davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Florin Ghioca

Florin Ghioca (n. 11 noiembrie 1978, București) este un jurnalist, corespondent de război, editorialist și fotograf român.
Florin Ghioca a studiat Teatrologie la Facultatea de Litere în cadrul Universității Babeș-Bolyai din Cluj-Napoca, absolvind în 2003.
Este licențiat în Comunicare și Relații Publice la Facultatea de Jurnalism și Științele Comunicării (FJSC).
Și-a început cariera de jurnalist la vârsta de 13 ani, fiind declarat « cel mai tânăr ziarist din România » intrând astfel în « Cartea Națională a Recordurilor ».
A lucrat cu cele mai importante publicații din România, printre care: Evenimentul Zilei, Cotidianul, Național, Academia Cațavencu, Jurnalul Național, Adevărul.
Printre personalitățile intervievate de-a lungul carierei jurnalistice se numără: David Lynch, Annie Girardot, Michele Placido, Pascal Bruckner, Frederic Beigbeder, Tom Hardy, Derek Jacobi, Bertrand Tavernier, Emad Burnat, Tarja Turunen, Armand Assante, Park Chan-wook, Nick Allder, Vladimir Cosma, Jon Anderson, Cesaria Evora.
A publicat fotografii în majoritatea ziarelor și revistelor din țară, dar și în câteva publicații din străinătate (SUA, Grecia, Finlanda, Franța, Marea Britanie, Polonia, Afghanistan).
A predat cursuri și seminarii de fotografie de conflict, în cadrul Festivalului de Arte Vizuale « Vama Sub Lumini de Oscar » din Vama Veche, dar și la București (Școala de Fotografie „Freelancer”) și Cluj-Napoca. A susținut două seminarii de fotografie de teatru în cadrul aceluiași festival (2018, 2019).
Cele mai cunoscute expoziții de autor organizate până în prezent în București, Cluj-Napoca, Iași, Chișinău, Brașov, Suceava, Timișoara și Constanța:
Cele mai multe dintre expozițiile fotografului Florin Ghioca sunt cu vânzare, iar fondurile strânse în urma vânzării lucrărilor, dar și a donațiilor, sunt utilizate pentru diverse campanii de CSR.
Din august 2014 este și fotograful oficial al Teatrului Național I.L. Caragiale din București.
Din aprilie 2022 este președinte-fondator al International Association of Theatre Photographers (IATP).
În 10 mai 2024, de Ziua Regalității, Florin Ghioca a lansat albumul fotografic „Regele nu moare”, dedicat actorilor Victor Rebengiuc și Mariana Mihuț, cu peste 300 de fotografii din spectacolul „Regele moare” de la Teatrul Național „I.L.Caragiale” din București, regizat de Andrei și Andreea Grosu. Volumul a apărut la Editura Vremea, iar primul tiraj a fost deja epuizat. Albumul a fost lansat ulterior la Târgul de Carte Boofest și la Reuniunea Teatrelor Naționale Românești la Chișinău, la Teatrul Mihai Eminescu.
Statuia Sfântului Florian din Arad

Statuia Sfântului Florian din Arad a fost ridicată în anul 1869 din donațiile familiei Dambacher și ale lui Anton Sachs și este opera unui artist necunoscut. Statuia îl reprezintă pe mucenicul Florian, patronul pompierilor, îmbrăcat în uniformă de ofițer roman, cu coif pe cap, având în mâna dreaptă un ulcior cu apă pentru stingerea incendiilor, iar în mâna stângă un steag.
Statuia este situată pe strada Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn (fostă Strada Lungă) colț cu strada Zimbrului (fostă strada Cazarmei) în dreptul nr. 135, peste drum de grădinița în a cărei clădire a funcționat în trecut școala din cartierul Aradul Nou, un cartier unde în secolele al XVIII-lea și al XIX-lea locuiau etnici majoritar germani, de rit romano-catolic.
Istoricul arădean Antoniu Martin relatează că în 1792 Aradul Nou a fost cuprins de un mare incendiu, care a făcut ravagii în gospodăriile etnicilor germani care populau localitatea. În mod miraculos, grație rugăciunilor adresate Sfântului Florian, a început să plouă și focul s-a stins. Statuia Sfântului Florian a fost ridicată prin donațiie făcute de câteva familii în semn de mulțumire pentru că le-a scăpat casele de flăcările incendiului devastator.
Statuia lui Ștefan cel Mare din Chișinău

Statuia lui Ștefan cel Mare din Chișinău este un monument închinat domnului moldovean Ștefan cel Mare (1457-1504), realizat în perioada 1925-1928 de sculptorul Alexandru Plămădeală și amplasat în Grădina Publică Ștefan cel Mare și Sfânt din municipiul Chișinău, în Republica Moldova.
Monumentul a fost turnat la București, la turnătoria lui Rîșcanu, în anul 1927, din bronz provenit de la 6 tunuri mari, capturate de la otomani în timpul războiului de independență din anii 1877-1878. Monumentul fost inaugurat la 29 aprilie 1928, la a 10-a aniversare a unirii Basarabiei cu România, montat pe un soclu din piatră extrasă din cariera de la Cosăuți, proiectat de Eugen Bernardazzi, fiul lui Alexandru Bernardazzi, arhitectul orașului Chișinău, și de inginerul G.A. Levițchi. Monumentul avea, în total, 11,20 metri înălțime. Soclul era compus din 5 pietre monolite și avea 6 metri înălțime. Statuia are 5,20 metri înălțime. Pe fațada principală a soclului era dăltuită inscripția: „Ștefan cel Mare – Domnitor al Moldovei. 1457-1504”.
După ultimatumul sovietic dat României în 1940 statuia a fost transportată la Vaslui, pe 28 iunie, unde a fost instalată lângă biserica Sfântul Ioan, ctitorită chiar de marele voievod. Soclul a rămas la Chișinău, fiind demolat. În august 1942, statuia a fost reinstalată la Chișinău, în fața Arcului de Triumf. În 1944 statuia a fost evacuată din nou, fiind transportată la Craiova.
În anul 1945 sculptorița Claudia Cobizeva (1905-1995), o elevă a sculptorului A. Plămădeală, pe atunci traducătoare la Comisia aliată (în fapt, sovietică) de control, a văzut întâmplător statuia lui Ștefan într-un parc din Craiova și a semnalat aceasta autorităților sovietice. Statuia s-a reîntors astfel la Chișinău, ca bun cultural scos din URSS.
În 1967, când autoritățile sovietice au încercat mutarea statuii din centrul Chișinăului în locul în care azi se află cinematograful Gaudeamus, ministrul moldovean al culturii, Petrea Darienco, a organizat protestul studenților ce se opuneau. Darienco a fost demis și s-a mutat la Moscova.
În anul 1971 a fost luată decizia de restaurare și instalare a unui postament nou, care ar corespunde ideii autorului. În anul 1972, conducerea țării și-a propus din nou să scape de monumentul „incomod”, vrând să scoată monumentul din oraș, dar după protestele patrioților, a fost lăsat în Grădina Publică, însă a fost mutat cu 18 metri în adâncul parcului și a fost amplasat pe un postament sărac din ciment.
Monumentul lui Ștefan cel Mare a fost restaurat în anii 1942 și 1945, iar în anul 1990 de către Combinatul de Restaurare al Ministerului Culturii din Moldova.
În 1990, monumentul a fost reamplasat. Noul soclu a fost executat tot din piatră de Cosăuți de către arhitectul Eugen Bernardazzi, fiul lui Alexandru Bernardazzi. O dată cu reinstalarea monumentului, au fost restabilite și inscripțiile inițiale.
Mihai Eminescu, Botoșani

Mihai Eminescu is a commune in Botoșani County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of nine villages: Baisa, Cătămărești, Cătămărești-Deal, Cervicești, Cervicești-Deal, Cucorăni, Ipotești (the commune centre), Manolești and Stâncești.
The commune is so named because Mihai Eminescu spent his childhood here, in the village of Ipotești.
Ion (name)

Ion is a masculine given name. The written form corresponds to two names that are different and unrelated in origin.
The first is the Greek name Ἴων (Iōn), after the mythical founder of the Ionians; the modern (demotic) Greek equivalent is Ionas.
The second name is the Romanian Ion which is equivalent to the English name John and has the same etymology as "Jon", all tracing back to the Hebrew Bible name Johanan. Another variant is Ioan, the Romanian name for John the Baptist (Ioan Botezătorul). Common diminutives are Ionel and Ionuț. Its female form is Ioana. The surname Ionescu is derived from Ion. However, Ion can also be a surname in Romanian. The "Ion" spelling is also used as a male forename in the Basque language, again as a cognate of "John" and sometimes used interchangeably with "Jon".
Notable people given name Ion include:
National Museum of Romanian Literature

The National Museum of Romanian Literature (Romanian: Muzeul Național al Literaturii Române) is a museum in Chișinău, Moldova.
The museum was established on 1 April 1965, according to a governmental decision of the Moldovan SSR from February 10, 1965. Since the beginning, it was affiliated with the Moldovan Writers' Union. The first director was Gheorghe Cincilei (1936-1999). In 1983, the museum took the name of Dimitrie Cantemir, and in 1991 became Centrul Național de Studii Literare și Muzeografie „M.Kogălniceanu”. Since 1997, the museum has operated under the name Museum of Romanian Literature "Mihail Kogălniceanu".
The museum has over 90 thousand objects: secular and religious books (16th-21st century), manuscripts, art objects, and documents. Most of the exhibited books are the editions of the Romanian classics.
Hours of service: summer: 10.00 - 18.00, winter: 9.00 – 17.00. Friday – closed.
Statue of Mihai Eminescu, Montreal

The Mihai Eminescu Statue (French: Hommage à Mihai Eminescu, poète roumain) is a monument in the Plateau-Mont-Royal area of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
The monument to Mihai Eminescu by Vasile Gorduz was unveiled on September 19, 2004. The event also marked the celebration of 100 years of Romanian presence in Canada and 35 years of Canadian-Romanian relations. The statue is located in Place de la Roumanie (Romania Square), in a small park located between rue Sewell, rue Clark, rue St. Cuthbert and Avenue des Pins.
45°30′53″N 73°34′35″W﻿ / ﻿45.514795°N 73.57652°W﻿ / 45.514795; -73.57652
Statue of Mihai Eminescu, Iași

A statue of Mihai Eminescu in Iași, Romania, is located at 2 Carol I Boulevard, in front of the Central University Library of Iași.
In 1924, the Popular Athenaeum of the Toma Cozma Church began raising funds for a statue of poet Mihai Eminescu. After collecting 1.5 million lei, a committee was formed to choose a design. Two competitions held in 1927 failed to produce a finalist, despite receiving entries from accomplished artists. A third attempt, held in 1928 under the leadership of Mihail Sadoveanu, resulted in the selection of Czech-Romanian sculptor Ion Schmidt-Faur‘s model. Completed in late 1928, the statue was unveiled in 1929, the 40th anniversary of Eminescu’s death.
The work was originally placed at the entrance to the University of Iași, where a statue of Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol now stands. Artistically, the result is not considered out of the ordinary. It has been suggested that the poet’s overwhelming character inhibited sculptors’ inspiration, especially during that period. Other contemporary efforts faithfully reproduce his face, but are artificial and lack expression.
The backers stipulated that Eminescu had to be depicted at age 30. Thus, the sculptor drew from later portraits, neglecting the photograph of the youthful Eminescu that has since become classic. The poet is clad in the folds of a timeless toga. The bronze statue is 3.35 meters high. Later, Sabin Bălașa used the image on a fresco in the university lobby, identifying the poet with the hero of Luceafărul.
The pedestal measures 5.20 meters and is made from Vratsa stone. Each side features a human-sized bronze statue depicting Philosophy and Poetry in allegory. They sit on chairs, as suggested by committee member Orest Tafrali. Reportedly, the sculptor modeled the latter on his wife and not, as presumed, on Eminescu’s lover Veronica Micle. The male figure has been said to depict Poor Dionis, but resembles the sculptor himself.
Two bas reliefs are set near the base of the pedestal, depicting scenes from Luceafărul and Doina. In 1946, soon after the Soviet occupation of Romania, the authorities chiseled out the nationalistic quotation from the latter poem. Two surrounding stone benches were added at the behest of Tafrali, inspired by the Paris statue of François Coppée. In 1957, the ensemble was moved to its current site at the foot of Copou Hill. Previously, the demolished Union Monument had stood there.
Since 2004, the statue has been listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.
47°10′14″N 27°34′33″E﻿ / ﻿47.17043°N 27.57583°E﻿ / 47.17043; 27.57583
Eminescu's Linden Tree

Eminescu's Linden Tree (Romanian: Teiul lui Eminescu) is a 500-year-old silver lime (Tilia tomentosa Moench) in Copou Park, Iași, Romania.
Mihai Eminescu reportedly wrote some of his best works underneath this lime, rendering the tree one of Romania's most important natural monuments and a Iași landmark.
According to the Iasi Environmental Protection Agency's official data, the tree is approximately 458 years old. A more recent survey conducted using an increment borer, placed the tree at 540 years of age (+- 3%).
The tree was used as a civic symbol by the students who protested, in February 2013, against the removal (by felling) of the linden tree alignment in the Iaşi city centre, and its replacement by the local municipality with miniature Japanese shrubs. In November 2015, the decision was reversed following a public referendum on the topic, which resulted in the reinstatement of limes in the city centre.
In June 2014, Asociatia Dendro-Ornamentala "Anastasie Fatu Iasi", backed by the Iaşi Academic Group and the 'Iașul Iubește Teii' ('Iasi Loves Its Linden Trees') civic campaign, with support from 'Asociația Peisagiștilor din România' (ASOP) and 'Centrul de resurse pentru participare publica' (The Resource Center for Public Participation) (CeRe) (Bucharest), warned the City Hall over the tree's near critical condition, and asked for a number of emergency dendrological measures to be taken. Later the same month, the City Hall complied with the request and, under the supervision of ing. dr. Ionel Lupu (President, Asociatia Dendro-Ornamentala "Anastasie Fatu Iasi") proceeded to treating the lime with Bordeaux mixture, insect repellent and organic soil enrichments.
One day after the treatment, joined by local intellectuals and members of the public, ing. dr. Ionel Lupu, Professor Mandache Leocov and Professor Liviu Antonesei gathered near the tree and argued for the replanting of limes in the Iasi city centre, while accusing the City Hall of gross incompetence in managing the city's green spaces.
47°10′42.2″N 27°34′0.2″E﻿ / ﻿47.178389°N 27.566722°E﻿ / 47.178389; 27.566722
Nichita Stănescu

Nichita Stănescu (Romanian pronunciation: [niˈkita stəˈnesku]; born Nichita Hristea Stănescu; 31 March 1933 – 13 December 1983) was a Romanian poet and essayist.
Stănescu's father was Nicolae Hristea Stănescu (1908–1982). His mother, Tatiana Cereaciuchin, was Russian (originally from Voronezh, she had fled Russia and married in 1931). Nichita Stănescu graduated from the Ion Luca Caragiale High School in Ploiești, then went on to study Romanian language and literature at the University of Bucharest, graduating in 1957. He made his literary debut in the Tribuna literary magazine.
Stănescu married Magdalena Petrescu in 1952, but the couple separated a year later. In 1962 he married Doina Ciurea. In 1982 he married Todorița "Dora" Tărâță.
For much of his career, Stănescu was a contributor to and editor of Gazeta Literară, România Literară, and Luceafărul.
His editorial debut was the poetry book Sensul iubirii ("The Aim of Love"), which appeared under the Luceafărul selection, in 1960. He also was the recipient of numerous awards for his verse, the most important being the Herder Prize in 1975 and a nomination for the Nobel Prize in 1980. The last volume of poetry published in his lifetime was Noduri și semne ("Knots and Signs"), published in 1982. A heavy drinker, he died of cardiopulmonary arrest. He is buried in Bucharest's Bellu Cemetery.
There is a national poetry festival and an award named Stănescu in his honor.
There are high schools named after him in Ploiești and in Sector 3 of Bucharest. Streets in Blejoi, Cluj-Napoca, Dej, Mogoșoaia, Pipera (Voluntari), Ploiești, and Vama Veche are named in his honor.
One hundred lei

The one hundred lei banknote is one of the circulating denomination of the Romanian leu. It is the same size as the 2002 series 100 Euro banknote.
The main color of the banknote is blue. It pictures, on the obverse the playwright, short story writer, poet, theater manager, political commentator and journalist Ion Luca Caragiale, and on the reverse the old building of the Bucharest National Theatre, and the statue of Ion Luca Caragiale. The one hundred lei banknote is the only banknote that pictures a personality both on the obverse and reverse.
In the past, the denomination was also in the coin form, as follows:
First leu (1867-1947)
Second leu (1947-1952)
Third leu - ROL (1952-2005)
Fourth leu - RON (since 2005)
National Bank of Romania website
Tudor Cataraga

Tudor Cataraga (4 August 1956 – 27 December 2010) was a sculptor from the Republic of Moldova.
From 1981 to 1984, Cataraga was a student in the sculpture department at the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts. As a graduate student at the same Institution (1989), he worked with Professor Sergey Kubasov. He became a member of the Union of Artists of Moldova in 1993 and of the International Association of Arts (IAA-UNESCO) in 1997. In 2000, he was named chair of the Sculpture Department of the Union of Artists of Moldova. In 2010, Cataraga and his wife were killed in a car accident.
"...As a starting point for the understanding of the artist's repertory of shapes, I would suggest two monuments: Monument to Ion Dumeniuc, The Guarding Angel (stone, 1995, Central Orthodox Cemetery, Chișinău) and Mihai Eminescu (bronze, 1996, square of the "Mihai Eminescu" National Theatre), both of them representing visual arguments of a precise spiritual and historical identity.
The first monument is characteristic for the religious, spiritual aspect, always present in the sculptor's work. We can place the Guarding Angel project, first executed in baked clay and in a smaller form in 1990, into a larger family of works: Prayer (metal, 1991) and Sound of Sadness (baked clay, 1992). The "simplicity as a resolved complexity" Brancusi is an important key for the understanding of these works.
...for the monument to Mihai Eminescu, Tudor Cataraga selects only abstract principles, imagining a "cosmic" portrait of the national genius. Far more modern in visual expression, the sculptor is now free to play with three-dimensional elements and he conceives a rhythmical network that concentrates in the poet's figure /symbolic nucleus, without stirring the space, but comprimating. This second direction of his research, his playing with neo-expressionist forms can be seen in a series of his recent experimental works: The Woman-Crossbow (bronze, wood, 1994), The Man-Bird (bronze, granite, 1994), Motherhood (bronze, granite, 1998).
Tenacious in his research leading him from deductive to inductive thinking, without any disruption from his way, the sculptor's interest is gradually sliding to architectural constructions, and constructivism. The ever more pregnant abstract trend, the play with geometrical modules epitomise his fascination with the assemblage and with the rich relation "entity-detail": Genesis (wood, metal, 2000), Masterpiece (wood, metal, 2000). Tudor Cataraga, in his full artistic maturity, has the energy and the firm gesture of an inquisitive and attentive sculptor".
Victor Eftimiu

Victor Eftimiu (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈviktor efˈtimju]; 24 January 1889 – 27 November 1972) was a Romanian poet and playwright. He was a contributor to Sburătorul, a Romanian literary magazine. His works have been performed in the State Jewish Theater of Romania.
Eftimiu was of Albanian origin, but also had Aromanian descent through his father Gheorghe Eftimiu, a merchant. Eftimiu's mother was Maria Eftimiu, née Cociu. Victor Eftimiu was born in Boboshticë near Korçë. In 1905, he emigrated from Albania to Romania, where he found work as a theatre manager in 1913. He published several books of poetry, and wrote comedies and satirical pieces for the theatre. He also wrote a volume of Romanian fairy tales, and several children's books. He wrote also criticisms and articles for numerous magazines.
He died in 1972 and was buried at Bellu Cemetery.
Eftimiu lived in a house next to the Cișmigiu Gardens, in central Bucharest. The street where the house is located is named after him; a bust of Eftimiu [ro], sculpted by Dimitrie Paciurea in 1929, is in the house's garden. Streets in Arad, Cluj-Napoca, and Pitești are also named after him.
Paddy Bushe

File Éireannach is ea Paddy Bushe a rugadh i mBaile Átha Cliath sa bhliain 1948. Scríobhann sé i mBéarla agus i nGaeilge, agus tá sé ina chónaí i mBaile na Sceilge, Ciarraí. Bhronn an Chomhairle Ealaíon sparánacht air chun cnuasach dátheangach a chumadh a bhaineann le taisteal sa Chianoirthear.
Rinne Bushe scannán cáipéise dar theideal The Truth About Kathmandu, a taispeánadh den chéad uair i bhFómhar na bliana 2009. Freagra a bhí ann ar an scannán Fairytale of Kathmandu, a chuir tús le conspóid faoi Chathal Ó Searcaigh, file. I scannán Bushe cuireadh agallamh in athuair ar roinnt fear óg a bhí in Fairytale agus dearcadh níos báúla i leith Uí Shearcaigh ann.
Clochán coirceogach

Is éard is clochán coirceogach nó clochán ann, ná seanbhothán cloch ar dhéanamh coirceoige, a bhfuil díon coirbéalta air, a bhaineann go coitianta le cósta thiar theas na hÉireann.
Ní fios dáta beacht tógála fhormhór na struchtúr seo, ach baineann na foirgnimh le traidisiún Ceilteach seanbhunaithe, cé nach bhfuil aon fhianaise dhíreach ann faoi láthair gur tógadh na samplaí reatha níos luaithe ná 700 CE. D'fhéadfadh sé gur tógadh cuid acu a bhaineann le láithreáin reiligiúnacha sa tréimhse réamh-Rómhánach, ach measann daoine áirithe gur tógadh na struchtúir is iomláine tar éis an 12ú haois nó níos déanaí. Seo an áit a raibh cónaí ar na manaigh.
Is botháin chruinne choirceogache iad de ghnáth, ach tá pleananna dronuilleogacha ar eolas freisin. Tá sé tugtha le fios go mbaineann na loirg dhronuilleogacha le ré níos déanaí. Tá roinnt clochán nach bhfuil tógtha go hiomlán de chloch agus b'fhéidir go raibh díon tuí orthu. Tá na ballaí an-tiubh, suas le 1.5 méadar. Uaireanta bíonn roinnt clochán ceangailte le chéile ag a gcuid ballaí.
Tá clocháin le fáil den chuid is mó in Iardheisceart na hÉireann, mar shampla ag Sceilg Mhichíl, Oileán an Teampaill amach ó Bheiginis, Gleann Fán, Fán agus An Riasc i gCorca Dhuibhne i gContae Chiarraí. Tarlaíonn go leor i gcomhthéacsanna creidimh;á n-úsáid ag na manaigh Naomh Pádraig; ina theannta sin, lean a chomharbaí ar aghaidh leis an traidisiún ailtireachta in oileán Í na hAlban agus ar deireadh thiar trí Naomh Aodhán go dtí na hoileáin in oirthear Shasana; Oileáin Farne agus Lindisfarne. Tá cinn eile i ráthanna (ar nós Leaca na Buaile, Contae Chiarraí) a léirmhínítear go coitianta mar fhoirgneamh tuata. D’fhéadfadh séipéil ilchasta le ballaí tirime mar Aireagal Ghallarais teacht ón gclochán. Tá cur síos ar an gclochán i ndlí an 7ú go dtí an 8ú haois, amhail an téacs dlí luath Críth Gablach.
Rinneadh codanna de scannán 2017 Star Wars: The Last Jedi a scannánú ag baint úsáide as botháin choirceogacha ar Sceilg Mhichíl. Mar gheall ar na srianta a bhaineann le scannánaíocht ar an oileán, sa bhliain 2016 tógadh macasamhail de bhotháin choirceogacha ag Ceann Sibéal, gar do Bhaile an Fheirtéaraigh, ar Leithinis an Daingin.
An tAigéan Atlantach

Clúdaíonn an tAtlantach (uaireanta an tAigéan Atlantach, nó An Fharraige Mhór) limistéar 100,000,000 km², agus é ar an dara haigéan is mó ar domhan ó thaobh acra de. Is ó scaradh mhór-roinne na hAfraice agus Mheiriceá na miliúnta bliain ó shin a cruthaíodh é. An doimhne is mó atá aige ná 9,560m (ag scoilt Phórtó Rícó atá sé seo). Ina lár tá sraith sléibhte fo-mhuireach, an Droim Lár-Atlantach.
Síneann an tAtlantach ón Eoraip siar go Meiriceá Thuaidh, agus ó dheas idir Meiriceá Theas agus an Afraic. Clúdaíonn an t-aigéan an limistéar ar fad ón Artach ó dheas go dtí Antartaice. An tAtlantach Thuaidh a thugtar ar an gcuid ó thuaidh ón Meánchiorcal, agus an tAtlantach Theas ar an gcuid ó dheas uaidh.
An tAigéan Antartach

Cuimsíonn an tAigéan Antartach, ar a dtugtar an tAigéan Theas freisin, na huiscí is faide ó dheas den aigéan domhanda, a ghlactar leis go bhfuil sé ó dheas den domhanleithead deisceartach 60° agus ag timpeallú na hAntartaice. Le méid 20,327,000 km (7,848,000 mi cearnach), meastar gurb é an dara roinn is lú de na cúig phríomhroinn aigéanacha: níos lú ná an tAigéan Ciúin, an tAtlantach, agus an tAigéan Indiach, ach níos mó ná an tAigéan Artach.. Ó na 1980idí, tá an tAigéan Antartach faoi réir athraithe aeráide tapa, rud ba chúis le hathruithe in éiceachóras na mara.
Trína thurais sna 1770idí, chruthaigh James Cook gur chuimsigh na huiscí domhanleithead theas na cruinne. Ó shin i leith, níor aontaigh tíreolaithe le teorainn thuaisceartach an Aigéin Chiúin nó fiú gurb ann di, agus iad ag smaoineamh ar na huiscí mar chodanna éagsúla den Aigéan Ciúin, den Atlantach agus den Aigéan Indiach, ina ionad sin. De réir an Cheannasóra John Leech ón Eagraíocht Hidreagrafach Idirnáisiúnta (EHI), áfach, thángthas ar thaighde aigéaneolaíochta le déanaí ar thábhacht Fheacht an Deiscirt, agus gur úsáideadh an téarma an tAigéan Theas chun an dobharlach uisce atá laisteas de theorainn thuaidh na cúrsaíochta sin a shainmhíniú.Is é seo beartas oifigiúil reatha an EHI, ós rud é nár glacadh le hathbhreithniú 2000 ar a shainmhínithe lena n-áirítear an tAigéan Theas mar uiscí ó dheas den 60ú dhomhanleithid go fóill. Measann daoine eile gurb é an Choinbhéirseac Antartach, a bhíonn ag luainiú de réir séasúir, an teorainn nádúrtha. Is é an crios aigéanach seo an limistéar ina meascann uiscí fuara ó thuaidh ón Antartach le huiscí Fo-antartacha teo.
Hyas araneus

Speiceas portáin is ea Hyas araneus, ar a dtugtar freisin an portán faoilinne mór, an portán crúbach mór agus an portán iarainn mór, a fhaightear in uiscí oirthuaisceart an Atlantaigh agus sa Mhuir Thuaidh, faoi bhun an limistéir taoide de ghnáth.
Sa bhliain 1986, gabhadh dhá eiseamal ag Inse Shealtainn Theas amach ó Leithinis an Antartaigh, arna iompar de réir dealraimh ag gníomhaireacht dhaonna. Bhí faitíos ann go mbeadh drochthionchar ag an speiceas ar an bhfána dúchasach, ach níor raibh a thuilleadh gabhálacha ón réigiún ó ghabhadh na n-eiseamal sa bhliain 1986.
Is féidir leis an bportán faoilinne mór foladh agus fáil réidh lena bhlaosc/chraiceann seachtrach. D'fhéadfadh sé seo roinnt ama a thógáil ach ligeann sé dóibh fás go mór. Tar éis foladh bíonn siad an - leochaileach do chreachadóirí mar gheall ar eischnámharlach an-bhog.
Teampall Mhanachain

Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta (62) is ea Teampall Mhanachain, aitheanta chomh maith An Teampall Geal, aireagal meánaoiseach le cloch Ogham ann, suite i gContae Chiarraí, Éire.
Tá Teampall Mhanachain suite san Bhaile Riabhach 4.5 km siar ó thuaidh ón Daingean. ag 52° 09′ 16″ N, 10° 19′ 53″ O﻿ / ﻿52.154529°N,10.331290°W﻿ / 52.154529; -10.331290
Tógadh an eaglais idir an 7ú agus 9ú haois, déanta as cloch shingil. Tá sé 2.75 m in airde le cloch bharrghréasa ann. Tá sí 5.5 m ar fad agus 5 m ar leithead, agus tá achar 28 m ag an n-urlár.
Tá aireagal san eaglais a bhfuil cruth báid air, cosúil leis ann gceann ag Gallarus. In aice láimhe, tá uaimh talún (darb ainm Poll na Sagart, toisc go creidtear go mbíodh sagairt Chaitliceacigh ina bhfolach inti le linn na bPéindlíthe) agus reilig ársa le leaca inscríofa le crosanna. Tá tobar beannaithe, Tobar Manachain, suite ó dheas.
Tá an chíoch ogham (CIIC 170) 1.68 m ar airde, agus léitear an inscríbhinn:
Mhol Sabine Ziegler gur den 5ú–7ú haoiseanna AD í.
Saighir Chiaráin

Ciallaíonn Saighir Chiaráin, ‘tobar Chiaráin’. Tá baint ag an séipéal ársa i Saighir Chiaráin le Naomh Ciarán seanóir, a bhfuil sé ráite faoi gur chaith sé 30 bliain sa Róimh ag déanamh staidéar ar na scrioptúir.
Sa ré ársa, ba áit adhlactha an séipéal do ríthe ríocht ársa Osraí. Tagann oilithrigh fós i gcomhair na stáisiún ag Tobar Naomh Ciarán agus ag Sceach agus Cloch Naomh Ciarán ar fhéile Chiaráin (5ú Márta).
Istigh sa reilig tá bun ardchroise (SMR OF039-003002-) ón 9ú haois, ar a bhfuil snoíodóireacht de radhairc ón mbíobla, cosúil le 'hÁdhamh agus Éabha i nGairdín Pharthais'.
Am éigin roimh an mbliain 1170, tháinig Saighir Chiaráin chun a bheith ina theach do chanónaigh Agaistíneacha, agus go gairid i ndiaidh an dáta seo, tógadh séipéal prióireachta Naomh Ciarán.
Is iad ballaí an tséipéil sin teorainn thuaidh na reilige.
Tá bunsraith cloigthí níos sine le feiceáil ar uillinn sheachtrach thiar thuaidh fhothraigh na prióireachta. Díscaoileadh an phrióireacht sa bhliain 1152 agus am éigin ina dhiaidh sin daingníodh an séipéal nuair a cuireadh túr gunna beag cruinn leis ar an uillinn thoir theas.
Sa bhliain 1844, thóg Eaglais na hÉireann an séipéal atá ann inniu. Istigh ann tá cros chloiche agus roinnt crosleac a fuarthas sa reilig.
Tá Síle na gCíoch (SMR OF039-003011-) ón suíomh in Ard-Mhúsaem na hÉireann anois.
Moninne Chill Shléibhe

Bhí Moninne Chill Shléibhe ar dhuine de chéad ban-naoimh na hÉireann (timpeall 435 - 517 AD). Thug "sagart teagasc" di faoi bhunphrionsabail na beatha chrábhaidh. D’éirigh léi comhthionól rialta a bhunú ag Sliabh gCuilinn i gContae Ard Mhacha (inniu Cill Shléibhe nó Killevy nó Killeavy), a raibh ochtar maighdean, agus baintreach lena naíonán ina mbaill de.
Chaith siad saol díthreabhach a bhí bunaithe ar shampla Éilias agus Eoin Bhaiste.
D’éag sí sa bhliain 517/518. Ceiliúrtar a lá féile ar 6 Iúil.
Brega

Ríocht Ghaelach na meánaoise ba ea Breá (Sean-Ghaeilge Brega), suite in oirthear na tíre. Cuid de mhuintir Uí Néill a bhí ann, Síol Aodha Sláine d'Uí Néill an Deisceart.
Ainmnithe as Magh Breá a bhí an dream agus a ríocht.
Bhí ríocht Bhreá suite i chontaetha na Mí, Lú agus Baile Átha Cliath mar atá inniu ann. Teoranta a bhí sí ag Muir Éireann san oirthear, an Life sa deisceart, agus ó thuaidh trasna na Bóinne go dtí Sliabh Breagha the i ndeisceart an Lú. Is dócha gur luaineach í an teorainn thiar, idir Breá agus Ríocht na Mí, agus ní fios í go cruinn.
Laistigh de Bhreá bhíodh Teamhair, suíomh insealbhaithe Ard-Ríthe na hÉireann.
Ionghabhadh Breá sa 6ú haois ag Uí Néill. Faoi lár na 8ú haoise, bhí an Síol Aodha Sláine scartha as a chéil in dhá leath ar an naimhdeas: Deisceart Breá nó ríocht Loch Gabhair, faoi cheannas Uí Chearnaigh; agus Tuaisceart Breá, nó ríocht Cnogba, faoi cheannas Uí Chonaing. In ainneoin na críochdheighilte úd, bhíodh go leor ríhe i gceannas sa dá cheantar.
Ag druidim leis an deireadh, bhí Breá faoi bhagairt na Lochlannach agus Ríocht Bhaile Átha Cliath ag teacht chun cinn, agus thit an tíocht faoi ardfhlaitheas na Mí. Nuair a roinneadh ríocth na Mí sa dara haois déag le linn Ionradh na Normannach, thit codanna de Bhreá faoi cheannas Bhréife agus na Laigean.
Categóir:Gaeil
Baile na bhFionnúrach

Is lios cloiche (caiseal) é Baile na bhFionnúrach atá suite in gContae Chiarraí, Éire. Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta atá ann.
Tá Baile na bhFionnúrach i gCorca Dhuibhne, 10 km (6.2 mhíle) lastuaidh de bhaile an Daingin, ar na fánaí thiar de Chnoc Bréanainn. Tá 40 lios, 24 clochán agus 2 cillíní i ngrúpa níos leithne Bhaile na bhFionnúrach.
An caiseal seo le trastomhas inmheánach de 27 m (89 tr) in úsáid sa 7ú-10ú haois, le hathúsáid níos déanaí sa 13ú haois. Tá sé cosúil leis an gcaiseal ag Leaca na Buaile.
Rinne Erin Gibbons é a thochailt go déanach sna 1990idí. Thángthas ar chlais ina raibh iarsmaí orgánacha – úll, sméar dubh, cnónna coill agus síolta fíonchaoire. Fuarthas freisin uirlisí cloiche, potaireacht, sceana iarainn, coirnín gorm gloine, blúirí breogán, dhá bhonn ón 13ú haois (pinginí airgid Anraí III ) agus dhá réad deilithe. Úsáideadh fearnóg agus saileach le haghaidh cuaillí, de réir dealraimh de bharr easpa darach sa réigiún.
Tá dhá chlochán sa chaiseal, teallach, uaimh thalún agus roinnt poll cuaille, agus ardán céimnithe. Cruthaítear na cuaillí geata le leaca díreacha. Tá seomra fada san uaimh thalún ar fad 5.5 m (18 tr).
Porta Nigra

Geata mór cathrach Rómhánach i Trier, an Ghearmáin is ea an Porta Nigra, ar a dtugann muintir na háite Porta. Is Láithreán Oidhreachta Domhanda UNESCO é.
Tháinig an t-ainm Porta Nigra ó na Meánaoiseanna mar gheall ar dhath dorcha a chloiche; níl an bunainm Rómhánach caomhnaithe.
Tógadh an Porta Nigra i ngaineamhchloch liath tar éis 170 AD. Dhá thúr cheithre stór a bhí sa gheata bunaidh, agus é ag gobadh amach a bheag nó a mhór mar leathchiorcail ar an taobh amuigh. Scar clós caol an dá oscailt geata ar gach taobh. Ar chúiseanna anaithnid, áfach, níor críochnaíodh tógáil an gheata. Mar shampla, níor scríobadh na clocha ar an taobh thuaidh (lasmuigh) den gheata riamh, agus bheadh sé dodhéanta geataí inbhogtha a shuiteáil de bharr na gcloch ag gobadh amach. Mar sin féin, baineadh úsáid as an ngeata mar bhealach isteach chuig an mbaile ar feadh na gcéadta bliain go dtí deireadh na ré Rómhánaí i dTrier.
In aimsir na Róimhe, bhí an Porta Nigra ina chuid den chóras ceithre gheata cathrach, ceann acu ar gach taobh den chathair Rómhánach a bhí dronuilleogach, a bheag nó a mhór. Chosain sé an bealach isteach thuaidh go dtí an chathair Rómhánach, agus tógadh Porta Alba (An Geata Bán) san oirthear, Porta Media (An Geata Meánach) sa deisceart, agus Porta Inclyta (Geata Cáiliuíl) san iarthar, in aice leis an Droichead Rómhánach trasna an Moselle. Sheas na geataí ag foircinn an dá phríomhshráid i dTrier, ceann acu a chuaigh thuaidh-theas agus an ceann eile soir-siar. As na geataí seo, níl ach an Porta Nigra fós ann.
Go luath sa Mheánaois níor úsáideadh geataí na cathrach Rómhánaí a thuilleadh dá bhfeidhm bhunaidh agus tógadh agus athúsáidíodh a gclocha d'fhoirgnimh eile. Thairis sin, briseadh teanntáin iarainn agus luaidhe amach as ballaí an Porta Nigra lena n-athúsáid. Tá rianta den scrios seo le feiceáil go soiléir fós ar an taobh thuaidh den gheata.
EOECNA

Is gníomhaireacht speisialta de chuid na Náisiún Aontaithe a bunaíodh sa bhliain 1945 é Eagraíocht Oideachais, Eolaíochta agus Chultúir na Náisiún Aontaithe (EOECNA).
Bunaíodh é faoi Chairt na Náisiún Aontaithe le haghaidh comhoibriú idirnáisiúnta i réimsí oideachasúla, eolaíochta, agus cultúrtha a chur chun cinn.
Tá 193 ballstát agus 6 ball comhlacha ag UNESCO sa bhliain 2020. D'éirigh SAM as sa bhliain 1984.
Tá oifigí ag UNESCO i go leor suíomhanna timpeall an domhain. Tá a ceanncheathrú lonnaithe i bPáras na Fraince.
Bunaíodh an Clár Idirnáisiúnta Chuimhne an Domhain UNESCO i 1992 le haitheantas a thabhairt d’oidhreacht dhoiciméadach a measann saineolaithe a bheith de “shuntas den scoth” do chultúr an domhain. Bhunaigh UNESCO clár Cuimhne an Domhain i 1992 chomh maith chun caomhnú a dhéanamh ar ábhar luachmhar oidhreachta a bhí i mbaol de bharr na cogaíochta agus an tsuaite sóisialta nó de bharr easpa acmhainní.
2011ˑ Cuireadh an Leabhar Cheanannais le Clár Cuimhne an Domhain UNESCO.
2018ː Cuireadh Cnuasach Bhéaloideas Éireann le Clár Cuimhne an Domhain UNESCO. Tá an cnuasach béaloidis le háireamh ar chlár UNESCO mar gheall ar a “thábhacht dhomhanda” agus “an luach domhanda thar na bearta don chultúr”.
Sa bhliain 2017, bhí stádas UNESCO á lorg don Ghàidhlig, do chultúr Gaelach na hAlban agus do na h-Eileanan Siar. Ach ní bhfuair siad é (fós).
I mí na Nollag 2015 dhaingnigh Éire Coinbhinsiún 2003 UNESCO maidir le Caomhnú na hOidhreachta Cultúrtha Doláimhsithe. Tagraíonn oidhreacht chultúrtha dholáimhsithe ‘do na cleachtais, léirithe, nathanna, eolas, scileanna - chomh maith leis na hionstraimí, réada, déantáin agus spásanna cultúrtha lena gcois - a aithníonn pobail, grúpaí agus, i roinnt cásanna, daoine aonair mar chuid dá n-oidhreacht chultúrtha.
Ghlac UNESCO le cluiche na hiománaíochta, píobaireacht uilleann agus cláirseoireacht na hÉireann, mar chuid d’Oidhreacht Chultúrtha Dholáimhsithe an Chine Dhaonna.
Músaem Thuamaí Ríoga Eegon (Vergina)

Tá Músaem Thuamaí Ríoga Eegon (Vergina) suite 75 km siar ó Thessaloniki na Gréige, agus dírithe timpeall ar na tuamaí ríoga a thóg Ríocht ársa na Macadóine ag Eegon (Αιγών).Cuireadh tús le tógáil an mhúsaeim faoi thalamh ina bhfuil braisle adhlactha Philib II na Macadóine sa bhliain 1993 agus osclaíodh é sa bhliain 1997. Cuirtear taispeántais i láthair i gceithre limistéar nasctha, lena n-áirítear an Pálás, braisle adhlactha ríoga ríshliocht Themenid (braisle adhlactha "C "), braisle adhlactha Philip II, agus agus geata iontrála leath-aer-oscailte de na deilbh atá le fáil i tearmainn na cathrach agus urlár uachtair athchóirithe d'aghaidh Phálás Philib. Inscríobhadh tuamaí agus láithreáin seandálaíochta eile d' Eegon ar Liosta Oidhreachta Domhanda UNESCO i 1996 mar gheall ar a ailtireacht eisceachtúil agus fianaise ar an aistriú idir cathair - stáit agus impireachtaí i sibhialtacht na hEorpa..
Is iad na bailiúcháin atá sa mhúsaem ná na hearraí uaighe a fuarthas ó thochailtí seandálaíochta a thosaigh sa bhliain 1861 agus a leanann ar aghaidh go dtí an lá atá inniu ann.
Bhí suim ag seandálaithe sna dumhaí adhlactha timpeall ar Vergina chomh luath leis an 1855 CR, ag ceapadh go raibh suíomh Eegoin sa chomharsanacht. Mar sin féin, ní bhfuarthas aon rud níos mó ná tuamaí folmha. Thosaigh tochailtí arís sa bhliain 1861 faoin seandálaí Francach Leon Heuzey, urraithe ag Napoleon III . Thángthas ar chodanna d'fhoirgneamh mór a measadh a bheith ar cheann de pháláis Antagonuis III Doson (263-221 RCR), a scriosadh go páirteach le tine, in aice le Palatitsa, a chaomhnaigh cuimhne den phálás ina ainm nua - aimseartha. Mhol na tochailteoirí gurbh é seo suíomh chathair ársa Valla, dearcadh a bhí i réim go dtí 1976 . Mar sin féin, b'éigean na tochailtí a thréigean mar gheall ar bhaol na maláire .
Ba é Konstantinos Romaios, ollamh le seandálaíocht in Ollscoil Arastatail Thessaloniki, a d’aimsigh an chéad tuama ríoga agus é ag obair ar iarsmaí an pháláis idir 1937 agus 1940. Bhí go leor den phálás easghlanta le haghaidh ábhar tógála ag teifigh Gréagacha, a bhí athlonnaithe ann ó Anatóil na Tuirce tar éis Cogaidh na Gréige-na Tuirce. Thóg siad lonnaíocht nua ar an suíomh a d'ainmnigh siad Vergina tar éis banríon finscéalach i 1922. Ach, tréigeadh na tochailtí nuair a thosaigh an cogadh leis an Iodáil i 1940. Lean Cogadh Cathartha na Gréige (1946-1949) an Dara Cogadh Domhanda.
Kairouan

Is príomhchathair na gobharnóireachta Kairouan é Kairouan(Araibis:قيروان ). Tá an chathair 150 ciliméadar soir ó dheas ó Túinis, 50 ciliméadar soir ó Sousse agus 70 ciliméadar ón Meánmhuir. De réir an daonáireamh 2014, tá daonra de 139,070 ag an gcathair agus é an chathair leis an gcúigiú daonra is mó sa Túinéis. Sa bhliain 1988, cuireadh an chathair ar liosta Suíomh Oidhreacht Domhanda UNESCO. Uaireanta, deirtear go bhfuil an chathair ina cheathrú cathair is naofa in Ioslam i ndiaidh Meice, Meidíne agus Iarúsailéim agus ina chathair is naofa sa Mhagraib.
Bhunaigh an Chailifeacht Umayyad an chathair sa bhliain 670 RC. Go dtí an 11ú haois, b'ionad tábhachtach Ioslamach é do Mhoslamaigh na Afraice Thuaidh. Sa lá na linne seo, tagann Moslamaigh ó chian is ó chóngar go Kairouan.
Palmyra

Is cathair sa tSiria í Palmyra. Is suíomh domhanda seandálachta de chuid UNESCO é chomh maith. Tá tábhacht faoi leith leis an gcathair ó thaobh ceangal a dhéanamh idir oirthear agus iarthar na tíre. Bhí daonra de thart ar 70,000 sa bhliain 2013.
Ar an 21 Bealtaine 2015, bhí Palmyra tógtha ag an ngrúpa mílísteach, an Stát Ioslamach, agus scriosadh fothracha ársa na cathrach tamall ina dhiaidh.
Bunbury

Port agus cathair san Astráil Thiar is ea Bunbury, an tríú chathair is mó sa stát, seachas Perth agus Mandurah. Tá sé suite 175 km ó theas lár chathair Perth.
Tá sé suite 175 km ó dheas chathair Perth, gar d’inbhear na hAbhann Collie.
Robáil Mhór Traenach

Bhí Robáil Mhór Traenach gadaíocht an £2.6 milliún as traein an Post Ríoga Mail ag imirt as Glaschú go Londain ar na West Coast Main Line sa luath maidin 8 Lúnasa 1963, ar an droichead iarnród Bridego Bridge, Ledburn, i ngar do Mentmore in Buckinghamshire, Sasana.
D'ionsaigh drong robálaithe an traein le Bruce Reynolds ina cheannaireacht. Bhí na baill dronga eile ann ná Gordon Goody, Buster Edwards, Charlie Wilson, Roy James, John Daly, Jimmy White, Ronnie Biggs, Tommy Wisbey, Jim Hussey, Bob Welch agus Roger Cordrey, chomh maith le triúr aithne mar uimhreacha "1", "2" agus "3" san áireamh.
Peil Astrálach

Is Peil Astrálach spórt a bhí idir dhá fhoireann de ochtar imreoirí déag ar an réimse na ceachtar talún hAstráile peile, páirc cruicéid modhnaithe, nó dul céanna meánmhéide ionad spóirt. Cluiche is ea Peil Astrálach atá cosúil le Peil Ghaelach agus rugbaí. Imrítear peil Astrálach san Astráil.
An chéad chluiche a taifeadadh de peile na hAstráile a bhí idir Scotch College agus Melbourne Grammar School ar 15 Meith, 1858 i St Kilda, Victoria. Cuspóir tosaigh an chluiche a bhí a choinneáil imreoirí cruicéad fisiciúil oiriúnach i rith an gheimhridh, agus go luath forbairt i spórt eagraithe a bhí idir scoileanna agus pobail imirceacha i Melbourne.
I 1871, bhí ar athraíodh a ionad cluichí ón Richmond Paddock don Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), i gcás ina bhfuil cluichí a curtha imir gach geimhreadh ó (144 bliain d'aois), lena n-áirítear Chríochnaitheach Mhór den chomórtas gach bliain. De réir na 1890, a dréachtcháipéis fiche bliain de chomórtas beag idir scoileanna, a bunaíodh Melbourne Football Club agus the University of Melbourne, an Victorian Football League (VFA) mar an comhlacht rialaithe don spórt.
Bhí sé seo le chéile go luath le freasúra ó chlubanna móra a scoilt chun foirm an Victorian Football League (VFL). Bunaíodh comhlachtaí comhchosúla i gcoilíneachtaí eile nuair a bhí an spórt rathúil, lena n-áirítear na South Australian Football Association (SAFA) agus an Western Australian Football Association (WAFA).
Bhí imir an chéad cluichí idir-colonial ar an 2 Lúnasa 1879 idir an Astráil Theas agus Victoria.
Timpeall fiche bliain ó shin, ligeadh dhá fhoireann as an Astráil Theas (Adelaide Crows agus Port Adelaide Power) agus dhá cheann as an Astráil Thiar (West Coast Eagles agus Fremantle Dockers), isteach sa chomórtas. Chomh maith leis sin, bhog foirne ó Melbourne go dtí New South Wales (South Melbourne, anois Sydney Swans) agus go Queensland (Fitzroy, anois Brisbane Lions), cé go bhfuil rugbaí níos coitianta ná peil Astrálach sna stáit sin. Cé gur fhanadar i Melbourne, athainmníodh Footscray mar Western Bulldogs.
Sa bhliain 2009, leathnaíodh an iomaíocht ó 16 fhoirne go 18 le cuimsiú na "expansion teams" sa Gold Coast agus níos Greater Western Sydney.
Tá peil Astrálach an-chosúil le peil Ghaelach, agus cluiche gairmiúil atá ann. Mar sin, tá roinnt imreoirí Éireannacha ag imirt san AFL faoi láthair:
Ascophyllum nodosum

Speiceas de Phaeophyceae nó d'algaí donna, san fhine Fucaceae is ea Ascophyllum nodosum agus an t-aon speiceas sa ghéineas Ascophyllum. Is feamainn de chuid an Aigéin Atlantaigh Thuaidh í, ar a dtugtar an fheamainn bhuí nó feamainn bhuí Thuaidh-Atlantach uirthi. Tá sí ar fáil go coitianta ar chósta thuaidh thiar na hEorpa (ó Svalbard go dtí an Phortaingéil) lena n-áirítear an Ghraonlainn thoir agus ar an chósta thoir-thuaidh de Mheiriceá Thuaidh.
Bíonn froinn fhada righne agus ba gheall le leathar ag A. nodosum, a fhásann go mírialta déscartha ar uillinn, le bolgáin aeir mhóra ubhchruthacha, leagtha amach i sraitheanna ag eatraimh rialta ar feadh na bhfrún ach neamhghasach. Is féidir leis na froinn fás go dtí 2 m ar fhad agus daingníonn ríosóidigh an fheamainn leis na carraigeacha. Tá dath glasbhuí, glasdhonn ar na froinn, agus beagán comhbhrúite, ach gan meánfhéith.
Tá saolréim an phlanda dioplóidigh agus gaiméití. Tá gach planda aonair fireannach nó baineannach. Táirgtear na gaiméití san earrach] i gcoimpreáin leabaithe i ngabhdáin buí ar chraobhacha gearra.
An Creeban

Is grúpa beag d’oileáin neamháitrithe sna Scillí, Corn na Breataine iad An Creeban (Gaeilge: An Sceir Bheag) .
Is iad An Creeban an ceann is faide siar de Na Carraigeacha Thiar, cuid de Na Scillí, rud a chiallaíonn gur an pointe is faide siar de Chorn na Breataine atá iontu. Tá siad timpeall 1.5 míle (2.4 ciliméadar) ó thuaidh ó Men Epskop (Carraig an Easpaig), agus thart ar 0.25 míle (0.4 ciliméadar) siar ó dheas ó Chreag Zantman . D'fhéadfadh go bhfuil an t-ainm gaolmhar leis an Mheán-Bhreatnais "crimp" a chiallaíonn "lorga, droim, nó laftán." Is é an Charraig Beannach an charraig is feiceálaí ins An Creeban. Is eol dúinn gur scriosadh ar a laghad tríocha long ar An Creeban.
Lios an Chraosaigh

Is lios agus Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta é Lios na Chraosaigh atá suite i gContae Chorcaí, Éire.
Tá Lios na Chraosaigh suite 6.7 km siar ó thuaidh ó Mhaigh Chromtha, sna cnoic idir an Sulán agus an Fhothrais.
Is lios ciorclach é Lios an Chraolaigh, 70 m (230 tr) ar thrastomhas le bealaí isteach sna coirnéil thiar theas agus thoir thuaidh. Tógadh liosanna den chineál seo den chuid is mó c. AD 550–900. Go hinmheánach bhí daoine lonnaithe i botháin adhmaid. Tá dún eile suite 900 m siar ó thuaidh; d'fhéadfadh sé seo a bheith ina imfhálú beostoic. Tá gallán agus liagchiorcal aiseach sa cheantar freisin. Tá an liagchiorcal déanta de chúig bholláin mhóra; go neamhghnách, is é an cloch aiseach an ceann is faide.
Eaglais an Fhosaidh

Eaglais mheánaoiseach agus Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta i gContae Laoise, Éire is ea Eaglais an Fhosaidh.
Tá Eaglais an Fhosaidh suite timpeall 800 m (870 slat) soir ó dheas ó Tigh Mochua, i reilig le ballaí.
Ceaptar go mbaineann an eaglais leus an 16ú haois. Athmhúnlaíodh an séipéal sa bhliain 1608. Rinneadh roinnt deisiúcháin i 1903.
Tá cruth dronuilleogach ar an séipéal le ballaí agus beanna ina seasamh, le hoscailtí dorais agus fuinneoige, tógtha as spallaí, le batair beag. Tá piscina suite sa chúinne thoir theas.
Smithsonian Institution

Is ionad taighde agus oideachais de chuid SAM é an Smithsonian Institute. Tá ocht n-iarsmalann déag, chomh maith leis an nGáirdín Ainmhithe Náisiúnta, ina mbaill den Smithsonian. Mar sin, 'sé sin an coimpléasc iarsmalainne is mó ar domhan é. Bhí níos mó ná 142 milliún nithe faoina gcúram sa bhliain 2005.
Cruthaíodh é ar an 10 Lúnasa 1846 go reachtúil, as oidhreacht an eolaí Shasanaigh James Smithson a fágadh ina uacht ag an stát Meiriceánach sa bhliain 1829. Bunaíodh é in Washington, D.C. chun "eolas domhanda a threisiú agus a scaipeadh'.
Tá ról lárnach aige sa taighde, oideachas, ealaíon, stair, fisic, seandálaíocht, bitheolaíocht, agus neart réimsí eile. Déanann an Institiúid urraíocht ar chuid mhaith taighde i réimsí leathana eolais.
Tá naoi roinn den iarsmalann Smithsonian lonnaithe ar an dá thaobh den National Mall in Washington DC.