davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Pusat Sayuran Dunia

Pusat Sayuran Dunia (WorldVeg) (Hanzi: 亞蔬—世界蔬菜中心), sebelumnya dikenal sebagai Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sayuran Asia (AVRDC), adalah lembaga nirlaba internasional untuk penelitian dan pengembangan sayuran. Didirikan pada tahun 1971 di Shanhua, Taiwan selatan, oleh Bank Pembangunan Asia, Taiwan, Korea Selatan, Jepang, Filipina, Thailand, Amerika Serikat, dan Vietnam Selatan.
WorldVeg bertujuan untuk mengurangi malnutrisi dan mengurangi kemiskinan di negara berkembang melalui peningkatan produksi dan konsumsi sayuran.
Pusat Sayuran Dunia didirikan sebagai Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sayuran Asia (AVRDC) pada tahun 1971 oleh Bank Pembangunan Asia, Taiwan, Korea Selatan, Jepang, Filipina, Thailand, Amerika Serikat, dan Vietnam Selatan. Kampus utama dibuka pada tahun 1973. Pada tahun 2008, pusat ini berganti nama menjadi Pusat Sayuran Dunia.
Selama 20 tahun pertama keberadaannya, Pusat Sayuran Dunia adalah pusat penelitian ubi jalar global utama dengan lebih dari 1.600 kenaikan dalam dua tahun pertama operasinya. Pada tahun 1991 Pusat Sayuran Dunia memilih untuk menghentikan penelitian ubi jalar karena biaya tinggi dan lembaga lain dengan fokus yang lebih ketat muncul. WVC menggandakan dan mentransfer penelitian dan plasma nutfahnya ke Pusat Kentang Internasional dan Lembaga Penelitian Pertanian Taiwan.
Pemanfaatan sayuran sebagai tanaman yang bernilai tinggi penting dalam Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Program Pembangunan PBB dan Pusat Sayuran Dunia. Sayuran yang dibudidayakan oleh Center dapat digunakan di daerah yang lebih miskin, di mana mereka dapat berfungsi sebagai sumber pendapatan yang penting dan dapat membantu melawan kekurangan mikronutrien.
Portofolio tanaman Center saat ini berfokus pada beberapa kelompok sayuran yang penting secara global, menurut WorldVeg:
Menurut The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), "Di Pusat Sayuran Dunia, para ahli mencari kerabat liar tanaman peliharaan untuk menyelamatkan pola makan manusia dari perubahan iklim".
Koleksi sayuran plasma nutfah disimpan di Pusat Sayuran Dunia, yang dianggap memiliki koleksi terbesar dan paling beragam di dunia. Koleksinya sendiri berisi lebih dari 60.000 aksesi dari 442 spesies berbeda yang dikumpulkan dari 156 negara.
Templat:AIRCA
Nurochman

Nurochman atau yang dikenal dengan Cak Nur (lahir 7 Maret 1969) adalah Wali Kota Batu masa jabatan 2025–2030. Sebelumnya, ia pernah menjabat sebagai Wakil Ketua DPRD Kota Batu selama dua periode berturut-turut, yakni masa jabatan 2014–2019 dan 2019–2024.
Nurochman menghabiskan masa kecilnya dan menyelesaikan pendidikan dasar di SD Sumberejo (1976–1982). Kemudian, ia melanjutkan studinya di MTs Hasyim Asy'ari Batu (1982–1985) dan MAN 2 Malang (1985–1988). Beberapa puluh tahun kemudian di tahun 2014, ia berkuliah di Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Malang dan mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Hukum pada tahun 2018. Setelah lulus S-1, ia langsung melanjutkan studi Magister Hukum di universitas yang sama dan mendapatkan gelar Magister Hukum pada tahun 2021.
Cak Nur mengawali pengalaman organisasinya dari menjadi anggota KNPI Kota Batu pada tahun 1991. Ia juga pernah menjabat sebagai Ketua PC IPNU Kota Batu dari tahun 1993–1997. Lalu pernah menjadi Ketua BPD Sumberejo pada tahun 2006–2007.
Selain itu, ia mulai tertarik masuk ke dunia politik. Cak Nur memantapkan langkahnya dengan bergabung ke PKB. Saat itu, Cak Nur langsung mendapatkan kepercayaan menjadi Sekretaris DPAC PKB Kota Batu periode 2004–2009. Sejak tahun 2010, Cak Nur dipercaya menjadi Ketua DPC PKB Kota Batu. Kegigihannya di bidang politik, membuat ia berhasil menduduki jabatan sebagai anggota DPRD Kota Batu. Selama itu juga, ia dipercaya menjabat sebagai Wakil Ketua DPRD Kota Batu masa jabatan 2014–2019 dan 2019–2024. Pada tahun 2024, ia berhasil membawa PKB meraih suara terbanyak di Kota Batu mengalahkan PDI Perjuangan yang sebelumnya dominan di kota tersebut.
Cak Nur memulai kariernya dari seorang karyawan sebagai tukang sapu di Hotel Victory, Kota Batu pada tahun 1995. Ia bekerja di hotel tersebut selama sembilan tahun hingga memposisikannya menjadi ketua serikat pekerja. Pengalaman Cak Nur tidak berhenti di dunia perhotelan. Pada tahun 2004, Cak Nur memutuskan untuk menjadi wirausahawan. Wirausaha yang dipilih adalah mengelola sayuran organik dan budidaya jamur tiram putih. Hanya saja Cak Nur menjadi wirausahawan tak cukup lama, kurang lebih tiga tahun lamanya.
Namun, dalam kurun waktu ini memberinya pengetahuan pentingnya ketahanan pangan. Ia juga sempat menjadi pegawai di Badan Perencanaan Daerah Kota Batu selama lima tahun. Dalam kurun waktu itu dianggapnya seperti kuliah jurusan pemerintahan, memberinya wawasan mendalam tentang perencanaan kebijakan pemerintah daerah. Selanjutnya di tahun 2006 sampai 2007, Cak Nur juga sempat menjadi Penjabat Kepala Desa Sumberejo, sebuah posisi yang diberikan karena aktivitasnya di organisasi kemasyarakatan.
Pada 28 Agustus 2024, Cak Nur resmi mendaftarkan diri ikut Pilwali Kota Batu 2024. Ia didampingi oleh Heli Suyanto yang merupakan politikus Gerindra dan diusung oleh PKB dan Gerindra, serta didukung PSI.
Daun gedi

Daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot, sebelumnya bernama ilmiah Hibiscus Manihot, Tagalog: lagikuway, Thai: Po fai, Inggris: edible hibiscus) atau aibika, merupakan tanaman berbunga dalam keluarga Malvaceae . Sebelumnya diklasifikasikan sebagai spesies Hibiscus tetapi sekarang dikategorikan dalam genus Abelmoschus .
Tumbuhan ini banyak ditemukan di Sulawesi Utara, Gorontalo, dan Sulawesi Tengah. Daunnya berwarna hijau tua dan berbentuk menjari dengan tekstur lembut. Biasanya, daun gedi digunakan sebagai sayuran dan juga lalapan. Salah satu olahan dari daun gedi adalah tinutuan yang juga dikenal sebagai bubur manado dari Sulawesi Utara. Daun gedi berfungsi sebagai pengental alami yang memperkaya tekstur makanan. Selain sebagai bahan pangan, daun ini juga dapat mengobati luka.
Meskipun secara teknis merupakan semak , daun gedi merupakan tanaman tahunan yang, dalam kondisi yang menguntungkan, dapat tumbuh setinggi lebih dari tiga meter. Tanaman ini mudah diperbanyak melalui stek dan relatif tahan penyakit. Oleh karena itu, tanaman ini dibudidayakan secara luas dan sering ditemukan di sepanjang perbatasan taman atau sebagai tanaman sela di taman tropis tradisional. Kebiasaan pertumbuhannya, bersama dengan nilai gizinya, berkontribusi terhadap popularitasnya dalam berkebun di rumah dan hortikultura.
Daun gedi terkenal dengan khasiatnya yang bergizi tinggi. Daunnya kaya akan vitamin esensial, termasuk kandungan vitamin A dan C yang tinggi , serta zat besi . Selain itu, mereka mengandung sekitar 12% protein berdasarkan berat keringnya, menjadikan daun gedi sebagai sumber makanan yang berharga. Daunnya biasa dimasukkan ke dalam berbagai masakan seperti tinola , sinigang , pinangat , atau digunakan dalam salad di daerah seperti Filipina .
Daun gedi adalah sayuran populer di Sulawesi. Bagi orang asli Sulawesi Utara makan Bubur Manado (tinutuan) tidak lengkap jika tidak ditambahkan daun gedi ini sebagai campuran. Daun gedi mempunyai fungsi sebagai penambah rasa gurih serta mengentalkan. Selain lezat, daun gedi juga kaya akan vitamin A, zat besi dan serat yang baik untuk saluran pencernaan. Kolagen terkandung di dalam daun ini juga bermanfaat antioksidan dan menjaga kesehatan kulit. Mungkin karena banyak mengandung serat sehingga menyerap kolesterol dan lemak. Sehingga banyak orang berpendapat bahwa sayur ini dapat membuat orang langsing dan membantu menurunkan kadar kolesterol dan hipertensi. Namun belum ada penelitian khusus tentang hal ini. Karena daunnya banyak mengandung banyak zat kolagen yang bersifat antioksidan, maka berguna untuk merawat kesehatan kulit dan melancarkan peredaran darah.
Media tentang Abelmoschus manihot di Wikimedia Commons
Sawi hijau

Sawi hijau adalah salah satu sayuran daun populer di Indonesia. Nama lainnya adalah sawi bakso (karena menjadi sayuran daun pendamping dalam penyajian bakso) atau caisim/caisin (dari nama bahasa Kanton 菜心, choy sum, yang harafiah berarti "hatinya sayur"). Jenis sawi lain yang juga kadang-kadang disebut sawi hijau adalah pakcoy/petsai atau sawi sendok.
Tumbuhan ini mudah dibudidayakan di kawasan tropis, meskipun berasal dari kawasan Cina selatan yang beriklim subtropis.
Terna berukuran sedang, daun duduk pada batang yang pendek sehingga membentuk roset, terutama ketika belum berbunga, tangkai daun panjang, cenderung gilig (silindris) meskipun pada sisi atas (ventral) dapat cekung ke dalam, helai daun lebar, warna hijau cerah, berbentuk bundar telur (elips/oval). Ketika memasuki tahap reproduksi, batang akan tumbuh memanjang dan daun semakin ke atas semakin mengecil dan diakhiri dengan infloresens bunga.
Bunga lengkap, tersusun majemuk, pada rangkaian (infloresens) tersusun tandan, kelopak dan mahkota empat helai, warna mahkota biasanya kuning cerah (ada yang putih atau jingga). Buah memanjang, kering ketika matang, berbentuk mirip polong namun memiliki dua dauh buah dan disebut siliqua. Biji kecil, berwarna coklat gelap sampai hitam.
Sebagai sesama sayuran daun, sawi hijau kadang dikacaukan dengan sawi sendok maupun kailan. Sawi hijau berbeda dari sawi sendok (pakcoy) yang berukuran lebih kecil dan tangkai daun melebar (tidak gilig). Sawi hijau juga tidak sama dengan kailan, yang berdaun lebih kaku dan cenderung tidak roset penampilan tanamannya.
Sawi hijau sangat populer sebagai sayuran pendamping pada makanan seperti bakso,mie ayam,nasi goreng dll serta beberapa masakan dengan pengaruh dari Tiongkok. Dalam budidaya, biasanya dipanen pada usia 3 bulanan setelah penanaman. Bagian yang dikonsumsi adalah helai daun dengan tangkainya, yang jarang dimakan sebagai lalapan. Pengolahan sering kali dengan cara direbus.
Sawi merah
Ranti

Ranti, terung hitam atau leunca (Solanum nigrum) adalah tumbuhan anggota suku terung-terungan (Solanaceae) yang buahnya dikenal sebagai sayuran dan juga menjadi bahan pengobatan. Tumbuhan ini berasal dari Asia Barat dan telah menyebar ke seluruh penjuru dunia karena mampu hidup dalam kondisi tertekan. Dalam bahasa Inggris lebih dikenal dengan (European) black nightshade. Buah ranti berbentuk bulat dengan diameter kurang dari 1 cm dan berwarna hijau ketika muda dan keunguan saat matang. Buah ini dapat dikonsumsi langsung atau digunakan dalam masakan. Salah satu olahan kuliner dari ranti adalah ulukutek leunca oncom dari Jawa Barat.
Terna atau perdu semusim atau tahunan, tergantung tempat hidupnya. Tumbuhan ini menyukai kawasan ladang atau kebun yang terang. Tingginya mencapai 120 cm. Batangnya cenderung tidak berkayu, ditutupi rambut halus. Daunnya dapat mencapai panjang 7 cm dan lebar 5 cm, bercangap di tepinya, dan permukaannya dapat ditutupi rambut. Bunga tersusun dalam rangkaian, mahkotanya berwarna putih kehijauan, dengan kepala sari kuning tegak, menutupi putiknya. Buahnya biasanya kecil, kurang dari satu cm diameternya, sewaktu muda berwarna hijau dan berangsur ungu pekat ketika masak. Di India terdapat pula galurnya.
Buah mengkal dan matang dapat mengandung racun, tergantung galurnya. Buah yang dapat dimakan berasal dari kultivar yang hanya mengandung racun dalam kadar yang rendah. Untuk itu, disarankan untuk tidak mengonsumsi buah ranti di sembarang tempat.
Buah ranti telah digunakan sebagai obat-obatan lebih dari 2.000 tahun yang lalu, di Indonesia, ranti banyak dikonsumsi sebagai lalapan atau sayuran. Dalam bahasa Sunda, ranti dikenal sebagai leunca.
Lalap

Lalap atau lalapan adalah daun-daun muda, mentimun, petai mentah, dan sebagainya yang dimakan bersama-sama dengan sambal dan nasi; ulam.
Lalap menyerupai salad, yang banyak dijumpai di makanan barat, walau begitu khas bagi lalap adalah bahwa sayur-sayur lalap tidak dimakan bersama saus (dressing) atau bumbu-bumbu. Lalap biasa dimakan bersama nasi dan lauk-pauk lainnya (ayam goreng, ikan goreng, sambal, dan sebagainya). Sayur-sayuran yang biasa digunakan antara lain selada, daun pohpohan, reundeu, kol, ranti, daun jambu mete, jengkol, petai, daun mangga muda, kenikir, peria, terong hijau, beluntas, kacang panjang, timun, tomat, daun pepaya, daun singkong, sintrong, dan kemangi. Sayur-sayuran ini biasanya dihidangkan dalam keadaan mentah, tetapi untuk sayur-sayuran seperti daun singkong dan daun pepaya, biasanya direbus terlebih dahulu sebelumnya. Karena terdiri dari banyak sayuran yang belum dimasak, lalap banyak mengandung serat yang baik bagi pencernaan. Lalap banyak di jual di pasaran. Mulai dari pasar tradisional sampai pasar modern. Umumnya, pedagang kaki lima yang menyajikan aneka varian sambal seperti ayam goreng, ayam bakar, ikan goreng, ikan bakar, ikan asin, tahu, tempe goreng, karedok dan lainnya biasa menjadikan lalap ini sebagai pelengkap menu makanan mereka.
Lalapan tercantum dalam Prasasti Jeru-jeru yang berangka 930 Masehi dan Prasasti Taji yang berangka 910 Masehi era Kerajaan Medang (Mataram Kuno). Kata lalap sendiri berasal dari bahasa Jawa lalap (varian dari lalab) yang diturunkan dari bahasa Jawa Kuno lalab yang berarti 'nama jenis hidangan (bahan mentah tak dimasak, dedaunan, sayur-sayuran, dan sebagainya yang dimakan dengan nasi), lalap ulam'.
Lalapan telah menjadi budaya masyarakat Sunda, dipengaruhi oleh tanahnya yang subur dan iklim sejuk, memungkinkan sayuran tumbuh melimpah. Lalapan ternyata tak mencakup dedaunan muda saja melainkan umbi, buah muda, bunga, dan biji-bijian. Dalam naskah abad ke-15 Sanghyang Siksa Kandang Karesian, disebutkan ragam rasa masakan seperti asin, pedas, pahit, asam, gurih, dan manis.
Ercis

Ercis, kacang ercis, atau kacang polong (Lathyrus oleraceus Lam., suku polong-polongan atau Fabaceae) merupakan tumbuhan penghasil sayuran berupa biji berwarna hijau. Ercis didatangkan oleh kolonial Belanda ke Indonesia karena sayuran ini populer di Eropa sebagai bagian dari salad atau sup. Nama "ercis" adalah pinjaman dari bahasa Belanda (erwtjes, "ercis kecil").
Biji ercis kaya karbohidrat serta protein dan cepat membuat kenyang ketika dimakan.
Tumbuhan yang berasal dari Asia Kecil ini masih sejenis dengan kapri (sering kali dicampuradukkan penamaannya). Berbeda dengan kapri, ercis hanya dimakan bijinya dan hampir tidak pernah dimakan dengan polongnya seperti kapri. Sejak ribuan tahun lalu telah dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan namun sekarang penggunaannya lebih banyak sebagai sayuran atau pakan.
Dalam budidaya di Indonesia, ercis tumbuh baik di daerah pegunungan berhawa sejuk dengan ketinggian 700 meter di atas permukaan laut, pada suhu seperti di daerah asalnya.
Kacang polong biasa dijual dalam bentuk segar (dengan polong) di pasar tradisional Eropa, tetapi sekarang banyak dijual dalam kemasan di pasar swalayan, baik dalam kaleng (dengan pemanasan), dikeringkan, maupun dibekukan. Pembekuan dianggap lebih baik karena mempertahankan kandungan gizi di dalam biji ercis.
Masakan di Indonesia yang banyak menggunakan ercis kebanyakan merupakan makanan dengan pengaruh Eropa serta Tiongkok. Sup ercis (erwtensoep dalam bahasa Belanda) merupakan sup yang memberikan sentuhan tempo doeloe bagi kalangan senior di Indonesia. Sejumlah salad juga menggunakan kacang ini. Masakan dengan pengaruh dari Tiongkok bagian selatan, seperti nasi goreng dan fuyonghai (masakan dari telur yang disajikan dengan saus tomat bersama dengan kacang polong) menggunakan kacang ercis sebagai pemberi aksen. Cara memasaknya biasanya dengan ditumis. Bijinya yang dikeringkan sering dijadikan makanan kecil di Malaysia, Thailand, dan Taiwan.
Masakan Turki, Arab, serta Eropa Selatan juga banyak menggunakan ercis. Di Amerika Serikat ercis adalah sumber protein nabati populer dan sering menjadi makanan sehari-hari.
Bayam duri

Bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus) adalah spesies tanaman berbunga dari genus amaranthus termasuk ke dalam suku Amaranthaceae. Nama lain dari tumbuhan ini yaitu bayam kerui (Lampung); senggang cucuk (Sunda); bayam eri, bayam raja, bayam roda, bayam cikron (Jawa); tarnyak duri, tarnyak lakek (Madura); bayam kikihan, bayam siap, kerug pasih (Bali); kedawa mawau, karawa rap-rap, karawa in asu, karowa kawayo (Minahasa); sinau katinting (Makassar); podo maduri (Bugis); maijanga, ma hohoru (Halmahera Utara); baya (Ternate); loda (Tidore).
Kandungan pada Bayam Duri ini terdapat Amarantin, rutin, spinasterol, hentriakontan, tanin, kalium nitrat, kalsium oksalat, garam fosfat, zat besi, serta vitamin. Bayam duri, terkadang dianggap sebelah mata. Dibandingkan bayam sayur biasa, meski rasanya sama, tumbuhan ini jarang disentuh.
Padahal, banyak yang tidak menyadari, selain enak, tumbuhan ini penuh khasiat, menyembuhkan berbagai macam penyakit seperti disentri, bisul, keputihan, gangguan pernafasan, bronkitis, serta mperlancar dan memperbanyak produksi ASI. Tumbuhan Bayam duri secara empiris digunakan untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit diantaranya eksim, disentri dan diare. Aktivitas antibakteri dari daun bayam duri ini masih belum banyak diteliti. Tanaman ini juga mempunyai sifat masuk meridien jantung dan ginjal. Menghilangkan panas (antipiretik), peluruh kemih (diuretik), menghilangkan racun (anti-toksin) menghilangkan bengkak, menghentikan diare dan membersihkan darah. Tanaman ini juga bersifat.
Secara historis, tanaman ini telah digunakan untuk mengurangi peradangan dan rasa sakit, mengobati luka, dan obat malaria.
Tumbuhan ini banyak tumbuh liar di kebun-kebun, tepi jalan, tanah kosong dari dataran rendah sampai dengan ketinggian 1.400 meter di atas permukaan laut.Tingginya dapat mencapai 1 meter.Tumbuhan ini dapat dikembangbiakkan melalui bijinya yang bulat, kecil dan hitam. Sebagai tanda khas dari tumbuhan bayam duri yaitu pada pohon batang, tepatnya di pangkal tangkai daun terdapat duri, sehingga orang mengenal sebagai bayam duri. Bayam duri tumbuh baik di tempat-tempat yang cukup sinar matahari dengan suhu udara antara 25–35 derajat Celcius.
Akar tanaman bayam duri sama seperti akar tanaman bayam pada umumnya, yaitu memiliki sistem perakaran tunggang. Batang tanaman bayam duri ini kecil berbentuk bulat, lunak dan berair. Batang tumbuh tegak bisa mencapai satu meter dan percabangannya monopodial. Batangnya berwarna merah kecoklatan. Yang menjadi ciri khas pada tanaman ini adalah adanya duri yang terdapat pada pangkal batang tanaman ini.
Memiliki daun tunggal. Berwarna kehijauan, bentuk bundar telur memanjang (ovalis). Panjang daun 1,5 cm sampai 6,0 cm. Lebar daun 0,5 sampai 3,2 cm. Bunga terdapat di axilaar batang. Merupakan bunga berkelamin tunggal, yang berwarna hijau. Setiap bunga memiliki 5 mahkota. panjangnya 1,5-2,5 mm. Kumpulan bunganya berbentuk bulir untuk bunga jantannya. Sedangkan bunga betina berbentuk bulat yang terdapat pada ketiak batang. Bunga ini termasuk bunga inflorencia. Buahnya berbentuk lonjong berwarna hijau dengan panjang 1,5 mm. Bijinya berwarna hitam mengkilat dengan panjang antara 0,8–1 mm.
Bayam kakap

Amaranthus hybridus, biasa disebut bayam hijau, bayam kakap, bayam halus, atau bayam merah, merupakan salah satu spesies tumbuhan berbunga tahunan. Ini adalah spesies bayam berdaun ramping yang sekarang ditemukan di sebagian besar Amerika Utara dan diperkenalkan ke Eropa dan Eurasia.
Amaranthus hybridus tumbuh dari akar tunggang pendek dan tingginya bisa mencapai 2,5 m. Ini adalah tanaman dengan daun yang mulus tanpa bulu.
Amaranthus hybridus awalnya merupakan tanaman pionir di Amerika Utara bagian timur. Telah dilaporkan telah ditemukan di setiap negara bagian kecuali Wyoming, Utah, dan Alaska . Hal ini juga ditemukan di banyak provinsi di Kanada, dan di beberapa bagian Meksiko, Hindia Barat, Amerika Tengah, dan Amerika Selatan . Ini telah dinaturalisasi di banyak tempat dengan iklim hangat. Tumbuh di berbagai tempat, termasuk di habitat yang terganggu.
Ini sangat bervariasi, dan banyak spesies Amaranthus lainnya diyakini merupakan hibridisasi alami atau berasal dari A. hybridus .
Meskipun mudah dikendalikan dan tidak terlalu kompetitif, tanaman ini dikenal sebagai gulma berbahaya pada tanaman di Amerika Utara.
Biji dan daun yang dimasak bisa dimakan.
Tanaman ini digunakan untuk makanan dan obat-obatan oleh beberapa kelompok penduduk asli Amerika dan pengobatan tradisional Afrika . Ini adalah salah satu spesies yang dikonsumsi sebagai Quelite quintonilli di pasar makanan Meksiko.
Yamaha Mio

The Yamaha Mio is a scooter with a CVT transmission made by Yamaha Motor. It was introduced for the Southeast Asia market in 2003 as the successor of the Nouvo. In Malaysia, this model is known as Yamaha Ego. As 2007, there were some 76,000 Ego customers in Malaysia. Together with its counterpart the Yamaha Nouvo, the Mio/Ego is a platform for customization in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and the Philippines.
Based on sales performance and also technical studies of its predecessor Yamaha Nouvo by Yamaha's R&D team, in 2003 Yamaha Motor successfully developed and marketed Yamaha Mio in Southeast Asia countries and in March 2004, Hong Leong Yamaha (HLY) introduced this model in Malaysia, renaming it Yamaha Ego.
2006 brought some new changes to the Mio. It was renamed and since then has been known as the Yamaha Mio Soul (except for the Malaysian market).
Physical change also can be seen in the 2006 model specifications. This includes an aggressive facelift by the Yamaha team: it features newly design V-shape headlight for better vision range at night and new body stripes. The engine, however, remained the same as in the 2003 model. For safety concerns, the taillight was re-designed with the addition of a retroreflector device.
For the Malaysian market, HLY again renamed the scooter as the Yamaha Ego S (S for Sport) and launched it in October 2007. The launch ceremony took place at the Sheraton Subang Hotel in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
2012 changed from carburetor to fuel injected with big pulley CVT, with DiaSil cylinder and forged piston to reduce engine weight.
In 2014, all models switched to a new 125cc engine, using biggest size pulley in CVT and short range belt CVT, making more constant speed and easier acceleration in uphill. DiaSil cylinder engine with forged piston and lighter body structure reduce weight, this scooter has different fuel efficiency, better fuel economy than the previous version.
All Yamaha Mios are produced by Yamaha Motor Philippines.
"i" = fuel injected
MIO MIO 125i
All Yamaha old and new model range are produced by PT Yamaha Indonesia Motor Manufacturing.
All Yamaha Ego old and new range are produced by Hong Leong Yamaha Motor Sdn. Bhd. (HLY).
Farfalle

Farfalle (Italian: [farˈfalle]) are a type of pasta. The name is derived from the Italian word farfalle (butterflies). In the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, farfalle are known as strichetti (a local word for 'bow ties'). A larger variation of farfalle is known as farfalloni, while the miniature version is called farfalline. Farfalle date back to the 16th century in the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions of Italy.
Farfalle come in several sizes, but they all have a distinctive "bow tie" shape. Usually, the farfalle are formed from a rectangle or oval of pasta, with two of the sides trimmed to a ruffled edge and the center pinched together to make the unusual shape of the pasta. A ridged version of the pasta is known as farfalle rigate.
In addition to plain and whole-wheat varieties, colours are added by mixing certain ingredients into the dough, which also affects the flavor (as with any pasta). For example, beetroot can be used for red, spinach for green and cuttlefish ink for black. Green, white, and red varieties are often sold together in a mix that recalls the colors of the flag of Italy.
Media related to Farfalle at Wikimedia Commons
New York Tugboat Race

The New York Tugboat Race is a contest for working tugboats held on the Hudson River every Fall on the Sunday before Labor Day. It was founded in part by Captain Jerry Roberts, who also serves as its chief announcer. Boats race one nautical mile from 79th Street to Pier 84 at 44th Street in Manhattan. The race is the occasion for a dockside festival.[1] Events currently include nose-to-nose pushing competitions, a line toss competition, and best mascot/costume contests between the crews. After the award, the spectators of the race can compete in events that include a knot tying competition, an on land line toss competition and a spinach eating competition. The spinach eating competition is in honor of the Popeye the sailor cartoon character. Spectators can also pay to get a seat on a tug boat during the events.
Similar contests are held on the Detroit River and the St. Mary's River.
The Great North River Tug Boat Race and Competition, or as it is more commonly known the New York Tug Boat Race or the Hudson River Tugboat Race, was first held in 1991. The event put on by the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum and headed by Captain Jerry Roberts. The original course started 79th Street Boat Basin and ended at Pier 86 or as it is also known the Intrepid Pier. The Intrepid Museum held the event for its first 13 years. Captain Jerry Roberts left the Intrepid Museum staff after the 2004 event.
Sponsors, co-sponsors and contributors to the event have included Hudson River Park Trust, Friends of Hudson River Park, New York City Department of Environmental Protection, Circle Line Sightseeing Cruises, NYC Economic Development Corporation, Reinauer Transportation, McAllister Towing, Miller’s Tugs & Barge, Kirby Offshore Marine Metropolitan Marine Transportation, Bren Transportation, Vane Brothers, P.D. O’Hurleys, Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum, United States Coast Guard, United States Coast Guard Auxiliary, Raritan Riverkeeper, New York City Fire Department, United States Army Corps of Engineers, Allens Inc – Popeye Spinach, Whole Foods Market, South Street Seaport Museum, David Cunningham, architect, West 44th Street Block Association, Floating the Apple, Meg Black (WHC) Program Director, Capt. Steve Bendo, Capt. Maggie Flanagan, Nelson Chin, Mike Abegg, Lee Miller, Jean Preece.
Wisloski, J. (2012, 11). Breaking News, New York News, Local Neighborhood News - DNAinfo.com New York. Hudson River Tugboat Race Makes Waves - DNAinfo.com New York.Retrieved April 21, 2013, from https://web.archive.org/web/20130609092801/http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20120902/hells-kitchen-clinton/great-hudson-tugboat-race-takes-waves
Lo mein

Lo mein (traditional Chinese: 撈麵/撈麪; simplified Chinese: 捞面; Cantonese Yale: lou min; pinyin: lāo miàn) is a Chinese dish with noodles. When prepared in the Cantonese style, it is often topped with or accompanied by meat (such as char siu or beef brisket), wontons, or vegetables, and may be served with a bowl of broth for dipping.
The term lo mein comes from the Cantonese 撈麵, meaning "stirred noodles". The Cantonese use of the character 撈, pronounced lou and meaning "to stir", in its casual form, differs from the character's traditional Han meaning of "to dredge" or "to scoop out of water" in Mandarin, in which case it would be pronounced as laau or lou in Cantonese (lāo in Mandarin). In Mandarin, the dish is called lāo miàn. In its country of origin, it is made of thin flour-and-egg noodles which are notable for their elastic texture.
In northern China, bàn miàn (拌面) can refer to many other types of wheat noodles without egg, including laghman in Xinjiang.
In Cantonese cuisine, lo mein (撈麵) typically consists of boiled wheat noodles that are tossed in a sauce, such as oyster sauce, or are served with a sauce alongside. It may be accompanied by items such as wontons, char siu, or beef brisket. Unlike chow mein, Cantonese-style lo mein is not traditionally pan-fried or stir-fried.
In American Chinese restaurants, lo mein is a popular take-out food and is sometimes considered synonymous with chow mein. The dish is distinct from both Cantonese lo mein and Cantonese crispy chow mein. U.S. lo mein noodles are usually stir-fried with a sauce made from soy sauce and other seasonings. Vegetables such as bok choy and cabbage can be mixed in and meats like roast pork, beef or chicken are often added. Shrimp lo mein, lobster lo mein, vegetable lo mein, and "house" lo mein (more than one meat) are sometimes available.
In Indonesian Chinese cuisine, lo mein is made using egg noodles or "mie hokkien". Egg noodles are made of wheat flour and eggs, commonly formed as a ribbon shape.
Breynia androgyna

Breynia androgyna, also known as katuk, star gooseberry, or sweet leaf, is a shrub grown in some tropical regions as a leaf vegetable. Its multiple upright stems can reach heights of 2.5 meters and bear dark green oval leaves of length 5–6 centimetres.
It is native to India, Bangladesh, Indochina, southern China including Hainan, Malesia, and New Guinea. It inhabits tropical and subtropical humid lowland forests, where it grows on brushy slopes and sunny forest margins from 100 to 400 m elevation. It is cultivated up to 1,300 m.
It contains high level of provitamin A carotenoids, especially in freshly picked leaves, as well as high levels of vitamins B and C, protein and minerals. The more the leaves mature, the higher the nutrient content.
One study has suggested that excessive consumption of uncooked and juiced katuk leaves can cause lung damage due to its high concentrations of the alkaloid papaverine.
It is one of the most popular leafy vegetables in South and Southeast Asia and is notable for high yields and palatability. It can be cultivated specifically for edible asparagus-like stems using heavy fertilization, this cultivation variant is known as "Sabah vegetable." The stems are otherwise not edible.
In Indonesia, the flowers, leaves, and small purplish fruits of Breynia androgyna has been consumed and used traditionally since ancient times by the Javanese and Sundanese ethnic groups as the alternative medicine in a form of Jamu (traditional concoction native to Java island, originally formulated by the Javanese) to improve the circulation of blocked breast milk for breastfeeding mothers. Interestingly, according to modern research findings on the efficacy of this herb, indicates that the extract of the Breynia androgyna leaf increases the expression of prolactin and oxytocin genes 15 to 25 times in breastfeeding mice.
In Malaysia, it is commonly stir-fried with egg or dried anchovies.
In Vietnam, the shoot tips have been sold in cuisine and used similarly like the asparagus; the locals usually cook it with crab meat, minced pork or dried shrimp to make a soup.
Various studies have confirmed that Breynia androgyna has notable phytochemical constituents and various pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity activities.
Although the exact cause is unknown, an association with bronchiolitis obliterans and the consumption of large quantities of uncooked Breynia androgyna leaves or raw juice leading to lung failure has been reported.
Breynia androgyna is a good source of provitamin A carotenoids, and vitamin C and vitamin B.
Dwarf rainbowfish

The dwarf rainbowfish (Melanotaenia praecox) is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae. It is known under a number of common names including diamond rainbowfish, neon rainbowfish, Praecox rainbowfish, dwarf neon rainbowfish, peacock rainbowfish, and Teczanka neonowa. It is endemic to the Mamberamo River basin in West Papua in Indonesia and common in the aquarium trade.
The species reaches up to 5 cm (2.0 in) in length, but there are reports of individuals up to 8 cm (3.1 in). Males tend to be brighter in color and have deeper bodies than the females. Their bodies are bright blue and iridescent, and their fins are colorful. This species is active and is known to jump out of water.
The species occupies small, slow-moving tributaries in regions with rainforest.
M. praecox is considered to be omnivorous. This species is considered to be an egg-scatterer, so it is easy to breed.
It is a schooling fish, inhabiting the areas near the surface of their native rivers. Males will fight during spawning (which happens in the early morning ), often encircling and nipping one another, along with a display by extending their fins and increasing their intensity of iridescence. Females will then spawn continuously for several days whilst the male fertilises the eggs. They will hatch within a week
Despite their size, this fish requires a tank of 15 gallons or more, with a length of at least 50–60 centimetres to accommodate their energetic nature. Schools of no less than six should be kept, with as much as or more females than males to limit infighting and disperse aggression.
Whilst they are generally peaceful, males will spar with each other or other male rainbowfish especially in the morning. This should not be an issue unless there are less females in the tank or the school is too small. They can be kept with practically any tropical freshwater fish that is not large or aggressive enough to eat them.
Owing to their omnivorous habits, it is advised to feed them a varied diet, including diced leafy greens and the occasional live food such as mosquito larvae and brine shrimp as it will stimulate their instincts and enhance their colours.
This species will appreciate a heavily planted tank, including floating plants to make them feel safe from what would be overhead threats in the wild. They enjoy temperatures around 25°C and a pH of 7.
ශ්‍රියානි අමරසේන

ශ්‍රියානි අමරසේන-1944 June 14 ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ප්‍රවීණ රංගන ශිල්පිනියක හා ටෙලි නාට්‍ය නිෂ්පාදිකාවක වෙයි.
ලෙස්ටර් ජේම්ස් පීරිස් මහතා විසින් අධ්‍යක්ෂණය කරන ලද ගොළු හදවත, දෑස නිසා සහ අහසින් පොළවට යන චිත්‍රපටි ඇය විසින් රංගනයෙන් දායක වූ චිත්‍රපට ලෙස හැඳින්විය හැක.
ශ්‍රියානි අමරසේනගේ පළමු නිෂ්පාදනය වූවේ දත් කැකුළු පාලා වෘතාන්තයයි. මීට අමතරව ඇය විසින් ලන්ඩනය පසුබිම් කර ගනිමින් ටෙලි නාට්‍ය ත්‍රිත්වයක් නිෂ්පාදනය කල අතර, ඉන් පළමු ටෙලිනාට්‍ය ද්විත්වය වූ, ඉරබටු තරුව සහ හේමන්තයේ වසන්තයක්, යන නාට්‍ය ජාතික රූපවාහිනිය ඔස්සේ විකාශය විය.
චංදොක්ගුං

චංදොක්ගුං (හංගුල්, 창덕궁, 昌德宮; සාහිත්‍යමය, "සමෘද්ධිමත් ගුණාංග මාලිගය"), හෙවත් චංදොක්ගුං මාලිගය නැතහොත් චංදොක් මාලිගය පිහිටියේ දකුණු කොරියාවේ සෝල් හි ජොංනෝ-ගු හි විශාල උද්‍යානයක් මධ්‍යයේ ය. මෙය ජොසොන් රාජවංශයේ (1392-1897) රජවරුන් විසින් ඉදිකරන ලද "පංච මහා මාලිගා" අතුරින් එකකි. මෙය ග්‍යොංබොක් මාලිගයට නැගෙනහිරින් පිහිටි නිසා, චංදොක්ගුං සමඟ චංග්යොංගුං මාලිගා එක්ව "නැගෙනහිර මාලිගය" (동궐, 東闕, දොංවොල්) ලෙස හඳුන්වනු ලබයි.
චංදොක්ගුං මාලිගය බොහෝ ජොසොන් කුමාරවරුන්ගේ ප්‍රියතම ස්ථානයක් වූ අතර, එහි වඩාත් නූතන ග්‍යොංබොක්ගුං මාලිගයෙහි දක්නට නොලැබෙන, කොරියාවේ තුන් රාජධානි යුගයට අයත් අංගයන් පවා දක්නට ලැබේ. එවැනි එක් අංග ලක්ෂණයක් වන්නේ චංදොක්ගුං හි ගොඩනැගිලි භූමියෙහි ස්වාභාවික පිහිටීමට ගැළපෙන අයුරින් නිර්මාණය කොට තිබීමයි. සෙසු පංච මහා මාලිගා සේම මෙම මාලිගය ද කොරියාවේ ජපන් පාලන සමය (1910–1945) තුළ ඉමහත් හානියට ලක් විය. වර්තමානය වන විට, නැගෙනහිර මාලිගා සංකීර්ණයෙහි (චංදොක්ගුං සමඟ චංග්‍යොංගුං) පූර්ව-ජපන් පාලන යුගයට අයත් ගොඩනැගිලිවලින් 30% ක් පමණ ශේෂව පවතියි.
චංදොක්ගුං හා සබැඳි මාධ්‍ය විකිමාධ්‍ය කොමන්ස් හි ඇත
සැකිල්ල:Chinese garden styles
ග්යොංහුයිගුං

ග්‍යොංහුයි මාලිගය (කොරියානු බසින්: ග්‍යොංහුයිගුං, අර්ථය සන්සුන්භාවයේ මාලිගය) යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ දකුණු කොරියාවේ සෝල් හි පිහිටා තිබූ මාලිගයකි. මෙය ජොසොන් රාජවංශ සමයේ ඉදිවූ "පංච මහා මාලිගා" අතුරින් එකකි.
සැකිල්ල:SouthKorea-struct-stub
දොක්සුගුං

දොක්සුගුං, නැතහොත් ග්‍යොන්ගුන්-ගුං, දොක්සුගුං මාලිගය, හෙවත් දොක්සු මාලිගය යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ සෝල් හි පිහිටි ප්‍රාකාරමය මාලිගා සංකීර්ණයකි. 1910 ජපානය විසින් කොරියාව ඈඳාගන්නා තෙක්ම කොරියාවේ ජොසොන් රාජකීයයන්ගේ නිවහනක් ලෙස මෙය පැවතිණි. මෙය ජොසොන් රාජවංශ සමයේ ඉදිවූ "පංච මහා මාලිගා" අතුරින් එකකි.
ඛණ්ඩාංක: 37°33′58″N 126°58′29″E﻿ / ﻿37.56618°N 126.97485°E﻿ / 37.56618; 126.97485
Morris Arkin

Morris Arkin (October 18, 1910 – November 19, 1996) was a Washington D.C. native and retired stockbroker whose backyard experiments in tree propagation helped expand the market for Florida-grown star fruit and macadamia nuts.
Mr. Arkin graduated from Central High School and attended what is now George Washington University. Mr. Arkin was a stage actor and later worked in real estate. He served in the U.S. Army in India during World War II. After World War II, he married Sylvia Swerling, and they lived in Washington, D.C. In 1952, they moved with their children to Coral Gables, Florida, where he worked as a stockbroker and later managed the brokerage office until 1981.
During the late 1960s, Mr. Arkin began cultivating plants and trees in his backyard, eventually developing a variety of carambola, or star fruit, that became commercially viable and was named after him. Until the early 1970s, carambola had been grown only as specimen trees in botanical gardens and experiment stations and as a curiosity in home landscapes. However, because of its attractive star shape when cut in cross-section and yellow to golden color, it began to grow in popularity. Fruit from early introductions were however, sour and sometimes considered unpalatable. This limited market and public acceptance, inhibiting development and expansion of carambola as a commercial fresh fruit. Mr. Arkin cultivated the "Arkin" variety – a sweet carambola with good handling characteristics – in the mid to late 1970s. Soon afterward, the limited commercial area of carambola under cultivation in south Florida (4 to 12 ha) was top-worked to "Arkin" and this new cultivar led to a rapid increase in consumer demand for the fruit which further stimulated interest in establishing new commercial plantings. Today, the "Arkin" variety represents 98% of the current acreage in South Florida.
The publication Tropical Fruit News noted that he also worked to establish the "papershell" macadamia as a commercial tree for South Florida, now known as the "Arkin Papershell" variety.
He sold trees to growers in Florida.
Mr. Arkin worked with his trees right up until his death from a pulmonary edema and heart attack in 1996. Sylvia Arkin died in 2007. Mr. Arkin is survived by three daughters, a sister, a brother, six grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren.
Dots (candy)

Dots, or Mason Dots (trademarked DOTS), is an American brand of gum drops marketed by Tootsie Roll Industries. According to advertisements, more than four billion Dots are produced from the Tootsie Roll Industries Chicago plant each year. Dots are vegan, gluten-free, nut-free, peanut-free, and kosher. They come in various flavors and varieties.
Dots gum drops were introduced in 1945 by Mason and trademarked that year. In 1972, Tootsie Roll Industries acquired the Dots brand by purchasing the Mason Division of Candy Corporation of America. Prior to that acquisition they were manufactured by Mason, AU and Magenheimer Confectionery Manufacturing Company of Brooklyn and later Mineola, New York. According to advertisements, more than four billion dots are produced from the Tootsie Roll Industries Chicago plant each year. Tootsie Roll Industries claims that "since its 1945 launch," the candy has become "America's...#1 selling gumdrop brand".
Crows are the oldest candy in the Dots family, first created in the late 19th century. Original dots date back to 1945, Tropical Dots to 2003, and Yogurt Dots to 2007. Sour Dots were introduced in 2009–2010.
Current flavors for "Original Dots" include cherry (red), lemon (yellow), lime (green), orange (orange), and strawberry (pink). Sour Dots have five flavors, and are created with citric acid: cherry, lemon, orange, grape, and green apple. Flavors for Tropical Dots include Island Nectar, Wild Mango, Grapefruit Cooler, Carambola Melon, and Paradise Punch; and for Yogurt Dots, Banana, Orange, Blackberry, and Lemon-Lime.
Crows, black licorice flavored gum drops, are also considered to be part of the Dots family, created in the 1890s by confectioners Ernest Von Au and Joseph Maison. There is an urban legend that Crows were supposed to be called "Black Rose", but the printer misheard the name as "Black Crows" and printed wrappers with the wrong name on them. However, research—including the fact that the name was copyrighted before the candies ever came with wrappers—reveals that this story is not true.
In addition, to current varieties of Original Dots (also known as Mason Dots), Tropical Dots, Yogurt Dots, Sour Dots, and Crows, past varieties (including special short-term promotional offerings) have included:
Three special Halloween varieties of Dots have been marketed:
Other holiday specialties have included:
Other varieties and flavors have included:
Dots contain: Corn syrup, sugar, food starch-modified, malic acid, natural and artificial flavors, sodium citrate, and artificial colors.
According to PETA, Dots are vegan, and according to the Tootsie Roll Industries website, they are gluten-free, nut-free, peanut-free, and kosher (officially certified kosher by the Orthodox Union as of December 1, 2009).
Dillenia suffruticosa

Dillenia suffruticosa, also known as simpoh air, simpor, or CB leaf, is a species of Dillenia found in tropical South East Asia in secondary forest and swampy ground. It is a highly invasive weed in Sri Lanka.
The simpor is the national flower of Brunei, and can be found everywhere across the country. Claire Waight Keller included the plant to represent the country in Meghan Markle's wedding veil, which included the distinctive flora of each Commonwealth country.
The simpor tree is a large, evergreen shrub that grows to 6–10 metres (20–33 ft) metres high. It has a stout trunk and forms thickets.
Its leaves are simple and arranged alternatively like cabbage. Each leaf blade is 12–40 centimetres (4.7–15.7 in) long and 6–12 cm (2.4–4.7 in) wide on 2–6 centimetres (0.79–2.36 in) long petioles. Its young leaves are fuzzy underneath.
The tree flowers after 3 or 4 years.
The flowers bloom on long peduncles facing downwards, 8–13 cm (3.1–5.1 in) wide, and yellow in colour. They have no scent and no nectar. The flower blooms daily at around 3 am and opening flowers are fully opened one hour before sunrise. They are pollinated by bees, small beetles as well as flies that scramble over them. They point up when they produce and develop fruit after they are pollinated, the fruits take up to 5 weeks to fully develop.
The developed fruit is a star-shaped capsule with 7 or 8 rays, it is pink with white borders. It has scarlet pulp with purple or pale brown seeds that have fleshy, bright red arils. The fruits are eaten by birds and even by monkeys.
The plant is found in tropical South East Asia in secondary forest and swampy grounds that are undisturbed forest such as riversides up to 700 m altitude. They can also be found on alluvial places such as swamps, mangroves, riversides, but sometimes also present on hillsides and ridges, which have clayey to sandy soil texture. Dillenia suffruticosa is also found in Sri Lanka, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and in the tropical regions of Singapore, and Hawaii (where it is an introduced species).
Dillenia suffruticosa has other uses, these include medicine and storage. The medicinal properties include the leaves and roots being used against inflammations, itch, stomach ache, and recovery after delivery. The storage properties consist of large leaves of the plant being used to wrap food (tempeh or fermented soy bean cake) instead of using a plastic bag and/or the leaves can be shaped into a cone to contain or hold food (rojak). They can be used to attract birds in urban areas and are planted as an ornamental plant.
Phyllanthus amarus

Phyllanthus amarus is a leafy herbal plant found in tropical regions in the Americas, Africa, India, China,Sri Lanka and South East Asia. Commons names for this plant include gale of the wind, carry me seed, seed on the leaf, pick-a-back, Bhuiavla (Hindi), Bhuiamla (Bengali), stonebreaker, dukung anak (Malay).
Phyllanthus amarus is a small, annual plant that grows to a height of 30–60 cm. Its thin branches spread out, and each branch has two rows of small, elliptic-oblong leaves of 5-10mm long that are arranged alternately. Its radial flowers are star-shaped and of about 2mm in size. It grows well in soil of high moisture with light shade, and reaches maturity in 2–3 months.
Phyllanthus amarus contains flavonoids (quercetin-3-0-glucoside and rutin), tannins (geraniin, amariin and gallocatechin) and alkaloids (phyllantine, quinolizidine type, securinine, norsecurinine, isobubbialine and epibubbialine).
Phyllanthus amarus has been used in the traditional medicine of various cultures, including Amazonian tribes for the treatment of gallstones and kidney stones; in Ayurvedic and සිංහල වෙදකම (Sinhala) medicine for bronchitis, anaemia, diabetes; and in Malay traditional medicine for diarrhoea, kidney ailments and gonorrhea. More recently there have been preclinical and clinical studies looking into the plant's supposed liver-protective abilities and effect on hepatitis B.
According to animal tests, it has hepatic protection against paracetamol hepatoxicity in rats.
Gatesclarkeana erotias

Gatesclarkeana erotias is a moth of the family Tortricidae first described by Edward Meyrick in 1905. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Timor and Thailand.
Larval food plants are Averrhoa carambola, Bauhinia purpurea, Bauhinia tomentosa, Lantana camara, Loranthus, Mallotus repandus, Mangifera indica and Sapindus mukorossi.
Protaetia alboguttata

Protaetia alboguttata is a species of flower chafer found in India, Nepal and Sri Lanka.
They are polyphagous beetle known to destroy brinjal plantations where adults feed on the tender shoots, flowers and flower buds. Attacks are more common in the early morning. In 2000, they were found from maize tassels during rainy season with characteristic aggregation habit. Apart from them, adult aggregations are also found from ripe fruits of Ficus carica, Averrhoa carambola and Carissa carandus.
In 1966, this species was split with a new species described as wiebesi found in Sri Lanka and peninsular India. The difference between wiebesi and alboguttata are claimed to be in the genitalia, the shape of the hind leg, hairiness of hind leg, and the shade of the background colour - greener in alboguttata, violet-black in wiebesi.
Samara (fruit)

A samara (/səˈmɑːrə/, UK also: /ˈsæmər-/) is a winged achene, a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall. A samara is a simple dry fruit, and is indehiscent (not opening along a seam). The shape of a samara enables the wind to carry the seed further away from the tree than regular seeds would go, and is thus a form of anemochory.
In some cases the seed is in the centre of the wing, as in the elms (genus Ulmus), the hoptree (Ptelea trifoliata), and the bushwillows (genus Combretum). In other cases the seed is on one side, with the wing extending to the other side, making the seed autorotate as it falls, as in the maples (genus Acer) and ash trees (genus Fraxinus).
There are also single-wing samara such as mahogany (genus Swietenia) which have a shape that enables fluttering.
Some species that normally produce paired samaras, such as Acer pseudoplatanus, can also produce them in groups of three or four.
A samara is sometimes called a key and is often referred to as a wingnut, helicopter, whirlybird, whirligig, polynose, or, in the north of England, a spinning jenny. During the autumn months, they are a popular source of amusement for people that enjoy tossing them in the air and watching them spin to the ground.