davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
William D. Campbell (Scouting)

William Durant Campbell (March 18, 1907 – October 20, 1995) was a highly-decorated leader of the Scouting movement in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.
Campbell was born in Flint, Michigan, a grandson of William C. Durant, the founder of General Motors. He graduated from Princeton University in 1929, and first went into banking. After a few years, he became a field associate of the American Museum of Natural History and led six of their African expeditions in the 1930s. In 1937, he built Monte Carlo Ranch House in Kenya. During World War II, Campbell served in the U.S. Army as a battery commander. He retired as a major.
In 1940 he married Beatrice Hawn, who died in 1987. They had one daughter, Margot Bogert, who was also a world Scouting leader and Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Sarah Lawrence College.
Campbell was an officer of the World Organization of the Scout Movement from 1961 to 1965 and then from 1973 to 1985, and received Scouting awards from seven countries. He helped establish the World Scout Foundation and served as its chairman from 1969 to 1977. Campbell was awarded the Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting, in 1959. Campbell was also an Eagle Scout and recipient of both the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award and Silver Buffalo Award.
He is the only man in the history of the BSA to hold all five top-tier Scouting awards: the Bronze Wolf, the Silver Buffalo, the Silver Antelope, the OA Distinguished Service Award, and the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award. In 1971 he also received the highest distinction of the Scout Association of Japan, the Golden Pheasant Award.
He lived on Beekman Place in Manhattan, New York.
地攤經濟

地攤經濟，是中國國務院總理李克強在2020年提出的經濟政策，目的是利用路邊攤舒緩中國因中美貿易戰和2019冠状病毒病疫情清零政策帶來的失業潮。
2020年3月14日，成都市城市管理委员会和成都市城市管理行政执法局放开《成都市市容和环境卫生管理条例》第23条并发布《成都市城市管理五允许一坚持统筹疫情防控助力经济发展措施》，出台“五允许一坚持”。措施中允许设置临时占道摊点摊区、允许临街店铺越门经营、允许大型商场开展占道促销、允许流动商贩贩卖经营、允许互联网租赁自行车企业扩大停放区域、坚持柔性执法和审慎包容监管。截至2020年5月31日，成都全市设置的临时摊点2,234个，允许流动商贩经营点20,891个，增加就业岗位10万个以上，中心城区餐饮店铺复工率超过98%。
2020年3月20日，国务院办公厅发布《国务院办公厅关于应对新冠肺炎疫情影响强化稳就业举措的实施意见》。意见中指出，要更好实施就业优先政策，提高复工复产服务便利度，取消不合理审批，坚决纠正限制劳动者返岗的不合理规定。另外，《意见》支持多渠道灵活就业。合理设定无固定经营场所摊贩管理模式，预留自由市场、摊点群等经营网点。时任人力资源和社会保障部副部长游钧表示，这是政府加大为通过平台就业方式来实现就业增收的劳动者的支持力度体现。
2020年5月22日，国务院总理李克强于全国人大会议上作政府工作报告指出，各地要清理取消对就业的不合理限制，促就业举措要应出尽出，拓岗位办法要能用尽用。
2020年5月23日，全国人大代表杨宝玲在全国两会上建议，在进一步加强规范城市管理的同时，因地制宜，释放“地摊经济”的最大活力。杨宝玲建议制定统一的“地摊经济”准入许可标准、从业资格条件和商品入市手续，采取颁发资格证、许可证等方式，给予“地摊经济”与从业者合法地位。
2020年5月27日，中央精神文明建设指导委员会办公室适应常态化疫情防控形势，在今年全国文明城市测评指标中，已明确要求不将占道经营、马路市场、流动商贩列为考核内容，促进恢复经济社会秩序、满足群众生活需要。
2020年5月28日，李克强在第十三届全国人大第三次会议结束後，按惯例出席了总理记者会。李克強在記者會上也交代了中國當前有6億人口的每個月收入只有1000元人民幣左右。2020年正值中共中央總書記習近平提出的脫貧收官之年和全面建成小康社會，李克強的言論引發國內外廣泛爭議。
2020年6月1日，李克強前往山東省考察，再次強調了地攤經濟的重要性。他表示地摊经济、小店经济是就业岗位的重要来源，是人间的烟火，和“高大上”一样，是中国的生机。兩會結束後，不少省市开始放松对流动摊贩的管理，支持地摊经济重新回归城市。
中国多家企业响应李克强的号召推出地摊经济扶持计划，包括京东 “星星之火”计划、微信支付 “全国小店烟火计划” 、美团 “春风行动”百万小店计划，苏宁推出「夜逛合伙人」计划，阿里1688「地摊经济」帮扶计划等，为“人间烟火”再添助力。。
由於地攤小販會帶來一定的街道衛生等城市管理問題，北京市的城管部門表示，會依法嚴格查處佔道擺攤等違法行為。此前，中共北京市委書記蔡奇上任後，下令整頓北京低端人口的過程中，路邊攤販等不符合城市秩序的經營活動大多已經被取締。
2020年6月6日，《人民日报》发表社论《地摊经济，升温不能“发烧”》，肯定了地摊经济拉动经济发展、增加就业。可谓是复苏城市烟火气，也恢复经济景气。在地摊经济的监管问题上，应该在柔性执法中审慎包容，在审慎包容中柔性执法，探索治理效能最大化，实现多赢。
2020年6月7日，《北京日报》发表社论《地摊经济不适合北京》。社论指出“地摊经济”要坚持从自身实际出发，不能盲目跟风。北京作为中华人民共和国首都，必须注重保持城市应有的秩序，不应也不能发展那些不符合首都城市战略定位、不利于营造和谐宜居环境的经济业态。地摊经济于北京不仅不利于树立良好的首都形象和国家形象，也不利于促进经济高质量发展。社论还指出要坚定有序推进疏解整治促提升专项行动，狠抓城市精细化管理，稳步增强着全社会对精细化治理的共识和信心。同天，中国中央电视台也发表社论《地摊经济”不能一哄而起》，肯定了北京日报的观点。社论指出“地摊经济”一旦一哄而起，各个城市多年积累的精细化管理成效就会功亏一篑。社论还指出，惟有构建科学高效的治理之道，城市才能更健康。
北京政治学者吴强在接受BBC中文网记者采访时称：认为地摊经济的政策分歧，一定程度上反映了以中共中央总书记习近平与国务院总理李克强分别为代表的中共中央与国务院之间的内部权力斗争。法国国际广播和自由亚洲电台还将李克强比作与其同姓的李鸿章，将其形容为“裱糊匠”“李中堂”等。法国国际广播电台亦刊登一则作者为安德烈的文章，该文章将习李之间的矛盾与文化大革命前的中共中央主席毛泽东与中国国家主席刘少奇之间的路线分歧相比。
2020年10月16日，據北京日報報道，北京市當局出台《关于疫情常态化防控期间临时占用公共空间开展特色经营活动的有关工作意见》，允許符合規定的商家摆摊设点。北京日報記者表示，此次出台的規定與乱摆乱设的地摊经济有明顯區別。
2022年以来，中共中央总书记习近平主导的“清零政策”及伴随的封锁措施，已经严重地影响了中国经济发展。有不少分析认为，继续实行严格的清零政策将使中国经济持续处于衰退状态。
2022年9月22日，上海市人大常委會通過修訂《上海市市容環境衛生管理條例》，改變以往全面禁止散發商業性宣傳品和擺攤經營的做法，容許擺地攤，新規訂於同年12月1日開始實行。
2023年5月，深圳市人大常委会通过修订《深圳经济特区市容和环境卫生管理条例》，优化了摆卖、设摊经营管理方式，“摆地摊”不再被全面禁止。新规自2023年9月1日起实施。
摊贩凉廊

43°42′54.65″N 10°24′4.14″E﻿ / ﻿43.7151806°N 10.4011500°E﻿ / 43.7151806; 10.4011500
摊贩凉廊（Logge di Banchi）是意大利比萨的一个凉廊，位于市中心中桥的南侧，毗邻执政官宫。
它建于1603到1605年，方形平面，有十二根支柱。当时为羊毛和丝绸市场，其名称就是指市场摊位。今天有时仍用作各种市场。
1865年，比萨国家档案馆曾设于此。
小北商場

小北商場，為臺灣臺南市北區的攤販中心，昔日與東帝士百貨形成著名的「小北商圈」。又稱為小北觀光夜市、小北點心城、小北仔夜市。在地人習慣稱小北仔（Sió-pak-á）。
過去曾有很多攤販聚集在臺南的西門圓環（舊稱「小公園」）一帶。1962年，位在賊仔市（今永樂市場）的攤販遷移到赤崁樓邊營業，當時的赤崁樓週邊為防空空地，而攤販就在文昌閣下做生意，景觀雖特殊，但卻很不雅觀，乃與民政局所計劃，將攤販遷移至民族路兩旁營業，即「民族路夜市」。
1967年，西門圓環的攤販集中處遭拆除，有三十餘攤則遷到民族路繼續營業，民族路夜市的規模日益龐大。
1968年，市警二分局著手制訂了「民族路夜市管理計劃」，從此民族路夜市納入管理．而原先只在赤崁樓及石精臼一帶的民族路夜市，也向東延伸到公園路口；後來更由公園路口又延伸至中山路口，民族路夜市之名聲，遠播全台。
1982年，民族路夜市攤販與兩側商家的紛爭漸趨白熱化，除交通問題外，衛生問題更是一再被提出，至1983年7月底，最後蘇南成市府決定，自9月1日起民族路禁止設攤，自此，民族路夜市將成為歷史。當時市府要求攤商前往中國城、國花大樓，或者市府公有市場保安、友愛市場。然而中國城、國花大樓租個六坪攤位就要八十五萬，每個月還要交六千元管理費，並且八年後還要再交租金。市政府稱亦可到位於三、四樓的市府公有市場保安、友愛市場擺攤，也遭攤商質疑攤販設在三、四樓，晚上一、二樓黑漆漆，誰會發神經跑到三、四樓吃消夜，
民族路夜市攤商的不滿引起攤商於8月24日北上臺北中正紀念堂陳情，接到消息後臺南二分局長及副局長立刻北上稱有話回臺南講，絕對會有妥善安排。然而回臺南後，攤商卻遭蘇南成在協調會上教訓攤商北上是鬧事。直到在省議員蔡介雄自歐洲回臺後，趕到中興新村找省主席李登輝，要求延緩兩個月。唯仍遭市府向省府宣稱已經安排妥善，並在9月1日強制執法。1983年8月31日，民族路夜市在最後一天營業後，隔天即恢復一般道路，正式劃下句點。然而攤販問題仍未解決。
9月15日協調會中，蔡介雄提出利用小北路側的學校預定空地，獲得攤商代表及警察局長王琪琨同意，蘇南成看大家都同意也跟著贊成到預定地看看，並同意替大家爭取。唯一度仍發生市府藉故拖延到11月事情仍未進展、引起蔡介雄帶攤商到臺北李登輝住處報告，使李登輝拿起電話打給蘇南成說出「你說要解決到現在還不辦，省主席你來幹好了！以後有什麼事情你不要來找我」。才使小北路攤販中心興建，1984年3月攤商轉往小北夜市。此外在臺南中國城地下街、保安市場、友愛市場等場所亦有繼續營業。
1984年3月，在省議員蔡介雄的奔走下，民族路夜市的攤販在小北路（今西門路四段）的學校用地重新復業，名為「府城攤販臨時集中場」，後為「府城小北路攤販中心」，對外名稱「小北觀光夜市」，1986年東帝士百貨開幕，小北夜市步入黃金全盛期。
2001年，東帝士結束營業，小北觀光夜市的榮景不再。
2010年6月24日小北商場發生火警。上午9時45分許，消防局接獲民眾報指西門路四段小北攤商鐵皮屋有濃煙冒出，消防人車到場研判火勢已在屋內悶燒一段時間，火勢一直燒到下午才撲滅。
23°00′31″N 120°12′23″E﻿ / ﻿23.008589°N 120.206459°E﻿ / 23.008589; 120.206459
生活方式医学

生活方式医学（Lifestyle medicine）是医学中的分支，著重在預防醫學及自我照顧，主要在處理生活方式造成的疾病（英语：Lifestyle disease）以及可預防的死亡因子的預防、研究、教育及治療。可預防的死亡因子包括了營養不良、坐式生活型態、慢性壓力（英语：chronic stress），以及使用煙類、物質濫用或酒精不當使用等自我毁灭行为。生活方式医学的目的是透過生活方式醫學的六大支柱（營養、規律身體活動、充足睡眠、壓力管理、避免物質濫用以及正向社交連結）來改善個人健康以及福祉，並且預防心血管疾病、糖尿病、代謝症候群及肥胖等慢性病。若透過這六個領域來改善健康，生活方式医学可以避免80%的慢性病以及非傳播疾病（英语：Non-communicable disease）（NCD）。
生活方式医学著重在健康教育，激勵患者用以下的方式提升生活质量：改變個人習慣以及行為，食用較健康，較少]] 超加工食品]]的飲食模式（較健康的飲食模式像是地中海飲食及植物性飲食）。不好的生活方式像是不好的飲食習慣、不運動、抽煙、酗酒或酒精依賴、藥物成瘾或依賴，也包括心理相關的因素，例如慢性壓力，缺乏社交及社群的支持，這些容易造成慢性疾病。在臨床上，生活方式医学諮詢的阻力是醫生自覺準備不足，懷疑患者的接受程度。但長遠來看，鼓勵患者作對健康較有幫助的選擇，可以對疾病有較好的管理，減緩，甚至可以避免一些疾病的發生。
心理健康

心理健康（mental health），又稱精神健康、心理卫生等，是指心理幸福安宁的狀態，「一個情緒及行為調整都運作相當良好的人，當時的心理狀態」。若以正面心理学或是整全觀的觀點來看，心理健康也包括一個人有能力去享受生活，在生活的各樣活動及努力中取得平衡，以達到心理弹性。
根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的定義，心理健康包括「主觀的幸福感、感覺到個人的效能、自主性、和其他人的互動、可以實現個人在智能及情感上的潛力等。」。世界卫生组织進一步的指出個人的幸福包括實現其能力、可以克服平常生活中的壓力、富有成效的工作以及對群體的貢獻。文化差異、主觀評估及許多有關的專業理論都影響著「心理健康」的定義方式。另一個心理健康的定義，是由心理分析學家西格蒙德·弗洛伊德提出的：「有工作及愛的能力」。
體味

體味（英語：Body odor），即人體發出的氣味，令人不悅的體味有時會稱為體臭。
體味可能是流汗等分泌物產生的氣味，或是其他分泌物分解後產生的氣味。例如腋臭就是腋下部份的大汗腺分泌物分解後產生的異味，男性老人身上有時會有一種由2-壬烯醛造成的老人臭，但都可以依靠药物和健康生活方式抑制。
楊協成

楊協成（英語：Yeo Hiap Seng，品牌為YEO'S，SGX：Y03），是新加坡的上市飲品公司。楊協成集團於1900年由楊景連於中國福建漳州創立，最初主要制造酱油，后开始生产饮料，产品包括豆奶、菊花茶、果汁饮料、酱料等，是亞洲第一個製作紙包飲料的企業，並且在新加坡及馬來西亞股票上市。最大股東為黃廷方家族。
維他

維他（英語：Vita）是香港的飲料品牌，自1979年開始在香港推出檸檬茶後廣受歡迎，逐漸擴展至各式茶類、果汁類以及蒸餾水。維他現時由香港生產維他奶的上市公司維他奶國際管理，生產廠房遍及中國大陸、香港、澳洲和新加坡，目前行銷約全球40個國家及地區。
1976年時稱「香港荳品」的維他奶國際以「維他」作為品牌，推出一系列果汁飲品，其後又於1978年及1979年推出菊花茶及檸檬茶等飲品。
於1979年推出市場，是維他系列最廣為人知的飲品，並推出不同的包裝吸引顧客。
中国大陆版本的维他柠檬茶和香港产维他柠檬茶配料有所不同，口感也有所差异。另外，在中国大陆，维他柠檬茶也被恶搞为“爽过吸大麻”的“毒品”，进而爆红，而在2017年版的“维他柠檬茶”电视商业广告的口号已经改为“够真才出涩”。
於1978年推出市場，是香港首個包裝菊花茶飲品。
維他「菓然系」品牌系列飲品是加入水果製成的茶類飲品。強調產品內含果汁、維他命B、C、E，水溶性纖維，包裝設計色彩繽紛。
維他「茶字典」品牌系列茶類飲品全部均加入使口腔冰涼的元素。強調產品冰涼透心、茶味適中、「爽」，「茶字典」含意是優質茶類飲品。
維他「清心棧」品牌系列飲品均加入天然草本鮮果，有滋潤效果。
自1992年，維他集團提供一系列的瓶裝純蒸餾水及礦物質蒸餾水和水機予消費者及工商機構使用。
2014年2月，有顧客投訴維他檸檬茶飲品味道有别，維他奶回收市面上50萬包同類產品。
2014年7月25日，国家质检总局表示，香港维他奶生产的维他柠檬茶饮品因超范围使用抗氧化剂被退货，随后维他奶发表声明，表示该产品并非维他奶在内地公司进口。
2016年11月16日一名吳姓男子在港鐵牛頭角站附近的7-Eleven便利店購買兩包維他朱古力奶飲品返回公司飲用後體感不適，並且出現嘔吐等症狀。該吳姓男子在檢查飲品包裝後發現其紙包頂部、封口之下有小孔，隨以懷疑被人下藥為理由向警方報案。警方表示目前尚未出現其他類似案件，因此僅將其作為個案處理。初步懷疑凶徒模仿迷魂黨的手法向婦孺下手。具體的調查仍在進行中。
街頭美食鬥士 (第二季)

《街頭美食鬥士 (第二季)》（朝鮮語：스트리트 푸드 파이터 시즌 2，英語：Street Food Fighter 2）為韓國tvN綜藝節目，是一檔介紹世界各地的街頭街頭美食和文化的節目。節目主軸為記錄 白種元尋找藏在世界各地的街頭美食的過程與點滴。
以下紀錄《街頭美食鬥士 (第二季)》節目收視，收視最低的集數以藍色表示，收視最高的集數以紅色表示，而空格則表示該集的收視沒有相關數據。
街頭美食鬥士

《街頭美食鬥士》（朝鮮語：스트리트 푸드 파이터，英語：Street Food Fighter）為韓國tvN綜藝節目，由白種元主持，節目主軸為記錄 白鐘元尋找藏在世界各地的街頭美食的過程與點滴。
以下紀錄《街頭美食鬥士》節目收視，紅色表示為該季度最高收視率，藍色則表示為該季度最低收視率。
甘蔗汁

甘蔗汁，簡稱蔗汁，是以甘蔗壓榨成汁的飲料，方便不想咀嚼硬甘蔗者直接飲用，原汁原味，最能喝出甘甜滋味，且滋潤美容養顏。甘蔗汁在中國大陆各地路邊攤、臺灣中南部、香港果汁店或涼茶鋪都很常見，包括在新加坡、越南、印度、巴基斯坦等其他亞洲地區也是頗受歡迎的飲品。除了現榨甘蔗汁外，還有瓶裝甘蔗汁，可以貯存較長時間。
蔬果汁

蔬果汁，常簡稱果汁，是指從新鮮水果或蔬菜榨汁而成的一種飲料。各種不同水果的果汁含有不同的維生素等營養，而被視為是一種對健康有益的飲料，但其缺乏水果所有的纖維素和過高的糖分有時被視為其缺點。目前的果汁分为浓缩果汁、浓缩还原果汁和非浓缩还原果汁。其中浓缩还原果汁最为常见，浓缩果汁按照一定比例与水和其他配料勾兑而成，非浓缩还原果汁即鲜榨果汁，有着最高的品質，但保存较为不便，且价格普遍较为昂贵。
蔬果汁是由机械的挤榨或压榨出的新鲜水果或蔬菜制成的，无需使用高温或是溶解剂。例如，橙汁就是橙子树上的水果压榨（而非萃取）汁液。蔬果汁可以在家通过使用各种手动的或电动的榨汁机压榨新鲜水果与蔬菜制成。
许多商业果汁通常是过滤去掉了纤维与果肉，但是富含果肉的新鲜橙汁是流行饮料。蔬果汁也许是以浓缩的形式销售，有时是冷冻的，这需要饮者添加水使液体恢复到它“原来的状态”。但是，浓缩蔬果汁一般与它们新鲜压榨出来的果汁味道是明显不同的。
加工果汁的常见的保存方法包括：装罐保存，加热杀菌法，冷冻，脱水浓缩和喷雾干燥。
果汁通常能夠提供該水果擁有的營養成分。像是柳橙汁能夠提供豐富的維生素C、葉酸、鉀等有益人體的物質，而且也是很好的抗氧化劑來源之一，而且可以降低膽固醇。黑棗汁能夠促進消化，蔓越莓汁長期以來一直被認為有助於預防或治療膀胱感染，甚至它是目前已知能夠防止膀胱細菌感染的果汁。
許多果汁的含糖（果糖）量比有甜味的軟性飲料要高，例如葡萄汁的糖就比可口可樂多了50% 。不過軟性飲料飲用後會造成氧化应激，並且長期會有胰島素抵抗的情形，果汁卻不會出現類似的反應。相反的，果汁可以提高血清中的抗氧化能力，也可以抵消因為高脂肪及高糖而造成的氧化应激及發炎反應。
果汁整體的消費在歐洲、澳洲、紐西蘭和美國在最近幾年有所增加，可能是由於大眾對果汁當作一種營養的攝取來源而且能夠促進人體健康。事實上，若果汁攝入量足夠，確實能降低罹患癌症的風險，而且可能可以防止或延後阿茲海默症的發生。
但是果汁跟新鮮水果的相等營養價值有時也備受質疑，因為大部分的果汁因為製造過程的關係而缺少纖維素。而常用於果汁雞尾酒的高果糖糖漿會提升第二型糖尿病的罹患機率。在一些研究中飲用大量果汁也認為和體重增加有關，但也有其他研究不支持此論點在一個受控的臨床研究中，志願者固定的飲用葡萄汁十二週，沒有出現體重上昇的情形，但飲用軟性飲料則會有體重上昇。因此有研究支持適量飲用果汁可以對孩童及成人提供日常所需的水果、營養素及熱量的建議攝取量。
美國小兒科學會不建議給小於六個月的嬰兒飲用果汁。對於一到六歲的幼兒，每日果汁的攝取量需小於四至六盎司（約110至170克）。兒童飲用過量果汁可能會造成營養不良、腹瀉、放屁、腹痛、脹氣及蛀牙等問題。
大多数国家规定了对于“果汁”饮品的标准纯度。“果汁”这个名称通常是给百分之百纯水果汁的饮品使用的。
在美国，根据果汁与水果食品（英国）规定与2003年果汁与水果食品（美国）规定，只有在表述一个百分之百纯果汁产品时，此产品的水果或多种水果的名字后加“汁”字，才算合法的。但是，由于浓缩汁经复原后的果汁是可以被称为果汁的。水果食品-不同种类的水果蛋糕必须包含最低25%到50%之间的果汁。如果果汁或水果食品中含有浓缩成分，必须对其做出说明。在规章中并没有对“蔬果汁饮料”一词的规定，并且它可以用来描述任何饮料，包括只含有一点果汁的饮料。欧洲所有国家都用他们各自的语言做了类似的规定。
在美国，只有含百分百水果果汁的产品才可以被合法的称为果汁。与其他混合成分混合在一起的果汁，如高果糖玉米糖浆，被叫做混合果汁或是果汁饮料。根据食品与药品管理局（FDA）的规定，“水果饮品”一词在美国一般是可以被接受的，并且在国际贸易中是被稀释过的果汁，也就是表示这种饮料包含水果汁或水果泥，水，有些也许包含人工甜味剂。
特别是在新西兰与澳大利亚（还有其他的国家），果汁表示的是一种添加过甜味剂的水果汁，而水果饮品则表示的是纯的水果或蔬菜汁。
水果汁商标可能会误导人们，果汁公司有意的隐藏它真实的成分。商标上通常印有“无添加糖”，但是产品也许含有大量本身产生的糖分；然而，在许多国家，糖分的含量与其他碳水化合物是列在一起类在商标上的。 一些碳酸饮料，其中虽然含有水果汁，但是并没有表明（例如激浪（Mountain Dew）中就含有橙汁）。
人們饮用果汁是因为它有益于健康。例如，橙汁中含有丰富的维生素C，叶酸与钾, 是非常多抗氧化植物化学物质来源，以及对于改善患有高血胆固醇人群的血脂的变化是有重要意义的。李子汁有益于消化。越橘汁众所周知的能够预防甚至是治疗膀胱感染，现在已知越橘中有一种物质可以防止细菌附着到膀胱。
水果汁含有的糖分很丰富，但通常是不被人们所察觉的 —— 许多水果汁中所含的糖分势是比添加过甜味剂的汽水多；例如典型的葡萄汁中所含的糖就比可口可乐多出50%。 近些年来，在欧洲，澳大利亚，新西兰以及美国的水果汁饮用量已经有所增加，可能是因为大众果汁的认知，认为它是一种健康的天然的营养来源，还有就是大众对健康问题更感兴趣了。实际上，饮用果汁一直是与降低患多种癌症有关联的，可能会防止中风已经延缓老年性痴呆病的开始。
水果汁与新鲜水果对健康是有同样益处的观念已经被开始质疑了，这主要是因为果汁中缺少纤维，并且通常它已经被高度的加工过了。高果糖玉米糖浆是许多混合果汁中的原料，它会导致二型糖尿病的发病率上升。过多的饮用果汁也有可能会导致体重增加，但是饮用中等量的果汁可以帮助儿童以及成人达到日常的水果建议食用量，营养以及卡路里的建议摄入量。
與小吃店及咖啡店一樣，世界各地均有不同類型的提供果汁的小店。這些店舖可能會提供由新鮮水果榨取的汁液，混和了不同材料的果汁，或是水果沙冰等。不同類型的食物、水果等添加劑亦會加到果汁中以豐富口味。這些果汁店可能在商場內、地鐵站內或是街道上，不一而定。
匯源果汁

匯源果汁是总部位于中华人民共和国北京但在开曼群岛注册的果汁生产企业，創辦人為朱新禮。
匯源是中国大陸生产果汁的龍頭企业之一。该公司创办于1992年，时年40岁的朱新礼选择辞去体制内的工作，辞职下海，创立山东淄博汇源食品饮料有限公司。至2008年時，汇源已成為中國果汁營業額最大的公司。在上市之前，法國達能集團和美國私募股權投資公司華平投資為該公司的基石投資者。
2006年，上海市食品藥品監督管理局公告年度抽查結果，匯源果汁的部分產品出現微生物超標，重金屬殘留量過高問題
2007年2月23日，「中国汇源果汁集团有限公司」股票在香港联交所挂牌上市。
2008年9月，可口可樂公司全資子公司大西洋工業公司（英語：Atlantic Industries）提出以每股12.2港元，即總額179.2億港元收購匯源果汁，較當時股價4.14港元高超過2倍。當日收市價10.94港元，急升1.64倍，2009年3月18日，中國商務部以《反壟斷法》拒絕可口可樂收購建議，擔心可口可樂公司可能壟斷中國的碳酸軟飲料市場。这项竞购协议也在中国受到一些輿論的批评。社會有聲音认为不应该允许外国公司收购知名的民族品牌。假如可口可乐公司的收购成功，它将成为外国公司收购中国竞争对手的最大一笔交易。
2008年收購失敗後之後，匯源果汁的營收與淨利潤皆大幅下滑，股價也嚴重下跌開始了長達十年的衰退路線。分析認為當時可口可樂收購案提出的收购条件為精簡人事，朱新禮挥刀重组，砍掉了花了十六年建立的销售体系：员工人数从9722人一年内降4935人，销售人员则从3926人削减到1160人。但最後收購被政府否決後裁員和切斷眾多銷售管道的行為造成的內傷無法恢復，汇源的现金流迅速转负。
搶救數年後市場依然無法挽回在2011年宣布停止分红之后，市值最低跌到50亿港币，同時眾多手搖飲料杯文化興起和一些日韓品牌飲料進入便利商店通路，擠壓了包裝果汁市場以及傳統雜貨店銷售方式。之後朱新禮開始了數年的財務操作，以轉投資其他行業包含天地壹号合作案、收購三得利中國區分部、入股中石化零售公司等，但最後收效都不理想。自2011年至2016年，汇源业绩连年亏损。
2014年3月20日，匯源果汁宣布，將以1.18億元人民幣的代價收購三得利中國旗下三得利食品公司100%股權以及三得利貿易50%的股權。根據交易備忘錄，三得利同意將以與上述股權收購價值等值的金額認購部分匯源果汁日後新發行的股份，同時有權在雙方同意時將其認購的股份出售給匯源果汁的控股股東。
2014年3月21日，淡馬錫同意透過旗下Baytree認購公司總額1.5億美元（約11.64億港元）的可換股債券，並可按每股7.0 港元的初步換股價轉換為公司普通股。假設公司沒有發行任何新的普通股，可換股債券按初步換股價獲全數轉換後，淡馬錫將間接持有公司已發行股本的8.32% 。
从2018年9月12日至2019年1月23日，汇源集团已经被北京市顺义区人民法院、昌平区人民法院、深圳市中级人民法院等列为失信被执行人，逾10亿元股权及投资权益已被法院冻结，被执行案件共19起。
2019年4月26日，匯源果汁與天地壹號飲料股份有限公司及廣州和智投資管理有限公司簽訂合作框架協議成立合資公司，天地壹號等以現金方式向合資公司注資36億元人民幣，佔股60%，匯源果汁以資產出資方式出資24億人民幣，包括匯源果汁商標，佔股40%，合資公司成立後，將以30億人民幣向匯源集團受讓合資公司開展經營活動所需要的資產、股權和渠道，以拓展果汁市場。
2019年7月16日匯源果汁發佈通告宣佈與天地壹號的合作計畫終止。
2018年4月，汇源果汁违反香港交易所的上市规则，未签署任何协议也没有对外披露的情况下，汇源向非上市公司體系的公司北京汇源饮料集团贷款42.75亿元人民幣，导致股市停牌。
2019年11月，汇源的財務危機檯面化，已停牌近20个月的汇源果汁即將面臨股票下市。招商银行認為匯源母公司中国德源资本（香港）有限公司無法償付債務于是发起诉讼，2019年12月11日，德源资本被法院查封，41亿元人民币资产遭冻结。
2020年2月12日，汇源果汁发布公告称，作为汇源果汁创始人、最大股东的朱新礼与其女朱圣琴辞任汇源果汁董事会。
2021年1月14日，汇源被香港交易所宣告自2021年1月18日上午9时起，取消其上市地位。
West Virginia Healthy Lifestyles Act of 2005

The West Virginia Healthy Lifestyles Act of 2005 is a West Virginia state law enacted in 2005. Signed into law by Governor Joe Manchin III, the act's purpose was to address obesity in the state. The state legislature found in 2005 that "obesity is a problem of epidemic proportions" in West Virginia.
Introduced as House Bill 2816, the West Virginia Health Lifestyles Act consists of five school-based mandates which require health education assessments, fitness assessments, physical education, body mass index (BMI) assessments and the availability of healthy beverages in schools.
The law restricts elementary schools, middle schools, and junior high schools from selling soft drinks in areas accessible to students during the school day. High schools are allowed to sell soft drinks in vending machines during the school day only if they also offer healthy drink options as well and only if at least fifty percent of the drinks available are considered to be healthy. The law recognizes healthy drinks as water, low-fat milk, juices made one hundred percent from fruits and vegetables, and other juice drinks with a minimum of twenty percent real juice. This portion of the law states that, "Seventy-five percent of the profits from the sale of healthy beverages and soft drinks shall be allocated by a majority vote of the faculty senate of each school and twenty-five percent of the profits from the sale of healthy beverages and soft drinks shall be allocated to the purchase of necessary supplies by the principal of the school."
In addition to the school-based mandates, the act created the Office of Healthy Lifestyles within the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, a partnership to encourage healthy lifestyles by children and families in the state, and an interest bearing account known as the Healthy Lifestyles Fund.
The policy's school-based elements were implemented beginning in 2006. The state has received funding to evaluate the legislation and its impact from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, a national philanthropy organization dedicating to improving health care in the United States.
Carole Harris, professor of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry at the West Virginia University, conducted research that evaluated the West Virginia Healthy Lifestyles Act and the West Virginia Board of Education’s school nutrition standards. Dr. Harris noted that participation by students and schools in health education and fitness testing had improved, but approximately 40 percent of schools are unable to meet one or more of the five mandates in the act: "The combination of these policies for nutrition and physical activity make West Virginia one of the most progressive states in the country when it comes to addressing childhood obesity and related issues. But some schools continue to struggle to provide the mandated physical education because of inadequate staffing, facilities, or both."
Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports

The Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports (MCYS) was a ministry of the Government of Singapore tasked with building a "cohesive and resilient" society in Singapore.
On 1 November 2012, the MCYS was restructured and became the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF). Several portfolios such as Youth Development and Sports was shifted to a new Ministry, the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth (MCCY).
The MCYS pursues social engineering campaigns of varying effectiveness. However, it also tries to encourage widespread youth participation, constructive social activity such as sport and volunteerism. It also tries to encourage acceptance of individual differences among youth.
MCYS has produced various campaigns to address issues such as filial piety to parents and the falling birthrate. Its three-minute short film promoting filial piety, in using more subtle and indirect artistic techniques compared to previous decades' campaigns, found local critical success and won MediaCorp's Viewer's Choice gold award and caused the page "Filial Piety" to receive over 40,000 likes on Facebook.
The MCYS seeks to make Singaporeans "socially responsible individuals", create "inspired and committed Youth" and is a ministry explicitly devoted towards family values ("strong and stable families"). It also seeks to create a "caring and active community" and to promote healthy, sportful lifestyles. It wishes to promote integration of people with disabilities into wider society, and prevent "youths-at-risk" from falling into juvenile delinquency. It also tries to encourage seniors to practice "active aging".
The Ministry was previously led by the Minister for Community Development, Youth and Sports, who was appointed as part of the Cabinet of Singapore.
Carrot juice

Carrot juice is juice produced from carrots.
Carrot juice has a particularly high content of β-carotene, a source of vitamin A, but it is also high in B complex vitamins like folate, and many minerals including calcium, copper, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and iron. A pound (454 g) of carrots will yield about a cup of juice (about 236 ml), which is a low yield compared to fruits like apples and oranges. However, carrot pulp is very tough; the main difficulty in juicing carrots is in separating the pulp from the juice.
Like many products high in beta-carotene, it may cause temporary carotenoderma, a benign skin condition resulting in an orange-yellow hue to the skin. Drinking more than 3 cups (~720 mL) of carrot juice in a 24-hour period over a prolonged period of time may be enough to cause the condition.
Carrot juice has a uniquely sweet flavour of concentrated carrots. Unlike many juices, it is opaque. It is often consumed as a health drink. Carrots have been made into soups and juices for hundreds of years. In America carrot juice was one of the first colorants used to make cheese a darker color.
100 g of canned carrot juice contains the following nutritional information according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA):
Lin

Linul (Tinca tinca), este o specie de pește de apă dulce din familia Cyprinidae care trăiește de obicei pe fundul apelor cu un curs domol. El poate fi întâlnit în toată Europa și, pe alocuri, în Asia si America de Nord.
Culoarea linului sălbatic este verde-măslinie cu regiunea abdominală galben-verzuie; în crescătorii linul poate avea o variantă roșie-aurie, acesta fiind crescut ca pește ornamental. Poate fi recunoscut după corpul îndesat, foarte lat în regiunea cozii și după solzii mărunți care îi acoperă corpul în întregime. Corpul lui este protejat și de un strat gros de mucus cu un rol antimicrobian și antimicotic. Are o gură mică cu buze groase prevăzută cu două mustăți scurte. Lungimea medie este de 25–40 cm și greutate medie de 0,5–1 kg dar uneori poate atinge 60–70 cm și 5-7 kg.
Linul atinge maturitatea sexuală în al doilea sau al treilea an de viață. Perioada de reproducție a linului este destul de lungă și are loc între lunile mai și august când temperatura apei este de minimum 18 °C. Icrele aderă de plantele acvatice iar perioada de incubație este scurtă, de 3-4 zile la 20 °C. În anul 2007 a fost ales de IUCN „pește al anului”.
Linul este un pește mai apreciat decât crapul pentru gustul cărnii. Varianta aurie este crescută ca pește ornamental în bazinele și bălțile din parcuri. Lungimea minimă admisă la pescuit este de 18 cm.
Zhu Lin

Zhu Lin (n. 28 ianuarie 1994, Wuxi, Republica Populară Chineză) este o jucătoare chineză de tenis. La 18 septembrie 2023, Zhu a atins cel mai bun clasament de simplu din carieră, locul 31 mondial, în timp ce în octombrie 2023, a atins cel mai bun clasament WTA de dublu, locul 80 mondial. Ea a câștigat Jiangxi Open 2019 la dublu. A câștigat un titlu de simplu și un titlu de dublu la turneele WTA 125, precum și 15 titluri de simplu și șase titluri de dublu pe Circuitul ITF.
Jucând pentru echipa Chinei de Billie Jean King Cup, Zhu are un record de victorii-înfrângeri de 7–4.
Material rulant al Societății Feroviare de Turism

Societatea Feroviară de Turism „S.F.T. – C.F.R. SA” se ocupă cu organizarea de trasee folosind trenuri de epocă. Societatea are 6 trenuri cu ecartament normal și două trenuri de linie îngustă pe ecartament de 760 mm. În patrimoniul societății există 7 locomotive cu abur:
Lin Carter

Linwood Vrooman Carter (n. 9 iunie 1930, Saint Petersburg, Florida, SUA – d. 7 februarie 1988, Montclair, New Jersey, SUA) a fost un scriitor american de literatură fantastică și științifico-fantastică. A publicat de obicei sub numele Lin Carter, dar a folosit și pseudonime ca H. P. Lowcraft (o parodie a numelui H. P. Lovecraft) și Grail Undwin. În anii 1970, a fost redactor al seriei Ballantine Adult Fantasy.
"Ballantine Adult Fantasy" a fost fondată în aprilie 1969, pe coperta The Mezentian Gate de E. R. Eddison.
One World Trade Center

One World Trade Center (de asemenea, 1 World Trade Center, One WTC sau 1 WTC) este un complex de clădiri din Manhattan, New York, ridicat în memoria fostului complex de clădiri World Trade Center, distrus în atentatele teroriste din 2001. Complexul are un număr de șapte clădiri, fiecare purtând numele fostelor clădiri WTC. Cea mai înaltă clădire este One World Trade Center, Freedom Tower sau One World Observatory și are o înălțime de 541,3 m. În locul celor două turnuri gemene World Trade Center (WTC) astăzi există un monument conceput în memoria victimelor care au murit pe 11 septembrie 2001 în urma atacurilor teroriste.
Design-ul inovator al turnului conceput de către arhitectul David Childs a fost ales special pentru a putea rezista eventualelor atacuri, fiind aproape indestructibil. Forma ascuțită a acestuia simbolizează renașterea poporului american după 11 septembrie. One World Trade Center este cea mai înaltă clădire din zona Lower Manhattan.
Paznicul de la Chailly (pictură de Nicolae Grigorescu)

Paznicul de la Chailly este o pictură realizată de pictorul român Nicolae Grigorescu în anul 1867. Lucrarea aparține Muzeului Național de Artă al României, nu a fost datată de către artist, dar a fost semnată în partea stânga jos a ei. Acest tablou a figurat la Expoziția Universală de la Paris din 1867 sub titlul Chasseur dans les bois . Există două picturi de acest fel, unul dintre ele este expus astăzi la Muzeul Zambaccian.
Acest tablou a figurat la Expoziția Universală de la Paris din 1867 sub titlul Chasseur dans les bois. Prezent la expoziția Societății Amicilor Bellelor Arte din 1873, tabloul a fost cumpărat de Stat și a intrat în Pinacotecă sub titlul de La Chailly. Paznicul este reprezentat sub trăsăturile unui bărbat în vârstă, cu favoriți, caschetă de vânătoare, îmbrăcat cu o bluză de mătase și încins cu diagonală. Expresia denotă preocupările de pătrundere fizionomică ale pictorului. Există astăzi două picturi de acest fel, unul la Muzeul Național de Artă al României și altul în colecția lui Krikor Zambaccian de la Muzeul Zambbacian din București, muzeul ce face parte integrantă din primul. La cel de al doilea, pe verso există o însemnare (autentificare), „Pădurarul” pictură în ulei pe pânză autentică de N.Grigorescu / J.Al.Steriadi/ 26 II (1)945.
Paznicul de la Chailly are toate calitățile pe care le oferă Autoportretul făcut în anul 1868. În plus de toate acestea, portretul pare că a fost făcut ca pentru trecerea unui examen pe care artistul și l-a autoimpus, totul pentru a putea vedea până unde poate ajunge. Modelul este foarte serios și totul în această imagine este construit și executat admirabil, așa cum numai Grigorescu putea în acele vremuri. Fiecare element al compoziției: mâinile, fața sau costumul au devenit părți ale unei atitudini de bravură. Portretul lui Năsturel Herescu a fost pictat câțiva ani mai târziu și cu toate că este mai măreț și mai impunător, el este mai prejos ca execuție.
La Muzeul Național de Artă al României mai există un tablou în care a fost folosit același model. Acesta nu mai este un portret, modelul nu mai pozează, ci apare în mod natural, cu infirmitățile vârstei înaintate. Se poate vedea oboseala unei vieți care se apropie de final. Cutele adânci care rețin umbrele dure ale feței, spatele adus, cu pielea zbârcită și ofilită a unui om bătrân, precum și mâinile care se odihnesc pe genunchi, au fost remarcabil realizate.
Paznicul de la Chailly a figurat ca exponat la Expoziția Societății Amicilor Belelor-Arte din România din anul 1873.
Dangerously in Love

Dangerously In Love este albumul de debut solo al cântăreței Beyoncé lansat pe 20 iunie 2003. De pe album fac parte Crazy in Love și Baby Boy care au ajuns pe locul 1 în US Billboard 100, dar și piesele de top 5: Naughty Girl și Me, Myself and I. Albumul s-a vândut în peste 8 milioane de exemplare la nivel mondial.
Irish linen

Irish linen (Irish: Línéadach Éireannach) is the name given to linen produced in Ireland (including both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland). Linen is cloth woven from, or yarn spun from, flax fibre, which was grown in Ireland for many years before advanced agricultural methods and more suitable climate led to the concentration of quality flax cultivation in northern Europe.
Most of the world crop of quality flax is now grown in northern France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Since about the 1950s to 1960s, the flax fibre for Irish linen yarn has been imported almost exclusively from France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. It is bought by spinners who produce yarn, which is then sold to weavers (or knitters) who produce fabric. Irish linen spinning has now virtually ceased, yarns being imported from places such as the eastern part of the European Union and China.
Weaving today consists mainly of plain linens for niche, top-of-the-range, apparel uses. Linen damask weaving in Ireland has less capacity, and it is confined at very much the top end of the market for luxury end-uses. Companies who continue to weave in Ireland, including Thomas Ferguson & Co Ltd, tend to concentrate on the quality end of the market, and Jacquard weaving is moving towards the weaving of special and custom damask pieces, made to the customer's specific requirements. Fabric woven outside of Ireland and then brought to Ireland to be bleached or dyed and finished cannot carry the Irish Linen Guild logo, which is the Guild trademark, and signifies the genuine Irish Linen brand.
The Irish Linen Guild has defined Irish linen as yarn which is spun in Ireland from 100% flax fibres. It is not required that every stage from the growing of the flax to the weaving must take place in Ireland. To be Irish linen fabric, the yarns do not necessarily have to come from an Irish spinner; to be Irish linen (yarn), the flax fibre does not have to be grown in Ireland. However, the skills, craftsmanship, and technology that go into spinning the yarn must be Irish – as is the case with Irish linen fabric, where the design and weaving skills must be Irish. Finished garments or household textile items can be labelled Irish linen, although they may have been made up in another country. Irish linen does not refer to the making-up process (such as cutting and sewing).
Siret (river)

The Siret or Sireth (Ukrainian: Сірет or Серет, Romanian: Siret pronounced [siˈret], Hungarian: Szeret, Russian: Сирет) is a river that rises from the Carpathians in the Northern Bukovina region of Ukraine, and flows southward into Romania before it joins the Danube. It is 647 km (402 mi) long, of which a 559 km (347 mi) section is in Romania, and its basin area is 44,811 km (17,302 sq mi), of which 42,890 km (16,560 sq mi) in Romania. Its average discharge is 250 m/s (8,800 cu ft/s). In ancient times, it was named Hierasus (Ancient Greek Ιερασός).
The following towns and villages are situated along the river Siret, from source to mouth: Berehomet, Storozhynets, Siret, Grămești, Zvoriștea, Liteni, Dolhasca, Pașcani, Stolniceni-Prăjescu, Roman, Bacău, Adjud, Mărășești, and Galați.
The following rivers are tributaries to the river Siret (from source to mouth):
Left: Bahna (Mihăileni), Molnița, Bahna (Lozna), Gârla Sirețel, Gârla Huțanilor, Vorona, Pleșul, Turbata, Pietrosul, Sirețel, Stolniceni, Hărmănești, Pârâul Țigăncilor, Mihăili, Boca, Albuia, Rediu, Vulpășești, Pârâul Pietros, Țiganca, Icușești, Glodeni, Râpaș, Moara, Bogdănești, Valea Morii, Ulm, Racova, Tamași, Răcătău, Soci, Fulgeriș, Rogoza, Polocin, Lupa, Bârlad, Călmățui, Geru, Bârlădel, Rusca, Mălina and Cătușa.
Right: Malyi Seret, Găvan, Negostina, Pârâul Mare, Verehia, Baranca, Leahu, Stâncuța, Hănțești, Grigorești, Sălăgeni, Suceava, Șomuzul Mic, Șomuzul Mare, Pârâul lui Pulpa, Trestioara, Conțeasca, Ruja, Sodomeni, Valea Părului, Podul Turcului (Draga), Moldova, Valea Neagră, Turbata, Precista, Bistrița, Bahna, Valea Mare, Cleja (or Tocila), Răcăciuni, Drăgușeni, Scurta, Bolohan, Fântânele, Conțești, Trotuș, Valea Boului, Carecna, Câmpul, Zăbrăuț, Șușița, Gârla Morilor, Putna Seacă, Putna, Leica, Râmnicul Sărat and Buzău.
During July 2010, Gheorghe Flutur, president of Suceava County, told the Mediafax news agency his region was one of the worst hit in the country on the morning of the 29th, as he coordinated local flood relief work in his stricken county. Later that day, the Siret river threatened to break through the dykes protecting the town of Șendreni, as locals and emergency services reinforced the dykes with truckloads of sandbags to prevent the river breaking out and flooding the town.
Putna (Siret)

The Putna is a right tributary of the river Siret in Vrancea County in Romania, in the historical region of Moldavia. It discharges into the Siret in Călienii Noi, near Vulturu.
The Putna's basin has a total surface of 2,480 km (960 sq mi); 31% of this surface is located in the mountain area, draining the eastern flank of the Vrancea Mountains.
The total length of the Putna from its source to its confluence with the Siret is 153 km (95 mi).
The following rivers are tributaries to the river Putna (from source to mouth):
The following towns and villages are situated along the river Putna, from source to mouth: Greșu, Lepșa, Tulnici, Negrilești, Bârsești, Valea Sării, Vidra, Garoafa, Vânători.
Kira (Bhutan)

The kira (Dzongkha: དཀྱི་ར་, དཀྱིས་རས་, romanized: dkyi-ra, dkyis-ras) is the national dress for women in Bhutan. It is an ankle-length dress consisting of a rectangular piece of woven fabric. It is wrapped and folded around the body and is pinned at both shoulders, usually with silver brooches (named koma), and bound at the waist with a long belt. The kira is usually worn with a wonju (long-sleeved blouse) inside and a short jacket or toego (Dzongkha: སྟོད་གོ་, romanized: stod-go) outside.
A rachu (narrow embroidered cloth draped over the left shoulder) is worn over the traditional dress kira.
Flahavan's

Flahavan's is an Irish milling company which has been run by the Flahavan family since about 1785 located in the village of Kilmacthomas. The current chairman is John Flahavan.
The original mill was a watermill driven by the River Mahon in Kilmacthomas, County Waterford.
The Flahavan's factory now produces other items alongside its traditional porridge oats including oats-based breakfast cereals, rolled oats, cereals, muesli, flour, snack products, and baked oat products such as flapjacks and biscuits.
Flahavan's turnover reached €29.3m in 2022, up from €27.7m in the prior year.
Steel-cut oats

Steel-cut oats (US), also called pinhead oats, coarse oatmeal (UK), or Irish oatmeal, are groats (the inner kernel with the inedible hull removed) of whole oats which have been chopped into two or three pinhead-sized pieces (hence the names; "steel-cut" comes from the steel blades). The pieces can then be sold, or processed further to make rolled oat flakes, of smaller size than flakes of whole groats. Steel-cutting produces oatmeal with a chewier and coarser texture than other processes.
Steel-cut oats, and other types, are traditionally used to make porridge. They take longer to cook than instant, ground, or rolled oats, typically 15–30 minutes for porridge (or about half this time if pre-soaked). Steel-cut oats are described as being nuttier and chewier than other types of oats. They can be used to make oatcakes, blended uncooked in smoothies and for other culinary purposes.
Groat (grain)

Groats (or in some cases, "berries") are the hulled kernels of various cereal grains, such as oats, wheat, rye, and barley. Groats are whole grains that include the cereal germ and fiber-rich bran portion of the grain, as well as the endosperm (which is the usual product of milling).
Groats can also be produced from pseudocereal seeds such as buckwheat.
Groats are nutritious but can be difficult to chew, so they are often soaked before cooking. Groats are used as the main ingredient in soup, porridge, bread, and vegetable-based milk.
Groats of many cereals are the basis of kasha, a porridge-like staple meal of Eastern Europe and Eurasia. In North America, kasha or kashi usually refers to roasted buckwheat groats in particular.
In North India, cut or coarsely ground wheat groats are known as dalia, and are commonly prepared with milk into a sweet porridge or with vegetables and spices into salty preparations.
In Yemen, boiled groats are eaten as a hot breakfast cereal, known as harish, and topped with clarified butter (samneh), or with honey. In Palestine and Syria, the same dish is known locally as ğarīš (Arabic: جَرِيش), which may also refer to the farinaceous dish of semolina.
Parboiled and cut durum wheat groats, known as bulgur, are an essential ingredient of many Middle Eastern dishes such as mansaf and tabbouleh.
Groats are also used in some sausages, such as black puddings. A traditional dish from the Black Country in England is called groaty pudding (not to be confused with groats pudding). Groaty pudding is made from soaked groats, leeks, onions, beef, and beef stock, baked for up to 16 hours. It is a traditional meal on Guy Fawkes Night.
Sliced oat groats are known as steel-cut oats, pinhead oats, coarse or Irish oatmeal.
Coarse barley flour is made by milling barley groats.
The grain is cleaned, sorted by the type of grain, its size and then peeled (if necessary) before being hulled. Additionally, the grains can be sliced on a "groat cutter", which can be adjusted to cut fine, medium, or coarse groats. Regardless, thereafter, the groats are freed from any adhering parts of the shell by a brushing machine. In the case of cut groats, their fragments are sorted according to size by sieving.
Saxa (food product)

Saxa is a brand of herbs, spices, salt and pepper in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Australia that was introduced in 1907. Formerly a brand of Rank Hovis McDougall it became property of Premier Foods in 2007. As a result of the change, production of Saxa salt was moved from Middlewich in Cheshire, a traditional centre of the British salt industry, to factories at Worksop and Ashford, Kent.
Saxa has been described by The Independent as one of "Britain's best-known food brands." and in the Journal of Consumer Marketing, Mats Urde lists it alongside Bisto and Hovis.
In Australia, Saxa brand is owned by Kraft Heinz which acquired most of Cerebos Pacific assets in 2018.
Aaron Flahavan

Aaron Adam Flahavan (15 December 1975 – 5 August 2001) was an English football goalkeeper who played for Portsmouth.
Flahavan played for the Southampton youth team, before turning professional with Portsmouth at age 18 in 1994. He had to wait until 1996 before making his first-team debut as he was understudy to long-serving Alan Knight. Towards the end of the 1990s, Flahavan gradually began receiving increased playing time, and became the team's first-choice goalkeeper by the time Knight retired in 2000. Overall, he played 105 first-team matches for Portsmouth, 93 of them in Division One, and was part of the team which reached the quarter-finals of the FA Cup in the 1996-97 season and just missed out on the Division One playoffs.
Flahavan twice had blackouts during matches; the first was attributed to a virus, and the second to a drop in his blood pressure.
Flahavan's younger brother, Darryl, also played as a goalkeeper, and had a spell at Aaron's former club Portsmouth between 2010 and 2011. Darryl has a son named Aaron in memory of his brother, who is also a goalkeeper, playing for Solihull Moors F.C.
Flahavan died in a car accident near Bournemouth in August 2001. An inquest heard that Flahavan died as a result of a fractured skull, and his blood alcohol level was nearly three times over the legal limit when he lost control of his BMW sports car.
Following his death, Portsmouth and Southampton retired his number 1 jersey for the 2001–02 season as a mark of respect.
Ampek Angkek, Agam

Ampek Angkek (ditulih juo IV Angkek) adolah suatu kecamatan di Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat.
Kecamatan Ampek Angkek kini ko tadiri dari 7 nagari, iyolah Ampang Gadang, Balai Gurah, Batu Taba, Biaro Gadang, Lambah, Panampuang, jo Pasia.
Sabalun nagari-nagari dipacah-pacah, maso daulunyo Ampek Angkek adolah satu kasatuan masyarakaik nan tadiri dari ampek nagari. Nagari-nagari tu adolah Biaro, Balai Gurah, Lambah, jo Panampuang. Ampek Angkek marupoan daerah nan laweh juo di Agam Tuo, dan mungkin juo marupoan pusek Agam Tuo karano gala Datuak Rajo Agam ado tadapek di Lambah.
Bateh nagari-nagari nan kini ko indak lah samo jo nagari-nagari nan usali. Dalam pakambangannyo Balai Gurah Gadang tu pacah manjadi nagari-nagari. Pado mulonyo, Balai Gurah bapacah di Timur jo Ampang Gadang, sarato di Barat jo Batu Taba. Sudah tu Nagari Ampang Gadang bapacah pulo jo Pasia nan manjadi nagari sandiri.
Banuhampu, Agam

Banuhampu adolah suatu kecamatan di Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat.
Kecamatan Banuhampu tadiri dari 7 nagari, iyolah Cingkariang, Kubang Putiah, Ladang Laweh, Padang Lua, Pakan Sinayan, Sungai Tanang, jo Taluak Ampek Suku.
Pachir Aw Agam District

Pachir Aw Agam (Pashto: پچير او اګام ولسوالۍ, Persian: ولسوالی پچیر و اگام), or Pachir Wa Agam, is a district in the southeast of Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan, bordering Pakistan. Its population, which is 100% Pashtun, was estimated at 39,280 in 2002, of whom 15,700 were children under 12. The district is within the heartland of the Khogyani tribe of Pashtuns. The district centre is the village of Pachir Aw Agam.
The district has faced heavy conflict for at least a quarter of a century. It was a stronghold of the Mujahadeen during the Soviet war and was heavily bombed during the 2001 United States–led war. The cave complex of Tora Bora, one of the most important strongholds of Al-Qaeda and the Taliban, is in Pachir Aw Agam district. As result, the district was the site of a United States–led operation in 2001 to clear Tora Bora of insurgents, and an attempt of ISIL-K to capture both the cave complex as well as its surroundings in 2017.
The Pachir Aw Agam District consists of two parts first Upper Pachir and second lower Pachir.
34°5′16″N 70°16′50″E﻿ / ﻿34.08778°N 70.28056°E﻿ / 34.08778; 70.28056
Agam Darshi

Agamdeep Darshi (born December 23, 1987) is a British-Canadian actress.
Darshi was born in the city of Birmingham in England, the United Kingdom; to Sikh parents of Indian Punjabi descent. At a very young age she and her family has emigrated to Canada, where she grew up mainly in Montreal, in Ottawa, and in Vancouver. At the age of 14 she left home and relocated to Calgary, Alberta; which assisted her with the initial steps to pursue a career of acting. Darshi studied theatre and fine arts at the University of Calgary, and earned a degree in photography.
Darshi has made appearances in over twenty-five television productions along with appearing in over a dozen films. She is best known for her roles in Tru Calling, Dead Zone, The L-Word, and as Laura in the horror film Final Destination 3. She appeared in a recurring role on the Canadian teen-drama television series renegadepress.com. From 2009 to 2011, Darshi appeared in the television series Sanctuary. She was part of the main cast in seasons two and three and had a recurring role in season four.
At the 2013 Leo Awards, she won Best Supporting Performance by a Female in a Motion Picture for her role in the feature Crimes of Mike Recket. Along with fellow South Asian actress Patricia Isaac, she co-founded the Vancouver International South Asian Film Festival (VISAFF). She has also appeared as Ruby Shivani in season 2 of TV serial You Me Her.
In January 2021, she began principal photography on her directorial debut film, titled Donkeyhead, in Regina, Saskatchewan. The film, in which Darshi also played the lead character, premiered at the 2021 Mosaic International South Asian Film Festival.
Darshi is also a producer, director, writer, screenwriter, playwright, artist, and graphic designer.
She is married to Canadian actor Juan Riedinger; and they have twin sons. Agam lives in Los Angeles.
Planetario de La Habana

El Planetario de La Habana es un centro científico y cultural que en un inicio fue propuesto para alternar el planetario del Museo del Aire de La Habana, el cual se encuentra emplazado en La Habana Vieja. En su construcción participaron varias instituciones, entre ellas la Oficina del Historiador de La Habana y el gobierno japonés.
El Planetario de La Habana abarca varios pisos, desde una zona interactiva hasta un observatorio astronómico. Se hizo una reconstrucción del Sistema Solar con planetas a escala y sus movimientos.
Desde diciembre de 2019, además cuenta con un makespace creado mediante un proyecto de cooperación al desarrollado por la Oficina del Historiador de la Ciudad de La Habana, Fundación Ciudadanía y el FabLab Xtrene Almendralejo, gracias al apoyo de los fondos de la Agencia Extremeña de Cooperación y Desarrollo (AEXCID). Este makespace cuenta con impresoras 3D, un plotter de vinilo, una cortadora láser y kits de electrónica y robótica de Arduino entre otros elementos, que permitirán a la infancia y juventud de La Habana, disponer de un centro de referencia en el que aprender y desarrollar mediante la filosofía Maker.
La construcción comenzó en 2008 y su obra civil fue finalizada el 22 de diciembre de 2009, para conmemorar el 80 aniversario de las relaciones diplomáticas Cuba-Japón. En su construcción colaboraron especialistas japoneses, españoles, canadienses y chinos. Fue necesaria la reconstrucción casi total del edificio, exceptuando su fachada, la que no podía ser tocada debido a que está emplazado en plena Plaza Vieja del casco histórico de La Habana, cuyo panorama arquitectónico no puede ser alterado bruscamente debido a restricciones gubernamentales.
Este se realizó sobre el inmueble que albergó al cine Habana a principios del siglo XX.
Planetario de la Universidad de Costa Rica

El Planetario de la Universidad de Costa Rica se encuentra ubicado en la Ciudad de la Investigación, aproximadamente a 200 metros hacia el este de la Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, sede central de la Universidad de Costa Rica, en San Pedro de Montes de Oca.
En 2002 se concretó una donación por parte del gobierno de Japón a la Universidad de Costa Rica, de un equipo completo para un planetario, cuyo edificio sería costeado por la UCR.
Las obras de construcción iniciaron en el año 2004 y terminaron en el 2005, siendo inaugurado el 8 de julio de ese año. Desde entonces, es sede habitual de eventos astronómicos y regularmente se imparten cursos relacionados con la materia, a cargo de expertos del Planetario.
Su funcionamiento fue posible gracias a una donación de 50 millones de yenes (alrededor de $500 mil) por parte del gobierno japonés, mientras que la UCR invirtió unos ¢200 millones en este proyecto, desarrollado por la Oficina Ejecutora del Plan de Inversiones (OEPI).
El planetario fue edificado en una pequeña loma natural y ocupa un área total de unos 500 metros cuadrados. Consiste de una estructura en forma de domo semiesférico, con una sala cilíndrica dotada de 40 butacas con capacidad de girar hasta 45 grados para el estudio de las imágenes, rodeada por 146 metros cuadrados de corredores donde se realizarán exposiciones temporales. Complementan el edificio un módulo de servicios, uno administrativo y un vestíbulo.
Toda esta estructura de paneles de vidrio de cinco metros de altura está ubicada en una loma al extremo oeste de la Ciudad de la Investigación, entre la nueva Facultad de Ingeniería y el Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas (CIGEFI), y está cubierta por un enorme domo, sustentado en seis cerchas americanas curvas de acero, ancladas al suelo con profundas bases de concreto.
El proyecto educativo se denomina Planetario Ciudad de San José de la Universidad de Costa Rica, un centro de aprendizaje sobre astronomía, astrofísica y ciencias del espacio.
Esta institución imparte varios cursos referentes a la astronomía en diferentes horarios. Además de organizar, en conjunto con la Asociación Costarricense de Astronomía, la actividad “Telescopios en el Planetario”.
Leonardo Moledo

Pablo Leonardo Moledo (Buenos Aires, 20 de febrero de 1947- 9 de agosto de 2014) fue un escritor, matemático y periodista científico argentino. Fue profesor universitario; autor de libros de difusión científica y director del Planetario Galileo Galilei.
Después de estudiar en el Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires se recibió de licenciado en Ciencias Matemáticas en la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Siguió la carrera científica trabajando para el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Al mismo tiempo cursó Historia en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras (UBA).
Ha desarrollado una exitosa carrera en el periodismo científico y la divulgación. Fue profesor titular de Periodismo Científico en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la UBA y también profesor de Problemática de la Ciencia y Periodismo Científico en la Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos.
Su tarea como divulgador científico se completa con notas, columnas y reportajes en varios periódicos. En Página/12, fue director del suplemento de ciencias Futuro, y autor de decenas de contratapas en las que desplegó su original concepción de la comunicación de las ideas científicas.​​ Realizó programas en las radios Municipal y Rivadavia, ambas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Fue guionista del ciclo televisivo Ciencia y Conciencia que se emitió por Canal 13 en 1989.
Inspiró y condujo del ciclo "Universo Científico" producido por el Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Provincia de Córdoba y la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; se emitió por el Canal 10 de los Servicios de Radio y Televisión de esa Universidad.
En 1994 recibió el diploma al mérito de la Fundación Konex como Mejor figura en la ciencia ficción. En 1997 recibió otro premio Konex, el Diploma al mérito como Mejor Figura de la Última Década en la categoría "Comunicación - Periodismo Argentino".
De 2000 a 2007 fue el Director del Planetario Galileo Galilei de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, además de Profesor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, de la Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos y de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba.​
A un año de su fallecimiento el Planetario Galileo Galilei le rindió homenaje.​ Su familia donó al Planetario su biblioteca personal para que sea abierta al público.
En el campo de la creación literaria se ha destacado como autor de: