davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
黄体

黄体（拉丁語：corpus luteum），是雌性哺乳动物卵巢内的临时性细胞团结构，是富有血管的腺体样细胞团，是内分泌系统的一部份，产生相对较高水平的孕酮与温和水平的雌二醇与抑制素A，以抑制促性腺激素释放激素的释放，从而抑制黄体化激素与卵泡刺激素。黄体的颜色为明黄色，这是由于从膳食中浓缩了类胡萝卜素（包括叶黄素）。每次月经周期形成一个新的黄体。黄体的基本功能是合成和分泌孕酮，这种激素可使子宫为妊娠做好准备。
在月经周期或发情周期中，卵泡會释放次级卵母细胞，即排卵，余下的卵泡在卵巢内，卵泡壁塌陷，排卵后原滤泡中的囊腔很快會由增殖的颗粒细胞充填，卵泡膜内的血管和结缔组织伸入卵泡颗粒层，黄体期時在黄体化激素的作用下，卵泡壁的细胞体积增大，分化为一个体积很大并富含血管的内分泌细胞团，剛形成时呈黄色，称为黄体。卵泡到黄体的发育中间阶段被称为血体，不过血体这一概念是指卵泡破裂排卵后剩下的可见的血液。当卵母细胞（如果受精则为受精卵）经过输卵管进入子宫時，黄体仍停留在卵巢内。
黄体的尺寸相对于卵巢来说是相当大的。人类的黄体的直径在2cm到5cm。
黄体的细胞来源于卵泡周围的细胞。卵泡膜细胞发育成（即“黄体化”）小黄体细胞（small luteal cell）或称膜黄体细胞（thecal-lutein cells），卵泡颗粒细胞发育成（即“黄体化”）大黄体细胞（large luteal cell）或称颗粒黄体细胞（granulosal-lutein cells），二者形成了黄体。粒黄体细胞较大，呈多角形，染色较浅，数量多；膜黄体细胞较小，圆形或多角形，染色较深，数量少，分布于黄体的周边。绝大多数动物的黄体主要由颗粒细胞转化而成，但灵长类和大鼠的膜细胞也是黄体组成成分。这些颗粒细胞在黄体化时由原来直径12～14μm，增加到35～50μm。颗粒细胞胞浆和核的比例增大，胞浆所含分泌颗粒和脂肪滴增加，并含有黄色色素。线粒体形态也发生变化，粗面内质网消失，同时滑面内质网增加，与这些形态变化相应的是在黄体化过程中，大小黄体细胞均能从胆固醇合成类固醇激素如孕酮。低密度胆固醇复合体结合到黄体细胞的质膜的受体上并内化。胆固醇在细胞内被释放并以胆固醇酯的形式存储，在进一步的胆固醇转运中被回收。大黄体细胞能产生更多的孕酮，这是由于其细胞内不受抑制/基础水平的蛋白激酶A之活动。小黄体细胞有黄体化激素受体，能调节细胞内蛋白激酶A的活动。蛋白激酶A能磷酸化固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白（英语：steroidogenic acute regulatory protein）（StAR）与外周苯二氮卓受体（英语：peripheral benzodiazepine receptor）（PBR）以从线粒体外膜转运胆固醇到线粒体内膜。
黄体发育过程伴随着类固醇生成酶——胆固醇侧链裂解酶P450scc（英语：Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme）浓度的升高，该酶在线粒体中把胆固醇转化为孕烯醇酮。孕烯醇酮再被转化为孕酮，分泌出细胞，进入血液。孕酮在细胞质内浓度的增加伴随着P450scc与其电子供体蛋白的增加，指示了孕酮分泌是黄体中P450scc增强表达的结果。
线粒体的P450系统电子转运链包括肾上腺皮质铁氧还蛋白还原酶（英语：adrenodoxin reductase）与肾上腺皮质铁氧还蛋白（英语：adrenodoxin）已经被证实会泄漏电子导致形成了超氧自由基。显然，为处理这些黄体细胞线粒体产生的自由基并增强线粒体的新陈代谢，抗氧化物酶（英语：antioxidant enzyme）——过氧化氢酶与超氧化物歧化酶，与黄体中的类固醇合成增强而平行增加。
类似于前身的卵泡膜层细胞，膜黄体细胞缺少芳香酶，不能把类固醇生成时产生的雄激素转化为雌激素。粒黄体细胞有芳香酶，使用该酶可以把膜层黄体细胞生成的雄激素转化为雌激素；而粒黄体细胞自身缺乏生成雄激素所需的17α-羟化酶（英语：17α-hydroxylase）、17,20裂解酶（英语：17,20 lyase）所以不能产生雄激素。
黄体退化（regress，也称退行、撤退）时，孕酮分泌停止，血中孕酮水平下降（功能性退化），黄体细胞数量减少，LH受体减少，细胞浆体积缩小，核酸内切酶活性大大增加，核固缩，DNA总数减少，dNA小片段增加（结构体退化）。最后成纤维细胞侵入，将腺体转变为瘢痕结缔组织—白体。黄体功能和结构上的自行退化对于正常的月经周期是必不可少的。它使下一个月经周期正常启动，新的滤泡发育生长，LH高峰正常来临而随之排卵。黄体退化的生理机理与细胞凋亡相关。
黄体是雌性哺乳动物建立并维持怀孕所必需的。黄体分泌的黃體激素，作为一种类固醇激素负责子宫内膜的剝落退化。
如果卵子没有受精，黄体将停止分泌孕酮并蜕化为白体（对于人类在14天之后）。这称为月经黄体（corpus luteum of menstruation）。
没有孕酮，子宫内膜将剥离并通过阴道排出（对于具有月经周期的哺乳动物），成為月經。；对于具有发情周期的动物，子宫内膜将退化为正常大小。
如果卵子受精并着床发生，在受精后第9天开始，胚泡的合体滋养细胞（由滋胚层发育而来）分泌人绒毛膜促性腺激素（或其他动物的类似激素）。
人绒毛膜促性腺激素使得黄体继续孕酮的分泌，从而维持了子宫内膜增厚，为受精卵胚泡发育提供了丰富的血管网。从这时起，黄体被称为妊娠黄体（corpus luteum graviditatis），直径可达4～5cm，可保持6个月，以后也退化为白体。妊娠黄体的粒黄体细胞还分泌松弛素（relaxin），它可使妊娠子宫平滑肌松弛，以维持妊娠。
这时前列腺素的注入会导致黄体蜕化从而造成胎儿流产。但是，对于胎盘动物如人类，胎盘最终接过了孕酮的制造，黄体蜕化为白体并不会导致胚胎/胎儿流产。
黄体支持（英语：Luteal support）是指使用药物（常为黄体制剂）以增加着床与人胚胎发生（英语：Human embryogenesis）成功率，因而补充了黄体功能。
黄体的黄颜色及其命名，类似于视网膜黄斑，是由于含有高浓度的类胡萝卜素，特别是叶黄素。从膳食中摄入的类胡萝卜素被黄体浓缩利用。
卵巢黄体破裂是在黄体發育過程中，卵巢表面的微血管受到外力或某些内部因素的破坏发生出血，导致黄体内的压力逐渐升高继而破裂。黄体破裂的臨床表現为下腹的突发剧烈疼痛（尤以右侧居多），也存在有疼痛程度不一的病例。发病诱因包括性交史及腹部碰撞，也有病例有负重史，剧烈运动史，用力咳嗽史和排便史。大多数患者病发于女性月经期前一周内，少数患者在月经期开始后第1、2天发病。
黄体破裂是常见的妇产科急腹症，但通常情况下黄体破裂的发生率偏低，在临床较为少见，且因黄体破裂的彩超影像与異位妊娠图像类似，易被誤診为異位妊娠，又因该病与其他急腹症症状相似，易被误诊为急性阑尾炎、盆腔炎等急腹症。若黄体破裂导致大出血未即时获得救治，可能休克甚至喪命。
懸浮粒子

懸浮顆粒（particulate matter，PM）又稱细颗粒物、颗粒物、粒状物，简称颗粒（particulates）或微粒，泛指悬浮在空气中的固体颗粒或液滴，顆粒微小甚至肉眼難以辨識但仍有尺度的差異；一般是指大气中的颗粒，故又称大气颗粒物（atmospheric particulate matter）。
在环境科学中，人類活動造成的過量顆粒散布與懸浮為空气污染的主要指標之一，但可能造成生物體不適或影響生態及能量圈循環範圍涵蓋尺度廣泛，從水霧、塵埃、花粉、皮屑、過敏源、霾；人為排放廢氣、灑布農藥、肥料、以及廢棄物如畜牧的糞便遇風揚塵等，一直到前驅物在大氣環境中經過一連串極其複雜的化學變化與光化反應後形成硫酸鹽、硝酸鹽及銨鹽。
其中，颗粒物空气动力学直径（以下简称粒径）小于或等于 10微米（µm）的颗粒物称为颗粒物（PM10）；粒径小于或等于 2.5微米的颗粒物称为细颗粒物（PM2.5），例如室內的二手菸霧。颗粒物能够在大气中停留很长时间，并可随呼吸进入体内，积聚在气管或肺中，影响身体健康。 PM2.5細小顆粒 ，比病毒大，比細菌小，容易帶有毒物質進入人體。
颗粒物的成分很复杂，主要取决于其来源。主要的来源是从地表扬起的尘土，含有氧化物矿物和其他成分。海盐是颗粒物的第2大来源，其组成与海水的成分类似。一部分颗粒物是自然过程产生的，源自火山爆发、沙尘暴、森林火灾、浪花等。
PM2.5还可以由硫和氮的氧化物转化而成。而这些气体污染物往往是人类对化石燃料（煤、石油等）和垃圾的燃烧造成的。在開發中国家，煤炭燃烧是家庭取暖和能源供应的主要方式。沒有先進廢氣處理裝置的柴油汽車也是颗粒物的來源。
在室內，塵蟎、二手菸是颗粒物最主要的來源。颗粒物的來源是不完全燃燒、因此只要是靠燃燒的菸草產品，都會產生具有嚴重危害的颗粒物，使用品質較佳的香菸也只是吸菸者的自我安慰（甚至可能因為臭味較低，而造成更大的危害）；同理也適用於金紙燃燒、焚香及燃燒蚊香。對於人體有害。
在20世纪70年代，人们开始注意到颗粒物污染与健康问题之间的联系。在美国，每年由于颗粒物污染造成的死亡人数约为22000-52000人（2000年数据），在欧洲这一数字则高達20萬。
现在，许多研究已证实颗粒物会对呼吸系统和心血管系统造成傷害，导致氣喘、肺癌、心血管疾病、出生缺陷和过早死亡。母亲怀孕期间的高PM2.5暴露也被证明和孩子的血压升高相关。
颗粒物的大小决定了它们最终在呼吸道中的位置。较大的颗粒物往往会被纤毛和黏液过滤，无法通过鼻子和咽喉。然而，小于10微米的颗粒物即可吸入颗粒物（PM10），可以穿透这些屏障达到支气管和肺泡。而小于2.5微米的颗粒物，细颗粒物（PM2.5），比表面积大于PM10，更易吸附有毒害的物质。如重金属（在城市中以重金属元素最为严重，较突出的有鋅、鉛、砷、鎘等，而不同地区也有着各自的特点）、有毒微生物等。由于体积更小，PM2.5具有更强的穿透力，可能抵达细支气管壁，并干扰肺内的气体交换。更小的微粒（粒径小于等于100纳米）会通过肺部传递影响其他器官。
其中，发表于《美国医学会杂志》的一项研究表明，PM2.5会导致动脉斑块沉积，引发血管炎症和动脉粥样硬化，最终导致心脏病或其他心血管问题。这项始于1982年的研究证实，当空气中PM2.5的浓度长期高于10 μg/m，就会带来死亡风险的上升。浓度每增加10 μg/m，总的死亡风险会上升4%，心肺疾病带来的死亡风险上升6%，肺癌带来的死亡风险上升8%。此外，PM2.5极易吸附多环芳烃等有机污染物和重金属，使致癌、致畸、致突变的机率明显升高。 中国科学院陈竺院士等研究者，于《柳叶刀》杂志上发表的文章中估计中国每年因室外空气污染导致的早死人数在35万-50万人之间。
绿色和平与北京大学公共卫生学院联合发布的报告《危险的呼吸2：大气PM2.5对中国城市公众健康效应研究》指出，全国31座省会城市和直辖市因大气PM2.5污染造成超额死亡率接近千分之一，即每十万人中死亡人数约90人。其中最严重石家庄、济南、长沙、成都、南京、武汉等城市，每十万人中死亡人数超过100人。结论显示，2013年全国31座省会城市和直辖市因大气PM2.5污染导致的超额死亡达25.7万人，即每10万人中死亡人数高达约90人，死亡率达0.9‰。根据中国官方公布的数据，2012年全国平均因吸烟导致的死亡率超0.7‰。而交通事故所致的死亡率为0.09‰。该报告同时还提出，目前全国有21座城市制定了明确的2017年PM2.5改善目标，如果能够达到目标，这些城市因此的超额死亡人数可下降约2.6万人。而在国家环境空气质量二级标准（年均35μg/m）浓度水平下，除拉萨、海口及福州三座已经达标的城市外，其他28座省会城市及直辖市，相应的超额死亡人数可下降约11.2万人（约45%）。
最小的颗粒物（粒径小于等于100纳米，合0.1微米）带来的危害更为严重。有证据表明这些颗粒物可以传过细胞膜到达其他器官，包括大脑。有研究指出，这些微粒可能引发脑损伤（包括失智症）。值得注意的是，柴油发动机产生的微粒粒径通常在 100 纳米（合0.1微米）左右。
由于颗粒物对健康影响巨大，各国政府均设立了相关标准。
为了就减少空气污染对健康的影响提供全球性指导，世界卫生组织于2005年发布了《空气质量准则》，其中包括了对颗粒物浓度的限制：
欧盟对PM10的限制标准（法案1999/30/EC和96/62/EC）如下表：
美国作为较早研究PM2.5的国家，于1997年就首次發佈包括PM2.5空氣污染物年平均值和24小時平均值之空氣質量标准，并在2006年接續发布更严格PM2.5之24小時平均值标准；2012年12月14日，美國環保署依據更新近之醫學研究結論，將保護國民健康之PM2.5首要年平均值標準再從每立方公尺15微克降低至12微克。美国通过《国家环境空气质量标准》（National Ambient Air Quality Standards）对颗粒物进行限制，最新标准如下：
由于开展相关监测和研究起步较晚，中华人民共和国从2012年起在各主要城市开展PM2.5监测的试驗工作，并定于2016年1月1日起在全區范围内实施与世界卫生组织“过渡时期目标-1”等同的GB 3095-2012《环境空气质量标准》。
HJ 633-2012《环境空气质量指数（AQI）技术规定（试行）》做出如下规定：
中華民國行政院環境保護署於2012年5月14日公告修正空氣品質標準，增訂PM2.5空氣品質標準，並依據其國內健康影響研究結果，以健康影響為優先考量，將「PM2.5」24小時值訂為35μg/m、年平均值訂為15μg/m。中華民國環保署初步訂於民國109（2020）年達成全國細懸浮微粒濃度年平均值15μg/m的目標，同時將依國際管制趨勢發展，逐期檢討其PM2.5空氣品質標準，並朝達成WHO提出之空氣品質準則値（24小時值訂為25μg/m、年平均值訂為10μg/m）為空氣品質改善目標。2014年6月，教育部頒布「空污停課標準」。2014年12月，中華民國勞動部發布函釋，霾害應視同天然災害、可比照颱風假模式，根據《天然災害發生事業單位勞工出勤管理及工資給付要點》，地方首長可依權限宣布停班。
中央研究院環境變遷研究中心，分別針對寺廟（焚香與燒紙錢）、餐廳（油煙）、建築工地（揚塵）等3大社區污染源進行研究，2014年刊登在國際科学期刊《大氣環境（英语：Atmospheric Environment）》上發表所獲結果。
大理岩

大理岩（英語：Marble）是石灰岩或白云岩等受接触、区域变质作用重结晶形成，方解石和白云石的含量一般大于50％，有的达99％。岩石學上正式名詞為「大理岩」，而「大理石」並非學理上之正確名詞。
大理岩遇稀盐酸反應產生二氧化碳。这是因为含有石灰的岩石遇稀盐酸会产生化学反应。这个效应时常被用来测定岩石是否含有石灰。 化学反应： CaCO 3 + 2 HCl ⟶ CaCl 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O {\displaystyle {\ce {CaCO3 + 2HCl -> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O}}}
大理岩源於其盛产于中國云南省大理而得名。大理岩的名称逐渐发展成一切有各种颜色花纹的，用作建筑装饰材料的石灰岩，但制作雕像的白色大理岩也称为大理岩。
一般大理岩中含有少量的其他变质矿物，屬於碳酸鹽類石材，其主要成分以碳酸鈣為主，約占50%以上，由于原来岩石中所含杂质不同（硅质、泥质、碳质、铁质、火山碎屑物质等），及变质作用的温度、压力、水含量等差别，伴生矿物也不同。如：
大理岩一般有典型的粒状变晶结构，颗粒粗细不一。岩石中的方解石、白云石颗粒之间成紧密镶嵌结构。在某些区域变质作用形成的大理岩中，由于方解石的光轴成定向排列，使大理岩具有较强的透光性，有的大理岩可透光2厘米，是优良的雕刻材料。大理岩多为块状构造，也有不少具条带、条纹、斑块或斑点等构造，经过加工后成为有不同颜色和花纹的装饰建筑材料。
大理岩一般是纯白色，白色大理岩一般称为汉白玉。有的具各种美丽的颜色和花纹，有浅灰、浅红、浅黄、绿色、褐色、黑色等，原因是大理岩中含有少量的有色矿物和杂质，如含锰方解石的大理岩为粉红色，大理岩中含石墨为灰色，含蛇纹石为黄绿色，含绿泥石、阳起石和透辉石为绿色，含金云母和粒硅镁石为黄色，含符山石和钙铝榴石为褐色等。
大理岩的品种有的以产地和颜色命名，如丹东绿、铁岭红等，還有像是義大利的卡拉拉是著名的白色大理色開採地，卡拉拉白便是出自此處的熱門石材。也有的以花纹和颜色命名，如雪花白、艾叶青、大花白；或是以花纹形象命名，如秋景、海浪。有的是传统名称，如汉白玉、晶墨玉等。因此，因產地很常不同常有同类异名或异岩同名现象。
有些大理岩礦區也會再細分出更高級的品種，例如義大利卡拉拉的白色石礦，便是將底色雪白而犀牛灰紋路特別分明的白色大理岩命名為「雕刻白」(Statuario)，是全世界頂級豪宅市場常用的高端石材，也是身價最高的大理岩之一。
大理岩磨光后非常美观。主要用于加工成各种形材、板材，作建筑物的墙面、地面、台、柱，还常用于纪念性建筑物如碑、塔、雕像等的材料。大理岩还可以雕刻成工艺美术品、文具、灯具、器皿等实用艺术品。
带有各种不同的颜色的大理岩，剖面可以形成一幅天然的水墨山水画，古代常选取具有成型的花纹的大理岩用来制作画屏或镶嵌画。
这种石性主颜色为：多色、主观属性为：花纹，有较高的抗压强度和良好的物理化学性能，易于加工，随着经济的发展，应用范围不断扩大，用量越来越大，在人们生活中起着重要作用。特别是近10几年来大规模开采、工业化加工、国际性贸易，更使装饰板材大批量地进入建筑装饰装修业，不仅用于豪华的公共建筑物，也进入了家庭的装饰。还大量用于制造精美的用具，如家具、灯具、烟具及艺术雕刻等。有些还可以作耐碱材料。在开采、加工过程中产生的碎石、边角余料也常用于人造大理岩、水磨石、石米、石粉的生产，可用于涂料、塑料、橡胶等行业的填料。
四氯对苯醌

四氯对苯醌，一种醌类。
金黄色晶体。难溶于氯仿、四氯化碳、二硫化碳，不溶于水，几乎不溶于冷醇，微溶于醇，溶于醚。有刺激性。可与羟胺成肟、发生亲核加成和发生还原。
由五氯酚（五氯酚钠+盐酸）在无水三氯化铁存在下与通入的氯气加温反应而得，油状反应物完全澄清、无颗粒为终点。反应后用浓硫酸酸化。
用作农用拌种剂、染料（双氧氮蒽类）和医药中间体、有机合成中的脱氢剂、杀菌剂等。室温下被二氧化硫还原得到四氯氢醌，是农药和聚合物中间体。
東協廣場

24°08′21″N 120°41′02″E﻿ / ﻿24.1393005°N 120.6838692°E﻿ / 24.1393005; 120.6838692
東協廣場（舊稱台中第一廣場，簡稱一廣）為台灣臺中市中區的複合式商業大樓，是一間由台灣大道一段、繼光街、成功路及綠川西街包圍的綜合式娛樂休閒廣場，建築為地上十三層、地下三層，佔地8,824平方公尺，樓板面積96,321.95平方公尺，建築高度49.95公尺。一至三樓為臺中市政府所有（設公有第一市場），土地為私立台中仁愛之家所有。
位於臺中火車站站前商圈內，整棟建物有地下停車場、東南亞超市、美食街、酒吧、KTV、電動遊藝場、撞球館、保齡球館、溜冰場與生活柑仔店、商務旅館、辦公空間、住宅、食物銀行等，以及國際移工生活照顧服務中心、東協四國駐臺辦事處巡迴服務中心與行政院中區新創基地（臺中跨境電商體驗中心），多為青少年與國際移工休閒去處，此商圈又稱外籍移工新天地或國際移工新天地，簡稱移工新天地。大廈鄰近綠川、臺中火車站、臺中公園、臺中州廳等，因東南亞異國商店聚集，又有「台中小東南亞」之稱號。另因為入口有一金字塔型意象，東南亞移工俗稱此處為Pyramid Taichung。
臺中市市區部分知名老店如瑞成書局、幸發亭蜜豆冰、正老牌台中香菇肉焿、高家意麵等，均是從第一市場發跡。其歷史可追溯至1908年日治時期（明治41年）開設台中市公有第一市場。1978年10月22日發生火災，災後臺中市政府成立「第一市場改建小組」推動改建計畫，將原第一公有零售市場改建為綜合性休閒娛樂大樓「第一廣場」（一至三樓仍為第一市場）。1987年第一廣場大樓興建工程開工，設計師為彭蔭宣，1990年竣工。1991年再次整建，成為今日大樓樣貌。在1990年代，第一廣場是中區最繁榮的商圈，生意好到店家是「用麻布袋來裝錢的。」
1995年，因當時火災發生頻繁，政府加強消防安檢，加上民間的「幽靈船」都市傳說，從2000年開始，台中市發展中心逐漸西移，間接導致人潮銳減。而臺灣人的離開，逐漸發展為東南亞移工和新住民的聚集地和商圈，第一廣場周邊陸續有東南亞商店聚集。
2010年10月，二樓正式設立「東南亞購物美食廣場」。
2016年3月，台灣國際勞工協會進駐第一廣場。7月3日，臺中市政府將第一廣場更名為「東協廣場」。2017年1月，「東協廣場溝通互動平臺」、「東協廣場國際移工生活照顧服務中心」及「東協四國（菲律賓、印尼、泰國、越南）駐臺辦事處巡迴服務中心」於東協廣場成立。
2021年1月，臺中市政府與東協廣場二樓成立「臺中跨境體驗示範基地」，由靜宜大學專業經營臺中跨境電商媒合服務。
中式烤串

中式烤串，通称烤串（東干語：Чўан；维吾尔语：كاۋاپ，拉丁维文：kawap），亦叫串烧，在中国北方被称烤串儿，指具有中国风格的烤串，一般为将食材用签子串好后在烤炉或烧烤架上炙烤。中式烤串所用的食材非常丰富，除常见的羊肉、牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉、鱼虾和蔬菜等之外，昆虫、玉米、面筋等也被用于烤串。在中国，烤串业者常同时售卖其它类型的烧烤食品，因此烤串常被泛称为烧烤，而羊肉串作为最常见的烤串品种常被作为烤串的代名词。食用烤串的行为被称为吃烧烤、撸串等。由于各地、各民族的饮食习惯不同，烤串在中国各地区之间的风格也有所不同。
烧烤是人类掌握用火后的第一项烹饪技术，世界各地均曾经历过食用烧烤食品的阶段。中国古代将烤肉称为“炙”或“燔”，秦汉时期曾非常流行。西汉马王堆一号墓中出土的资料中就有“牛炙”、“犬肋炙”、“鹿炙”、“鸡炙”等烤肉的相关的记载，并出土了烤肉用的扇子。山东诸城县凉台的东汉孙琮墓内出土的庖厨图中，也有烤肉的工序和工具等的描绘。河北蔚州博物馆所藏的汉彩绘侍女烤肉串图陶灶则从一个侧面证明了早在东汉时期，烤肉串在中国北方贵族之间已经流行。2012年4月至7月，宁夏文物考古研究所在对中卫常乐汉代墓地进行第四次考古发掘时，曾在M17墓发现肉串。
近现代，黑龙江的一些少数民族依旧保持着烧烤食物的习惯，如鄂伦春族在出猎时常会在野外烤肉，有种烧烤方法被称为“席布兰”，是把肉割成条，插在木棍上，再用火烤，与烤羊肉串的方式非常相似。
此外，清末民初由于俄罗斯人在中国东北地区的活动，当地的西餐厅曾供应俄式串烧，但影响力有限。即使在俄罗斯人聚集的黑龙江省哈尔滨，中国人聚居的道外区也从未出现过主营烧烤的店铺。随着外国人的离开，西餐厅以及里面的烤串也随之消失了。
烧烤逐渐成为大众美食，是从1980年代中期开始的，当时有新疆的维吾尔族到各地经营烤串。1986年中国中央电视台春节联欢晚会上，陈佩斯和朱时茂表演的小品《烤羊肉串》，使新疆烤羊肉串这一风味小吃声名大噪，推动了羊肉串在各地的普及。
在中国，烤肉串主要以羊肉、牛肉、鸡肉、猪肉、鱼虾等为主。牛羊肉是烤串的最主要食材，尤其是在中国北方，除了普通肉串，筋类也常被用于烤串，在中国东北，筋类还被区分为板筋、窝骨筋、亮筋、花骨筋、筋皮子、熟筋、肥翅、肉筋、双筋、大筋等各种不同的门类。猪肉串在新疆等穆斯林聚居的地区较为少见。禽类除常见的鸡翅、鸡腿之外，鸡胗、鸭胗、鸡心、鸡脖、鸡爪、鸡脆骨等也都是常见的烤串食材。水产品类的烤串，除了烤鱼、烤对虾，还有烤鱿鱼、烤海馬、烤皮皮虾等。一些常见的火锅食材也有被用于烧烤的，如蟹棒、鱼丸、牛丸、鱼豆腐等。
素食类的食材包括蔬菜、水果、面食等，常见的有土豆片、茄子、辣椒、金针菇、玉米、馒头片、烤饼、豆腐、豆皮等等。
较为少见的烧烤食材还有蚕蛹、蝉牛、金龟子、蚂蚱、蝎子、蜈蚣、鳄鱼等。在一些地区往往还存在一些特色食材，如广西等地曾有用老鼠制作烤串的，而且当地还有“一鼠顶三鸡”的说法。
烤玉米常见的方式是将整支玉米在中间插一根签子后进行烧烤，而成都等地则通常将玉米粒穿成串后进行烧烤。
烤串在中国主要是在夏季消费，每年夏天各地区均会出现大量的露天烧烤摊，甚至一些酒店也会在夏季增设大排档售卖烤串。
在中国的很多地区，食客在等待烧烤或食用烤串的过程中，通常会点一些凉菜，常见的凉菜为水煮花生、水煮毛豆，或两者的拼盘（所谓“花毛一体”），拍黄瓜等凉菜也十分流行。每年夏天的烧烤季节，花生、毛豆的销量总会相应的提升。作为开胃菜的凉菜，其利润甚至远高于烤串本身。
据媒体报道，2010年夏季，山东省济南市每天能消费15吨毛豆；2014年夏季，黑龙江省大庆市市民每天吃掉15吨小毛豆；2016年夏季，济南市每天消费30吨煮花生和10吨煮毛豆。
东北烧烤在经营烤串的同时，往往会有使用烧烤网架的烤鱼、烤蛤蜊等其他烧烤食品，而比较特殊的是，很多东北烧烤都会售卖不属于烧烤的涮毛肚。据称这一习惯做法在1998年前后起源于哈尔滨。
烤串作为一种消夏食品，中国人在食用烤串时，一般会同时饮用啤酒，近年来尤以冰镇啤酒最为常见。在以啤酒著称于世的青岛、哈尔滨，烧烤店一般提供散装的扎啤，而在其他地区以瓶装或罐装啤酒为主。在新疆的一些烧烤店，因出于宗教禁忌而不售卖啤酒，则往往会提供具有地方特色的卡瓦斯代替；部分新疆维吾尔族开设的烧烤店会提供乌苏啤酒等新疆当地啤酒。
据媒体报道，有不良业者为使毛豆显得新鲜，而使用硫酸铜等化学试剂将毛豆浸泡变绿。2016年夏，青岛的一位市民发现自己买的水煮花生放置了几天后仍未发生腐败，遂怀疑有防腐剂添加，山东电视台《生活帮》记者将从该市民购买水煮花生的同一家市场购得的样品送交检验机构检测，发现含有非法添加剂甲醛次硫酸氢钠（吊白块）。受该事件影响，其他地区的媒体也有将当地水煮花生、毛豆进行检测的，西安的华商报记者将花生、毛豆各8份样品送检，结果8份花生5份含甲醛，8份毛豆4份含甲醛；成都、海口的送检结果则均不含有甲醛。
饮品方面，新疆乌鲁木齐市新市区、昌吉回族自治州奇台县等多地都曾查获制作卡瓦斯的黑作坊。
烧烤类食物被公认为不健康食品，烤制过程中肉类食物的油脂滴落炭火上容易产生致癌物多环芳烃附着到食物上，同时商家对于烤制过程中可能对佐料使用量无法精确控制而导致食用之后摄入过多的盐分，对火候的控制可能导致食物不能充分杀菌而引发肠胃疾病等等。烧烤肉类食物本身的脂肪含量很高，可能造成肥胖等问题，建议在食用烧烤后补充维生素C。
伊朗碎肉烤串

伊朗碎肉烤串（波斯語：کباب کوبیده）是一种伊朗式的烤肉串，用绞碎的牛肉或羊肉制成，用盐、大蒜、黑胡椒、香芹粉等调味，一般和番茄或洋葱一起食用。
香料烤雞咖哩

香料烤雞咖哩（英語：Chicken Tikka Masala）是一種印度的咖哩雞。此菜的起源地不明，很有可能是印度的旁遮普或印度移民在蘇格蘭的格拉斯哥製成。
此菜在英國廣受歡迎，其名氣在非英國食品中僅次於中國式熱炒，被公認為是英國的國菜之一。勞勃·庫克曾誇讚本菜完美代表了英國的多元文化融合。
香料烤雞咖哩中的Chicken Tikka（英语：Chicken Tikka）意為烤雞肉塊，是將用酸奶醃漬過的雞肉塊放入馕坑烤製而成。隨後將雞肉塊加入咖哩中。咖哩的食譜不固定，但大部分皆會使用纯番茄汁、鮮奶油、椰奶和各種不同的辛香料。和米飯或烤餅、馕等一起吃。咖哩的橘色則是因薑黃、辣椒粉或食用色素導致的。有些餐廳會在最後加入菜椒以增加口感。
此菜和另一道印度名菜奶油咖哩雞做法相似。
香蕉船

香蕉船（英語：Banana split）是一種以冰淇淋為底部的甜點，而在香蕉的部份以切成兩半並放在盤子里，故以「船」形容名稱；有多種變化，但經典版是用香草冰淇淋、草莓冰淇淋和巧克力冰淇淋製成的。一般上会挤上巧克力酱或草莓酱，撒上一些花生碎、巧克力豆等配料，再放上樱桃或草莓即可。
小吃店

小吃店，是專賣小吃或零食的食品店，大多開設於人流旺盛的街道、旅遊景點等，例如香港旺角、銅鑼灣、台北西門町和北京王府井小吃街等都有。店内布置介于餐厅和食品店之间，可能因為位於旺區、租金貴，不像餐廳或快餐店那样为顾客设置座位。一些地方例如日本的鐵路車站也會有小吃店。
小吃店專賣速食熟食，各地小吃店常見小吃如下：
香港花生

香港花生（花生台），公司名稱「香港網上電台有限公司」，是由社會民主連線前主席陶君行等成立的網絡電台，於2013年10月啟播，由陶君行等香港泛民主派成員任主持，多個節目以反評擊政治人物黃毓民及黃洋達為主，立場與熱血公民、普羅政治學苑、香港復興會（城邦派）及香港本土力量為敵。
2013年，香港花生正式運作，由兩個已經開始錄制的節目《炮打司令部》和《匪類監察院》組成（皆已停播）。隨後擴充星期一至五皆有節目。2015年開始引入視像，並逐漸將播放模式改為上載YouTube。花生台除了自製節目外，亦有三個掛牌節目，分別為劉銳紹主持的《中國與世界》（逢星期三更新）、劉雲山主持的《劉雲會客室》（已完結）、黎則奮主持的《有Q仔冇窮人》（逢星期六更新，已完結）；及由劉天賜、探長、女皇一同主持的特備節目《禁室不禁話》。
據2014年Alexa香港網站榜顯示，香港花生排名一度達312，僅次於謎米香港及熱血時報，比D100排名為高，成為全港三大最受歡迎網上電台（2014-10）。
2016年5月，香港花生以標題黨圖文抹黑香港大學學生會學生會會長孫曉嵐，其後被指捏造新聞，總編輯最終道歉。
2016年8月，香港花生支持九龍西候選人何志光參選，狙擊「熱普城」（熱血公民、普羅政治學苑、城邦派）在九龍西爭取連任的黃毓民。結果黃毓民以數百票之差敗於青年新政的游蕙禎，連任失敗。
花生豆腐

花生豆腐，是一項客家及琉球傳統食品，於台灣主要在南部，常見於屏東內埔、高雄美濃、台南等地方。雖然名為「豆腐」，卻沒有黃豆成份。花生豆腐和豆腐的差別是：豆腐是以黃豆和凝固劑為材料，而花生豆腐是用在來米粉與番薯粉製作，其製作過程比較像碗糕。兩者比較起來，口感有極大差異。
基本原料有花生、在來米粉、番薯粉、鹽等食材。花生使用的品種會呈現花生豆腐不同的香氣和型態，大部分選用的花生品種有11號花生、9號花生和黑金剛花生，每個花生品種做出來的花生豆腐都會呈現不同的香氣和型態。
花生捲冰淇淋

花生捲冰淇淋，又稱春捲冰或冰淇淋潤餅。是宜蘭的特色小吃，為各大夜市/廟口美食之一，其外觀型狀以及制作方式與潤餅相似，刨刀刨削用麥芽糖粘結的花生麥芽糖塊，再用潤餅皮包裹着芋头口味的冰淇淋、花生糖粉末以及香菜。是不少人喜爱的一个甜品。 花生捲冰淇淋隨著時代的發展，口味已經漸漸多元化，而傳統古早味花生捲冰淇淋，台灣目前比例不多。
Handvo

Handvo (Gujarati: હાંડવો) is a savory vegetable cake originating from Gujarat, India. It is a part of the Gujarati cuisine. It is often made with a bottle gourd filling, though many other vegetables can be added. Sometimes crushed peanuts are also added.
Handvo batter is made by mixing rice and various lentils, which are rinsed, dried, and then ground. The pulses are mixed with yogurt to prepare a fermented batter. The batter is mixed with yogurt and spices and is then steamed.
Handvo can be made with moong dal (split yellow gram) or chola dal (split cow peas) instead of rice. Vegetable handvo is a variety based on gram flour and contains vegetables like peas and cabbage, and also includes garam masala. It is often eaten along with pickle or tea.
Yam ring

Yam ring (Chinese: 芋头圈; pinyin: yùtou quān), also known as yam basket, taro basket or prosperity basket (Chinese: 佛钵; pinyin: fúbō; Jyutping: fat6but3), is a Singaporean dish consisting of a deep-fried ring of mashed taro filled with separately stir-fried ingredients. Originally a vegetarian dish, it is now commonly served with chicken or seafood, and a staple at tze char restaurant.
The dish is commonly credited to Hooi Kok Wai, the founder of the Dragon Phoenix Restaurant in Singapore and one of the "Four Heavenly Kings of Cantonese Cuisine" in the 1960s, chefs who cook Cantonese–style dishes with local Singaporean ingredients in Singapore.
According to the legend, Chef Hooi invented the dish in 1958 to impress the vegetarian nuns who had brought up his orphaned wife to be, Leong Ah Lin. The shape of the dish also resembles the alms bowl used by Buddhist monks, leading to its Chinese name, which literally translates as "fragrant Buddha bowl".
Lai Wah Restaurant, set up by two other Heavenly Kings, also claims credit for inventing the dish.
Chocolate-coated peanut

Chocolate-coated (or chocolate-covered) peanuts are a popular bulk vending product. They consist of peanuts coated in a shell of chocolate. They have a reputation in many countries of being an item associated with the concession counter at places such as movie theaters.
In some countries, they are sold under the brand Goobers, which is the earliest and one of the most popular brands of the product, made by Nestlé. They can be found at movie theaters and grocery stores around the world. Many other brands also exist.
Vegan chocolate-coated peanuts that do not contain dairy are made of sugar (non-refined), cocoa mass, cocoa butter, and vanillin.
Goobers were introduced in the United States in 1925 by the Blumenthal Chocolate Company. Ward Foods acquired Blumenthal in 1969. Ward Foods was acquired by Chicago-based Terson Company in 1981. Nestlé acquired the brand on January 9, 1984, from Terson Company. Goobers are currently owned by Ferrero, who obtained the Goobers in 2018 after acquiring much of Nestlé’s USA chocolate products in 2018 in a 2.8 Billion business deal.
While the brand name "Goobers" is trademarked, "goober" itself is an American English word for peanut, probably derived from the Gullah word guber (meaning "peanut"), which is in turn derived from the KiKongo word n'guba.
Tan Choo Leng

Tan Choo Leng (Chinese: 陈子玲; pinyin: Chén Zǐlíng) is a Singaporean lawyer.
Choo is the spouse of the second Prime Minister, Goh Chok Tong.
Choo took the role of the spouse of the Prime Minister of Singapore between 1990 and 2004.
Tan graduated from the University of Singapore (now the National University of Singapore) with Bachelor of Laws degree. She is currently an advocate and solicitor for WongPartnership LLP.
She has given her support to many charities, and was best known for being a patron of the National Kidney Foundation (NKF).
During the 2005 NKF scandal, she commented that the annual salary of S$600,000 drawn by NKF's chief executive officer T. T. Durai was considered "peanuts" as compared to the hundreds of millions of dollars managed by the NKF. Her remark was subsequently met with negative reactions from many Singaporeans.
Tan stepped down as a patron after Durai and the NKF's board of directors resigned under public pressure on 14 July 2005. Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong later told the press that his wife regretted making that comment.
Tatiana Niculescu

Tatiana Niculescu (n. 17 decembrie 1962, București) este o scriitoare română, fost editor și redactor-șef al secției în limba română a postului britanic de radio BBC World Service, atât în Londra cât și în România, autoare de cărți neficționale, romancieră, dramaturg și traducătoare.
Tatiana Niculescu a studiat Litere la Universitatea București, absolvind ulterior și Institutul european de jurnalism Robert Schuman din Bruxelles (în original, Robert Schuman European Institute of Journalism).
Între 1994 și 2004, a lucrat ca editor la secția română a BBC World Service din Londra. Între 2004 și 2008 a condus biroul BBC World Service din București.
În 2006 a publicat prima sa carte de non-ficțiune, Spovedanie la Tanacu (considerată un In Cold Blood românesc) urmată, în 2007, de Cartea judecătorilor.
După dealuri este un film de Cristian Mungiu al cărui scenariu se bazează pe romanele neficționale ale scriitoarei Tatiana Niculescu. După dealuri a avut premiera la 19 mai 2012 la Festivalul Internațional de Film de la Cannes din 2012 unde a câștigat premiul pentru cel mai bun scenariu. Actrițele Cosmina Stratan și Cristina Flutur, care interpretează rolurile principale în acest film, au împărțit premiul pentru cea mai bună actriță în cadrul aceluiași festival.
Traduceri
Fundamentele lumii fizice, de Frank Wilczek
De ce , Doamne? O radiografie a suferinței, de C.S. Lewis
Fiul lui Dumnezeu? Pledoarie pentru Isus și Isus Mirele: Cea mai frumoasă poveste de dragoste a tuturor timpurilor, de Brant Pitre
Adaptarea pentru scenă a romanului Spovedanie la Tanacu, a fost prezentată în viziunea regizorală a lui Andrei Șerban, la Teatrul LaMama din New York, ca premieră mondială absolută în 2007. Piesa s-a jucat apoi pe scena Teatrului Odeon din București, la palatul Béhague de la Paris, în prezența lui Peter Brook, și pe scena Festivalului de Teatru de la Lodz, în Polonia, unde a primit premiul publicului.
Mănăstirea Sfânta Treime din Soporu de Câmpie

Mănăstirea Sfanta Treime din Soporu de Câmpie este o mănăstire de călugări creștin-ortodocși. Lăcașul a fost construit în anul 1992 la propunerea si cu sprijinul preotului ortodox din sat, Nicolae Pasca. Mănăstirea se află pe dealul Soporului (într-o zonă retrasă) La hotarul dintre satele Soporu de Campie,Frata,Iacobeni, putându-se ajunge la ea de pe drumul judetean Turda –Soporu de Campie -Frata ,sau pe ruta Cluj Napoca –Apahida –Mociu- Frata –Soporu de Campie,se află la 30 Km de Turda si 50 Km de Cluj Napoca.
Acest articol despre o mănăstire din România este deocamdată un ciot. Puteți ajuta Wikipedia prin completarea lui !
O făclie de Paște

O făclie de Paște este o nuvelă scrisă de Ion Luca Caragiale. A fost publicată inițial în revista Convorbiri Literare, în numărul XXIII din 1889–1890, apoi în 1892, într-o broșură separată, ulterior în alte colecții și antologii.
Nuvela prezintă o întâmplare petrecută în satul Podeni, al cărui hangiu, evreul Leiba Zibal, este amenințat de argatul său Gheorghe cu jaful, în noaptea învierii. Atacat într-adevăr în noaptea hotărâtă, Zibal se salvează țintuind și carbonizând la flacăra lămpii mâna unui hoț, introdusă printr-o gaură tăiată în ușă. Întrebat de cauza reacției sale, Zibal cedează psihic, răspunzând că prin gestul său ar fi „aprins o făclie lui Christos”, și că ar fi devenit astfel „goi”, termen popular derivat din goyim, cuvânt care în limba idiș desemnează un om care nu face parte din poporul evreu, sau un „necredincios, din punctul de vedere al evreilor”.
Temele explorate în nuvelă includ frica și starea psihologică de demență indusă de aceasta, precum și condiția omului străin de societatea în care trăiește. Discriminarea rasială / religioasă devine astfel un motiv pentru cedarea psihică a personajului.
Ca factor secundar apar boala (malarie) ca însemn al slăbiciunii și strămutarea lui Leiba Zibal cu familia de la Iași în satul Podeni, sugerând ieșirea de sub protecția legii și încredințarea sa pe mâinile unei autorități locale, rustice, marcate de sentimente ostile față de străini.
Leiba Zibal acționează din dorința de a aplica propria-i justiție într-o lume în care nu i se face dreptate. Disparitatea între accepțiunile sale și ale consătenilor, exprimată de aceștia prin injurii și termeni derogatorii la adresa lui Leiba, declanșează slăbirea psihicului personajului.
Stilul narativ adoptat este grăbit, stenografic, dar reprezentativ pentru procesele psihologice care se desfășoară în mintea personajului. Atenția la detaliu în descrieri sugerează caracterul naturalist al narațiunii, prezent în întreaga operă a lui Ion Luca Caragiale.
Bed and breakfast

A bed and breakfast (typically shortened to B&B or BnB) is a small lodging establishment that offers overnight accommodation and breakfast. In addition, a B&B sometimes has the hosts living in the house.
Bed and breakfast is also used to describe the level of catering included in a hotel's room prices, as opposed to room-only, half-board, or full-board.
There are approximately 7,000 B&Bs in Australia.
The B&B industry in Australia generates about $132 million in annual revenue.
In China, expatriates have remodeled traditional structures in quiet picturesque rural areas and opened a few rustic boutique hotels with minimum amenities. Most patrons are foreign tourists but they are growing in popularity among Chinese domestic tourists.
In India, the government is promoting the concept of bed & breakfast. The government is doing this to increase tourism, especially keeping in view the demand for hotels during the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi. They have classified B&Bs into two categories: Gold B&Bs, and Silver B&Bs. All B&Bs must be approved by the Ministry of Tourism, which will then categorize them as Gold or Silver based on a list of predefined criteria.
In Ireland, B&Bs can be townhouses, farmhouses, or country houses. There are about 3,000 B&Bs spread throughout the country, 750 of which are certified for meeting quality standards by Fáilte Ireland.
The Israeli B&B is known as a zimmer (German for 'room'). All over the country, but especially in northern Israel (Galilee, Upper Galilee, and the Golan Heights), the zimmer has developed into an extensive industry. This industry began to develop in the 1990s, when agriculture became less profitable, and many families with farms in moshavim, kibbutzim, farms, and even in cities decided to try their luck in the business of hospitality. In the last decade, bed and breakfasts have also emerged in southern Israel's Negev region.
In Italy, regional law regulates B&Bs. There is a national law "Legge 29 marzo 2001, n. 135" but each region maintains a specific regulation. Each region can adopt different regulations but they must observe the national law on Tourism (Law N° 135 /2001).
The Japanese equivalent of this sort of hospitality business is the minshuku, which offers dinner as well as bed & breakfast in the tradition of the ryokan.
There are numerous B&Bs found in seaside towns, the countryside as well as city centers.
B&Bs are graded by VisitBritain and the AA on a star system. 3-, 4- and 5-star establishments have a higher standard. A majority of B&Bs in the UK have en suite facilities.
There are approximately 17,000 B&Bs in the United States. Bed and breakfasts are often private family homes and typically have between four and eleven rooms, with six being the average.
Áth na Sceire

Baile i gContae Chill Mhantáin in Éirinn is ea Áth na Sceire.
Ag daonáireamh 2022 bhí daonra 2,008 sa bhaile.
Tá Eastát Chúirt an Phaoraigh suite in aice an bhaile.
Tá an bhaile suite ar an Abhainn Ghleann Cuilinn i bunchnoic na Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin. Nascann an Bóthar R117 an bhaile leis an príomhbhóthar N11 chuig Bhaile Átha Cliath.
Tá stáisiún ceann aistir ag an bus 44 sa bhaile. Téann a busbhealach 185 tríd an bhaile.
Scannán
I 2022 rinne Disney cuid den léiriú scannán do Disenchanted sa bhaile.
Teilifís
Idir 1996 agus 2001 bhí léiriú scannán do Ballykissangel déanta sa bhaile agus i Abhóca.
Colin Stafford-Johnson

Colin Stafford-Johnson is an Irish wildlife cameraman, filmmaker and television presenter, best known for his work on a variety of BBC nature documentaries.
Stafford-Johnson was born and brought up in Cabinteely, Dublin, Ireland. His father Barney Johnson owned a garden centre and nursery, and was the first gardener to appear on Irish television. Stafford-Johnson moved to England in his twenties and subsequently spent time travelling. He attended the University of Derby, completing a degree in Biology, along with training to be a wildlife cameraman.
Stafford-Johnson has worked on filming several productions for RTÉ and the BBC, winning several awards for his work. He specialised in filming big cats and worked as a cameraman on the landmark BBC series Planet Earth.
He has filmed and presented several episodes of BBC's long running Natural World series. In 2011 he presented the episode "A Tiger Called Broken Tail", and the following year he presented "Queen of the Tigers." 2013 saw him present "Meet the Monkeys." In 2015 he narrated "Ireland’s Wild River: The Mighty Shannon" about the River Shannon.
In 2020 he presented a two-part wildlife programme titled "Wild Cuba: A Caribbean Journey".
Along with his work on Natural World, Stafford-Johnson has co-presented Wild UK and presented "Wild Ireland: Edge of the World" in 2017. In 2019 he presented "Animal Babies: First year on Earth".
In 2021, he returned to his home in Ireland to create a wild garden, a series filmed for the BBC as The Wild Gardener.
Edificio Panamericano

El Edificio Panamericano es una construcción de viviendas ubicado en la capital uruguaya, Montevideo, sobre la costa, en los límites de los barrios Pocitos y el Buceo, frente al Puerto del Buceo. Constituye un hito notable en la Rambla de Montevideo.
Fue proyectado y dirigido por el arquitecto Raúl A. Sichero Bouret, quien contó con la colaboración del arquitecto Atilio Farinasso. Esta obra abarcó los años 1960 a 1964, y no fue finalizada según el proyecto original.
Su construcción fue autorizada en la sesión extraordinaria por la Junta Departamental donde obtuvo prácticamente la unanimidad (33 de 35 presentes), otorgando en razón de muy favorables informes del Departamento de Arquitectura del Consejo Departamental y del ITU, Instituto de Teoría de la Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Facultad de Arquitectura, que hace posible exceder los 18 metros de altura vigentes.
En el proyecto original la obra tendría un frente 195 metros, 50 de altura, 13 de ancho y 17 pisos y habitándose 374 apartamentos, en un terreno de 27 000 m²; sólo el 13% sería edificado, destinándose el resto a parque y enjardinados. Sería un conjunto de 10 bloques de apartamentos, completamente independientes entre sí. Se realizaría un amplio garaje para más de trescientos automóviles con amplios accesos, con dos calles internas y lugares definitivos para cada coche, dotados de estación de servicio (nafta, engrase, lavado, gomería), en planta baja el nivel de la rambla salones de recepción, de té, bar, confitería, sala de proyecciones, gimnasio, etc. Se accede al gran hall con lugares de reunión, exposiciones, etc., abiertos para visualizar el panorama del puerto y sus adyacencias. Además cuenta con una construcción pequeña hacia el puerto del buceo que fue el estudio del arquitecto proyectista durante muchos años.
De todo este proyecto solo se construyó la mitad del edificio (cinco bloques). Este edificio se destaca por la forma de sus apoyos (en V) de doble altura y por su fachada (Hay que señalar que en esa época no existía en el Uruguay una industria de fachadas de vidrio)
Esta construcción integra los edificios de fachada transparente, como son el Ciudadela, Gilpe, el Notariado.
Recientemente fue declarado "Bien de Interés Municipal" (BIM)​ por la Intendencia Municipal de Montevideo.
Joseph Carré

Joseph Paul Adrien Carré (Montmorillon, Francia, 18 de marzo de 1870 - 2 de marzo de 1941) fue un arquitecto francés con destacada actuación en Uruguay.
En 1899 comienza sus estudios de arquitectura en la École des Beaux-Arts de París, siendo alumno de Jean-Louis Pascal. Se forma en la tradición racionalista de Julien Guadet y Henri Labrouste.​ Se titula en 1900 e interviene en la Exposición Universal de París de 1900.
En 1907, el decano de la Facultad de Matemáticas de Montevideo Eduardo García de Zúñiga decide contratar un docente extranjero para modernizar la enseñanza de la arquitectura; y la elección recae en Carré. Así, desarrolla una amplia labor docente en la Facultad de Arquitectura de Montevideo hasta su muerte en 1941.
También diseña importantes edificios, entre los que se destacan:
El Estado francés le confiere en 1925 la Legión de Honor.​
Carrasco (Montevideo)

Carrasco es uno de los 62 barrios oficialmente reconocidos de Montevideo, Uruguay. Ubicado al sudeste de la misma, y comprendido en el Municipio E, limita al norte con Carrasco Norte, al oeste con Punta Gorda y al este con el Departamento de Canelones.
Con costas sobre el Río de la Plata y el arroyo Carrasco, es una zona residencial de clase alta, caracterizada por la presencia de un gran número de lujosas propiedades, lo que lo ha convertido en el suburbio más exclusivo y cotizado de la ciudad.​ Sus ejes principales son: la rambla costanera y las avenidas Italia, Bolivia, y Rivera.
El nombre del barrio proviene de Sebastián Carrasco –uno de los primeros pobladores de la ciudad–, quien junto a su segunda esposa era dueño de los terrenos que en la actualidad ocupa el barrio; en 1840 pasaron a ser de propiedad estatal.​A inicios del siglo XX, el empresario Alfredo Arocena adquirió los terrenos y creó la sociedad anónima "Balneario Carrasco", un barrio jardín diseñado por el paisajista francés Carlos Thays.​Por aquel entonces, se trataba de un área fuera del límite oficial de Montevideo,​que serviría como sitio de descanso para la clase alta, por lo que se construyeron casonas en diferentes estilos arquitectónicos.​
En 1921 se inauguró el Hotel Carrasco, diseñado por los arquitectos francosuizos Jacques Dunant y Gastón Mallet.​ De estilo ecléctico, con predominancia de la arquitectura neoclásica y barroca, se convirtió en un lugar de referencia de la alta sociedad uruguaya y la aristocracia europea, así como en el icono del barrio, que comenzó a desarrollarse en torno a él.​
Con la construcción de arboladas avenidas se incrementó la conexión con la zona céntrica de la ciudad, y contribuyó a que parte de la clase alta uruguaya se instalara en el barrio de forma permanente. Actualmente, hay gran presencia de embajadas, hoteles boutique y tiendas exclusivas.​
En 2013 el Hotel Carrasco fue re-inaugurado y actualmente es operado por la cadena hotelera francesa Sofitel.​ Desde que comenzó esta reforma, está ocasionando una verdadera revolución en el barrio, con importantes inversiones.​
De rito católico, fue construida en 1934 en estilo neogótico.​En un inicio se trataba de un templo pequeño destinado a la idea del balneario, sin embargo, en la década de 1940 fue ampliado debido al incremento de la cantidad de fieles que acudían en la temporada de verano, así como los que se iban estableciendo definitivamente en la zona.​
Dedicado en 2001, se trata del primer templo de la Iglesia de Jesucristo de los Santos de los Últimos Días en Uruguay.​
List of universities in Uruguay

In Uruguay—according to article 4 of Executive Decree 104/014—there are two types of higher education institutions:
During most of Uruguay's history, the University of the Republic predominated as the only university, whose founding process began in 1833 with the bill of the priest Damaso Antonio Larrañaga, the Oribe's decree of May 27, 1838 and the decree of 1849 that founded the UdelaR. In the same century, through executive decree of January 26, 1876, the Liceo de Estudios Universitarios was authorized with legal effects as university courses, thereby becoming in 1878 the Universidad Libre, later named Universidad Católica. This institution was closed in 1886 due to financial problems and legal issues. After this, only the University of the Republic remained for a long time.
At the end of the Civic-military dictatorship of Uruguay in 1984, the Executive branch passed Decree 343/984 in which the operation of the Catholic University of Uruguay was authorized (being this its refounding), and here began a shift "from a one-university system to a system of universities", in which coexist both public and private universities. Subsequently, Decree-Law 15,661 of October 29, 1984 validates university degrees issued by private universities with the same legal effects as those issued by the University of the Republic, which have been approved by the Executive and registered to Ministry of Education and Culture. These Decree-Law and Decree mentioned above (as were issued by unconstitutional organs) were validated by the Law of validity of acts of the military dictatorship government. In 1995, proceedings by which institutions can access the official recognition were established, through Executive Decree 308/995. This last regulatory decree was abrogated by Decree 104/014, which becomes the regulatory of the aforementioned Decree-Law.
Public:
Private:
Liverpool F.C. (Montevideo)

Liverpool Fútbol Club is a Uruguayan professional football club based in Montevideo. The team was first promoted to the Primera División in 1919 and plays its home games at Estadio Belvedere.
The club has its roots in the student team from the Catholic Capuchin school in Nuevo París, which began playing in 1908. The club took on the name Liverpool as there were many cultural links between the two areas; the majority of coal ships arriving in Montevideo came from the English port. A number of clubs took on Anglicised names, such as league rivals Montevideo Wanderers.
Liverpool plays home matches in Estadio Belvedere (Belvedere Stadium), formerly owned by the Montevideo Wanderers.
In 2023 Liverpool won the Primera División for the first time. They filled one of the final slots as they had the highest overall point tally during the entire season, while also filling one of the semi-final slots, as they had won the Clausura that year as well. They lost to Peñarol in the semi-finals 1–0 in extra time, due to a 119th minute goal by former Uruguay international Abel Hernández. In the finals, however, things played out differently. Liverpool won 3–0 on aggregate, recording a 2–0 win at home, and a 1–0 win during the return leg. This triumph marked the first since the 2013–14 season that a club besides Club Nacional de Football or Peñarol won the Primera División. This was also the first time that a Uruguayan club won its first Primera División title since 1990.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Liverpool FC had a basketball team until the 1990s, playing in the stadium that still exists behind the north tribune of Estadio Belvedere. The team never reached the first division.
Lobengula

Lobengula Khumalo (Septemba 1845 - Januari 1894) alikuwa mfalme wa pili na wa mwisho wa Wandebele (tawi la Wazulu katika nchi ambayo leo inaitwa Zimbabwe)
Jina "Lobengula" linamaanisha "Aliyekuwa mgonjwa".
Baba yake alikuwa Mzilikazi, ambaye alimtangulia Lobengula kama mfalme wa Wandebele.
Mama yake Lobengula alikuwa mke mdogo kwenye boma ya Mzilikazi, na Lobengula aliweza kumrithi baba yake kwa umaarufu wake katika vita.
Cecily Mutitu Mbarire

Cecily Mutitu Mbarire EGH A.K.A Karinda (born 26 December 1972) is a Kenyan politician who is the serving governor of Embu County since August 25, 2022. She is the chairperson of Kenya`s ruling party, United Democratic Alliance, and the patron of The Kenya Scouts Association (Embu County).
Mbarire was educated at Muragari Primary School and Sacred Heart Kyeni Girls.
Mbarire has had an extensive career in politics spanning over 20 years. She rose to the limelight having been nominated MP in the year 2002–2007. In her political career, she represented Runyenjes Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya from 2007 to 2013. Her advocacy for special interest groups culminated in her nomination to Parliament from 2017 to 2022. In the 11th Parliament, she served as vice chairperson in the Public Accounts Committee. She held membership positions in various Parliamentary committees, such as Committee on Energy, Communication and Information, Committee on Transport, and Public Works and Housing. In the 12th Parliament, she served in the Committee on Energy, Committee on Appointments and Committee on Procedure and House Rules and also served as the chairperson of KEWOPA. In her push for equality and vouching for women to take up leadership positions, She advocates for women to pursue competitive elective seats with male politicians, and not to seek 'gender sympathy' in attaining Positions.
On 23 May 2024, Mbarire was among the guests invited to the state dinner hosted by U.S. President Joe Biden in honor of President William Ruto at the White House.
Mbarire`s quote and motto is “I am a born champion of serving humanity. I do it as though I am doing it for God." She is married and has kids.
Kenya Girl Guides Association

The Kenya Girl Guides Association (KGGA) is the national Guiding organization of Kenya. It serves 120,805 members (as of 2003). Founded in 1920, the girls-only organization became a full member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1963. The patron is First Lady Lucy Kibaki.
Each year on February 22, members of the guides and the Kenya Scouts Association gather in Nyeri, at the grave of Baden Powell, to celebrate Founders' Day at the grave.
List of Scouts

This is a list of notable Scouts and Scouters.
These notable individuals were in the Girl Scouts of the USA (GSUSA). Also see Gold Award recipients.
These notable individuals were in the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). Also see the lists of Eagle Scouts, Recipients of the Silver Buffalo Award, Chief Scout Executives, National presidents of the Boy Scouts of America and National Commissioner.
In 1911, President William Howard Taft accepted the position of honorary president of the BSA, and each U.S. president since has served. Theodore Roosevelt was the only honorary vice-president, as he had left office before the honorary presidency began.
In 1927, the Boy Scouts of America created Honorary Scouts to distinguish "American citizens whose achievements in outdoor activity, exploration and worthwhile adventure are of such an exceptional character as to capture the imagination of boys...". The eighteen who were awarded this distinction were:
List of Scouting memorials

Since the birth and expansion of the Scout movement in the first decade of the 20th century, many Scouting memorials, monuments and gravesites have been erected throughout the world.
Erected on 28 May 1982, offered by the Scouts of Wiltz with the help of Scouts and Guides of the world, in honour of Lord Robert Baden-Powell 1857–1941 Founder of the Scout Movement. The sculpture of the Roman travertine is 3.5 meters high with a base approximately 11 tons and was made by the sculptor Lucien Wercollier from Luxembourg. Scouts who visited Wiltz each donated 1 penny. This paid for the monument and so it got its name.
The building commemorates the former International Commissioner and Deputy Camp Chief of Hungary and Chairman of Melbourne Scout District Fritz de Molnar.
In 1957, Scouts and Scouters world-wide celebrated the centennial anniversary of Baden-Powell's birth.
World Federation of Independent Scouts

The World Federation of Independent Scouts (WFIS) is a non-governmental international Scouting organization with over 7 million members in 151 affiliated Scout organizations in 65 countries. WFIS was formed in Laubach, Germany, in 1996 by Lawrie Dring, a British Scouter with the independent Baden-Powell Scouts' Association (BPSA).
The World Federation of Independent Scouts is open to any Scouting association that is not affiliated with another international organization. WFIS requires that member associations "follow, and use, Baden-Powell's original program, traditions, uniforms, morals, ethics, and structure as laid out in Baden-Powell's Scouting for Boys," amended only for "health, environmental, first-aid, and safety reasons."
The current president of the WFIS World Council is Klaus Tegeder, who was elected for a five-year term in 2007 and reelected in 2012 and 2017. He is the former president of WFIS-Europe and still leads a German Scout troop.
The World Federation of Independent Scouts has experienced strong growth, the affiliate Scout organizations collectively had an estimated 200,000 members in 3562 Scout Groups in 2010.
The WFIS Worldwide Committee is the chief executive body of the World Federation of Independent Scouts and is composed of elected volunteers. WFIS-Worldwide acts as an umbrella association for each of the regional Scout organisations.
The WFIS is divided into seven regions:
Including prospected members
5860 members in 2010
155,303 members in 2010
10,834 members in 2010
3643 members in 2010
WFIS has held World Jamborees in Dinamarca 2002, Colombia 2007, and México 2011.
In addition to World Jamborees, the WFIS also regularly host regional international camps, such as Eurocamp. The following camps having taken place or are scheduled:
WFIS also hosts a Jamboree On The Internet:
Member Associations also regularly invite each other to their own camps, examples including:
The International Scout Fellowship is an affiliate of WFIS, but not a member. It is open to former and current adult members of WFIS, to other adult friends of Independent Scouting who wish to contribute to independent Scouting, regardless of their Scouting backgrounds.
The ISF is governed by its World Council which is composed of representatives of each member chapter. It meets once a year, usually electronically. Its day-to-day affairs are directed by the executive committee, which is elected by the World Council. All positions in the ISF are staffed by volunteers. There are no paid employees.
Affiliated with the ISF is the US-based Rovering 4 Life Association.
The badge is that of the WFIS in reverse colours. There is no set uniform of the ISF. Member chapters determine their own uniforms with the badge of the ISF. Other chapters may use casual dress such as T-shirts, etc.
The emphasis of the ISF is on tangible results in supporting Independent Scouting associations, not on formalities.
List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members

The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM /ˈwʊzəm/) is the largest international scout organization and was established in 1922. It has 176 members. These members are national scout organizations that founded WOSM or have subsequently been recognised by WOSM, which collectively have around 43 million participants.
WOSM recognizes only one Scout organization per country. Some countries have several organizations combined as a federation, with different component groups divided on the basis of religion (e.g., France and Denmark), ethnic identification (e.g., Israel), or language (e.g., Belgium). Canada is the only country to have two distinct recognized associations, which are divided by language. About 30 WOSM members are also members of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, mostly from Europe and Arab countries.
Ten of these overseas branches of accredited National Scout Organizations are considered "potential members" by the WOSM (marked by *).
In 2020, WOSM listed 25 sovereign countries as potential members. 10 of these were served by oversea branches of WOSM member organizations (see #Countries and territories with Scouting run by overseas branches of WOSM member organizations).
In 2020, WOSM listed five sovereign countries as without Scouting; the list omitted Vatican City, which is also without Scouting.
Africa Scout Region (World Organization of the Scout Movement)

The Africa Scout Region is the divisional office of the World Scout Bureau of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya, with satellite offices in Cape Town, South Africa, and Dakar, Senegal. The Africa Region services Scouting in Sub-Saharan Africa and neighboring islands that are recognized members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). Currently, the region has 39 member National Scout Associations/Organizations and 11 potential members. There are about one million registered Scouts in Africa, though it is suspected that there are about twice that number in the region. The large nations of Guinea-Bissau and the Central African Republic, and several smaller nations, are not yet WOSM members, for various reasons.
This region is the counterpart of the Africa Region of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS).
On 13 March 1963, Scout leaders from around the region met for the first time in Lagos, Nigeria to discuss the organization of the Africa Scout Region. At the 62nd ordinary session of the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity meeting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on 21-23 June 1995, declared 13 March the Africa Scout Day.
The Africa Network Scout Fellowship is a forum where members of the United Kingdom Scout Association with a specific interest in Africa can share knowledge, ideas and experiences. It promotes the expansion of international Scouting, with a particular focus on building friendships in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Collectively the Africa Network Scout Fellowship members have experience in Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
The Africa Network Scout Fellowship assists all sections of the Scout Movement, in a variety of activities-whitewater rafting, community initiatives, mountaineering, construction projects and safari adventures.
The Africa Network Scout Fellowship actively promotes expeditions to all parts of sub-Saharan Africa, and help on all aspects of an expedition, from initial planning, to British training camps, to the actual expedition itself. Africa Network Scout Fellowship meetings are held at varying locations throughout the United Kingdom.
The Region has run or sponsored region-wide jamborees in its member countries. Past Jamborees include:
The 1st "Africa Rover Moot", hosted by the Kenya Scouts Association, is scheduled to take place in April 2023.