तंजावूर मराठा राज्य

तंजावरचे मराठा राज्य इ.स.च्या १७व्या ते १९व्या शतका दरम्यान भारतातील तमिळनाडू राज्यातील तंजावुर स्थित संस्थान होते. याचे राजे मराठीभाषक होते. येथील मराठी भाषा महाराष्ट्रातील भाषेपेक्षा वेगळी असून त्यास तंजावर मराठी असे नाव आहे. व्यंकोजी भोसले यांनी हे राज्य स्थापन केले.
13 व्या शतकात चोल राजवटीचे निधन झाल्यानंतर तंजावर देश पंड्यांच्या कारकिर्दीत आला, ज्याने जवळजवळ एका शतकापर्यंत राज्य केले. मलिक काफूरच्या स्वारीनंतर तंजावर देश अव्यवस्थित झाला. पांड्या सरदारांनी त्यांचे स्वातंत्र्य पुनः स्थापित करण्यापूर्वी दिल्ली सल्तनतचा राज्य अर्धा शतक टिकला. त्यानंतर लवकरच विजयनगर साम्राज्याने त्यांचा पराभव केला. विजयनगरच्या वर्चस्वाला मदुरैच्या नायकांनी आव्हान दिले ज्याने शेवटी १ was4646 मध्ये तंजावर जिंकला. तंजावर नायकांचे शासन १ 167373 पर्यंत टिकले, जेव्हा मदुरैचा राजा चोक्कनाथ नायक नायकांनी तंजावरवर हल्ला केला आणि विजयराजघावाचा वध केला.
साचा:TNhistory
महान मराठा राजा शिवाजी महाराज यांचे सावत्र भाऊ वेंकोजी हे भोसले घराण्यातील तंजावरचा पहिला राजा होता. असे मानले जाते की त्याने एप्रिल 1674 मध्ये तंजावरचे शासन आणि 1684 पर्यंत राज्य केले. त्यांच्या कारकिर्दीत, त्याचा भाऊ शिवाजी यांनी 1676-1677 मध्ये जिंजी आणि तंजावरवर आक्रमण केले आणि त्याचा भाऊ संताजीला कोलरुनच्या उत्तरेस सर्व देशांचा शासक बनविला. आपल्या कारकिर्दीच्या शेवटच्या वर्षांत, वेंकोजींनी मदुरैच्या चोककानाथाबरोबर मैसूरवर आक्रमण थांबवण्यासाठी युती केली.
शाहूजी पहिला वेंकोजीचा मोठा मुलगा होता आणि त्याने वयाच्या बाराव्या वर्षी सिंहासनावर प्रवेश केला. त्याच्या कारकिर्दीत मोगलांनी कोरोमंडल किनारपट्टी व तिरुचिरापल्ली ताब्यात घेतली आणि शाहूजी प्रथम यांना खंडणी देण्यासाठी भाग पाडले. शाहूजी साहित्याचे आश्रयदाता होते. त्याच्या कारकिर्दीत, सीमावर्ती भूमीवरील नियंत्रणासाठी मदुरैचा राजा आणि रामनाद यांच्याशी वारंवार झगडे व लढाया होत.
सर्फोजी प्रथम हा वेंकोजीचा छोटा मुलगा होता आणि त्याने 1712 ते 1728 पर्यंत राज्य केले. त्यांच्या राजवटीचा मदुराई नायक यांच्याशी वाद आणि नियमित युद्ध होता.
1728-1736 या काळात सर्फोजी प्रथमचा लहान भाऊ तुकोजी तंजावरवर राज्य केले. त्याच्या कारकिर्दीवर चंदा साहिब आक्रमणाचे साक्षीदार होते आणि मदुराईवर मोहम्मदान आक्रमण मागे घेतल्याचा मानस आहे.
A period of anarchy followed the death of Tukkoji and came to an end when Pratapsingh succeeded to the throne in 1739. He ruled up to 1763. He allied with Muhammad Ali, the Nawab of the Carnatic and aided the British against the French in the Carnatic Wars and the Seven Years War. He was the last king to be addressed to be the Directors of the British East India Company as "His Majesty". In 1762, a tripartite treaty was signed between Thanjavur, Carnatic and the British by which he became a vassal of the Nawab of the Carnatic.
Thuljaji was a very weak ruler and the last independent ruler of Thanjavur. In 1773, Thanjavur was annexed by the Nawab of the Carnatic who ruled till 1786. The throne was restored to him by the Directors of the British East India Company. But his restoration came at a heavy price as it deprived him of his independence.
Thuljaji was succeeded by his teenage son Serfoji in 1787. Soon afterwards, he was deposed by his uncle and regent Amarsingh who seized the throne for himself. With the help of the British, Serfoji II recovered the throne in 1798. A subsequent treaty forced him to hand over the reins of the kingdom to the British East India Company. Serfoji II was however left in control of the Fort and the surrounding areas. He reigned till 1832. His reign is noted for the literary, scientific and technological accomplishments of the Tanjore country.
1787 मध्ये तुळजाजी किशोर मुलगा सर्फोजी याच्या जागी त्याचा राजा झाला. थोड्याच वेळात, त्याचा काका आणि एजंट अमरसिंह यांनी त्याला काढून टाकले, ज्यांनी स्वतः साठी सिंहासनावर कब्जा केला. ब्रिटिशांच्या मदतीने 1798 मध्ये सर्फोजी II यांनी सिंहासन परत मिळवले. त्यानंतरच्या करारामुळे ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनीच्या ताब्यात त्याने राज्याची बाबी सोपविली. सर्फोजी II हा किल्ला आणि आसपासच्या भागांच्या ताब्यात होता. 1832 पर्यंत त्यांनी राज्य केले. तंजोर देशातील साहित्यिक, वैज्ञानिक आणि तंत्रज्ञानाच्या कामगिरीसाठी त्यांचा कारकीर्द प्रख्यात आहे
Shivaji was the last Maratha ruler of Thanjavur and reigned from 1832 to 1855. He was a weak and feeble prince with barely any authority. As he died childless in 1855, Thanjavur was annexed by the British as per the provisions of the Doctrine of Lapse.
The Thanjavur Maratha Rajas favored Sanskrit and Telugu to such an extent that classical Tamil began to decline. Most of the plays were in Sanskrit. Venkoji, the first ruler of the Bhonsle dynasty composed a 'Dvipada' Ramayana in Telugu. His son Shahuji was a great patron of learning and of literature. Most of the Thanjavur Maratha literature is from his period. Most of them were versions of the Ramayana or plays and short stories of a historical nature. Sanskrit and Telugu were the languages used in most of these plays while there were some Tamil 'koothu' as well. Advaita Kirtana is one of the prominent works from this period. Later Thanjavur rulers like Serfoji II and Shivaji immersed themselves in learning and literary pursuits when they were dispossessed of their empire. Serfoji built the Saraswathi Mahal Library within the precints of the palace to house his enormous book and manuscript collection. Apart from Indian languages, Serfoji II was proficient in English, French, Dutch, Greek and Latin as well.
The king was assisted in the administration of his country by a council of ministers. The supreme head of this council of ministers was a Mantri or Dalavoy. The Dalavoy was also the Commander-in-chief of the Army. Next in importance at the court was a Pradhani or Dewan also called Dabir Pandit. The country was divided into subahs, seemais and maganams in the decreasing order of size and importance. The five subahs of the country were पट्टुकोट्टै, मायावरम, कुंभकोणम, मन्नारगुडी and तिरूवडी.
The ruler collected his taxes from the people through his mirasdars or puttackdars. They were collected right from the village level onwards and were based on the agricultural produce of the village. Rice was one of the primary crops in the region and the land used for cultivation was owned by big landlords. It was Anatharama Sashtry who proposed collecting taxes to improve conditions for the poor. No foreign trade was carried out. The only foreign trade in the country was carried out by European traders who paid a particular amount of money as rent to the Raja. The currency system used was that of a chakram or pon (1 chakram = one and three-fourths of a British East India Company rupee). Other systems of coinage used were that of pagoda (1 pagoda = three and a half Company rupees), a big panam(one-sixth of a Company rupee) and a small 'panam(one-thirteenth of a Company rupee).
साचा:MarathaEmpire