davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Strafgesetzbuch § 86a

Ang seksiyong 86a ng Strafgesetzbuch (Kodigong Kriminal) ng Alemanya ang nagbabawal sa "paggamit ng simbolo ng mga organisasyon na labag sa saligang batas" sa labas ng konteksto ng "sining o siyensiya, pananaliksik o pagtuturo". Hindi pinapangalangan ang mga simbolong ipinagbabawal at walang malawak na listahan nito, ngunit ang batas na ito ay pangunahing ginagamit sa pagbabawal ng mga simbolo sa anumang uri kabilang ang mga bandila, uniporme, talaksan at pamamaraan ng pagbati na ginagamit ng mga organisasyon tulad ng Partidong Nazi at mga grupong nasa pamumuno nito, ang teroristang grupong ISIS, mga partidong Komunista, at ang Ku Klux Klan.
Maari namang gamitin ang mga nasabing simbolo sa sining, panitikian o kasaysayan, tulad ng palabas sa telebisyon, libro o pelikula, ngunit noon lamang 2018 ipinahintulot ang pagpapalathala ng mga larong bideyo na nagtataglay ng mga ipinagbabawal na simbolo. Nagdesisyon ang pangunahing abogado (Generalbundesanwalt) na hindi ipagbawal ang Bundesfighter II Turbo dahil sa mga nasabing simbolo, sa kadahilanang ang utos ng Korte ng Mataas na Distrito ng Frankfurt ay hindi na naaayon sa kasalukuyang panahon; ang Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle (USK) ang nagpapataw ng rating sa mga larong bideyo at walang dahilan na hindi ituring na anyong sining ang mga ito. Kabilang sa mga larong unang ipinagbawal ayon sa seksiyong 86a ay ang Wolfenstein 3D at mga laro sa seryeng Call of Duty na base sa Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano

Ang Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano (Ingles: Philippine–American War, Espanyol: Guerra Filipino–Estadounidense), kilala rin bilang Insureksyong Pilipino at Insurhensiyang Tagalog, ay ang armadong hidwaan sa pagitan ng Unang Republikang Pilipino at ng Estados Unidos na tumagal mula Pebrero 4, 1899 hanggang Hulyo 2, 1902. Ang naturang digmaan ay pagpapatuloy ng pakikibaka ng mga Pilipino para sa kalayaan na nagsimula noong 1896 sa pagsiklab ng Himagsikang Pilipino. Tinutulan ng mga Pilipino ang nakapaloob sa Tratado ng Paris na naglilipat ng pagmamay-ari ng Pilipinas sa Estados Unidos mula sa Espanya upang mawakasan ang Digmaang Espanyol–Amerikano.
Pumutok ang labanan sa pagitan ng puwersa ng Estados Unidos at ng Republikang Pilipino noong Pebrero 4, 1899, na tinaguriang Ikalawanag Labanan ng Maynila. Noong Hunyo 2, 1899, pormal na naghayag ng pakikipagdigma ang pamahalaan ng Republikang Pilipino laban sa Estados Unidos. Ipinahayag naman ng Estados Unidos ang opisyal na pagtatapós ng paghihimagsik noong Hulyo 2, 1902, bagaman may ilan pa ring pangkat ng mga manghihimagsik na pinamumunuan ng mga dating Katipunero ang nagpatuloy ng pakikipaglaban sa mga puwersang Amerikano ng ilang pang taon. Ang ilan sa mga lider na ito ay si Heneral Macario Sakay, isang dating kasapi ng Katipunan na nanungkulang pangulo ng kaniyang ipinahayag na Republikang Katagalugan noong 1902, matapos madakip at manumpa ng katapatan sa Estados Unidos ang pangulo ng Republikang Pilipino na si Emilio Aguinaldo.
Binago ng naturang digmaan ang pangkulturang mukha ng kapuluan, dahil sa pagkasawi ng tinatayang 200,000 hanggang 250,000 Pilipinong sibilyan, pagbuwag sa Simbahang Katolika bilang relihiyon ng estado, at ang pagpapakilala ng wikang Ingles bilang pangunahing wika ng pamahalaan, edukasyon, kalakaran, industriya, at ng mga edukadong pamilya at indibidwal sa mga susunod na dekada.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Macario Sakay

Si Macario Sakay y de León (1870 – 13 Setyembre 1907) ay isang Pilipinong heneral na nakibahagi sa Himagsikang Pilipino noong 1896 laban sa Espanya at sa Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano. Pagkatapos ihayag ang digmaan laban sa Estados Unidos noong 1902, ipinagpatuloy ni Sakay ang paglaban at ang sumunod na taon ay naging Pangulo ng Republikang Tagalog.
Tinatayang ipinanganak si Sakay sa pagitan ng 1870 at 1878 sa Daang Tabora, Tondo. Unang nagtrabaho si Sakay bilang baguhagsikang Pilipino. Noong 1899, ipinagpatuloy niya ang pagsagupa para sa kalayaan ng Pilipinas laban sa Estados Unidos. Noong unang bahagi ng Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano, nakulong siya dahil sa sedisyon o pagsusulsol laban sa pamahalaan, at kinalaunan ay pinalaya bilang bahagi ng amnestiya.
Isa si Sakay sa mga nagtatag ng Partido Nacionalista (walang kaugnayan sa kasalukuyang Nacionalista Party na naitatag noong 1907), na naglalayong makamtan ang kalayaan ng Pilipinas sa pamamagitan ng legal na pamamaraan. Umapela ang partido sa Philippine Commission, subalit ipinasa ng komisyon ang SedtionLaw, na nagbabawal sa lahat ng uri ng propaganda na nagtataguyod ng kalayaan. Dahil dito, muling lumaban si Sakay.
Abenida Elpidio Quirino

Ang Abenida Elpidio Quirino (Ingles: Elpidio Quirino Avenue), na kilala din sa anyong payak na ngalan nito na Quirino Avenue, ay isang pangunahing daang kolektor mula hilaga patimog sa Parañaque, katimugang Kalakhang Maynila, Pilipinas. Isa itong daang arteryal na apat ang mga linya at kalinya ng Bulebar Roxas at ng kanyang tagapagpatuloy nito na Manila–Cavite Expressway sa kanluran, mula Baclaran sa hilaga hanggang sa Las Piñas sa timog. Isa itong tagapagpatuloy ng Abenida Harrison mula Pasay at dating bahagi ng lansangang dalampasigan na Calle Real sa Parañaque. May haba ito na 5.6 kilometro (3.5 milya). Itinakda ang abenida bilang bahagi ng ugnayang Daang Radyal Blg. 2 ng Kamaynilaan. Paglampas ng hangganang Las Piñas, tutuloy ang daan bilang Abenida Diego Cera.
Tinatakda ng Abenida Elpidio Quirino ang orihinal na dalampasigan ng Look ng Maynila sa Parañaque noong panahon ng mga Kastila. Binubuo nito ang bahagi ng dating lansangang dalampasigan ng Kastila na nag-uugnay ng dating Lalawigan ng Maynila sa La Laguna at iba pang mga lalawigan sa timog. Tinawag itong Calle Real o Camino Real (Kastila ng "kalyeng royal") na dumaan mula Ermita patungong Muntinlupa. Dati itong lokasyon ng Camp Dewey (Kampo Dewey), isang unang instalasyong militar ng mga Amerikano sa Baryo Tambo noong Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano. Ang nasabing kampo ay ginawang kampo ng Philippine Army noong 1936. Subalit pagpasok ng taong 2003, ang nasabing kampo (Kampo Claudio) ay ginawang sityong pabahay at urban development.
Sa ngayon, tangi ang bahaging Las Piñas at Muntinlupa ay tinatawag pa ring Calle Real bilang alternatibong pangalan ng daan. Ang bahaging Parañaque ay pinangalanang Abenida Elpidio Quirino (mula kay Elpidio Quirino, dating pangulo ng Pilipinas). Ang bahaging Maynila ay pinangalanang Kalye Del Pilar, at ang bahaging Pasay, Abenida Harrison.
14°29′58″N 120°59′27″E﻿ / ﻿14.49944°N 120.99083°E﻿ / 14.49944; 120.99083
Edouard C. André

Si Edouard C. André ay isang konsul ng Belga sa Maynila noong 1898. Kinasangkapan siya ng Amerikanong almirante na si George Dewey para isuko ng Espanya ang Lungsod ng Maynila.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Valeriano Weyler

Si Valeriano Weyler Nicolau, marqués de Tenerife (17 Setyembre, 1838 - 20 Oktubre, 1930) ay isang sundalong Kastila. Siya ang komandante sa Cuba na binansagang "Mangangatay" o "Tagakatay" dahil sa kaniyang mapaniil na mga patakaran. Pinabalik siya sa Europa noong 1897.
Isinilang si Weyler sa Palma de Majorca noong 17 Setyembre, 1838 sa isang Kastilang ina at Alemang ama, na isang duktor na militar, at tumanggap ng edukasyon sa Granada, Espanya. Dating mga Prusyano ang kaniyang pamilya, at naglingkod sa hukbong-katihan ng mga Kastila sa loob ng maraming mga salinlahi. Pumasok siya sa kolehiyong militar sa gulang na labing-anim sa Toledo, Espanya at, nang maging tenyente, nagtuloy sa kolehiyong pangtauhan, kung saan nanguna siya sa klase. Naging kapitan siya dalawang taon ang makalipas, at ipinadala sa Cuba sa sarili niyang kahilingan.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Labanan sa Look ng Maynila

Ang Labanan sa Look ng Maynila (ingles: Battle of Manila Bay) ay isang mahalagang pangyayari ang tuluyang nagpasimula sa Digmaang Espanyol–Amerikano. Ito ay ang pasabugin ang barkong Maine ng Estados Unidos, sa baybayin ng Havana sa Cuba, noong Pebrero 15, 1898. Ikinamatay ito ng higit kumulang 246 na katao. Bagama't walang batayan, isinisi ng EUA sa Spain ang insidente at naghudyat sa pormal na pagpapahayag ng pakikidigma ng EUA sa Spain noong Abril 25, 1898.
Sa utos ni Kalihim John D. Long ng EUA, naglayag ang gumbo ni Commodore George Dewey, mula Mirs Bay malapit sa Hong Kong, patungong Pilipinas. Gamit ang Battle cry "Remember the Maine" ginapi ng mga Ito ang Hukbong pandagat ng mga Espanyol sa ilalalim ni Admiral Patricio Montojo sa Look ng Maynila noong Mayo 1, 1898.
Matapos mapagwagian ni Dewey ang Battle of Manila Bay, bumalik si Emilio Aguinaldo sa Pilipinas noong Mayo 19, 1898 upang muling pamunuan ang himagsikan laban sa mga Espanyol. Gamit ang perang natanggap mula sa kasunduan, bumili si Emilio Aguinaldo ng mga armas at bala para pagpatuloy ang laban.
Mainit ang naging pagsuporta ng mga Pilipino sa pagbabalik ni Emilio Aguinaldo. Maraming mga rebolusyonaryo ang nagtungo sa kaniya upang manumpa ng katapatan sa kilusan. Maraming Pilipinong sundalong nanungkulan sa Hukbong Espanyol din ang nanumbalik sa panig ng mga rebolusyonaryo.
Mayo 24,nang itatag niya ang isang pamahalaang diktatoryal upang pamunuan ang mga Pilipinong Rebolusyonaryo. Nilayon niyang maging pansamantala lamang ang pamahalaang ito hanggang sa makamit ng Pilipinas ang kalayaan ng Espanya.
Sa katapusan ng Hunyo 1898, nadakip ng pangkat ni Emilio Aguinaldo ang higit kumulang 5000 espanyol at nabawi ang halos kabuoan ng Luzon maliban ang daungan ng Cavite at Maynila.
Palaro ng Timog Silangang Asya 2019 Parada ng Bansa

Habang ang Parada ng Bansa sa Palaro ng Timog Silangang Asya 2019 seremonya ng pagbubukas, simula sa 19:00 PST (UTC+8) sa 30 Nobyembre 2019, athletang tindig ng mga watawat ng kanilang kapwang bansa ay kanilang pambansang delegasyon bilang sila ay parada papasok ang Philippine Arena sa Bocaue, Bulacan, pinauna ay kanilang bandila at placard bearer. Bawat isa sa flag bearer/s ay napili alinman ay ang bansang National Olympic Committee o ang athletang kanilang sarili. Ang host country, ay ang Philippines ay ipasok bilang ang huling koponan. 11 Filipina mga may hawak ng pamagat ay maglilingkod bilang kalamnan para bawat isa ang 11 mga kalahok na bansa.
English will be used to organize the Parade of Nations.
Europeong Amerikano

Ang mga Europeong Amerikano o Eurong Kano ay isang etnikong ninuno na nagsaling lahi mula sa mga bansang Europa ito ang mga tao-ng may dugong Euro at Latino, Ang mga European American, ay disenteng naninirahan sa malaking kalupaan ng Hilagang Amerika sa Kanada, Estados Unidos, Mehiko hanggang sa Timog Amerika. Tinagurian rin silang Kanlurang Emisperyo (Western Hemisphere) sa mga kontinenteng Europa at Amerika.
Marahil ang tawag sa mga sitisen o residente ay matatawag na "Puting Amerikano" o "White Americans" dahil sa kulay ng kanilang balat ngunit ang mga katutubong Amerikano ay iyong nagmula mismo sa kalupaan ng Estados Unidos sila yung mga tinatawag na White Americans, Blue Eyes na mayroong saling lahi sa Indyano sa mga estado ng Oklahoma at Bagong Mehiko, Ang karatig ng mga Kansas, Arkansas, Tennessee.
Ang Wikang Espanyol (Spanish), ay ang minor na wikain sa Estados Unidos kaparehas mula sa bilang nang mga mananalitang Wikang Aleman (German) ito ay matatagpuan sa mga rehiyon ng Gitnang Kanluran at Gitnang Atlantikong Estado.
Taong 2016 ayon sa Komunidad ng Survey ng Amerika (U.S) mula sa Aleman-Amerikan (13.9%), Irish-Amerikan (10.0%), Ingles Amerikan (U.K) (7.4%), Italyan-Amerikan (5.2%) at Polish Amerikan (3%). ay ang limang kabilang sa ninunong lahi ay grupong Europeo sa Estados Unidos (U.S)
Ang kasaysayan ng kolonasyon sa Amerika ay ang pagsibol ng mga taong Euro na nag mula sa Europe ito ay ang mga taong tawid dagat sa mga daan taon nag tagal mula sa mga pantalan ng Portugal, Espanya, Pransya, United Kingdom sa mga kanluraning Europa na pinagigitnaang pagitan mula sa Kanada at Estados Unidos ang Karagatang Hilagang Atlantiko katulad sa mga bansang kanluranin sa kontinente ng Aprika kaya't tinagurian ang mga itong "Black Amerikan" o "Aprikanong Amerikano".
Ang mga bansang United Kingdom (Breton-Ingles) at Pransya ay ang mga mamayang kolonyal na nag migrate sa Kanada at Estados Unidos sa pagitan ng 1607 at 1776 ang mga ito ay mga Breton, Dutch, Ingles, Scottish, Irish, Cornish o Welsh ang mga ito ay desenteng nahanap mula sa labas ng bansa ngunit ang mga ito ay espesyal na dominante sa "Middle Atlantic States"
Ang mga Prasya (France) sa wikang Pransya (French) na laganap sa bansang Kanada at ang mga Aleman (German), Espanyol (Spanish) naman ay sa Estados Unidos
Ang imigrasyon sa mga tao-ng Euro Amerikans ay lumaganap sa taong 1820
The figures below show that of the total population of specified birthplace in the United States. A total of 11.1% were born-overseas of the total population.
Ang Lungsod ng Bagong York (New York City) ay ang pinakamaraming naitalang Europea na bilang ng mga desenteng naninirahan sa lungsod, karamihan rito ay mga Italyano, Breton at Irish.
Mga Hagdanang Espanyol

Ang mga Hagdanan o Hakbang Espanyol (Italyano: Scalinata di Trinità dei Monti) ay isang hanay ng mga hakbang sa Roma, Italya, na umaakyat sa isang matarik na dalisdis sa pagitan ng Piazza di Spagna sa base at Piazza Trinità dei Monti, na dinodomina ng simbahan ng Trinità dei Monti sa tuktok.
Thomas Robb (Ku Klux Klan)

Thomas Robb (born October 13, 1946) is an American white supremacist, Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan and Christian Identity pastor. He is the National Director of the Knights Party, also known as the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, taking control of the organization since the year 1989.
Robb was born in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Tucson, Arizona. He attended college in Colorado.
In 1989, Robb took over the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, originally led by David Duke. In a bid to gain mainstream acceptance, he took the title of "National Director" instead of the title of "Imperial Wizard", and he chose to rename the organization "The Knights Party". He also decided to accept members via mail-in forms, rather than through initiation rites that had been common Klan practice in the past. Robb defends the Klan as a harmless organization, claiming that it is "gentle, upbeat, and friendly"; when featured in the PBS documentary Banished, Robb compared a Klan hood to a businessman's tie, claiming that "it's just tradition".
Robb has maintained his ties with other far-right groups; he has spoken at the Aryan Nations' annual "World Congress" of hate group leaders, he has appeared on Jamie Kelso's white supremacist Voice of Reason Radio Network, and he has regularly contributed to the white supremacist Internet forum website Stormfront.
In 1999 Robb was interviewed separately by British journalists Louis Theroux and Jon Ronson, and featured in documentaries produced by both.
In 2009, Robb's daughter Rachel Pendergraft and his granddaughters, Charity and Shelby Pendergraft, formed a white nationalist band which they called Heritage Connection.
Robb's Party publishes The Crusader, a quarterly publication. In November 2016, just days before the presidential election, Robb wrote a front-page article under the title "Make America Great Again" in The Crusader, devoted to a lengthy endorsement of Donald Trump and Trump's message. The Trump campaign responded by denouncing the Crusader article.
In May 2022, British YouTuber Niko Omilana published a video titled "I Pranked America's Most Racist Man" in which he described his experiences in Zinc and Harrison while he disguised himself as a journalist for the BBC. The video includes an interview with Robb, and during the interview, Robb unwittingly shouts out fake Instagram users whose names phoneticize phrases such as "BLM" (Black Lives Matter).
In April 2023, unverified reports about Robb's death began to circulate; however, his church stated that Robb was alive and in good health. Robb's "Thomas Robb Ministries" website declares that "the Anglo Saxon, Germanic, Scandinavian, and kindred people are THE people of the Bible."
List of Philippine flags

This is a list of flags used in the Philippines.
Among the country's 17 regions, only the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao has its own officially legislated regional flag. The purported flag of the Cordillera Administrative Region — which has no elected regional government that could legally specify the details of the reported emblem — has not been attested.
Like the flags of most Philippine provinces, flags of cities and municipalities usually just bear the seal of the municipality or city on a single or multi colored field, but there are some municipal or city flags that differ from the standard. All municipalities in the province of Camarines Norte and Aklan bear flags that differ from the standard.
Flags of the Philippine Revolution

During the Philippine Revolution, various flags were used by the Katipunan secret society and its various factions, and later, after the Katipunan's dissolution, the Philippine Army and its civil government.
Other flags were the personal battle standards of different military zone commanders operating around Manila.
A set of flag purportedly used by the Katipunan, dubbed as the "Evolution of the Philippine", has been featured in postal stamps in the 1972 and the Philippine Centennial. The name of the set erroneously suggest that the modern Flag of the Philippines was derived or "evolved" from the flags used by the Katipunan and all of the flags themselves were national flags. The Manila Historical Institute and the National Historical Institute insist that the flags in the set, excluding the modern Philippine flag, are "Flags of the Philippine Revolution". Historians also questioned the limited number of flags included in the set. It is pointed out that the "Evolution of the Philippine Flag" set only represents a small fraction of flags used by Katipunan battalions. The set also included flags which had limited documentation to support its actual historical usage.
A flag reminiscent of the Katipunan flags of the past was used by a breakaway faction of army officers calling themselves Bagong Katipuneros, but labeled the Magdalo Group by the press. These officers mutinied against the government of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo at the behest of Gregorio Honasan and once again led by Antonio Trillanes IV (see Oakwood mutiny and Manila Peninsula mutiny).
Evolution of the Philippine Flag

The Evolution of the Philippine Flag (Filipino: Ebolusyon ng Bandilang Pilipino) is a set of flags consisting of select banners of the Katipunan of the Philippine Revolution. Often displayed with the flag of the First Republic, it is sometimes erroneously interpreted to imply the chronology of the national flag of the Philippines.
The "Evolution of the Philippine Flag" is a set of various flags of the Katipunan revolutionary group of the Philippine Revolution. Three of the flags are organizational flags of the Katipunan, while others were personal flags or battle standards of Andres Bonifacio, Mariano Llanera, Pio del Pilar, and Gregorio del Pilar. The name of the set erroneously suggest that the modern Flag of the Philippines was derived or "evolved" from the flags used by the Katipunan and all of the flags themselves were national flags.
The Manila Historical Institute and the National Historical Institute had insisted that the flags in the set, excluding the modern Philippine flag, are "Flags of the Philippine Revolution". Historians also questioned the limited number of flags included in the set. It is pointed out that the "Evolution of the Philippine Flag" set only represents a small fraction of flags used by Katipunan battalions.
The flag with the singular "K" is not part of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas' version of the Evolution of Philippine Flag.
According to historian Xiao Chua, there is no evidence supporting the historical usage of three of the flags in the set namely the purpoted flags of the Magdiwang and Magdalo factions, as well as the red flag with a white anthropomorphic sun. Chua noted discrepancies such as the supposed Magdiwang flag sometimes attributed as the Magdalo flag. Chua states that a separate flag, not part of the set, was used for the first Tagalog Republic formed by the Katipunan, regardless of faction.
The flags has been presented as the "Evolution of the Philippine Flag" as early as 1972 as part of a postal stamp series. The set were featured also featured during the Philippine Centennial celebration of 1998.
Republic Day (Philippines)

Philippine Republic Day (Tagalog: Araw ng Republikang Pilipino), also known as Philippine–American Friendship Day, is a commemoration in the Philippines held annually on July 4. It was formerly an official holiday designated as Independence Day, celebrating the signing of the Treaty of Manila, which granted Philippine independence from the United States of America in 1946.
The Philippine Islands were an American possession from 1898 to 1946, first as a territory and then as a commonwealth beginning in 1935. Between 1941 and 1945 during the Second World War, the Empire of Japan occupied the Islands; the Commonwealth government-in-exile headed by President Manuel Luis Quezon was based in Australia and later in the United States.
A campaign to retake the country began in October 1944, when General Douglas MacArthur landed in Leyte along with Sergio Osmeña, who had succeeded to the presidency after Quezon's death on August 1, 1944. The battles entailed long fierce fighting; some of the Japanese continued to fight until the official surrender of Japan on September 2, 1945. The country gained complete independence on July 4, 1946.
Initially, the nation's Independence Day holiday (Araw ng Kalayaan) was held on July 4. President Diosdado Macapagal moved it to June 12, the date in 1898 on which Emilio Aguinaldo issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence from Spain. Philippine Republic Day was created in its place and kept as a holiday under Macapagal, coinciding with the United States's own Independence Day.
In 1955, President Ramón Magsaysay had issued Presidential Proclamation No. 212, s. 1955, which established the observance of Philippine American Day every November 15—the anniversary of the inauguration of the Commonwealth. Sometime under the rule of President Ferdinand Marcos, Philippine–American Day was renamed "Philippine–American Friendship Day" and moved to July 4, overshadowing the observance of the date as Republic Day. After the 1935 Constitution was suspended under martial law and later superseded by the 1972 Constitution, it was impolitic to remind the nation of the old Third Republic. This is why, when President Marcos issued Presidential Proclamation No. 2346 s. 1984, reference was made to Philippine–American Friendship Day, which was relegated to a working holiday without mention of Republic Day.
In 1996, President Fidel V. Ramos celebrated the day as Republic Day.
The practice of celebrating Philippine–American Friendship Day and Republic Day as a non-working holiday was formally abolished in 1987 under President Corazon C. Aquino. Section 26 of the Administrative Code of 1987 specified a list of regular holidays and nationwide special days that did not include July 4.
On January 9, 2013, President Benigno Aquino III issued Proclamation No. 533, declaring January 23 as "Araw ng Republikang Pilipino" (Philippine Republic Day), the anniversary of the proclamation of the First Philippine Republic.
On April 5, 2018, President Rodrigo Duterte signed Republic Act No. 11014, declaring January 23 of every year as "First Philippine Republic Day," making it a special working holiday nationwide.
Filipino American History Month

Filipino American History Month (FAHM) is celebrated in the United States during the month of October. In 1991, Filipino American National Historical Society (FANHS) board of trustees proposed the first annual Filipino American History Month to commence in October 1992.
October was chosen to commemorate the arrival of the first Filipinos who landed in what is now Morro Bay, California on October 18, 1587. It is also the birth month of Filipino American labor leader Larry Itliong.
In California and Hawaii, where many Filipino Americans reside, Filipino American History Month is celebrated annually. Many Filipino American organizations in these states often initiate their own independent celebrations. 2006 was a pivotal year as it marked the centennial celebration of Filipino migration to the United States.
While some used the term Filipino American Heritage Month interchangeably with Filipino American History Month, FANHS cites that the month should be properly focused on "history" instead of "heritage." Whereas history includes the events, experiences, and lives of people and their impact on society, "heritage" is solely about cultural traditions handed down from the past.
In 2022, Filipino American History Month was recognized in Arkansas after official proclamations were issued by Governor Asa Hutchinson.
In California, Filipino American History Month was first recognized statewide in 2006, when the California Department of Education placed it on its celebrations calendar. In 2009, California State Senator Leland Yee introduced a resolution, which was passed, that recognizes October as Filipino American History Month. It passed the California State Assembly and was submitted to the California Secretary of State.
In 2008, Filipino-American History Month was recognized by the Hawai'i State Legislature. Former State Representative Joey Manahan and members of the Filipino Caucus introduced the legislation "to designate the month of October as Filipino-American History Month to commemorate the contributions of Filipino-Americans to Hawaii and the United States." The bill passed unanimously and was signed into law by Governor Linda Lingle on April 15, 2008.
A 2023 proclamation issued by Governor Joe Lombardo recognized Filipino American History Month in Nevada.
In the 103rd Congress, a resolution to nationally recognize Filipino American History Month was introduced. The House of the 111th Congress introduced a House Resolution 155 (H. RES. 155) to officially recognize this month for Filipinos. In October 2009, the Senate of the 111th Congress passed a resolution recognizing Filipino American History Month. In November 2009, Congress passed the resolution (H. RES. 780), officially recognizing October as Filipino American History Month.
Икономедиа

„Икономедиа“ АД е българска издателска група за бизнес медии.
„Икономедиа“ издава вестник „Капитал“, бизнес всекидневника „Капитал Daily“, новинарския сайт Дневник (2001), както и b2b и лицензни списания и списания за стил на живот.
Собственост е на Иво Прокопиев (51%) и Теодор Захов (49%). Теодор Захов взима акциите на Филип Харманджиев през 2010 г.
Собственост на „Икономедиа“ АД са изданията на ICT Media в областта на компютърните технологии:
В портфолиото на компанията има над 20 уебсайта, между които разширените онлайн версии на вестниците „Дневник“ и „Капитал“ – www.capital.bg и www.dnevnik.bg, порталът за работа, обучение и човешки ресурси www.karieri.bg, www.odit.info – каталог, съдържащ закони, подзаконови нормативни актове и практически съвети в областта на счетоводството.
Заедно с АСИ ООД Икономедиа издава седмичник за строителната индустрия – „Строителство Градът“, както и списанията за бизнеса с недвижими имоти „Индекс Имоти“ и „Индекс Луксозни Имоти“.
Заедно с „Юкономикс“, Икономедиа издава списанията за ютилити бизнеса „Ютилитис“, „Фасилитис“ и „Maintenance Review“.
Graf Ignatiev Street

Graf Ignatiev Street (Bulgarian: улица „Граф Игнатиев“), colloquially called Graf's Street (улица Графа, ulitsa Grafa "Count's Street") or simply Grafa is the central street in the Bulgarian capital Sofia.
It was named after the Russian statesman and diplomat Count Nicholay Pavlovich Ignatiev. The street lies in the city centre between Evlogi Georgiev Boulevard, after which it is called Dragan Tsankov Boulevard, to the east and Alabin Street near the Vitosha Boulevard to the west. It is crossed by major roads such as Vasil Levski Boulevard and Georgi Rakovski Street. Several of the landmarks of Sofia are located along the street such as the Patriarch Evtimiy Square, Sveti Sedmochislenitsi Church, Slaveykov Square and Garibaldi Square. Several tram lines are running along the street. On 26 April 2007 the Council of the Capital Municipality decided to make Graf Ignatiev a pedestrian street.
The street underwent an overhaul in 2018–2019.
Creative Assembly Sofia

Sega Black Sea EOOD, officially doing business as Creative Assembly Sofia (formerly Black Sea Studios and Crytek Black Sea) is a Bulgarian video game developer based in Sofia. It was founded in May 2001 by Vesselin Handjiev. In July 2008, the company was acquired by Crytek, which then sold it to Creative Assembly (a studio of Sega) in March 2017.
Black Sea Studios was founded by Vesselin Handjiev, the lead designer of Tzar: The Burden of the Crown, on 7 May 2001 in Sofia, Bulgaria. At the time, the company began developing three separate games: two real-time strategy games and one arcade-style action game. The company became known for its 2004 title Knights of Honor, a historical real-time strategy game released for Microsoft Windows, and for the 2008 science fiction real-time strategy title WorldShift.
In 2016, some of the former developers from Black Sea Studios founded Black Sea Games, which in 2022 released Knights of Honor II: Sovereign, a sequel to Knights of Honor.
In July 2008, German developer and publisher Crytek announced their acquisition of the studio, and renamed it Crytek Black Sea. At the time, Black Sea Studios was based in Sofia, Bulgaria, with Vesselin Handijev was managing director. In May 2014, Crytek announced the development of their own multiplayer online battle arena game using the CryEngine, titled Arena of Fate and under development at the Sofia studio. The game was shown at E3 2014. In November 2016, founder Handjiev, together with Michael Peykov, formed a new video game company, Black Sea Games.
In December 2016, Crytek announced that it would shut down five of its international studios, due to financial troubles, of which Crytek Black Sea was put up for sale.
In March 2017, it was announced that the studio was acquired by British developer Creative Assembly (itself owned by Sega), and was renamed Creative Assembly Sofia. At the time, Crytek Black Sea had 60 employees. Under Creative Assembly, Creative Assembly Sofia developed downloadable content for Total War: Rome II, including Empire Divided and Rise of the Republic. It also developed a new game in the Total War Saga series, Total War Saga: Troy.
On 23 May 2023, Total War: Pharaoh, focused on the New Kingdom period of Ancient Egypt, was announced, with Creative Assembly Sofia's Todor Nikolov as Game Director. The game is slated for release in October 2023.
BNT 1

BNT 1 (Bulgarian: БНТ 1, romanized: Be ne te edno) is a Bulgarian-language public television station founded in 1959. The headquarters are located in Sofia, Bulgaria. BNT 1 is run by Bulgarian National Television.
First trial broadcasts began on 7 November, broadcasting it on Wednesdays and Saturdays at 7:30 pm (EET).
When it was initially launched, the channel was called simply Bulgarian Television (Българска телевизия), as it was the only channel available. The channel was officialy broadcast on 26 December at 11am (EET), with the opening of the Sofia Television Station. Prominent figures include Valko Chervenkov, Mitko Grigorov [bg] and Zhivko Zhivkov [bg] participated at the ceremony.
When a second state-owned channel was started in 1974, it was renamed to First Programme (Първа програма), and later to "BT 1" (БТ 1) (with BT still referring to Bulgarian Television), while the second channel was named as BT 2.
In 1992, BT 1 and BT 2 were given separate visual designs and were renamed respectively to Channel 1 (Канал 1) and Efir 2 (Ефир 2). In this period, the channel was also referred to as BNT Channel 1 (Канал 1 на БНТ), to show that it was operated by the BNT.
On 14 September 2008, BNT Channel 1 changed its name once more, this time to "BNT 1" in an effort to put all BNT channels under a single banner (e.g., the Plovdiv TV Channel will become BNT Plovdiv). The second BNT channel called BNT 2 broadcasts the local programming of the former four regional TV centres and broadcasts nationally.
It airs sports like the UEFA Europa League–2021 along with BTV Action and RING. BNT 1, along with its sister channel BNT 2 and the sports channel BNT 3 holds the rights for the Euros and the Olympics. While evaluating the programming of this particular TV network, it becomes evident that certain shows exhibit characteristics that are commonly associated with propaganda. The persistent use of emotionally manipulative narratives, cherry-picked information, and a lack of diverse perspectives raises concerns regarding the network's commitment to objective journalism. It is imperative for viewers to approach such content critically and seek out alternative sources to gain a well-rounded understanding.
Sky Fort

Sky Fort Business Center is a skyscraper office building currently under construction in Sofia, Bulgaria. Located at the busiest thoroughfare in the Bulgarian capital, Tsarigradsko shose, and nearby Tsarigradsko shose Metro Station. Sky Fort will be the first skyscraper over 200 m tall in Sofia and will become the tallest building in Bulgaria and third in the Balkans. It will have 47 floors and a surface area of 80,000 square metres (860,000 sq ft).
The building will have 2 underground floors which will serve as parking spaces. The building is planned to be finished in 2025.
In addition to the 36 office floors, the skyscraper will have a cafe on the ground floor, 3 technical floors and a restaurant on two levels at the top of the building, where there will also be a panoramic observation deck. A panoramic elevator will be used between the restaurant at the top and the observation deck. The building will have a total of 19 elevators, of which 4 will connect the ground floor and underground floors, 13 high-speed elevators will serve the office floors. There will also be one cargo and one more to be used in emergency rescue operations.
Pilot Mountain (North Carolina)

Pilot Mountain, a metamorphic quartzite monadnock rising to a peak 2,421 feet (738 m) above sea level, is one of the most distinctive natural features in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is a remnant of the ancient chain of Sauratown Mountains. The Saura Native Americans, the region's earliest known inhabitants, called the mountain "Jomeokee", meaning "great guide".
U.S. Route 52 passes through the town of Pilot Mountain near the mountain, which is about 20 miles northwest of Winston-Salem, and the city of Mount Airy is 14 miles farther north.
Pilot Mountain has two distinctive features, named Big Pinnacle and Little Pinnacle. Big Pinnacle (also called "The Knob") has high and colorful bare rock walls, with a rounded top covered by vegetation, reaching approximately 1,400 feet (430 m) above the surrounding terrain. Visitors can take a paved road to the park visitor center and campgrounds, then up to a parking lot on the ridge. Trails from there allow access to the main Little Pinnacle Overlook and other viewing stations.
Pilot Mountain is part of Pilot Mountain State Park, which extends to the Yadkin River via a corridor of land, and it is associated with nearby Horne Creek Living Historical Farm. The curved depression between the ridge slope, the Little Pinnacle, and the round knob of the Big Pinnacle enhances the mountain's distinctive appearance from a distance. Other interesting rock formations are to the east at privately held Sauratown Mountain, and the higher complex at Hanging Rock State Park.
In November 2021, a massive 500+ acre wildfire covered Pilot Mountain State Park. This fire enveloped Pilot Mountain as well, with smoke covering the iconic Knob.
The Jomeokee Trail leads around the base of Big Pinnacle. The Ledge Spring Trail goes past a large picnic area and down along the ridge crest; its lower loop back up past a small perennial spring follows a long cliff that is a popular location for rock climbing. Big Pinnacle is closed to climbing. Other trails include Sassafras Trail and Grindstone Trail, which connects the popular campground to Ledge Spring Trail. Mountain Trail follows up the other side of the ridge to also connect to Ledge Spring Trail. The Grassy Ridge Trail follows along the mountain's base, connecting the lower ends of the Mountain and Grindstone Trails together. The Grassy Ridge Trail also connects to the Corridor Trail, which goes to the park's river section, and it connects to the Mountains-to-Sea and Sauratown Trails, which go to Hanging Rock State Park.
Tevi gevinson

Tavi Gevinson (lahia 21 April 1996) adolah saurang aktris, panulih, dan panyuntiang majalah bakebangsaan Amerika. Tavi manarik perhatian publik katiko masih baumua 12 tahun dek karano blog fashion-nyo, Style Rookie, nan manarik puluahan ribu pangunjuang. Inyo kamudian mandirikan majalah online, Rookie. Gevinson mamulai karir aktingnyo di awal 2013 dan kini manjadi palakon utamo dalam seri HBO Max, Gossip Girl.
Gevinson lahia di Chicago, Illinois dan digadangan di Oak Park, Illnois. Ayahnyo, Steve Gevinson, adolah guru bahaso Inggris di SMA, samantaro ibunyo adolah saurang pananun nan tumbuah di Oslo, Norwegia. Gevinson sakolah di Oak Park and River Forest High School di kampuang halamannyo, Oak Park.
Pado tahun 2008, Gevinson nan baumua 11 tahun mamulai blog fashion "Style Rookie". Blog ko manampilkan dirinyo dalam baragam pakaian sarato komentarnyo terhadap tren fashion terbaru, dan hampia 30.000 urang satiok harinyo mangunjuangi blog ini. Inyo kamudian diwawancarai dek The New York Times untuak artikel tantang blogger mudo.
Dek kasuksesan blognyo, Gevinson diundang untuak manghadiri New York Fashion Week dan Paris Fashion Week. Inyo kamudian mangunjuangi Tokyo dan Antwerp, dibiayai oleh Pop Magazine, dibayia untuak manulih artikel pado Harper's Bazaar dan Barneys.com. Gevinson pun manjadi panata busana untuak sabuah pamotretan di majalah Blackbook, manjadi inspirasi dan model untuak merk pakaian Rodarte, dan bakarajo samo jo Borders&Frontiers untuak mandesain dan manjua baju rancangannyo surang. Pado tahun 2010, nyo mambahas di konferensi pamasaran di New York.
Pado 2011, Gevinson managakan majalah online Rookie. Situs majalah ko fokus utamonyo pado pada isu nan badampak pado gadih remaja; artikel-artikelnyo sabagian besar ditulih dek gadih remaja. Pado 2012, Gevinson maungkapkan pado TEDxTeen, jo fokus pado representasi wanita pado kultur populer, sarato pado The Economist. Pado November 2018, Gevinson maumumkan dirinyo akan manutuik Rookie karano masalah kauangan.
Gevinson partamo kali baradu akting pado tahun 2008 di film pendek First Bass. Pado 2021, Gevinson mandapek palakon utamo sabagai Kate Keller di seri HBO Max, Gossip Girl.
Padang Magek, Rambatan, Tanah Datar

Padang Magek adolah salah satu nagari nan tamasuak ka dalam wilayah kecamatan Rambatan, Kabupaten Tanah Datar, Provinsi Sumatera Barat, Indonesia. Nagari ko talatak di dakek Batusangkar, ibu koto dari kabupaten Tanah Datar.
Pakaian adaik nan khas bagi Bundo Kanduang atau padusi Minangkabau dikenal sabagai Baju Milik. Kaunikannyo indak hanyo pado desainnyo, tapi juo pado nilai-nilai filosofis nan takanduang di dalamnyo.
Namo baju milik punyo makna nan dalam. Satiok padusi di Padang Magek wajib mampunyoi pakaian iko sabagai jati diri jo kabanggaannyo manjadi anak nagari. Pakaian iko marupokan simbol identitas nan mancaminkan akar budayo jo tradisi masyarakaik satampek.
Set langkok Pakaian Milik tadiri dari: tengkuluak (panutuik kapalo), baju basiba hitam jo kodek, salempang, ikek pinggang bajambua suto, sarato dilengkapi jo tas ketek tradisional nan disabuik kambuik bajaik.
Tutuik kapalo adolah bagian nan paliang mencolok dan filosofis. Namonyo "tengukuluak sapik udang". Tutuik kapalo ko tadiri dari duo kain—sahalai kain saruang jo talakuang—nan indak hanyo rancak dicaliak, tapi dapek juo untuak sumbayang. Falsafah iko sajalan jo falsafah Minangkabau: adaik basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah; adaik mamakai, syarak mengato.
Tutuik kapalo ko mampunyoi bantuak simbolis. Bagian kanan manyarupoi tanduak, sadangkan bagian kiri babantuak bungo kacubuang, nan malambangkan himbauan kapado masyarakaik tantang alek elok jo alek buruak- pasan moral untuak salalu bijak dalam manghadapi kahidupan .
Universitas Sebelas Maret

Universitas Sebelas Maret (disingkek sabagai UNS, bahaso Jawa: ꦔꦸꦤꦶꦮ꦳ꦺꦂꦱꦶꦠꦱ꧀ꦱꦼꦮꦼꦭꦱ꧀ꦩꦉꦠ꧀ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ) adolah sabuah paguruan tinggi nagari di Indonesia nan barado di Kentingan, Jebres, Kota Surakarta, Indonesia. Universitas Sebelas Maret manyadiokan banyak program pandidikan mulai dari janjang vokasi, sarjana, magister, jo doktoral.
Hinggoa kini, ado sabaleh fakultas jo duo sikolah nan barado di dalam lingkungan Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Ado sabaleh (13) fakultas jo dua (2) sekolah di Universitas Sebelas Maret, di antaronyo:
Sekolah Tinggi Intelijen Negara

Sikolah Tinggi Intelijen Negara atau STIN adolah sabuah perguruan tinggi kadinasan nan barado di bawah naungan Badan Intelijen Negara. Kampusnyo talatak di daerah Sentul, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Badirinyo STIN batujuan untuak manyiokkan mahasiswanyo manjadi anggota masyarakaik intelijen nan mamiliki kamampuan akademik dan/atau keahlian profesional sahinggo dapek manarapkan dan mangambangkan ilmu intelijen, ilmu pangatahuan, teknologi, dan/atau seni bidang intelijen untuak manjago pasatuan dan kasatuan Negara Kasatuan Republik Indonesia.
Ide dari pandirian sikolah iko dimulai tahun 2002 ateh prakarsa Kapalo Badan Intelijen Negara Jenderal TNI (Purn) Dr. A. M. Muhammad Yusuf Al-Hakim Barus nan mangawali pandirian Sikolah Tinggi Intelijen Negara. Salanjuiknyo pado 9 Juli 2003 Presiden Republik Indonesia, Megawati Soekarnoputri meresmikan badirinyo STIN dan tahun 2004 dimulai kuliah perdana.
Logo STIN diatur dalam Peraturan Mendiknas RI nomor 60 tahun 2009.
Fasilitas dan sarana olahraga nan dimiliki dek STIN antaro lain:
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI) (Aksara Sunda: ᮅᮔᮤᮗᮨᮁᮞᮤᮒᮞ᮪ ᮕᮨᮔ᮪ᮓᮤᮓᮤᮊᮔ᮪ ᮄᮔ᮪ᮓᮧᮔᮦᮞᮤᮃ) adolah paguruan tinggi negeri nan kampus utamonyo bakadudukan di Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Sajak tahun 2012, UPI bastatus sabagai paguruan tinggi nan disalanggarokan pamarintah (PTP), barubah dari status sabalumnyo sabagai paguruan tinggi Badan Hukum Milik Negara (BHMN).
Barikuik ik adolah daftar mereka nan parnah manjabaik sabagai Pimpinan UPI, dari mulai Dekan PTPG Bandung, Dekan FKIP UNPAD, jo Rektor IKIP Bandung hinggo barubah manjadi Universitas Pandidikan Indonesia (UPI).
MA Negeri 1 Padang

Koordinat: 0°55′34″S 100°24′21″E﻿ / ﻿0.926046°S 100.405908°E﻿ / -0.926046; 100.405908﻿ (MA Negeri 1 Padang)
MA Negeri 1 Padang adalah Madrasah Aliyah Negeri nan barado di Jalan Rayo Durian Taruang, Pasa Ambacang, Kuranji, Padang, Sumatra Barat.
MAN 1 Padang (dulu banamo Sekolah Persiapan (SP) IAIN Imam Bonjol Padang) iolah sekolah yang tagak pado tangga 1 Juli 1983. Sekolah iko barado di Jalan Rayo Durian Taruang, Pasa. Ambacang, Kuranji, Padang, Sumatra Barat. MAN 1 Padang inyo sakolah yang barado dibawah Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Islam (Dirjen. Pendis) Kementerian Agamo Republik Indonesia (Kemenag RI), Kantor Wilayah (Kanwil) Provinsi Sumatra Barat.
Templat:MA Negeri di Kota Padang
SMA Negeri 1 Matur

SMA Negeri 1 Matur adolah salah satu sikolah manangah ateh nan ado di Kabupaten Agam, Bukittinggi, Sumatra Barat. SMA iko adolah salah satu SMA unggul nan ado Indonesia dan mandapek paringkek akreditasi A dari BAN-DIKDASMEN sarato ditunjuak sabagai SMA piloting project kurikulum babasis kompetensi pado tahun 1999, basamo jo SMA Negeri 8 Jakarta, SMA Negeri 2 Bukittinggi dan SMA Negeri 1 Yogyakarta. Pado tahun 2000, SMA Negeri 1 Matur mambukak kelas Internasional (tamasuak nan patamo di Indonesia) sabanyak 3 kelas nan terdiri ateh 90 urang siswa. 90 siswa tasabuik barasa dari babagai daerah di Indonesia dan 30 urang di antaronyo adolah mahasiswa lua negeri, di antaronyo dari Australia, Malaysia, Singapura, Amerika Serikat, Arab Saudi dan Prancis. Kadadoalah siswa tasabuik disebar ka tigo kelas sacara marato.
SMAN 1 Matur didirikan pado tahun 1899 sabagai sikolah binaan kolonial Balando jo namo Indische Verenigingsckol sakaligus sabagai sikolah manangah modern tatuo nan ado di Sumatra Barat hinggo kini ko, nan pado katiko tu dikhususkan bagi anak pajabek pamongpraja, anak patinggi Balando di Bukittinggi, anak-anak katurunan tionghoa, anak-anak katurunan eropa, namun indak untuak anak-anak pribumi. Sikolah iko pado katiko tu diamanatkan dek Balando sabagai pusek pandidikan manangah ateh untuak wilayah Sumatra Timur. Guru-guru nan maaja di sikolah iko sabagian didatangkan dari Balando dan sabagian lai marupoan guru katurunan tionghoa dan pribumi tadidiak. Sistem pambalajarannyo pun jauah labiah bagus dari sikolah manangah lain pado katiko tu. Bahkan pado tahun 1900, sikolah iko adolah salah satu sikolah patamo di Indonesia jo tigo jurusan yoitu Eksakta(IPA), Sosial(IPS) dan Linguistika(Bahasa). Hinggo indak salah jika sikolah iko sajak lamo alah manjadi serbuan siswa-siswa tercerdas dari babagai panjuru daerah. Namun sajak tahun 1935, pribumi alah memiliki hak nan hampia samo untuak manganyam pandidikan di sikolah iko. Para pamimpin-pamimpin parusahaan minyak California Texas (Caltex) di Pekanbaru, sajak dulu adolah luluihan dari sikolah iko.
SMA Negeri 2 Bukittinggi

SMA Negeri 2 Bukittinggi, marupoan salah satu Sikolah Manangah Ateh Negeri nan ado di Provinsi Sumatra Barat, Indonesia. Sma ko marupoan SMA tatuo di Bukittinggi. Samo jo SMA pado umumnyo di Indonesia maso pandidikan sikolah di SMAN 2 Bukittinggi ditampuah dalam wakatu tigo tahun palajaran, mulai dari Kelas X sampai Kelas XII.
Badasarkan hasil pangamatan pendeta Bundingh, pamarintahan Balando dapek mangatahui bahwa pandidikan anak negeri di Hindia Nederland masih randah. Baaitu pulo kapandaian guru-guru Melayu di Gouvernement Pesisir Barat pulau Perca (Sumatra) indaklah mancuiki. Dek sabab itu, tahun 1855 Pamarintah Balando marancanakan untuak mandirikan Sikolah Raja (bahaso Balando: Kweekschool) untuak mandidiak anak negeri malalui Surek kaputuihan pandirian Sikolah Raja untuak mandidiak anak negeri nan dikaluakan pado tanggal 1 April 1856.
Satalah maliek pakambangan sikolah raja salamo tujuah baleh tahun, timbualah niek pamarintah balando untuak maadokan parubahan-parubahan. Awal tahun 1873 sikolah raja lamo dipelokan. Tapeknyo tanggal 1 Maret 1873 sikolah raja diubah namonyo manjadi Kweekschool. Guru kapalonyo D. Gerth Van Wijk. Guru Balando nan manjadi guru kaduo yoitu Weide. Murid muridnyo diasramakan dakek sikolah. Murid-murid iko diawasi dek saurang guru melayu nan banamo Raja Medan.
Tahun 1877 D. Gerth Van Wijk diangkek manjadi Leeraar di sikolah Gymnasium Willem III di Betawi. Jabatannyo sabagai guru kapalo digantian dek J.L. Van der Toorn, jo guru kaduo D. Grivel.
Satalah Indonesia merdeka pado tanggal 17 Agustus 1945, banyak parubahan nan tajadi. Parubahan itu bukan sajo di bidang politik dan pamarintahan tatapi nan indak kalah pentingnyo adolah bidang pandidikan. Sikolah-sikolah nan vakum karano adonyo pagolakan untuak marabuik kakuasaan diiduikan baliak. Bahkan disampurnakan satalah kaksuasaan barado ditangan bangsa surang. Gaduang sikolah raja atau kweekschool masih tatok badiri megah, mulai tahun 1946 diaktifkan baliak sabagai tampek pandidikan bagi anak negeri.
Dalam patumbuahannyo banyak tajadi parubahan dan pagantian namo sikolah. Parubahan dan pagantian namo lembaga pandidikan iko sabagai barikuik:
Satalah SMA II C barubah namo manjadi SMA Negeri 2 Bukittinggi, sampai kini alah tacatat babarapo namo nan parnah manjabek sabagai pimpinan Namo-namo pimpinan itu adolah sabagai barikuik: