davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Roddy Doyle

Scríbhneoir is drámadóir Éireannach is ea Roddy Doyle (Ruaidhrí Ó Dúill) a rugadh i gCill Bharróg, Baile Átha Cliath, 8 Bealtaine 1958.
Tógadh i gCill Bharróg é. Bhain sé amach céim i mBéarla agus tíreolaíocht i gColáiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath.
Chaith sé tréimhse fada ag múineadh sular luigh sé isteach go lánaimseartha leis an scríbhneoireacht sa bhliain 1993.
Rinneadh scannáin de chuid dá úrscéalta. Bhain sé an Booker Prize sa bhliain 1993.
Tá cónaí air i mBaile Átha Cliath lena bhean chéile Belinda agus tá triúr clainne orthu.
Eagraíocht é Fighting Words a bhunaigh Roddy Doyle agus Sean Love i mBaile Átha Cliath sa bhliain 2010 chun an scríbhneoireacht chruthaitheach a spreagadh i measc páistí agus daoine óga faoi mhíbhuntáiste.
Cuireann an cumann ceardlanna ar fáil anois do dhaoine ó gach cineál cúlra.
Cuireadh tús sa bhliain 2019 le Fighting Words i gConamara.
Tá leabhar leis, ‘Deireadh Seachtaine Craiceailte’ (‘Mad Weekend ’) le fáil as Gaeilge.
Thomas Merton

Bunainm an tAthair M. Louis ab ea Thomas Merton (31 Eanáir 1915 - 10 Nollaig 1968), manach Caitliceach, file agus scríbhneoir bisiúil a thrácht ar chúrsaí spioradálta agus sóisialta; duine de mhórscríbhneoirí Caitliceacha Mheiriceá Thuaidh sa 20ú haois. An 31 Eanáir 1915 in Prades na Fraince a rugadh, an 10 Nollaig 1968 i mBancác na Téalainne a fuair bás.
Péintéir as an Nua-Shéalainn a bhí ina athair, Owen Merton, agus ball de Chumann na gCairde as Meiriceá a bhí ina mháthair, Ruth Jenkins.
Baisteadh Thomas Merton ina bhall d'Eaglais Shasana. Bhásaigh a mháthair nuair a bhí sé 6 bliana d'aois. San Fhrainc agus i Sasana a cuireadh bunoideachas air.
Tar éis dó bliain a chaitheamh in Ollscoil Cambridge, d’fhreastail sé ar Ollscoil Columbia i gCathair Nua-Eabhrac, áit ar ghnóthaigh sé céim B.A. (1938) agus céim M.A. (1939). D'iompaigh sé ina Chaitliceach sa bhliain 1938.
Tar éis dó bliain a chaitheamh ag múineadh Béarla in Ollscoil Columbia (1938-39) agus in ollscoil Bonaventure (1939-41) gar do Olean, Nua-Eabhrac, chuaigh sé isteach i Mainistir Thrapach Ghéatséamini láimh le Louisville, Kentucky. Rinneadh sagart de sa bhliain 1949.
Cailleadh é agus é in aois a 53 bliain le linn comhdhála ar an manachas sa Téalainn nuair a leictreamharaíodh de thaisme é agus é ag teacht amach as an bhfolcadán.
Scríobh Merton os cionn 60 leabhar agus na scórtha aistí. Cnuasaigh filíochta a bhí ar an gcéad saothar dá chuid a foilsíodh, mar atá Thirty Poems (1944), A Man in the Divided Sea (1946), agus Figures for an Apocalypse (1948). I ndiaidh fhoilsiú The Seven Storey Mountain (1948) thuill sé clú idirnáisiúnta dó féin.
Ábhar spioradálta amháin atá sa chéad saothair óna pheann, ach ó thús na 1960í i leith bhí téamaí sóisialta le sonrú ina chuid scríbhneoireachta agus ina shaothair dheireanacha is léir go raibh léargas ar fhealsúnacht na hÁise agus ar an misteachas aige, tréith neamhchoitianta ag an uair sin i scríbhneoir ón Iarthar.
I 1969, an bhliain tar éis a bháis, foilsíodh My Argument with the Gestapo, saothar a scríobh sé i 1949 agus arb é an t-aon úrscéal leis.
Saothair eile leis is ea The Waters of Siloe (1949), stair na dTrapach; Seeds of Contemplation (1949); The Living Bread, tráchtas ar an Eocairist; agus roinnt foilseachán eile a foilsíodh i ndiaidh a bháis, mar atá cnuasach aistí dar teideal Contemplation in a World of Action (1971), agus The Asian Journal of Thomas Merton (1973).
Foilsíodh seacht imleabhar dá dhialanna príobháideacha agus roinnt imleabhar dá litreacha chomh maith.
D’aistríodh dán dar teideal Sa Chiúnas (den díolaim Guthanna Beannaithe an Domhain).
Barm

Barm, also called ale yeast, is the foam or scum formed on the top of a fermenting liquid, such as beer, wine, or feedstock for spirits or industrial ethanol distillation. It is used to leaven bread, or set up fermentation in a new batch of liquor. Barm, as a leaven, has also been made from ground millet combined with must out of wine-tubs and is sometimes used in English baking as a synonym for a natural leaven (sourdough). Various cultures derived from barm, usually Saccharomyces cerevisiae, became ancestral to most forms of brewer's yeast and baker's yeast currently on the market.
A barm cake is a soft, round, flattish bread roll from North West England, traditionally leavened with barm. In Ireland, barm is used in the traditional production of barmbrack, a fruited bread.
Emptins, a homemade product similar to barm and usually made from hops or potatoes and the dregs of cider or ale casks, was a common leavener for those living in rural areas far from a brewery, distillery, or bakery from which they could source barm or yeast.
Crumble

A crumble (British English) or crisp (American English) is typically a dessert with a crumbly topping consisting of flour, butter, sugar, and sometimes oats, baked over a fruit filling. Apple and rhubarb are two popular varieties. Savoury fillings such as meat, cheese or vegetables may alternatively be used. As a dessert, crumbles are traditionally served with custard, cream, or ice cream.
An apple crumble recipe involving a simple streusel topping appeared in the Canadian Farmer's Magazine in February 1917. British chef and food writer Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall describes crumbles as a "national institution" that became popular in Britain since World War II, the topping being easier to prepare than pastry. Crumbles in varying forms are common in Britain, Ireland, and across the Commonwealth of Nations. While the dish is also found in the US, the most common variant is known as an "apple crisp" in American English.
Raisin bread

Raisin bread or fruit bread (also known as fruit toast or raisin toast in New Zealand and Australia) is a type of bread made with raisins and flavored with cinnamon. It is "usually a white flour or egg dough bread". Aside from white flour, raisin bread is also made with other flours, such as all-purpose flour, oat flour, or whole wheat flour. Some recipes include honey, brown sugar, eggs, or butter. Variations of the recipe include the addition of walnuts, hazelnuts, pecans or, for a dessert, rum or whisky.
Raisin bread is eaten in many different forms, including being served toasted for breakfast ("raisin toast") or made into sandwiches. Some restaurants serve raisin bread with their cheeseboards.
Its invention has been popularly incorrectly attributed to Henry David Thoreau in Concord, Massachusetts lore, as there have been published recipes for bread with raisins since 1671. Since the 15th century, breads made with raisins were made in Europe. In Germany stollen was a Christmas bread. Kulich was an Easter bread made in Russia and panettone was made in Italy. The earliest citation for "raisin bread" in the Oxford English Dictionary is dated to an 1845 article in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine. In England, raisin bread became a common element of high tea from the second half of the 19th century. In the 1920s, raisin bread was advertised as "The Bread Of Iron", due to the high iron content of the raisins. The bread became increasingly popular among English bakers in the 1960s.
European versions of raisin bread include the Estonian "kringel" and the Slovakian "vianočka" and "stafidopsomo" in Greece. A similar food is raisin challah, a traditional Jewish food for Shabbat and holidays. It has been suggested that Garibaldi biscuits were based on a raisin bread that was eaten by the troops of Italian general Giuseppe Garibaldi.
In Australia and New Zealand, buttered raisin toast is common for breakfast.
The United States Code of Federal Regulations specifies standards that raisin bread produced in the country must meet. This includes a requirement for the weight of the raisins to be equal to 50% of the weight of flour used. Raisin bread is one of five types of bread for which federal standards have been outlined.
The ways in which individual raisins move during rising and baking of the bread is often used as an analogy to explain the expansion of the universe.
Pain aux raisins

Pain aux raisins (French pronunciation: [pɛ̃ o ʁɛzɛ̃] ), also called escargot (pronounced [ɛskaʁɡo] ) or pain russe, is a spiral pastry often eaten for breakfast in France. Its names translate as "raisin bread", "snail" and "Russian bread" respectively. It is a member of the pâtisserie viennoise family of baked foods.
In France, it is typically a variant of the croissant or pain au chocolat, made with a leavened butter pastry with raisins added and shaped in a spiral with a crème pâtissière filling. However, in many areas of Northern Europe and North America, it is generally made with sweetened bread dough or brioche dough, rather than pastry. It is often consumed for breakfast as part of a continental breakfast.
In Paris, the name pain aux raisins is also used for a type of raisin bread – a loaf of bread made from wheat or rye and stuffed with raisins.
Bread pan

A bread pan, also called a loaf pan, is a kitchen utensil in the form of a container in which bread is baked. Its function is to shape bread while it is rising during baking. The most common shape of the bread pan is the loaf, or narrow rectangle, a convenient form that enables uniform slicing. The bread pan is made from a conductive material such as metal which might be treated with a non-stick coating. It can also be made of heat-resistant glass, ceramic, or a special type of paper that sticks to the dough but is easily removed, once cooked. Bread pans are found in a variety of designs and sizes providing the baker with different possibilities not only for baking bread, but also cakes and puddings.
Types of bread typically baked in bread pans include sandwich breads, brioche, challah, and raisin bread.
Raisin cake

Raisin cake is a type of cake that is prepared using raisins as a main ingredient. Additional ingredients are sometimes used, such as chocolate and rum. Raisin cake dates back to at least the time of the reign of David, circa 1010–970 BCE. Boiled raisin cake is prepared by boiling various ingredients and then baking the mix in an oven. It dates back to at least the time of the American Civil War (1861–1865).
Raisin cake is typically prepared using standard cake ingredients and raisins as a primary ingredient. Whole or chopped raisins can be used. Additional various ingredients are also sometimes used, such as rum, chocolate, and others. The use of rum can serve to plump-up the raisins via the added moisture, and the raisins can be marinated in rum before the cake is prepared. Spices such as cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves and pumpkin spice are sometimes used.
It is stated in chapter 6:19 in the second Book of Samuel that cake (identified as "raisin cake" in Hosea 3:1) was distributed by David, who reigned as the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah c. 1010–970 BCE. This raisin cake consisted of "a mass of dried grapes".
Some recipes in the United States circa the early 1900s utilized lard as an ingredient, which could be used instead of butter.
Boiled raisin cake is a type of raisin cake whereby various ingredients are first boiled, after which the batter is placed in cake pans then baked. It is sometimes prepared with the omission of some standard cake ingredients, such as butter, eggs or milk. Boiled raisin cake may have a moist consistency. The cake dates back to the time of the American Civil War (1861–1865), when it was prepared in frontier areas using the Dutch oven. Basic versions during this time were typically prepared using only raisins, sugar and a fat, such as vegetable shortening or lard. Boiled raisin cake has been referred to as a type of war cake.
Kletzenbrot

Kletzenbrot is a sweet bread with dried fruits, especially dried pears (called Kletzen in Austrian German) made for the Advent season in some Christian countries, notably associated with the Austrian state of Tyrol, and sometimes called Tyrolean Dried Fruit Bread. Modern varieties are usually made with dried fruits and nuts like walnuts, raisins, currants, dried apples, figs and prunes. Most recipes add spices like cinnamon, cloves, anise, nutmeg, and rum for extra flavor. There are many possible varieties of the loaf, which is sometimes made with rye flour for a dark brown loaf, but can also be made with whole wheat flour. The flour can either be just incorporated in the dough with the dried fruit or it can be used to make an extra dough coating.
Modern recipes are not limited to the traditional dried pears but include an assortment of nuts and dried fruits like raisins, currants, dates, prunes and figs. It's a quickbread made by adding sodium bicarbonate and buttermilk to the sifted dry ingredients, then folding in any chopped nuts or dried fruits. It is often decorated with blanched almonds.
Rummer

A rummer (also known as a Römer or Roemer, among other variations) was a type of large drinking glass studded with prunts to ensure a safe grip, popular mainly in the Rhineland and the Netherlands from the 15th through the 17th century. Rummers lacked the flared bowl of the Berkemeyer and had much thinner walls. The hollow base was built up by coiling strands of molten glass around a conical core. Römers were quite distinct from the Berkemeyers, but both types evolved from the German "cabbage stalk" glasses which were cylindrical with prunts. Römers are usually green in colour and with Berkemeyers were sometimes engraved with images and inscriptions.
From as early as the third century AD, skilled glass workers along the Rhine were producing work of great artistic merit. Excavations at Worms, Trier, Cologne, and in the Eifel revealed glass factories that were probably Roman in origin—indeed, Römer is German for 'Roman'. Ancient Rhenish graves have yielded gilt-decorated bowls and beakers which were made using the fondo d'oro ('base of gold') process in which the design is etched into a layer of gold on the glass surface, and then covered by more glass. These techniques persisted to the fifth century, mythical and biblical themes enjoying great popularity. Out of this era grew that hallmark of German glass, the prunt, a design feature which is still found fifteen centuries later.
The word Roemer was anglicised to become rummer, and English variants were widely produced from the late 18th century and throughout the 19th. Many Victorian rummers were engraved with both personal tributes and masonic symbols. Of all antique stemwares these are possibly the most usable, there are still some specialist dealers in the UK.
Brennans Bread

Brennans Bread is an Irish bread-making company founded in 1972 by Joseph A. Brennan. It is one of the largest bakeries in Ireland.
Joseph A. Brennan began baking loaves of white bread in 1972, in a single room bakery on Fumbally Lane in The Liberties, Dublin. Initially, the business served the Dublin area, before expanding nationwide and internationally. When the business outgrew its Fumbally Lane premises, it moved to its current location in the Greenhills Industrial Estate in Walkinstown, Dublin.
Joseph A. Brennan, died on 26 May 2024. The business continues to be owned and operated by the Brennan family.
The business's slogan is "Today's Bread Today", referencing the fact that its bread is baked fresh every day.
The business's radio and television advertisements typically feature a narrator, speaking in a strong Dublin accent, recounting conversations he has had with "Old Mr. Brennan", referencing the business's founder and face of the company, Joseph Brennan.
The business markets itself as a "national treasure" by associating its bread with Irish culture and as a product missed by Irish emigrants, and in 2023 collaborated with an Irish brewery Wicklow Wolf to produce a Brennans Bread beer. Brennans Bread consistently features in the top five of surveys of Ireland's most-loved brands.
Tekle Haymanot

Tekle Haymanot au Takla Haymanot (kwa Kige'ez ተክለ ሃይማኖት takla hāymānōt, kwa Kiamhara tekle hāymānōt, "Mti wa Imani"; Bulga, Shewa, 1215 hivi - Debre Libanos, 1313 hivi) alikuwa mmonaki wa Ethiopia aliyeanzisha monasteri muhimu (Debre Libanos) katika mkoa wake asili, Shewa.
Tangu kale anaheshimiwa kama mtakatifu na Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki lakini pia na Wakatoliki
Sikukuu yake huadhimishwa tarehe 17 Agosti, lakini katika Kalenda ya Kiethiopia tarehe 24 ya kila mwezi ni kwa heshima ya Tekle Haymanot.
Nkanu East

Nkanu East is a Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Its headquarter is located in the town of Amagunze.
Communities in Nkanu East Local Government Area include Nara Unateze, Nomeh Unateze, Akpawfu, Ugbawka, Nkerefi, Mburubu, Owo, Ubahu, Amaechi Idodo, Ama Nkanu, Oruku, Amagunze and Ihuokpara. Ihuokpara, as one of the most prominent towns in Nkanu-East has an ancient history that cannot be ignored when Nkanu and widely, Enugu State is discussed.
Akpawfu village is famous for it traditional masquerade (omaba), special palm wine tapping (akwuru Akpawfu), all type of palm produce (palm oil, nut and cannel) and farming. The LGA is also rich in trading.
Nkerefi borders the council area with Ohaozara community of Ebonyi. The community claims to be the largest community by land mass in the council area. They are prominent with rice and cassava farming.
The local Council, that was formed around 1983 has not advanced the area very much in terms of basic amenities like good road network, electricity, hospitals, modern housing and schools.
It has an area of 795 km and a population of 148,774 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 402.
Palm syrup

Palm syrup (Spanish: Miel de palma, lit. 'palm honey') is an edible sweet syrup produced from the sap of a number of palms. It is produced in the Canary Islands and coastal regions of South America.
In the Canary Islands, palm syrup is produced from the Canary Island date palm (Phoenix canariensis). In Chile, palm syrup is produced from the endangered Chilean wine palm (Jubaea chilensis). Other species used include the coconut palm, sugar palm, and palmyra palm.
Most guarapo and miel de palma production occurs in the municipality of Vallehermoso on La Gomera. The process of collecting sap from the palm and concentrating it into syrup is similar in many ways to the process used for maple syrup.
The sap, known as guarapo or garapa, is collected from a bowl-shaped depression cut into the crown of the tree. As guarapo spoils quickly in sunlight, the harvesting is done overnight. Every evening during the harvesting season, the guarapero (farmer) prepares each tree. He climbs to the top of the tree, often using a ladder, uses a sharp knife or chisel to trim the bowl to remove surface crust and open the pores, and hoists a bucket into place beneath a pipe or channel leading from the bowl. Early the next morning, he returns and collects the filled buckets, containing ten or more litres from each tree.
The harvested guarapo is then brought to, or collected by, a local processing plant, or may be processed on site. Processing involves boiling the sap for several hours until it is reduced by about 90% to a dark brown syrup that is rich and sweet. It is then packaged, typically in glass jars. Palm syrup tends to thicken and crystallize over time.
After about four to five months of being harvested every day, during the period January to June, a tree needs five years to recuperate before it is used again.
Palm syrup is used to accompany many pastries and desserts, such as pancakes and ice cream. The syrup is widely used in Southeast Asian cooking. In West Bengal, where it is known as jhola gur, it is only obtainable in winter.
Its sweetness tempers the flavours of spicy curries, adding its rich, molasses-like flavour to the food. It is also widely used as an ingredient in desserts, or drizzled over prepared foods.
Palm sap is a refreshing drink, and fermented palm syrup is distilled to produce various alcohols such as arrack, a spirit similar to rum. On La Gomera, the palm honey obtained from the sap is mixed with parra (similar to grappa) to produce Gomerón.
Palm syrup is also traditionally used on La Gomera for general medicinal purposes.
Bekwarra

Bekwarra is a Local Government Area in northern Cross River State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is Abuochiche (or Abuo Chiche); a town on the A4 highway. Other towns in the LGA are Abuagbor-Iye, Nyanya-Ulim, Nyanya-Idigwe, Gakem, Itekpa, Ugboro, Ibiragidi, Utukwe, Afrike and Ukpah, ijibor, Beten, Ugboro, Anyikang, Ebegang, Utukpuru, Ebewo, and others.
It has an area of 306 square kilometres (118 sq mi), and had a population of 105,822 as of the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 550. The major occupation of the Bekwarra people is farming, Groundnut trading, trading, hunting and tapping of palm wine. It is known for the production of groundnut. Other crops grown in the locality include rice, maize, yam, cassava, pineapple, plantain and banana.
The term “Bekwarra” is applied to the particular ethnic group, and local authorities and individuals refer to it as Bekwarra. The words 'Bekworrra' and 'Bekworrah' are still spelled out, but Bekwarra has been widely accepted because of its great consistency with the vocal system used by fellows of the ethnic group and its better suitability to the people of Bekwarra during the pre-colonial era.
They reside in the northern portion of Ogoja province, in the Eastern part of Nigeria, with attached borderline to the Northern part of Nigeria. They dwell in a region at a little greater than 100 square miles and its western boundary at a distance of few miles in the Eastern part of Ogoja town. There are limited residential associates of other ethnic groups within this area and they appear to be a very high point of dialectal equality.
Cross River State has 18 Local government
Jubaea

Jubaea is a genus of palms with one species, Jubaea chilensis, commonly known in English as the Chilean wine palm or Chile cocopalm, and palma chilena in Spanish. It is native to southwestern South America and is endemic to a small area of central Chile between 32°S and 35°S in southern Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Santiago, O'Higgins, and northern Maule regions.
The extinct palm tree of Easter Island belonged to this genus as well. In 1991, the Easter Island palm was placed in its own genus, Paschalococos. However, this has not been widely accepted.
In its area of natural distribution, young Jubaeas tend to grow near adult specimens, preferring also sunny and vegetated sites.
The thickest well-documented Jubaea was on the estate of J. Harrison Wright in Riverside, California. Its diameter "at shoulder height" was 66 inches (1.7 m). The largest of several specimens at the Adelaide (South Australia) Botanic Garden in 1889 was stated to be 6 feet (1.8 m) thick at the base. A hollow (but living) Jubaea in the Ocoa Valley near La Campana National Park, Chile, is 6 to 7 feet (1.8 to 2.1 m) thick at its base, with no apparent taper in the lower trunk. The largest individual specimen of indoor plant in the world was the Jubaea chilensis at Kew Gardens, which was cut off by staff in 2014 because it grew to the top of its greenhouse. Of the more than 2,600 known species of palms, Jubaea chilensis is the second most massive, exceeded only by the floodplain or river bottom variety of Borassus aethiopum.
The leaves can be used to weave baskets, and it has edible seeds, widely eaten and known as Coquito nuts. The sap can be used to make palm wine and palm syrup, although unlike other palms which can be tapped, the whole tree has to be felled; this is now restricted by legal protection.
The species is partially protected within Chile, although pressures of human population growth and expansion of grazing areas have reduced the population of the Chilean wine palm in recent centuries. The collection of its seed and their predation by common degu may also have a negative impact for the growth of new generations of Jubea. The IUCN Red List considers the palm Endangered.
A recent study concluded that predation of the fruits by humans, the seeds by the exotic rat (Rattus rattus) and the young seedlings by exotic rabbits is leading to seed dispersal collapse of this species, leaving it at risk of extinction in its natural habitat.
Charles Darwin examined these trees on visiting Chile in 1832 on the second voyage of HMS Beagle and noted:
In 1843, a specimen was grown from seed at Kew Gardens, London, England, and was moved into the Temperate House in 1863, eventually growing to 19 metres (62 ft). It was believed to be the world's tallest indoor plant, until it had to be felled in 2013 because it had outgrown the space available and could not be moved. It has been replaced by seedlings from the original tree.
Igreja Nossa Senhora de Fátima

A Igreja Nossa Senhora de Fátima, também conhecida como Igrejinha da 307/308 Sul, foi o primeiro templo católico em alvenaria a ser erguido em Brasília, inaugurado em 28 de junho de 1958.
Após a pedra fundamental em 26 de outubro de 1957, a igreja foi construída em cem dias, com o objetivo de pagar uma promessa da primeira-dama Sarah Kubitschek, feita em agradecimento pela cura sua filha Márcia.
A capela foi projetada por Oscar Niemeyer, com projeto estrutural de Joaquim Cardozo. Sua arquitetura simples parte de três pilares que sustentam uma laje triangular inclinada que faz referência a um chapéu de freiras. Em sua fachada encontram-se azulejos de Athos Bulcão. Os afrescos com bandeirolas e anjos de Alfredo Volpi, foram cobertos por tinta azul em uma reforma ocorrida na década de 1960.
A nave da igreja é composta por uma parede única curva em forma de "U" que serve de sustentação para a laje de concreto armado. No fundo do "U" forma-se uma sacristia secreta com a sobreposição de uma semi parede reta.
Na parte externa, a parede é toda revestida por azulejos criados por Athos Bulcão. Esse é o único painel de Athos com estampa figurativa: a Estrela de Belém, que guiou os Reis Magos até o Menino Jesus e a Pomba, que representa o Espírito Santo.
Internamente, até 1964, as paredes eram decoradas com afrescos de Alfredo Volpi, as pinturas traziam imagens de bandeirinhas e uma santa segurando uma criança no altar (ambos sem feições nos rostos), mas essas pinturas foram cobertas.
Em 2009, Francisco Galeno, que foi aluno de Volpi, foi convidado para fazer novas pinturas no interior da igreja. Bebendo na mesma fonte do mestre, Galeno utilizou de elementos da cultura popular, como carretéis de linha e pipas e bandeirinhas, além de uma Nossa Senhora no altar. O artista também utilizou o azul, cor marcante em sua obra e cor atribuída a Nossa Senhora de Fátima. Segundo Galeno, elementos como os carretéis remetem ao universo feminino e os brinquedos, aos três pastorinhos que tiveram a visão em Fátima.
A data de inauguração da capela foi remarcada por três vezes: 03/05/1958, para coincidir com a data de comemoração de um ano da primeira missa celebrada em Brasília, mas a obra atrasou, sendo remarcada para 13/05 do mesmo ano e novamente não foi possível, por fim, marcada para o dia 28/06, data em que finalmente foi inaugurada.
Na Cerimônia de inauguração Dona Sarah Kubitschek descerrou a placa comemorativa, que está até hoje na igreja com os seguintes dizeres: "Este Santuário, primeiro de Brasília, foi por mandado erigir em honra a N. S. de Fátima, por iniciativa da Sra. Sarah Kubitschek em cumprimento de uma promessa". Dom Armando Lombardi deu a bênção inaugural.
Maria Regina Pinheiro e (filha de Israel Pinheiro de Dona Coary) se casou com Hindenburgo Chateaubriand Diniz logo após na sequência da solenidade de inauguração, sendo o primeiro evento da Igreja Nossa Senhora de Fátima. Dona Sarah e Juscelino foram padrinhos no enlace matrimonial.
Igreja de Nossa Senhora de Fátima e Santa Filomena

A Igreja de Nossa Senhora de Fátima e Santa Filomena foi construída em 1879 e próxima a estrada geral da Praia Comprida, na entrada da antiga estrada que levava a Colônia Santana e São Pedro de Alcântara. A Igreja (ou Capela) de Nossa Senhora de Fátima e Santa Filomena é o quarto templo religioso mais antigo da cidade de São José, em Santa Catarina.
Construída de tijolos, pedra e cal, tem dimensões pequenas e planta de nave única. Abriga belíssima imagem esculpida em madeira de Santa Filomena trazida da Itália. A devoção a Santa Filomena é muito comum em comunidades de origem germânica, como é o caso da comunidade de Santa Filomena em São Pedro de Alcântara. Por isso podemos dizer que provavelmente a construção desta capela deve ter-se dado pelos imigrantes alemães que durante o século XIX se estabeleceram com casas de comércio na região da Praia Comprida.
Atualmente poucos são os cultos realizados no templo. No seu lado direito foi construído um anexo que serve de salão de festas. Anualmente realizava-se nos arredores dessa Igreja a Festa de Santa Filomena.
Basílica Nossa Senhora do Rosário de Fátima (Cotia)

A Basílica Nossa Senhora do Rosário de Fátima é um templo católico localizado na divisão entre os municípios brasileiros de Cotia e Embu das Artes, estado de São Paulo, na jurisdição da Diocese de Campo Limpo.
O cuidado pastoral da Basílica está ao encargo da Sociedade Clerical de Vida Apostólica Virgo Flos Carmeli, dos Arautos do Evangelho.
Em 2004, por iniciativa do monsenhor João Scognamiglio Clá Dias, fundador dos Arautos do Evangelho e idealizador da obra, ocorreu a bênção e lançamento da pedra fundamental, iniciando assim as obras.
No dia 11 de maio de 2014 foi solenemente dedicada por Dom Luís Antônio Guedes, então bispo de Campo Limpo. Sendo que nesta mesma celebração estiveram presentes outros dois prelados: Dom Emilio Pignoli e Dom Benedito Beni dos Santos; além de centenas de fiéis provenientes das mais variadas regiões de São Paulo e do Brasil.
No dia 31 de maio do mesmo ano esta Igreja foi elevada pela Santa Sé à categoria de basílica menor.
Os sinos foram inaugurados no dia 25 de janeiro de 2015, primeira vez em que os sinos franceses “Fonderie Paccard” foram instalados no Brasil.
Vanguarda russa

A vanguarda russa foi uma grande e influente onda de arte moderna de vanguarda que floresceu no Império Russo e na União Soviética, aproximadamente de 1890 a 1930 - embora alguns tenham colocado seu início em 1850 e seu fim em 1960. O termo abrange muitos movimentos artísticos separados, mas inextricavelmente relacionados, que floresceram na época; incluindo Suprematismo, Construtivismo, Futurismo Russo, Cubo-Futurismo, Zaum e Neo-primitivismo. Muitos dos artistas que nasceram, cresceram ou foram ativos no que hoje é a Bielo-Rússia e a Ucrânia (incluindo Kazimir Malevich, Aleksandra Ekster, Vladimir Tatlin, Wassily Kandinsky, David Burliuk, Alexander Archipenko), também são classificados na vanguarda ucraniana.
A vanguarda russa atingiu seu auge criativo e popular no período entre a Revolução Russa de 1917 e 1932, momento em que as ideias da vanguarda entraram em conflito com a direção do realismo socialista patrocinada pelo Estado.
Figuras notáveis ​​desta época incluem:
Um dos poucos escritores, por exemplo, como o romancista, contista e ensaísta, Yevgeny Zamyatin (1884-1937), não dedicou totalmente sua carreira de escritor a experimentar a arte de vanguarda russa, mas, em vez disso, decidiu defender e elogiando o movimento de vanguarda, como uma resistência à censura das ideias literárias independentes em livros publicados e compráveis ​​na U.S.S.R. Ele deu forma às suas ideias escrevendo livros e panfletos sobre os negativos da ideologia singular que era o estado patrocinou o "realismo social" e sua oposição a isso. Uma de suas citações, "Na arte, a maneira mais certa de destruir é canonizar uma dada forma e uma filosofia" (Ensaio - A Nova Prosa Russa.) uma prova de sua postura antitotalitária que está presente em todo toda a sua carreira literária, mais popularmente em seu romance "Nós" e seus trabalhos de ensaio. Ele escreveu particularmente sobre como pode haver uma relação benéfica progressiva e de desenvolvimento entre as sociedades e a livre expressão da arte, "Mas a literatura prejudicial é mais útil do que a literatura útil, pois é anti-entrópica, é um meio de combater a calcificação, a esclerose, crosta, musgo, calma "(Ensaio - Literatura, Revolução, Entropia). "Nós" de Yevgeny Zamyatine seu apoio ideológico para a liberdade para si e para o governo, influenciaria escritores na Europa Ocidental e nos EUA (por exemplo, George Orwell "1984", Kurt Vonnegut "Player Piano", etc.)
Preservar a arquitetura de vanguarda russa tornou-se uma preocupação real para historiadores, políticos e arquitetos. Em 2007, o MoMA da cidade de Nova York dedicou uma exposição à arquitetura de vanguarda soviética no período pós-revolucionário, com fotos de Richard Pare.
Muitos compositores russos interessados ​​em música de vanguarda tornaram-se membros da Association for Contemporary Music, dirigida por Roslavets.
Slavko Brezovski

Slavko Brezovski (Galičnik, Iugoslávia, 10 de junho de 1922 – Escópia, Macedônia, 7 de março de 2017) foi um arquiteto macedônio. É conhecido por edificações estilo arquitetura moderna na República da Macedônia. Foi chefe do departamento de arquitetura da Universidade Santos Cirilo e Metódio de Skopie.
Projetou e construiu diversos edifícios modernistas na socialista Iugoslávia. Projetou a Igreja de São Clemente de Ocrida em Skopje. Projetou a embaixada da Iugoslávia em Brasília em 1961. Projetou e construiu edificações na antiga Iugoslávia, Brasil e Líbia.
Influenciado por Oscar Niemeyer em Brasília e Kenzo Tange durante o planejamento de Skopje após o terremoto de Skopie de 1963.
A arquitetura brutalista influenciou a Arquitetura da República da Macedônia.
Ordem de São Gregório Magno

A Pontifícia Ordem Equestre de São Gregório Magno foi criada em 1 de setembro de 1831, pelo Papa Gregório XVI, sete meses após sua eleição, em homenagem ao seu primeiro predecessor homónimo, do qual tomou o nome.
A ordem tem quatro classes:
Esta é uma das cinco ordens pontifícias da igreja católica, segue a Ordem Piana e tem precedência sobre a Ordem de São Silvestre Magno. A ordem é conferida tanto a homens quanto a mulheres – e, raramente, a homens não-católicos – em reconhecimento a seus serviços à Igreja, feitos notáveis, apoio à Santa Sé e ao bom exemplo dado à sociedade. É conferida a militares com o grau mínimo de major. Tem o privilégio de ser saudado pela Guarda Suíça do Vaticano e tem precedência sobre a Ordem de São Silvestre Magno, Ordem Soberana e Militar de Malta e Ordem Equestre do Santo Sepulcro de Jerusalém. Os cavaleiros da classe Grã-Cruz de primeira classe recebem tratamento de Sua Excelência.
O mote da ordem é Pro Deo et Principe.
O decreto inicial determina que, em parte, "cavalheiros de lealdade provada à Santa Sé que, por razões de nobreza de nascimento e renome de seus feitos ou grau de sua, são merecedores de ser honrados por uma expressão pública de estima por parte da Santa Sé". Ao final, conclui que os galardoados devem progressivamente manter, por méritos contínuos, a reputação e confiança já inspirada, provando-se merecedores da honraria, servindo a Deus e ao Pontífice. A honraria não implica nenhuma obrigação particular à Igreja.
Cruz de oito pontos, figurando São Gregório Magno no anverso e, no reverso, o mote Pro Deo et Principe. Sustentada por uma fita vermelha com orlas douradas. Na heráldica eclesiástica, a grã-cruz é representada com sua fita circundando o brasão, ao passo que os graus inferiores mostram apenas o distintivo pendurado pela fita abaixo do escudo.
Membros da ordem não desfrutam de privilégios específicos para a Ordem de São Gregório Magno, apenas o direito de andar a cavalo dentro da Basílica de São Pedro.
Os privilégios são:
Fundação Oscar Niemeyer

A Fundação Oscar Niemeyer (FON), criada em 1988, é um centro de informação e pesquisa voltado para a reflexão e difusão da arquitetura, urbanismo, design e artes plásticas, e para a valorização e preservação da memória e do patrimônio arquitetônico moderno do país.
A Fundação Oscar Niemeyer consolidou-se como um importante centro de documentação, ao disponibilizar seu acervo arquivístico e bibliográfico e oferecer produtos e serviços de informação crítica sobre a arquitetura e urbanismo.
Sediada no Rio de Janeiro, a Fundação Oscar Niemeyer é uma instituição privada sem fins lucrativos, reconhecida de utilidade pública pelo Governo Federal e pelos governos do Distrito Federal e do estado e da cidade do Rio de Janeiro.
Atualmente seu Conselho Diretor é formado pela Presidente Ana Lucia Niemeyer de Medeiros, Vice-Presidente José Pessoa, Diretor Executivo Ciro Pirondi.
A fundação tem sua nova sede em um prédio recém-inaugurado no complexo arquitetônico cultural do Caminho Niemeyer em Niterói. A nova sede da Fundação Oscar Niemeyer vai funcionar em uma área de cerca de 4.000 m², onde estarão instaladas a sua administração, o Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação e a Escola Oscar Niemeyer.
Consiste de um prédio principal com aproximadamente 1.600 m², em forma de caracol. Possuirá um mezzanino com aproximadamente 500 m², com acesso interno e externo através de rampas onde ficará em exposição o acervo de obras de Oscar Niemeyer. Esta construção ficará em cima de um espelho d´água com aproximadamente 1.500 m².
Anexo a este prédio existirá uma construção com uma parte semi-enterrada, de aproximadamente 850 m² de área, abrigando uma copa, central de ar condicionado, acesso ao hall do térreo e 2 grandes salas; ainda neste prédio, no nível térreo, com aproximadamente 1.100 m², haverá um auditório, uma bomboniére, 4 salas onde serão ministradas aulas de temas ligados a arquitetura e as artes, e ainda salas para congressos e seminários referentes a este mesmo tema.
A obra custou R$10 milhões, e os recursos liberados pelo Ministério do Turismo, com o apoio da concessionária Barcas S/A.
A Prefeitura de Niterói instalará a cargo da Secretaria Municipal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia a partir de junho de 2013 nas instalações do edifício a Escola de Humanidade, Arte e Cultura e o Museu Oscar Niemeyer, junto à escola, como um museu de arquitetura e design, aproveitando o potencial do Caminho Niemeyer para o tema.
Lista das maiores igrejas do mundo

Esta é uma Lista das maiores igrejas do mundo em questão de área interna, aqui referida em metros quadrados (m²). Não são considerados quaisquer outro atributo, como altura ou extensão da nave.
O termo "igreja" é aberto a interpretação e debate. Neste artigo, no entanto, o termo "igreja" refere-se a estrutura cuja finalidade principal seja de servir como templo à qualquer denominação religiosa inserida na Cristandade. A lista inclui catedrais, basílicas, capelas, entre outros tipos de templos cristãos. A lista não inclui templos de outras religiões, como mesquitas e sinagogas; ou os templos dos Santos dos Últimos Dias.
Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Salvação (Bombaim)

A Igreja de Nosssa Senhora da Salvação (em inglês: Our Lady of Salvation Church), popularmente conhecida como Portuguese Church (Igreja Portuguesa), é um templo católico situado em Dadar, uma área a norte do centro de Bombaim, Índia. A igreja atual, cuja construção terminou em 1977 e foi desenhada pelo arquiteto indiano Charles Correa, é a sucessora de uma antiga igreja portuguesa construída nos últimos anos do século XVI por franciscanos.
No século XVI, a região de Bombaim era uma possessão portuguesa. Dadar era conhecida como Maim de Baixo e fazia parte da ilha de Maim. Segundo algumas fontes, a igreja original foi construída em 1596, enquanto que outras fontes são mais vagas e referemn apenas "antes de 1600". A primeira igreja foi reconstruída em 1651 e foi modificada em várias outra ocasiões. Há menções históricas à igreja e a um convento franciscano no local datadas de 1675 e 1710. A menção de 1710 refere que o convento era "espaçoso", mas estava um pouco arruinado. Os franciscanos foram vigários da igreja até 1720, quando foram forçados que abandonar Maim e Bombaim.
Em 1902, a igreja foi extensamente reparada, à semelhança do que aconteceu com a maior parte das igrejas e capelas da Diocese de Damão, a que pertencia então. Em 1914 foi reconstruída. Em 1935 foi construído um salão paroquial e iniciadas obras para adicionar um grande alpendre e terraço. Mais tarde, o recinto da igreja foi dividido em duas metades para permitir a construção da Gokhale Road. A seguir, as matas de wadis e coqueiros da área deram lugar a casas, aumentando substancialmente a população da paróquia. Entre os novos habitantes, muitos eram católicos, pelo que a igreja se tornou pequena para tantos fiéis.
A igreja esteve sob a jurisdição do Padroado português até 1794, quando surgiu a chamada jurisdição dupla, que colocou várias paróquias sob a jurisdição partilhada entre o Padroado português e a Propaganda Fide, a igreja ficou sob a alçada da Arquidiocese de Goa. Em 1851 ou 1863, os paroquianos apelaram à administração britânica para passarem para a jurisdição da Propaganda, mas passado pouco tempo voltou a ser do Padroado, sendo integrada na Diocese de Damão. Com o fim da jurisdição dupla em 1928, a paróquia foi integrada na Arquidiocese de Bombaim.
No século XX, a paróquia da Salvação foi dividida em outras: Santa Cruz (Holy Cross) em Parel de Baixo (Lower Parel) em 1904; Nossa Senhora das Dores (Our Lady of Dolours) em Vadala em 1941; São Paulo (St. Paul) em Dadar Oriental (Dadar East) em 1941; Nossa Senhora de Fátima (Our Lady of Fatima) em Sewri em 1959; e Sagrado Coração (Sacred Heart) em Worli em 1961.
Oscar Niemeyer Museum

The Oscar Niemeyer Museum (Portuguese: Museu Oscar Niemeyer) is located in the city of Curitiba, in the state of Paraná, in Brazil. It was inaugurated in 2002 with the name Novo Museu or New Museum. With the conclusion of remodeling and the construction of a new annex, it was reinaugurated on July 8, 2003, with the current denomination to honor its famous architect Oscar Niemeyer, who completed this project at 95 years of age. It is also known as Museu do Olho or Eye Museum, due to the design of the main building.
The museum focuses on the visual arts, architecture and design. For its magnificence, beauty and for the importance of the collection, it represents a cultural institution of international significance. The complex of two buildings, installed in an area of 35 thousand square meters (of which 19 thousand are dedicated to exhibition space), it is a true example of architecture allied with art. The first building was designed by Oscar Niemeyer in 1967, faithful to the style of the time, and conceived as an educational institute, which was opened in 1978.
The museum features many of Niemeyer's signature elements: bold geometric forms, sculptural curved volumes placed prominently to contrast with rectangular volumes, sinuous ramps for pedestrians, large areas of white painted concrete, and areas with vivid murals or paintings. Though rooted in modern architecture since his involvement in the international style, Niemeyer's designs have much in common with postmodern architecture as well and this is as contemporary a building as the artwork it displays.
The distinctive annex to the Oscar Niemeyer Museum is reminiscent of a human eye and fundamentally gave the museum a new identity. The annex was completed and opened to the public in 2003, and the Novo Museu was renamed the Oscar Niemeyer Museum in the same year. Constructed of reinforced concrete, the idiosyncratic, 30-meter tall structure sits above a pool of water and is connected to the main museum building by a futuristic underground walkway. The annex contains a large spiral stairway among its levels, and the two diamond-shaped façades of the "eye" of the building are constructed of glass and steel and provide natural light to an exhibit space.
The museum is located within a garden designed by the landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx, Niemeyer's previous collaborator on the design of Ibirapuera Park in São Paulo. The garden is further located within 144 square metres (1,550 sq ft) of woodland.
25°24′35″S 49°16′2″W﻿ / ﻿25.40972°S 49.26722°W﻿ / -25.40972; -49.26722
Our Lady of Fátima Church, Macau

The Our Lady of Fátima Church (Chinese: 花地瑪聖母堂; Portuguese: Igreja de Nossa Senhora de Fátima) is a church in Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Macau.
The church was rebuilt in 1967.
The church has a contemporary design with a square tower with two bells. The design of the Church of Our Lady of Fatima was commissioned by bishop of Macau Dom Paulo Tavares in 1965. The original project was to build a church and a school on two adjacent sites. By 1965 the Bishop told the architect that one of the sites was no longer available. The dilemma then was how to build a church and a school on a site designated for the church. Architect Antonio M. Jorge da Silva suggested that the school could be built below the church building, but the compromise would be that the access to the church would have many more steps. The suggestion and design was approved by the Bishop on condition that the project would be of low cost. To reduce the cost and to maintain a reasonable height in the interior of the church the structural beams were inverted to be on the roof leaving the interior ceiling free of beams. The church was to have been constructed with two colors of concrete to avoid future painting. The addition of a black cement admix would make the church beams and exterior panels a medium grey leaving the curved under panels over the windows almost white.
The Church of Our Lady of Fatima was completed and inaugurated on the 7th of December 1968.
The church regularly hold masses in the morning in Cantonese.
Assunna Mosque

Assunna Mosque (Arabic: مسجد السُّنَّة, Berber: ⵎⴻⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴰⵙⵓⵏⴰ) is a mosque designed by Jean-François Zevaco in a modernist architectural style in Casablanca, Morocco in 1966. It features brutalist architectural elements such as raw concrete. It is located at the junction of Blvd. 2 Mars and Blvd. Modibo Keïta.
It drew inspiration from Oscar Niemeyer's Church of Saint Francis of Assisi in Pampulha, Belo Horizonte.
33°33′42.25889″N 7°36′33.67087″W﻿ / ﻿33.5617385806°N 7.6093530194°W﻿ / 33.5617385806; -7.6093530194
Montreal Building

The Montreal Building (Portuguese: Edifício Montreal) is an apartment building in São Paulo, Brazil. It was designed by the architect Oscar Niemeyer (1907–2012) and executed by Carlos Lemos (1925-). The building was designed in 1950, construction began in 1951, and opened in 1954. It was one of several buildings in São Paulo commissioned by the Banco Nacional Imobiliário (National Real Estate Bank) to meet the demand for dense, high-rise residential structures in the center of the city. The building was the first of Niemeyer's large-scale works in São Paulo; it predates the Copan, Triângulo e Califórnia buildings. Basic units in the building sold for ₢$280,000 at the time of its opening.
The Montreal Building sits on a narrow, irregular corner of Ipiranga and Cásper Líbero avenues opposite of Praça Alfredo Lessa. Units in the building range from 36 square metres (390 sq ft) to 48 square metres (520 sq ft), many in a trapezoidal floor plan. Units in the building are small and were meant to attract single occupants or small families. The entrance hall features three large panels of mosaics by Emiliano Di Cavalcanti. The pattern of horizontal fins on the north façade of the building closely resembles that of the Banco do Estado de Minas Gerais, designed in the same period by Niemeyer. The brise soleil facing avenues Ipiranga and Cásper Líbero were removed in a 2004 renovation. Edifício Montreal is a listed building by the Municipal Council for the Preservation of Historical, Cultural and Environmental City of São Paulo (SPHAN).