Timeline of motor vehicle brands

This is a chronological index for the start year for motor vehicle brands (up to 1969). For manufacturers that went on to produce many models, it represents the start date of the whole brand; for the others, it usually represents the date of appearance of the main (perhaps only) model that was produced.
This also gives an idea of what motor vehicles were appearing on the streets in each country around each date (allowing, too, for imports from other countries). Moreover, by showing which models were contemporary, it gives a first indication of how individual designers were being influenced by each other, and a flavor of the entrepreneurial spirit and dynamics of the pioneering days of motor vehicle manufacture.
Within each year, and country of origin, the lists are structured according to the type of vehicle first introduced. These include the following types: steam, electric, hybrid electric, internal-combustion, touring car, roadster, tonneau, phaeton, cyclecar, light car, voiturette, runabout, high wheeler, buggy, tricar, motor quadricycle, motor tricycle, motorcycle, coach, bus, fire-engine, truck, tractor, racing car, avant-train.
Russia. Motorcycle: Alexander Leutner & Co.
Thomas Rickett's steam-powered car was particularly notable in the history of motor vehicle production inasmuch as several examples were made, and it was also advertised.
UK. Steam: Rickett
US. Steam: Ware Steam Wagon
The Bollée family played a significant part in the history of motor vehicle manufacture; the father with his steam car, and one of his sons, in 1895, with an internal-combustion engine design.
France. Steam bus: Amédée Bollée
France. Steam: De Dion-Bouton (later internal-combustion, with a patent in 1889)
France. Internal-combustion: Delamare-Deboutteville
Karl Benz's vehicle was the first true automobile, entirely designed as such, rather than simply being a motorized stage coach or horse carriage. This is why he was granted his patent, and is regarded as its inventor. His wife and sons became the first true motorists, in 1889, when they took the car out for the specific task of paying a family visit.
Germany. Internal-combustion: Benz
UK. Internal-combustion: Butler
US. Electric: Armstrong Electric
UK. Motorcycle: New Imperial
The first Daimler car was a converted carriage, but with innovations that are still adopted today (cushioned engine mountings, fan cooling, finned-radiator water cooling).
France. Steam: Peugeot (later internal-combustion, and the first to be entered in an organised race, albeit for bicycles, Paris–Brest–Paris)
Germany. Internal-combustion: Daimler (DMG)
UK. Internal-combustion: Santler
US. Internal-combustion rotary engine: Adams-Farwell
Panhard and Levassor's design of a front-mounted engine established the layout of the majority of cars since then.
France. Internal-combustion: Panhard-Levassor
US. Steam: Black; steam tractor: Avery; internal-combustion: Buckeye gasoline buggy
France. Electric (and later internal-combustion): Jeantaud
UK. Steam: Straker-Squire (also known as Brazil Straker)
US. Internal-combustion: Elmore, Duryea
France. Internal-combustion: Audibert & Lavirotte, Berliet, Delahaye
UK. Electric: Garrard & Blumfield
US. Electric: Electrobat
France. Internal-combustion: Léon Bollée, Corre, Rochet-Schneider
UK. Internal-combustion: Knight, Lanchester
Austria-Hungary. Internal-combustion: Laurin & Klement (later Škoda)
US. Electric: Morris & Salom
US. Internal-combustion: De La Vergne
In the UK, the Locomotives on Highways Act 1896 replaced the hugely restrictive Locomotive Acts of 1861, 1865 and 1878 (the so-called Red Flag acts) thereby finally freeing up the automotive industry in the UK (and, incidentally, was also the origin of the celebrations of the first London to Brighton Veteran Car Run). Knight had been convicted under the old act, the previous year, for not having a man precede his vehicle with a red flag, and Walter Arnold was the first person to be convicted, in January 1896, for exceeding the speed limit. Meanwhile, Serpollet was issued with what was effectively the first driving licence.
France. Steam: Gardner-Serpollet; internal-combustion: Clément-Gladiator, Dalifol, Darracq, Lorraine-Dietrich, Triouleyre; voiturette: Dalifol & Thomas, Goujon, Léon Bollée; motorcycle: Clément and Gladiator
Italy. Internal-combustion: Enrico Bernardi
Russia. Internal-combustion: Yakovlev-Frese
UK. Steam: Leyland; internal-combustion: Anglo-French, Arnold, Arrol-Johnston, Atkinson and Philipson; motorcycle: Excelsior, motor tricycle: Ariel
US. Internal-combustion: Altham, Black, Electric & internal-combustion: Brewster, Haynes-Apperson
France. Steam: Montier & Gillet; electric: Krieger; internal-combustion: Grivel, Juzan, Société Parisienne, Mors; voiturette: Decauville, Richard; avant-train: Amiot
UK. Steam: Toward & Philipson; Electric: Bushbury Electric, Neale; electric phaeton: Electric Motive Power; internal-combustion: Belsize; bus: Thomas Harrington
US. Electric: Pope; Internal-combustion: Autocar, Oldsmobile, Plass, Winton
Austria-Hungary. Internal-combustion: Präsident (Tatra)
Belgium. Internal-combustion: Delecroix, Métallurgique
France. Internal-combustion: Ailloud, Astresse, Auge, David & Bourgeois, De Dietrich, Lufbery, Poron, Tourey; voiturette: Le Blon, De Riancey; trucks and tractors: Latil; avant-train: Ponsard-Ansaloni
Germany. Electric: Kühlstein; internal-combustion: AWE, Wartburg
Italy. Internal-combustion: Ceirano GB & C; motor tricycle/quadricycle: Prinetti & Stucchi
UK. Electric: Oppermann; internal-combustion: Alldays & Onions, Grose, James and Browne, Madelvic, Star; tricar: Humber; motor tricycle/quadricycle: Arsenal, Eadie, Leuchters; motorcycle: Swift,
US. Steam: American Waltham; electric: Riker; internal-combustion: Rutenber, St. Louis; buggy: Stearns
Belgium. Voiturette: Vivinus
France. Electric: Bouquet, Garcin & Schivre, Monnard; internal-combustion: Allard-Latour, Esculape, La Lorraine, Luc Court, Marot-Gardon, Raouval, Renault (including the first saloon car), Turcat-Méry; light car: Naptholette; voiturette: Andre Py, Cochotte, Populaire, Rouxel; alcohol fuelled: L'Alkolumine
Germany. Internal-combustion: Opel
Italy. Internal-combustion: Fiat
Russia. Electric: Kukushka
UK. Electric: Joel-Rosenthal; internal-combustion: Accles-Turrell, Geering; voiturette: Argyll; motor tricycle/quadricycle: Allard, Anglo-American; motorcycle: Coventry-Eagle, OK-Supreme, Quadrant, Royal Enfield
US. Steam: Century, Grout, Kensington, Keystone, Kidder, Leach, Liquid Air, Locomobile, Mobile (pre Stanley Steamer), Strathmore, Victor Steam, Waltham Steam; electric: American Electric, Baker, Columbia (taxi), Electric Vehicle, Quinby, Stearns, US Automobile, Van Wagoner, Woods; internal-combustion: American, Black, Bramwell-Robinson, Buick, Gasmobile, Gurley, Holyoke, International, Media, Oakman-Hertel, Packard (Ohio), Quick, Sintz
Belgium. Hybrid: Pieper; internal-combustion: Nagant, Pipe; voiturette: Antoine
Canada. Electric: Canadian Motor
France. Internal-combustion: Ader, Ardent, Chenard-Walcker, Maillard, Nanceene, Otto; voiturette: Chainless, Soncin; motorcycle: Buchet, Castoldi
Germany. Internal-combustion: Adler, Albion; voiturette: AGG; motorcycle (later trucks): Phänomen
Italy. Internal-combustion: Isotta Fraschini
UK. Internal-combustion: Hewinson-Bell, Napier, Smith & Dowse; voiturette: Billings-Burns; motorcycle: Rex-Acme
US. Steam: Tractobile, Kent's Pacemaker, Porter Stanhope, Skene, Steamobile; electric: Hewitt-Lindstrom, National; internal-combustion: Auburn, Canda, California, Eureka, Holley, Keystone, Knox, Lozier, Peerless, Rambler, Stearns-Knight; tractor: Samson; truck: Detroit
Canada. Light car: Queen
France. Internal-combustion: Charron, Corre La Licorne; voiturette: L'Ardennais, Guerraz, Henry-Dubray, Korn et Latil, Malliary; light car: De Boisse
Germany. Internal-combustion: Horch, Stoewer; motorcycle: NSU
UK. Electric: Electromobile; internal-combustion: Asquith, Imperial, John O'Gaunt, Sunbeam, paraffin fuelled: Ralph Lucas; cyclecar: Campion; light car: Ralph Gilbert; voiturette: Wolseley; motorcycle: Matchless, Singer
US. Steam: Aultman, Binney & Burnham, Covert, Desberon, Hidley, Hudson, Reading Steamer, Stearns, White; internal-combustion: Altman, Apperson, Buffalo, Buffum, De Dion, Empire, Marion, Pierce-Arrow, Schaum; touring car: Austin; runabout: Stevens-Duryea; high wheeler: Holsman; motorcycle: Indian
Belgium. Internal-combustion: Minerva
France. Internal-combustion: Motobloc, Richard-Brasier
Germany. Internal-combustion: Aachener, AEG, Argus, Beaufort, NAG; motorised tricycle/quadricycle: Cyklon
Russia. Electric: Dux
Spain. Internal-combustion: Anglada
UK. Steam: Vapomobile; internal-combustion: Abingdon, Armstrong, Karminski, Maudslay, Rover, Vulcan; voiturette: Esculapeus, tricar: Advance; motorcycle: Norton, Triumph
US. Steam: Clipper, Hoffman, Richmond, Stanley; electric: Studebaker; internal-combustion: Blood, Brennan, Cadillac, Cameron, Cannon, Clarkmobile, Franklin (automobile), Gaeth, Hammer-Sommer, Kirk, Marmon, Reber; runabout: Glide (automobile), Smith, Standard Steel; touring car: Spaulding; light car: Greenleaf, Orient; buggy: American, Union; compound expansion: Eisenhuth; truck: Rapid
Belgium. Internal-combustion: Excelsior
France. Internal-combustion: Ariès, Clément-Bayard, Delaunay-Belleville, Hotchkiss, Regal, Talbot; light car: Henry Bauchet
Germany. Internal-combustion bus/truck: Büssing
UK. Electric: Lems; steam (and internal-combustion): Albany; internal-combustion: Attila, Elswick, Kyma, Lea-Francis, Lee Stroyer, Standard, Vauxhall, Whitlock; avant-train: Adams; motorcycle: Chater-Lea, New Hudson, Wilkinson Sword
US. Steam: Jaxon; internal-combustion: American Chocolate (Walter), Bates, Ford, Lenawee, Marble-Swift, Matheson, Vermont, Wilson; motorcycles: Harley-Davidson, touring car: Acme, Berg, Logan, Michigan, Iroquois, Jackson, Phelps, Premier; roadster: Buckmobile; runabout: Dingfelder, Eldredge, Marr, Mitchell, Overland, Sandusky, Tincher
Canada. Internal-combustion: Russell
France. Internal-combustion: Cottin & Desgouttes, Grégoire; voiturette: Lavie; motor tricycle: La Va Bon Train
Germany. Internal-combustion: Alliance, Wenkelmobil
Italy. Internal-combustion: Itala
Spain. Internal-combustion: Hispano-Suiza
UK. Electric: Imperial; internal-combustion: Arbee, Armstrong Whitworth, Ascot, Calthorpe, Chambers, Crossley, Croxted, Iden, Motor Carrier, Queen; voiturette: Achilles; light car: Gilburt; tricar: Garrard; motorcycle: Phelon & Moore, Zenith
US. Steam: Empire Steamer; electric: Berwick, Marquette; internal-combustion: American, American Mercedes, American Napier, Christie, Cleveland, Corbin, Detroit Wheeler, Dolson, Lambert, Luverne, Maxwell, Moline, Orlo, Oscar Lear, Pierce-Racine, Queen, Sampson, Schacht, Sinclair-Scott (Maryland), Standard, Studebaker-Garford, Twyford Stanhope; touring car: Brew-Hatcher, S&M Simplex, Crestmobile, Detroit Auto, Frayer-Miller, Jeffery, Pungs Finch, Richmond, Royal, Thomas, Upton; runabout: Courier, Fredonia, Northern, Pierce, Pope-Tribune; tractor: Holt
France. Internal-combustion: Alliance, Brasier, Charlon, Couverchel, Delage, Eudelin, Rolland-Pilain, Sizaire-Naudin; touring car: Rebour; light car: Helbé, Urric; voiturette: Eureka; motorcycle: Herdtle & Bruneau
Germany. Steam: Altmann; internal-combustion: Ehrhardt, Hansa, Hexe, Solidor
Italy. Internal-combustion: Diatto, Zust
UK. Electric: Alexandra, Ekstromer; internal-combustion: Adams, Austin, Edismith, Riley, Sunbeam-Talbot, Talbot; light car: One of the Best; tricar: Anglian; motorcycle: Velocette
US. Electric: Rauch and Lang; internal-combustion: Aerocar, Ardsley, Ariel, Cartercar, Corwin, Crown, Harrison, Haynes, Silent Knight, Pullman, Rainier, Selden, Soules, Stoddard-Dayton; touring car: Detroit-Oxford, Diamond T, Gas-au-lec, Lambert, REO, USA Daimler; roadster: Walker, Western; light car: Bell, buggy: Deal, Hammer; motorcycle: Excelsior-Henderson, Shawmobile
Belgium. Internal-combustion: Impéria; hybrid: Auto-Mixte
France. Internal-combustion: AM, Ampère, Antoinette, Lion-Peugeot, Unic; light car: Doriot, Flandrin & Parant; voiturette and motorcycle: Alcyon
Germany. Internal-combustion: AAG
Italy. Internal-combustion: Aquila Italiana, Fial, Peugeot-Croizat, SCAT, SPA, Standard
UK. Internal-combustion: All-British, Ladas, Marlborough, Rolls-Royce; light car: Jowett; tricar: Addison, Armadale; dual-control car: Academy; hybrid bus: Tilling-Stevens; motorcycle: Dot
US. Steam: Doble, Ross; electric: Babcock; internal-combustion: ALCO, American, American Simplex, Apollo, Atlas, Bliss, Car de Luxe, Deere, Dorris, Dragon, Frontenac, Hol-Tan, Jewell, Kissel, Model, Moore (Ball-Bearing Car); touring car: Heine-Velox, Moon; roadster: Colburn; light car: Janney; high wheeler: ABC, Black, McIntyre, Success
Belgium. Internal-combustion: Springuel
Canada. Internal-combustion: McLaughlin
France. Internal-combustion: Ariane, Jean-Bart, Lahaussois, Lutier, Marie de Bagneux, Prod'homme, Sinpar, Sixcyl; voiturette: Couteret, Obus, La Radieuse; voiturette tricar: Guerry et Bourguignon, Lurquin-Coudert; tricar: Austral, Mototri Contal; hybrid: AL; amphibious: Ravailler; racing car: De Bazelaire
UK. Internal-combustion: Dalgliesh-Gullane, Hillman; truck: Commer; motorcycle: Douglas
US. Electric: American Juvenile Electric, Detroit Electric; internal-combustion: Allen Kingston, Anderson, Carter Twin-Engine, Continental, Corbitt, Fuller, Griswold, Maryland, Kiblinger, Oakland, Regal, Speedwell; high wheeler: Eureka, Hatfield, Single Center, Staver; roadster: CVI; runabout: Albany, Colt Runabout, Kermath, Marvel, Nielson
France. Internal-combustion: Le Pratic, X; phaeton: Siscart; voiturette: Roussel
Germany. Internal-combustion: Allright, Brennabor, Fafnir, Lloyd
Italy. Internal-combustion: Lancia, Marca-Tre-Spade, Temperino
Russia. Internal-combustion: Russo-Balt
UK. Internal-combustion: Arno, Sheffield-Simplex, Valveless; touring car: Argon; light car: Alex; motorcycle: Premier
US. Internal-combustion: Bendix, Coates-Goshen, Correja, Cunningham, De Luxe, General Motors, Gyroscope, Havers, Imperial, Paige, Sears, Velie; touring car: Moyer; high wheeler: Cole, De Schaum, DeWitt, Hobbie Accessible, Michigan; runabout: Simplo; cyclecar: Browniekar; buggy: Davis
France. Internal-combustion: Bugatti, FL, La Ponette, Le Zèbre
Italy. Racing car: Brixia-Zust; motorcycle: Della Ferrera
Netherlands. Internal-combustion: Entrop
UK. Internal-combustion: Pilot
US. Internal-combustion: Abbott-Detroit, Anhut, Black Crow, Crow-Elkhart, Cutting, EMF, Everitt, Fuller, GJG, Hupmobile, Inter-State, Lion, Pilot; touring car: Crawford, Fal-Car, Piggins, Standard Six; roadster: Coyote, Hudson, Kauffman; runabout: Brush; small car: Herreshoff, Hitchcock, KRIT; light car: Courier; buggy: Paterson; raceabout: Mercer; racing car: McFarlan; truck: Chase, Sanford-Herbert
Canada. Internal-combustion: Gareau
France. Internal-combustion: Ageron, Damaizin & Pujos, Margaria, Mathis, Plasson; light car: Simplicia; cyclecar: Bédélia
Germany. Internal-combustion: Ansbach, Apollo, Audi
Italy. Internal-combustion: Alfa Romeo, Chiribiri
UK. Steam: AMC; internal-combustion: Morgan, Siddeley-Deasy; cyclecar: GN
US. Electric: Grinnell; internal-combustion: Alpena, Cavac, De Mot, Flanders, Great Eagle, Kline Kar, Lexington, Maytag-Mason, Parry, Spaulding, United States; touring car: Carhartt, Chalmers, Detroit-Dearborn, Etnyre, Faulkner-Blanchard, Great Southern; tonneau: Henry, Midland; roadster: Ames, King-Remick, Penn; runabout: Empire; cyclecar: Autoette; high wheeler: Anchor Buggy; buggy: Aldo
Canada. Internal-combustion: Clinton
France. Cyclecar: Enders
Germany. Internal-combustion: Excelsior-Mascot, Podeus; rotary valve: Standard
Italy. Motorcycle: Benelli
UK. Internal-combustion: Aberdonia, AGR, Airedale, GWK, Newton-Bennett, Roper-Corbet; cyclecar: Alvechurch, Autotrix, Lambert; motorcycle: Beardmore, Coventry-Victor, Levis, Rudge-Whitworth, Villiers
US. Electric: Hupp-Yeats, Century, Dayton Electric; internal-combustion: America, Ann Arbor, Chevrolet, Day, Gaylord, American Jonz (automobile) (The American), King, Komet, Marathon, Overland OctoAuto, Nyberg, Pilgrim of Providence, Rayfield, Stutz, Virginian, Willys; tractor: Mogul; fire-engine: Ahrens-Fox,
Argentina: Internal-combustion: Anasagasti
Canada. Internal-combustion: Amherst
France. Electric: Anderson Electric, internal-combustion: Albatros, Alda, Arista, Cognet de Seynes, Hédéa, La Roulette, SCAP; light car: Luxior, truck: Laffly, avant-train: Ponts,
Hungary. Internal-combustion: Raba
Italy. Internal-combustion: Storero
Spain. Internal-combustion: Abadal
UK. Steam: Sheppee; internal-combustion: ABC; cyclecar: Adamson, Arden, Chota, Coventry Premier, Crouch, Hampton, HCE, Tiny, Tyseley; motorcycle: NUT, Sunbeam
US. Electric: Argo Electric, Buffalo Electric, Church-Field; internal-combustion: Anna, Briggs-Detroiter, Crane & Breed, Pathfinder, Standard; touring car: Miller, Westcott; light-car: Lad's Car, Little; tricar: American Tri-Car, motorcycle: Cyclone; truck: Brockway, Palmer-Moore
Belgium. Internal-combustion: Alatac
France. Internal-combustion: Ajax, Alba, Alva, Rougier; cyclecar: Jouvie
Spain. Cyclecar: David
UK. Internal-combustion: Morris, Perry, Woodrow, WW; light car: Ace, Lucar; cyclecar: Armstrong, Athmac, Baker & Dale, Bantam, BPD, Britannia, Broadway, Carlette, Dallison, Dewcar, LAD, Lester Solus, Vee Gee, Warne, Wilbrook, Wrigley; motocycle: Montgomery
US. Electric: American Electric; internal-combustion: Allen (Ohio), Allen (Philadelphia), Chandler, Flyer, Grant, Lyons-Knight, Monarch; cyclecar: Car-Nation, Coey, Detroit Cyclecar, Downing-Detroit, Dudly Bug, Gadabout, JPL, Little Detroit Speedster, Little Princess, Twombly; touring car: Keeton; roadster: Saxon, Scripps-Booth; sports car: Duesenberg; motocycle: Bi-Autogo
France. Internal-combustion: Ascot, Donnet-Zedel; light car: Nardini
Japan. Internal-combustion: DAT
Italy. Maserati
UK. Internal-combustion: Trojan, Utopian; light car: Bifort, cyclecar: Bradwell, Buckingham, Carden, Hill & Stanier, Imperial, Projecta, Simplic; motocycle: ABC
US. Electric: Ward; internal-combustion: Ajax, American, Benham, Dile, Keystone, Light, Monroe, MPM, Partin, Willys-Knight; touring car: Alter; roadster: Metz, Vulcan; light car: Fischer, Lincoln; cyclecar: Argo, Arrow, Biesel, CAC, Cricket, Davis, Dodge, Engler, Excel, Hawk, Logan, LuLu, Malcolm Jones, Mercury, Motor Bob, O-We-Go, Xenia
Canada. Internal-combustion: Gray-Dort, Regal
UK. Internal-combustion: Atalanta; sports car: Aston Martin
US. Electric: Menominee, hybrid electric: Owen Magnetic, internal-combustion: All-Steel, Apple, Biddle, Bour-Davis, Briscoe, Dort, Elcar, Herff-Brooks, Hollier, Ross, Smith Flyer, light car: Bell, Harvard, cyclecar: Koppin, racing car: Frontenac,
Russia: AMO
US. Electric: Belmont; internal-combustion: Aland, American Junior, Auto Red Bug, Bush, Daniels, Dixie Flyer, Hackett, HAL, Jordan, Liberty, Sun, Yale; touring car: Barley, Marion-Handley,
Germany: BMW
Canada. Internal-combustion: Moose Jaw Standard
UK. Cyclecar: Gibbons
US. Internal-combustion: Able, Amalgamated, American, Anderson, Columbia, Commonwealth, Piedmont, Shad-Wyck, Templar; touring car: Harroun, Nelson, Olympian; light car: Gem; truck: Nash,
Italy: trucks OM
UK. Internal-combustion: All British Ford; motorcycle: Cotton
US. Steam: Bryan, internal-combustion: Essex; motorcycle: Ner-a-Car
France. Internal-combustion: Avions Voisin, Butterosi, Citroen, Leyat, Salmson; cyclecar: ASS, Soriano-Pedroso
Germany. Internal-combustion: AGA, Anker
UK. Internal-combustion: Alvis, Angus-Sanderson, Armstrong Siddeley, Ashton-Evans, Bentley, Dawson, Eric-Campbell, Maiflower, Ruston-Hornsby, Willys Overland Crossley; cyclecar: Aero Car, Ashby, AV, Castle Three, Economic, Tamplin; motorcycle: Brough Superior, Coventry-Victor, Dunelt, Duzmo
US. Internal-combustion: Amco, Argonne, Climber, Du Pont, Graham-Paige; truck: Huffman
Belgium. Light car: ALP
France. Electric: Electricar; internal-combustion: Janémian, Jouffret, Radior; cyclecar: Able, Ajams, Astatic, La Comfortable, De Marçay, Elfe, Kevah, Santax; sports car: Fonlupt
Germany. Internal-combustion: Joswin, Selve; touring car: Steiger
Japan: Mazda
UK. Internal-combustion: Aeroford, Cubitt, Galloway, Palmerston, Payze; light car: Albert; cyclecar: Allwyn, Archer, Baughan, Bell, Black Prince, Blériot-Whippet, Bound, Cambro, CFB, Winson; sports car: Sports Junior
USA: Ace, Alsace, Aluminum, Astra, Binghamton Electric, Carroll, Colonial, Colonial/Shaw, Friend, Gardner, Gray Light Car, LaFayette, Lorraine, Mason Truck, Sheridan, Standard Steam Car, Stanwood
Canada: Brock Six, London Six
France: Amilcar, Ballot, Bernardet, Coadou et Fleury, Colda, Le Favori, Georges Irat, Hinstin, Janoir, Madoz, Quo Vadis, Le Roitelet, Solanet
Germany: Alfi, Arimofa, Atlantic, Pawi, Rumpler Tropfenwagen, Zündapp
Italy: Ansaldo, Aurea, IENA, motorcycle: Moto Guzzi
Japan: Ales
UK: Amazon, Barnard, Scott Sociable, Skeoch
US. Steam: Coats, Davis, internal combustion: Adria, Aero Car, Ajax, Automatic, Birmingham, Colonial, Davis Totem, Durant, Earl, Handley-Knight, Jacquet Flyer, Kessler, Wills Sainte Claire
Canada: Colonial
France: Astra, Bucciali, Induco, JG, Vaillant
Germany: Juho, Komet
UK: Abbey, Abingdon, Albatros, Alberford, Aster, Atomette, Autogear, Baby Blake, Bean, Bow-V-Car, Christchurch-Campbell, Clyno, Frazer Nash, Gwynne, Packman & Poppe, Swallow Sidecar Company, Wigan-Barlow, Xtra
US. Steam: Alena, American Steamer, Endurance, internal combustion: ABC, Anahuac, Ansted-Lexington, Checker, DAC, Dagmar, Detroit, Gray, Jewett, Kess-Line 8, Rickenbacker, Star, Stewart-Coats
Belgium: ADK, De Wandre, Juwel
Canada. Steam: Brooks
France: Bell, Henou, Willème
Germany: Alan, Kenter, Pilot, motorcycle: BMW
UK: Astral, Urecar
USA: Flint, Rugby
Czech Republic: Skoda
France: AEM, AS, Le Cabri, De Sanzy, Elgé, Jean Gras, Jousset
Germany: Amor, Ehrhardt-Szawe, Tempo
Japan: Otomo
UK: HRD, Morris, Paydell
US. Steam: American; internal-combustion: Chrysler, Junior R, Pennant
Belgium: Jeecy-Vea
France: Heinis, Jack Sport
Germany: Hanomag, Sablatnig-Beuchelt, Seidel-Arop
Italy: Amilcar Italiana, Maggiora, Moretti
UK: Brocklebank, Invicta, Jappic, McEvoy, MG
USA: Empire Steam Car, Ajax, Diana
France: Alma, Arzac, Chaigneau-Brasier, Constantinesco, Lambert, Ratier, SAFAF, Sensaud de Lavaud, Tracta
Germany: Daimler-Benz, Gutbrod, Mercedes-Benz
UK: Arab, HP, Marendaz, Swallow
USA: Ansted, Divco, Dodgeson
Pontiac
France: Rosengart, Silva-Coroner
UK: Arrol-Aster, Avro, Streamline (Burney Car)
USA: Falcon-Knight, Graham-Paige, LaSalle
Sweden: Volvo
Germany: BMW, DKW
UK: Ascot, Vincent
USA: DeSoto, Plymouth
France: Alphi, Michel Irat
Germany: Borgward
Italy: Ferrari
Soviet Union. Motorcycle: Izh
Spain: National Pescara
UK: Alta
USA: American Austin, Blackhawk, Cord, Roosevelt, Ruxton, Viking, Windsor
Belgium: Astra
France: AER, Virus
Germany: Ardie-Ganz
Soviet Union: KIM
Germany: Maikäfer
Soviet Union: ZIS
Japan: Datsun
UK: Squire
USA: De Vaux, Hoffman (Detroit automobile)
Italy: Nardi
Poland: Polski Fiat
Soviet Union: GAZ
UK: Vale Special
USA: Allied, De Vaux Continental, Jaeger
France: Tracford
Germany: Standard Superior
UK: André, Railton, SS Cars (predecessor of Jaguar Cars)
USA: Continental
France: Simca
Germany: Auto Union, Bungartz Butz
Japan: Ohta Jidosha
UK: Aveling-Barford, British Salmson, Rytecraft
France: Talbot-Lago
Germany: Henschel
UK: Autovia, Batten, Jensen, Reliant
USA: Stout Scarab
France: Darl'mat, Monocar
UK: Allard, HRG, Lammas, Lloyd, Skirrow
Japan: Toyota
France: Ardex, Danvignes
Germany: Volkswagen
UK: Atalanta
France: DB, Rolux
UK: Nuffield
Soviet Union: SMZ
USA: Albatross, Crosley, truck: Peterbilt
Italy: Ferrari
UK: DMW
Soviet Union: UAZ; motorcycle: IMZ-Ural
Brazil. Trucks: F.N.M.
Soviet Union. Trucks: Ural
Soviet Union. Motorcycle: Dnipro
UK: Bristol, Healey, Jaguar Cars
USA: Kaiser-Frazer
France: Chappe et Gessalin, Mochet, Rovin
Germany: Messerschmitt
Hungary: Csepel
Italy: Bandini, Cisitalia, Stanguellini; Trucks: Astra Veicoli Industriali
Soviet Union: Moskvitch; motorcycle: ZiD
Spain: Pegaso
UK: Cooper
USA: American Motors Incorporated, Frazer
Canada: Studebaker
France: Aerocarene, Alamagny
Italy: Innocenti, Lambretta, Maserati, O.S.C.A.
Soviet Union. Trucks: Minsk Automobile Plant
UK: Ambassador, Ausfod, Buckler
USA: Airscoot, Davis, Playboy
France: J-P Wimille
Germany: Fend Flitzer
Italy: Fimer, Iso Rivolta, Siata
Japan. Motorcycle: Marusho
Soviet Union. Trucks: BelAZ
UK: EMC, Land Rover, Rochdale, Thundersley Invacar
USA: Autoette, Keller, Tucker Sedan
France: Atlas
India: AUTOPRD
Soviet Union: RAF
Japan: Honda (Motorcycle)
UK: Dellow
USA: Aerocar, Airway, Glasspar G2; scooter: PMC
France: Autobleu
Germany: Fuldamobil, Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten, Kleinschnittger, Staunau
Spain: SEAT
UK: Marauder, Paramount
USA: Muntz
France: Atlas, Automobiles Marathon, Le Piaf, Reyonnah
Germany: Glas
Poland: FSO
Soviet Union. Trucks: KAZ; motorcycle: Minsk
UK: Arnott, Russon, Turner
USA: Nash-Healey
France: Martin-Spéciale, Poinard
Germany: Brütsch, Champion
Soviet Union: PAZ
UK: Austin-Healey, BMC, Greeves, Lotus
USA: Allstate, Woodill
Germany: EMW
Japan: Subaru
USA: Eshelman, Fina-Sport
France: Alpine, Facel Vega
Spain: Serveta
UK: Astra, Fairthorpe, Rodley, Swallow Doretti
USA: AMC, Studebaker-Packard
Belgium: Meeussen
France: Saviem, VELAM
Germany: Goggomobil, Zwickau
Italy: Autobianchi
Soviet Union: LAZ, LuAZ
UK: Ashley, Elva
Argentina: IKA
France: Arista
Germany: Heinkel Kabine
Soviet Union: ZiL, KAG; scooter: TMZ, Vyatka
UK: Berkeley, Tourette
USA: Auto Cub, Devin, Dual-Ghia
France: Arbel, Atla
Germany: Neckar, Trabant
Romania: ARO
UK: Peerless (Warwick), Scootacar, Tornado
USA: Aurora, Hackney
Soviet Union: KAvZ; trucks: BAZ, KrAZ
UK: Gill, Frisky
USA: Edsel, Streco Turnpike Cruiser
Argentina: Siam Di Tella
India: Vehicle Factory Jabalpur
Soviet Union: LiAZ
UK: Bristol Siddeley, Gilbern, Marcos
USA: Argonaut, Nu-Klea Starlite
India: Ideal Jawa
UK: Ausper, Brabham, Rickman
US. Replica veteran car: Gaslight
Germany: Amphicar
Soviet Union: ZAZ
UK: Diva
Canada: Acadian
France: Automobiles René Bonnet
Soviet Union: AvtoKuban
Japan. Motorcycle: Kawasaki
USA: Apollo
Italy: ATS, Scuderia Serenissima, Lamborghini
UK: Bond, Gordon-Keeble
USA: Exner Revival Cars; trucks: Marmon
Japan: Honda (Car)
Italy: ASA
Soviet Union: ErAZ
USA: Fiberfab
France: Matra
India: Heavy Vehicles Factory
Italy: Ferves
Soviet Union: IzhAvto
Spain: IPV
UK: Jago, Peel
Bulgaria: Bulgarrenault
Italy: Bizzarrini
Soviet Union: Lada; trucks: MoAZ
Romania: Dacia
UK: Norton-Villiers, Trident, Unipower
Bulgaria: Bulgaralpine
India: Tata motors
Italy: Autozodiaco, LMX Sirex
Turkey: Tofaş
UK: Piper
USA: Savage GT
Australia. Trucks: RFW
Brazil. Cars: Gurgel
China: Dongfeng
Soviet Union. Trucks: Kamaz
UK: Enfield