davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Flaite

Flaite (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈflajte]) is a Chilean Spanish slang term used to describe aggressive urban youth associated with vulgar habits and criminal behavior. The typical flaite stereotype portrays individuals from low socioeconomic backgrounds who may engage in delinquency, travel in groups, and exhibit a distinct dress style similar to chavs. They often enjoy music genres like cumbia and reggaeton.
Flaites typically wear sneakers such as Nike Dunks or other basketball and soccer shoes. They commonly sport short haircuts known as sopaipilla due to their resemblance to the fried pastry, often paired with jockey caps. They tend to accessorize with flashy items, referred to as bling-bling, and favor tightly worn jeans. Individuals from middle to upper socioeconomic backgrounds have adopted the flaite fashion style, wearing baggy jeans; this trend has led to speculation about the emergence of a subcultural group.
Pokemón

Pokemón was a youth subculture that emerged among Chile's young population in the mid-2000s and experienced a decline by late 2009, ultimately becoming extinct by 2012. Recognizable by their angular and pressed hairstyles reminiscent of characters from the Japanese franchise Pokémon, Pokemones were one of the largest and most well-known urban tribes in the country.
Although Pokemones shared certain similarities in dress with other urban tribes like otaku and emo, they differed in their interests and musical preferences. Pokemón was a fusion of otaku and flaite subcultures but did not actively follow anime like otaku or share the musical tastes of flaite. Alongside borrowing elements from emo, such as sideswept bangs, Pokemones also incorporated aspects of punk and the local "hardcore" subculture. Compared to the stereotypes of emo and otaku, Pokemones were more lively and extroverted. Most Pokemones were teenagers who enjoyed dancing to reggaeton music at parties and engaging in kissing and physical contact, referred to as poncear, with multiple individuals regardless of gender. They heavily utilized the Internet, particularly the image-sharing site Fotolog, for trading photos of themselves and communicated through MSN Messenger.
Typically hailing from Chile's middle and lower-class backgrounds, Pokemones were often juxtaposed with another group known as peloláis, which consisted of affluent girls with long, straight, and fair hair attending private Catholic schools.
In January 2008, messages advocating violence against Pokemones began circulating online, primarily due to their adoption of various elements from other subcultures, including emo hairstyles, hip-hop clothing, and the Crip Walk dance style. These incidents led to an increase in physical attacks against Pokemones outside of clubs and bars. In response, the Chilean government and student leaders from Santiago organized a joint anti-violence campaign called the "Foundation for a Better Future."
2010 ITF Men's Circuit

The 2010 ITF Men's Circuit consisted of 502 'Futures' tournaments played year round, around the world.
These tables present the number of singles (S) and doubles (D) titles won by each player, within all the tournaments of the 2010 ITF Futures series. The players are sorted by: 1) total number of titles; 2) a singles > doubles hierarchy; 3) alphabetical order (by family names for players).
Points are awarded as follows:
Youth and Children's Orchestras Foundation of Chile

The Youth and Children's Orchestras Foundation of Chile (FOJI) (Spanish: Fundación de Orquestas Juveniles e Infantiles de Chile) is a non-profit organisation dedicated to the musical development of children and young adults in Chile.
The first youth orchestra created in Chile and South America, date back to the 1960s with the one created in the city of La Serena, led by conductor and composer Jorge Peña Hen although this experience ended in 1973, will be and inspiration for the creation of FOJI.
FOJI begun in 2001 on the initiative of then first lady Luisa Durán de Lagos and 2006 National price of Music and Arts master Fernando Rosas Pfingsthorn, the Foundation forms a part of the Sociocultural Directorate of the Chilean Presidential office.
The Foundation's mission is "to elevate the social, cultural and educational development of Chile, offering opportunities so that children and young people from all over Chile improve their quality of life through being involved in orchestras". It offers 1,500 scholarships annually, favouring children from lower-income families.
A large number of orchestras throughout Chile are managed through the Foundation.
The National Youth Symphony Orchestra (OSNJ) (Spanish: Orquesta Sinfónica Nacional Juvenil) is the Foundation's longest-running orchestra, founded in 1994. As the national youth orchestra of Chile, the orchestra has undertaken tours of Europe and also performed in neighbouring country Peru, among numerous national performances. In 2019, the orchestra debuted at Young Euro Classic.
Foji claim that their programme reaches more than 12,000 teens and children every year, and their orchestras perform concerts that reach an audience of almost a million.
Blanca Santa Cruz Ossa

Blanca Santa Cruz y Ossa (c. 1886 – 1969) was a Chilean writer and editor of children's and young adult literature, with a special focus on intercultural literature, writing and compiling stories related to Chilean and international legends and myths.
The daughter of Senator Joaquín Santa Cruz Vargas [es] and Carmela Ossa y Ossa, she studied at the School of the Sacred Heart (English nuns) in Santiago.
Beginning in the 1930s, children's literature became prominent in Chile, and Blanca Santa Cruz y Ossa reached her most prolific stage of literary production during that decade. In this context, she established herself as one of the leaders of the genre. In 1929 she began creating compilations of myths and legends of Chile and diverse places around the world. She was linked to other authors of the time, such as Ernesto Montenegro with his 1930 work Cuentos de mi Tío Ventura, Damita Duende with Doce cuentos de príncipes y reyes and Doce cuentos de hadas (both in 1938), and Marta Brunet with Cuentos para Marisol (also published in 1938).
Some of her works were illustrated by Elena Poirier [es], such as Cuentos chilenos (1956), El duende del pantano y otros cuentos de Bretaña (1992), and La escuela de las hadas y otros cuentos (1992). Her sister was Elvira Santa Cruz Ossa, editor of El Peneca [es].
Canadian provincial and territorial photo cards

In Canada, provincial driver's licences are the primary form of government-issued photo ID. Most Canadian provinces produce photo ID cards for Canadians who do not drive. A common feature of these cards is that it cannot be held concurrently with a valid drivers licence.
Alberta provides its residents with an Alberta identification card. This card is produced by Service Alberta. The minimum age for this card to be issued is 12, but anyone under the age of 18 requires parental consent. Alberta does not produce an enhanced card for non-drivers.
British Columbia produces the B.C. identification card (BCID). The minimum age to apply for this card is 12 years of age, although people under the age of 19 require parental consent. Production of these cards is administered by the Insurance Corporation of British Columbia, the same office as BC driver's licences. There is a $35 fee for five years, unless a valid drivers licence is exchanged.
British Columbia produced an enhanced ID card to be used as proof of citizenship at land borders.
Manitoba produces both a Manitoba identification card and Manitoba enhanced identification card for non-drivers. These cards are issued by Manitoba Public Insurance, and there is a $20 fee for five years.
New Brunswick produces a photo ID card for non-drivers for a $48 fee, or $15 for a replacement. The card expires after four years.
Newfoundland and Labrador produces photo identification cards. The fee is $25 for five years. The province does not produce an enhanced ID card.
As of February 2017, all driver's licences and provincial identification cards conform to the enhanced security measures.
In July 2011, the Government of Ontario introduced the Ontario photo card for Ontarians who do not hold a valid Ontario driver's licence. The fee is $35 for five years. As of May 2012, more than 40,000 cards are in circulation. It is offered at 85 ServiceOntario locations. As of 2012, although the Ontario government has produced an enhanced driver's licence, there is no corresponding enhanced photo card as the EDL program is being phased out as of June 2019.
Prince Edward Island produces the voluntary ID for residents of PEI who do not drive. These cards are produced by Access PEI.
As of 2024, Quebec does not have a photo card for non-drivers. Residents may use their Quebec health insurance cards as ID, however, as they contain photos.
Saskatchewan produces a photo ID for non-drivers, issued through Saskatchewan Government Insurance (SGI). There is a $15 fee for the production of this card.
In 2012 NWT began issuing the Northwest Territories general identification card
In 2008 Nunavut began issuing general identification cards.
Yukon Territory introduced the Yukon general identification card in October 2010, while also upgrading the security features of Yukon driving licences. The fee is $25 for five years. Prior to these cards, non-drivers used a territorial liquor card.
Real photo postcard

A real photo postcard (RPPC) is a continuous-tone photographic image printed on postcard stock. The term recognizes a distinction between the real photo process and the lithographic or offset printing processes employed in the manufacture of most postcard images.
In 1903, Kodak introduced the No. 3A Folding Pocket Kodak. The camera, designed for postcard-size film, allowed the general public to take photographs and have them printed on postcard backs, usually in the same dimensions (3-1/2" x 5-1/2") as standard vintage postcards. Many other cameras were used, some of which used glass photographic plates that produced images that had to be cropped in order to fit the postcard format.
In 1907, Kodak introduced a service called "real photo postcards," which enabled customers to make a postcard from any picture they took.
While Kodak was the major promoter of photo postcard production, the company used the term "real photo" less frequently than photographers and others in the marketplace from 1903 to c. 1930.
Old House Journal states that "beginning in 1902 Kodak offered a preprinted card back that allowed postcards to be made directly from negatives." This technology allowed photographers to travel from town to town and document life in the places they visited. Old House Journal continues: "Local entrepreneurs hired them to record area events and the homes of prominent citizens. These postcards documented important buildings and sites, as well as parades, fires, and floods. Realtors used them to sell new housing by writing descriptions and prices on the back. Real photo postcards became expressions of pride in home and community, and were also sold as souvenirs in local drug stores and stationery shops."
On March 1, 1907, Federal legislation permitted senders, for the first time, to include a message on a portion of the back of a postcard. (Prior to that time, the address only was allowed on one side while the other side could present a photo or artwork.) The front side could then accommodate a full-size real photograph. The popularity of real photo postcards soared nationwide, and many people began collecting the cards in albums. No other single format has provided such a massive photo history of America, particularly of small-town and rural America where photography was often a luxury. Many real photo postcards were unique prints captured by amateur photographers, but others were mass-produced by companies such as the Eastern Illustrating and Publishing Company in Belfast, Maine. Real photo postcards were sometimes created and sold as mementoes at the scene of lynchings; (see also lynching postcard) they were also used to document such important events as the Mexican Revolution.
Real photo postcards may or may not have a white border, or a divided back, or other features of postcards, depending on the paper the photographer used.
25 Years On

25 Years On is the eighth studio album by the English rock band Hawkwind, released in 1978. The band released it under the name "Hawklords" for legal reasons, as there was a dispute over ownership of the name "Hawkwind" at the time. It reached No. 48 on the UK album charts. It was originally titled 25 Years On and the first 25000 were pressed as this until the band decided to simply call it Hawklords. Subsequent re-releases have reverted to the name 25 Years On and the band also now use this name on their website.
A new remix and surround mix of the album by Steven Wilson was released in 2023 by Atomhenge records as part of the Days Of The Underground boxed set.
Hawkwind had self-imploded on a US tour earlier in the year leaving only Robert Calvert, Dave Brock and Simon King to embark on this project. They were joined by Harvey Bainbridge who had played bass in Devon group Ark who in turn had performed with Calvert and Brock as the Sonic Assassins, and by keyboardist Steve Swindells who had been in Pilot. During the Devon recording session King returned home to London and was replaced by Martin Griffin (also from Ark), but King subsequently returned giving the band two drummers. Simon House had left the earlier band to join David Bowie but contributed violin to the sessions, as did noted British jazz trumpeter Henry Lowther. Road manager Les McClure also has a cameo.
The music is perhaps as far removed from space rock as the band would ever get, these tracks being tightly arranged pieces more in tune with New Wave of the time rather than the band's history. Lyrically this is Calvert's most diverse dealing with themes such as telepathy ("Psi Power"), skydiving ("Free Fall"), Australian drug misuse ("Flying Doctor"), heroic bravery ("The Only Ones") and espionage ("The Dead Dreams of the Cold War Kid"). There is a light-hearted playfulness to these tracks, with only the lyrics of "The Age of the Micro Man" hinting at the bleak cold futuristic factory workers concept that Calvert and Barney Bubbles put together for the stage show of the album. The programme was reproduced in the CD booklet of the Atomhenge re-release.
"Psi Power" and "25 Years" were released as singles but are slightly different versions than those that appeared on the album.
New acoustic versions of "Flying Doctor", "Psi Power" and "The Age of the Micro Man" were included on The Road to Utopia (2018), produced and arranged by Mike Batt with additional orchestrations.
On 31 March 2023, Atomhenge Records (via Cherry Red) issued a new Steven Wilson mix and surround mix of the album as part of Days Of The Underground (The Studio & Live Recordings 1977-1979) 8CD/2BR boxed set. This set also included the Hawklords live album and previously unissued video recordings of "PSI Power" and "25 Years".
Misro

Misro nyaéta kadaharan has ti Jawa Kulon. Misro mangrupa modifikasi tina comro anu eusina gula beureum. Misro dijieun tina parudan sampeu anu dibentuk lonjong sarta bagian jerona dieusian gula beureum nu saterusna digoréng, alatan éta pisan dingaranan Misro anu mangrupa singketan tina amis di jero (basa Sunda). Kadaharan ieu leuwih ngeunah lamun didahar mangsa masih kénéh haneut.
Dodongkal

Dodongkal nyaéta kadaharan has ti Jawa Kulon, nyaéta di sabudereun tatar Sunda. Dodongkal dijieun tina tipung béas dicampur gula beureum, naha rék gula kawung atawa gula kalapa. Ngasakanana nyaéta diseupan, mun geus terus dipotongan pasagi, dipurulukan ku kalapa meunang marud jeung wadahna ku daun cau. Kadaharan ieu leuwih ngeunah lamun didaharna isuk-isuk. Biasa kadaharan ieu disuguhkeun dina acara tahlilan, muludan, jeung sajabana.
Bajigur

Bajigur nyaéta kaleueutan has ti Jawa Kulon, nyaéta di sabudereun tatar Sunda. Bajigur dijieun tina parudan kalapa atawa disebut Cipati anu digulaan, naha rék gula kawung, gula kalapa atawa gula tiwu. Mun hayang haneut mah sok ditambahan jahé. Ngasakanana nyaéta taheur nepika gagolak/ngagolotrok, cirining éta Bajigur téh geus asak. Kaleueutan ieu leuwih ngeunah lamun ngadaharna dibaturan ku Katimus, Papais, Pancong, Gegetuk, jeung réa kadaharan lainna. Biasa kaleueutann ieu ngeunah diinumna dina usum hujan.
Common rosefinch

The common rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) or scarlet rosefinch is the most widespread and common rosefinch of Asia and Europe.
In a molecular phylogenetic study of the finch family published in 2012, Zuccon and colleagues found that the common rosefinch fell outside the core Carpodacus rosefinch clade and was a sister to the scarlet finch (at the time Haematospiza sipahi). They recommended that the common rosefinch should be moved to a new monotypic genus with the resurrected name of Erythrina. The British Ornithologists' Union accepted this proposal, but the International Ornithological Union chose instead to adopt a more inclusive Carpodacus that retained the common rosefinch in the rosefinch genus.
The genus name is from Ancient Greek karpos, "fruit" and dakno, "to bite", and the specific erythrinus is from Latin erythros, "red".
The common rosefinch is 13–15 cm (5.1–5.9 in) in length. It has a stout and conical bill. The mature male has brilliant rosy-carmine head, breast and rump; heavy bill; dark brown wings with two indistinct bars, and a white belly. Females and young males are dull-colored with yellowish-brown above, brighter on the rump and greyer on head; buff below.
Adults moult in their winter quarters, between September and November. After moulting the red of male is subdued, and becomes brighter during the winter due to wear of the feathers.
A rare form exists, in which the red colouring of males is replaced by yellow. The cause is environmental, rather than genetic, being affected by diet and the presence of parasites.
It has spread westward through Europe; in recent decades, it has been observed in Portugal, and has occurred in the British Isles as a rare visitor, with some breeding records in recent years. Common rosefinches breed from the Danube valley, Sweden, and Siberia to the Bering Sea; the Caucasus, northern Iran and Afghanistan, the western Himalayas, Tibet and China; to Japan between latitudes 25° and 68°. In winter they are found from southern Iran to south-east China, India, Burma, and Indochina. It occurs as a vagrant in Sri Lanka.
They are found in summer in thickets, woodland and forest edges near rivers and in winter in gardens and orchards, wetlands and locally in dry oak woods.
The nest is placed low in a bush. The eggs are dark blue with coarse dark brown spots, and a typical clutch contains five eggs.
Lumpia basah

Lumpia basah mangrupa salah sahiji kadaharan khas ti Indonésia nu asalna ti Tiongkok. Di taun 90-an jajanan lumpia basah ilahar di Semarang jeung Bandung. Sanajan dipiwanoh ti Semarang, Bandung ogé miboga lumpia nu teu éléh rasana. Lumpia basah téh nyaéta lumpia nu geus diropéa ti kuéh lumpiah nu biasana digoréng. Kiwari lumpia basah miboga rupa-rupa variasi. Béda ti lumpia nu biasana, lumpia basah biasana dijieun tina campuran togé, endog sarta samara séjénna. Lumpia basah téh bisaa kapanggih disisi jalan, biasana nu jualana maké gorobag surung.
Lumpia mangrupa salah sahiji jajanan nu asalna ti Tiongkok atawa China. Kadaharan ieu sumebar ka sababaraha nagara dibawa ku urang Tiongkok nu dagang ka nagara-nagara séjén. ku sabab éta rasa sarta bentukna béda-béda diunggal nagara.
Dina basa Tiongkok kadaharan ieu disebut lun pia atawa pokpia. Sadenngkeun di basa Korea disebut chungwon. Di Indonésia sorangan ilahar dipiwanoh lumpia.
Pikeun nyieun lumpia basah, aya sawatara bahan nu kudu disadiakeun, di antarana kayaning togé, endog, bawang bodas, pikeun bahan palengkepna nyaéta gula beureum, gula bodas, céngék, tipung aci, uyah, minyak kalapa. Mimitina goréngkeun endog dina katél tuluy campurkeun bawang bodas nu geus disiksikan lemes, tuluy abuskeun togé, sanggeus kitu tambahan cai saeutik. Siapkeun kulit lumpia nu geus dibalur ku olahan tipung aci nu diliiyurkeun jeung gula beureum. Lumpia basah siap dipidangkeun.
Perforated metal

Perforated metal, also known as perforated sheet, perforated plate, or perforated screen, is sheet metal that has been manually or mechanically stamped or punched using CNC technology or in some cases laser cutting to create different holes sizes, shapes and patterns. Materials used to manufacture perforated metal sheets include stainless steel, cold rolled steel, galvanized steel, brass, aluminum, tinplate, copper, Monel, Inconel, titanium, plastic, and more.
The process of perforating metal sheets has been practiced for over 150 years. In the late 19th century, metal screens were used as an efficient means of separating coal. The first perforators were laborers who would manually punch individual holes into the metal sheet. This proved to be an inefficient and inconsistent method which led to the development of new techniques, such as perforating the metal with a series of needles arranged in a way that would create the desired hole pattern.
Modern day perforation methods involve the use of technology and machines. Common equipment used for the perforation of metal include rotary pinned perforation rollers, die and punch presses, and laser perforations.
Perforated metal has been utilized across a variety of industries including, but not limited to:
The acoustic performance of perforated metal helps people or workers to limit health effects from noise. Studies have shown that perforated metals help reduce sound levels.
Studies have shown that having buildings use perforated metal sheets in front of their façade can bring in one study 29% energy savings (HVAC + Lighting estimated consumption in 1 year) and in the second one 45% energy savings (heating, ventilation, air conditioning). Depending on the location of the building (intensity of the external sun), solar irradiation can be decrease by 77.9%.
Makaa

Keemistirii keessatti makaan wantoonni akaakuu lamaa yookiin lamaa ol ta’an adeemsa fiizikaalaan walitti yoo makaman ti. Wantoonni adeemsa kanaan walitti makaman kunniin makicha keessatti amaloota fiizikaalaa adda addaa qabu.
Gosoota Makootaa
Ruuqoolee isaanii irratti hundaa’uun makootni makaa gos tokkeefi makaa gos addee jedhamuun bakka lamatti qoodamu.
A. Makaa gos tokkee
Makoonni gos tokkeen, makoota ruuqooleen keessa jiran maal akka fakkaataniifi maal fa’a akka ta’an ijaan yookiin maayikirooskooppiin ilaaluun beekuun hin dandaa’amneedha. Ruuqooleen makaa gos tokkee erga walitti makamanii walfudhatanii booda waan bifa tokko qabaataniif addaan baasanii beekuun hin danda’amu. Fakkeenyaaf: bulbula sukkaaraafi bishaanii, qilleensi, balbulli ashaboo nyaataafi bishaanii makoota gos tokkeedha
B. Makoota gos addee
Ruuqooleen makaa tokkoo maal akka fakkaataniifi maal fa’a akka ta’an ijaan yookiin maaykirooskooppiin ilaaluun beekuun yoo dandaa’ame makichi makaa gos addee jedhama.
Sheekkoo Qocaa fi Sinbirrootaa

Guyyaa tokko qocaan beela’ee osoo karaa deemuu sinbirroota waamicha dhaquuf qophaa’anitti dhufe. Innis sinbirrootaa eessa deemaa jirtu? jedheen. Isaanis bakka dhaquuf jedhan ittihiman. Qocaanis maal ta’aree yoo na fudhattanii deemtan jedheen. Rakkoo hinqabu. Koochoo tokko tokko siif kenninee nu waliin deemta jedhanii akkuma jedhan kennaniifii osoo balali’aa jiranii maqaan kee eenyu jedhanii gaafatan. Innis maqaan koo ‘hunduma keessanii’ jedhee deebisef.
Erga bakka waamichaa gahanii booda ani waanan dubbii beekuuf isiniifin dubbadha jedheenii tole jedhaniin. Innis erga dubbatee booda dhangaan kun eenyuuf qophaa’e? jedhee gaafate. Isaanis hunduma keessaniif jennaan qocaanis dhageessanii maqaan koos hunduma keessanii. Dhangaan kun kan qophaa’e hunduma keessaniif waan ta’eef dhangaan kun anaaf qophaa’e jedhee sinbirroota irraa ari’atee qofaasaa nyaate. Haata’u jedhanii sinbirroonni gara manasaanii galuuf koochoosaanii irraa buqqifatanii yeroo ka’an haadha manaasaatti akka ergaa himaniifiif akkas jedhee itti dhaammate, “Yemmuun balali’aa dhufu waan laafaa balbalarra kiyya dura naa hafi, yeroon achi gahun gadiitti of dhiisaa jedhe jedhaatii itti naaf himaa” jedhee itti himate. Isaanis ergaasaa jijjiiranii, “Waan qara qabu kan akka eeboofi aalbeefaa balbalatti gadi naaf baasii na eegi Isheenis qopheessitee eegdee irratti of gatte. Isaanis, “Cubbuun abbuma miiti” jedhanii mammaakan jedhama.
Mantagoo

Matangoon (ykn Intarneetiin ) cimdaa qunnamtii kan networkii kompiitaraa hedduu walqunnamsiisudha . Marsariitiiwwan hedduun net irratti argamu. Sana bira darbee karaaleen itti wal qunnaman hedduudha.
Intarneetiin xiqqaan jalqaba uumamu tajaajila USENET jedhamudha. Kunis bara 1973 ture . (1980) Yeroo jalqabu keessumaa yunivarsiiteewwanii fi kolleejjiif giddugala beekamaa ta’ee hafe. Barreeffamni kun sirna suuraa ykn waan biraa osoo hin taane kompiitara walqabate irratti maxxansuu hayyamu qofa ture. Teessoowwan iimeelii jalqabaa bara sana irraa kan ba’an turan. Har'as fayyadamtoonni hedduun waa'ee USENET jiraachuu illee hin beekan.
Weebsaayitiin jalqabaa bara 1983 uumame . (1990) jedhamuun beekama.
Akkaataa interneetiin itti hojjetu hubachuuf jalqaba kaadima (server) fi maamilaa (client) maal akka ta'an haa hubannu. Akkuma keessummeessituu mana nyaataa keessummoota hedduudhaaf nyaata dhiyeessu, sarvariin interneetii irratti argamu maamiltoota isaatiif wantoota adda addaa dhiyeessa. Fayyadamtoonni interneetii maamiltoota jedhamu.
Maamiltoonni wantoota adda addaa sarvarii irraa argachuu danda'u. fakkeenya; Yeroo fuula marsariitii kana ilaaltan, sarvarichi fuula weebsaayitii akka isiniif ergu gaafachuu dandeessu. Kanaafuu, sarvariin kun "web server" jedhama. Sarvariin biraas email argachuu danda'a. Kanaaf "garbicha ergamaa" jedhama.
Intarneetiin networkii sarvarootaa fi maamiltootaati. Fayyadamtoonni interneetii irra caalaan isaanii marsariitii (WWW ykn World Wide Web) fayyadamu. Haala kanaan weebsaayitiin faayidaa interneetii isa guddaadha. Yeroo baayyee interneetii fi marsariitiiwwan tokkoo fi tokko jedhamee dogoggorfama. Garuu toora; Kana jechuun Intarneetii. Kaayyoo biraatiif itti fayyadamuu ni danda’a. Fakkeenyaaf USENET armaan olitti ibsame faayidaa interneetii kan biraati.
Waan tokko sarvarii irraa gaafachuuf, jalqaba sarvaricha bilbiluu qabda. Tokkoon tokkoon sarvarii teessoo galmee addaa qaba (URL) qaba. Sarvarichi teessoo galmee kana fayyadamuun bakka kamirraayyuu waamamuu danda'a. Fakkeenyaaf, www.wikipedia.org teessoo galmee sarvarii Wiikiipiidiyaa ti. Yeroo tokko tokko waan tokko barbaannee teessoo sanadaa kam akka argannu beekuu dhiisuu dandeenya. Haala kana keessatti, motora barbaacha fayyadamna. Fakkeenyaaf teessoo sanadaa www.google.com Google irratti Barbaaduu dandeessu
Harargee Dhihaa

Hararghe Dhiha (West Hararge) godinaalee Oromiyaa kudha laman keessaa tokko yoo taatu, maqaan kunis maqaa durii kutaa biyyaa Harargee irraa dhufe.
Harargeen dhihaa kibbaan Laga Shabalee kan godina Baalee irraa gargar baasuun, kibba-dhihaan godina Arsiin, kaaba-dhihaan naannoo Affaar, kaabaan naannoo Sumaalee, bahaan godina Harargee Bahaatiin daangeffamtee argamti. Bakki dheerina guddae qabu godina kanaaa Gaara Muktaar. Magaalan guddittii godina kanaa magaalaaCiroo fi baddeessa dha , Baddeessaa,Hirna,Galamsoo, Machaaraa fi Mi'eessoo dha.
Abbaa Taayitaa Istaatistiksii Itoophiyaa (Central Statistical Authority) akka gabaasa Abbaa Taayitaa Bunaa fi Shayii Itoophiyaa irratti hundaa'e akka ibsetti bunni toonii 8,364.00 ta'u bara dhumaa 1997 E.C. (2005 G.C.) irratti akka Harargee dhihaati biqile ibseera. Kun immoo baasii Oromiyaa keessaa dhibbantaa 7.27% yoo ta'u, baasii biyya (Itoophiyaa) keessaa immoo dhibbantaa 3.7% ta'a.
Gabaasa Abbaa Taayitaa Istaatistiksii Itoophiyaa irraa bara 1997 E.C. (2005 G.C.) akka ibsutti, godinni kun tilmaamaan baay'ina ummataa 1,787,086, yoo qabaatu kan kessa 915,138 dhiraa yoo ta'an kan hafan yokan immo 871,948 immo dubraa dha. Bayyina ummata oliitii ibsame keessa dhibbantaan 9.6% yookaan namni 171,598 baadiyyaa ala jiraatu. Ballina lafa tilmaamaan 17,552.23 km ta'u keessatti "density" (rukkina) ummata Harargee dhihaa tilmaamaan 101.82 people per square kilometer ta'a.
Akka Baankii Addunyaa memorandamii Caamsaa 24, 2004 G.C. akka ibsutti, Parsentiin 9% jirattotta Harargee Dhihaa elektiriikii ni fayyadamu, akkasumas "density" karaa konkolaataa godina kanaa 23.6 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers yoo ta'u (kunis yoo kilometer 30 biyya wajjin yoo walitti madalaan) , akkasumas avregiin abba mana badiyya tokko hektara lafa 0.5 (kunis hektara lafa biyya 1.01 fi hektara lafa Oromia 1.14 wajjin yoo walitti madalamu, akkasumas avregiin abba mana baddiya tokko mataan horii mana hanga 0.6 qaba. Persentiin 16.4% ummatta, namotta qonaa malee jiratan yoo ta'an, kunis yoo kan biyya persenti 25% fi kan Oromiyaa 24% wajjin yoo walitti madalan. Ijoollee barachuu danda'an kessa persentiin 55% mana barumsa sadarka tokkoffati galma'ani argamu, akkasumas persentiin 8% mana barumsaa sadarkaa lammaffaatti galmaa'anii argamu. Dhibbantaan 92% godina kanaa busaa malariaf banaa kan jiran yoo ta'an, tokkoleen Tsetse flyiif banaa miti. Memorandamiin zonii kana risqii qilleensa gogga (drought) qabachun qabxii 372 kenaf.
Bulchaan ummata Oromiyaa guyya 25 Caamsa 2006 G.C. akka ifaa godhetti hojji bishaan dhugaatii ta'u baasuu 429 ta'u dhumachutti akka jiru fi hojii bira geggefamu jiran wajjin yoo walitti qaban, bishaan dhugaatii ta'u jiraattota hanga 72,300 ta'anif kan ba'u yoo ta'u, kunis persenti 37% hanga 47%f tajaajila bishaanii kenna.
Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "Abbaa Taayitaa Istaatistiksii Itoophiyaa (Central Statistical Authority)", but no corresponding <references group="Abbaa Taayitaa Istaatistiksii Itoophiyaa (Central Statistical Authority)"/> tag was found
Harargee Bahaa

Harargee Bahaa godina Oromiyaa kudha-lamaan keessaa tokko yoo taatu, maqaa kanas kutaa biyyaa Harargee durii irraa fudhatte.
Harargee Baha kibba-dhihaan Laga Shaballeen kan godina Baalee gargari basuni, dhihaan Harargee Dhihaa, kaabaan Dirre Dhawaan fi kaaba fi bahaan immoo Mootummaa Naannoo Sumaalee daangeffamtee argamti. Harari Regioniin zonii kana kessatti marfamte argamti. Magaalllan beekamoni Harargee bahaa Haromaayaa, Babille fi Funyan Bira. Bakki zoni sunitti dinqisisaa ta'e Harar Wildlife Sanctuary dha.
Abbaa Taayitaa Istaatistiksii Itoophiyaatin (Central Statistical Authority) akka gabaasa Abbaa Taayitaa Bunaa fi Shayii Itoophiyaa irratti hundaa'e akka ibsetti toniin buna 3,654.00 ta'u bara dhumaa 2005 GC irratti akka Harargee bahaatti biqile ibseera. Kuni immo gumaacha Oromiyaa keessa parsentii 3.17% yoo ta'u, gumaacha biyya (Itoophiyaa) keessa immo parsentii 1.6% ta'a. $ aanaalee godiin Hararge bahaa
Gabaasa Abbaa Taayitaa Istaatistiksii Itoophiyaa kan bara 2005 akka ibsutti, godinni kun tilmamaan baaayyina ummata 2,555,635, yoo qabaatu kan keessaa 1,298,104 dhiira yoo ta'an kan hafan 1,257,531 immo dubartoota dha. Baay'ina ummatta oliitii ibsame kessa parsentiin 6.9% yokan namni 175,440 badiyya alla jirrattu. Ballina lafa tilmamaan 24,900.21 square kilometers ta'u keessatti "density" (walitti-kufami) ummata Shawaa dhihaa tilmamaan 102.64 people per square kilometer ta'a.
Akka Baankii Addunyaa (World Bank) memorandumi bara Ebla 24, 2004 akka ibsutti, Parsentiin 3% jirattotta Shawaa dhihaa elektriki ni fayyadatamu, akkasumas "density" kara konkolatta zoni kana 39.6 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers yoo ta'u (kunis yoo kilometer 30 biyya wajjin yoo walitti madalaan) , akkasumas avregiin abba mana badiyya tokko hektara lafa 0.5 (kunis hektara lafa biyya 1.01 fi hektara lafa Oromia 1.14 wajjin yoo walitti madalamu), akkasumas avregiin abba mana baddiya tokko mataan horii mana hanga 0.6 qaba. Persentiin 13% ummatta, namotta qonaa malee jiratan yoo ta'an, kunis yoo kan biyya persenti 25% fi kan Oromia 24% wajjin yoo walitti madallan. Ijolle barachu danda'an kessa persentiin 53% mana barumsa sadarka tokkoffati galma'ani argamu, akkasumas persentiin 10% mana barumsa sadarka lammaffatti galam'ani argamu. Persentiin 44% zonii kana malariaf bana kan jiraan yoo ta'an, tokkoleen Tsetse flyiif bana miti. Memorandamiin zonii kana risqii qillensa gogga (drought) qabachun qabxii 367 kenaf.
Volkswagen Type 147 Kleinlieferwagen

The Volkswagen Type 147 (informally Fridolin) was a panel van produced by the German automaker Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles from 1964 until 1974. The van was mainly built for the purposes of the state-owned Deutsche Bundespost.
In February 1962 the German Postal Services commissioned Volkswagen to design them a postal van that would suit their needs. To lower costs, VW started off with the Karmann produced Beetle cabriolet (Type 15) as basis for the van due to its strength in build but later turned to the Karmann Ghia (Type 14) for basis as it was wider. The engine, the transmission and axles originated from the VW Beetle Type 1, the headlights from the VW 1500, and the tailgate (scaled-down) from the VW Transporter (Type 2).
It was agreed Franz Knobel & Sohn GmbH (later called Westfalia-Werke) would build the vehicles at the behest of VW. Several prototypes were designed until production started in 1964. Most cars were sold to the Deutsche Bundespost, but also to Swiss Post Offices (in an upgraded version with a more powerful 1.3 L engine, disc brakes and a block heater) and to the Lufthansa for apron use.
Its official name was Volkswagen Type 147 Kleinlieferwagen (small van) but due to its funny and badly proportioned shape it was affectionately called Fridolin. From 1964 to July 1974, 6139 were produced, approximately 200 are preserved.
Engine: flat 4, 1192 cc, 34 hp (25 kW)
Length: 3,970 mm (156.3 in)
Height: 1,950 mm (76.8 in)
Wheelbase: 2,400 mm (94.5 in)
Districts of Ethiopia

Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: Aanaa woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.
These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.
Districts are typically collected together into zones, which form a region; districts which are not part of a zone are designated Special Districts and function as autonomous entities. Districts are governed by a council whose members are directly elected to represent each kebele in the district. There are about 670 rural districts and about 100 urban districts.
Terminology varies, with some people considering the urban units to be woreda, while others consider only the rural units to be woreda, referring to the others as urban or city administrations.
Although some districts can be traced back to earliest times—for example, the Yem special woreda, the Gera and Gomma woreda which preserve the boundaries of kingdoms that were absorbed into Ethiopia, and the Mam Midrina Lalo Midir woreda of a historic province of Ethiopia (in this case, two of the districts of Menz)— many are of more recent creation. Beginning in 2002, more authority was passed to woreda by transferring staff and budgets from the regional governments.
In Ethiopia, the woredas comprise three main organs: a council, an executive and a judicial. The Woreda Council is the highest government organ of the district, which is made up of directly elected representatives from each kebele in the woredas. The representative of the people in each kebele is accountable to their electorate. The woreda chief administration is the district's executive organ that encompasses the district administrator, deputy administrator, and the head of the main sectoral executive offices found in the district, which are ultimately accountable to the district administrator and district council. The quasi-judicial tasks belong to the Security and Justice administration. In addition to woredas, city administrations are considered at the same level as the woredas. A city administration has a mayor whom members of the city council elected. As different regional constitutions govern woredas, the names of the bodies may differ.
"Special woredas" are a subgroup of woredas (districts) that are organized around the traditional homelands of an ethnic minority, and are outside the usual hierarchy of zones in their respective Region. These special woredas have many similarities to autonomous areas in other countries.
Dimorphotheca ecklonis

Dimorphotheca ecklonis, also known as Cape Marguerite, African daisy, Van Staden's River daisy, Sundays River daisy, white daisy bush, blue-and-white daisy bush, star of the veldt, Kaapse magriet, jakkalsbos, Vanstadensrivier madeliefie, or Sondagsrivier madeliefie is a perennial ornamental plant that is native to South Africa. It features white ray florets and a dark blue centre and is part of the Asteraceae family. The species is named after Christian Friedrich Ecklon, a Danish botanical collector who explored the flora of the Cape in the early 1800s. It is regarded as an invasive plant in parts of Australia, particularly Victoria and Western Australia.
Dimorphotheca ecklonis is an evergreen, perennial dwarf shrub that can grow up to 1 meter (3 ft 3 in) tall. The flowerheads measure up to 5 to 8 centimeters (2.0 to 3.1 in) in diameter. The leaves measure 13 to 25 by 2.5 to 10 centimeters (5.12 to 9.84 by 0.98 to 3.94 in) and are glandular fluffy, sessile, elliptical, slightly succulent, narrow obovate, and entire or serrated. The heads are on 15 to 20 centimeters (5.9 to 7.9 in) long stems and have a diameter of 5 to 8 centimeters (2.0 to 3.1 in). The bracts are 13 to 16 millimeters (0.51 to 0.63 in) long and glandular. The rays are white above and reddish blue below. The disc is dark blue or purple. The fruit surface is net-wrinkled.
The plant contains hydrocyanic acid, making it poisonous to livestock, such as cattle, and pets, such as rabbits and rodents.
The plant is a useful model organism for experiments because of traits such as the ability to grow quickly and all year round. It can also be used as a UV indicator because it is phototropic and sensitive to radiation.
When found naturally the plants can be seen growing at the base of cliffs or on steep hills. It is native to a small area in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, around Uitenhage and Humansdorp and is found on wet grass and in river beds at altitudes up to 300 meters (980 ft). It prefers subtropic biomes but has been introduced into the Azores, California, Mauritius, New South Wales, Queensland, Réunion, Spain, Tunisia, Victoria, and Western Australia. It has become popular in Europe in places such as Sicily, Italy.
Dimorphotheca ecklonis can be grown as a perennial but based on the temperature swings of the local climate it can be grown as an annual plant. The peak flowering period is in spring, although some flowers will last through summer. The plants grow fast and thrive best in full sun, in poor to moderately fertile, well-drained, sandy soil.
It is widely used as an ornamental plant in pots and beddings. In places, such as Australia, where it has become invasive the white coloured flowers grow as groundcover plants.
New plants can be cultivated from seeds or cuttings. The plants should be propagated by seed in spring at cooler temperatures (18°C). It is recommended that the seeds, which germinate easily, are planted 15 to 25 centimeters (5.9 to 9.8 in) from one another. For propagation via cuttings, softwood cuttings should be taken in late spring and semi-ripe cuttings should be taken in late summer.
Time in Ethiopia

The time zone in Ethiopia is East Africa Time (EAT) (UTC+03:00). The IANA time zone database identifier is Africa/Addis_Ababa.
Ethiopia does not observe daylight saving time.
Almost all Ethiopians use a modified 12-hour clock system. The daytime cycle begins at dawn 12:00 (6:00:00 AM EAT) and ends at dusk 11:59:59 (5:59:59 PM EAT). The nighttime cycle begins at dusk 12:00 (6:00:00 PM EAT) and ends at dawn at 11:59:59 (5:59:59 AM EAT). The convention is that the day begins at 1:00 o'clock in the morning according to the 12-hour cycle (7:00 AM EAT) rather than midnight (12:00 AM EAT). Therefore, the local population could be said to effectively observe UTC-03:00 rather than UTC+03:00 in terms of the numbering of hours and their association with 24-hour days, with the exception of the hour from 6:00 AM EAT to 6:59 AM EAT.
As of 2015, the modified 12-hour system remained common, despite pressure to follow international norms.
Ethiopian passport

The Ethiopian passport is a identity document issued to citizens of Ethiopia to facilitate international travel. Ethiopian passports are valid for worldwide travel and facilitate the access to consular services whilst abroad.
The document is a biometric machine-readable passport with a burgundy cover with the text "Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia" above the coat of arms, and the text "passport" below it in Amharic and English. The passport is valid for 5 years and contains 64 pages.
Nelson Mandela was clandestinely issued an Ethiopian passport in 1961. He used it to travel around the world until his arrest. He never obtained a South African passport from the Apartheid regime until February 19, 1990 – eight days after he was released from 27 years in jail.
As of 2024, Ethiopian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 47 countries and territories, ranking the Ethiopian passport 93rd globally according to the Henley passport index.
Национален фолклорен събор „Рожен“

Националният фолклорен събор „Рожен“ е събор на народното творчество, провеждан на поляните на прохода Рожен в Родопите.
Съборът представя „народната музика, обичаи, обредност, словесен фолклор, танци, облекла и носии – цялостната традиционна народна култура“, съчетано с „изложение на традиционния български поминък“.
Първите сведения за събори на Рожен датират още от 80-те години на XIX век. Предшественик на съвременния фестивал е местен събор, проведен за пръв път на 27 юли 1898 година, деня на свети Панталеймон, по инициатива на отец Ангел Инджов-Комитата (български духовник и революционер, деец на Вътрешната македоно-одринска революционна организация) като събор на жители и изселници от село Соколовци, останало под османска власт след Освобождението.
Въз основа на тази традиция през август 1961 г. се провежда родопски събор-надпяване в рамките на 3 дни, който е един от първите от създаваните по това време регионални събори на народното творчество. Негови организатори са Министерството на просветата и културата, Управлението за радиоинформация и телевизия и Смолянският окръжен народен съвет. В първия събор участват 500 изпълнители, той е посетен от 80 хиляди души и са направени звукозаписи на хиляда автентични народни песни от Средните Родопи. По време на събора за пръв път получават по-широка известност изпълнители като оркестъра „100 каба гайди“ на Апостол Кисьов, Георги Чилингиров, Валя Балканска, Бойка Присадова, Христина Лютова, Надежда Хвойнева.
Съборът се превръща в редовно събитие, като през 1972 година участниците са 3500, а публиката достига 150 хиляди души. През 1993 година съборът става национален, като започват да участват и изпълнители от други региони на страната. Най-масов е съборът през 2000 година, когато по инициатива на президента Петър Стоянов той е превърнат в „общобългарска среща“ посветена на българските емигранти. В него участват над 4 хиляди изпълнители, включително професионални певци и чуждестранни групи за българска народна музика.
След деветгодишно прекъсване традицията на събора се възобновява през 2015 г.
Божурово (област Разград)

Божурово е село в Североизточна България, област Разград, община Кубрат.
Според официалните данни на НАИМ към БАН в землището на селото са разкрити осем археологически обекта с национално значение – надгробните могили в местностите „Ченге корусу“, „Дюсчал“, „Йордекли“ и „Меамо орман“, а също така и Селищна могила в източния край на селото.
Местният футболен отбор се нарича „Реал“. Най-доброто постижение на отбора е 6-о място в А областна футболна група (Разград) през сезон 2014/2015.
Черни Вит (село)

Черни Вит е село в Северна България. То се намира в община Тетевен, област Ловеч.
Село Черни Вит се намира на 7 km от Тетевен. Разположено е във високопланински район.
Землището на село Черни Вит е населено още преди новата ера. На юг от селото се намира местността Чертиград (Чьортиград) {Чьорт – дявол или дяволски град}. В тази местност траките са изградили укрепление, което е било естествено защитено от три страни с непристъпни отвесни скали достигащи височина от 100 m, а от четвъртата страна са построили крепостна стена. Предполага се, че въпросните траки са се занимавали с добив на злато, сребро и мед, тъй като при изследвания на минни инженери в района на мина Елаците са открити първобитни съоръжения за добив на руда. Много интересен е фактът, че траките са намирали и изкопавали изключително точно жѝлата на самородното злато. В землището на Черни Вит могат и до днес да се видят малки гробници, особено в местностите Брашленица, Делиевци и Платуница. Всичките са ограбени, но и до днес иманяри с металотърсачи обикалят и разрушават остатъците от тях. Любопитно е, че гробниците са разположени на високи слънчеви места и с изглед към Чертиград. През билото на Стара планина над Черни Вит преминава стар римски път, чийто подреден преди векове калдъръм на места е запазен и до днес.
Численост и дял на етническите групи според преброяването на населението през 2011 г.:
Населението в селото е християнско. В селото има църква „Св. Богородица“.
В близост се намират паркът „Централен Балкан“ и резерватът „Боатин“.
В село Черни Вит се произвежда уникално зелено сирене. Това става само при домашни условия. Поради административни недомислици няма възможност то да достигне до хранителната разпространителска верига в страната.
Всяка година в края на май се разиграва жива картина на паметника на дядо Нейо – жител на село Черни Вит, укрил Бенковски и неговите четници в пещера над селото, която по-късно поколенията наричат „Бенковската пещера“. В края на месец юни жива картина се играе и на паметника на ботевите четници Никола Войновски и Илия Милчев Пандурски в местността Десеткар.
Сред вековна зеленина в центъра на селото е разположена сцена, на която се провежда традиционният фолклорен събор. По-младите участници с право го наричат фестивал, заради пъстротата и празничното настроение. Всяка година се събират фолклорни групи от различни селища в Централна Северна България. Съборът се провежда всяка година в края на месец август като първото му издание е през 1980 г. Марин Иванов е дългогодишен радетел за събиране и съхраняване на изворния фолклор в родното си село. Неговият разказ връща към началото през 1979 година:
Попфолк

Попфолкът, наричан още чалга, а в академичната литература и етнопоп, е музикален стил от България. Стилът съчетава български, арабски, турски, гръцки и цигански мелодии. Характерни за него са повтарящите се музикални и танцови ритми.
Според представително за България социологическо проучване от декември 2023 година попфолкът е жанрът, най-често сочен като любим (от 17% от анкетираните).
По форма попфолкът (съкратено от „популярен фолклор“, друго граматически правилно изписване е „поп фолк“) се родее с балканско-ориенталската етномузика. В музикознанието стилът е известен под името „етнопоп“. Думата „чалга“ произлиза от турското çalgı – свирня, музика, която от своя страна произхожда от арабската дума шалга. В епохата на Българското възраждане под „чалгия“ се разбират инструментални групи, изпълняващи тогавашна популярна музика, в която цигулки и кларинети са заменили традиционните гайди и гъдулки, а вместо селяни вече свирят градски цигани, за които това е професионална дейност. Жанрът е забранен като упадъчен през социализма, като популяризирането му в България започва с песните на Хисарския поп от 1980-те и се засилва след промените от 1989 г. и появата на оркестър „Кристал“.
Някои анализатори свързват чалгата с упадъка на културните ценности и я определят като декадентски стил. Противниците ѝ твърдят, че няма връзка с националните и местните български фолклорни традиции и че единствените фолклорни елементи в нея са с близкоизточен произход и прокарва музикални традиции от ислямския свят, наследени от времето на Османската империя. Въпреки че е широко приета от диджеите в нощните клубове, жанрът се посреща с неприязън от по-консервативна публика. В средите на интелигенцията чалгата е критикувана заради прокламираната в нея безвкусица и отхвърлянето на традиционните морални норми. Чалгата е популярна сред чуждестранните туристи, които не разбират текстовете ѝ и я приемат за вид местна атракция.