davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Buluh semantan

Buluh semantan atau juga dikenali sebagai Buluh raya/gala/paao/seremai/telur , (nama saintifik "Gigantochloa scortechinii"), merupakan sejenis pokok dalam kategori buluh.
Rebungnya diambil untuk dijadikan sebagai makanan. Batangnya juga penting dalam kegunaan perdagangan.
Buluh kasap

Buluh kasap atau juga dikenali sebagai buluh dinding, buluh pelang, buluh nipis atau buluh telur. Nama sainsnya Schizostachyum zollingeri merupakan spesies buluh. Ia sesuai untuk digunakan bagi menghasilkan batang pengepit makanan, pencungkil gigi, atau pencucuk makanan. Ia juga boleh dijadikan sebagai pokok hiasan.
Ia juga merupakan nama pekan Buloh Kasap di Johor.
Perubatan tradisional

Perubatan tradisional (juga dikenali sebagai perubatan orang asli) merangkumi aspek perubatan pengetahuan tradisional yang berkembang dari generasi ke generasi dalam kepercayaan rakyat pelbagai masyarakat sebelum era perubatan moden. Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO) mendefinisikan perubatan tradisional sebagai "jumlah pengetahuan, kemahiran, dan praktik berdasarkan teori, kepercayaan, dan pengalaman yang berasal dari budaya yang berlainan, baik yang dapat dijelaskan atau tidak, yang digunakan untuk menjaga kesihatan juga seperti dalam pencegahan, diagnosis, peningkatan atau rawatan penyakit fizikal dan mental". Perubatan tradisional berbeza dengan perubatan saintifik.
Di beberapa negara Asia dan Afrika, sehingga 80% penduduk bergantung pada ubat tradisional untuk keperluan penjagaan kesihatan utama mereka. Apabila diadopsi di luar budaya tradisionalnya, perubatan tradisional sering dianggap sebagai bentuk perubatan alternatif. Amalan yang dikenali sebagai ubat tradisional merangkumi perubatan tradisional Eropah, perubatan tradisional Cina, sihir dan perubatan Mayongia asli (Assam), perubatan asli tradisional Assam dan kawasan lain di India NE, nattuvaidyam (perubatan asli yang diamalkan di India selatan), perubatan tradisional Korea, tradisional Perubatan Afrika, Ayurveda, perubatan Siddha, Unani, Perubatan Iran kuno, Iran (Parsi), perubatan Islam, Muti, dan Ifá. Disiplin ilmiah yang mempelajari perubatan tradisional merangkumi herba, etnomedicine, ethnobotany, dan antropologi perubatan.
Walau bagaimanapun, WHO menyatakan bahawa "penggunaan ubat-ubatan atau amalan tradisional yang tidak betul boleh memberi kesan negatif atau berbahaya" dan bahawa "penyelidikan lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memastikan keberkesanan dan keselamatan" amalan dan tanaman ubat yang digunakan oleh sistem perubatan tradisional. Akibatnya, WHO telah menerapkan strategi sembilan tahun untuk "mendukung Negara Anggota dalam mengembangkan kebijakan proaktif dan melaksanakan rencana tindakan yang akan memperkuat peranan yang dimainkan oleh ubat tradisional untuk menjaga kesihatan penduduk."
Pewaris Lagu-Lagu Tradisional

Pewaris Lagu-Lagu Tradisional merupakan album kompilasi Siti Nurhaliza terbitan Suria Records. Ia merupakan album kompilasi ketiga Siti yang memuatkan lagu-lagu Melayu tradisional selepas album Klasik dan Permata Irama yang dikeluarkan pada 2007. Album ini memuatkan satu lagu baru, "Zapin Berkasih".
Sekolah Dasar Negeri Bambu Apus 06 Pagi

Sekolah Dasar Negeri Bambu Apus 06 Pagi atau nama ringkasnya SDN Bambu Apus 06 Pagi, merupakan sebuah Sekolah Dasar Negeri Negeri yang terletak di Jln. Bambu Hijau ( Al Ikhlas ), Jakarta Timur, Indonesia.
Sekolah Dasar Negeri Bambu Apus 06 Pagi memiliki kod NPSN 20104290. Pada 2010, SDN Bambu Apus 06 Pagi memiliki 169 pelajar lelaki dan 172 pelajar perempuan, menjadikan jumlah keseluruhan murid seramai 341 orang.
Sekolah Dasar Negeri Bambu Apus 03

Sekolah Dasar Negeri Bambu Apus 03 atau nama ringkasnya SDN Bambu Apus 03, merupakan sebuah Sekolah Dasar Negeri Negeri yang terletak di Jl. Al Iklas/ Bambu Hujau 001/002, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia.
Sekolah Dasar Negeri Bambu Apus 03 memiliki kod NPSN 20104312 dan kod NSS 101016406139. Pada 2010, SDN Bambu Apus 03 memiliki 217 pelajar lelaki dan 189 pelajar perempuan, menjadikan jumlah keseluruhan murid seramai 406 orang.
Taman Alam Kuala Selangor

Taman Alam Kuala Selangor (TAKS) Ialah taman yang terletak di muara Sungai Selangor di Daerah Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia. Ia ditubuhkan oleh kerajaan negeri Selangor pada tahun 1987 dan telah dikendalikan oleh Persatuan Pencinta Alam Malaysia yang telah mencadangkan agar ia diisytiharkan sebagai tanah lembap yang mempunyai kepentingan antarabangsa.
Dengan keluasan 2.4 km (0.93 bt), taman ini ialah gabungan hutan sekunder dan tanah lembap dengan kawasan pesisir buatan manusia yang memisahkan tanah basah dari hutan. Di dalam taman itu sendiri terdapat kolam besar yang dikelilingi oleh tebing lain. Kunci air yang menghubungkan kolam dengan sungai mengawal paras air kolam.
Taman ini, sebagai sebahagian dari muara Sungai Selangor, merupakan rumah bagi sejumlah spesies burung besar seperti bangau susu dan burung bangau serta primata, iaitu monyet daun perak dan monyet ekor panjang. Kawasan ini merupakan tempat pembiakan spesies bangau susu terancam sebelum program ditangguhkan. Sebuah kandang burung yang terbengkalai masih berdiri di tengah-tengah taman.
Enggang lisut

Enggang lisut (Rhabdotorrhinus exarhatus) atau enggang Temminck, ialah spesies enggang dalam keluarga Bucerotidae. Saiznya agak kecil, berpanjang kira-kira 45 cm (18 in), dan berwarna hitam. Jantan mempunyai muka dan tekak kuning, dan paruh bercula kekuningan dengan tanda hitam. Betina mempunyai buluan hitam dan paruh yang lebih gelap.
Endemik di Indonesia, ia bertabur di tanah pamah tropika, paya, dan hutan primer di Sulawesi dan pulau-pulau berdekatan, dari aras laut ke ketinggian sehingga 1,100 meter. Terdapat dua subspesiesnya: Subspesies penama P. e. exarhatus, ditemui di Sulawesi utara, dan P. e. sanfordi, ditemui di tengah, timur, dan selatan Sulawesi, Buton, dan Pulau Muna.
Ia ialah spesies sosial yang hidup dalam kumpulan sehingga 20 individu. Adalah dipercayai bahawa hanya pasangan dominan yang membiak, manakala ahli kumpulan yang tinggal bertindak sebagai pembantu. Dietnya terdiri terutamanya daripada buah-buahan, buah ara, dan serangga. Betina mengurung dirinya di dalam lubang pokok untuk bertelur. Pada masa tersebut, jantan dan pembantu menyediakan makanan untuk betina dan anak-anak.
Meluas dan biasa di seluruh julat peribuminya, ia dinilai sebagai terjejas dalam Senarai Merah Spesies Terancam IUCN.
Ia merupakan salah satu enggang terjaga dengan baik di zoo. Terdapat tiga pihak yang kini membiakkannya: Whipsnade (England), Avifauna (Belanda), dan San Diego (AS). Di Whipsnade, ia disimpan di kawasan taman burung. Di San Diego, terdapat dua pasangan, satu di laluan pejalan kaki Parker Aviary dan satu lagi di kandang burung kecil berdekatan.
Zoo Shanghai

Taman Zoologi Shanghai ( simplified Chinese ), atau secara ringkasnya dikenali sebagai Zoo Shanghai, merupakan taman zoologi utama di Shanghai. Ia terletak berhampiran perbandaran Hongqiao (dahulunya Hung-Jao) dan secara pentadbirannya di Daerah Changning . Zoo Shanghai dahulunya dikenali sebagai " Taman Xijiao " (atau " Taman Pinggir Bandar Barat ") ( simplified Chinese ), yang masih merupakan nama biasa yang digunakan masyarakat tempatan untuk zoo.
Kawasan yang kini dikenali sebagai Zoo Shanghai mula dibangunkan sebagai kandang kuda pada tahun 1890. Pada tahun 1914, kandang kuda itu telah dibeli oleh konsortium pedagang, dan pada tahun 1916 ia telah ditukar menjadi Kelab Golf Hung-Jao, salah satu kelab golf terbesar di Shanghai. Seperti kebanyakan kelab milik asing yang lain, hartanya pada 1953 disambung semula oleh kerajaan baharu, selepas Parti Komunis China mengambil alih Shanghai pada 1949. Pada tahun 1954, bekas padang golf itu dibuka kepada orang ramai pada tahun 1954 sebagai "Taman Xijiao". Pada tahun 1959, satu siri kandang haiwan telah dibina dan taman itu telah diperluaskan. Pada tahun 1980, taman itu dinamakan semula sebagai "Taman Zoologi Shanghai".
Selepas setengah abad pembangunan, Zoo Shanghai telah menjadi salah satu taman ekologi terbaik di Shanghai. Zoo ini menempatkan dan mempamerkan lebih daripada 6,000 ekor haiwan, antaranya ialah 600 haiwan China yang termasuk panda gergasi, monyet hidung mancung emas, singa, harimau China Selatan, hoopoe, bulbul hitam, burung enggang besar dan unta Baktria . Haiwan dari bahagian lain di dunia termasuk cimpanzi, zirafah, kuda belang, kanggaru, gorila, lemur ekor cincin, marmoset biasa, monyet labah-labah, oryx bertanduk pedang, anjing liar afrika, babun zaitun, mandrill, lynx Kanada dan berawak . Zoo sentiasa membangunkan dan menambah baik kandang haiwan untuk menyediakan persekitaran yang lebih baik untuk haiwan dan pengalaman yang menyeronokkan untuk pelawat.
Reka bentuk padang golf asal pada dasarnya telah dipelihara. Terdapat sejumlah 100,000 pokok dengan hampir 600 spesis ditanam di zoo. Kawasan hijau dan rumput meliputi kawasan seluas 100,000 meter persegi. Pihak zoo berusaha untuk mewujudkan persekitaran yang mesra ekologi untuk haiwan - 'Swan Lake' dengan rumpun buluh semula jadi dan pokok yang memberi naungan kepada burung pelikan, angsa, angsa hitam, bangau malam dan burung lain.
Zoo Shanghai menyediakan kawasan untuk hiburan dan riadah, peluang untuk pelawat meningkatkan pengetahuan mereka tentang pelbagai haiwan dan menggabungkannya dengan penyelidikan saintifik dan teknikal untuk membantu orang ramai memahami dan melindungi haiwan dengan lebih baik. Sejak zoo itu ditubuhkan, ia telah menjadi dikunjungi lebih daripada 150,000,000 orang pengunjung.
Matlamat Zoo Shanghai adalah untuk membolehkan pelawat pergi dengan pemahaman dan penghargaan yang lebih baik untuk haiwan dan persekitaran mereka.
Rumah Cacak Burung

Rumah Cacak Burung adalah salah satu rumah tradisional suku Banjar (rumah Banjar) di Kalimantan Selatan, binaan bangunan induk yang memanjang dari muka ke belakang memakai atap pelana (bahasa Banjar : atap balai laki) sedangkan sayap bangunan (anjung) memakai atap perisai (bahasa Banjar : atap gajah). Bentuk anjung yang menggunakan atap model ini dinamakan "Anjung Surung" sehingga rumah Cacak Burung juga dinamakan juga Rumah ba-anjung surung (Rumah Anjung Surung).
Cacak Burung adalah lambang sihir penolak bala yang berbentuk tanda + (positif), karena binaan bangunan ini berbentuk + (tanda tambah), maka dinamakan pula rumah Cacak Burung.
Keterangan :
Contoh :
Ruangan yang berturut-turut dari depan ke belakang
Menurut Tim Muskala Depdikbud Kalsel yang pernah mengadakan penelitian rumah Cacak Burung menyatakan bahawa : " Bagian muka Paluaran beratap jurai dengan dahi lancip, bersungkul. Serambi pamedangan beratap pisang sasikat, dengan tangga naik. Anjung kiri-kanan diberi atap jurai menghalang atap jurai paluran dan kadang-kadang lebih tinggi letaknya".
Dalam penulisan lainnya Tim Muskala Depdikbud Kalsel menyatakan bahwa :
Rumah Kutai

Rumah Kutaii merupakan rumah tradisional Melayu di Perak, Malaysia. Rumah ini banyak terdapat berhampiran dengan tebing sungai Perak iaitu di Daerah Tengah, Hilir Perak dan Kuala Kangsar
Rumah Kutai ialah rumah berbumbung panjang. Di sudut dinding tepinya dipasang tabir layar yang dibuat dari pelupuh yang berkelarai manakala di bawah kaki tebar layar terdapat pula alang para buang (peran) iaitu merupakan ruang yang beratap dan berlantai sebagai tempat menyimpan barang-barang.
Rumah Kutai mengandungi 12 ataupun 16 tiang pada rumah ibunya. Rumah ibu pula terdiri dari ruang serambi, ruang tamu dan bilik. Di sebelah belakangnya ialah rumah dapur yang di pisahkan oleh ruang dapur yang di pisahkan oleh ruang selang yang tidak beratap. Bahan-bahan binaan ialah dari kayu dan buluh. Kayu digunakan untuk tiang dan rangka bumbung manakala dindingnya dari pelupuh dan atapnya ialah atap rumbia.
Terdapat juga rumah Kutai yang tidak memiliki dinding pembahagi bilik, sebaliknya, menggunakan kain langsir sebagai pembahagi ruang bilik.
Warisan Seni Bina Dunia Melayu Rumah-Rumah Tradisional

Buku Warisan Seni Bina Dunia Melayu Rumah-Rumah Tradisional ditulis oleh Mohamad Tajuddin Mohamad Rasdi, Kamaruddin Mohd. Ali, Syed Ahmad Iskandar Syed Ariffin, Ra’alah Mohamad dan Gurupiah Mursib dan diterbitkan pada tahun 2010 pada harga RM 45.00. Ia diterbitkan oleh Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Press dengan nombor ISBN 983-52-0328-8, cetakan setebal 260 muka surat halaman. Buku ini dicetak dalam Bahasa Melayu.
Apungan (magnet)

Apungan magnet, ampaian magnet atau maglev ialah satu kaedah untuk mengapungkan sebuah objek tanpa apa jua sokongan kecuali medan-medan magnet. Daya elektromagnet digunakan untuk melawan tindak balas daya graviti.
Teori Earnshaw membuktikan dengan muktamad bahawa apungan yang stabil boleh dicapai menggunakan medan-medan elektromagnet yang pegun dan makroskopik. Daya-daya yang dikenakan ke atas sesebuah objek dalam apa jua gabungan medan graviti, elektrostatik mahupun magnetostatik akan menjadikan kedudukan objek itu tidak stabil. Namun, beberapa kebarangkalian wujud untuk menjadikan apungan boleh dijayakan, sebagai contoh, penggunaan penstabil elektronik atau bahan-bahan diamagnet.
Terdapat beberapa cara untuk menghasilkan apungan magnet. Kaedah utama ialah apungan elektromagnet (elektromagnetic suspension, EMS), apungan elektrodinamik (electrodynamic suspension, EDS) dan juga Inductrack.
Jika dua magnet dikekang secara mekanikal sepanjang satu paksi menegak (sehelai tali misalnya) dan disusun untuk menolak antara satu sama lain, ia akan membolehkan satu magnet terapung di atas yang satu lagi. Kaedah ini dipanggil apungan pseudo.
Jika anda melihat rencana yang menggunakan templat {{tunas}} ini, gantikanlah dengan templat tunas yang lebih spesifik.
Chankalun

Karen Chan (born July 31, 1988), known by her artist name Chankalun, is a neon designer, set designer, exhibition designer, and a visual artist. She is among the few neon practitioners in Hong Kong.
In 2018 she established Ceekayello, a Hong Kong–based art-design studio focused on exhibition and art-related projects, and in 2019 she founded HKCRAFTS, a non-profit arts organization that promotes and preserves Hong Kong culture and heritage.
Chankalun was born in Hong Kong in 1988. She studied in the UK at Headington School and in the US at Parsons School of Design.
In 2019 she took an interest in disappearing trades and crafts from Hong Kong, such as birdcage making and mahjong tile carving, and then founded HKCRAFTS, a non-governmental organization that hosts workshops to promote fading traditions.
In 2020, Chankalun organized an exhibition in a moving tram from Hong Kong Tramways, with the stated aim to pay tribute to traditional handicrafts.
Chankalun focuses on experimental neon-crafting techniques, influenced by her international education and mentors. She was the apprentice of Dutch neon artist Remy de Feyter and Hongkongese neon bender Master Wong Kin-wah, one of Hong Kong’s last original neon makers.
Chankalun started neon crafting in order to preserve this dying craft and elevate it to suit modern-day sensibilities. Many streets of Hong Kong that used to be full of neon had already been stripped bare or replaced by LEDs and Chankalun saw a need for a concerted effort to preserve and evolve the craft. She hopes to reconstruct Hong Kong’s neon ecosystem.
Commissioned by Swiss luxury cosmetic brand La Prairie, Chankalun produced in early 2023 several art installations, including a large-scale art installation, named Light as Air, inspired by the natural landscape of Montreux. It has been exhibited during Art Basel Hong Kong at Tai Kwun Parade Ground, a prominent outdoor location on Hong Kong Island. In her constant effort to produce eco-friendly installations, Chankalun used up-cycled glass, as well as La Prairie’s White Caviar waste materials.
Classic Craft, Modern Meaning exhibition created by Chankalun about local crafts and hosted in a moving tram from Hong Kong, received a gold award in Sky Design awards
Haiijaii, (meaning breathe in Thai), a light installation exhibited at Wonderfruit festival and fueled by data of air quality index collected from various locations around the world, won bronze Sky Design awards. The project was carried out by neon artist Chankalun, curator Adulaya Kim Hoontrakul, visual artist Frédéric Bussière and multimedia designer Santipab Somboon.
Light as Air, commissioned by La Prairie for Art Basel Hong Kong 2023 at 大館 Tai Kwun has received the prestigious LIT Lighting Design Awards in the "Entertainment Light Design", notably, as the only winner from Hong Kong in this category, for both the "Outdoor Light Art Installation" and "Conceptual Lighting Installation" subcategories.
Grovelands Park

51°37′58″N 0°6′55″W﻿ / ﻿51.63278°N 0.11528°W﻿ / 51.63278; -0.11528
Grovelands Park is a public park in Southgate and Winchmore Hill, London, that originated as a private estate. The park is Grade II* listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.
Grovelands, the house on the western side of the park, is Grade I listed on the National Heritage List for England.
The mansion, which was initially called 'Southgate Grove', was built in 1797–98 to the designs of John Nash for Walker Gray, a Quaker brewer. The grounds were landscaped by Humphry Repton. In 1816 the building was described as being "a regular building of Ionic order, and presents a fine example of that beautiful style". Lucinda Lambton has called the building an "idiosyncratically flounced, classical villa", and mentions that the owner bought much of the parkland to avoid the sight of other people's chimneys. She goes on to describe the interior: "Inside, there survives one of the most delicate delights in all London: Nash's octagonal dining-room, painted as if you are in a bamboo birdcage, looking out through the bars at the fields, woods and sky."
After Gray's death the property was acquired by John Donnithorne Taylor (connected to the Taylor Walker & Co Brewery), whose family continued to live at Grovelands up to the First World War.
Part of the estate was purchased by the Municipal Borough of Southgate in 1913 to become a public park. The house is part of the Priory Hospital Group. In 1998, General Augusto Pinochet was held under house arrest initially in Grovelands House while a patient at the Priory Hospital.
Grovelands Park was designated Grade II* Listed in October 1987, and has been on Historic England's Heritage at Risk Register since 2009. Historic England describe the park as highly vulnerable with "significant localised problems" and the trend of further decline. They believe the issues are caused due to the fragmented management of the park due to the number of landowners. A "historic environment assessment" commissioned by the Enfield London Borough Council in 2008, provided priorities and guidelines for landowners when carrying out "repairs and restoration".
In 2013 Enfield Council revealed several concepts to improve the park, including refurbishing existing sports facilities, opening up disused land owned by Thames Water, and the provision of a new primary school.
Enfield Council reassured residents that the park they currently have access to will not be built on or reduced in size. The council has stated that: "Options include locating the new school in the area near to existing tennis courts whilst restoring and extending the existing tennis provision which may involve an artificial turfed surface."
The terrapins in the lake were believed to be the descendants of discarded pets that were able to survive and breed. Feral terrapins are a recurring problem in many London waterways.
The park is home to a Parkrun.
In the Beginning (Blazin' Squad album)

In the Beginning is the debut studio album by British ten-piece hip-hop group Blazin' Squad. The album was released on 25 November 2002 in the United Kingdom through East West Records. It peaked at number 33 on the UK Albums Chart. The album contains the top 10 singles "Crossroads", "Love on the Line" and the double A-side "Reminisce" / "Where the Story Ends". The album features the radio edit of "Crossroads", running at 3:10, instead of the full-length version, which runs at 3:50.
Notes
Ian Sinclair (voice actor)

Ian Sinclair (born March 2, 1984) is an American voice actor and voice director. He provides voices for English versions of Japanese anime series and video games. Some of his major roles include Toraji Ishida in Bamboo Blade; Dallas Genoard in Baccano!; Douglas Rosenberg in El Cazador de la Bruja; Takeru Oyama in Maken-ki!; Brook in the Funimation dub of One Piece; Juzo Sakakura in the Danganronpa series; Whis in Dragon Ball Super, and the title characters in Toriko and Space Dandy. In addition he performs the voice in video games the likes of Battleborn, Zaveid in Tales of Zestiria, Baron Flynt in Borderlands, Professor Nakayama and Jimbo Hodunk in Borderlands 2, and Berkut in Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows of Valentia. Ian was in the English Dub cast as Yasuda in Shin Godzilla.
Sinclair was born in Dallas, Texas, U.S.A. on March 2, 1984. He is half-Canadian. Sinclair has been voice acting since he was studying theatre in college. After that, he had been working as an actor in Dallas, and occasionally in Los Angeles. Sinclair has also directed Spice and Wolf II, Black Butler I & II, Initial D, and Shana movie.
Gambrel

A gambrel or gambrel roof is a usually symmetrical two-sided roof with two slopes on each side. The upper slope is positioned at a shallow angle, while the lower slope is steep. This design provides the advantages of a sloped roof while maximizing headroom inside the building's upper level and shortening what would otherwise be a tall roof, as well as reducing the span of each set of rafters. The name comes from the Medieval Latin word gamba, meaning horse's hock or leg. The term gambrel is of American origin, the older, European name being a curb (kerb, kirb) roof.
Europeans historically did not distinguish between a gambrel roof and a mansard roof but called both types a mansard. In the United States, various shapes of gambrel roofs are sometimes called Dutch gambrel or Dutch Colonial gambrel with bell-cast eaves, Swedish, German, English, French, or New England gambrel.
The cross-section of a gambrel roof is similar to that of a mansard roof, but a gambrel has vertical gable ends instead of being hipped at the four corners of the building. A gambrel roof overhangs the façade, whereas a mansard normally does not.
Gambrel is a Norman English word, sometimes spelled gambol such as in the 1774 Boston carpenters' price book (revised 1800). Other spellings include gamerel, gamrel, gambril, gameral, gambering, cambrel, cambering, chambrel referring to a wooden bar used by butchers to hang the carcasses of slaughtered animals. Butcher's gambrels, later made of metal, resembled the two-sloped appearance of a gambrel roof when in use.
Gambrel is also a term for the joint in the upper part of a horse's hind leg, the hock.
In 1858, Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. wrote:
An earlier reference from the Dictionary of Americanisms, published in 1848, defines gambrel as "A hipped roof of a house, so called from the resemblance to the hind leg of a horse which by farriers is termed the gambrel." Webster's Dictionary also confusingly used the term hip in the definition of this roof.
The term is also used for a single mansard roof in France and Germany. In Dutch the term 'two-sided mansard roof' is used for gambrel roofs.
The origin of the gambrel roof form in North America is unknown. The oldest known gambrel roof in America was on the second Harvard Hall at Harvard University built in 1677. Possibly the oldest surviving house in the U.S. with a gambrel roof is the c. 1677–78 Peter Tufts House. The oldest surviving framed house in North America, the Fairbanks House, has an ell with a gambrel roof, but this roof was a later addition.
Claims to the origin of the gambrel roof form in North America include:
Ice dam (roof)

An ice dam is an ice build-up on the eaves of sloped roofs of heated buildings that results from melting snow under a snow pack reaching the eave and freezing there. Freezing at the eave impedes the drainage of meltwater, which adds to the ice dam and causes backup of the meltwater, which may cause water leakage into the roof and consequent damage to the building and its contents if the water leaks through the roof.
Ice dams occur on heated buildings with sloping roofs in cold climates with deep snow accumulation. Ice dams on roofs form when accumulated snow forms an insulating layer under cold conditions that would cause the freezing point to be within the snow layer, if it were not subject to melting. Instead, building heat coming through the roof's surface melts the snow resting on it. This causes meltwater to flow down the roof, until it reaches below a place on the roof's surface that is below freezing—typically at the eaves where there is no building heat. When the meltwater reaches the frozen surface, ice accumulates, growing a barrier that impedes further passage of meltwater off the roof. Ice dams may result in leaks through the roofing material, possibly resulting in damaged ceilings, walls, roof structure and insulation, or injury when the ice dam falls off or from attempts to remove ice dams.
The melting of roof snow comes from the combination of three basic causes:
If any of these factors is absent, ice dams cannot form. Above freezing air does not promote ice dams, nor does granulated spring snow on a roof, which has poor insulating capabilities, nor does a roof that doesn't warm to above freezing at its surface. Ice dams may occur when the under-roof temperature is above 30 °F (−1 °C) and the outdoor air temperature is below 22 °F (−6 °C).
Ice dams on sloped roofs can be mitigated in several ways:
When an ice dam occurs there are some maintenance options to remove it:
Assuring integrity of the roof's waterproofing prevents leaks and consequent damage.
Scorpion Gulch

Located in South Mountain Park in Phoenix, Arizona, Scorpion Gulch was built as a home and store by William Lunsford. Lunsford's store sold curios, Indigenous-made items, sodas, and candy. It was still in operation in 1966, when Lunsford was 75. In the 1970s, it became a bar. According to the Phoenix Historic Property Register, Scorpion Gulch was built in 1936, and was first listed on the historic preservation register in October 1990. Historical photographs show a sign on the original building entitled, "South Mountain Trading Post", under which jewelry, Indian curios, and leather goods are advertised.
Today, Scorpion Gulch, and its neighboring building are open to the public. Located at 10225 S. Central Ave, Scorpion Gulch is easily accessible and visible while driving South Central Avenue toward South Mountain. The roofs of both buildings are almost all but entirely gone, either for safety, or nature's toll. It is rumored that the building was burned at one point in its history; however, this is not evident by looking at either of the buildings themselves.
The city of Phoenix Parks and Recreation Department began "stabilization" work on Scorpion Gulch and the building surrounding it in November 2012. The work was scheduled to be completed in February 2013. The roof of the building labeled, Scorpion Gulch" has been removed, and the wood window frames of the various structures has been replaced.
33°21′13″N 112°04′28″W﻿ / ﻿33.3536°N 112.0744°W﻿ / 33.3536; -112.0744
Frieda and Henry J. Neils House

The Frieda and Henry J. Neils House is a house in Minneapolis designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. The home was designed for Henry J. Neils, a stone and architectural materials distributor, and his wife Frieda. It is unusual for a Wright-designed home both in the type of stone used as well as in its aluminum window framing.
The Neils approached Wright in 1949 to help build a new home on property adjacent to their existing home, overlooking Cedar Lake. The home was designed through close collaboration between the architect and the Neils who were knowledgeable about architecture. It was Wright's only home to use marble walls: the small marble blocks were left over from other marble projects, and Henry Neil, who was a trustee of a marble company, was able to acquire them at a good price and convince Wright to use the material; however, the color of the completed walls did not satisfy either Wright or the Neils, and some of the blocks were later stained. Unlike Wright's normal use of wooden window frames, the home used aluminum frames made by Neils' company.
The house was designed in Wright's post-World War II Usonian architecture, with the goal of "affordable, beautiful housing for a democratic America." The L-shaped, one-story home's floor plan features a dominant living room and social and spatial separation into "active" and "quiet" areas. The short side of the L consists of the "active" portion, centering on a living room with 17-foot (5.2 m)-high vaulted ceiling and views of Cedar Lake; the "quiet" portion is the long side ending in a three-car carport and has bedrooms as well as a gallery leading to a hidden main entrance.
Located on 2801 Burnham Boulevard, the home is visible from public streets but remains privately owned by members of the Neils family.
Bamboo cultivation

Bamboo forestry (also known as bamboo farming, cultivation, agriculture or agroforestry) is a cultivation and raw material industry that provides the raw materials for the broader bamboo industry, worth over 72 billion dollars globally in 2019.
Historically a dominant raw material in South and South East Asia, the global bamboo industry has significantly grown in recent decades in part because of the high sustainability of bamboo as compared to other biomass cultivation strategies, such as traditional timber forestry. For example, as of 2016, the U.S. Fiber corporation Resource Fiber is contracting farmers in the United States for bamboo cultivation. Or in 2009, United Nations Industrial Development Organization published guidelines for cultivation of bamboo in semi-arid climates in Ethiopia and Kenya.
Because bamboo can grow on otherwise marginal land, bamboo can be profitably cultivated in many degraded lands. Moreover, because of the rapid growth, bamboo is an effective climate change mitigation and carbon sequestration crop, absorbing between 100 and 400 tonnes of carbon per hectare (40–160 tonnes per acre). In 1997, an international intergovernmental organization was established to promote the development of bamboo cultivation, the International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation.
Bamboo is harvested from both cultivated and wild stands, and some of the larger bamboos, particularly species in the genus Phyllostachys, are known as "timber bamboos". Bamboo is typically harvested as a source material for construction, food, crafts and other manufactured goods.
Bamboo cultivation in South, South East Asia and East Asia stretches back thousands of years. One practice, in South Korea, has been designated as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems.
Universitas Chicago

Universitas Chicago (biasanya disebut sebagai UChicago, bahasa Inggris: The University of Chicago) adalah sebuah universitas swasta, yang terletak di tepi danau Michigan dan Chicago Loop di kota Chicago, Illinois, Amerika Serikat. Universitas Chicago didirikan oleh pengusaha minyak dermawan bernama John D. Rockefeller pada tahun 1890; William Rainey Harper menjadi presiden atau rektor pertama pada tahun 1891 dan kelas-kelas pertama diadakan pada tahun 1892. Universitas Chicago merupakan salah satu perguruan tinggi paling prestisius berdasarkan peringkat nasional dan internasional. Universitas Chicago juga memiliki kampus tambahan di London, Paris, Beijing, Delhi, dan Hong Kong.
Para mahasiswa, alumni, dan dosen Universitas Chicago telah memainkan peran utama dalam pengembangan banyak disiplin akademis, termasuk ekonomi, hukum, sastra, matematika, agama, sosiologi, dan ilmu politik, yang mencetuskan aliran pemikiran di berbagai bidang ilmu seperti mazhab ekonomi chicago dan mazhab arsitektur chicago.
Departemen Fisika Chicago dan Met Lab membantu mengembangkan reaksi nuklir mandiri buatan manusia pertama di dunia yaitu Chicago Pile-1, yang merupakan bagian terpenting dari pengembangan Proyek Manhattan yang diklasifikasikan sebagai upaya Perang Dunia II.
Upaya penelitian universitas termasuk administrasi Laboratorium Akselerator Nasional Fermi dan Laboratorium Nasional Argonne, serta Laboratorium Biologi Laut. Universitas ini juga merupakan rumah bagi University of Chicago Press, pers universitas terbesar di Amerika Serikat. Dengan perkiraan tanggal penyelesaian 2021, Pusat Presidensial Barack Obama akan ditempatkan di universitas dan mencakup perpustakaan kepresidenan Obama dan kantor-kantor Yayasan Obama.
Alumni ternama asal Indonesia
41°47′23″N 87°35′59″W﻿ / ﻿41.78972°N 87.59972°W﻿ / 41.78972; -87.59972
Konser Kelulusan

Konser kelulusan (Graduation Concert atau 卒業コンサート) adalah sebuah konser yang diadakan untuk pelepasan seorang member/personil, baik dari AKB48, SKE48, NMB48, HKT48, JKT48, STU48, TPE48, BNK48, MNL48, SGO48, maupun Nogizaka46.
Konser kelulusan biasanya diadakan di tempat seperti Stadion maupun Hall dengan kapasitas penonton yang banyak.
Member biasanya mengumumkan kelulusan mereka dari grup sebagai pengumuman mengejutkan di akhir pertunjukan theater.
Namun, tidak jarang metode lain untuk pengumuman kelulusan meliputi:
Alasan kelulusan bisa bervariasi. Alasan umum meliputi:
Upacara kelulusan member biasanya terdiri dari pertunjukan theater terakhir (Last Show), setelah itu member mengambil fotonya dari dinding potret theater.
Khusus untuk para Member Senbatsu, biasanya sering mendapatkan segmen konser kelulusan mereka di luar upacara theater. Konser penuh dapat didedikasikan untuk member yang lulus jika member tersebut sangat penting bagi grup tersebut.
Tanggal kinerja akhir member biasanya tergantung pada waktu masa habis kontrak sang member yang bersangkutan. Namun, khusus Member Senbatsu (member yang dianggap penting), waktu kinerja akhir ditentukan oleh manajemen, biasanya mundur dari waktu akhir masa kontraknya, baik dalam hitungan bulan bahkan tahun.
Dalam beberapa kasus, member yang lulus masih wajib menghadiri acara jabat tangan (handshake event) setelah penampilan terakhir mereka.
Upacara kelulusan adalah bagi member yang ditentukan dari kriteria:
Daftar Upacara kelulusan:
Special Show bukanlah merupakan konser kelulusan, melainkan hanyalah sebuah konser biasa, namun didalamnya terdapat member yang kelulusannya bersamaan dengan pelaksanaan sebuah konser. Dalam arti, member tersebut hanya mendapatkan kesempatan show terakhir dalam konser tersebut.
The Architecture of Love

The Architecture of Love adalah sebuah film drama romantis Indonesia tahun 2024 yang disutradarai oleh Teddy Soeriaatmadja. Film ini berdasarkan novel berjudul sama karya Ika Natassa. Film yang tayang di bioskop Indonesia pada 30 April 2024 ini dibintangi oleh Putri Marino, Nicholas Saputra, Jerome Kurnia, Jihane Almira, dan Omar Daniel.
Seorang penulis populer bernama Raia mengalami kebuntuan menulis setelah bercerai dengan suaminya, Alam. Raia pun memutuskan untuk mencari inspirasi di Kota New York, Amerika Serikat.
Meski sudah di New York, Raia tak kunjung memulai karya barunya hingga ia dipertemukan dengan River, seorang arsitek yang misterius. Pertemuan pertama mereka menciptakan pertemuan-pertemuan selanjutnya.
Mereka memutuskan untuk mengitari kota big apple itu bersama. Raia mencari inspirasi untuk karyanya, sedang River mencari inspirasi untuk sketsanya. Kegiatan itu menjadi bagian dari kehidupan sehari-hari mereka sampai mengundang tanda tanya akan pilihan masing-masing.
Toyota New Global Architecture

Toyota New Global Architecture (disingkat TNGA) merupakan platform kendaraan modular yang digunakan oleh Toyota dan Lexus. Platform TNGA mengakomodasi berbagai ukuran kendaraan dan juga berbagai konfigurasi penggerak roda.
Di Indonesia, kendaraan Toyota dengan platform TNGA pertama kali dijual pada bulan April 2018 dengan C-HR, kemudian disusul dengan Camry (XV70) pada bulan Januari 2019, Corolla Altis (E210) pada bulan September 2019, Corolla Cross pada bulan Juli 2020, Voxy (R90) dan Land Cruiser (J300) pada bulan Januari 2022, bZ4X dan Kijang Innova Zenix (AG10) pada bulan November 2022.
Platform TNGA-B ditawarkan dalam ukuran subkompak dengan mesin melintang dan konfigurasi penggerak roda depan atau semua roda. Platform ini menggantikan Toyota B Platform.
Penggunaan:
Platform TNGA-C ditawarkan dalam ukuran kompak dengan mesin melintang dan konfigurasi penggerak roda depan atau semua roda. Platform ini menggantikan Toyota MC Platform.
Penggunaan:
Platform TNGA-K ditawarkan dalam ukuran sedang dengan mesin melintang dan konfigurasi penggerak roda depan atau semua roda. Platform ini menggantikan Toyota K Platform.
Penggunaan:
Platform TNGA-N ditawarkan dengan mesin longitudinal dan konfigurasi penggerak roda belakang atau semua roda. Platform ini menggantikan Toyota N Platform.
Penggunaan:
Platform TNGA-L ditawarkan dengan mesin longitudinal dan konfigurasi penggerak roda belakang atau semua roda. Platform ini digunakan secara eksklusif pada kendaraan mewah Lexus.
Penggunaan:
Daihatsu New Global Architecture berasal dari TNGA dan saat ini digunakan secara eksklusif pada kei car dan subkompak Daihatsu, beberapa di antaranya dijual dengan merek Toyota dan Subaru.
Penggunaan:
Citra Niaga

Citra Niaga merupakan kawasan pusat perdagangan di Kota Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur dengan luas sekitar 2,7 hektare yang dirancang untuk menyediakan tempat usaha bagi pedagang kecil (60%) serta pedagang besar dan menengah (40%). Citra Niaga dibangun pada tanggal 27 Agustus 1987. Lokasinya adalah bekas tempat bernama Taman Hiburan Gelora yang terbakar. Kondisi saat itu jumlah penduduk Samarinda baru sekitar 300.000 orang dan memerlukan pusat belanja dan rekreasi. Awal dari alasan kawasan ini didirikan adalah sebagai peremajaan kawasan sekitar, yang kemudian diinterpetasikan sebagai usaha untuk mengubah citra dan wajah salah satu kawasan tua, kumuh, padat, buruk, kotor, tidak terukur di Samarinda menjadi kawasan perdagangan baru yang bersih, fungsional dan berestetika. Pusat Kegiatan karya arsitek Antonio Ismael ini pernah memperoleh perhargaan internasional Aga Khan Award for Architecture (AKAA) pada tahun 1989. Saat itu Citra Niaga bersaing dengan kandidat Bandara Soekarno-Hatta dan akhirnya Citra Niaga-lah yang terpilih menerima penghargaan tersebut.
Sebagian bangunan Citra Niaga di sisi timur telah mengalami perubahan fungsi. Bangunan berlantai dua dengan struktur permanen tersebut awalnya memiliki gang (alley) di bagian dalam yang bisa dilalui pengunjung dengan penghawaan alami. Selanjutnya seluruh bagian tersebut ditutup dan berubah menjadi sebuah department store yang tertutup. Menyisakan bagian barat untuk pedagang kecil dan plaza di tengah.
Citra Niaga mengalami kebakaran pada 31 Oktober 2006 dan kemudian dibangun kembali namun tidak persis sama dengan kondisi awal dibangun dan merupakan pusat kerajinan tradisional di kota Samarinda. Perubahan terjadi pada bahan bangunan dimana sebelumnya seluruh bahan dinding dan atap dari sirap kayu ulin, diganti dengan bahan-bahan non kayu dan non kayu ulin.
Zona Perdagangan Citra Niaga dibagi menjadi 3 zona, diantaranya kuning yaitu area perukoan (rumah-toko), hijau yaitu area kios kecil, dan biru sebagai area toko pedagang, sementara plaza berada ditengah (centre) kawasan. Persyaratan fungsional bangunan ini terdiri dari:
Crushology 101

Crushology 101 (Hangul: 바니와 오빠들) adalah seri televisi Korea Selatan yang dibintangi oleh Roh Jeong-eui, Lee Chae-min, dan Jo Joon-young. Drama ini menggambarkan kisah asmara Bunny yang mencari pacar setelah hubungan pertamanya yang kelam, dan dia terjerat dengan pria-pria menarik yang tiba-tiba mendekatinya. Drama ini dijadwalkan tayang perdana di MBC TV pada paruh pertama tahun 2025.
Universitas Indonesia railway station

Universitas Indonesia Station (UI) is a railway station located in Pondok Cina, Beji, Depok, West Java, Indonesia. The station is located on the eastern perimeter of University of Indonesia complex, between Pondok Cina Station and Universitas Pancasila Station. This station is one of two railway stations serving University of Indonesia along with Pondok Cina Station, about 1 kilometer to the south which is located closer to the university rectorate building.
KRL Commuterline passenger at the station are dominated by the University of Indonesia students and local people who live around the campus area. Its position inside the campus environment causes the frequency of crowds inside the station to be seen only during the hours of entering and leaving the office/campus. Unlike the stations located on the Manggarai-Depok route, whose canopy forms the letter Y, the canopy for UI Station (and also Tebet Station) forms the letter T.
Since 1 August 2019 Universitas Indonesia Station, together with Sudirman, Palmerah, Cikini, and Taman Kota Stations, officially abolished the sale of single trip cards (Guaranteed Daily Tickets/Tiket Harian Berjaminan or THB) for KRL Commuterline passengers. This is due to the majority of KRL Commuterline passengers are used to using multi-trip cards and electronic money. In this way, long queues to buy KRL tickets can be cut. However, service users can still tap-in/tap-out with THB at the station.
Universitas Indonesia Station has two railway tracks.
The following is a list of train services at the Universitas Indonesia Station.
About 50 meters from the station there is a bus stop for the Yellow Bus, a transportation on the University of Indonesia's campus for transportation between faculties.
Saleh Djamhari

Saleh As'ad Djamhari (12 March 1938 – 26 May 2017) was an Indonesian military historian and army officer. He served for thirty years in the Indonesian Army as a military historian, reaching the rank of colonel, and later became a lecturer of history at the University of Indonesia.
Saleh As'ad Djamhari was born in Malang on 12 March 1938. His father, Djamhari, was a Nahdlatul Ulama member who was recruited into the Defenders of the Homeland militia, and fought in the Indonesian National Revolution as a company commander. After Indonesian independence, Djamhari graduated from high school in Malang and studied literature at Gadjah Mada University, receiving a bachelor's degree in 1962.
He continued his studies at the University of Indonesia (UI), where he graduated with a master's of literature in 1965. At that time of his graduation, he was working in UI's history and anthropology department as a staffer. According to Djamhari in a 2014 interview, his inspiration to work as a historian came from his graduation ceremony in 1965, which Sukarno presided over. Djamhari stated that he noticed Untung Syamsuri, who three days later would launch a coup attempt, standing next to Sukarno, and Djamhari became inspired to work in military history after the coup.
In 1967, Djamhari enlisted in the Indonesian Army due to an invitation by military academic Nugroho Notosusanto. Djamhari had been Notosusanto's assistant. He took a course in military history within the army in 1974, and eventually reached the rank of colonel. His time in the army ended in 1997, after which he resumed his studies at UI, receiving a doctorate in 2002. His dissertation focused on the Java War, in particular the Dutch bentengstelsel plan during the war, and was later published as a book in 2004.
He later became a lecturer of history at UI, along with giving special lectures in other universities. He died on 26 May 2017 at Mayapada Hospital, South Jakarta, and was buried at the Tanah Kusir Cemetery.
Djamhari married Tutie Artica [id], who also served in the military and reached the colonel rank, in 1967.
Jazz Goes To Campus

Jazz Goes To Campus (abbreviated as JGTC) is an annual jazz-themed musical event held in Faculty of Economics and Business University of Indonesia (FEB UI), which was initiated by the UI Faculty of Economics Students' Senate. This event has been held since 1977 and is claimed to be the oldest jazz festival in Indonesia. Along with Jakarta International Java Jazz Festival, Jazz Goes To Campus has become a benchmark for the jazz music industry in Indonesia.
JGTC's initlal idea was founded by Candra Darusman in the 1970s, which then he was a student at Faculty of Economics. Coincidentally, jazz music at that time was in demand by the public and university students. In the beginning, JGTC was held at Taman MIPA at UI Salemba Campus in Jakarta with minimal facilities. Candra Darusman's goal was very simple: "Bringing Jazz to Campus", especially because jazz music was considered a luxury at the time, only available to hotels and luxurious cafes. Now, JGTC has grown to become a series of events running for one month, with the JGTC Festival as the peak event held at FEB UI Depok Campus ground as a result of campus moving. The event is equipped with 4 stages and attended with more than 35 performers, both local and international.
Since the 32nd JGTC held in 2009, the organizing committee has hosted a roadshow as a part JGTC series of events. JGTC Roadshow has been held in various cities in Indonesia, such as Yogyakarta, Semarang, Bali, Bandung, Bandar Lampung, Malang, Palembang and Surabaya. JGTC Roadshow is aimed to continue the "Bringing Jazz to Campus" vision, especially in major cities outside Jabodetabek.
A handful of jazz singers that has performed in the event are: Depapepe, Raisa, Olivia Ong, Sondre Lerche, Ray Harris, Bubi Chen, Bill Saragih, Benny Likumahuwa, Barry Likumahuwa, Ireng Maulana, Jack Lesmana, Indra Lesmana Reborn, Riza Arshad, Balawan, Tohpati, Syaharani, Elfa Secioria, Gilang Ramadhan, The Groove, Tulus, Maliq & D'Essentials, Gugun Blues Shelter, Bob James, Dave Koz, Ron Reeves, Coco York, Cabaleros, Claire Martin Quintet, Glenn Fredly, Tompi, Andien, Lenka, Daniel Powter, Samifati, and Boyzlife.
UI Forest

UI Forest, (Indonesian: Hutan UI) is a significant green space located within the University of Indonesia (UI) campus. It serves as a natural reserve and a vital ecological area, providing a habitat for various plant and animal species. The forest covers a substantial area and is used for educational and research purposes, particularly in the fields of biology, environmental science, and forestry.
This forest was established in 1983 on the initiative of Prof. Dr. Ir. Sambas Wirahadikusumah, M.Sc., a lecturer at UI. The main aim of establishing this forest is to create a green space that can function as a water catchment area, germplasm preservation, and biodiversity research area for students.