Outline of oceanography

The following outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to Oceanography.
Oceanography (from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) 'ocean' and γραφή (graphḗ) 'writing'), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science, is the scientific study of the ocean, including its physics, chemistry, biology, and geology.
It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries; ecosystem dynamics; and plate tectonics and seabed geology.
Oceanographers draw upon a wide range of disciplines to deepen their understanding of the world’s oceans, incorporating insights from astronomy, biology, chemistry, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology and physics. (See: main article.)
Below is a structured list of topics on oceanography.
Oceanography can be described as all of the following:
Biological oceanography – The study of how organisms affect and are affected by the physics, chemistry, and geology of the oceanographic system
Marine realm – Top-level grouping of marine ecoregions
Marine ecoregions – Ecological regions of the oceans and seas identified and defined based on biogeographic characteristics
List of mangrove ecoregions – List ordered according to region
Chemical oceanography – The study of ocean chemistry
Research vessel – A ship or boat designed, modified, or equipped to carry out research at sea
(Outline of Marine geology – Hierarchical outline list of articles on marine geology)
Marine geology – The study of the history and structure of the ocean floor
fracture zone – A junction between oceanic crustal regions of different ages on the same plate left by a transform fault
Geology of the North Sea – Description of the current geological features and the geological history that created them
New Zealand seafloor – The topography and geography of the seafloor in New Zealand's territorial waters.
Oceanic trench – the deepest parts of the ocean floor, typically formed when one tectonic plate slides under another.
Plate tectonics – The scientific theory that describes the large-scale motions of Earth's lithosphere
Seamount – A mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface
Subduction zones – A geological process at convergent tectonic plate boundaries where one plate moves under the other
Submarine calderas – Volcanic calderas that are partially or fully submerged under the water of a larger ocean or lake, sometimes forming a reef, bay or harbor.
Paleoceanography – The study of the history of the oceans in the geologic past
(Outline of physical oceanography – Hierarchical outline list of articles on physical oceanography)
Physical oceanography – The study of physical conditions and physical processes within the ocean
Acoustical oceanography – The use of underwater sound to study the sea, its boundaries and its contents
Circulation terminology and concepts:
To be sorted:
Ocean gyre – Any large system of recirculating ocean currents
Landforms – Natural features of the solid surface of the Earth or other planetary body
Ocean – A body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere
Ocean zones – Not mutually exclusive
Sea – A large body of salt water surrounded in whole or in part by land
Sea ice – Ice formed from frozen seawater
Iceberg – A large piece of freshwater ice broken off a glacier or ice shelf and floating in open water
Sea level – Average level for the surface of the ocean at any given geographical position on the planetary surface
Tide – The periodic change of sea levels caused by the gravitational and inertial effects of the Moon, the Sun and the rotation of the Earth
Storm surge Rise of water surface associated with a low pressure weather system
Tidal bore – A hydrodynamic phenomenon in which the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves) of water that travels up a river or narrow bay against the direction of the river or bay's current.
Tidal island – Land which is connected to the mainland by a causeway which is covered by high tide and exposed at low tide
Whirlpool – Body of rotating water produced by the meeting of opposing currents
Gravity wave – Wave generated in a fluid medium or at the interface between two media when the force of gravity or buoyancy tries to restore equilibrium
Marine geology – The study of the history and structure of the ocean floor