davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Umarkot Fort

Umarkot Fort (Urdu: قِلعہ عُمَرکوٹ; Sindhi: عمر ڪوٽ جو قلعو), also called Amarkot (Urdu: امَرکوٹ), is a fort in Umerkot, Sindh (Sindhi: امرڪوٽ). Emperor Akbar was born in Umarkot Fort when his father Humayun fled from the military defeats at the hands of Sher Shah Suri on 15 October 1542. Rana Prasad Singh Sodha of Umarkot, who had risen to power, had given refuge to Mughal Emperor Humayun, and it was there that Hamida Bano Begum gave birth to young Akbar. Later the Mughal Emperor Akbar became the Shahenshah of Hindustan and was a popular figure with both Hindus and Muslims. Umerkot has many sites of historical significance such as Mughal emperor Akbar's birthplace near to Umarkot Fort. Currently, Akbar's birthplace is an open land. In 1746, the Mughal Subahdar, Noor Mohammad Kalhoro, built a fort at the location. Later the British took over that area.
Amarkot Fort was built by Rana Amar Singh in 11th century. It remained under control of Sodha Rajput dynasty known as the Ranas of Umerkot, but later was taken over by the Pakistani Government after the formation of Pakistan. However, the Rana family still has their jagir located 16 km away. The governorship of the fort was possessed by Rana Megraj.
Another significant story relating to Umarkot is that of Umar Marvi. Marvi was a young Thari girl abducted by Umar, the then ruler, who wanted to marry her because of her beauty. Upon her refusal, she was imprisoned in the historic Umerkot Fort for many years until her ultimate release. Because of her courage, Marvi is an ideal for the local people.
Rawat Fort

Rawat Fort (Urdu: قلعہ روات) is an early 15th century fort in the Pothohar plateau of Pakistan, near the city of Rawalpindi in the province of Punjab.
It is 17 km east of Rawalpindi on Grand Trunk Road. The 2nd century Mankiala stupa can be seen from the roof of the fort's mosque. The fort is located approximately 50 miles from the vast Rohtas Fort, which had been built by Sher Shah Suri to establish control of the Pothohar region.
Rawat Fort derives is named from the Arabic word Rabat (Arabic: رباط), meaning caravanserai - an inn for caravans.
The fort is said to have founded as a caravanserai in the 15th century by the Delhi Sultanate. However, Pothohar was under control of Malik Jasrat during this period, and he was probably its original builder. Jasrat is known to have constructed a series of other forts in the region. The caravan itself may have been built atop a Ghaznavid-era fort that was established in 1036 CE. it came under control of The caravanserai was then later fortified in the 16th century by the Mughal emperor Humayun in order to defend the Pothohar plateau from Sher Shah Suri's forces. The fort was the scene of a battle between Humayun and Sher Shah Suri in 1546.
The fort is almost in square form and has two gates. There is also a quadrangular building with a dome in the fort's inner area – an area which also contains many graves. Along the perimeter are several small cells, which may have originally been small rooms rented out to itinerant merchants.The fort also contains a mosque with three domes.
The fort is federally protected as a Cultural Heritage Site of Punjab, and is managed by the Ministry of Information, Broadcasting and National Heritage. In November 2016, a conservation plan was commissioned for preservation of the fort. 50 million rupees were allocated in March 2017 towards the first of two phases of conservation of the Rawat Fort.
Bahla Fort

Bahla Fort (Arabic: قلعة بهلاء, romanized: Qalʿat Bahlāʿ) is one of four historic fortresses situated at the foot of the Jebel Akhdar highlands in Oman and was the country's first UNESCO-listed fort added in 1987.
In 1988, the Archaeological Sites of Bat, Al-Khutm and Al-Ayn became the second Omani site to be declared World Heritage by UNESCO.
Bahla Fort underwent massive restoration efforts and reopened in 2012. However, the complex lacks in visitor information. There are no exhibits or brochures available to learn more about this large space or guides at hand to provide further details, so people either need to go on a tour or explore on their own.
The fort is believed to have been built between the 12th and 15th century by the Banu Nebhan tribe who inhabited the area at the time and were known for controlling the trade of frankincense.
As part of the complex, there is also a citadel oasis adjacent to the fort and an ancient wall spanning 13 kilometres part of which are still standing. The majority of the oasis is in ruins but the structure and some of the houses still stand.
As the fort was built with bricks made of mud and straw, erosion damaged the structure until rehabilitation efforts were launched. There are a lot of legends surrounding the castle.
There are three main parts inside the fort. The oldest part of the fort is Al-Qasabah. Bait al-Hadith, or new house, was built by the Ya’riba dynasty (1624–1743). Bait Al-Jabal was erected in the 18th century.
Preservation attempt in 1995 was found to be a renovation not a restoration because the aim of the remodeling was to make the fort look new. This renovation began without prior archaeological, topographic, architectural or technical surveys.
Original building was mud-brick and mortar and plaster. Restoration unjustifiably used stone and cement to cover the walls so severely that the original walls could not be seen at all
Irrigation is an issue, as there have not been any recent efforts to conserve this system. Parts of the ancient wall surrounding the fort have been destroyed or altered because of nearby building construction. In 2013, ArCHIAM Centre led by Professor Soumyen Bandyopadhyay developed a heritage management plan for the Bahla fort and it's neighbouring oasis.
Attock Fort

Attock Fort (Punjabi: قلعہ اٹک / ਅਟੌਕ ਕਿਲ੍ਹਾ ) is a fortress in Pakistan, built at Attock Khurd during the reign of Akbar from 1581 to 1583 under the supervision of Khawaja Shamsuddin Khawafi to protect the passage of the River Indus. Ahmad Shah Durrani recaptured Attock and halted the Maratha advance in the north temporarily after the Third Battle of Panipat. It featured a prominent role in Afghan-Sikh Wars during the Battle of Attock.
The fort was constructed in 1581 on the orders of the Mughal emperor Akbar. Construction was completed in two years after which the fort was used as a key defense line against Afghan invaders. The fort was captured in 1758 by Tukojirao Holkar and Sabaji Shinde Sidhojiraje Ghatage-Desai-Deshmukh, aka Manaji Paygude (the conqueror of Lahore), and the Marathas. The fort was captured in 1813 by Sikhs from the Afghans by Dewan Mokham Chand. In the 1830s, the Sikhs strengthened the fort by constructing 'very high and massy bastions' at each gate. The British took over the fort in 1849, following the annexation of Punjab. After the Partition of India, Pakistan Army took control of the fort. It became headquarters of the 7th division of Pakistan Army. In 1956, the fort was handed over to the Special Services Group (SSG), a special operations force of the Pak Army. Today the fort remains in control of the SSG.
It is sandwiched between Peshawar Road on one side and the River Indus on the other. It is located at a distance of 80km from the capital city of Islamabad. As its a military base, visitors are not allowed inside the fort.
The fort consists of 4 gates and its perimeter wall is 1600m long. The gates are named the Delhi gate, Lahori Gate, Kabuli Gate and Mori Gate.
Mangla Fort

Mangla Fort (Urdu: منگلا قلعہ) is a historical fort located in Mangla, Azad Kashmir. It is currently under the administration of the Pakistan Army and is not publicly accessible.
During the construction of the Mangla Dam, a large portion of the fort was submersed in the dam. Presently, only about five to six acres of the southwestern part remain above water.
Established before the common era on the hills adjacent to the Jhelum River, the fort signifies the geographical and historical demarcation known as the Gateway to Kashmir, where the Jhelum River delineates the border between Punjab and Azad Kashmir.
The fort's initial structure was composed of mud and stones, with subsequent enhancements during the Dogra period, including the addition of decorative arches. Its construction utilized materials such as sandy stones, stone sketches, and large wooden beams, with carved stones of varying lengths, and some areas featuring limestone.
The site encompasses a 100-square-mile lake and the Mangla Dam, significant for its role in hydro-electrical power generation. The river's water sources include the Vari Nag Fountain and Wular Lake in the Himalayas of Kashmir. The construction of the dam, aligned with the provisions of the Indus Waters Treaty, was a notable development in the region. The area also includes an army garrison and is known for its local freshwater fish, especially the Mahasher, from Mangla Lake and the Jhelum River.
The layout of the fort includes a main entrance gate leading to a divided pathway. The right path directs visitors to the western rampart, marked by grassy areas and flower beds. Opposite the rampart lies a deep ditch. The left path from the gate leads to an arched veranda atop which the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) has constructed a room.
From this veranda, nearby power house, WAPDA's rest house, and offices are visible, along with a distant view of the Upper Jhelum Canal. In proximity to the veranda is an old tree, near which are several rooms, one of which functions as a museum. This museum displays items found during the construction of the Mangla Dam and features related to the power house design.
The fort's design included defensive elements like elongated wall holes for surveillance and protection. The original roofs of the fort have not survived, and significant internal modifications were made by the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) during the dam's construction. The fort's eastern and southern walls were higher than those on the north and west, indicating varied defensive strategies.
33°07′49″N 73°38′30″E﻿ / ﻿33.1304°N 73.6416°E﻿ / 33.1304; 73.6416
عید الاضحی

عید الاضحیٰ مسلمانوں کا تہوار ہے۔ عید الاضحیٰ ذوالحجہ کی دس تاریخ کو منائی جاتی ہے۔ اس دن مسلمان کعبۃ اللہ کا حج بھی کرتے ہیں۔ مسلمان دو طرح کی عید مناتے ہیں۔ ایک کو عید الفطر اور دوسری کو عید الاضحیٰ کہا جاتا ہے۔
انس بن مالک فرماتے ہیں کہ دور جاہلیت میں لوگوں نے سال میں دو دن کھیل کود کے لیے مقرر کر رکھے تھے۔ چنانچہ رسول اللہ (صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہ وسلم) جب مدینہ منورہ تشریف لائے تو ارشاد فرمایا تم لوگوں کے کھیلنے کودنے کے لیے دو دن مقرر تھے اللہ تعالیٰ نے انھیں ان سے بہتر دنوں میں تبدیل کر دیا ہے۔ یعنی عیدالفطر اور عید الاضحیٰ۔
عید الاضحی کو دس ذی الحجہ کے دن منایا جاتا ہے اور یہ دونوں عیدوں میں افضل عید ہے اور حج کے مکمل ہونے کے بعد آتی ہے۔ جب مسلمان حج مکمل کرلیتے ہیں تو اللہ تعالٰی انھیں معاف کر دیتا ہے۔ اس لیے حج کی تکمیل یوم عرفہ میں وقوف عرفہ پر ہوتی ہے جو حج کاایک عظیم رکن ہے جیسا کہ نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا فرمان ہے : یوم عرفہ آگ سے آزادی کا دن ہے جس میں اللہ تعالٰی ہر شخص کوآگ سے آزادی دیتے ہیں عرفات میں وقوف کرنے والے اور دوسرے ممالک میں رہنے والے مسلمانوں کو بھی آزادی ملتی ہے۔ 1 - یہ دن اللہ تعالٰی کے ہاں سب سے بہترین دن ہے : حافظ ابن قیم رحمہ اللہ تعالٰی نے زاد المعاد ( 1 / 54 ) میں کہتے ہیں : [اللہ تعالٰی کے ہاں سب سے افضل اور بہتر دن یوم النحر ( عیدالاضحی ) کا دن ہے اوروہ حج اکبروالا دن ہے۔ ( نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا فرمان ہے : یقینا یوم النحر اللہ تعالٰی کے ہاں بہترین دن ہے ) 2 – یہ حج اکبر والا دن ہے : ابن عمررضي اللہ تعالٰی عنہما بیان کرتے ہیں کہ نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اس حج کے دوران میں جوانہوں نے کیا تھایوم النحر( عید الاضحی ) والے دن جمرات کے درمیان میں کھڑے ہوکرفرمانے لگے یہ حج اکبر والا دن ہے۔ نبی اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا : یوم عرفہ اوریوم النحر اورایام تشریق ہم اہل اسلام کی عید کے دن ہیں اوریہ سب کھانے پینے کے دن ہیں۔
تواللہ تعالٰی نے وہ لہولعب کے دو دن ذکر وشکراورمغفرت درگزر میں بدل دیے، تواس طرح مومن کے لیے دنیا میں تین عیدیں ہیں : عبد اللہ ابن عباس سے روایت ہے کہ رسول اللہ (صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہ وسلم) نے ارشاد فرمایا یہ عید کا دن ہے جو اللہ تعالیٰ نے مسلمانوں کو عطا فرمایا۔ سو ! جو جمعہ کے لیے آنا چاہے تو غسل کرلے اور اگر خوشبو میسر ہو تو لگا لے اور تم پر مسواک (بھی) لازم ہے۔
رمضان جو اسلام کے بنیادی ارکان میں سے تیسرا رکن ہیں، جب مسلمان رمضان کے روزے مکمل کرتا ہے تواللہ تعالٰی نے ان کے روزے مکمل کرنے پر عید مشروع کی ہے جس میں وہ اللہ تعالٰی کا شکرادا اوراللہ تعالٰی کاذکر کرنے کے لیے جمع ہوتے اوراس کی اس طرح بڑائی بیان کرتے ہیں جس پرانہیں اللہ تعالٰی نے ہدایت نصیب فرمائی ہے اوراس عید میں اللہ تعالٰی نے مسلمانوں پرصدقہ فطر ( فطرانہ ) اورنماز عید مشروع کی ہے۔
Halwa Vasu

Vasu, popularly known as Halwa Vasu, (died 17 August 2017) was a comedian in the Tamil film industry in India. He worked in around 900 films.
Vasu who hailed from Madurai district, came to Chennai to work in cinemas after his graduation. Vasu worked as an assistant to director-actor Manivannan, he carved a niche for himself in comedy films and has also acted alongside the likes of Vadivelu. He was given the name "Halwa Vasu" after the film Amaidhi Padai (1994), in which he brings halwa which is adulterated with abin, a drug, by the antagonist in the movie who uses it to rape an innocent girl.
He was also known for his popular dialogue "Moonji Sir Moonji Sila Moonjigala Paartha Thaan Korthuvidanum pola thonoom" during his conversation with Vadivelu in the film Chatrapathy (2004), where Vasu manipulates Vadivelu to sell all the equipments which he intentionally lie as those machines have the ability to trace and identity genuine currency notes from counterfeit currency notes. In the comedy sequence, Vasu initially comes off as a genuine guy who pretends to help Vadivelu by setting up a side business giving him words of wisdom and advises about how to be a productive human being by learning and mastering the art of work ethics and honing the skillsets in labour market.
His performance as a comedy sidekick to veteran comedian Vadivelu in Ellam Avan Seyal (2008) was lauded and appreciated by the audience. In one of the comedy track sequences, Halwa Vasu and Bava Lakshmanan's hilarious response to Vadivelu when asked by Vadivelu about whether they got jaamin (transl. bail) in order to release him from police custody became immensely popular due to the mannerism shown by Bava Lakshmanan and Halwa Vasu during their response even amidst the intensity of the situation inside a police station. Halwa Vasu eventually gives a finishing touch by hilariously telling "Kadallaye Illeyam", referring to how he and Bava went in search of bail in a fish market.
He was hospitalized at Madurai Meenakshi Mission Hospital for some time but died due to liver failure at his home in Rukmani Palayam Munichalai on 17 August 2017. His funeral and cremation was held in Thathaneri electric crematorium.
Almond meal

Almond meal, almond flour or ground almond is made from ground sweet almonds. Almond flour is usually made with blanched almonds (no skin), whereas almond meal can be made with whole or blanched almonds. The consistency is more like corn meal than wheat flour.
It is used in pastry and confectionery – in the manufacture of almond macarons and macaroons and other sweet pastries, in cake and pie filling, such as Austrian Sachertorte – and is one of the two main ingredients of marzipan and almond paste. In France, almond meal is an important ingredient in frangipane, the filling of traditional galette des Rois cake.
Almond meal has recently become important in baking items for those on low-carbohydrate diets. It adds moistness and a rich nutty taste to baked goods. Items baked with almond meal tend to be calorie-dense.
Almonds have high levels of polyunsaturated fats. Typically, the omega 6 fatty acids in almonds are protected from oxidation by the surface skin and vitamin E. When almonds are ground, this protective skin is broken and exposed surface area increases dramatically, greatly enhancing the nut's tendency to oxidize.
Depositional environment

In geology, depositional environment or sedimentary environment describes the combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment and, therefore, the rock types that will be formed after lithification, if the sediment is preserved in the rock record. In most cases, the environments associated with particular rock types or associations of rock types can be matched to existing analogues. However, the further back in geological time sediments were deposited, the more likely that direct modern analogues are not available (e.g. banded iron formations).
Continental
Transitional
Marine
Others
Depositional environments in ancient sediments are recognised using a combination of sedimentary facies, facies associations, sedimentary structures and fossils, particularly trace fossil assemblages, as they indicate the environment in which they lived.
Charles Spence

Charles Spence is an experimental psychologist at the University of Oxford. He is the head of the Crossmodal Research group which specializes in the research about the integration of information across different sensory modalities. He also teaches Experimental Psychology to undergraduates at Somerville College, Oxford.
He is currently a consultant for a number of multinational companies advising on various aspects of multisensory design. He has also conducted research on human-computer interaction issues on the crew workstation on the European Space Shuttle, and currently works on problems associated with the design of foods that maximally stimulate the senses, and with the effect of the indoor environment on mood, well-being, and performance. Spence has published more than 500 articles in scientific journals over the last decade. He has been awarded the 10th Experimental Psychology Society Prize, the British Psychological Society: Cognitive Section Award, the Paul Bertelson Award, recognizing him as the young European Cognitive Psychologist of the Year, and, most recently, the prestigious Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in Germany.
One of Spence's earliest and most notable experiments in the field of crossmodal food research was "The Role of Auditory Cues in Modulating the Perceived Crispness and Staleness of Potato Chips," published in the Journal of Sensory Studies in 2004. The experiment was the first to successfully show that food could taste different depending on changes in sound. In the experiment, Spence demonstrated that the pitch and volume of the noise made when biting into Pringles chips affected people's perception of how fresh they were. Louder, higher-pitched crunch noises were rated by eaters to be 15% fresher on average than softer, lower-pitched crunch noises.
Since then his research has established that the sight, touch and sound of food can have large effects on its perceived taste. Other findings include that strawberry mousse is perceived as 10% sweeter when eaten from a white container over a black one, that coffee drunk from white mugs tastes almost twice as intense but only two-thirds as sweet as coffee drunk from a black mug, and that eaters perceive yogurt to be roughly 25% more filling when its plastic container weighs two and a half ounces (70 g) more.
Golden tiger

A golden tiger, sometimes called a golden tabby tiger, is a Bengal tiger with a colour variation caused by a recessive gene. Like white tigers and black tigers, it is a morph, and not a separate subspecies. Known for its blonde or pale-golden color and red-brown (not black) stripes, the golden tiger colouring comes from a recessive trait referred to as "wideband" which affects the production of black during the hair growth cycle. Tiger colorations that vary from the typical orange-with-black-stripe do occur in nature, but in a very small percentage.
All golden tabby tigers in captivity seem traceable to a white tiger called Bhim, a white son of a part-white Amur tiger named Tony. Tony is considered to be a common ancestor of all white tigers in North America. Bhim was a carrier of the wide band gene and transmitted this to some of his offspring. Bhim was bred to his sister Sumita (also a carrier of the wide band gene), giving rise to stripeless white tigers (i.e. having two copies of the wide band gene). Bhim was also bred to a normal orange tigress called Kimanthi, and then to his own orange daughter Indira from that mating. The mating of Bhim and Indira resulted in striped white, stripeless white, normal orange, and golden tabby offspring indicating that both Bhim and his daughter carried the wide band gene. When the golden tabby male offspring was mated to the normal orange female offspring, both golden tabby tigers and white tigers resulted.
Litters of different coloured cubs are not unusual because the white and golden tabby colours are caused by combinations of hidden recessive genes carried by the parents. White tigers, such as Dreamworld's Mohan (named after the white tiger captured in India in the 1950s), are highly inbred. Inbreeding reduces genetic variability and may cause hidden genes to manifest as there is a greater probability that two recessive genes will meet up.
Analysis of golden tiger family trees shows that golden tigers are genetically normal orange coloured tigers with the addition of a recessive modifying gene, probably the wide band gene. This same wide band gene also gives rise to stripeless white tigers. A white tiger that inherits two copies of the recessive wide band gene will be a stripeless white. A normal orange tiger that inherits two copies of the recessive wide band gene will be a golden tabby. The wide band gene is carried independently of the white gene.
Beg ar Skeul

Beg ar Skeul zo ur beg-douar e gevred enez ar Gerveur, e kumun Lokmaria, e Bro Gwened.
Troet war-zu ar c'hreisteiz eo ar beg-douar ha mougevioù a-leizh zo er vri. War an tornaod e weler c'hoazh an aspadennoù eus kreñvlec'hioù da zifenn an enezenn diouzh argadennoù diavaez.
Belle-Île

Belle-Île, pe Belle-Isle e galleg kozh, zo un anv-lec'h gallek. Gallout a ra ober dave da veur a lec'h.
Belle-Île, anv gallek Ar Gerveur, e Bro-Gwened, ha Benac'h, e Bro-Dreger.
Teir enezenn zo bet anvet Belle Isle e Douar-Nevez, e proviñs Douar-Nevez ha Labrador, diwar anv Ar Gerveur e galleg :
Edig

Edig, pe Enez Edig, a zo un enezenn vihan er meurvor Atlantel, er-maez da aod Breizh, e-kichen enez Houad, a zo brasoc'h eviti.
Ur gumun eus kanton Kiberen eo ivez, e departamant ar Mor-Bihan hag e Bro-Gwened.
Niver a annezidi
Beg ar Polen

Beg ar Polen zo ur beg-douar en enez ar Gerveur, e departamant ar Mor-Bihan.
Emañ Beg ar Polen e beg gwalarn ar Gerveur, e kumun Saozon. Ne ouzer ket gwall vat petra eo orin an anv « polen ». Gallekaet eo bet anv ar beg-douar e « Pointe des Poulains ».
Ul lec’h kaer eo Beg ar Polen, leun a gerreg. Un tour-tan zo, tour-tan ar Polen, hag a zo war un tamm douar a vez dispartiet diouzh ar beg-douar d’an uhelvor. E 1868 e oa bet savet an tour-tan-se. Emren penn-da-benn eo bremañ ha mont a ra en-dro gant tredan degaset gant energiezh an heol.
E-kichen ar beg-douar ivez ez eus ur c’hreñvlec’h savet gant an arme en XIX kantved hag oa bet prenet ha treuzfurmet gant ar gomedianez Sarah Bernhardt e 1894. Graet he doa he annez enni ha savet he doa ivez, war-lerc’h, daou di all e-kichen, an eil anvet Les Cinq Parties du monde hag egile Lysiane evit degemer he mignoned. Betek fin he buhez, e 1923, e teue Sarah Bernhardt bep hañv da dremen ur pennad amzer eno.
Goude e voe dilezet ar savadurioù tamm-ha-tamm hag e 2000 e voent prenet gant Mirva an Aodoù Adkempennet e voent ha digor e vez al lec’h d’ar weladennerien bremañ..
Georgette Piccon

Georgette Piccon, bet ganet e Sospel (Alpes-Maritimes) d'an 2 a viz Eost 1920 hag aet d'an Anaon e 2004 e Villefranche-sur-Mer (er memes departamant), a oa ul livourez c'hall skeudennus.
Dimezet e oa da Marcel Bodénez, ur Breizhad, hag a voe anvet da di-saver kêr Roazhon e 1950. Eno e chomas an tiegezh e-pad un ugent vloaz bennak.
Denise Delouche

Denise Delouche, bet ganet e Roazhon d'an 9 a viz Gouere 1935 ha marvet d'ar 5 a viz Eost 2024, a oa ur gelennerez e Skol-veur Roazhon 2 Breizh-Uhel, lakaet da vezañ an arbennigourez bennañ a-vremañ war istor al livouriezh hag al livourien e Breizh.
Tapet he doe an agregadur war an Istor ha douaroniezh hag an doktorelezh war Istor an arzoù. Asamblez ant André Mussat he deus diazezet kelennerezh an Arzoù evel danvez-studi e Skol-veur Roazhon 2 Breizh-Uhel.
A-drugarez d'he zezenn doktorelezh Les peintres de la Bretagne avant Gauguin (1975) ha d'al labourioù diniver bet sevenet ganti goude ez eo bet lakaet da arbennigourez pennañ he amzer war Istor al livouriezh hag al livourien e Breizh.
Savet he deus levrioù arz ha war an arzourien, savet katalogoù diskouezadeg, renet levrioù a-stroll ha skrivet pennadoù.
Ezel eus Skol-Uhel ar Vro e oa bet abaoe krouidigezh an ensavadur.
E 1999 e oa bet deroet Kolier an Erminig dezhi.
Aozet he deus Denise Delouche an diskouezadeg La passion de l'estampe, o kinnig he dastumadeg personel e Mirdi an Arzoù-Kaer e Gwened etre ar 7 a viz Mezheven hag an 30 a viz Gwengolo 2008.
Hit parade

Hit parade (['hɪt pɘ'reɪd]) zo ur ger saoznek savet er Stadoù-Unanet er bloavezhioù 1930 evit ober anv eus ur rollad tonioù pe kanaouennoù, renket en urzh hervez ar re a vez prenet pe selaouet ar muiañ d'ur c'houlz resis bennak. Degemeret eo bet ar ger en un toullad yezhoù all (alamaneg, galleg, tchekeg hag all) er bloavezhioù 1960, hag adalek ar galleg er brezhoneg ivez.
Brudet eo bet an droienn da gentañ gant abadennoù skingomz ha skinwel evel Your Hit Parade a badas eus 1935 da 1955 er Stadoù-Unanet, pe c'hoazh Billboard, ar gelaouenn etrebroadel gouestlet d'ar sonerezh, a savas e miz Genver 1936 he music hit parade kentañ.
Berzh a reas an droienn hag adkemeret e voe e meur a yezh dre ar bed. Diouzh ar c'hiz e oa an droienn e galleg er bloavezhioù 1960 ha 1970. Bremañ pa vez lavaret (record) chart kentoc'h e saozneg e vez graet ivez gant troiennoù saoznek all a bep seurt e galleg, evel Top (Top 10, 40, 50...), un doienn hag a voe degemeret e meur a yezh all, en o zouez an Top 50 e galleg.
Arabat eo kemmeskañ an anv hit parade, diazezet war ar gwerzhioù, gant ar renkamantoù a bep seurt a vez graet gant ar chadennoù skingomz, pe gant kelaouennoù pe lec'hiennoù a bep seurt, diazezet war o selaouerien pe o lennerien, ha n'eo ket war ar gwerzhioù ken.
E galleg ez eo bet brudet an anv gant Radio Luxembourg gant hec'h abadenn skingomz Hit-Parade RTL a voe skignet adalek 1962 betek 1989. Anvet e voe Minimax adalek miz Du 1966 betek miz Mae 1968 kent distreiñ da Hit Parade ; un ehan a voe etre 1970 ha 1972 ; e miz Gouhere 1972 e voe skignet a-nevez, betek 1981. Adskignet e voe betek 1989 dre ar skingomz. Er skinwel e voe an Hit parade ivez adalek an 10 a viz Gwengolo 1975 betek miz Mezheven 1983.
Kavan-Daouria

Evit sterioù all ar ger kavan, gwelit ar pennad Kavan (disheñvelout).
Ar c'havan-Daouria (pe kavan Daouria, liester : kavaned Daouria) zo ur spesad golvaneged bras eus kerentiad ar brini, Coloeus dauuricus (Corvus dauuricus kent) an anv skiantel anezhañ.
Bevañ a ra diwar amprevaned, gagnoù, greun, had, hugennoù ha vioù.
Kavout a reer ar spesad en un takad hag a ya eus kornôg Sina, Mongolia ha gevred Rusia da greisteiz Sina.
Breton Sound

Breton Sound (French: Détroit Breton) is a sound of the Gulf of Mexico and a part of the coastline of the U.S. state of Louisiana. It lies off the southeast coast of the state and is partially enclosed by the Breton Islands.
Two ships in the United States Navy have been named the USS Breton after this area.
On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina crossed the sound before making its third landfall near Pearlington, Mississippi.
In 2023, Louisiana's Coastal Master Plan intends to redirect fresh water from the Mississippi River east into wetlands in Breton Sound.
29°30′03″N 89°15′02″W﻿ / ﻿29.50083°N 89.25056°W﻿ / 29.50083; -89.25056
Pitcairn Island

Pitcairn Island is the only inhabited island of the Pitcairn Islands, in the southern Pacific Ocean, of which many inhabitants are descendants of mutineers of HMS Bounty.
The island is of volcanic origin, with a rugged cliff coastline. Unlike many other South Pacific islands, it is not surrounded by coral reefs that protect the coast. The only access to the island is via a small pier on Bounty Bay. Adamstown is the sole settlement.
Pawala Valley Ridge is the island's highest point at 346 m above sea level.
The volcanic soil and tropical climate with abundant rainfall make the soil productive.
The average temperature ranges from 19 to 24°C. The annual rainfall is 1,800 mm.
Indigenous fauna consists of insects and lizards. Since their introduction, rats have become an invasive species.
A large number of seabirds nest along the steep shorelines.
As coral reefs are absent, fishing is offshore. Sharks, sea bream, barracudas and tuna are all abundant. Whale migrations are seen yearly.
Gilles Le Breton

Gilles Le Breton (died 1553) was a French architect and master-mason during the Renaissance. He is best known as the mastermind of much of the present-day Château de Fontainebleau.
In 1526, Le Breton was working at the Château de Chambord under Pierre Nepveu. In 1527, he was appointed “maître général des oeuvres de Maçonnerie du roi,” or master-mason. It was around this time that Francis I started renovations on Fontainebleau, the former medieval hunting lodge of the French monarchs, just to the southeast of Paris. On April 28, 1528, Le Breton signed a contract with the king to pull down the old entrance tower and erect another, along with several smaller towers and galleries. Le Breton was next contracted to construct the Chapel of St. Saturnin and renovate a staircase in August 1531. The work was done in a distinct French Renaissance style which combined Italian and medieval French architectural ideas. He was promised 18,000 livres for work on the grand staircase, per a contract in March 1540. Philibert de l'Orme, the architect of Francis I, acknowledged and verified Le Breton's works later in 1540. Though de l'Orme became the lead architect of Fontainebleau in 1548, it is believed that Le Breton remained on the project until his death.
Surviving works of Le Breton's at Fontainebleau include the Porte Dorée and loggia, the Cour Ovale, the Cour du Cheval Blanc, and the chapel of La Trinité.
Le Breton died in the village of Avon, Seine-et-Marne, Fontainebleau, in 1553.
Leschi Park

Leschi Park is an 18.5 acres (75,000 m) park in the Leschi neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, named after Chief Leschi of the Nisqually tribe. The majority of the park is a grassy hillside that lies west of Lakeside Avenue S. and features tennis courts, picnic tables, and a playground. Across Lakeside Avenue to the east is the western shore of Lake Washington and a small lawn with benches. To its south is the southern portion of Leschi Moorage, separated from the northern portion by a parking lot in the E. Yesler Way right-of-way, private docks, and an office/restaurant complex.
The cable car run from Pioneer Square that operated from September 27, 1888, to August 10, 1940, terminated here. As with Madison Park to the north, there was a cross-lake ferry run from Leschi Park to the Eastside before the construction of the Lacey V. Murrow Memorial Bridge. Seattle's first zoo was located here, but moved to Woodland Park in 1903. Leschi Park borders Frink Park in its southwest corner.
The Duwamish called the area "Changes-Its-Face" (Lushootseed: s7ayá7oos), referring to an enormous and powerful supernatural horned snake that was said to live there.
From about 1890 to about 1910, Leschi Park was an important stop for steamboats which ran on Lake Washington.
Kingston Stadium

Kingston Stadium is a football stadium in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Kingston Stadium is located southwest of downtown Cedar Rapids, adjacent to Veterans Memorial Stadium and ImOn Ice Arena. Opened September 12, 1952, it was named for a settlement called Kingston established in 1839 on the west side of the Cedar River which was later annexed into Cedar Rapids.
In 2019, Kingston Stadium underwent three-months of renovations at a cost of $2 million. Upgrades included new turf, improved ADA compliant bleachers, and an eighth track lane allowing for state qualifying meets. The north bleachers were demolished and replaced with a grassy hillside.
Kingston Stadium is the home stadium for Jefferson, Kennedy, and Washington high school football games. It previously hosted Regis and LaSalle high schools when they were in existence, and Coe College games before K. Raymond Clark Field was built.
Kingston Stadium hosted a Canadian Football League exhibition game in 1961, and one NFL exhibition game each in 1961, 1962, and 1963.
In the 1970s Kingston Stadium was home to three semipro football teams: the Rapid Raiders (Midwest Football League) in 1972 and 1973; the Buccaneers (Central States League) in 1974; and the Falcons (Chicagoland League; Northern States League) in 1976 and 1977. The 1972 Rapid Raiders won the Midwest Football League championship. In 1978, the Metro Falcons (Northern States League) were refused permission to play at Kingston Stadium.
The Cedar Rapids Rampage United amateur soccer team in the Premier League of America played at Kingston Stadium in 2017.
The stadium has also been used for public school graduation ceremonies, cheerleading, marching band festivals, track meets and soccer matches.
Visayan Sea

The Visayan Sea is a sea in the Philippines surrounded by the islands of the Visayas. It is bounded by the islands Masbate to the north, Panay to the west, Leyte to the east, and Cebu and Negros to the south.
The sea is connected to several bodies of water: the Sibuyan Sea to the northwest via the Jintotolo Channel, the Samar Sea to the northeast, the Guimaras Strait to the southwest which leads to Panay Gulf, the Tañon Strait to the south, and the Camotes Sea to the southeast.
The largest island within this sea is Bantayan Island of Cebu province.
The sea is a major fishing ground for sardines, mackerel, and herring the Philippines. In 2020, the Western Visayas accounts for 20 percent of sardines total production in the Philippines. The sea covers an area of roughly 10,000 km (3,900 sq mi) with 22 municipalities along its coastline. A closed season is imposed annually from November 15 to March 15 in portions of the sea through Fisheries Administrative Order (FAO) 167 since 1989.
Media related to Visayan Sea at Wikimedia Commons
መንግሥተ ኢትዮጵያ

መንግሥተ ኢትዮጵያ በዛሬዎቹ ኢትዮጵያና ኤርትራ የሚገኝ መንግሥት ነበር። በትልቅነቱ ጊዜ ሰሜን ሶማሊያ፣ ጅቡቲ፣ ደቡብ ግብፅ፣ ምሥራቃዊ ሱዳን፣ የመንና ምዕራባዊ ሳውዲ አረቢያን ያጠቃልል ነበር።
ኢትዮቢያየኢትዮ ግዛትያ ግዛት የአረብ እና የቱርክ ጦርን ለማስመለስ እና ከብዙ የአውሮፓ አገራት ጋር ወዳጃዊ ግንኙነቶችን ለመጀመር በተከታታይ በቀጣይነት የሚተዳደር ነበር ፡፡ ኢትዮጵያ ከአፍሪካ ጋር ከተቀላቀለችበት 1936 እስከ 1941 ባለው ጊዜ ውስጥ አጭር ጊዜ ሳይጨምር በ 1882 በእንግሊዝ ግብፅ ወረራ የተጀመረውን የቅኝ ግዛት ለማስቀረት ብቸኛ የአፍሪካ ሀገሮች ኢትዮጵያ እና ላይቤሪያ ነበሩ ፡፡ ምስራቃዊ ጣሊያን።
የቅኝ ግዛት ግዛቶች ከወደሙ በኋላ በሃያኛው ክፍለዘመን አጋማሽ ላይ ኢትዮጵያ በዓለም ላይ በንጉሠ ነገሥት ከሚተዳደሩ ሦስት የዓለም አገራት አንዷ እስከ 1974 ዓ.ም.
ኢትዮጵያ ኢትዮጵያ ኢትዮጵያ ቅደሚ

"ኢትዮጵያ ኢትዮጵያ ኢትዮጵያ ቅደሚ" በደርግ ዘመነ መንግሥት የኢትዮጵያ ብሔራዊ መዝሙር ነበር።
ኢትዮጵያ ኢትዮጵያ ኢትዮጵያ ቅደሚ በኅብረተሰባዊነት አብቢ ለምልሚ! ቃል ኪዳን ገብተዋል ጀግኖች ልጆችሽ ወንዞች ተራሮችሽ ድንግል መሬትሽ ለኢትዮጵያ አንድነት ለነፃነትሽ መስዋዕት ሲሆኑ ለክብር ለዝናሽ! ተራመጂ ወደፊት በጥበብ ጎዳና ታጠቂ ለሥራ ላገር ብልጽግና! የጀግኖች እናት ነሽ በልጆችሽ ኩሪ ጠላቶችሽ ይጥፉ ለዘላለም ኑሪ!
ግጥም: አሰፋ ገብረማርያም ዜማ: ዳንኤል ዮሐንስ
የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር

የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር የኢትዮጵያ (እንዲሁም በኤርትራ አብያተ ክርስትያናት) ዋና ካሌንደር ነው። አዲስ ዓመት በጁሊያን ካሌንደር አቆጣጠር በኦገስት 29 ወይም 30 የሚጀምር ሲሆን በግሪጎሪያን ካሌንደር ደግሞ ከ1901 እ.ኤ.አ. እስከ 2099 እ.ኤ.አ. ድረስ በሴፕቴምበር 11 ወይም 12 ይጀምራል። በየአራት ዓመቱ አንድ ቀን ይጨመራል። በአንድ ዓመት ውስጥ አስራ-ሁለት ባለሠላሣ ቀናት እና አንድ ባለ አምስት (ስድስት በአራት ዓመት) ቀናት ያሉባቸው ወራት አሉ።
በኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር ዓመታት ሁሉ በአራት መደባት ይዞራሉ፤ እነሱም ስለ ሐዋርያት ስሞች ዘመነ ማቴዎስ፣ ዘመነ ማርቆስ፣ ዘመነ ሉቃስ (ተጨማሪ የጳጉሜ ቀን የሚቀበለው) እና ዘመነ ዮሐንስ ይባላሉ።
የበዓላት አከባበር በኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር የሚከበሩ በዓላት ብዙውን ጊዜ ከግሪጎሪያን ዘመን አቆጣጠር በ7 ዓመታት ይዘገያሉ። ለምሳሌ፣ የገና በዓል በጥር 7 ቀን ይከበራል፣ ይህም ከግሪጎሪያን ዘመን አቆጣጠር ጥር 1 ቀን ጋር ይመሳሰላል።
የአመተ ምህረት ዘመናት ከጎርጎርዮስ 'አኖ ዶሚኒ' በ7 ወይም 8 አመታት የሚለይበት ምክንያት፣ ከኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ ልደት 400 አመት ያህል በኋላ አኒያኖስ እስክንድራዊ ዘመኑን ሲቆጥረው ትስብዕቱ በመጋቢት 29 1 ዓ.ም. እንደ ሆነ ስለ ገመተ ይህ በትስብዕት ዘመን 1ኛ አመት ሆኗል። ይህ አቆጣጠር በምሥራቅ ክርስቲያን አገራት ከተቀበለ በኋላም በ443 ዓ.ም. ከሮማ ፓፓና ከምሥራቅ አቡናዎች መካከል ልዩነት ደርሶባቸው፤ በ517 ሌላ መነኩሴ ዲዮኒሲዮስ ኤክሲጉዎስ ሌላ አቆጣጠር (አኖ ዶሚኒ) አቀረበ። በሱ ግምት ትስብዕቱ የተከሠተበት ቀን ከአኒያኖስ ግምት በፊት በ8 አመታት አስቀደመው። የአኖ ዶሚኒ አቆጣጠር በምዕራብ አውሮፓ ላይኛነት በማግኘቱ የትስብእት ዘመን 1 አመተ ምህረት በአኖ ዶሚኒ 9 እ.ኤ.አ. ሆነ።
የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን ኣቆጣጠር የጁልያን ዘመን ኣቆጣጠር ኣይደለም። በኣሁኑ ጊዜ በጁልያና በጎርጎርዮስ ካለንደሮች መካከል ያለው የ13 ቀናት ልዩነት ሲሆን የዓመታቱ ቍጥሮች ልዩ ኣይደሉም።
በ525 ዓ.ም. ዲኖስዮስ ኤክሲጅዮስ (Dionysius Exiguus) የሚባል የሩስያ መነኩሴ የሮማው ጳጳስ መልዕክተኛም በመሆን የፋሲካን በዓል ኣወሳሰን ከግብጻውያን እንዲማር ተልኮ ነበር። እንደሚመስለኝና ኣንዳንድ ፀሓፊዎችም እንደሚሉት ኤክሲጅዮስ በ525 ዓ.ም. 532 ዓመትን ሳይጠቀም ኣልቀረም ይላሉ ዶክተር ኣበራ ሞላ። [1] Archived ኦክቶበር 6, 2008 at the Wayback Machine [2] [3] Archived ጃንዩዌሪ 25, 2016 at the Wayback Machine ዲኖስየስ ኣኖ ዶሚኒ (Anno Domini ወይም ኤ.ዲ.) የሚባለውን ካለንደር በጃንዋሪ 1 ፣ 1 ኤ.ዲ. እንዲጀምር በ525 ቢወስንም በኋላም ፀሓፊዎች ጁልያን (ዩልዮስ) ካለንደር ያሉት የግብጾችንና የኢትዮጵያን ዘመን መቈጠርያዎች ስለማይመለከት እራሱን የቻለ ካለንደር ሆኖ ቆይቷል። ኤክሲጅዮስ ወደኋላ በመቍጠር ሲጀምር ይመስለኛል ኣዲሱ ካለንደር ላይ ሰባት ዓመታት ግድም የጨመረበት። የዓመታቱም ቍጥር ከግብጽ ይልቅ ወደ ኢትዮጵያ የቀረበ ነው። ጨረቃ መሬትን ስትዞርና መሬት ፀሓይን ስትዞር የሚወስዱት 532 ዓመታት (19 X 28) ተደጋጋሚ ናቸው። [4] Archived ኦክቶበር 6, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
የወራት አቆጣጠር የተወረሰ ከቅብጢ ዘመን አቆጣጠር፣ ይህም የወጣ ከጥንታዊ ግብጽ ዘመን አቆጣጠር ነው። ሆኖም የወሮች ስሞች በግዕዝ ተለውጠዋል።
ኢትዮጵያ ብሮድካስቲንግ ኮርፖሬሽን

የኢትዮጵያ ብሮድካስቲንግ ኮርፖሬሽን (ኢቢሲ) አሁን ኢቴቪ ተብሎ ተቀይሮ (በሁሉም ንዑስ ሆሄያት ተቀይሯል) የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት የህዝብ አገልግሎት ስርጭት ነው። ዋና መሥሪያ ቤቱን አዲስ አበባ ኢትዮጵያ ያደረገ ሲሆን የሀገሪቱ አንጋፋ እና ትልቁ የብሮድካስት ስርጭት ነው።
ኢብኮ በአፄ ኃይለ ሥላሴ ትእዛዝ የተቋቋመ ሲሆን በመጀመሪያ በቶምሰን በእንግሊዝ ኩባንያ ይሠራ ነበር። ሙሉ በሙሉ በኢትዮጵያ መንግስት የተያዘ ነው። ፕሮግራሞቹ ዜና፣ ስፖርት፣ ሙዚቃ እና ሌሎች መዝናኛዎችን ያጠቃልላል። አብዛኛው የፕሮግራሙ ስርጭት በኢትዮጵያ ከሚገኙት ስድስት ኦፊሴላዊ ቋንቋዎች አንዱ በሆነው በአማርኛ ነው። አንዳንድ የዜና ክፍሎች እንደ ኦሮሚኛ፣ ሶማሊኛ፣ ትግርኛ፣ ቃፋራፍ፣ ሀረሪ እና እንግሊዘኛ ባሉ ሌሎች ቋንቋዎች ይሰራጫሉ።
ኢብኮ ከአሜሪካን አይዶል ጋር ተመሳሳይ ይዘት ያላቸውን እንደ ኢትዮጵያ አይዶል ያሉ የመዝናኛ ፕሮግራሞች አሉት። በቅርብ አመታት ኢቲቪ በሳምንት ጥቂት ጨዋታዎችን ከአውሮፓ እግር ኳስ ሊግ (የስፔን ላሊጋ እና የእንግሊዝ ፕሪሚየር ሊግ) እንዲሁም አንዳንድ አለም አቀፍ ጨዋታዎችን አስተላልፏል። ኢvኮ ፕሮግራሞቹን በ4 የሳተላይት ጣቢያዎች ያስተላልፋል።
የኢትዮጵያ ቴሌቭዥን በቀዳማዊ አፄ ኃይለ ሥላሴ ዘመነ መንግሥት በ1962 (አውሮፓዊ) የተቋቋመው ቶምሰን በተባለው የብሪታንያ ኩባንያ በመታገዝ ነው። መደበኛ ስርጭት የተጀመረው በኖቬምበር 2 ቀን 1964 (አውሮፓዊ) ነው። በዚያው አመት በአዲስ አበባ የተካሄደውን የአፍሪካ አንድነት ድርጅት ስብሰባ ለማድመቅ ነው የተፈጠረው። የቀለም ቴሌቪዥን በሙከራ የጀመረው እ.ኤ.አ. አሁን ያለው መዋቅር እና አላማ በ1987 በአዋጅ 114/87 የተመሰረተ ነው። እ.ኤ.አ. በ 1995 ኢሬቴ (የኢትዮጵያ ሬዲዮ እና ቴሌቪዥን ድርጅት) የተፈጠረው የኢትዮጵያ ሬዲዮ እና ኢቲቪ (የኢትዮጵያ ቴሌቪዥን) ውህደት ውጤት ነው ። እ.ኤ.አ. በ2014 ቻናሉ ስሙን ከኢቲቪ ወደ ኢቢሲ ቀይሯል ፣በሂደቱም አርማውን ቀይሯል። በ2015 ኢቢሲ እና ሌሎች የክልል ቻናሎች የዜና ስቱዲዮዎቻቸውን በዘመናዊ መሳሪያዎች አሻሽለዋል። በማርች 2018 የኢቢሲ አርማ ወደ etv ተዛውሮ አዲስ ስርጭት የፍሪኩዌንሲ እና የእህት ቻናል ይዘቶችን በመስራት በኢትዮሳት እና በናይልሳት እየተላለፈ ይገኛል።
ከ1963 እስከ 1974 እ.ኤ.ኣ. ድረስ የሚከተሉት እንግሊዝኛ ፕሮግራሞች በኢትዮጵያ ተሌቪዥን ይታዩ ነበር።
ኢቲቪ ዜና ኤችዲ
ኢቴቪ ዜና (ኢቲቪ) የ24 ሰአት ሽፋን ያለው የባህል፣ፖለቲካ፣ ዘጋቢ ፊልሞች እና ኢኮኖሚ ዋና ዋና የዜና ቻናል ነው። በሌሎች ቋንቋዎች ከሚተላለፉ የዜና ክፍሎች በስተቀር በአብዛኛው በአማርኛ ይሰራጫል። ኢቴቪ ዜና (ኢቲቪ) የ24 ሰአት ሽፋን ያለው የባህል፣ፖለቲካ፣ ዘጋቢ ፊልሞች እና ኢኮኖሚ ዋና ዋና የዜና ቻናል ነው። በሌሎች ቋንቋዎች ከሚተላለፉ የዜና ክፍሎች በስተቀር በአብዛኛው በአማርኛ ይሰራጫል።
የኢቲቪ ቋንቋዎች
ኢቲቪ ቋንቋዎች በተለያዩ የኢትዮጵያ ቋንቋዎች ከ3 ዓለም አቀፍ ቋንቋዎች ጋር በዜና ላይ የሚያተኩር ቻናል ነው።
ኢቲቪ መዝናኛ HD
ኢቲቪ መዝናኛ (ኢቲቪ መዝናኛ) በድራማዎች ላይ እንዲሁም በአኗኗር ዘይቤ ላይ የሚያተኩር ቻናል ነው። ቻናሉ ቤቶች የተሰኘውን የኢትዮጵያ የመጀመሪያ ቤተሰብ ሲትኮም በማስተላለፍ ይታወቃል። ይህ ቻናል የሳሙና ኦፔራ እና የሆሊውድ ፊልሞችን ጨምሮ ብዙ ታዋቂ የውጭ ይዘቶችን ያቀርባል።
ኢቲቪ ስፖርት
ኢቲቪ ስፖርት በእንግሊዝ ፕሪሚየር ሊግ፣ በአውሮፓ ሊግ፣ በኢትዮጵያ ፕሪሚየር ሊግ እና በሌሎች አለም አቀፍ ስፖርታዊ ውድድሮች ላይ የስፖርት ግጥሚያዎችን እና ድምቀቶችን በማሰራጨት ላይ ብቻ ያተኩራል።
ፋና ኤፍ ኤም 90.0
አዋሽ ኤፍ ኤም 90.7
ዲቡብ ኤፍ ኤም 91.6
የኢትዮጵያ ብሔራዊ ሬዲዮ 93.1
አሃዱ ኤፍ ኤም 94.3
ኤፍ ኤም አዲስ 97.1
የሲቪል ሰርቪስ ኤፍ ኤም 100.5
ብስራት ኤፍ ኤም 101.1
ሸገር ኤፍ ኤም 102.1
ፀደይ ኤፍ ኤም 102.9
ኢብኮ ኤፍ ኤም 104.7
ኢትዮ ኤፍ ኤም 107.8
ጅማ ፋና ኤፍ ኤም 98.1
ኢብኮየመንግስት ሚዲያ በመሆኑ መንግስት መልህቅን በለወጠ ቁጥር እና አዘጋጆቹ የገዢውን ፓርቲ አላማ እንዲሸከሙ ከሞላ ጎደል ኮሚዩኒዝም ከመጣ ጀምሮ ኢvኮ በግርማዊ ቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሴ ዘመን የንጉሣዊ ቤተሰብ ከነበሩት ኦሪጅናል ፈጣሪዎች ተጠልፏል። ይህ ከቢቢሲ የተለየ ነው የብሪታኒያ የህዝብ ሚዲያ በመንግስት የተፈጠረ ግን እራሱን የቻለ ፣በቅርቡ የቢቢሲ የገንዘብ ድጋፍ ከእንግሊዝ ፓርላማ ተወስዶ የነበረ ቢሆንም ከመንግስት ነፃ በማድረጉ ምክንያት አሁንም ስርጭቱን ቀጥሏል ፣ኢቢሲ ጋር ሲነጻጸር የመንግስትን የገንዘብ ድጋፍ ሙሉ በሙሉ የሚወስድ እና በጀቱን የሚቀንሰው ትልቁን ሚዲያ ለመውጣት ያስከፍላል፡ ይህ ዜና በሚቀርብበት ጊዜ ሀገሪቱን በሚመራው በማንኛውም የመንግስት አካል የመንግስት ዓላማዎችን ያስፈጽማል። የሪፖርት ማነስ እና ፕሮፓጋንዳ እንዲፈጠር ምክንያት። ኢብኮ በአገሪቱ ካሉት ሚዲያዎች ሁሉ ትልቁን ድርሻ የሚይዘው ፋና ብሮድካስቲንግ ብቻ ሲሆን በራሱ የመንግስትም ነው። ከሱ የሚበልጠው ብቸኛው ሚዲያ ኢቢኤስ ነው እና በቴሌቭዥን ኢንቬስትመንት ዘርፍ ብቻ እንጂ በዜና አይደለም።
ሀዲያ (ታሪካዊ ክልል)

ሀድያ ወይም አደላ በ መካክለኛው ክፍለ ዘመን በ ደቡብ እትዮጵያ ውስጥ ከ ሽዋ በስተ ሰሜን እና ከ ሻራካ በስተ ደቡብ የሚገኝ የ ሙስሊም ግዛት ነበር። የ ሀድያ የ ሙስሊም ግዛት ነዋሪዎች በ ዋነኝነት የ ኩሺቲክ ቋንቋ ተናጋሪዎችን ማለትም የ ሀድያ፣ ሃላባ እና ቀበና ማህበረሰብን እንዲሁም እንደ ስልጤ እና ሀረር ያሉ የ ሴሜቲክ ቋንቋ ተናጋርዎች ናችው። ሀድያ በ ታሪክ ውስጥ የ አዳል ሱልጣኔት ግዛት ነበረች በመቀጠልም በ አስራ አራተኛው ክፍለ ዘመን በ አቢሲንያ መንግስት ስር ራስ ገዝ ክልል ሆና መቆየት ችላለች። በ አስራ ስድስተኞቹ ሀድያ ነጻነቷን አግኝታ በ ጋራድ ትመራ ነበር።
ግድግዳ

ግድግዳ ወይም ግንብ ቋሚ መዋቅር ሲሆን የሚያገለግለውም አንድን የተወሰነ ቦታ ለመከለል እንዲሁም ለመከላከል ነው። ይህ መዋቅር በውስጡ በር እና መስኮቶች ሊኖሩት ይችላል።
ጀጎል ግንብ

የጀጎል ግንብ በ1551-1552 በንጉስ/አሚር ኑር ቢን ሙጃሂድ እንደተገነባ የታሪክ መዛግብት ያመላክታሉ። ይህ ግንብ ከምድር ከ4-5 ሜትር ከፍታ ያለው ሲሆን ወርዱ ደግሞ ከ50-75 ሴንቲሜትር ይሰፋል። አጠቃላይ ስፋቱ 48 ሄክታር ነው። የግምቡ መፈጠር ዐቢይ ምክንያትም ሐረሪዎችን ከዘመኑ ወራሪዎች /ጦረኞች/ ለመታደግ ተብሎ እንደ ተሰራ የታሪክ ድርሳናት ያወሳሉ። ግንቡ አምስት በሮች ያሉት ሲሆን ውሃ ያለበትን አቅጣጫም ለማመልከት የተሰሩ ናቸው። የጀጎል አምስቱ ጥንታዊ ዋና ዋና በሮች:-
በሐረሪ
1, አስማጂን በሪ
2, በድሪ በሪ
3, ሱጉድአጥ በሪ
4, አርጎባ በሪ
5, አሱሚይ በሪ
በአማርኛ
1, ሸዋ በር
2, ቡዳ በር
3, ሰንጋ በር
4, ኤረር በር
5, ፈላና በር
በሀይለ ስላሴ ዘመነ መንግስት የተሰራው ዱክ በር ወይም መስፍን በር : አሁን ብዙዎቹ የሚጠሩት ሐረር በር ከጥንታዊዎቹ ጋር የማይገናኝ ነው። ብዙ ሰዎች የጥንቱን አምስት በሮች ጥሩ ሲባሉ፣ የሐረር በርንም ያካትታሉ። ባይሆን ስድስተኛው ብለን፣ በቅርቡ የተሰራ ብለን ልንጠራው እንችላለን።
የምትለብሰው የላት የምትከናነበው አማራት

የምትለብሰው የላት የምትከናነበው አማራት የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው። የምትለብሰው የላት የምትከናነበው አማራት የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው።
የምትታጠቀው የሌላት የምትከናነበው አማራት

የምትታጠቀው የሌላት የምትከናነበው አማራት የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው። የምትታጠቀው የሌላት የምትከናነበው አማራት የአማርኛ ምሳሌ ነው።
Hubat

Hubat (Harari: ሆበት Hobät), also known as Hobat, or Kubat was a historical Muslim state located in present-day eastern Ethiopia. Historically part of the Adal region alongside Gidaya and Hargaya states on the Harar plateau. Hubat is today within a district known as Adare Qadima which includes Garamuelta and its surroundings in Oromia region. The area is 30 km north west of Harar city at Hubeta, according to historian George Huntingford. Trimingham locates it as the region between Harar and Jaldessa. Archaeologist Timothy Insoll considers Harla town to be Hubat the capital of the now defunct Harla Kingdom.
According to Dr. Lapiso Delebo, Hubat was one of the Islamic states that had developed in the Horn of Africa from the ninth to fourteenth centuries. In 1288 AD Sultan Wali Asma of the Ifat Sultanate invaded Hubat following collapse of the Makḥzūmī dynasty. Hubat was also invaded by Ethiopian Emperor Amda Seyon in the early 1300s. Hubat was an Ifat protectorate in the fourteenth century and an autonomous state within Adal Sultanate in the fifteenth century.
According to Mohammed Hassen, Hubat was the stronghold of the Harla people and center of operations for fifteenth century Adal Emir Garad Abun Adashe. A siege of Hubat took place in the early sixteenth century led by the Adal Sultan Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad against rebel leader Garad Umar Din.
The sixteenth-century ruler of Adal who conquered Abyssinia, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, was born in Hubat. In his early career Ahmed defeated an Abyssinian militia at the Battle of Hubat led by Degalhan a general of Emperor Dawit II. Ahmed Ibrahim also achieved a second stunning victory over an Abyssinian raiding party led by Fanuel in Hubat which gained him fame. Merid Wolde Aregay states the Hubat and Harla principalities demonstrated ability to defeat Abyssinians meant it was necessary to replace Sultan Badlay's descendants. Hubat would later play an important role for Ahmad ibn Ibrahim in his struggle against Adal Sultan Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad. According to sixteenth century Adal writer Arab Faqīh, the ruler of Hubat was Abu Bakr Qatin during the Ethiopian-Adal war.
Hubat was invaded and settled by the Barento Oromo in the following centuries who came at loggerheads with the Adal Sultanate. The Emirate of Harar the successor state of Adal would continue to influence the region as numerous Oromo people converted to Islam during the reign of emir Abd ash-Shakur and this trend even continued following the Abyssinian annexation of the region.
List of future stadiums

The following is a list of stadiums that are either proposed or under construction, with "stadium" defined as a venue that can accommodate sports traditionally held outdoors. The list does not include indoor arenas under construction, some of which can be found at List of indoor arenas by capacity. Entirely new stadiums under construction on the same site as a demolished former stadium, plus those planned to be built on the site of a current stadium, are included. However, expansions to already-existing stadiums are not included, and neither are recently constructed venues which have opened, even though construction continues on part of the stadium.
Hararghe

Hararghe (Amharic: ሐረርጌ Harärge; Harari: ሀረርጌ፞ይ, هَرَرْݘٛىيْ,Harargêy, Oromo: Harargee, Somali: Xararge, حَرَرْگَِ) was a province of eastern Ethiopia with its capital in Harar.
Hararghe is derived from the root Harari term "Gey" which refers to the modern city of Harar. The term Hararghe was used to refer solely to the modern city of Harar prior to the invasion of the Harar Emirate by the Abyssinians in 1887.
The region consisted mostly of the territory of the Emirate of Harar annexed by Menelik II in 1887. Including Ethiopia's part of the Ogaden, Haraghe was bounded on west by Shewa, northwest by Wollo Province, northeast by French Somaliland and on the east by Somalia. Originally however Hararghe included the Sidamo, Bale and Arsi Province until Haile Selassie split the provinces. Hararghe was the historical homeland of the Harla people and often synonymous with the region of Adal.
Hararghe was altered as a result of Proclamation 1943/1, which created twelve taklai ghizats from the existing 42 provinces of varying sizes. A comparison of the two maps in Margary Perham, The Government of Ethiopia shows that Hararghe was created by combining the Sultanate of Aussa, the lands of the Karanle, Ogaden, Issa, and Gadabursi with the 1935 provinces of Chercher and Harar.
In 1960, the province south of the Shebelle River was made into its own province, Bale. With the adoption of the new constitution in 1995, Hararghe was divided between the Oromia, Afar and Somali Regions, which was given a large part, and what remained was a tiny Harari.
8°N 43°E﻿ / ﻿8°N 43°E﻿ / 8; 43
barreeysaan abdi mikail
Imi, Ethiopia

Imi (also transliterated as Imay and Hinna, Arabic: إيماني) is a town in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. It is currently divided to two separate towns. East Imi located in Imiberi woreda of the Gode Zone and West Imi located in Mirab Imi woreda of the Afder Zone. The Shebelle River runs between these towns. It's located at latitude and longitude 6°28′N 42°10′E﻿ / ﻿6.467°N 42.167°E﻿ / 6.467; 42.167 with an elevation of 442 meters above sea level.
The clans that live here are the Hawiye (Karanle) and Ogaden clan (Aulihan) (Abdalle) of the Somali people.
The Central Statistical Agency has not published an estimate for this village's 2005 population. Imi hosts an airport (ICAO code HAIM) which consists of an unpaved airstrip about 1050 meters in length, possibly the shortest in an Ethiopian civil airport.
Probably the earliest European explorer to visit Imi was Arthur Rimbaud, who was working at the time as a commercial agent in Harar for the firm of Mazeran, Vinnay and Barday. In a report of his expeditions into the "Ogadine" (or Ogaden), dated 10 December 1883, Rimbaud proposed setting up a trading post at Imi, "a large, permanent village situated on the Ogadine bank of the river, eight days from Harar by caravan."
Near Imi, Ras Makonnen Wolde Mikael's troops had suffered a grievous defeat by the Rer Amaden warriors in 1890, under the command of a tough Rer Amaden Chief Kariye Ali Farah. A British hunter Colonel Swayne, who visited Imi in February 1893, was shown "the remains of the bivouac of an enormous Abyssinian army which had been defeated some two or three years before." Italian explorers who visited Imi early in 1891 found the once prosperous village "squalid" and miserable because of raids from Harar. A local landmark in Imi is the tomb of Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, known as "Mad Mullah"; he died in 1921, but by the 1930s his tomb had become a shapeless heap of rubble.
In 1964 the Bale rebels attacked larger settlements, such as Kere and Imi and, while they failed to capture them, they succeeded in gaining control of the rest of the district as smaller posts were abandoned by government forces. Of these two, Imi was the only one which the rebels at one point captured and held briefly. Twelve years later, 17 policemen were reported killed from an attack on Imi in October 1976. During the Ogaden War, well-armed guerillas besieged Imi and other local towns.