davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Pangalay

Pangalay (also known as Daling-Daling or Mengalai in Sabah) is the traditional "fingernail" dance of the Tausūg people of the Sulu Archipelago and eastern coast Bajau of Sabah.
The dance has a similarity to classical Balinese and Thai dances, and involves the movements of the shoulders, elbows, and wrists
The Pangalay is predominantly performed during weddings or other festive events. The male equivalent of the Pangalay is the Pangasik and features more martial movements, while a pangalay that features both a male and female dancer is called Pangiluk.
The original concept of the Pangalay is based on the pre-Islamic and Buddhist concept of male and female celestial angels (Sanskrit: Vidhyadhari, Tausug: Biddadari) common as characters in other Southeast Asian dances.
Neighbouring Sama-Bajau peoples in the Philippines call this type of dance, Umaral or Igal, and they sometimes use bamboo castanets as substitutes for long fingernails.
A variant of the dance called Pakiring is practiced by the people of Mindanao, Sulu and Sabah. The dance emphasizes the sideways swaying movement of the hips (kiring-kiring).
A traditional song called Kiriring Pakiriring often accompanied the pakiring dance. The lyrics of the song are in the Sama language and are thought to have originated from Simunul, where the language is spoken.
A song based on the dance became widely popular nationwide in the Philippines when it was released in 1998 by Filipino cover band Gaya Band under the title Dayang Dayang (literally "princess of the first degree") after the song's chorus. The track first appeared on their album Best Of Tunog Hataw (Mega Dance Hits in Tagalog Version) and then as part of the compilation album titled Sayaw Pinoy released in 2000 through Dyna Records. Before this, the identity of the singer, its authenticity as the original and the language it was sung in remained a matter of debate for almost two decades, with speculations claiming that the singer was Malaysian or Tausug, and that the lyrics were seemingly gibberish. But in 2024, the singer-songwriter of the original version was finally identified as Nur-Ainun Pangilan, known by her stage name Hainun and is a Sama Dilaut singer from the island municipality of Sitangkai in Tawi-Tawi. She first recorded the song in 1996 for a Malaysian recording company in Sabah. The lyrics are in her native Sama Dilaut language and were apparently made up on the spot. In her song, she describes the dance moves of her husband Al who was with her during the recording session, mentioned in the line "Lahawla ngigal ngigal si Al" ("Lahawla, Al is dancing"). The actual title of the song on the original cassette tape was Dumba Dumba, and is apparently a Malaysian translation of Sama kiring-kiring.
Türkiye Culture Route Festival

Türkiye Culture Route Festival, are cultural festival that has been organized by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Turkey in various provinces of Turkey since 2021. The festivals are organized with the aim of increasing Turkey's international brand value and making its historical and cultural heritage a center of attraction.
Türkiye Culture Route Festival, which started with the Çanakkale Cultural Route Festival for the first time in 2021 by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Turkey, continued with the Beyoğlu Culture Route Festival starting with the opening of the Atatürk Cultural Center on October 29.
The festival in 2022; It has been diversified as Ankara Başkent, Çanakkale Troya, Diyarbakır Sur and Konya Mystic Music Festival, and in 2023 as Nevşehir Cappadocia Balloon and Culture Road, Erzurum Palandöken, Trabzon Sümela, İzmir Efes, Gaziantep GastroAntep and Antalya.
In December 2023, the festival became a member of the European Festivals Association (EFA).
2009 Pendet controversy

An advertisement for the Discovery Channel program Enigmatic Malaysia in 2009 featured Balinese Pendet dancers, wrongly identifying the Pendet dance as Malaysian. This mistake caused public outrage in Indonesia, leading to protests and requests for an apology from Malaysia.
The advertisement was created by a private company in Singapore for Discovery Channel’s *Enigmatic Malaysia* program. The incorrect label of Pendet as a Malaysian dance caused strong reactions in Indonesia, where cultural experts, government officials, and the tourism ministry demanded Malaysia explain the mistake.
The Malaysian government clarified that it was not responsible for the ad, and Discovery Channel later apologized, accepting the blame for the mistake. Indonesia’s tourism minister, Jero Wacik, however, rejected the informal apology over the phone, asking for a formal written apology to make it official.
Even after Discovery Channel’s apology, Indonesian news outlets continued to report the clip as a Malaysian government advertisement, increasing public anger. Indonesian ultra-nationalist groups, like Gemars, organized protests, collected supplies, and began military-style training for a “war” against Malaysia.
In response to these threats, Malaysia’s National Security Council secretary, Datuk Mohamed Tajudeen Abdul Wahab, directed Malaysian military and border patrols to tighten security. This was due to the nationalist group Benteng Demokrasi Rakyat (Bendera), which had previously set up roadblocks in Menteng, Jakarta. The group threatened to “invade” Malaysia with 1,500 members carrying sharpened bamboo spears via air, land, and sea on 08/10/2009.
Several Indonesian universities saw protests where students burned Malaysian flags, including:
The Malaysian Foreign Minister contacted the Indonesian ambassador to explain Malaysia’s concerns about the safety of Malaysian citizens in Indonesia. In response, Indonesian authorities, including the Chief of the Indonesian National Police, assured Malaysia they would protect Malaysians in Indonesia.
Higher Institute of Dramatic Arts (Damascus)

The Higher Institute of Dramatic Arts (HIDA), (Arabic: الْمَعْهَدُ الْعَالِي لِلْفُنُونِ الْمَسْرَحِيَّةِ, romanized: al-Maʿhad al-ʿĀlī li l-Funūn al-Masraḥīyah) (HIDA), was founded in Damascus, Syria, in 1977 by academics such as the playwright Saadallah Wannous, theatre critic Ghassan al-Maleh and professor of theatre at Damascus University, Hannan Kassab Hassan. The institute initiated a new phase in the development of theatre in Syria through the preparation of a new generation of playwrights, theatre directors and actors in aspects of modern dramatic arts on an academic basis, including the actor Fares Al-Helou and playwrights Liwaa Yazji and Mohammad Al Attar. The institute initially included five departments: Acting, Literary Criticism, Dramatic Arts, Scenography, and Theatre Techniques, with a department for Dance added later.
A notable artist of the younger generation is Noura Mourad, an expert in dance and movement in theatre, who became a teacher at the institute for modern dance and performance after her graduation. Mourad is also director of Leish Troupe, an ensemble for movement theatre that won the prize for best scenography in the Cairo International Festival of Experimental Theater in 2000. In her study titled "Syrian Radical Dabka", ethnomusicologist Shayna Silverstein described the changes in social interpretations and performances of the Middle-Eastern dabke folk dance as performed in Syria. Further, Silverstein reported about a contemporary dance show in 2009 by Mourad and her troupe, titled “Congratulations!”. Focusing on the performance of dance in Syrian weddings, this choreography included issues of gender and power in the institution of marriage and the general doublestandards facing women in Syrian society.
The institute has succeeded in making its mark on the theatre and dramatic arts scene of the Middle East, with performances in Kuwait, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Germany and other countries. In his academic study on the social position of intellectuals and market forces, exemplified by commercial TV in Syria, Adwan Ziad, a former professor at the institute, "explores how the Higher Institute of Dramatic Arts in Damascus achieved an exceptional degree of prestige in Syrian cultural life. Although operating under a dictatorship in a conservative country, HIDA still enjoyed unusual margins of curricula autonomy and free expression in a country that repressed other cultural and educational sectors."
The Higher Institute of Dramatic Arts is situated near Umayyad Square next to the Higher Institute of Music and the Damascus Opera House.
33°30′44″N 36°16′44″E﻿ / ﻿33.51222°N 36.27889°E﻿ / 33.51222; 36.27889
Orodha ya vyama vya kisiasa nchini Kenya

Orodha ya vyama vya kisiasa nchini Kenya inatokana na nchi hiyo kufuata mfumo wa vyama vingi.
Kenya ilikuwa na vyama vya kisiasa vilivyosajiliwa zaidi ya 160 kufikia mwezi Novemba mwaka wa 2007 lakini kufuatia kupitishwa kwa sheria maalum ya vyama vya siasa tarehe 31 Desemba 2008, idadi ya vyama vilivyoandikishwa ilipungua hadi 38 huku vyama kadhaa vikiongezewa muda wa kujilinganisha na sheria hii mpya.
Eneo bunge la Kitui Magharibi

Eneo bunge la Kitui Magharibi ni mojawapo ya majimbo 290 ya Kenya. Jimbo hili ni miongoni mwa mjimbo nane ya kaunti ya Kitui, Mashariki mwa Kenya.
Jimbo hili lilianzishwa wakati wa Uchaguzi mkuu wa pili wa Kenya mnamo 1966.
Henry Kosgey

Henry Kiprono Kosgey ni mwanasiasa wa Kenya ambaye alikuwa mbunge wa Eneo bunge la Tinderet na alikuwa waziri wa maendeleo ya viwanda. Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa chama cha Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), mbunge wa muda mrefu zaidi wa Tinderet ambaye pia ni mmiliki mashuhuri wa mashamba ya chai.
Azimio la Umoja

Azimio la Umoja au One Kenya Coalition Party ni muungano wa kisiasa ulioanzishwa nchini Kenya mwaka wa 2021 na kuwa chama cha kisiasa kwenye Aprili 2022. Chama hicho kilianzishwa kama farakano katika chama cha Jubilee asilia baada ya rais wa nne wa jamhuri ya Kenya kukosana na naibu wake William Ruto na baadaye kumuunga mkono aliyewahi kuwa waziri mkuu wa Kenya, Raila Odinga.
Hii ilitokana na rais wa nne Uhuru Kenyatta kupeana mkono wa amani na Raila Odinga mwaka wa 2018 na baadaye Uhuru kuanza kuwatoa wanaomuunga naibu wa rais William Ruto katika vyeo vya kiserikali.
Vyama vikuu
Vyama kwa muungano
Muungano huu ulizindua manifesto yake rasmi [1]
Siaya County

Siaya County is one of the counties in the former Nyanza Province in western Kenya. It is bordered by Busia County to the north, Kakamega County, and Vihiga County to the northeast and Kisumu County to the southeast. It shares a water border with Homa Bay County which is located south of Siaya County. The total area of the county is approximately 2,496.1 km. The county lies between latitude 0° 26' to 0° 18' north and longitude 33° 58' and 34° 33' east. Siaya has been split up into six new districts (sub-counties). Under the 2010 Constitution, the role of the districts is still unclear as much of the administrative authority was transferred to the county. The capital is Siaya, town, although the largest town is Bondo.
The population in the year 2019 was 993,183.
Religion in Siaya County
In the 2007 elections the county, then district, had five constituencies: Alego Constituency, Gem Constituency, Rarieda Constituency, Bondo Constituency and Ugenya Constituency.
As of 2013, the county was made up of six constituencies namely Alego Usonga, Bondo, Gem, Rarieda, Ugenya, and Ugunja.
At the 2007 parliamentary elections all five seats were won by Orange Democratic Movement.
Governors
Majority of the population consist of members of the Luo tribe.
Notable People of Siaya County Include:
0°05′S 34°15′E﻿ / ﻿0.083°S 34.250°E﻿ / -0.083; 34.250
Winnie Odinga

Winnie Irmgard Odinga (born March 6, 1990) known as Kazi, is a Kenyan politician serving as an East African Community member of Parliament in the fifth East African Legislative Assembly in Arusha representing the Government of Kenya
Odinga was nominated to the regional Legislative Assembly (EALA) by the Orange Democratic Movement a national political party in Kenya, in November 2022 from where she was elected by both houses of the Kenyan Parliament.
Odinga is the fourth child and last born daughter of former Prime Minister of Kenya Raila Odinga and Ida Odinga. She is also the granddaughter of Kenya's first Vice President, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga who was a prominent figure in both Kenya and Africa's struggle for independence.
She attended Rusinga School for her primary education and Brookhouse International School for her secondary education in Lang'ata, Nairobi County. She obtained a degree in political science from Drexel University in Philadelphia in 2009.
Upon returning from college, Odinga worked as her father's private secretary. Her father often sent her to participate in election campaigns around the African continent.
In 2008, Odinga founded The BrickHouse Counsel а consultancy firm based in Nairobi, Kenya. The firm has worked for presidential campaigns.
Odinga was nominated to the regional Legislative Assembly (EALA) by the Orange Democratic Movement in November 2022 from where she was elected by both houses of the Kenyan Parliament.
Musikari Kombo

Musikari Nazi Kombo (born March 13, 1944) is a Kenyan politician who serves as a nominated Member of Parliament.
Born in Bungoma District, he attended Misikhu Primary School for his elementary education, then proceeded to Rakwaro Primary School, and finally moved to Mumias where he completed his primary education. He then attended Nyeri High School for his secondary education. He undertook his undergraduate studies at the University of Nairobi, majoring in economics.
He was first elected as a Member of Parliament representing Webuye Constituency in 1992. He also served in the Government as Assistant Minister for Planning and Minister for Regional Development. He took over the Local Government Ministry in late 2003. He lost his seat as MP for Webuye in the 2007 general election, in which he was defeated by the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) candidate Alfred Sambu.
As of June 2015, Kombo is the Chairman of FORD-Kenya.
Musikari Kombo hails from the larger Luhya community Bukusu sub tribe Balunda clan (descendants of Mulunda, believed to have migrated into Congo from East Africa).
He is a Catholic by religion.
Reuben Kiborek

Reuben Kiborek (born 1992) is the current Member of Parliament for Mogotio Constituency of Baringo County located in Rift Valley, Kenya. He was elected to the seat the 2022 Kenyan general elections. Kiborek had previously contested Mogotio in the 2017 elections. He is a member of the United Democratic Alliance party. Prior to politics, he worked as a herdboy.
As a teenager, he worked as a herdboy with his family who kept livestock. He would often help his family moving their livestock from Laikipia to Kericho.
Following his completion of high school, Kiborek wished to study politics in Nairobi, however his father wished for his son to study in Eldoret, as it was closer. Kiborek was inspired to get involved in politics after the MP for Eldoret North, William Ruto, visited he Laikipia County. Eventually, comedian Kazungu Matano convinced his father to allow Kiborek to go to Nairobi. In Nairobi, Kiborek lived in the Landi Mawe area and studied at the Catholic University of Eastern Africa. After this, he moved to Rongai.
Kiborek went on to compete for Mogotio Constituency in 2017. On April 15, 2022, vote counting for the United Democratic Alliance's candidate for Mogotio Constituency was suspended. During the counting of votes at the tallying center in Baringo County, supporters of Kiborek disrupted counting as they claimed incumbent MP Daniel Tuitoek had rigged the election into his favour. Tuitoek later won the nomination. However, on 16 April, he got the nomination as the United Democratic Alliance's candidate for Mogotio Constituency.
During the leadup to the 2022 Kenyan general election, he frequently associated himself with William Ruto.
On 6 March 2023, Kiborek joined six other MPs' call on a tribunal to be formed to investigate the Supreme Court's decision to allow the registration of LGBTQI lobby groups, saying that it threatens Kenyan society and the family unit.
In 2018, Kiborek was arrested on suspicion that he raped the 16-year-old daughter of Simon Chelugui after luring her to the Sarova woodlands hotel in Nakuru on 23 December 2018. On December 27, he was charged with sexual assault against a minor. Kiborek has denied the claims and was released on a 300,000 Kenyan shillings bond after spending three days in custody. However he failed to appear in court on 2 August 2022.
On 10 August 2023, Kiborek was ejected from a parliamentary session of the National Assembly for wearing a Kaunda suit that had the neck too low. Following this, he respected the decision but accused the National Assembly of pioritising British colonial-era fashion over native Kenyan attire.
On 28 July 2023, his brother-in-law, Nelson Mandela, died in a road accident on the Nairobi-Nakuru highway. Following this, Kiborek cancelled a women's empowerment Harambee scheduled to be held on 29 July in Mogotio Constituency. He is a close friend of William Ruto's son, Nick Ruto.
Josephine Kulea

Josephine Kulea is a Kenyan women's rights campaigner. Rescued from female genital mutilation and forced marriage as a child, she has since set up the Samburu Girls Foundation, which has saved more than 1,000 girls from similar practices. Kulea was recognised as an "unsung heroine" by US ambassador to Kenya Michael Ranneberger in 2011.
Josephine Kulea grew up among the Samburu people in Kenya. The area has a tradition of "beading", whereby male relatives give young girls beaded necklaces, force them to undergo female genital mutilation (FGM), and then are able to have sex with them. Any children born from these arrangements are killed after birth. Kulea was saved from this practice and a child marriage by a local priest, and sent to boarding school in Meru, with the blessing of her parents. After her father died two years later, her uncles wished to force her to marry, but her mother refused and made sure she stayed at school. Kulea went on to attend a boarding secondary school and the Mathari Consolata Nursing School in Nyeri.
After graduating as a nurse, Kulea refused an arranged marriage to a businessman. Her nursing training taught her that FGM was not a usual practice, and that its use in Samburu did not accord with the situation in other communities. Kulea received funding in 2008 to help her to rescue other girls from Samburu, Laikipia, and Isiolo. One of the first rescues she carried out was of her two cousins, one of whom was to be married at the age of 10, and then her sister who, at the age of 7, had been made to replace her. She managed to have her uncles, who were behind the practice, arrested (FGM and child marriage were made illegal in Kenya in 2011).
Kulea founded the Samburu Girls Foundation in 2012, and by September of that year it had rescued 56 girls and helped to arrange their secondary education. Additionally, thirteen of the girls' babies had been placed into children's homes. Kulea works alongside the police and the wife of Samburu West MP Simeon Lesrima. She relies on a network of informants to let them know when illegal practices are taking place. She also hosts a radio programme to raise awareness of the illegal practices and inform people of her foundation. By the end of 2016, she is said to have saved more than 1,000 girls from FGM and forced marriage.
Kulea and the foundation are opposed by some politicians and churches, who are afraid of losing votes or members, and has been subject to threats and curses from community elders. Her favourite quote is: “When you educate a man, you educate an individual. When you educate a woman, you educate a nation.” by James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey.
Larvik-Frederikshavnferjen

A/S Larvik-Frederikshavnferjen var et ferjeselskap som trafikkerte strekningen fra Larvik til Frederikshavn i Danmark.
Selskapet ble stiftet i 1936, og ferjen Isefjord ble chatret for en testtur samme år. Første ferjen som trafikkerte linjen var den nybygde Peter Wessel som hadde sin jomfrutur 5. juli 1937.
I 1986 ble A/S Larvik-Fredrikshavnferjen solgt til Vard AS og omdannet til Larvik Line AS.
Champion Tankers

Champion Tankers AS er et norsk rederi med hovedkontor i Bergen.
Rederiet ble etablert i 1994 da Karl L. Kvalheim og Arne Viste kjøpte opp selskapet som eide tankskipet MT «Champion». De påfølgende årene ble flere skip lagt til flåten, og rederiet disponerer et tosifret antall tankskip som eies gjennom selskapet Champion Shipping AS.
I august 2023 kritiserte NRK og Ukrainas ambassadør i Norge Champion Tankers for å transportere russiske varer under Russlands invasjon av Ukraina 2022, og kalte virksomheten uetisk selv om den ikke er ulovlig og transporten var støttet av FN og USA.
Wilson (rederi)

Wilson ASA er et norsk rederi grunnlagt i 1993. Selskapet kontrolleres av Kristian Eidesvik og holder til i Bergen. Selskapet har siden 2005 vært registrert på Oslo Børs.
Rederiet har røtter tilbake til 1929 da Kristian Jebsens Rederi AS ble etablert. I 1942 ble Paal Wilson & Co etablert, og disse to rederiene ble i 1993 slått sammen til det som i dag er Wilson ASA.
Rederiet eier 94 skip og opererer i alt 129 tørrlasteskip fra 1 500 til 8 000 dødvekttonn (DVT).
MS «Norwegian Breakaway»

MS «Norwegian Breakaway» er et cruiseskip eid av Norwegian Cruise Line. Skipet ble bygd ved Meyer verft i Papenburg i Tyskland og ble overlevert i april 2013.
21. september 2011 ble byggingen igangsatt ved at det første stålstykket ble skåret på verftet. Ved leveringen i april 2013 hadde hun en bruttotonnasje på 144017 tonn og en kapasitet på omtrent 4000 passasjerer og et mannskap på omkring 1700. Skipet hadde ved overleveringen totalt 1024 lugarer og 238 suiter, formgitt av Priestmangoode og Tillberg Design.
«Norwegian Breakaway» har Manhattan Cruise Terminal i New York City som hjemmehavn, og hun er satt inn i cruiseturer på en uke til Bermuda.
I november 2018 begynte skipet å seile fra New Orleans.
Navnene til «Norwegian Breakaway» og søsterskipet «Norwegian Getaway» var resultatet av en konkurranse. 14. september 2011 ble det kunngjort at Kimberly Powell hadde det ene av de vinnende bidragene.
USS «Wisconsin»

USS «Wisconsin» var et amerikansk slagskip i Iowa-klassen. Det var det andre skipet i United States Navy som ble oppkalt til ære for den amerikanske delstaten Wisconsin. Skipet ble bygget ved Philadelphia Naval Shipyard i Philadelphia og ble sjøsatt den 7 desember 1943, toårsdagen for angrepet på Pearl Harbor.
I løpet av karrièren tjenestegjorde USS Wisconsin i Stillehavskrigen under andre verdenskrig, der hun bombet japanske festningsverk og beskyttet amerikanske hangarskip mens flyene deres angrep fiendtlige posisjoner. Under koreakrigen bombet Wisconsin nordkoreanske mål med støtte fra FNs og sørkoreanske bakkestyrker. I 1955 ble USS «Wisconsin» tatt ut av tjeneste og plassert i den amerikanske marinens reserveflåte. Skipet ble reaktivert den 1 august 1986 og modernisert. Videre deltok hun i gulfkrigen i januar og februar 1991. Skipet ble tatt ut av tjeneste for siste gang i september 1991 og er i dag et museumsskip som ligger i Norfolk i delstaten Virginia.
FLK «Southern Harvester»

FLK «Southern Harvester» var et flytende hvalkokeri tilhørende rederiet Christian Salvesen i Leith i Skottland gjennom selskapet The South Georgia Co. Ltd. Det var søsterskip til «Southern Venturer» som ble levert året før, men hadde større tonnasje og maskineri.
Southern Harvester var i pelagisk hvalfangst i Sørishavet i 17 sammenhengende sesonger, fra 1946/47 til 1962/63. Fangsten ble gjennomført med mellom 9 og 14 hvalbåter. Bortsett fra den første sesongen førte skipet norsk kaptein (fangstbestyrer), mens offiserer og skipsmannskap hovedsakelig var britiske. De fleste flensere og prosessoperatører var imidlertid nordmenn. Kokeriet hadde sin beste fangstsesong i 1955/56 med en total produksjon på 173 912 fat hvalolje.
Etter sesongen 1962/63 ble «Southern Harvester» lagt opp i Melsomvik. Sommeren 1963 besluttet Salvesen å slutte med hvalfangst, og «Harvester» ble solgt til Japan. Japanerne var kun interessert i kvoten, og skipet ble liggende flere år i Melsomvik. I 1966 kjøpte Salvesen henne tilbake og videresolgte samme år til Akergruppen, som også kjøpte kokeriet «Thorshøvdi» av AS Thor Dahl. Planen var å konvertere de to hvalkokeriene til boreskip, men det endte med at kun «Thorshøvdi» ble ombygd. «Harvester» ble liggende i opplag i Oslo i flere år før hun ble solgt til Spania for hugging.
FLK «Southern Venturer»

FLK «Southern Venturer» var et flytende hvalkokeri tilhørende rederiet Christian Salvesen i Leith i Skottland gjennom selskapet Sevilla Whaling Co. Det var søsterskip til «Southern Harvester» som ble levert året etter, men hadde noe svakere maskineri.
«Southern Venturer» var i pelagisk hvalfangst i Sørishavet i 17 sammenhengende sesonger, fra 1945/46 til 1961/62. Fangsten ble gjennomført med 12 hvalbåter og Leith Harbour på Sør-Georgia som base. Fra 1951 til 1957 var «Venturer» utstyrt med helikopter for å effektivisere rekognoseringen etter hval.
I 1961 ble «Venturer» solgt til Japan og overlevert etter endt sesong 1961/62. Hun ble omdøpt «Southern Venturer Maru», men kom aldri i fangst igjen. Japanerne var bare interessert i skipets kvote og «Venturer» ble lagt opp i Innoshima før hun ble hugget i Japan i 1965.
FLK «Norhval»

FLK «Norhval» var et flytende hvalkokeri tilhørende hvalfangstselskapene Polaris og Globus med rederiet Melsom og Melsom i Larvik som disponenter.
«Norhval» ble bygget i England og sjøsatt i 1945. Aktiv som hvalkokeri i sydishavet til sommeren 1962. Hun var det første hvalkokeriet som ble utstyrt med helikopter (Sikorsky S55). Ble i 1966 hugget opp i Spania.
MF «Svelvik»

MF «Svelvik» er en hybridferge satt i drift 1. januar 2022, på ferjesambandet Svelvik–Verket. Ferga går i rutetrafikk over Svelvikstrømmen i Drammensfjorden mellom Svelvik og Verket på Hurumlandet. Svelvikstrømmen er bare 184 meter på det smaleste, og MF «Svelvik» trafikker dermed Norges korteste bilfergetur. Ferga bruker ca. fem minutter fra Svelvik til Verket, og har rundt 40 avganger om dagen.
Allerede i 1928 ble den første ordinære passasjerruten over Svelvikstrømmen startet.
Lengden på MF «Svelvik» er 54 meter, bredden 12,8 meter og den har en kapasitet på 30 personbilenheter, alternativt tre vogntog på 19,5 meter og noen personbiler. Passasjerkapasiteten er på 99 personer, det er sitteplass til 60 innendørs og den er lagt til rette for personer med funksjonsnedsettelse.
Hybridferja MF «Svelvik» er nybygget for ferjesambandet ved det tyrkiske verftet Seffne Tersanesi i Altınova ved Marmarahavet. Designselskapet The Norwegian Ship Design Company (TNSDC) fra Førde har utviklet konseptet for denne ferja og har også vært involvert i utviklingen av den nye generasjons Bastø ferjer som «Bastø Electric». Ladeanlegget er norskprodusert, av Zinus på Stord. Ferja, som er en batteriferje for helelektrisk drift, vil lade under hvert opphold på Svelvik-siden samt på natten. Ladeløsningen er spesialtilpasset det maritime miljøet. Den har en helautomatisk ladeløsning som automatisk ivaretar utfordringene med blant annet bølger, strøm og tidevann. Ladeanlegget koble ferga til strømforsyningen på rundt 20 sekunder, systemet kan levere en strøm på 4400 ampere og har en maksimal effekt på 1200 kW og til vanlig skal ferja gå 100 % elektrisk. Den har også to Scania-motorer på 425 kW hver som går på biodisel, disse sitter i hver sin ende av ferga. Midt i ferjen er batterirom og tavler, som er atskilt fra motorrommene med to branndører.
Allerede fra starten hadde MF «Svelvik» store driftsproblemer. Fredag 7. januar 2022 brøt det ut brann i en eksosbelg i motorrommet når ferga lå til kai på Verket. Mannskapet slukket brannen og reserveferga MF «Hurumferja» ble satt inn på strekningen. Ladeløsningen på land var ikke ferdig installert så ferga gikk på biodiesel. Eksosbelgen ble bytter ut til rustfritt stål. Senere i januar hadde ferja ytterligere to driftsstanser og 31. januar gikk den på grunn etter en blackout og ble igjen tatt ut av drift, men hadde kun små skader. Trøbbel med ladestasjonen førte til at den måtte gå på biodisel og problemene forfulgte ferja frem til slutten av mai 2023, da trodde man ferja kunne slutte å gå på biodiesel og igjen kjøre elektrisk. Men i tillegg til ladestasjon har ferja også hatt problemer med batteriene, på sommeren la batterileverandøren ned virksomheten og eieren av ferja valgte å bestille ny batteripakke fra en annen leverandør. Det er nå håp om å kunne kjøre elektrisk fra jul 2023.
Brakar overtok fergesambandet fra 1. januar 2022, og det er Bastø Fosen som er operatør av sambandet.
MS «Hordafjell»

MS «Hordafjell» er en norsk bløggebåt bygget i 2020 ved Fitjar Mekaniske Verksted som byggenummer 48. Skipet ble levert til Thermo Service i mars 2020. Skipet har en lengde på 28,50 meter, og en bredde på 10,20 meter. Skipet er utstyrt med en Cat 32 hovedmotor som yter 746 bkW. Denne gir skipet en servicefart på rundt 8 knop.
MS «Hordafjell» henter fisk fra merder rundt fiskeoppdrett, bløgger den, og frakter den kjølig i RSW anlegg for sløying ved et fiskemottak. Skipet bløgger oppdrettsfisk for oppdrettsselskapene Blom Fiskeoppdrett og Kobbevik og Furuholmen Oppdrett. Ved driftsstart i 2020 kunne skipet gå tre turer i uken med 150 tonn fisk på hver tur.
Seistar Holding

Seistar Holding, tidligere Seivåg, er et norsk rederi stiftet i 1999. Seistar utfører transport av smolt og slaktefisk. Rederiet arbeider også med sortering og telling av laks og ørret i tillegg til behandling mot lakselus. Skipene opererer hovedsakelig i Norge. Lerøy Seafood Group eier 50 % av rederiet.
Seistar Holding eier og drifter seks skip pr. 2022. Rederiet frakter slaktefisk mellom fiskeoppdrett og slakteri, og mellom forskjellige lokaliteter (oppdrett). Noen av skipene utfører også smolttransport. Rederiet eier to bløggebåter, som bløgger fisken før den leveres til slakteri. Seistar Holding opererer også seks skip for Br Bakke. Seistar Holding er morselskap for Seigrunn AS, Seivåg Shipping AS og Mowi Star AS.
I 1995 ble Seihav AS stiftet av Hans Bakke. I 1999 ble Seistar Holding AS stiftet, under navnet Seivåg AS. Sjøtroll eide 50 % og Seihav eide 50 % av Seistar Holding. Samme år, bygget rederiet tråleren MS «Båtsfjord» om til verdens største brønnbåt, MS «Seivåg», som tre år senere ble solgt til Chile.
I 2013 solgte Aqua Star AS, Mowi Star AS og Harald Johan Njåstad sine aksjer i Seistar Holding AS til Seihav AS. Etter dette eide Seihav AS 95,35 % av Seistar Holding. Seistar Holding eide etter dette aksjeselskapene Seigrunn, Seivåg Shipping og Mowi Star. Våren 2015 kjøpte Lerøy Seafood Group 50 % av aksjene i Seistar Holding.
I 2017 hadde Seistar Holding fire skip og 70 ansatte. I juni samme år uttalte Tore Bakke at mellom 12 til 14 % av laksen som ble produsert i Norge gikk gjennom ett av Seistar Holding sine fartøy.
Første halvår av 2018 var det lav etterspørsel etter laksetransport og avlusning. Kaldt vær på vinteren og våren var blant grunnene til lavere produksjon i havbruk. Behovet for brønnbåter økte neste halvår. Sølvtrans, Rostein og Seistar Holding fikk problemer med å utføre alle oppdragene de fikk fra fiskeoppdrettere, på grunn av for lite båter i forhold til mengden oppdrag.
Seistar Holding har samarbeidet med de to selskapene Heimli Ship Design og Fitjar Mekaniske Verksted for å utvikle og bygge brønnbåten MS «Seihav» og bløggebåten MS «Seihaust». Heimli Ship Design og FMV utviklet designtyper under navnet HeimliFMV design. MS «Seihav» tilhører serien HFMV LFC4000, og MS «Seihaust» tilhører HeimliFMV P50-600 designet. MS «Seihav» ble for øvrig verdens største brønnbåt i 2016. Størrelsen blir målt i skipets lasteevne. MS «Seihav» har lastekapasitet på rundt 4000 m, i underkant av 550 tonn fisk.
I 2021 hadde selskapet den 2. høyeste omsetningen i Austevoll kommune, i bransjen hovedkontortjenester. Seistar Holding var nummer 56 med høyest omsetning i Vestland. I Norge lå rederiet på 506. plass.
Seistar Holding drifter seks servicefartøy for Br Bakke AS.
I 2021 hadde Seistar Holding driftsinntekter på rundt 11,5 millioner kroner. Dette tilsvarte en økning på 13,3 prosent fra 2020.
Pyramiden

Pyramiden (russisk: Пирамида, norsk transkripsjon: Piramida) var en sovjetisk, senere russisk, bosetning på Svalbard. Den ble grunnlagt av Sverige i 1910, og solgt til Sovjetunionen i 1927. Pyramiden ligger ved Billefjorden i Dickson Land på Spitsbergen. Den har sitt navn fra det pyramideformede fjellet som ligger like ved. Bosetningen hadde på det meste over 1000 innbyggere. Den 31. mars 1998 ble dette siste tonnet kull fra Pyramid-gruven gitt skipet ut og i april stengte Trust Arktikugol Pyramiden etter 53 års kontinuerlig drift. Siden vinteren 1998/99 har Pyramiden vært avfolket, og Arktikugol har hatt ulike planer for stedets fremtid. Siden 2007 har det bodd og arbeidet 7-10 personer i her om vinteren og opptil 50 personer om sommeren. I 2013 åpnet selskapet bar- og hotelldrift på stedet.
Pyramiden var en godt utviklet by med bensinstasjon, drivhus og fjøs, skole, barnehage, kantine med 200 plasser, sykehus, hotell, restaurant og diverse andre fasiliteter. De fleste byggene står fremdeles slik som de var da de ble forlatt. Folk som bodde der hadde tilgang til skytebane, idrettshall, kino, fotballbane og sjøvanns svømmebasseng med internasjonale mål.
Det er ingen restriksjoner på besøk til Pyramiden, men besøkende kan ikke gå inn i bygningene uten tillatelse. Dette skyldes helse- og sikkerhetsmessige forhold. De fleste bygningene har vært stengt for uvedkommende siden byen ble forlatt, men turistfølger som kommer med eget skip eller M/S «Polargirl», vises rundt i bygningene av Trust Arktikugols lokale guid. Pyramiden kan nås med båt eller snøscooter. I 2013 åpnet Hotell Tulipan i den største fellesbygningen i Pyramiden, og avløste da et provisorisk containerbasert overnattingshangar som er bygget opp nede ved havnen. I 2019 var kinoen ferdig restaurert, den har ca 650 filmer på lager så her kan man se dokumentarer og spillefilmer fra 1960-1980-tallet, også norske filmer.
Den nærmeste bosetningen er Svalbards administrasjonssenter, Longyearbyen, omtrent 50 km lengre sør, og et lite forskningssamfunn, Ny-Ålesund, 100 km mot vest.
Sysselmesteren på Svalbard fører utvidet oppsyn og vedlikehold av stedet, som inngår i de 50 mest prioriterte kulturminnene på Svalbard.
Kjartan Fløgstad: Pyramiden: portrett av ein forlaten utopi (2007). ISBN 82-430-0398-3
Farsund by

Farsund by er kommunesenteret i Farsund kommune, og en by i Agder med 3 472 innbyggere per 1. januar 2023. SSB regner Farsund by som et tettsted.
Farsund by vokste fram ved det farbare sundet, derav navnet Farsund. På 1500 og 1600-tallet ble Farsund ofte besøkt av utenlandske handelsskip som søkte ly i havnen, eller havarister som måtte inn og få reparert skader som var pådratt rundt de værharde stedene Lista og Lindesnes. Etterhvert ble handel stadig viktigere. Hummereksport til Holland var en viktig næring. Men det var først mot slutten av 1700-tallet at Farsund vokste fram som en handels- og sjøfartsby, en by som var godt kjent ute i verden. I 1795 ble strandstedet annerkjent som ladested.
Mye av æren for Farsunds fremgang på den tiden var Jochum Brinch Lund, og han regnes da også som Farsund bys grunnlegger (ladested i 1795). Lund bodde i bygget som i dag huser Nordea Bank, og de fire trærne han hadde i hagen pryder i dag byvåpenet. Han bygget også paleet Husan, Sørlandets vakreste trebygning, som, i rekonstruert form etter brann, i dag huser byens rådhus og er innbyggernes storstue. Sjøfartsbyen Farsund var viden kjent, med skip på alle verdenshavene. Farsund var i mellomkrigstiden verdens største sjøfartsby, målt i tonnasje pr. innbygger.
I dag framstår Farsund som en sørlandsby med bygårder av tre i sveitserstil og murhus i jugendstil.
Farsund gjestehavn er flere år på rad kåret til landets beste gjestehavn.
KNM «Trondheim» (F302)

KNM «Trondheim» (F 302) var en norsk fregatt av Oslo-klassen bygget i 1964. Hun var oppkalt etter Trondheim by, og ble døpt av Marit Holthe.
Skipet ble tatt ut av tjeneste i juni 2006 og brukt som sjømål under en test av Naval Strike Missile i 2013.
KNM «Trondheim» og hennes søsterskip undergikk moderniseringer mellom 1987 og 1990. Som følge av dette ble alle skipene utstyrt med to chaffkastere, en ny Spherion TSM-2633 baugmontert sonar, MSI 3000 data- og-trusselinformasjonsbehandler og en ny 40 mm/L70 Boforskanon, som kom på bekostning av aktermontert 76 mm-kanon. Link 11 og 14 SATCOM, GPS og Plessey AWS-9 radar ble installert 1996–1997.
Den 17. mars 2006 grunnstøtte KNM «Trondheim» som følge av feilnavigasjon, i Linesfjorden ved Stokksund på Trøndelagskysten. Hun tok inn kun små mengder vann, og stod aldri fast. Hun ble assistert til Haakonsvern av KV «Tromsø», tatt under slep i ti knops fart. I tørrdokk ble skadene kartlagt: En ødelagt propell, skader på sonardekselet og lange riper samt små hull på skroget. Man fryktet en stund at KNM «Trondheim» hadde seilt sin siste seilas, men fartøyet fortsatte i tjeneste til hun ble utfaset etter planen. Ettersom resttjenesten etter grunnstøtingen ble kort, ble det ikke påkostet full reparasjon, så sonaren var ikke operativ den siste tiden hun seilte.
KNM «Trondheim» deltok i NATO-operasjonen Active Endeavour i 2005, sammen med ubåten KNM Utstein.
KNM «Stavanger» (F303)

KNM «Stavanger» (F 303) var en norsk fregatt av Oslo-klassen. Skipet ble bygget i 1966 og tatt ut av tjeneste i 1998.
Skipet var oppkalt etter Stavanger by, og ble døpt av Åse Braadland.
KNM «Stavanger» og hennes søsterskip undergikk moderniseringer mellom 1987 og 1990. Som følge av dette ble alle skipene utstyrt med to chaffkastere, en ny Spherion TSM-2633 baugmontert sonar, MSI 3000 data- og-trusselinformasjonsbehandler og en ny 40 mm/70 Boforskanon, som kom på bekostning av aktermontert 76 mm-kanon.
Sommeren 2002 ble KNM «Stavanger» brukt som mål i en militærøvelse i Vestfjorden i Nordland. Skipet ble beskutt av Hellfire-missil fra Kystjegerkommandoen og 12. juni ble hun senket av en torpedo fra ubåten KNM «Utstein».
Telephone numbers in Norway

Telephone numbers in Norway have the country code "+47" and up to the first 2 digits of the phone number will indicate its geographic area. Emergency services are 3 digits long and start with the number "1". Mobile numbers vary in length, either 8 digits or 12 digits.
Before 1993, telephone numbers would consist either of a two-digit area code and a six-digit subscriber number in cities and large towns, for example, (02) 412702 in Oslo, or a three-digit area code and a five-digit subscriber number in smaller towns, for example, (034) 83000 in Larvik.
On 28 January 1993, a closed telephone numbering plan was adopted, with eight-digit telephone numbers incorporating the area code and full number dialling for local and national calls, with Oslo numbers prefixed with the digits '22'. Service numbers were to be three digits long, Directory numbers four digits and some companies were allocated five-digit numbers, ex. 07575. GSM telephony was also introduced in 1993, and those numbers always start with the digits '4' or '9'.
Historically, the local operator would take emergency calls and forward them to the police, fire or local doctor. In 1964, the emergency number 000 was introduced. In 1985, a modernized emergency service was started at Haukeland hospital in Bergen for Hordaland. In 1986, the emergency numbers changed to 001 for fire brigade, 002 for police and 003 for ambulance. These numbers changed to 110, 112 and 113 in 1994, when the international access code changed from 095 to 00.
Geographic numbers were abolished in January 2020, with Telenor finally switching off the country's copper wire network at the end of 2022. Caller IDs will no longer display the region, but rather say "Norway" or be left blank instead. These numbers are today used by VoIP services.
French frigate Hermione (2014)

Hermione is a 32-gun Concorde-class frigate fitted for 12-pounder guns, completed in Rochefort by the Asselin organisation in 2014. It is a reproduction of the 1779 Hermione, which achieved fame by ferrying General La Fayette to the United States in 1780 to allow him to rejoin the American side in the American Revolutionary War.
This project was conceived by members of the Centre International de la Mer in 1992, and construction began in 1997, envisaging a launch in April 2015 (as compared to the original, which took less than a year to build).
The shipyard was in one of the two dry docks beside the Corderie Royale at Rochefort.
As far as possible, traditional construction methods were used although modern power tools were substituted for the period tools on some jobs. The site is open to the public, and admission fees help fund the project.
Plans of a sister ship, Concorde, were used. The cost was estimated to be $22 million. The original plans had been modified in several ways for reasons of strength and safety: planks had been bolted rather than pegged to avoid movement during the long period of construction. Similarly, the mast sections were fastened with glue rather than metal hoops to avoid water penetration. The cannons are lightweight and non-functional to save weight. Manilla rope has been used for the majority of the rigging and the sails made of linen canvas.
An engine will be used for safety, and electric generators for lighting and basic amenities.
In preparation for a transatlantic voyage in 2015, the frigate departed from Rochefort and started her seaworthiness trials on 7 September 2014.
In April 2015, Hermione started her return voyage to the United States. Hermione’s itinerary is meant to reaffirm the relationship between the United States and France.
Hermione departed from La Rochelle on 18 April 2015.
On 2 February 2018, the Hermione undertook another voyage leaving Rochefort for the Mediterranean with 11 stopovers including Tangier, Sète, Marseille and Toulon.
During an inspection in 2021, extensive damage due to rot was found in Hermione's planking and timbers. Repairing the damage will require an essentially complete rebuild (something not uncommon in the days of wooden warships), which is hoped to be completed in 2025.
Photographs of the construction from 2005.
Photographs of the construction from 2006.
Photographs of the construction from 2009.
Photographs after completion
Cartagena Naval Base

The Cartagena Naval Base, also known as Arsenal of Cartagena, is a military base and arsenal of the Spanish Navy located in the city of Cartagena. It is one of the oldest naval bases in Spain, having been created in the 18th century. Located in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, it is the main Spanish base in the Mediterranean Sea.
The port of Cartagena, first founded by the Carthaginians in the 2nd century BC, occupies a strategic location on the Mediterranean Sea. It remained a commercial port until the reign of Philip V, when it was redeveloped as a major naval base alongside the expansion of the Spanish Navy.
Construction of the arsenal began in late 1731, and was completed in 1782, during the reign of Charles III. The final cost came to 112 million reales. The Cartagena naval base was a major industrial complex by the 18th century, with shipyards and workshops, carrying out carpentry, rigging and blacksmithing, as well as crafts and fine arts workshops to produce ship ornamentation and decoration. In the second half of the 18th century, 21 ships, 17 frigates and more than fifty brigs, xebecs, hulks, galleys, etc. were built there, as well as a large number of smaller vessels. The Arsenal employed several thousand people in the construction and the maintenance of the units of the Spanish Navy.
The Naval Base was enlarged during the reign of Isabel II in 1849. In 1889, electricity was introduced into the arsenal. In 1918, the moats of the dry docks built by Feringán were developed as submarine docks, in which role they still serve.
37°36′04″N 0°59′33″W﻿ / ﻿37.6012°N 0.9926°W﻿ / 37.6012; -0.9926
Peter Goodwin (maritime author)

Peter Goodwin is a British maritime historian and author, and the former Keeper and Curator of HMS Victory.
Peter Goodwin served in the Royal Navy in nuclear submarines, qualifying as a marine engineer. Subsequently, he worked in Glasgow as a consultant design engineer, before completing an MPhil at the Institute of Maritime Studies, at the University of St Andrews. As an article by Haley Storey explains, "Peter's interest in 18th century ship construction began when he was just eight years old and, like many boys his age, he enjoyed putting together wooden models".
Between 1991 and 2011, he was the Keeper and Curator of HMS Victory, HM Naval Base Portsmouth.
He has written eight books on ship construction and Britain's maritime heritage, specialising in the career and ships of Lord Nelson. Goodwin "is widely acknowledged as one of the leading writers on the sailing warship".
Of Nelson's Ships (2002), Nautical Magazine wrote "Superb description of life in the Georgian Navy… Compelling read recommended to everyone with an interest in naval history".
Goodwin's Nelson’s Men O’War (2005), released to coincide with the bi-centenary of the Battle of Trafalgar, was written in conjunction with the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich.
Goodwin has also acted as a historical consultant, most notably on the 20th Century Fox film, Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World, inspired by Patrick O’Brian's series of Aubrey–Maturin novels, and the television adaptation of Hornblower, in which he made a brief cameo.
Norwegian Glacier Museum

The Norwegian Glacier Museum (Norwegian: Norsk Bremuseum) is a museum in Fjærland, Vestland county, Norway.
The building was designed by architect Sverre Fehn. In 2002 a decision was made to build an extension to the museum, which was also designed by Fehn. The museum also houses the Ulltveit-Moe Climate Centre, a Fehn-designed addition that opened in 2007.
The museum's stated purpose is to "collect, create and disseminate knowledge about glaciers and climate". It provides information about the glacier Jostedalsbreen and the Jostedalsbreen National Park. The museum is open from April through October, daily. It was founded as a joint project between the organizations and institutions Norwegian Trekking Association, the International Glaciological Society, the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, the Norwegian Polar Institute, the Sogn og Fjordane University College, the University of Bergen and the University of Oslo.
In 2006 Sarner Ltd, a UK-based museum and attraction design company were commissioned to create an experiential exhibit on climate change. The exhibit Our Fragile Climate was opened in July 2007 by former US vice-president Walter Mondale.
Karve (ship)

Karves (or Karvi) were a small type of longship with broad hull, somewhat similar to the ocean-going knarr cargo ships. Karves were used for both war and ordinary transport, carrying people, goods or livestock. Because they were able to navigate in very shallow water, they were also used for coasting. Karves had broad beams of approximately 5 m (17 feet), were up to 21 m (70 feet) in length, and allowed for up to 16 oars.
The Tune ship from Norway is an example of a historical Karve ship.