﻿51.21972°N 4.42083°E﻿ / 51.21972; 4.42083
Carriedo station

Carriedo station is an elevated Light Rail Transit (LRT) station located on the LRT Line 1 (LRT-1) system along the district boundary of Santa Cruz and Quiapo in Manila.
Carriedo is the first station north of the Pasig River. It is the fifteenth station for trains headed to Fernando Poe Jr. and the eleventh station for trains headed to Dr. Santos. It is named after Carriedo Street, which crosses beneath it and is itself named after Spanish philanthropist Francisco Carriedo y Pedero.
It is one of the ten stations on the line to have its concourse area below the platform, the other nine being Dr. Santos, Ninoy Aquino Avenue, PITX, MIA Road, Redemptorist-Aseana, Baclaran, Central Terminal, Balintawak, and Fernando Poe Jr.
Carriedo station was opened on April 14, 1985, when LRT's passenger service was extended from its previous route between Arroceros (now Central Terminal) and Baclaran. It became the line's northern terminus, succeeding Arroceros, until Rizal Line was opened on May 12, 1985, to extend the line further north to Monumento.
Carriedo station is a three-level structure with two separate concourse areas, both on the second level: the south concourse, which connects to Isetann Carriedo and provides access via the south entrance on Carriedo Street, and the north concourse, which connects to Good Earth Plaza and provides access via the east and west entrances on Rizal Avenue. The ground (street) level houses entrances and retail shops, while carts and ATM are also found on the second level. The third level is dedicated to the side platforms.
It is also the only station on the entire line with a canopy roof with the others being fully-roofed. Like Balintawak, Central Terminal, Fernando Poe Jr., Doroteo Jose, and PITX stations, commuters do not have to go down to street level to cross from one platform to another. Unlike at Doroteo Jose, commuters do not pay another fare as well, as they transfer between platforms through the concourse.
Near the station are historic landmarks such as Santa Cruz Church, Quiapo Church, and the historic Escolta Street. It is also the most accessible stop to the oldest Chinatown in the world, Binondo. The station is directly connected to Good Earth Plaza and Isetann Carriedo shopping centers via walkway. It is located near various retailers including SM Quiapo and Plaza Fair, as well as institutions such as FEATI University and Universidad de Manila Henry Sy Sr. Campus.
Due to Carriedo station's location being near three districts, namely, Santa Cruz, Binondo, and Quiapo, the station is served by many forms of public transport. Buses serving the Taft Avenue and Rizal Avenue routes and nearby routes, jeepneys, taxis, tricycles, pedicabs, and kalesas stop at and around the station. Kalesas and tricycles are particularly used in Binondo, due to the district's narrow streets.
14°35′56.40″N 120°58′52.89″E﻿ / ﻿14.5990000°N 120.9813583°E﻿ / 14.5990000; 120.9813583