davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Académie française

An Académie française, pe Akademiezh c'hall, pe Akademiezh Bro-C'hall, zo un ensavadur gall krouet gant Armand de Richelieu e 1635, dindan renad ar roue gall Loeiz XIII. Daou-ugent ezel zo enni, pep hini dilennet gant an izili all.
Karget eo an Académie Française :
Ober a reont an Immortels anezho o-unan, pe c'hoazh Les Sages. E-touez ar re-mañ e kaver Jean d'Ormesson, Hélène Carrère d'Encausse, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, Érik Orsenna, Max Gallo, Jean Dutourd ha Michel Mohrt.
Lod a lâr eo an Académie Française un benveg galloud politikel. Int o-unan en em ginnig evel-se. Skeudenn an ensavadur er gevredigezh c'hall zo etre daou, kozh met doujañs zo c'hoazh outo memestra.
Sellit ouzh ar pennadoù :
Erik Orsenna

Erik Orsenna, Erik Arnoult diouzh e anv gwir, a zo ur romantour hag un akademiour gallek ganet d'an 22 a viz Meurzh 1947 e Pariz. Dont a ra e anv-pluenn eus anv ar gêr gozh er romant Le Rivage des Syrtes gant Julien Gracq.
E 2023 e oa bet oc'h ober ur weladenn da skolak Diwan Plijidi.
Jules Simon

Jules François Simon Suisse anvet Jules Simon, bet ganet en Oriant d'ar 27 pe d'an 28 a viz Kerzu 1814 hag aet d'an Anaon e Pariz d'an 8 a viz Even 1896, a oa ur prederour (agregad ha doktor), ur c'helenner hag ur politikour gall. Stourm a reas a-enep politikerezh Jules Ferry ha menoioù Georges Boulanger.
Studiañ a reas e skolaj Gwened ha diwezhatoc'h er Skol-vistri. Mont a reas da gelenner war ar brederouriezh e Caen ha Versailles. Pedet e voe neuze gant Victor Cousin, hag a oa bet e gelenner, da eilañ anezhañ er Skol-vistri ha goude-se er Sorbonne (betek 1851 ma voe digarget).
Kannad e voe e 1848, 1849, 1863 hag addilennet e 1869. Adalek ar 4 a viz Gwengolo 1870 betek an 18 a viz Mae 1873 e voe Ministr an Deskadurezh Publik, ar C'hredennoù hag an Arzoù-Kaer. Anvet e voe da senedour e vuhez-pad d'ar 16 a viz Kerzu 1875, er memes devezh ma voe dilennet d'an Académie Française. Adalek an 12 a viz Kerzu 1876 betek ar 16 a viz Mae 1877 e voe Penn Kuzul ar Vinistred ha Ministr an Diabarzh. D'ar 16 a viz Mae 1877 e lakaas Mac-Mahon anezhañ da reiñ e zilez.
Skrivañ a reas meur a levr ha meur a brezegenn ha meur a bennad e meur a gazetenn ivez, en o zouez Le Siècle, Le Gaulois, Le Matin, Le Temps.
Dougañ a ra e anv: ur skolaj e Gwened, ur skol-vamm hag ur skol kentañ derez e Sant-Nazer, div skol e Bro C'hall (Lille ha Montpellier), ur straed e Roazhon ha peder straed e Bro C'hall.
Ur vedalenn en enor dezhañ a c'heller gwelet e skolaj Gwened, un delwenn war blasenn ar Guatemala e Pariz.
Penn Kuzul ar Vinistred (Bro-C'hall)
Journal des savants

Koshañ mareadeg lennegezh ha skiantoù Europa eo ar Journal des savants ("Kazetenn ar ouizieien"). Embannet e vez c'hoazh hiziv an deiz gant Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (AIBL) ("Akademiezh an Enskrivadurioù hag al Lizhiri Kaer"), unan eus pemp akademiezh an Institut de France ("Ensavadur Bro-C'hall").
Gant Denis de Sallo (1626-1669), kuzulier e Parlamant Pariz, e voe krouet Le journal des sçavans. D'ar 5 a viz Genver 1665 e voe embannet an niverenn gentañ, e Pariz, Bro-C'hall. Daouzek pajenn a oa er gazetenn nevez, ma embannas hec'h aozerion o fal : brudañ ar pezh a oa nevez e Republik al Lizhiri — « pour faire sçavoir ce qui se passe de nouveau dans la République des Lettres », "Republik al Lizhiri" o vout bed ar skiantoù ivez d'ar mare-se.
Dre hanterouriezh Jean-Baptiste Colbert e c'hounezas brient ar roue Loeiz XIV e 1701.
Ur sizhunieg dizingal e voe Le journal des sçavans betek 1723, ha miziek e voe betek ma voe lamet e 1792.. Koulskoude, daouzek niverenn a voe embannet e 1797.
Adal 1816 e teuas er-maez a-nevez, gant an talbenn Journal des savants, evel m'emañ c'hoazh hiziv an deiz. Izili Ensavadur Bro-C'hall a skrive enni, ha gant an Imprimerie Nationale e veze moullet, ha diwar goust ar Stad c'hall betek 1900. En abeg da grennadurioù war kellidsteuñv ar Stad e voe paeet ar moullañ gant Ensavadur Bro-C'hall evit ar bloavezhioù 1901 ha 1902, hag an Ensavadur a voe e penn ar gazetenn betek 1908.
Dre ma teue dizingal an arc'hant d'an Ensavadur ez asantas Akademiezh an Enskrivadurioù hag al Lizhiri Kaer kemer ar gazetenn e karg adalek 1909, a-drugarez da gellidoù ar Fondezon Dourlans. E karg AIBL emañ ar gazetenn hiziv c'hoazh.
Buan e voe kemeret skouer diwar Le journal des sçavans gant Royal Society Londrez : d'ar 6 a viz Meurzh 1665 ez embannas Henry Oldenburg (1619-1677) ar gazetenn viziek Philosophical Transactions. Ar skiantoù e oa he dodenn bennañ. Embannet e vez c'hoazh hiziv an deiz.
Félix Le Dantec

Félix Le Dantec, bet ganet d'an 16 a viz Genver 1869 e Plougastell-Daoulaz ha bet marvet e 1917 e Pariz, a zo ur bevoniour, ur prederour hag ur c'helenner-meur skol-veur. Savet en deus levrioù e-lec'h ez eztaol prederennoù un hollrediour hag un dizoueegour.
Ur mab d'ur mezeg e oa. Mezeg Ernest Renan eo bet e dad. Studiet en deus e skolaj Lannuon, e Lise Brest ha e Lise Jeanson-de-Sailly e Pariz. Pa ne oa nemet c'hwezeg ez eas da Skol Normal Uhel Pariz. E 1888 e teu da vezañ ur prientour e-barzh arnodvaoù Ensavadur Pasteur dindan renerezh Louis Pasteur hag Ilia Metchnikoff. Mont a ra da vezañ kelenner skol-veur goude bezañ tapet an doktorelezh war ar skiantoù e 1891. Gant Auguste Pavie, kefridiad ar Gouarnamant gall hag ergerzher, e veaj da Indez-Sina evel skiantour er bloavezhioù 1890. Dont a rae alies da di e familh (Ti Plad) e Pleuveur-Bodoù, chomet oa barrek da vrezhonegañ.
E anv a zo bet roet da lise publik Lannuon. Roet eo bet e anv d'ur ru e 13vet arondisamant Pariz e 1934. Kavout a reer ruioù o tougen e anv e Brest, Sant-Brieg , Kemper ha Lannuon (etre kroazhent-tro an Ti-Post ha penn kentañ straed Pompidou ha straed Kervenno).
Labouret en deus war ar brotisted, un urzhiad beveien etre al loened hag ar plant. Difennet en deus teoriennoù an hollrediezh da-heul Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. Soutenet en deus ar soliadegezh ha savboentoù Henri Bergson.
Jean Boucher (kizeller)

Jean Marie Théodore Joseph Boucher pe Jean Boucher, ganet d'an 20 a viz Du 1870 e Saozon-Sevigneg hag aet d'an Anaon d'ar 17 a viz Even 1939 e Pariz, a oa ur c'hizeller breizhat.
Lakaet eo bet en douar e bered ar Reter e Roazhon.
Mirdi galloudel Jean Boucher
Emgann Rossignol

Emgann Rossignol zo un emgann kriz e Belgia d'an 22 a viz Eost 1914, e kumun Rossignol (hiriv staget ouzh Tintigny), e Gaume e kreisteiz ar vro, e deroù ar Brezel-bed kentañ, etre an arme alaman en un tu hag an arme c'hall en tu all, Bretoned en o zouez. N'eo nemet un darn avat eus Emgann an Harzoù (met meur a emgann a voe) etre an div arme. Da enebiñ ouzh aloubidigezh Belgia gant an Alamaned en doa roet ar jeneral Joseph Joffre an urzh da dagañ kreiz an arme alaman.
Graet e voe an dagadenn gant ar Pevare Arme c'hall, anezhi ur rejimant trevadennel eus Indez-Sina hag ur rannarme all.
Unan eus ar c'habitened c'hall a oa anvet Paris de Bollardière, un anv a vo brudet war-dro dibenn an XXvet kantved.
Soudarded war-droad an 3 rannarme drevadennel, dindan Léon Amédée François Raffenel, ac'h eas d'an enebour goude urzhioù Joffre, hag en em gavas dirak marc'heien alaman en hanternoz da Rossignol. A-benn ur pennad edont dirak difenn kreñv an Alamaned.
Treiñ foll a reas ar jeneral Raffenel ha lazhet e voe, evel 7 000 soudard all, en o zouez Ernest Psichari, mab-bihan da Ernest Renan.
Un trec'h meur e voe d'al lu alaman, riñset e voe an nerzhioù gall gant 11 388 koll (lazhet, gloazet pe steuziet), pa ne gollas an Alamaned nemet etre 3 473 ha 3 984 soudard.
Kalonek e oa bet an unvezioù gall ha lod anezho bet kollet 70% eus o soudarded. Lazhet e voe ar jeneral Léon Raffenel hag ar penn-brigadenn Charles Rondony ha prizoniet e voe ar penn-brigadenn all Charles Montignault. Darn eus ar brizonidi paket gant an Alamaned a oa gloazet. Peurzistrujet e voe an Trede Rannarme Drevadennel gant 10 520 den lazhet, gloazet pe aet da goll ; 868 all eus an Eil Rannarme drevadennel a voe lazhet pe c'hloazet.
Embann a reas an Alamaned e oa bet bet tennet warno gant tud disoudard e Tintigny ha Rossignol, ma voe lazhet 63 den eus ar vro goude an emgann, ha 122 all goude, pa voent kondaonet gant ul lez-varn ofiserien alaman. Distrujet e voe 183 ti.
Ar rejimantoù trevadennel a oa savet an darn anezho gant Bretoned ha tud eus Provañs.
Skrivañ a ra an Tregeriad Jarl Priel e klevas e Brest e oa bret distrujet e rejimant kozh. Er bajenn 168 e lenner : Ger ebet ne rannas ar c'hazetennoù eus ar gwall-daol-se, ha den ne glevas komz eus Rossignol.
Bodet e voe o 5000 frizoniad gant an Alamaned, da noz an emgann en-eeun hag ivez en deiz war-lerc'h, en norzh da Rossignol, en ul lec'h zo bet anvet « Camp de la Misère » goude, betek ar 25 a viz Eost pa voent kaset da Alamagn. An dud disoudard a voe implijet da zouarañ korfoù an dud hag ar c'hezeg marv e fozioù boutin. En 1917 e voe bodet ar fozioù war-goust ar c'humunioù e teir bered ha ne chom nemet div anezho ken.
Kenderc'hel a reas kiladenn ar IVvet rannarme c'hall en deiz war-lerc'h...
Un aoter zo bet savet da Ernest Psichari e Rossignol, diwar intrudu ar barzh Thomas Braun ha Henri Massis. Klasket ez eus bet lakaat Psichari, soudard a vicher, da haroz broadel gall.
Bretoned zo a zo bet merket o anv e monumantoù o farrez c'henidik:
- (fr)
Henriette Renan

Henriette Renan (French: [ʁənɑ̃]; 22 July 1811 – 24 September 1861) was a French writer.
Renan was born into a fishing family in Tréguier, Brittany, France where she lived in the large house bought by her grandfather. Her father was captain of a small cutter and a staunch Republican. Her mother was only half-Breton since her paternal ancestors hailed from Bordeaux. Her mother's father was a royalist tradesman from the neighbouring town of Lannion. Renan was 17 years old when her father died and she became the head of the household, in particular, taking responsibility for her 5-year-old brother Ernest Renan (he would later become a well known philosopher).
After failing to open a girls' school in Tréguier, Renan moved to Paris to teach, where she met Sophie Ulliac. She became tutor to a Polish family with whom she toured Europe. She later moved to Vienna as tutor for Count Zamoyski.
Renan wrote for Le Journal des jeunes personnes (edited by Sophie Ulliac between 1846 and 1857) and other periodicals under pseudonyms including Emma du Guindy. Since she had become financially independent, she was able to support her mother, pay for her brother's education, and pay off her father's debts. Renan had a great influence on her brother, acting as mother, sister, confidante and adviser.
Renan was more than a secretary for the works on art history conducted by her brother. Ernest Renan relied on her research and on her numerous re-reviews and critiques of his own writings.
In 1860, Henriette joined Ernest and his wife Cornélie in Lebanon while Ernest conducted archaeological investigations in both Lebanon and Syria. They stayed in the home of Zakhia Chalhoub el-Kallab and his son Abdallah Zakhia el Kallab, a notable Maronite family in the Amsheet region of Byblos, whose ancestors had been ennobled by an Ottoman Sultan and who had founded the first hospital in Lebanon, Saint-Michel d'Amchit. Already in poor health, Renan died of malaria in Amsheet on 24 September 1861. She is buried in the vault of Mikhaël Bek Tobia al-Kallab in Amsheet near the church of Notre-Dame.
Ernest Hello

Ernest Hello (4 November 1828 – 14 July 1885) was a French Roman Catholic writer, who produced books and articles on philosophy, theology, and literature.
Born at Lorient, in Brittany, he was the son of a lawyer who held posts of great importance at Rennes and in Paris. He bequeathed the little ancestral estate of Keroman where the philosopher-essayist died. The writer was a first-class student in Rennes and obtained honours as a law graduate at the famous College Louis-le-Grand in Paris, but declined that profession due to its moral ambivalence. Partly under the influence of the works of Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire, Jules Amédée Barbey d'Aurevilly and Louis Veuillot, the latter two being the most brilliant and feared polemical crusaders of the Church in the press, he founded a newspaper Le Croisé ("The Crusader") in 1859 but it only lasted two years due to a disagreement with his co-founder. This was one of the greatest disappointments of his life. However, he wrote much in other papers and thereafter his essays appeared throughout France as well as in Belgium and New Orleans' "Le Propagateur".
Frail from infancy, he also suffered from a spinal or bone disease. This struggle probably tinged his prose with a melancholy strain, which is strikingly original as mentioned in J.-K. Huysmans' work (they shared a veneration of the mystic John of Ruysbroeck). Both writers, like Leon Bloy, are almost impossible to translate. In 1857 he married Zoë Berthier, an army officer's daughter and talented writer herself, who was ten years older and a friend for some years before their marriage. She became his devoted nurse, which brought upon herself abuse from gutter journalists of the time for her estimable guardianship.
Hello's work is somewhat varied in form but uniform in spirit. His best-known book, Physionomie de saints (1875), which has been translated into English (1903) as Studies in Saintship, does not display his qualities best. Contes extraordinaires, published not long before his death, is more original, being often cited for its artistic yet lucid prose.
But Ernest Hello is mostly remembered now for a series of philosophical and critical essays, from Renan, l'Allemagne et l'atheisme (1861), which was re-published in an enlarged edition posthumously, through L'Homme (1871) on life, art and science in relation to present-day life (it was in its 7th edition by 1905), and Les Plateaux de la balance (1880) to the posthumously published Le Siècle, probably his master-work.
The peculiarity of his standpoint and the originality and vigour of his approach make his studies, of Shakespeare, Hugo and others, of abiding importance as literary "triangulation," the results of object, subject and point of view. His interest in the application of philosophy and theology for the modern human condition is an enduring exploration, and indeed steps beyond the stricter parameters of Church thinking to speak to those seeking a way to live as well as fashion a creative perspective.
Translated into English
Philippe Berger

Philippe Berger, born on September 15, 1846, in Beaucourt (Haut-Rhin, currently in the Territoire de Belfort) and died on March 24, 1912, in Paris, was a French orientalist, professor and politician. He was a senator from 1904 to 1912.
Philippe Berger grew up in Paris, where he attended the Lycée Saint-Louis and the Lycée Louis-le-Grand. In 1867, he entered the Faculté de théologie protestante de Strasbourg, met Ernest Renan and began learning Hebrew.
Engaged in the health service of the Loire Army during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, he was awarded the military medal for his conduct during the siege of Paris.
In 1873, he supported a thesis of theology at the Faculty of Montauban, entitled Études des documents nouveaux fournis sur les Ophites par les «Philosophouména» (Studies of new documents provided on the Ophites by the "Philosophouména"), which caught Renan's attention. Thanks to him, he was appointed chief librarian of the Institut de France (1874). Becoming Renan's secretary, he worked with him on the publication of the Corpus inscriptionum semiticarum (in particular on articles dealing with Phoenicia) and was appointed professor of Hebrew at the Faculté de théologie protestante de Paris in 1877.
In 1892, Berger joined the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres in place of Ernest Renan. The following year, he succeeded his master at the Collège de France, where he held the chair of Hebrew until 1910.
Philippe Berger entered politics in 1895, when he was elected general councillor of the canton of Giromagny (Territory of Belfort). Becoming President of the General Council, he won the by- Senate election of the Territory of Belfort in 1904, succeeding Frédéric Japy. He was re-elected without opposition in 1909.
In the Senate, Philippe Berger sat with the democratic left group and participated in several commissions. He died in office.
Coming from a family from Switzerland, settled in Montbéliard since 1660, he was the 3rd son of Eugène Berger, a Protestant pastor, and Louise Caroline Mathilde Pitois (sister of Éléonore, wife of Oscar Berger-Levrault). He had four brothers and a sister:
Semitic people

Semitic people or Semites is a term for an ethnic, cultural or racial group associated with people of the Middle East, including Arabs, Jews, Akkadians, and Phoenicians. The terminology is now largely unused outside the grouping "Semitic languages" in linguistics. First used in the 1770s by members of the Göttingen school of history, this biblical terminology for race was derived from Shem (שֵׁם), one of the three sons of Noah in the Book of Genesis, together with the parallel terms Hamites and Japhetites.
In archaeology, the term is sometimes used informally as "a kind of shorthand" for ancient Semitic-speaking peoples. The use of the term as a racial category is considered obsolete.
The term Semitic in a racial sense was coined by members of the Göttingen school of history in the early 1770s. Other members of the Göttingen school of history coined the separate term Caucasian in the 1780s. These terms were used and developed by numerous other scholars over the next century. In the early 20th century, the pseudo-scientific classifications of Carleton S. Coon included the Semitic peoples in the Caucasian race, as similar in appearance to the Indo-European, Northwest Caucasian, and Kartvelian-speaking peoples. Due to the interweaving of language studies and cultural studies, the term also came to be applied to the religions (ancient Semitic and Abrahamic) and ethnicities of various cultures associated by geographic and linguistic distribution.
The terms "anti-Semite" or "antisemitism" came by a circuitous route to refer more narrowly to anyone who was hostile or discriminatory towards Jews in particular.
Anthropologists of the 19th century such as Ernest Renan readily aligned linguistic groupings with ethnicity and culture, appealing to anecdote, science and folklore in their efforts to define racial character. Moritz Steinschneider, in his periodical of Jewish letters Hamaskir (3 (Berlin 1860), 16), discusses an article by Heymann Steinthal criticising Renan's article "New Considerations on the General Character of the Semitic Peoples, In Particular Their Tendency to Monotheism". Renan had acknowledged the importance of the ancient civilisations of Mesopotamia, Israel etc. but called the Semitic races inferior to the Aryan for their monotheism, which he held to arise from their supposed lustful, violent, unscrupulous and selfish racial instincts. Steinthal summed up these predispositions as "Semitism", and so Steinschneider characterised Renan's ideas as "anti-Semitic prejudice".
In 1879, the German journalist Wilhelm Marr began the politicisation of the term by speaking of a struggle between Jews and Germans in a pamphlet called Der Weg zum Siege des Germanenthums über das Judenthum ("The Way to Victory of Germanism over Judaism"). He accused the Jews of being liberals, a people without roots who had Judaized Germans beyond salvation. In 1879, Marr's adherents founded the "League for Anti-Semitism", which concerned itself entirely with anti-Jewish political action.
Objections to the usage of the term, such as the obsolete nature of the term "Semitic" as a racial term, have been raised since at least the 1930s.
Jean Baubérot

Jean Baubérot (born 26 July 1941 in Châteauponsac, Haute-Vienne), is a French historian and sociologist specializing in sociology of religions. He is the founder of the sociology of secularism.
After holding the chair of "History and Sociology of Protestantism" (1978–1990), he held the chair of "History and Sociology of secularism "(since 1991) at the École pratique des hautes études, where he was the honorary president. He wrote twenty books, including a historical novel. He is coauthor of the Déclaration internationale sur la laïcité, signed by 250 scholars from 30 countries.
Baubérot is the son of teachers. He attended his secondary education at the Lycée Gay-Lussac in Limoges. At the Paris-Sorbonne University, he was awarded doctor for history (under the direction of Jean-Marie Mayeur) for letters and human sciences, he graduated from the École pratique des hautes études (EPHE).
He started as technical contributor at the EPHE in 1967, then he became research assistant in 1971, then director of studies in 1978. He chaired the Section of Religious Sciences between 1986 and 1994. He was appointed Chairman of the School in 1999.
He founded in 1995 and directed in 2001 the Group of Sociology of religion and secularism (EPHE-CNRS). Between 1997 and 1998, he was appointed technical adviser to the cabinet of Ségolène Royal.
He was the sole member of the Stasi Commission to have abstained on the vote of the report which led to the development of the French law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools.
He is also a member of the Société internationale de sociologie de la religion (SISR) and chaired the Ernest Renan society in 1995 and 1996.
Baubérot was awarded a Knight in France's Legion of Honour
Participation in collective works:
Hiram's Tomb

33°13′34″N 35°16′26″E﻿ / ﻿33.22611°N 35.27389°E﻿ / 33.22611; 35.27389 Hiram's Tomb (Arabic: ضريح حيرام, romanized: Darih Hiram, lit. 'Hiram's mausoleum' or Arabic: قبر حيرام, romanized: Qabr Hiram, lit. 'Hiram's grave') is a large limestone sarcophagus and pedestal located approximately 6 km (3.7 mi) southeast of Tyre, Lebanon, near the village of Hanaouay on the road to Qana.
Although traditionally attributed to Hiram I, it has been dated to the Persian period, 4–6 centuries after the supposed time of Hiram. It shows some similarity with other Persian tombs such as the Tomb of Cyrus and Gur-e-Dokhtar.
Louis Félicien de Saulcy, who visited the tomb shortly after Renan's excavations in 1860-1861, but published his work beforehand, wrote that "All this has only been half-excavated, and would require intelligent exploration, only after which the tomb of Hiram will say its last word." Renan responded by writing: "I don't believe Hiram's Tomb will ever say its last word, as it has no inscription. One day, people smarter than me will study it; but I doubt they will find anything other than what we found. The excavation that we made of this monument was complete."
According to Edward Robinson in his Biblical Researches in Palestine, the first published mention of the proposed connection to Hiram was made by Vere Monro in his description of his 1833 journey to the region. Vere Monro described it as follows:
In his 1861 Mission de Phénicie, the French scholar Ernest Renan studied the monument. He began by explaining:
Renan went on to explain his view that the naming of the tomb must have been the work of some French or English tourist of the first quarter of the 19th century, who had wanted to hear the name of the famous Biblical personality, and he described the process of myth-making around Biblical sites in the region, particularly in Jerusalem.
The structure is 4 meters long by 3 meters wide, with an overall height of 7 meters including the 2 meter high sarcophagus.
During Renan's excavations in 1860-61, a staircase was found to be carved out of the rock leading into a large empty cavern adjacent to the structure and its foundations. The arrangement of the foundations suggested that the staircase and cavern pre-dated tomb, which appeared to have been built on top. Concrete appears to have been poured into another cavern directly underneath, to create foundations for the monument.
تمثال نفرتيتى

تمثال نفرتيتى (Nefertiti Bust) هوا تمثال و منحوته و اكتشاف اثرى فى مصر.
تمثال نفرتيتى لاقاه فريق تنقيب المانى عن الآثار بقيادة عالم المصريات لودفيج بورشاردت فى تل العمارنه بمصر سنة 1912 و اتحط باكتر من مكان فى المانيا.
تمثال نفرتيتى عمله تحتمس سنة 1349 قبل الميلاد و مكونات موضوعه بتصور ست و نفرتيتى و صل.
التمثال هوا عمل فنى بيجسد الاشكال الواقعيه الكامله لاشخاص او حيوانات او اشكال فى ماده متينه زى الخشب او المعدن او الحجر, التماثيل النموذجيه بتكون بالحجم الطبيعى او قريبه من الحجم الطبيعى.
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
نفرتيتى

نفرتيتى Nefertiti كانت بتتنطق فى وقتها حاجة زى نفراتى ː تا (حوالى 1370 قبل الميلاد—حوالى 1330 قبل الميلاد), معنى اسمها "الجميلة وصلت", كانت الزوجه الملكيه العظمى للملك المصرى امنحوتپ الرابع اللى سمى نفسه أخناتون فرعون الاسرة الثامنة عشر المشهور, و حماة توت عنخ امون.
نفرتيتى كانت كمان معروفه فى كل اماكن مصر بسبب جمالها. و انها لحد اخترعت ماكياجها باستخدام نبات الجالينا. اسمها تقريبا يترجمل"الجميلة (او الكمال) وصلت". اسمها كمان هو اسم نوع من العقود ممدود من الذهب الخالص و الجواهر, و اسمه نيفر.
بعض العلما بيعتقدو أن نفرتيتى حكمت مصر لفترة قصيرة بعد وفاة جوزها وقبل حكم توت عنخ امون تحت اسم انخبورور (نفرنفرواتون) لكن ده مش مؤكد .
شاركت الملكة نفرتيتى جوزها فى عبادة الديانة الجديدة وهى عبادة أتون قوة قرص الشمس و كانت هى و جوزها الوسيط بين الشعب و أتون, ومن ألقابها الملكية ال مرات الملكية العظمى, و نفرتيتى خلفت من أخناتون ست بنات:
ابتدا أمنحوتپ الرابع فى السنة الرابعة من حكمه (1346 قبل الميلاد) عبادة أتون و بنا عاصمة جديدة. قاد الملك ثورة دينية, لعبت نفرتيت فيها دور بارز.
وفى فترة حكم اخناتون (و ممكن بعد كده) اتمتعت نفرتيتى بسلطة مالهاش مثيل قبل كده, و فى السنة الاتناشر من حكمه, فيه أدلة على أن نفرتيتى ممكن تكون ارتفعت لمركز مشارك فى الحكم فى مساواة مع فرعون نفسه.
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
لودفيج بورشاردت

لودفيج بورشاردت (Ludwig Borchardt وتنطق: لودفيگ بورشارت) (5 اكتوبر 1863 - 12 اغسطس 1938) عالم مصريات المانى. عثر على تمثال نفرتيتى فى 6 ديسمبر 1912م، فى ورشة النحات تحتمس فى تل العمارنه.
بورشاردت هرب التمثال الكامل (غير المخدوش) لمنزله فى حى الزمالك بالقاهرة، ومن هناك هربه لالمانيا، أغلب الظن مخفى ضمن قطع فخار محطمة غير ذات قيمة، مرسلة لبرلين للترميم. قدم لمصر عام 1895م لمساعدة جاستون ماسبيرو فى عمل كتالوج للمتحف المصرى. فى سنة 1905م، أسس بورشاردت معهد الشرق الألمانى Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft فى القاهرة، واستمر مديراً له لحد 1928م.
قام بحفريات فى تل العمارنة، حيث اكتشف ورشة النحات تحتمس، وفيها الكتير من التماثيل منها تمثال نفرتيتي، قام كمان بحفريات فى هليوبوليس وفى مقابر نبلاء الدولة المصرية القديمة فى ابو غراب. تقديراً لاكتشافاته فى عمارة مصر الفرعونية فقد أنعم عليه القيصر بوسام، ولاحق عينه مستشاراً ثقافى فخرى فى السفارة الألمانية بمصر. توفى فى باريس فى 12 اغسطس 1938.
الفن فى اليونان القديمه

يبرز الفن اليونانى القديم بين غيره من الثقافات القديمه بتطوير التصوير الطبيعى لكن المثالى لجسم الإنسان، فكانت الشخصيات الذكوريه العاريه لحد كبير هى محور الابتكار بشكل عام. كان معدل التطور الأسلوبى بين حوالى 750 و 300 قبل الميلاد ملحوظ وفق للمعايير القديمه، ويظهر ذلك بشكل احسن فى الأعمال الباقيه فى النحت . كان فيه ابتكارات مهمه فى الرسم، واللى كان لا بد من إعادة بنائها بشكل أساسى بسبب عدم وجود بقايا أصلية ذات جوده عاليه، بخلاف مجال الفخار المرسوم المتميز.
ينقسم تاريخ الفخار اليونانى القديم حسب الأسلوب لخمس فترات:
المانيا النازيه

المانيا النازيه (اسم رسمى:الرايخ التالت) (المانيه:Deutsches Reich) دى المقصود بيها الفتره اللى حكم فيها النازيين المانيا من سنة 1933 لسنة 1945 وانتشار افكار النازيه، وده كان فى فترة حكم هتلر لالمانيا. انتهى حكمهم بغزو قوات الحلفا لبرلين فى نهاية الحرب العالميه التانيه.هتلر ناس كتير حاولوا يغتالوه لدرجه ان عدد المحاولات كان تلاته وعشرين محاوله
فريق المانيا تحت 20 سنه لكورة القدم

فريق المانيا تحت 20 سنه لكورة القدم ، المعروف كمان باسم المانيا تحت 20 سنه أو المانيا تحت 20 سنه ، يمثل ألمانيا فى اتحاد كرة القدم عند مستوى أقل من 20 سنه و بيديره الاتحاد الألمانى لكرة القدم ، و هو الهيئة الادارية لكرة القدم فى المانيا .
علشان مافيش منافسات لأقل من 20 سنه على مستوى الاتحاد الأوروبى لكرة القدم فريق المانيا تحت 20 سنه لكورة القدم لعب بشكل سنة ماتشات تنافسية بس لما يتأهل لكأس العالم تحت 20 سنة FIFA ، اللى بتحصل كل سنتين. من موسم 2017-18 ، شاركت المانيا كمان فى دورى النخبة تحت 20 سنه ، و كسبت بالموسم الافتتاحي.
فردي
فريق
فردي
قالب:Germany national football teamقالب:Football in Germanyقالب:National Youth football teams of Europe
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لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
متحف اثار اخناتون

متحف اخناتون هوا متحف تحت الانشاء فى مدينة المنيا, بدا الشغل بالمشروع سنة 2002 و هو تالت اكبر المتاحف فى مصر واكبر متاحف صعيد مصر يوثق لتاريخ الفراعنة فى المنيا وقصة مدينة "أخت تون" المعروفة بتل العمارنة وقصة الملك إخناتون مع الملكة نفرتيتى وفكرة توحيد الإلهة بهذه المدينة اللى عاش فيها إخناتون نحو 17 سنه. و ما تمش استكمال الانشاء بسبب مشاكل التمويل.
بلغت تكلفة المتحف 150 مليون جنية، وتم تصميم المتحف على شكل هرم، ويتكون من 5 طوابق ويتضمن قاعات عرض ومدرسة للترميم، ومنطقة للعروض المفتوحة ومبنى إدارى ومعرض لبيع الكتب والهدايا، إضافة لمرسى سياحى لاستقبال السفن ومتحف مكشوف.
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
متحف الحلفاء

خطأ لوا في وحدة:Location_map على السطر 538: لا يمكن العثور على "وحدة:Location map/data/Berlin" و"قالب:خريطة مواقع Berlin" غير موجود. متحف الحلفاء ( المانى :AlliiertenMuseum ) هو متحف فى برلين . و هو يوثق التاريخ السياسى والالتزامات والأدوار العسكرية للحلفاء الغربيين ( الولايات المتحدة وفرنسا وبريطانيا ) فى المانيا - و بالخصوص برلين - بين سنين 1945 و 1994 ومساهمتهم فى الحرية فى برلين خلال فتره الحرب الباردة .
يقع المتحف على كلايالي، و هو طريق شريانى اتسمى على اسم الجنرال لوسيوس د. كلاى (1898-1978)، فى حى داهليم بحى ستيغليتز-زيلندورف الجنوبى الغربي. لحد إعادة توحيد المانيا فى سنة 1990، كانت المنطقة فى القطاع الامريكانى من برلين الغربية بعد الحرب. كانت المبانى القريبة من مقر الجيش الامريكانى تضم دار سينما امريكانيه تسمى المخفر ، ومكتبة نيكولسون التذكارية. اتفتح المتحف سنة 1998، فى الذكرى الخمسين لجسر برلين الجوى ، بحضور المستشار هيلموت كول . الدخول مجاني.
من وقت إغلاق مطار برلين تمبلهوف فى سنة 2008، أعلن متحف الحلفاء عن اهتمامه بالانتقال لالمطار القديم فى مرحلة ما.
تمثال الاشرعه البيضاء

تمثال الاشرعه المنطلقه هوا تمثال شهير يقع امام مكتبة الاسكندريه فى ميدان السلسله بحى الازاريطه بمدينه الاسكندريه انشاه النحات المصرى فتحى محمود سنة 1962, و التمثال عباره عن وحش براس تور و جسد مموج زى البحر بيحتضن امراه جميله شبه عروس البحر, بيتضمن التمثال قصة خلق الاسكندريه من خلال اسطوره قديمه عن اله البحر اللى بيتمثل ساعات فى هيئة تور احكم قبضته على فتاه جميله بترمز الى الاسكندريه.
انتصب تمثال «الاشرعه» فى سنة 1968 على نتوء قديم اتعرف بــ«راس لوكياس», و بيتميز النتوء بسلسله طويله من الصخور. و اكتشفت بقايا اسوار الاسكندريه الاغريقيه تحت ميه السلسله, كمان اتلاقى بقايا عمدان و تيجان و عملات فضيه.
بيقول الدكتور عزت قادوس, استاذ الآثار اليونانيه والرومانيه بكليه الآداب بجامعه الاسكندريه «ان راس لوكياس فى نفس مكان القصر الملكى لكليوباترا, و كان معبد ايزيس لوكياس و معبد بوسيدون اله البحار, و استراحه ماركوس انطونيوس «التيمونيوم»».
تمثال "السلسله":
1- النحات المصرى فتحى محمود انشا التمثال سنة 1962, على شكل ثور يحتضن امراه جميله واهداه الى محبوبته بمدينه الاسكندريه, والتمثال يجسد وحش براس ثور وجسد مموج زى البحر يحتضن امراه جميله اشبه بعروس البحر ومستوحى من قصه خلق الاسكندريه من خلال اسطوره قديمه عن اله البحر اللى يتمثل ساعات فى هيئه ثور قد احكم قبضته على فتاه جميله ترمز الى الاسكندريه.
2- حاول البعض تفسير شكل التمثال, فقالوا انه هو تمثال زيوس فى هيئه التور واوروبا الجميله اللى استسلمت له, اما الاشرعه فهى العبور فى الزمن والمكان الى فضاء العظمه فى التاريخ, واللون الابيض هو النور اللى تبادلته الاسكندريه مع اوروبا.
3- سمى تمثال السلسله نسبه الى مكان وضعه, وضع فى ميدان السلسله بالازاريطه و هو نتوء قديم عرف بــ"راس لوكياس", و كان يحتوى على سلسله طويله من الصخور و اكتشفت بقايا اسوار الاسكندريه الاغريقيه تحت ميه السلسله, كما عثر على بقايا عمدان وتيجان وعملات فضيه.
4- اتعرض التمثال لعوامل التعريه و الاهمال و بعد ما فضل فى حاله مزريه ب سنين تم ترميمه سنة 2013
تمثال الحريه (نيويورك)

تمثال الحريه اسمه الكامل: تمثال الحريه بتنور الدنيا هو تمثال قدمته فرنسا هديه للولايات المتحده الامريكيه سنة 1886.التمثال واقف فى ليبيرتى ايلاند (جزيرة الحريه) فى مدخل مينا مدينة نيو يورك، الامريكان عاملين دعايه ليه علا اساس انه يرحب بالمهاجرين الجداد لامريكا و التمثال واحده ست لابسه روب و ماسكه فى ايدها اليمين شعلة الحريه و فى ايدها الشمال ماسكه كتاب منقوش عليه باللاتينى 4 يوليه 1776 اللى هو تاريخ الاستقلال الامريكى. علا راسها تاج طالع منه 7 اشعه ترمز لقارات العالم السبع و هيا واقفه علا قاعدة مربعة التمثال نفسه طوله 46 متر من الرجلين لقمة الشعله بس بيوصل ل 93 متر لما نضيف القاعده. تمثال الحريه من اكتر الحاجات اللى بتميز امريكا كدوله و بتمثلها بقيمها و مبادئها فى نفوس الامريكان كلهم.
تمثال الحريه فى جزيرة الحريه فى خليج نيو يورك بينه و بين مدينة جيرسى (ولاية نيوجيرسى) 600 متر و هو فى الجنوب الغربى من منهاتن بينه و بينها 2.5 كيلومتر ، مساحته 490000 متر مربع.
تمثال الحريه شكل الاهه رومانيه قديمه اسمها ليبريتاس Leibertas يعنى حريه و اللى بتعبر عن التحرر من العبوديه و القهر و الاستبداد .
بارتولدى فى زيارة ليه لمصر انبهر بمشروع قناة السويس اللى بيشتغل فيه صاحبه المهندس الفرنساوى فيرديناند ديليسيبس،و اتخيل وجود مناره ضخمه فى مدخل القناه و رسم سكيتش للتمثال اللى كان نسخه مصريه من الالهه الرومانيه ليبيريتاس و خلاها تشبه الفلاحه المصريه شايلة شعله نار و موجهاها ناحية السما.بارتولدى اتقدم بمشروعه للخديوى الخديوى اسماعيل سنة 1867 و بعدين عمل شوية تعديلات و اتقدم بيه تانى سنة 1869 و فى المرتين المشروع ما توافش عليه بسبب المشاكل الماليه اللى كانت مصر يتمر بيها فى الوقت دا. و بعديها عملت فرنسا بتبرعات الشعب تمثال الحريه و قدمته لامريكا هديه.
نفرتيتى ملكه النيل (فيلم)

نفرتيتى ملكه النيل (Nefertiti, Queen of the Nile) هوا فيلم انتج فى ايطاليا من نوع فيلم دراما و فيلم سيره ذاتيه.
نفرتيتى ملكه النيل من اخراج فيرناندو سيركيو و كتب السيناريو فيرناندو سيركيو.
بطوله:
نفرتيتى ملكه النيل (فيلم) على موقع قاعدة بيانات الأفلام على الإنترنت - IMDb (الإنجليزية)
نفرتيتى و اخناتون (فيلم قصير)

نفرتيتى و اخناتون فيلم مكسيكى قصير من انتاج سنة 1973.
نفرتيتى و اخناتون اتعمل سنة 1973 و كان من اخراج راول ارايزا.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله عن فيلم. و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
تمثال الملك

تمثال الملك (King's Statue) هوا تمثال فى المملكه المتحده.
تمثال الملك فى منطقه اداريه اسمها وايمث.
تمثال الملك مكونات موضوعه بتصور جورج التالت ملك المملكه المتحده.
التمثال هوا عمل فنى بيجسد الاشكال الواقعيه الكامله لاشخاص او حيوانات او اشكال فى ماده متينه زى الخشب او المعدن او الحجر, التماثيل النموذجيه بتكون بالحجم الطبيعى او قريبه من الحجم الطبيعى.
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله, و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
تمثال الملكه ان

تمثال الملكه ان (Statue of Queen Anne) هوا تمثال فى المملكه المتحده.
تمثال الملكه ان فى منطقه اداريه اسمها مدينة ويستمينستر.
تمثال الملكه ان عمله فرانسيس بيرد سنة 1705 و مكونات موضوعه بتصور آن ملكه بريطانيا العظمى.
التمثال هوا عمل فنى بيجسد الاشكال الواقعيه الكامله لاشخاص او حيوانات او اشكال فى ماده متينه زى الخشب او المعدن او الحجر, التماثيل النموذجيه بتكون بالحجم الطبيعى او قريبه من الحجم الطبيعى.
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
تمثال الملكه فيكتوريا

تمثال الملكه فيكتوريا (Statue of Queen Victoria) هوا تمثال فى المملكه المتحده.
تمثال الملكه فيكتوريا فى منطقه اداريه اسمها بريستول.
تمثال الملكه فيكتوريا عمله جوزيف ادجار بوهم سنة 1888 و مكونات موضوعه بتصور ست و فيكتوريا ملكه المملكه المتحده.
التمثال هوا عمل فنى بيجسد الاشكال الواقعيه الكامله لاشخاص او حيوانات او اشكال فى ماده متينه زى الخشب او المعدن او الحجر, التماثيل النموذجيه بتكون بالحجم الطبيعى او قريبه من الحجم الطبيعى.
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله, و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
تمثال الملكه فيكتوريا (تمثال فى اوستراليا)

تمثال الملكه فيكتوريا (Statue of Queen Victoria) هوا تمثال فى اوستراليا.
تمثال الملكه فيكتوريا فى منطقه اداريه اسمها سيتى اوف سيدنى.
تمثال الملكه فيكتوريا عمله چوهن هوجيس سنة 1908 و مكونات موضوعه بتصور ست و فيكتوريا ملكه المملكه المتحده و صولجان و كره.
التمثال هوا عمل فنى بيجسد الاشكال الواقعيه الكامله لاشخاص او حيوانات او اشكال فى ماده متينه زى الخشب او المعدن او الحجر, التماثيل النموذجيه بتكون بالحجم الطبيعى او قريبه من الحجم الطبيعى.
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله, و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
تمثال الملكه فيكتوريا (تمثال فى مالطا)

تمثال الملكه فيكتوريا (Statue of Queen Victoria) هوا تمثال فى مالطا.
تمثال الملكه فيكتوريا فى منطقه اداريه اسمها فاليتا.
تمثال الملكه فيكتوريا عمله جيوسيپ ڤالينتى سنة 1891 و مكونات موضوعه بتصور فيكتوريا ملكه المملكه المتحده.
التمثال هوا عمل فنى بيجسد الاشكال الواقعيه الكامله لاشخاص او حيوانات او اشكال فى ماده متينه زى الخشب او المعدن او الحجر, التماثيل النموذجيه بتكون بالحجم الطبيعى او قريبه من الحجم الطبيعى.
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله, و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
تمثال رمسيس التانى

تمثال رمسيس التانى (Statue of Ramesses II) هوا تمثال فى مصر.
تمثال رمسيس التانى موجود فى معبد ميت رهينه العظيم جنب ممفيس فى مصر.
تمثال رمسيس التانى مكونات موضوعه بتصور رمسيس التانى.
التمثال هوا عمل فنى بيجسد الاشكال الواقعيه الكامله لاشخاص او حيوانات او اشكال فى ماده متينه زى الخشب او المعدن او الحجر, التماثيل النموذجيه بتكون بالحجم الطبيعى او قريبه من الحجم الطبيعى.
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله, و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
البيرتينا

متحف البيرتينا (بالالمانى: Albertina) هو متحف موجود فى نص ڤيينا فى النمسا.اتسمى المتحف على اسم مؤسسه الدوق البيرت كاسيمير فون ساشسين-تيشين.معروض فى صالات المتحف اكتر من 65,000 رسمه و اكتر من مليون عمل فنى قديم (قبل 1830) لمجموعه من اعظم الرسامين القدام و الجداد زى البريخت دورير و ليوناردو دا فينشى و مايكلانجلو و ريمبرانت و بيتر بول روبينس و ادوارد مانيه و بول سيزان.
قدام المبنى بتاع المتحف محطوط نصب تذكارى للضحايا بتوع الحرب العالميه التانيه.
Egyptian Museum of Berlin

The Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection of Berlin (German: Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung) is home to one of the world's most important collections of ancient Egyptian artefacts, including the Nefertiti Bust. Since 1855, the collection is a part of the Neues Museum on Berlin's Museum Island, which reopened after renovations in 2009.
The museum originated in the 18th century from the royal art collection of the Hohenzollern kings of Prussia. Alexander von Humboldt had recommended that an Egyptian section be created, and the first objects were brought to Berlin in 1828 under King Friedrich Wilhelm III. Initially housed in Monbijou Palace, the department was headed by the Trieste merchant Giuseppe Passalacqua (1797–1865), whose extensive collections formed the basis. A Prussian expedition to Egypt and Nubia led by Karl Richard Lepsius in 1842–45 brought additional pieces to Berlin.
In 1850, the collections moved to its present-day home in the Neues Museum, built according to plans designed by Friedrich August Stüler. The Nefertiti Bust, discovered during the excavations by Ludwig Borchardt in Amarna, was donated to the museum by the entrepreneur Henri James Simon in 1920; it quickly became its best-known exhibit. After World War II, during which the Neues Museum was heavily damaged by strategic bombing, the collections were divided between East and West Berlin. The main part remained in East Berlin and was displayed at the Bode Museum, while those artifacts evacuated to West Germany, including the Nefertiti Bust, returned to West Berlin. From 1967 to 2005, these items were housed vis-à-vis Charlottenburg Palace. The whole collection was reunited again after the Reunification of Germany, when it returned to Museum Island.
The collection contains artefacts dating from between 4000 BC (the Predynastic era) to the period of Roman rule, though most date from the rule of Akhenaten (around 1340BC).
The most famous piece on display is the exceptionally well preserved and vividly coloured bust of Queen Nefertiti. The collection was moved from Charlottenburg to the Altes Museum in 2005 and was rehoused within the newly reconstructed Neues Museum on Berlin's Museum Island in October 2009.
The museum is home to at least 23 mummified ancient Egyptians. In the 2020s the CT scans were performed on the mummies as part of a study into the mummification of hearts. At the same time the CT scans were examined to try and establish the mummified individuals sex and the age at which they died.
52°31′13″N 13°23′52″E﻿ / ﻿52.520239°N 13.397741°E﻿ / 52.520239; 13.397741
German Museum of Technology

Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin (German Museum of Technology) in Berlin, Germany is a museum of science and technology, and exhibits a large collection of historical technical artifacts. The museum's main emphasis originally was on rail transport, but today it also features exhibits of various sorts of industrial technology. In 2003, it opened both maritime and aviation exhibition halls in a newly built extension. The museum also contains a science center called Spectrum.
The Museum of Traffic and Technology (Museum für Verkehr und Technik) was founded in 1982 and assumed the tradition of the Royal Museum of Traffic and Construction (Königliches Verkehrs- und Baumuseum) which was opened in the former Hamburger Bahnhof station building in 1906. The present-day museum is located on the former freight yard attached to the Anhalter Bahnhof in the Kreuzberg district of Berlin, including two historic roundhouses and several office buildings.
Renamed Deutsches Technikmuseum in 1996, the exhibition area was gradually expanded. An adjacent new building complex was inaugurated in 2003, topped by a prominent US Air Force Douglas C-47B "Raisin Bomber", which can be seen with ease from the top of the Fernsehturm and formerly at the Tempelhof Airport.
An extensive railway collection opened in 1987/88 in the rebuilt 19th century roundhouses of the Anhalter Bahnhof locomotive depot (Bahnbetriebswerk) that had lain derelict for about 30 years. The 33 tracks illustrate the history of rail transport, including the deportations of Jews and others by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in The Holocaust. The exhibition also features a H0 scale model of the Anhalter Bahnhof track installations.
Locomotives on display include:
A large aviation section beside the C-47 houses numerous aircraft from the single Jeannin Stahltaube to a Lufthansa Junkers Ju 52 (Spanish aircraft built by CASA under license) and an Arado Ar 79. The museum addresses the flight enthusiasm of the early 20th century and its abuse in the German re-armament building up the Luftwaffe, documented by an Arado Ar 96, a wrecked Junkers Ju 87 Stuka dive bomber and the current restoration of a Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor as well as by one of three preserved Messerschmitt Bf 110, a Flak cannon, and a V-1 flying bomb built by Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp inmates at the Mittelwerk site. Post-war aircraft including a VFW-Fokker 614 and the Cessna 172P that Mathias Rust flew to the Moscow Red Square during the Cold War have also been added to the exhibition.
The remains of Avro Lancaster B III JA914 are displayed. This aircraft served with 57 Squadron as DX-O. It was shot down over Berlin in September 1943 and crashed into a lake opposite Zahrensdorf.
On 15 May 2002, a special exhibition opened which featured the inventions of computer pioneer Konrad Zuse, including a replica of the Z1 and several other Zuse computers.
The museum has two windmills (one German, one Dutch), a brewery, and a forge powered by a water wheel.
Michelle Moran

Michelle Moran (born August 11, 1980) is an American novelist known for her historical fiction writing.
Michelle Moran was born in California's San Fernando Valley, August 11, 1980. She took an interest in writing from an early age, purchasing Writer's Market and submitting her stories and novellas to publishers from the time she was twelve. She majored in literature at Pomona College. Following a summer in Israel where she worked as a volunteer archaeologist, she earned an MA from the Claremont Graduate University.
Her experiences at archaeological sites were what inspired her to write historical fiction. A public high school teacher for six years, Moran is currently a full-time writer living in England.
Her first book (2003) was Jezebel, telling the story of this biblical character, a phoenician princess, grown up in a society which granted women relatively strong freedom rights and even powerful positions. She marries Ahab, the king of Israel and experiences intense cultural shock with this patriarchal society and its prophet Elia. This book was only published in Germany (titled Die Phönizierin). 2016 Morgan guessed a publication in the USA not likely because "Biblical fiction is a tough sell right now".
Her ensuing books turned national bestselling historical fiction novels.
The novel Nefertiti is placed in ancient Egypt and tells the story of Nefertiti's sister Mutnodjmet and the events of Nefertiti's marriage to Amenhotep IV until the time of her death. According to WorldCat, the book is held in 984 libraries.
The Heretic Queen tells the story of Nefertari, wife of Ramesses the Great and niece of the "heretic queen", Nefertiti.
Cleopatra's Daughter tells the story of Cleopatra Selene II and Alexander Helios, the twin children of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony, in the aftermath of the great queen's death as well as living in Rome in the court of Octavian.
Her fifth book, Madame Tussaud, tells the story of Marie Grosholtz, the future "Madame Tussaud", and her rise to prominence as a wax artist during the French Revolution. It was optioned by Gaumont for a miniseries in 2011. Michael Hirst is writing the script.
Her sixth book, "The Second Empress," explores the lives of the women in Napoleon Bonaparte's world. This novel tells the story of Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma, Empress of France and Pauline Bonaparte.
Her seventh book, Rebel Queen, is set in India and talks about the queen Lakshmibai of Jhansi.
Her ninth book is "Mata Hari's Last Dance", telling the story of the famous dutch dancer and spy Mata Hari.
The tenth book, Maria, tells the story of the austrian singer and writer Maria von Trapp.
Totto

Totto es una marca colombiana que fabrica y comercializa, mochilas, productos de viaje, accesorios y también comercializa ropa. Cuenta con presencia internacional.
En 2023, fue la segunda expresa textil más grande de Colombia en cantidad de ventas, solo por detrás de Leonisa.
Totto fue fundada en 1987 por Yonatan Bursztyn, un empresario colombiano de ascendencia judía. La compañía inició como una fábrica de marroquinería llamada Nalsani S.A.S., enfocada en la producción de artículos de cuero. Sin embargo, con el tiempo, la empresa evolucionó y amplió su catálogo de productos, incorporando mochilas y maletas con diseños funcionales y materiales innovadores.
En 1992, comienza su proceso de internacionalización con la apertura de una tienda en Costa Rica.​ Luego, en 1997 abre tiendas en Venezuela y Ecuador. En 1999 entra al mercado guatemalteco.
En 2003, abre su primera tienda en Bolivia.​
En 2019, firma un acuerdo de participación con Sebastián Yatra.​
En 2021, lanza su lineal de productos para mascotas.​ Ese mismo año fue la empresa encargada de suministrar la indumentaria oficial del comité colombiano que participo en los juegos olímpicos de 2020.​ También fue el año que lanzo su nueva imagen corporativa.​
En 2024, fue la empresa encargada de suministrar la indumentaria oficial del comité colombiano que participo en los juegos olímpicos de 2024.​
Totto es reconocida principalmente por su línea de mochilas y maletas, pero con el tiempo ha diversificado su oferta de productos para incluir: