davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Frithjof Hjalmar Reppen

Frithjof Hjalmar Reppen (født 1. november 1893 i Istanbul, død 5. april 1945 ved Wien) var en norsk arkitekt og motstandsmann.
Frithjof Hjalmar Reppen var sønn av skipsmegler og senere konsul Theodor Richard Reppen (1863–1931) og Sofie Regine Johansen (1863–1940). Faren og farfaren Carl Johan Reppen (1823–1904) drev skipsmeglerforretning i Konstantinopel. Etter examen artium ved Deutsche Oberrealschule i Konstantinopel 1913, studerte han ved den tekniske høyskolen i Darmstadt 1913–1917 og ved Norges tekniske høgskole i Trondheim 1917–1919.
Derpå jobbet han 1920–1921 hos arkitekt Henry Fearnley Coll (1877–1954) i Oslo før han 1921–1924 var arkitekt hos Medicinalvesenets byggekontor. På denne tiden var han også ved Det norske Arkitektakademi i Oslo 1923–1925 der blant andre Herman Munthe-Kaas (1890–1977) underviste. Han leverte ingen diplomoppgave her, men hans studentutkast av 1924 til Nobelinstituttet vakte oppsikt.
Etter ett år hos Hans Backer Fürst (1877–1945) drev han fra 1925 til 1941 egen praksis i Oslo. Sammen med blant andre sin tidligere lærer Herman Munthe-Kaas (1890–1977) gjestet han den 2. Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM) i Frankfurt med tema Die wohnung fur das existensminumum i 1929. Hans boligblokker i Professor Dahls gate 31–33 på Briskeby fra 1930 var et av «landets fineste boliganlegg fra den tidlige funksjonalismen».
Eget hus bygde han seg i 1927. Han giftet seg i 1930 med Liv Morterud (1896–1982) fra Moss, de fikk ett barn. Etter at faren døde i 1931 overtok han farens firma «Theo. Reppen» i hjembyen og rakk ikke så mange arkitektprosjekt. Bortsett fra funkisblokka er han husket for Sørensen og Balchens kontor og bilservice-anlegg i Middelthuns gate (Oslo) 21–25 fra 1938.
Under den andre verdenskrig hadde han spredt illegale aviser som Jøssingposten og ble arrestert i 1941. Etter å ha sittet i fengsel på Grini fangeleir fra 1941 til 1943 ble han sendt til fangeleirer i Tyskland. Han endte livet under en fangemarsj ved Wien.
Arne Eggum

Arne Kristian Eggum (født 24. august 1936, død 15. august 2022) var en norsk kunsthistoriker som i all hovedsak konsentrerte sitt vitenskapelige virke rundt Edvard Munch.
Fra januar 1963 til januar 1964 var Eggum engasjert for å assistere ledelsen i forberedelsene til Munch-museets åpning. Han tok magistergraden i kunsthistorie ved Universitetet i Oslo med Studier i nordisk kunstteori høsten 1968. Eggum ble konstituert som konservator ved Oslo kommunes kunstsamlinger, Munchmuseet, med spesielt ansvar for maleriavdelingen i mars 1969 og fikk fast ansettelse i august 1970. I en periode 1969–70 var han eneste kunstkritiker i Dagbladet.
I februar 1972 ble Arne Eggum konstituert som museumsleder/førstekonservator (conservateur en chef, chief curator, hauptkonservator) for Munchmuseet med påfølgende fast ansettelse i Oslo kommunes kunstsamlinger, Munch-museet.
Eggum deltok også i andre aktiviteter i regi av Oslo kommunes kunstsamlinger: offentlige omvisninger i regi av «Kjenn din by», katalogisering og publisering av «Amaldus Nielsens malerisamling» i 1973, av «Rolf E. Stenersens gave til Oslo by» i 1974, og av «Idékonkurranse om utsmykning av 22 skoler i Oslo» i 1973–76.
Som museumsleder hadde Eggum en meget omfattende og hyppig sitert vitenskapelig produksjon i form av artikler og bøker, gjerne skapt i tilknytning til internasjonale utstillinger. Han pensjonerte seg ved fylte 65 år, men har senere publisert artikler som «The Scream as a Vision of Despair», Fondation Louis Vuittion, 2015. Eggum har lagt frem flere omkalfatrende teorier om Edvard Munchs kunstverker i samtale med Annelita Meinich i «Ut i kulturen», NRK P2. I samme programpost har han hatt tre programmer om dadaismen.
«Melankoli»

«Melankoli» (også kjent som «Sjalusi») fra 1892 er et kjent maleri laget av kunstneren Edvard Munch (1863–1944). Maleriet skildrer en mann som hviler hodet på hånden i en ettertenksom stemning på kanten av en strandlinje. Inspirasjonen til maleriet var et ulykkelig romantisk eventyr levd av Munchs venn, Jappe Nilssen; figuren til en melankolsk mann blir presentert til høyre for maleriet og humøret hans er representert av den bølgende strandlinjen, og horisonten som strekker seg til venstre. Kritikere antyder at det også er erotiske betydning, kanskje i nærvær av månens refleksjon i vannet. Landskapet skildrer Åsgårdstrand-stranden i Vestfold, hvor Munch kjøpte et hus for å tilbringe somrene fra 1889.
«Melankoli» er malt i flere versjoner:
De to siste kalles også «Sjalusi». Motivet er gjentatt som tresnitt.
List of national and state libraries

A national library is established by the government of a nation to serve as the pre-eminent repository of information for that country. Unlike public libraries, they rarely allow citizens to borrow books. Often, they include numerous rare, valuable, or significant works; such as the Gutenberg Bible. National libraries are usually notable for their size, compared to that of other libraries in the same country. Some national libraries may be thematic or specialized in some specific domains, beside or in replacement of the 'main' national library.
Some national entities, which are not independent but wish to preserve their particular culture, have established a national library with all the attributes of such institutions, such as legal deposit.
Many national libraries cooperate within the National Libraries Section of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) to discuss their common tasks, define and promote common standards and carry out projects helping them to fulfil their duties. National libraries of Europe participate in The European Library. This is a service of The Conference of European National Librarians (CENL).
The list below is organized alphabetically by country, according to the list of sovereign states, including, at its end an 'other states' section for non-sovereign states. A "♦" indicates a national library of a province or state, or constituent country or dependent state . It is listed under the sovereign state which governs that entity. Sovereign states are listed even when they have no national library or when the existence and name of a national library could not yet be ascertained. Other states, constituent countries and dependent states are listed only if they have a national library.
A state library is established by a state to serve as the preeminent repository of information for that region.
Autonomous communities libraries
The member states of the Swiss Confederation are the 26 cantons of Switzerland. The cantonal libraries [de] (German: Kantonsbibliothek, French: Bibliothèque cantonale, Italian: Biblioteca cantonale, Romansh: Biblioteca chantunala) are:
BIBSYS

BIBSYS is an administrative agency set up and organized by the Ministry of Education and Research in Norway. They provide the exchange, storage and retrieval of data pertaining to research, teaching and learning – historically metadata related to library resources.
BIBSYS are collaborating with all Norwegian universities and university colleges as well as research institutions and the National Library of Norway. Bibsys is formally organized as a unit at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), located in Trondheim, Norway. The board of directors is appointed by Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research.
BIBSYS offer researchers, students and others access to library resources by providing a unified search service and other library services. They also deliver integrated products for the internal operation for research and special libraries as well as open educational resources.
As a DataCite member BIBSYS act as a national DataCite representative in Norway and thereby allow all of Norway's higher education and research institutions to use DOI on their research data.
All their products and services are developed in cooperation with their member institutions.
BIBSYS began in 1972 as a collaborative project between the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters Library (Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Bibliotek), the Norwegian Institute of Technology Library and the Computer Centre at the Norwegian Institute of Technology. The purpose of the project was to automate internal library routines. Since 1972 Bibsys has evolved from a library system supplier for two libraries in Trondheim, to developing and operating a national library system for Norwegian research and special libraries. The target group has also expanded to include the customers of research and special libraries, by providing them easy access to library resources.
BIBSYS is a public administrative agency answerable to the Ministry of Education and Research, and administratively organised as a unit at NTNU. All operation of applications and databases is performed centrally by BIBSYS. BIBSYS also offer a range of services, both in connection with their products and separate services independent of the products they supply.
Sentrum, Oslo

Sentrum, meaning city-centre, is located on the southeast side of Oslo near the inner Oslofjord.
The district is dominated by high rises like Postgirobygget and The Plaza. Oslo's Central Station is located on the eastern side of the borough. Sentrum consists of Bjørvika which has a history as Oslo's main harbour. The area is now being rebuilt with modern high rises consisting of the Barcode and also several student apartments, schools and museums. Sentrum is not a borough with an administration. It is partially administered by St. Hanshaugen, and in part directly by the city council. The borough St. Hanshaugen takes care of health and social services.
The waterfront near what was once a harbour is now a cultural centre and where the Oslo Opera House is located. An artificial island is being constructed together with an artificial beach near the Opera. The Munch Museum which replaced the museum at Tøyen is located on the right side of the Opera House. Several canals are built in the apartment district east of the upcoming Munch Museum.
The tallest buildings in the city are located in the innermost part of Sentrum. Spektrum is located here. Spektrum is one of the major staging facilities in Oslo. Sentrum is located near the Plaza. Several media companies are located here. Various magazines and companies such as Aftenposten, which offices are located in Postgirobygget and TV Norge. An entrance to the Oslo Central Station is located here and Oslo Bus Terminal is being rebuilt and currently serves at the main bus terminal in the city. Oslo City is a large shopping mall located near Spektrum. It is a large mall and currently the third largest mall in the Oslo district.
59°54′40″N 10°44′00″E﻿ / ﻿59.9111°N 10.7333°E﻿ / 59.9111; 10.7333
Storetveit Church

Storetveit Church (Norwegian: Storetveit kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the Fjøsanger neighborhood in Årstad borough in the city of Bergen. It is the church for the Storetveit parish which is part of the Bergensdalen prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The large, stone church was built in a long church design in 1930 using plans drawn up by the architect Ole Landmark. The church seats about 600 people.
During the 1920s, plans were made to build another church in the large Årstad Church parish. Originally, the church was going to be built at Minde, but the plot of land ended up being unsuitable for the church, so a new plot of land at Storetveit was chosen. An architectural competition was held to find the person to design the new church. Ole Landmark won the competition for his designs of a church built in natural stone with Gothic details. Construction on the new church took place from 1928 to 1930. The church has a large rectangular nave with an octagonal choir. A small tower with a spire sits above the choir. There was a sacristy built to the north of the nave and a chapel on the south side of the nave. The new building was consecrated on 30 November 1930.
Parkir sepeda motor

Parkir sepeda motor, seperti halnya parkir mobil adalah tempat untuk meninggalkan sepeda motor untuk sementara pada saat pengendaranya melakukan kegiatannya. Setiap perjalanan dengan sepeda motor diawali dan diakhiri di tempat parkir, sehingga kebutuhan ruang parkir menjadi penting karena pemilikan sepeda motor yang meningkatkan dengan sangat tajam dalam satu dekade terakhir ini.
Permintaaan parkir sepeda motor telah menjadi permasalahan besar di kota-kota besar dunia khususnya dinegara-negara tropis subtropis termasuk di Indonesia. Permasalahan yang timbul terutama karena kebutuhannya meningkat secara drastis dari tahun ketahun sejalan dengan pertumbuhan penggunaan sepeda motor di Indonesia. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ruang parkir untuk sepeda motor di sekitar kawasan perkantoran, terminal ataupun stasiun kereta api, timbul usaha baru berupa penitipan motor dirumah atau ruko. Penitipan dapat dilakukan jangka pendek, harian untuk peulang alik maupun nginap dengan tarif yang lebih tinggi.
Usaha penitipan motor merupakan sebuah usaha yang tidak memerlukan modal besar, tetapi dibutuhkan ketelitian yang tinggi terhadap sepeda motor yang masuk ataupun keluar dari pelataran parkir dan diwajibkan bertanggung jawab terhadap keamanan sepeda motor yang dititipkan. Yang diperlukan hanyalah lahan yang cukup luas yang mampu menampung motor sebagai tempat parkirnya, pagar yang jelas, sirkulasi sepeda motor yang masuk maupun keluar yang baik, gate/pintu yang mencatat sepeda motor masuk dan keluar serta karcis.
Ada beberapa permasalahan yang ditemukan dalam penyiapan ruang parkir untuk sepedamotor, antara lain:
Parkir dobel

Parkir dobel adalah kegiatan parkir kendaraan baik mobil maupun sepeda motor yang dilakukan dipinggir jalan secara paralel berlapis dua atau bahkan bisa sampai lapis tiga, yang dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas tempat parkir di pinggir jalan atau pelataran parkir dan bahkan dilakukan juga digedung parkir. Parkir dobel merupakan salah satu bentuk pelanggaran parkir, pelanggaran seperti ini sering terjadi didaerah perkantoran ataupun di depan pusat kegiatan yang ramai dikunjungi seperti di depan sekolah, mal, pasar.
Dampak negatif dari kegiatan parkir dobel antara lain:
Untuk mengendalikan parkir dobel dapat dilakukan dengan:
Pelataran parkir

Pelataran parkir, tempat parkir, atau lapangan parkir adalah daerah, kawasan terbuka yang digunakan untuk memarkirkan kendaraan, disebut juga taman parkir.
Pelataran parkir merupakan yang sangat penting di pusat perdagangan, perkantoran, stadion olahraga, pasar, sekolah untuk memarkir kendaraan, sementara pemiliknya melakukan kegiatan Belanja, bekerja ataupun kegiatan lainnya.
Beberapa hal yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam perencanaan pelataran parkir:
Ada beberapa bentuk sistem sirkulasi diruang parkir:
Untuk mengatur sirkulasi pelataran parkir perlu dilengkapi dengan rambu lalu lintas dan marka jalan yang jelas.
Telkomsigma

PT Sigma Cipta Caraka (berbisnis dengan nama Telkomsigma) adalah anak usaha Telkom Indonesia yang bergerak di bidang teknologi informasi. Untuk mendukung kegiatan bisnisnya, hingga akhir tahun 2022, perusahaan ini memiliki kantor di Jakarta, Serpong, Sentul, Surabaya, dan Bali.
Perusahaan ini didirikan pada tahun 1987 oleh sekelompok tenaga profesional dari industri perbankan dan teknologi informasi untuk berbisnis sebagai mitra dari IBM. Pada tahun 1989, perusahaan ini meluncurkan produk core banking system (CBS) dengan nama Alphabits. Pada tahun 1995, perusahaan ini mengembangkan core system untuk pasar modal dengan nama Excalibur. Perusahaan ini kemudian juga meluncurkan sistem keamanan terintegrasi dengan nama Stempel. Pada tahun 1997, perusahaan ini membuka pusat pengembangan perangkat lunak di Bali dengan nama Bali Camp. Pada tahun 1998, perusahaan ini mulai mengoperasikan pusat data pertamanya di Gedung German Center Indonesia yang terletak di Bumi Serpong Damai.
Pada tahun 2005, perusahaan ini mengembangkan sistem gerbang pembayaran dengan nama SERA. Pada tahun 2007, perusahaan ini mulai mengoperasikan pusat data di Surabaya. Perusahaan ini kemudian mengembangkan sistem switching ATM untuk Himbara dengan nama Link. Perusahaan ini lalu juga mengembangkan CBS untuk BPR dengan nama SATU. Pada tahun 2009, perusahaan ini mengembangkan sistem gerbang otomatis untuk Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi. Pada tahun 2008, TelkomMetra mengakuisisi 80% saham perusahaan ini, dan dua tahun kemudian, TelkomMetra resmi memegang 100% saham perusahaan ini. Pada tahun 2011, perusahaan ini mulai berbisnis dengan nama Telkomsigma untuk menegaskan statusnya sebagai bagian dari Telkom Group.
Perusahaan ini kemudian mulai mengoperasikan pusat data di Sentul. Pada tahun 2013, perusahaan ini mengakuisisi PT German Centre Indonesia yang mengelola Gedung German Centre Indonesia, dan kemudian mengubah nama perusahaan tersebut menjadi PT Graha Telkom Sigma. Pada tahun 2015, perusahaan ini mengakuisisi mayoritas saham PT Media Nusantara Data Global. Pada tahun 2015 juga, perusahaan ini menjalin kerja sama dengan REDtone asal Malaysia guna mengembangkan layanan teleradiologi untuk diterapkan di rumah sakit di Indonesia. Perusahaan ini kemudian juga mengalihkan pengelolaan sistem switching ATM Link ke PT Jalin Pembayaran Nusantara. Perusahaan ini lalu juga meluncurkan produk Flou dan DigiX.
Pada akhir tahun 2018, perusahaan ini mengakuisisi 70% saham PT Collega Inti Pratama yang bergerak di bidang penyediaan CBS untuk bank pembangunan daerah. Pada tahun 2020, tiga anak usaha dari perusahaan ini, yakni PT Sigma Solusi Integrasi, PT Sigma Metrasys Solution, dan PT Signet Pratama, resmi digabung ke dalam perusahaan ini. Pada awal tahun 2022, Telkom resmi menguasai mayoritas saham PT Sigma Tata Sadaya dengan cara menyuntikkan tambahan modal berupa pusat data yang sedang dibangun di Cikarang. Pada pertengahan tahun 2022, Telkom resmi menguasai mayoritas saham perusahaan ini dengan cara menyuntikkan tambahan modal sebesar Rp 2,6 triliun ke perusahaan ini.
Kejuaraan Dunia Supersport musim 2023

Kejuaraan Dunia Supersport 2023 adalah musim kedua puluh tujuh dari Kejuaraan Dunia Supersport, musim kedua puluh lima yang diadakan dengan nama ini. Kejuaraan ini dimenangkan oleh Nicolò Bulega di putaran Portugal.
Kalender sementara musim 2023 diumumkan pada 8 November 2022. Itu kemudian diperbarui pada 28 Februari 2023 untuk mengumumkan putaran ketujuh di Imola Circuit pada 14–16 Juli. Diperbarui lagi pada 24 Juli, putaran Argentina di Circuito San Juan Villicum dibatalkan karena alasan politik. Pada tanggal 2 Agustus, diumumkan bahwa Circuito de Jerez akan menjadi pengganti Putaran Argentina, menjadikannya trek kembali ke kejuaraan dengan yang terakhir diadakan pada tahun 2021.
Pantai Pasir Putih, Manokwari

Pantai Pasir Putih adalah sebuah pantai yang menjadi lokasi objek wisata di Distrik Manokwari Timur, Kabupaten Manokwari. Pantai ini dinamai demikian karena memiliki pasir putih yang bersih dan halus. Pantai ini masih cukup sepi, selain daripada para penjual yang berada di sekitar lokasi pantai.
Pantai Pasir Putih terletak sekitar 6 Kilometer dari Manokwari. Untuk mencapai pulau ini diperlukan waktu 10 sampai 15 menit menggunakan kapal mesin. Di pantai ini, terdapat beberapa kios yang dapat jadi pilihan untuk wisatawan yang ingin membeli makanan dan minuman. Berbagai jenis jajanan baik makanan dan minuman disediakan oleh warga setempat.
keunikan pada Pantai ini ialah air laut di pantai ini punya tiga warna, yakni bening, biru kehijauan, dan biru gelap, yang mampu menarik perhatian wisatawan. Ombak di pantai ini relatif tidak besar, sehingga memungkinkan pengunjung untuk berenang.
Fasilitas yang disediakan antara lain penyewaan ban renang. Untuk memasuki area pantai tidak dikenai biaya selain biaya parkir kendaraan. Untuk menikmati pasir putih wisatawan tidak dikenakan biaya. Biaya Parkir motor 5.000 dan mobil 10.000.
Adapun upaya untuk melestarikan laut dan pantai dapat dilakukan dengan cara:
Astra Honda Motor

PT Astra Honda Motor adalah sebuah perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang manufaktur, perakitan dan distributor sepeda motor merek dan type Honda. Dan perusahaan ini merupakan satu-satunya di Indonesia yang memiliki hak sebagai Agen Tunggal Pemegang Merek (ATPM) sepeda motor Honda.
PT Astra Honda Motor (AHM) merupakan pelopor industri sepeda motor di Indonesia. Didirikan pada 11 Juni 1971 dengan nama awal PT Federal Motor. Saat itu, PT Federal Motor hanya merakit, sedangkan komponennya diimpor dari Jepang dalam bentuk CKD (completely knock down). Tipe sepeda motor yang pertama kali di produksi Honda adalah tipe bisnis, S 90 Z bermesin 4 tak dengan kapasitas 90cc. Jumlah produksi pada tahun pertama selama satu tahun hanya 1500 unit, akan tetapi kemudian melonjak menjadi sekitar 30 ribu pada tahun dan terus berkembang hingga saat ini. Sepeda motor terus berkembang dan menjadi salah satu moda transportasi andalan di Indonesia.
Seiring dengan perkembangan kondisi ekonomi serta tumbuhnya pasar sepeda motor terjadi perubahan komposisi kepemilikan saham di pabrikan sepeda motor Honda ini. Pada tahun 2001, PT Federal Motor dan beberapa anak perusahaan dimerger menjadi satu dengan nama PT Astra Honda Motor, yang komposisi kepemilikan sahamnya menjadi 50% milik PT Astra International Tbk dan 50% milik Honda Motor Co. Japan, yang masih bekerjasama dengan HRC Indonesia.
Saat ini PT Astra Honda Motor memiliki 4 fasilitas pabrik perakitan. Pabrik pertama berlokasi di Sunter, Jakarta Utara yang juga berfungsi sebagai kantor pusat. Pabrik kedua berlokasi di Kelapa Gading. Pabrik ketiga berlokasi di kawasan MM 2100 Cikarang Barat, Bekasi. Pabrik keempat berlokasi di Karawang. Pabrik keempat ini merupakan fasilitas pabrik perakitan terbaru yang mulai beroperasi sejak tahun 2014.
Dengan keseluruhan fasilitas ini PT Astra Honda Motor saat ini memiliki kapasitas produksi 5.8 juta unit sepeda motor per-tahunnya, untuk permintaan pasar sepeda motor di Indonesia yang terus meningkat. Salah satu puncak prestasi yang berhasil diraih PT Astra Honda Motor adalah pencapaian produksi ke 50 juta pada tahun 2015. Prestasi ini merupakan prestasi pertama yang berhasil diraih oleh industri sepeda motor di Indonesia bahkan untuk tingkat ASEAN.
Electrical safety standards

Electrical safety is a system of organizational measures and technical means to prevent harmful and dangerous effects on workers from electric current, arcing, electromagnetic fields and static electricity.
The electrical safety develops with the technical progress. In 1989 OSHA promulgated a much-needed regulation in the General Industry Regulations. Several standards are defined for control of hazardous energy, or lockout/tagout. In 1995 OSHA was successful in promulgation of regulations for utility. In 1994 were established Electrical Safety Foundation International non-profit organization dedicated exclusively to promoting electrical safety at home and in the workplace.
Standards are compared with those of IEEE and National Fire Protection Association.
Lightning and Earthing protection systems are essential for the protection of humans, structures, protecting buildings from mechanical destruction caused by lightning effects and the associated risk of fire, Transmission lines, and electrical equipment from electric shock and Overcurrent.
Electrical shocks on humans can lead to permanent disabilities or death. Size, frequency and duration of the electrical current affect the damage. The effects from electric shock can be: stopping the heart beating properly, preventing the person from breathing, causing muscle spasms. The skin features also affect the consequences of electric shock.
The manufacturers of electronic tools must take into account several standard for electronic safety to protect the health of humans and animals.
Few standard were introduced for the harmful impact from high frequency.
Caboclo de umbanda

Caboclos são uma linha de trabalho de entidades de Umbanda, que se apresentam como indígenas. Incorporam também no candomblé de caboclo, de onde possivelmente são originários.
Os caboclos estão presentes na Umbanda desde a sua fundação, uma vez que a religião teria sido criada pelo Caboclo das Sete Encruzilhadas.
As entidades assim denominadas que se apresentam nos terreiros de umbanda são espíritos com um certo grau espiritual de evolução.
São considerados espíritos de índios que já morreram e que viraram guias de luz que voltam à Terra para prestar a caridade ao próximo. Ou almas de pessoas que assumiram a roupagem fluídica de caboclo como instrumento de ideal. São da Linha das Matas.
Apresentam-se altaneiros, dando o seu grito de guerra e gesticulando como se lançassem suas flechas. Normalmente seus conselhos visam a melhorar o ânimo dos mais necessitados. A imagem quase sempre condiz com a figura do bom selvagem romantizado, belo, puro, nobre e arrojado. São espíritos sérios e bastante contidos. Normalmente os consulentes os tratam com muito respeito e até algum temor.
Geralmente se utilizam de charutos para provocar a descarga espiritual de seu médium e também do seu consulente. Alguns assoviam, outros bradam no ato da incorporação. Costumam ser bastante sérios nos seus conselhos. São considerados, portanto, grandes trabalhadores dos terreiros.
Nomes de alguns caboclos da Umbanda, que trabalham em falanges espirituais, "incorporando" em médiuns nos terreiros.
Marinheiros na umbanda

Marinheiro na Umbanda são uma linha de trabalho da Umbanda, formada por entidades geralmente associadas aos marujos, que em vida empreendiam viagens pelos mares, enfrentando toda sorte de infortúnios. Trabalham na linha das águas, de Iemanjá, orixá que representa a mãe universal na Umbanda, a rainha dos mares.
Entre as falanges de marinheiros estão:
Esquerda e direita (umbanda)

Esquerda e direita, na umbanda, são dois conceitos relacionados ao campo de atuação de entidades em algumas religiões afro-brasileiras, notadamente na umbanda.
As entidades de direita são tradicionalmente associadas a figuras como os Caboclos, Pretos-Velhos, Baianos, Erês, Marinheiros, Ciganos e outros.
A grosso modo, as entidades de direita trabalham com fatores irradiadores, enquanto as de esquerda atuam com fatores consumidores. Ou seja, as entidades de esquerda absorvem desequilíbrios, viciações, desvirtuamentos e negatividade, enquanto as de direita têm a função de reestruturar.
Contudo, essas denominações não são absolutas, e existem linhas de trabalho que não se restringem a um ou outro lado. Por exemplo, os malandros, ciganos, boiadeiros e até alguns intermediários de Ogum podem ser considerados como entidades que se adaptam a ambas as polaridades, sendo vistas como uma espécie de "caminho do meio".
A esquerda está mais associada a entidades como os Exus, Exus-Mirins e Pombajiras.
A esquerda na umbanda possui características próprias e não pode ser classificada simplesmente como "maligna". Suas funções podem ser vistas dentro de uma perspectiva ética humana como próximas da maldade, mas a moralidade das entidades de esquerda é, na realidade, amoral, ou seja, elas não seguem as normas éticas que definem o que é "bom" ou "mau". Essas entidades atuam de maneira pragmática e direta, com foco no equilíbrio energético e espiritual do praticante.
Muitos praticantes de umbanda buscam entender melhor os conceitos de esquerda e direita, mas a explicação completa dessa dinâmica é complexa. Não se trata apenas de separar as entidades com base em sua natureza, mas sim de compreender suas funções e a maneira como interagem com os diferentes aspectos espirituais e energéticos dentro da religião. Este artigo pretende abordar de forma simplificada a atuação das entidades, utilizando exemplos das linhas de trabalho para ajudar na compreensão das suas respectivas funções e atuações dentro do contexto da umbanda.
Templo de umbanda

Templo de Umbanda, Centro de umbanda ou ainda Casa de Umbanda se refere ao local onde ocorrem as reuniões dos devotos da religião umbandista bem como rituais e festas dessa religião.
O templo ou centro de Umbanda varia de acordo com suas diversas ramificações. Os compartimentos ou divisões podem ser os mesmos e ter as mesmas denominações porém terem outros usos e objetivos de acordo com a vertente de Umbanda.
No Brasil, os templos de Umbanda podem ser legalizados desde que registrem uma Ata de Constituição de Templo e um Estatuto, ambos assinados por um advogado e registrados em cartório. A partir dessa documentação, pode-se requerer o registro de um CNPJ de organização sem fins lucrativos porém necessário para o controle fiscal e financeiro da instituição.
Os templos ainda estão sujeitos a fiscalização de órgãos como a ANVISA necessários para a obtenção de alvará de funcionamento entre outras obrigações legais.
Encruzilhada (umbanda)

Encruzilhada ou encruza (o cruzamento de ruas de uma cidade), segundo a umbanda, é um lugar onde são feitas oferendas a Exu e Pomba gira. Estas oferendas tem as mais variadas funções, como proteção, prosperidade, descarrego, entre outras e são chamadas de despacho.
A encruzilhada pode ser feita em formato de X ou de cruz, a depender do tipo de despacho a ser feito. Também tem a encruzilhada em T onde são feitas as entregas para Pomba-gira.
As encruzilhadas também são chamadas de fêmea, em formato de T para Pomba-giras, macho, em formato de cruz para Exus e Exus Mirins e mista, quando pode se oferecer tanto a exu como a pomba-gira.
Banho de ervas

Os banhos de umbanda, ou banhos de ervas ou amassi são um tipo de ritual característico da umbanda, mas também praticados por pessoas de outras religiões.
Na Umbanda, fazem parte do processo de mediunidade da religião, pois seus praticantes acreditam que sejam veículos de purificação do corpo e da mente. Uma pessoa pode ter vários fluidos pesados em seu corpo, e através dos banhos estes fluidos seriam descarregados.
Os banhos de ervas são classificados em três tipos principais:
Banhos de ritual, ou banhos ritualísticos, são rituais em que são utilizados elementos da natureza de maneira ordenada, para a troca energética entre o indivíduo e a natureza, restabelecendo o equilíbrio energético físico, mental e espiritual da pessoa.
Candomblé de caboclo

Candomblé de Caboclo é todo candomblé que além do culto aos orixás, voduns ou inquices, cultua também espíritos indígenas das Américas, chamados de entidades, catiços (ou caboclos boiadeiros) e gentileiros. Não considerado uma nação especificamente, mas sim terreiros de Candomblé que adotaram o culto dessas entidades em dias diferentes do culto das divindades.
A entidade, ou caboclo, exerce um papel fundamental no relacionamento da comunidade afro brasileira, pois fala o idioma português, papel que os orixás só fazem no idioma africano, chamado iorubá, assim conquistando a popularidade dos crentes/devotos, que não entendem a língua dos orixás.
São encarregados de trazer mensagens dos seus ancestrais, principalmente de entes queridos desencarnados há pouco tempo, aconselhando os desesperados com um novo caminho, indicando banhos de folha sagrada e pequenas oferendas para resoluções dos problemas.
As oferendas de caboclo são fartas e variadas, constituídas de uma grande variedade de frutas, legumes, raízes e até mesmo doces. Um elemento indispensável é a abóbora girimum, que é recheada com fumo de rolo e mel de abelha, oferenda de galos, carneiros, peru e qualquer pássaro, são bem vindos e apreciados. A jurema é a bebida sagrada, considerada o néctar dos deuses e disputada não só pelas entidades, mas por todos os presentes.
Além dos caboclos, incorporam com espíritos que se denominam Exu (masculino) e pombagira (feminino), mas não é o Exu Orixá do Candomblé, são bem diferentes, são denominados Exu de Umbanda.
O exu catiço ou Exu de Umbanda, como é chamado o Exu não Orixá, pombagiras e afins não pertencem ao Candomblé de casas tradicionais. O que existe são zeladores (Babalorixás) que tiveram passagem pelo Candomblé de Caboclo ou pela Umbanda e depois se iniciaram no Candomblé e trouxeram consigo algumas entidades da Umbanda, mas o fato não as torna do Candomblé, pois essas entidades estão em casas de Candomblé de Caboclo, porém são Guias da Umbanda.
No Candomblé de Caboclo as entidades recebem nomes um pouco diferente da Umbanda. Além dos caboclos de pena, que usam penachos como os da Umbanda, há outros que normalmente usam um chapéu de couro, os boiadeiros.
Olokun

Olokun (Yoruba: Olókun) is an orisha spirit in Yoruba religion. Olokun is believed to be the parent of Aje, the orisha of great wealth and of the bottom of the ocean. Olokun is revered as the ruler of all bodies of water and for the authority over other water deities. Olokun is highly praised for their ability to give great wealth, health, and prosperity to their followers. Communities in both West Africa and the African diaspora view Olokun variously as female, male, or androgynous.
Water deities are "ubiquitous and vitally important in southern Nigeria"; Olókun worship is especially noted in the cities of the Yoruba and Edo people in southwest Nigeria. In West African areas directly adjacent to the coast, Olokun takes a male form among his worshipers, while in the hinterland, Olokun is a female deity.
According to Yoruba traditions about their divine dynasty, Olokun - in her female incarnation - was the senior wife of Emperor Oduduwa. Her rivalry with one of his other wives is said to have led to her manifesting the Atlantic Ocean.
In the Candomblé religion of Brazil, Olokun is venerated as the mother of Yemoja and the owner of the sea. She is recognized in Candomblé terreiros, but not during celebrations. In this respect, Olokun is similar to Odudua and Orunmilá; they held great importance in West Africa but play a minor role in Afro-Brazilian religion. There are no xirê chants dedicated to Olokun as with other orixás. Candomblé initiates recognize the divinity of Olokun but do not hold her as a personal deity. The veneration of Olokun has been revived in the late 20th and early 21st century through visits to Brazil by West African priests.
Olokun is celebrated during the Festival of Yemoja (Festa de Iemanjá).
Olokun is an orisha in the religion of Santería. Olokun is an androgynous orisha, meaning Olokun is a man and a woman, depending on if it is the Olokun of Ifá or the Olokun of Ocha.
According to The Book Of Ifá, Olokun became enraged and rose to the surface. As Olokun did this to drown the humans, the orishas went to Orunmila to ask him what to do. Orunmila told them that Ogun needed to create the longest chain he could possibly create. It was ultimately Obatala who had the responsibility of imprisoning Olokun in their domain. Knowing this, Obatala went to Ogun and asked him to make the chain and so he did. Obatala then went down into the ocean and trapped Olokun with it.
Brazilian Syncretic Religions

Brazil had a profound racial miscegenation, Brazilians have the most diverse physical characteristics. Research indicates that 44% of Brazilians have two religions. Official data from the Brazilian census indicate that 1,011,507 Brazilians have two religions or follow a syncretic religion. Because to miscegenation it is common for a person to have a father of one race and religion and a mother of another race and another religion, naturally that person can adopt the two beliefs or follow a religion that mixes the two beliefs.
Many Afro-Brazilian religions are called Macumba, but generally macumba is a vague word for any religion from Africa. Tambor de Mina is a highly syncretic religious tradition, combining cultural elements of colonial Brazil and Portuguese culture with elements of the religious culture of the first Brazilian African slaves. Candomblé is an Afro-Brazilian religion that mixes African beliefs with Catholic art and visuals. Many criticize that candomble is considered a syncretic religion, arguing that slaves needed to adopt Catholic elements so as not to be reprimanded by slave owners.
Santo Daime, is a religion founded by Raimundo Irineu Serra known as Mestre Irineu, Raimundo was a Catholic who served as a soldier in the Brazilian Amazon, during that period he had contact with indigenous cults involving the sacred ayahuasca plant, used by the natives of the Brazilian Amazon. Santo Daime is a religion that mixes Marianism with native Brazilian beliefs. Daime is an abbreviation of the Portuguese phrase 'give me love' (Dai-me Amor). The Santo Daime religion has managed to reach other countries, it is possible to consider that it is a world religion. Umbanda is a Kardecist Spiritism, Afro-Brazilian and Brazilian Shamanist religion, it emerged after a Kardecist medium Zélio Fernandino de Moraes came to accept the spirits of Natives and Blacks, Umbanda broke with traditional spiritism.
Pentecostalism in Brazil has ritualistic characteristics of Afro-Brazilian religions, it is also very popular among black Brazilians, although Pentecostals deny that there is a syncretism between criticism and Afro-Brazilian religions. One of the most popular Pentecostal churches in Brazil, the IURD (Igrja Universal do Reino de Deus), has an open relationship of syncretism with Judaism. Brazilian Jewish authorities reject this syncretism.
Playing cards in Unicode

Unicode is a computing industry standard for the handling of fonts and symbols. Within it is a set of images depicting playing cards, and another depicting the French card suits.
The Miscellaneous Symbols block contains the following, at U+2660–2667:
Unicode has code points for the 52 cards of the standard French deck plus the Knight (Ace, 2–10, Jack, Knight, Queen, and King for each suit), three for jokers (red, black, and white), and a back of a card, in block Playing Cards (U+1F0A0–1F0FF). Also, a specific fool and twenty-one generic trump cards are added. The depiction of these trump cards in most supporting fonts is based on the Bourgeois Tarot.
Four Knights of the Tarot deck are in block Playing Cards (U+1F0A0–1F0FF). A specific white joker, a fool, and twenty-one generic trump cards were added to the Playing Cards block in Unicode 7.0 with the reference description being not the Italian-suited Tarot de Marseille or its derivatives (which are often used in cartomancy) but the French Tarot Nouveau used to play Jeu de tarot, which is used for divination less frequently.
The Playing Cards block contains one emoji: U+1F0CF 🃏 PLAYING CARD BLACK JOKER.
The emoji presentation sequences refine and colorize the text presentation of the playing card suits. ♠︎♥︎♦︎♣︎ becomes ♠️♥️♦️♣️. This was done by appending the U+FE0F code point to the textual code points shown far above. For example, the black heart suit &#x2665; becomes the red heart emoji by &#x2665;&#xFE0F;. Conversely, the black heart suit can be coerced by appending U+FE0E with &#x2665;&#xFE0E;. These hold for each suit.
There is an emoji for Japanese hanafuda (flower playing cards): U+1F3B4 🎴 FLOWER PLAYING CARDS. The emoji can stand for any hanafuda card but it is usually depicted as the Moon card specifically.
Crème de cassis

Crème de cassis (French pronunciation: [kʁɛm də kasis]) (also known as cassis liqueur) is a sweet, dark red liqueur made from blackcurrants.
Several cocktails are made with crème de cassis, notably the popular wine cocktail kir and its sparkling variant, the kir royal. Other cocktails that use it include the original tequila sunrise and the El Diabolo, a tequila buck.
It may also be served as an after-dinner liqueur or as a frappé.
It is made from blackcurrants that are crushed and soaked in alcohol, with sugar subsequently added.
The quality of crème de cassis depends upon the variety of fruit used, the content of the berries, and the production process.
The modern version of the beverage first appeared in 1841, when it displaced "ratafia de cassis", which had been produced in prior centuries.
While crème de cassis is a specialty of Burgundy, it is also made in Anjou, England, Luxembourg, Alberta, Quebec, Vermont and Tasmania.
In 1979, Germany attempted to restrict the import based on the alcohol content being too low. The Europe Court of Justice found this to be a breach of trade, in Rewe-Zentral AG v Bundesmonopolverwaltung für Branntwein.
In 2015, the new protected geographical indication (PGI) "Crème de Cassis de Bourgogne" was approved. Promoted by a syndicate of fruit producers and liqueurs companies from Burgundy, this "Crème de Cassis de Bourgogne" guarantees the Burgundian origin and the minimum quantity of berries used in its production, essentially the variety Noir de Bourgogne. If the berries come specifically from Dijon, the capital of Burgundy, the label may say "Crème de Cassis de Dijon" instead.
Nearly 16 million litres (4.2 million US gallons) of crème de cassis are produced annually in France. It is consumed mostly in France but is also exported.
Kir (cocktail)

Kir is a French cocktail made with a measure of crème de cassis (blackcurrant liqueur) topped up with white wine.
In France it is usually drunk as an apéritif before a meal or snack. Originally made with Bourgogne Aligoté, a Burgundy white wine, today it is made with various white wines throughout France, according to the region and the barkeeper. Many prefer a white Chardonnay-based Burgundy, such as Chablis.
Formerly known as blanc-cassis, the beverage is now named after Félix Kir (1876–1968), mayor of Dijon in Burgundy. Kir was a pioneer of the twinning movement in the aftermath of the Second World War, and popularized the drink by offering it at receptions to visiting delegations. Besides treating his international guests well, he was also promoting two economic products of the region. Kir allowed one of Dijon's producers of crème de cassis to use his name, then extended the right to their competitors as well. According to Rolland (2004), the reinvention of blanc-cassis (post-1945) was necessitated by the German Army's confiscation of all the local red Burgundy during the war. Faced with an excess of white wine, Kir renovated a drink that used to be made primarily with red.
Following the commercial development of crème de cassis in 1841, the cocktail became popular in regional cafés, but has since become inextricably linked internationally with the name of Mayor Kir. When ordering a Kir, waiters in France sometimes ask whether the customer wants it made with crème de cassis, de mûre (blackberry), de pêche (peach), or framboise (raspberry).
The International Bartenders Association gives a recipe using 1/10 crème de cassis, though French sources typically specify about 1/5. Meanwhile, 19th-century recipes for blanc-cassis recommended 1/3 crème de cassis, which modern tastes would find cloyingly sweet. Replacing the crème de cassis with blackcurrant syrup is discouraged.
Besides the basic Kir, a number of variations exist:
Creme de papaya

Creme de papaya (Crème de Papaia), also known as papaya mousse, is a Brazilian dessert. It was a culinary fad in São Paulo in the 1990s, and became a popular menu item at top restaurants in the city.
It consists of papaya blended with vanilla ice cream. Crème de cassis is usually added, but a non-alcoholic blackcurrant syrup can be substituted. It is common to blend the papaya and ice cream, then put into serving dish and pour about an ounce of creme de cassis on the top.
Crème liqueur

A crème liqueur is a liqueur that has a great deal of additional sugar added to the point that it has a near-syrup consistency. Unlike cream liqueurs, crème liqueurs include no cream in their ingredients. "Crème" in this case refers to the consistency. This category includes crème de cacao (chocolate), crème de menthe (mint), crème de mûre (blackberry), and crème de cassis (black currant).
Aruanda

Aruanda or Aluanda is a concept present in Afro-Brazilian religions, especially in Umbanda, as well as in Brazilian Spiritism. It describes a place in the spirit world, which varies greatly according to the religious current, but which could generally be equated with a kind of spiritual colony.
It is often understood as a spiritual citadel that would orbit the ionosphere of planet Earth.
Despite the abundant literature, Umbanda is not considered a codified religion. For this reason, the term Aruanda may have several meanings, depending on the terreiro, or spiritualist center in which it is mentioned. It is even used by other spiritualistic religions such as Quimbanda and Candomblé, in generic reference to "spiritual plane", the place where the higher "guides" would live.
For the traditional Umbanda, founded in 1908 by the Caboclo das Sete Encruzilhadas, the inhabitants of Aruanda are working spirits of goodness and charity, newly disembodied in learning, and light spirits who have not been returning to the physical realm for a long time. These spiritual guides, despite their spiritual evolution, remain in the vibrating dimension of Aruanda to continue assisting the incarnate and discarnate, manifesting on Earth under the fluidic clothing (in spiritual typology) of old blacks, caboclos and children. Its true forms, however, transcend race, creed, or ethnicity, and their manifestation is possible in any congregation that practices the love-charity binomial and admits spiritual communication.
For Spiritism (codified by Allan Kardec), Aruanda would be the denomination of a spiritual colony, similar to the Nosso Lar colony, described in the book Nosso Lar (Our Home), by André Luiz (spirit), psychographed by the Brazilian medium Chico Xavier. In Aruanda, however, magical elements of African culture would be present, in syncretism with symbolisms of Judeo-Christian culture.
25 Años de Paz (Málaga)

25 Años de Paz es un barrio perteneciente al distrito Carretera de Cádiz de la ciudad andaluza de Málaga, España. Según la delimitación oficial del ayuntamiento, limita al noroeste con el barrio de Regio; al norte con el barrio de Alaska; al nordeste y al este, con Huelin; al sureste, con Torres de la Serna; al sur con Tabacalera; y al oeste con Girón.​
La barriada de 25 Años de Paz fue construida en el año 1965 por la Delegación Nacional de Sindicatos, perteneciente a la obra social del Gobierno del general Franco, por lo que es uno de los barrios de pisos más antiguos de Málaga. Su nombre conmemora el 25 aniversario de la victoria del bando franquista en la guerra civil española, fecha que se había alcanzado tan solo un año antes, en 1964.
Durante varias décadas, los pisos que forman el grueso del barrio tuvieron un color blanco en su exterior, pero el paso del tiempo deterioró sus fachadas e instalaciones interiores. A finales de los 90, los vecinos lograron que la Consejería de Obras Públicas de la Junta de Andalucía rehabilitara todo el conjunto, arreglando los bajantes de todos los bloques, las instalaciones eléctricas, el agua y el saneamiento.
Se hizo muy conocido en la década de los 80' cuando un 6 de abril de 1987, desapareció misteriosamente David Guerrero Guevara, el niño pintor de Malaga.
El barrio está compuesto por la urbanización homónima y dos manzanas de viviendas situadas entre dicha urbanización y la avenida de la Paloma, que forman parte del conjunto de Girón y por lo tanto gozan de protección arquitectónica a nivel municipal, además de un centro de enseñanza situado frente a la avenida Princesa. La urbanización 25 Años de Paz se compone de 25 bloques de planta de H dispuestos en tres grupos alrededor de un eje viario en forma de L. Todos los bloques son idénticos entre sí, con una altura de cuatro plantas más bajo. La urbanización fue construida en 1965 y recibe su nombre en conmemoración del 25 aniversario de la victoria del bando franquista en la guerra civil española. Los nombres de las calles también conmemoran a destacados militares franquistas de la División Azul, como Comandante Román, Sargento Crooke López, Sargento García Noblejas, etc.​
El barrio está conectado a la línea 2 del metro de Málaga a través de la estación de Princesa-Huelin, ubicada en la conflluencia de la calle Princesa y la avenida Juan XXIII con la calle Héroe de Sostoa. En autobús queda conectado mediante las siguientes líneas de la EMT:
Y las siguientes líneas interurbanas adscritas al Consorcio de Transporte Metropolitano del Área de Málaga: