davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
নিউল্যান্ডস ক্রিকেট গ্রাউন্ড

নিউল্যান্ডস ক্রিকেট মাঠ দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার কেপ টাউনে অবস্থিত একটি ক্রিকেট মাঠ। দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকা জাতীয় ক্রিকেট দলের অন্যতম স্টেডিয়াম হিসেবে এর বিশেষ পরিচিতি রয়েছে। ১৮৮৯ সালে সর্বপ্রথম টেস্ট ক্রিকেট এবং ১৯৯২ সালে সর্বপ্রথম একদিনের আন্তর্জাতিক ক্রিকেট খেলা অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। মার্চ, ২০১৪ সাল পর্যন্ত ৫১টি টেস্ট ম্যাচসহ ৩৫টি একদিনের আন্তর্জাতিক অনুষ্ঠিত হয়েছে। এছাড়াও এটি কেপ কোবরাস দলের অনুশীলনের মাঠ হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় যেখানে সানফয়েল সিরিজ, মোমেনটাম ওয়ানডে কাপ এবং র‌্যামস্ল্যাম প্রো২০ প্রতিযোগিতারও আয়োজন করা হয়। এছাড়াও নিউল্যান্ডস স্টেডিয়ামে রাগবি ইউনিয়ন ও ফুটবল খেলার আসর বসে।
মাঠটির সাথে বাণিজ্যিকভাবে চুক্তিবদ্ধ হওয়ায় তা সাহারা পার্ক নিউল্যান্ডস নামে পরিচিত। কিন্তু, দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকাসহ ক্রিকেট সমর্থকদের কাছে এর ঐতিহাসিক নাম নিউল্যান্ডস নামেই সমধিক পরিচিতি পেয়ে আসছে।
১৮৪৫ সালে জ্যাকব লেটারস্টেট নামীয় ব্যক্তি তার কন্যা লিডিয়া কোরিনাকে ভিকম্পটে ডি মন্টমর্টের সাথে বিবাহ-বন্ধনে আবদ্ধ হবার সময় উপহার হিসেবে প্রদান করেন। ১৮৮৭ সালে ওয়েস্টার্ন প্রভিন্স ক্রিকেট ক্লাব পঁচিশ বছর মেয়াদে ৫০ পাউন্ডের বিনিময়ে লীজ নেয়। ১৮৮৮ সালে ক্লাবটি চুক্তিতে আবদ্ধ হয় ও অর্থমূল্য ১০০ পাউন্ডে বৃদ্ধি পেয়ে ভাড়া নেয়। ক্লাবের আজীবন সদস্যগণ প্রত্যেকেই ব্যয় নির্বাহের জন্য ২৫ পাউন্ড প্রদান করেন ও প্যাভিলিয়ন নির্মাণে আরও ৩৫০ পাউন্ড দানের মাধ্যমে সংগ্রহ করে।
২৪ মার্চ, ১৮৮৯ তারিখে প্রথমবারের মতো নিউল্যান্ডসে টেস্ট খেলা অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। ঐ খেলায় ইংল্যান্ড ক্রিকেট দল স্বাগতিক দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকা দলকে ইনিংস ও ২০২ রানের বৃহৎ ব্যবধানে পরাভূত করেছিল। জানুয়ারি, ২০১৪ সাল পর্যন্ত অনুষ্ঠিত ৫০টি টেস্টে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকা ১৮ খেলায় জয়লাভ করে। পক্ষান্তরে অন্যান্য টেস্টখেলুড়ে দেশগুলো ২২ খেলায় বিজয়ী হয় ও ১০ খেলা ড্রয়ে পরিণত হয়।
নিউল্যান্ডসকে বিশ্বের অন্যতম সুন্দর ক্রিকেট মাঠ হিসেবে বিবেচনা করা হয়।
ব্যাটসম্যানেরা এ মাঠে ৮৪টি টেস্ট সেঞ্চুরি করতে পেরেছেন। তন্মধ্যে ২০০৬ সালে নিউজিল্যান্ডের স্টিফেন ফ্লেমিংয়ের ৪২৩ বলে করা ২৬২ রান সবচেয়ে বেশি রানের স্বীকৃতি পেয়েছে। এছাড়াও হার্শেল গিবসের ২২৮ ও গ্রেইম পোলকের ২০৯ রান উল্লেখযোগ্য। জ্যাক ক্যালিস সবচেয়ে বেশি নয়টি সেঞ্চুরি করেছেন।
এ মাঠে একদিনের আন্তর্জাতিকে প্রথম সেঞ্চুরি করেছেন নিউজিল্যান্ডের রজার টোজ। তিনি দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার বিপক্ষে ১০৩ রান করেছিলেন। এছাড়াও, দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার বাইরে ব্রায়ান লারা ও সৌরভ গাঙ্গুলী এ কীর্তিগাথা রচনা করেছেন। ২০০১ সালে কেনিয়ার বিপক্ষে নিল ম্যাকেঞ্জি অপরাজিত ১৩১* রান করেছেন ১২১ বলে যা সর্বোচ্চ রান হিসেবে স্বীকৃত। একমাত্র ব্যাটসম্যান হিসেবে হার্সেল গিবস সবেচেয়ে বেশি ২টি সেঞ্চুরি করেছেন।
Football in West Bengal

Association football is two most-popular sports in West Bengal, the others being Cricket. East Bengal, Mohun Bagan and Mohammedan are the heart of West Bengal football. The rivalry between Mohun Bagan and East Bengal, originating from the Calcutta Football League as the Kolkata derby, is one of the fiercest in the world and considered among the flagship events in the Indian footballing calendar. West Bengal is known to be the Mecca of Indian football, with the two most supported teams in the country being based within the city – Mohun Bagan and East Bengal.
The IFA had organised many historical tournaments like the Trades Cup, the Gladstone Cup, the Cooch Behar Cup and the coveted IFA Shield, prior to the incorporation of Calcutta Football League in 1898. The Trades Cup is the oldest tournament in Kolkata, being instituted in 1889.
The following list includes the performance of West Bengal's state teams at major competitions.
All 23 district of West Bengal are affiliated with the Indian Football Association.
Because it is often called India's football capital, many international footballing personalities have visited Kolkata, West Bengal. In 1977, Mohun Bagan played a friendly match against the famous North American Soccer League club New York Cosmos, which featured Pelé. The match, which took place at Eden Gardens, had an attendance of 80,000. The match ended 2–2. Others who have visited Kolkata are Argentinean footballing legend Diego Maradona and current star Lionel Messi. Lionel Messi made his captaincy debut for his national side in Kolkata's, West Bengal Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan on 2 September 2011 against Venezuela. German legends, including Franz Beckenbauer and Oliver Kahn, have also visited. The best goalkeeper in football history, Russian Lev Yashin, visited in 1955 and 1973. English World Cup–winning legend Bobby Moore was the chief guest during the 1984 Nehru Cup. Emeka Ezuego, the Nigerian World Cup player, played for East Bengal and Mohammedan Sporting. Majid Bishkar, the Iranian World Cup player, played for East Bengal and Mohammedan Sporting from 1980 to 1986. Cameroon footballing legend Roger Milla played for Diamond Club in some exhibition matches in the Centenary Celebration of Mohun Bagan. Uruguay football captain Diego Forlan visited Kolkata in 2010. Karl-Heinz Rummenigge visited in 2010. Julian Caminho visited Kolkata, West Bengal twice—first in 1988 to play for East Bengal and again in 2011. MacDonald Mukansi played for East Bengal in 2007.
Others who have also visited are Terry Paine, Carlos Alberto Torres, Enzo Francescoli, Valencia Ramos, Jorge Burruchaga, Ricardo Gareca, László Kiss, Nicky Butt, Włodzimierz Smolarek, Andrzej Buncol, Eusébio, Ronald Koeman, Paul Breitner, and Swansea City's Neil Taylor.
In July 2023, Argentine World Cup and World Cup Golden Gloves winner Emiliano Martinez also visited the city of Joy, courtesy to Satadru Dutta's initiative. He was grandly welcomed by the citizens and Mohun Bagan and East Bengal.
The state of West Bengal has contributed many legends to Indian football, such as:
Bengal Nagpur Railway FC

Bengal Nagpur Railway Football Club (also known as BNR Recreation Club) is an Indian institutional football club based in Kolkata, West Bengal. Founded in 1929, the club competes in the Premier Division B of the Calcutta Football League.
The Bengal Nagpur Railway Recreation Club was established in 1929 as the recreational arm of Bengal Nagpur Railway (BNR), now known as South Eastern Railway (one of the companies credited for pioneering the development of railways in eastern and central India). The BNR Club was associated with numerous sports including football, cricket, field hockey and water polo.
BNR reached the first division of Calcutta Football League in 1949 and as an institutional team was a force to reckon in Kolkata football during their golden period in the 1960s. They won prestigious IFA Shield in 1963, and ended up as runners-up in 1966. and Rovers Cup in 1964–65. They also achieved success at the 1967 Durand Cup, by finishing as runners-up. The club later took part in 1985 IFA Shield, where they faced noted Uruguayan club Centro Atlético Fénix. The club was later briefly managed by legendary Indian footballer Tulsidas Balaram. Later in the 1990s, BNR consecutively appeared in Super Division of the CFL, playing home matches at the Rabindra Sarobar Stadium.
Notable players who have played for the Bengal Nagpur Railway FC include Sheoo Mewalal, Tulsidas Balaram, Arun Ghosh, K. Appalaraju, Rajendra Mohan, Samar Banerjee, Chandreshwar Prasad, Mihir Bose, Sudip Chatterjee. Among them, Appalaraju emerged as top scorer of the CFL in 1959 with BNR. Indian coach Amal Dutta also appeared with BNR; he later managed the team too. Former Pakistani international Tarapada Ray, who later gained Indian citizenship, also appeared with the club.
Alongside football, field hockey is practiced in BNR. From the British rule in the country until 1960s, it was having Anglo-Indian players, who led the club various nationwide tournaments. Notable players of the team in Colonial era were Carl Tapsell, Dicky Carr and Joe Gallibardy. Affiliated with the Bengal Hockey Association (BHA), the club participated in prestigious Beighton Cup and Calcutta Hockey League.
BNR club has its cricket section, which is affiliated to the Cricket Association of Bengal (CAB), and competes in numerous regional tournaments including the First Division League, and J.C. Mukherjee T-20 Trophy.
Women's football is also being practiced in BNR, and the team participates in regional tournaments.
Cited sources
Further reading
West Bengal Police FC

West Bengal Police Football Club (nicknamed "Policemen") is an Indian institutional multi-sports club based in Kolkata, West Bengal. Affiliated with the Indian Football Association, the club's football section competes in the Calcutta Premier Division.
West Bengal Police FC as a club began their journey from Kolkata Maidan, the home of Kolkata football. The club is founded in 1952 and owned by its parent organization West Bengal Police ,in Kolkata.The West Bengal Police soccer team is a professional football club based in Kolkata, India. The team was established in 1952 and has since then been a prominent force in the Indian football scene. The team is owned and operated by the West Bengal Police department and is known for its disciplined and organized style of play. The team has a rich history of success, having won several domestic and regional tournaments over the years. They have a strong fan base in Kolkata and are known for their passionate and vocal supporters. The team plays its home matches at the East Bengal Ground in Kolkata, which has a capacity of 23,000 spectators. The West Bengal Police soccer team is known for its strong defense and counter-attacking style of play. They have a talented squad of players, including some of the best footballers in the region. The team is led by experienced coach and former player, Subrata Bhattacharya, who has been with the team for several years. Overall, the West Bengal Police soccer team is a well-respected and successful football club in India. They have a strong tradition of excellence and are known for their disciplined and hardworking approach to the game.
Hindú Club

Hindú Club is an Argentine sports club based in the Don Torcuato district of Tigre Partido. The institution is mostly known for its rugby union team, which currently competes in the Top 12, the first division of the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires (URBA) league system. Hindú has become one of the most successful rugby teams of Argentina, having won 22 titles since 1996 to present days.
Apart from rugby, the club hosts other sports such as field hockey, football, futsal, tennis, gymnastics, golf and swimming.
In the 1910s, pupils of the La Salle college met to form a theatre group, then known as "Hindustánicos". After graduation, alumni would meet again and founded in 1919 a social, cultural and sporting venture known as the Hindú Club. The origin of the club goes back more than a century when Indian laborers mostly from Bihar and Bengal were brought to South America for rubber plantation. Those immigrant workers were fundamental in founding the club in 1895, but it got its current form in 1910 with the official inauguration of the ground.
Its first location was on Pedro Echagüe street and only basketball was played there. Later the club would purchase an 83 hectare plot in Don Torcuato and start playing other sports, including rugby union for which Hindú Club is most famous today.
Hindú Club started playing rugby in 1935. However, the club had to wait until 1996 to win both its first URBA and Nacional titles. Since then, Hindú has become a powerhouse of Argentine rugby, winning several provincial and national titles.
Famous players include Argentina internationals Hernán Senillosa, Gonzalo Quesada, Nicolás Fernández Miranda, Juan Fernández Miranda, Lucas Ostiglia, Juan Ignacio Gauthier and Horacio Agulla. Recent players like Joaquín "Tito" Diaz Bonilla, Sebastián "Erre" Cancelliere and Tomás Lavanini are also part of the generational "seeds" that came into the international picture after the previous big names mentioned above.
1889

1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1889th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 889th year of the 2nd millennium, the 89th year of the 19th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1889, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Association bretonne (1791)

An Association bretonne pe Conjuration bretonne a oa un aozadur armet ha kuzh e Breizh renet gant Armand Tuffin de La Rouërie ha savet enep an Dispac'h gall e 1791. Ratozh pennañ ar Gevredigezh a oa adreizhañ gwirioù Breizh a oa bet lammet gant an Dispac'h gall. Gwelet e vez evel ar rak-chouanerezh.
Meur a ezel eus ar Gevredigezh evel Aimé du Boisguy, Vincent de Tinténiac ha Jean Chouan a voe gwelet goude-se evel ofiserien er chouanerezh. La Rouërie en doa goulennet sikour digant ar c'hont d'Artois. Roet e voe dezhañ armoù, kanolioù ha zoken unwiskoù roet gant Bro-Saoz. La Rouërie a oa prest da voulc'hañ un emsavadeg gant 10 000 soudard.
Chouanerezh

Ar chouanerezh eo an anv a roer d'an emsavadeg a c'hoarvezas e dibenn an XVIII kantved e Breizh hag en holl vroioù tostik d'he harzoù (Maine, Anjev, Normandi, Poatev) ouzh ar gouarnamant republikan gall goude an Dispac'h gall. Liammet eo ivez en un doare bennak ouzh Brezel Vendée.
Kregiñ a reas e 1791 gant an Association bretonne, a zifenne ar roue hag al lezennoù a oa da Vreizh hag a oa bet diskaret e 1789. Met en em sevel a reas un darn eus ar bobl pa voe rediet ar veleien da douiñ fealded d'ar gouarnamant republikan ha rediet 300 000 den da vont d'an arme da zifenn ar republik c'hall.
E 1791 e oa renet an Association bretonne gant Armand Tuffin de La Rouërie
Pierre Guillemot

Pierre Guillemot, lesanvet Roue Begnen, ganet d'ar 1añ a viz Du 1759 e Kerdel, e Begnen, hag aet da Anaon d'ar 5 a viz Genver 1805 e Gwened, a oa ur penn brezel chouan a stourmas ouzh an armeoù republikan en darn eus ar Morbihan etre ar bloavezhioù II ha VIII (1794 betek 1800). Tad Julien Guillemot eo. Evel un toullad pennoù chouan all e oa bet ezel eus an Association bretonne renet gant Armand Tuffin de La Rouërie.
Thérèse de Moëllien

Kenitervez da Armand Tuffin de La Rouërie oa Thérèse de Moëllien. Sikouret he deus anezhañ en e stourm evit difenn gwirioù Breizh. Ganet eo bet d'ar 14 a viz Gouere 1759 e Roazhon. Dibennet eo bet d'an 18 a viz Mezheven 1793 e Pariz.
Savet eo bet e Felger gant he zad-kozh, kont a vBélinaye. Pa grogas Markiz ar Roueri da sevel e irienn, e skoazellas anezhañ gant gred diouzhtu. Pa voe aet he c'henderv da Anaon e La Guyomarais d'an 30 a viz Genver 1973 e tevas listennad nemeti izili an irienn a oa en he c'herz. Savetaet he dije kalzik buhezioù oc'h ober kement-se. Harzet e voe e Felger d'ar 25 a viz Meurzh 1793. Kaset e voe da Roazhon ha da Bariz goude. E-kerzh ar prosez ne nac'has ket he liammoù gant an irienn. Kondaonet e voe da vezañ dibennet.
Mount & Blade (heuliad c'hoarioù video)

Mount & Blade zo un heuliad c'hoarioù video doare gwezh RPG krennamzerel war Microsoft Windows, sevenet gant an embregerezh Turkek TaleWorlds, hag embannet gant an embregerezh svedat Paradox Interactive. Lakaet e oa bet e gwerzh d'ar 16 a viz Gwengolo 2008, en Norzhamerika, ha tri devezh war-lerc'h en Europa.
Degemeret eo bet ar c'hoari ur wech embannet. Lakaet e oa bet war-raok ar c'hoari evit nevezinti an emgannoù, al labour war diorroadur spis an dudenn c'hoariet hag ur gumuniezh bev birvidik evit ar modoù. Lakaet e oa bet war-raok eus un tu all e oa randonus: ar c'hefridioù, an eskemmoù etre tudennoù, al lec'hioù hag e oa izel al live grafikoù.
Dreistbeliouriezh

An dreistbeliouriezh (supremacism e saozneg) zo un ideologiezh a embann dreistelezh ha mestroniezh ur rumm tud war ar re all.
Rumm an dud a embann o dreistelezh a c'hall bezañ termenet dre liv o c'hroc'hen, o reizh, ur renkad, ur sevenadur, o yezh, o relijion, pe kredennoù all.
En amzer an trevadennerezh e veze graet anv eus ar mission civilisatrice de la France e galleg, hag eus The White Man’s Burden e saozneg, da lavaras Rudyard Kipling.
Kantvedoù a drevadennerezh en Amerika, Afrika, Aostralia, Okeania hag Azia zo bet reizhabeget gant skridoù savet da vrudañ an dreistbeliouriezh.
An istorour skosat Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881), a zo brudet e oberenn The French Revolution: A History diwar-benn an Dispac'h gall hag a awenas Charles Dickens pa skrivas e romant A Tale of Two Cities, a skrivas e oa graet an trevadenniñ gant Europiz evit "mad ar pobloù a sevenadur izeloc'h".
Robert Emmet

Ur broadelour iwerzhonat yaouank a Zulenn a oa Robert Emmet, pe Roparzh Emmet e brezhoneg (gwelout pezh-c'hoari Roparz Hemon). Ganet d'ar 4 a viz Meurzh 1778 hag aet da Anaon d'an 20 a viz Gwengolo 1803, (Strollad ar Vroadelourion Unanet), E studioù a gasas en Trinity College. (An Dr Robert Emmet a oa e dad, fizikour ar Roue Saoz).
Goude votadeg an Unvaniezh e tarempredas Emmet gant gouarnamant ar Stad C'hall e 1802 evit aozañ un emsavadeg da zijabliñ e vro diouzh gwask enebourion e bobl. D’an 23 a viz Gourheren 1803, e aozas tagadenn Kastell Dulenn. Ne voe ket gwall aozet an emsavadeg ha donet a reas fonnapl ar warded da gastiziñ an emsaverion. Harzet ha kondaonet d’ar marv e voe, daoust da ziviz brav meurbet e alvokad, John Philpot Curran,Tad Sarah Curran, danvez pried Emmet.
Da 25 bloaz e voe krouget ha dibennet goude, an deiz war-lerc’h, e miz Gwengolo 1803.
Emmet zo ennañ personelezh ar romantelezh dre e yaouankiz, e uhelvennozhioù hag e garantez evit Sarah Curran. Deuet eo da vout unan a verzherion Bro-Iwerzhon, d’an 19 a viz Gwengolo 1803.
Rafael Sabatini

Rafael Sabatini (1875-1950) zo ur skrivagner italian-saoz a levrioù avanturioù. Ganet e oa e Jesi en Italia. E dad a oa italian, e vamm a oa saoz, hag o-daou e oant c'hoariganerien. Gant e dad kozh e vevas e Bro-Saoz, ha studiañ a reas en Portugal ha Suis. C'hwec'h yezh a gomze, met e saozneg e skrivas dre ma krede e oa e saozneg e veze skrivet ar gwellañ romantoù. Brudet eo lod eus e romantoù, darn zo deuet da vezañ filmoù :
Fazi arroud : <ref> balizennoù zo evit ur strollad anvet "lower-alpha", met n'eus bet kavet balizenn <references group="lower-alpha"/> ebet a glotfe
Henri Grégoire

Henri Jean-Baptiste Grégoire (1750-1831), anavezet ivez evel abbé Grégoire, a oa ur beleg katolik gall ac'h eas a-du gant an Dispac'h Gall. Brudet eo abalamour da zaou dra: e metoù ar jakobined c'hall peogwir en doa stourmet evit reiñ ur statud d'ar yuzevien, hag e-touesk ar vrezhonegerien peogwir en doa embannet fraezh en doa c'hoant da zistruj yezhoù all ar stad c'hall.
Ganet e oa d'ar 4 a viz Kerzu 1750 e Vého, nepell diouzh Lunéville, en Trois-Évêchés, a oa ur broviñs c'hall war harzoù dugelezh Loren. E dad, Sébastien Grégoire, a oa kemener, hag e vamm Marguerite Thiébaut, a oa troet gant ar relijion.
Kregiñ a reas da studiañ da 5 bloaz gant person e gêriadenn, ha hennezh a welas diouzhtu e oa ur bugel speredek. Pa n'hallas kelenn netra ken d'ar bugel e voe kaset Henri da gaout an Aotrou Cherrier, person ar barrez amezek, Emberménil, a oa stag Vého outi. Ha setu Henri, da 8 vloaz, krog da studiañ gant mibien uhelgargidi a oa e servij dug Loren, Stanislas Leszczyński, en oberennoù Jean Racine, Vergilius, hag ar Grammaire générale de Port-Royal.
Goude e voe kaset gant ar person-se da ober studioù da skolaj ar jezuisted da Nancy, adal 1763 betek 1768. Eno e teuas da vout kamarad d'ur c'helenner, an Aotrou de Solignac, bet sekretour gant Stanislas Leszczyński, ha hennezh a levezonas e skoliad o reiñ dezhañ da anaout mennozhioù ar Sklêrijennerien ha metoù an intelektualed lorenat. Eñvorennoù mat a zalc'has eus e studioù e ti ar jezuisted, goude ma rae ur rebech dezho:
Er Vodadeg Bonreizhañ e c'houlennas diskar ar brientoù hag ar sklavelezh, hag ar voterezh evit an holl wazed.
Dilennet de voe Grégoire evel kannad ar Gloer e pastell Nancy e 1789. Pa voe galvet ar gloer izel d'en em unaniñ gant an Trede-Stad.
Adal an 13 a viz Eost 1790 ec'h aozas Grégoire un enklask a-bouez, hag eñ ezel eus Bodad ar Bonreizhañ, diwar-benn ar « patois et mœurs des gens de la campagne ».
Adal 1793, e-pad ar g-Convention, e voe oberiant e-barzh ar c'h-Comité d'instruction publique da stourm evit l'éradication ar patois.
Hollvedelaat ar galleg dre beurzistruj an trefoedajoù koulz ha yezhoù ar bihanniveroù (yideg, kreolegoù) eo dezhañ ar gwellañ doare da skignañ an anaoudegezhioù talvoudus, da stourm ouzh an treuzkredennoù,
En 1794, dirak ar g-Conventio e kinnigas Grégoire e « Rapport sur la Nécessité et les Moyens d'anéantir les Patois et d'universaliser l'Usage de la Langue française », anavezet evel Rapport Grégoire, ma skriv :
Hermann Moritz Saks

Hermann Moritz von Sachsen, anavezet e galleg evel Maurice de Saxe, pe le maréchal de Saxe, ganet e Goslar (Sachsen) e 1696 ha marvet e 1750, a oa ur jeneral gall a orin alaman, kont Sachsen ha marichal Bro-C'hall, en amzer ar roue gall Loeiz XV. Mab e oa da Aogust II ar C'hreñv, Dilenner Sachsen ha roue Pologn, ha d'e serc'h Aurora von Königsmarck.
Brudet eo evel trec'hour emgann Fontenoy.
Patrice de Mac Mahon

Patrice de Mac Mahon, ganet e kastell Sully d'an 13 a viz Mezheven 1808 ha marvet e Montcresson (Loiret) d'an 1893 d'ar 17 a viz Here 1893, a oa un ofiser gall, marichal Bro-C'hall, ha politikour, hag eil prezidant ar republik da vare an Trede Republik c'hall.
Jili Raez

Jili Montmorency-Laval, anavezet evel Jili Raez (galleg: Gilles de Rais) ha lesanvet "Suner-gwad Breizh" a oa bet ganet e miz Gwengolo pe Here war-dro ar bloaz 1405 en ur c'hastell e Champtocé-sur-Loire. Marichal Bro-C'hall e voe, hag ambroug a reas Janed Ark e-kerzh hec'h emgannoù.
Perzh a gemeras er Brezel Kant Vloaz kent kas ur gwall vuhez ken na voe tamallet dezhañ oberoù a sorserezh, sodomiezh, ha muntrañ tregont krouadur. D'ar 25 a viz Here 1440 e voe barnet d'ar marv : kerkent hag antronoz e voe krouget ha peuzdevet e Naoned. Douaret e voe e gorf en iliz kouent ar C'harmezed da-c'houde.
Savet ez eus bet ur c'hoarigan, Gilles de Retz e anv, gant an sonaozer breizhat Paul Ladmirault (1877-1944) hag a voe leurennet e kêr Naoned d'an 18 a viz Mae 1893.
Moses Jacob Ezekiel

Moses Jacob Ezekiel, brudet ivez evel Moses Ritter von Ezekiel, ganet d'an 28 a viz Here 1844 hag aet da Anaon d'ar 27 a viz Meurzh 1917, a oa ur c'hizeller yuzev-stadunanat en devoa bevet ha labouret e Roma e-pad un darn eus e vuhez. Ezekiel a voe "the first American-born Jewish artist to receive international acclaim" (ar c'hentañ yuzev-amerikan o vezañ meulet dre ar bed).
Bez' e voe yaouaer er Virginia Military Institute, ha servijet en devoa e tu ar re Gengevreet e Lu Stadoù Kengevreet Amerika e-pad Brezel diabarzh Stadoù-Unanet Amerika. Kemeret en doa perzh en Emgann New Market. Be'z eo ar c'hizeller nemetañ o vezañ bet brudet hag o vezañ bet kemeret perzh er brezel diabarzh stadunanat.
An delwennoù graet gant Moses Jacob Ezekiel eus harozed ar Stadoù Kengevreet zo marteze c'hoazh hiziv-an-deiz un doare anat da lakaat war wel ha da veuliñ ar pezh a anver al Lost Cause of the Confederacy. Krediñ start a rae en dezenn-se. Un doare romantel a oa gant Ezekiel: "a romanticized vision of the South and the Confederacy in which soldiers fought honorably for states' rights and free trade rather than treasonously for the cause of slavery. [gwelet Cornerstone speech.] In this narrative, slave owners are painted as benign protectors and providers for their African American 'dependents'."
Ulysses S. Grant

Ulysses Simpson Grant (ganet Hiram Ulysses Grant d'ar 27 a viz Ebrel 1822 e Pleasant Point en Ohio ha marvet d'an 23 a viz Gouere 1885 e Wilton) a zo bet triwec'hvet Prezidant Stadoù-Unanet Amerika etre 1869 ha 1877. Ur jeneral a oa anezhañ hag a vez lakaet da vezañ trec'hour Brezel diabarzh Stadoù-Unanet Amerika pa oa deuet da vezañ pennjeneral armeadoù an Norzh adalek 1864. Ar vrud a dapas e-kerzh ar brezel-se a sikouras anezhañ da vezañ anvet da brezidant. Kavet a vez abeg en e brezidanterezh pa roas plasoù d'e vignoned ha ne reas netra a-enep o goubrenerezh.
Broadelouriezh

Ar vroadelouriezh zo un ideologiezh aet war wel e dibenn an XVIII kantved hag e deroù an XIXvet kantved : ar vroudelourion en em laka da izili eus ur vroad, a laka ar vroad-se da benntalvezout, hag a lavar c'hoantaat stourm eviti.
Lod broadelourien a gav gwelloc'h ober dave d'an dud a zo kar dezho dre o gwad, ha re all a ra dave d'an dud a zo ganet war douar ar memes Stad hag int.
Meur a seurt broadelouriezh zo.
Pan eo bet an natio, ur gêr latin, un termen implijet ha troet a-dreuz ar c'hantvedoù evit termeniñ pobloù pe veuriadoù pe strolloù tud liesseurt, ne weler ket un elfennadur politikel ha gwirael a-raok Kantved ar Sklêrijenn, an XVIIIvet kantved. Gant ar bredourien ha politikourien gall eo bet embannet e oa sujidi roue Bro-C'hall, keodeded ur vroad, ar Vroad C'hall. Dic'hallus avat voe ket mirout ar roue hag ar vroad asambles ken : goude ma voe bet nullet an unpenniezh e voe ret termeniñ piv a oa gwir brogarour hag enebour ar Vroad (unpennelourien, Chouaned, trafikerien, hag all).
Meur a ster zo d'ar vroadelouriezh vreizhat.
Ar vrogarantez eo ar garantez a vag an den ouzh e vro, ar vroadelouriezh eo ar gasoni a vag ouzh ar broioù all a lavaras Charles de Gaulle. Evel-just n'eo ket sell ur Breizhad an hini eo.
Marie Eugène Charles Tuffin de La Rouërie

Marie Eugène Charles Tuffin de La Rouërie, born on 27 August 1765 in Laval, parish of Saint-Tugal de Laval, died near Saint-Méloir-des-Ondes on 16 March 1796 was a Chouan leader during the French Revolution.
Son of Marie Eugène Gervais Tuffin de La Rouërie and Marthe-Charlotte-Marie-Claire de Farcy. He was the first cousin of Armand Tuffin de La Rouërie, head of the Breton Association [fr] and was his aide-de-camp. He was also a friend and one of the officers of Aimé Picquet du Boisguy, general of the Chouans of Fougères.
He joined the Chouans on 2 September 1795 and seems to have shared command of the Saint-James column, known as "Normandy", 800 men strong, with Lieutenant-Colonel Louis-François Dauguet, known as Fleur-de-Rose. He won several battles there against the Republicans in September. His plan, however, was to form a fourth column within the Fougères division, in the vicinity of Bazouges-la-Pérouse, in order to link the Fougères division to that of Dol-de-Bretagne and Saint-Malo.
He was sent to Scotland with Julien Saulcet, known as "Duval", to the Count of Artois to request a landing of uniforms, powder, money and four cannons. Having received a favorable response, he was disembarked on his return with 40 other émigrés in the bay of Cancale, but surprised during the night by a Republican patrol, he was killed during the ensuing combat, as well as eleven other émigrés. Duval managed to escape and join du Boisguy with the couriers carried by Tuffin.
Thérèse de Moëlien

Thérèse de Moëlien (1759–1793) was a French counter-revolutionary and agent during the French Revolution.
She was the cousin of the counter revolutionary Charles Armand Tuffin, marquis de la Rouërie. She was a member and financier of the counter-revolutionary organisation Association Bretonne and active in gaining supporters for it. After the arrest of Tuffin she was arrested and executed by guillotine.
Pepper LaBeija

Pepper LaBeija (November 5, 1948 - Mee 14, 2003) bụ eze nwanyị drag America na onye nrụpụta ejiji. A maara ya dị ka "eze nwanyị ikpeazụ fọdụrụ na bọọlụ Harlem drag ".
Amụrụ na The Bronx na 1948, Pepper Labeija buru ụzọ bịa na ebe egwuregwu egwuregwu nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke na New York na ngwụcha 1960 wee bụrụ onye isi nke Houselọ LaBeija na 1981.
N'ebe a na-akọwaghị dị ka nwanyị, Labeija nwere ara na-ahọrọ aha nwanyị ọ . Labeija nọgidere bụrụ onye isi nke ụlọ (nke a maara dị ka "Nne") ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2003. Dị ka onye isi ụlọ ahụ, Labeija kwuru n'ezoghị ọnụ banyere mkpa ọ dị inye nkwado na nduzi nye ụmụ okorobịa nwere mmasị nwoke na-abịarute ebe ahụ mgbe e kewapụrụ ha na ezinụlọ ha.
A maara Labeija maka mmemme ụgbọ elu sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ ndị Egypt wee nweta ihe dị ka iko bọọlụ 250 n'ime oge ọrụ ya. N'èzí ime egwuregwu, Labeija na-enweta ego na-emepụta bọọlụ ịdọrọ na nkuzi ịme ngosi.
LaBeija na onye ibe ya Pamela Jackson nwere otu nwa nwanyị ọnụ, LaBeija na-etinyekwa oge ya n'ezinụlọ ya, na-azụ nwa ya nwanyị na nwa nwoke. Na 1992, Pamela Jackson nwụrụ. Ka ahụike LaBeija dara, ụmụ ya na nne nne ha bi.
LaBeija nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga mellitus nke 2, nke mere ka ebipụrụ ya ụkwụ abụọ. Ọ nọ n'ụra nke ukwuu n'ime afọ iri ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya. Na May 14, 2003, LaBeija nwụrụ n'ihi nkụchi obi na ụlọ ọgwụ Roosevelt dị na Manhattan mgbe ọ dị afọ 54.
A maara LaBeija nke ọma maka mpụta ya na ihe nkiri akwụkwọ akụkọ Paris Is Burning (1990) na kedu ka m si ele? (2006).
LaBeija mekwara ihe ngosi na The Joan Rivers Show (1991), TV Transvestites (1982), na Queen (1968).
Malcolm McLaren hotara LaBeija n'ime egwu na vidiyo egwu 1989 " Deep in Vogue ", ụtụ maka bọọlụ nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke nke New York nke 1980s, asọmpi runway nke gụnyere ịgba egwu, ejiji, na àgwà.
onye ibe ya Pamela Jackson nwere otu nwa nwanyị ọnụ, LaBeija na-etinyekwa oge ya n'ezinụlọ ya, na-azụ nwa ya nwanyị na nwa nwoke. Na 1992
Fatma Zohra Zamoum

Fatma Zohra Zamoum (amụrụ na ubochi iri na itoolu na onwa Jenụwarị n'afo1967) bụ onye edemede Franco-Algeria, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nkuzi.
A mụrụ Zamoun na Bordj Menaïel n'ebe ugwu Algeria, n'ime ezinụlọ a ma ama nke ndị nna nna ya bụ Omar ben Zamoum na Mohamed ben Zamoum. Mgbe ọ gachara na ụlọ akwụkwọ nkà eserese na Algiers (1985-1988), ọ gara Paris ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ime ihe nkiri sinima na agụmakwụkwọ olu ana eme nkiri na Sorbonne na 1995. Ọ na-eke oge ya n'etiti Algiers na Paris, na-achụso ihe ndị kachasị amasị ya, eserese, akụkọ ifo na ihe nkiri sinima.
Z'har (2009) bụ ihe nkiri mbụ nke Zamoun, na-egosi ihe nkiri sitere na ime ihe ike Algiers nwere na 1990s. N'afọ 2005, o duziri ihe nkiri akụkọ ifo dị mkpirikpi La Pelote de Laine ma dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gụnyere Comment j'ai fumé tous mes livres (2006). N'afọ 2011, ọ duziri ma mepụta ihe nkiri nke abụọ Kedach Ethabni (Combien tu m'aimes) nke na-akọ akụkọ banyere otú obere Adel si emeso oge ya na nne nne ya nọrọ mgbe nne na nna ya gbasara.Ọ duziri ma mepụta kemgbe ahụ "Azib Zamoum, Akụkọ gbasara ala", na 2014 Na 2019, o nwetara ihe nkiri akụkọ ifo dị ala nke aha ya bụ PARKOUR (S) na ihe ngosi a na-ebipụtabeghị: Ahụ + Nka
Nchịkọta ikike
List of fictional tricksters

The trickster is a common stock character in folklore and popular culture. A clever, mischievous person or creature, the trickster achieves goals through the use of trickery. A trickster may trick others simply for amusement or for survival in a dangerous world. The trickster could be a personification of the chaos that the world needs to function.
An archetypical example is the simple peasant successfully put to the test by a King who wishes a suitable suitor for his daughter. In this fairy tale, no brave and valiant prince or knight succeeds. Aided only by his natural wit, the peasant evades danger and triumphs over monsters and villains without fighting. Thus the most unlikely candidate passes the trials and receives the prize. Such characters are a staple of animated cartoons, in particular those used and developed by Tex Avery et al. during the Golden Age of American animation.
Hynes and Doty, in Mythical Trickster Figures (1997) state that every trickster has several of the following six traits:
Bleeding Tree Folklore in Nigeria

In Nigeria, some trees are known as bleeding trees because they produce red sap that looks like blood. In places like Ota in Ogun State and Okrika in Rivers State, these trees are considered sacred and are believed to have spiritual or supernatural powers.
In several communities across Nigeria, bleeding trees and other sacred trees hold deep cultural and spiritual significance. Based on local tales, these trees are believed to house ancestral spirits or deities, and cutting them is thought to bring misfortune.
In Okrika, Rivers State, bleeding trees are linked to the spirit world, with some residents believing the sap symbolizes the blood of disturbed ancestors. Similarly, in Ota, Ogun State, the phenomenon is associated with protective spirits who guard the community. Community elders often discourage cutting or harming these trees to avoid angering the spirits or inviting bad luck.
Bleeding trees are also integrated into traditional healing practices. Some believe that the red sap has medicinal properties and is used to treat blood-related ailments. Ritual offerings and prayers are sometimes conducted near these trees to seek blessings or protection.
The bleeding effect in these trees can be explained by biological processes. Certain tree species produce red or reddish-brown sap as a natural defense mechanism against insects and infections. Notable examples include:
Pterocarpus angolensis (bloodwood tree): Native to parts of Africa, this tree exudes a deep red sap when cut, which has led to many cultural interpretations.
Corymbia opaca (red bloodwood tree): Found primarily in Australia, this tree produces a similar red resin that has ritualistic and medicinal uses among Indigenous groups. The red sap results from tannins and other pigments released by the tree’s vascular system when the bark is damaged. Despite the scientific explanation, local communities often continue to regard the phenomenon as mystical.
Marini Zumarnis

Marini Kartika Sari Zumarnis ditepungi kanthi jeneng Marini Zumarnis, (lair ing Jakarta, 24 Maret 1976; umur 49 taun) ya iku juru main sinétron lan bintang iklan. Wiwitan ditepungi nalika Marini dadi bintang sinétron "Shangrilla" ing taun 90an, lan dadi bintang iklan Rose Brand, Bodrexin lan Alfamart. Kariré tansaya misuwur nalika dhèwèké nggentèni Ayu Azhari merananaké Ibu Peri ing sinétron kang judhulé Bidadari.
Marini Zumarnis miwiti aktingé dadi modhèl nalika isih sekolah kelas 2 SMA. Sawisé iku banjur ana tawaran kanggo main sinétron. Marini Zumarnis miwiti kariré dadi pemeran pembantu ing sinétron Lobi-lobi taun 1995. Sawisé iku Marini Zumarnis main ing sinétron kang judhulé Senja Makin Merah, Shangrilla,Asmara ing taun 1996. Sinétron liyané kang uga dibintangi Marini Zumarnis ya iku Selangkah Demi Selangkah (1996), Bukan Perempuan Biyasa (1996), Bukan Basa-Basi (1997), Doa Membawa Berkah, Ibu Pungut Dan Aku Bukan Cantik.
Marini Zumarnis palakrama karo Denny Wardhana nalika tanggal 28 Fèbruari 1998. Marini ketemu karo Denny Wardhana kang sepisanan ya iku nalika sasi Agustus 1997. Saka bebrayan iki, leloroné éntuk anak. Jenengé anaké ya iku Mohammad Daffa Wardana. Nalika sasi Dhésèmber 2006, Marini Zumarnis lan bojoné ya iku Denny Wardhana nglakokaké ibadhah haji kang sepisanan.
Film kang dibintangi Marini Zumarnis.
Sinetron kang dibintangi Marini Zumarnis.
SKE48

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SKE48 ya iku grup idola Jepang kang mapanné ing Teater SKE48, Sunshine Sakae, Nagoya. Jeneng SKE48 asalé saka jeneng panggonan gedhong pertunjukan kang digunakaké dèwèké kang mapan ing Sakae. Grup iki diwangun 30 Juli 2008 déning Produser Yasushi Akimoto minangka grup sadulur pisanan saka AKB48. Kaya déné AKB48, konsèp SKE48 ya iku idola kang bisa kwoé temoni.
Rikako Hirata ya iku pemimpin di Tim S.
Akane Takayanagi ya iku pemimpin di Tim KII.
Madoka Umemoto ya iku pemimpin di Tim E.
*Album Tim S**Album Tim KII
Dua pertunjukan teater sisan:
Cithakan:SKE48 Cithakan:AKB48 Cithakan:NMB48 Cithakan:Pertunjukan teater AKB48
Setatsiyun Kamimaezu

Setatsiyun Kamimaezu (上前津駅, Kamimaezu-eki) yaiku setatsiyun metro ngisor lemah sing ana ing Naka-ku, Nagoya, Prefektur Aichi, Jepang sing dioperasike dening Nagoya Municipal Subway. Setatsiyun kasebut menika setatsiyun persimpangan antarane Jalur Tsurumai lan Jalur Meijō, lan adohé 8,8 kilometer saka terminus Jalur Tsurumai ing Setatsiyun Kami-Otai lan 1,6 kilometer saka terminus Jalur Meijō ing Setatsiyun Kanayama.
Médhia magepokan Setatsiyun Kamimaezu ing Wikimedia Commons
Koordhinat: 35°09′27″N 136°54′24″E﻿ / ﻿35.1575°N 136.9066°E﻿ / 35.1575; 136.9066
Cithakan:Aichi-railstation-stub
Kolintang

Kolintang utawa kulintang iku piranti musik kang kapérang saka barisan gong cilik kang ditata kanthi jejer. Piranti iki anggoné nggunakaké bebarengan karo gong lan drum. Kolintang iku kagolong kelompok piranti musik gong ing Asia Tenggara, kang wis digunakaké wiwit biyèn ing Kepuloan Melayu Wétan-Filipina, Indonésia Wétan, Malaysia Wétan, Brunei, lan Timor. Piranti musik iki wis malih. Jaman biyèn piranti iki mung kanggo mènèhi tandha nalika ana wara-wara ing warga masarakat. Gunane kolintang iku béda-béda, saben jaman béda anggoné nggunakaké . Gunane piranti iki manut jaman lan buddayane, kaya ta agama Hindhu, Buda, Islam, Kristen, lan budaya kulon, kulintang kerep owah lan manut owah-owahaning jaman.
Piranti musik iki digawé saka kayu kang entheng nanging kuwat kaya déné kayu bandaran, wenang, kakinik kayu cempaka. Jeneng kolintang asalé saka suwara tong (nada cendhak), ing (nadha dhuwur) lan tang (nadha biyasa). Ing bas dhaera tembung kang isiné ngajak dolanan tang, ing, tong ya iku: Mangemo kumolintang. Banjur ukara iku owah dadi tembung kolintang.
Pyongyang

P'yŏngyang iku kutha krajan Koréa Lor kang dumunung ing lor-kulon nagara iku, cedhak karo Kali Taedong.
Ing taun 1993, gunggung kang ndunungi Pyongyang ana 2.741.260 jiwa. Kutha iki kanthi administratif sajajar karo papréntahan provinsi.
Miturut legendha, Pyongyang dibangun ing taun 2333 Sadurungé Masehi. Kutha iki minangka kutha utama Dinasti Go-Joseon. Goguryeo mindhahaké kutha krajané mréné ing taun 427. Krajan Tang lan Silla nganakaké pasekuton lan ngalahaké Goguryeo ing taun 668.
Taun 676, Pyongyang dikuwasani déning Silla.
Cithakan:Kutha krajan ing Asia
Kaisar Kangxi

Kaisar Kangxi (Hanzi: 康熙, lair 4 Mèi 1654 – pati 20 Dhésèmber 1722 ing umur 68 taun) ya iku kaisar saka Dinasti Qing kkapapat lan kaisar Tiongkok nomer loro saka bangsa Manchu kang nguwasani papréntahan taun 1661 nganti tekan taun 1722. Dhèwèké dikenal dadi salah siji kaisar kang paling apik ana ing Tiongkok, amarga sadawané papréntahane Tiongkok bisa tumuwuh pesat ana ing babagan budaya lan uga militèr, rakyat uga bisa urip kanthi ayem. Ana ing jaman semana Tiongkok dadi kamaharajan gedhé dhéwé ana ing donya kanthui wewengkon kang paling amba, populasi paling akèh, pasukane kuata kan banda donya kang ora bisa diitung. Mangsa papréntahane kang suwenen nganti tekan 61 taun ndadèkaké dhèwèké dadi kaisar kang paling suwé anggoné nguwasani tahata ana ing sajarah Tiongkok. Dhèwèké marisi tahta nalika umuré nembé 8 taun, ana ing umur kang isih enom iku dhèwèké didampingi déning wali saka Ibusuri Xiaozhuang, kang mènèhi prabawa kanggo uripé. Kangxi lair kanthi jeneng cilik Aisin Gioro Xuanye (爱新觉罗玄燁) ya iku putra nomer telu saka Kaisar Shunzhi lan selir Tunggiya. Taun 1661, Shunzhi dilaporake mati lan marisake tahta marang awake. Sadurungé Shunzhi wis milih Suoni, Ebilong, Sukesaha, lan Aobai dadi wali kanggo mbantu kaisar kang isih cilik iku anggoné nglakokaké kewajibane ana ing papréntahan. Wali-wali iki ora tau akur kanggo ngrebutake kakuwasn. Saka ka papat waline Aobai dadi kang paling duwé ambisi. Dhèwèké dadi wali tunggal kanggo Kangxi sawisé Suoni mati lan Sukesaha diukum mati, Ebilong banjur nyatakake tunduk marang dhèwèké. Taun 1669, nalika umuré 14 taun, Kangxi mutusaké kanggo mimpin papréntahan kanthi independen. Saka bantuwane Ibusuri Ziaozhuang, dhèwèké njebak Aobai lan jeblosake marang kunjara. Wiwit saka iku Kangxi nembé bisa mimpin papréntahan kanthi mandiri.
Cithakan:Pratélan kang Agung
Dangjin

Dangjin inggih punika satunggaling kutha wonten ing Chungcheong Kidul, Korea Kidul. Kutha punika mapan wonten ing pantai kidul Teluk Asan. Wates Dangjin Incheon, Pyeongtaek, lan Hwaseong lumantar sagara lan Seosan, Yesan, lan Asan lumantar dharat. Namanipun punika ateges "feri Tang," ing perag sejarah pelabuhan Dangjin nalika damel sambetipun Koréa dhateng sisih sanesipun saking Sagara Kuning. Peran punika sansaya dados wigati wonten ing bab ekonomi kutha, ingkang gumantung marang campursan tetanen saha indutri ingkang abot.
Cithakan:Pirsani ugi Kutha kaperang saking 2 eup, 9 myeon lan 3 dong.
Nama "Dangjin" punika ingkang sapisan dipunginakaken kanggé wewengkon punika sedangunipun Dinasti Joseon. Saking 1413-1895, dipunmangertosi minangka Dangjin-hyeon, satunggaling divisi saking Chungcheong. Kutha punika dumugi wates ingkang samenika ing taun 1973, kanthi nggabungaken sapérangan Jeongmi-myeon dhateng Unsan-myeon Seosan.
Nalika wonten ing wulan Maret 2005, ing Dangjin punika wonten 33 sekolah dasar, 12 sekolah menengah, lan 38 TK, paring layanan dhateng 14.293 siswa. Ing tambahanipun wonten sekolah menenggah inggil. Satunggaling lembaga pawiyatan inggil wonten kutha kasebat inggih punika Kampus Shinsung.
Dangjin punika dalemipun tumrap sapérangan pabrik, kalebet pabrik baja ingkang dipunoperasiaken déning Hyundai Hysco lan Hyundai INI Steel. Pabrik-pabrik punika dipuncawisaken déning déning prau ingkang manded wonten ing Pelabuhan Harbor, pelabuhan kargo mawi 5 dermaga, 2 ing antawisipun punika kanggé ngirim gulungan baja.
Dangjin punika satunggaling kutha alit ingkang mapan wonten ing pantai kulon Koréa. Sinaosa Dangjin punika kutha ingkang alit, piyambakaken nyawisaken sapérangan restoran, bioskop lokal, taman, perpustakaan, kafe internet, supermarket gaya Kulon, klub kasarasan, papan siram kanthi tuk (mata air) ingkang alami, pasar tradhisional Koréa lan sapérangan monumen budaya wonten celakipun lan pameran. Dangjin punika mapan wonten ing celakipun Taenhaen Marine Park lan kathah pantai sanesipun.
Dangjin punika ugi gadhah sesambetan kutha kembar kanthi pérangan saking provinsi Liaoning lan Jilin wonten ing Cina.
Cithakan:Chungcheong Kulon Cithakan:Kutha metropolitan ing Korea Kidul Koordhinat: 36°53′35″N 126°37′41″E﻿ / ﻿36.89306°N 126.62806°E﻿ / 36.89306; 126.62806
The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces

The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces is a 1980 book and a film by US sociologist William H. Whyte that records and analyses human behaviour in public space through a number of case studies in Manhattan, New York.
The book and film describe Whyte's analytical process and approach to evaluating and understanding a series of public spaces, mostly small parks, squares and office tower plazas in Manhattan, New York City. The book summarised research undertaken as part of the Street Life Project for the New York City Planning Commission that Whyte had collated since 1969.
The book is set out with the following eleven thematic chapters:
A total of 18 small urban spaces in Manhattan were comparatively analysed. The majority of public spaces were located in Midtown Manhattan. All spaces were built in the post World War II era and a majority are forecourts or public spaces associated with a modern commercial office towers. Paley Park and Greenacre Park were included as they are predominantly paved public spaces in the city with similar patterns of use as the other 16 locations.
The following list shows the original collection name of each site in the first column as used in graphs and charts in the book. Where building names have changed since 1980 this is noted.
In 1980 Whyte also released a documentary film with the same title as the 1980 book. On release the 16mm film could be purchased for $750 or hired for $75 on two reels from the Municipal Art Society of New York.
In 1981 a lightly re-edited version was made by Nova for broadcast on PBS, titled "City Spaces, Human Places".
东方明珠广播电视塔

东方明珠广播电视塔，是一座位於中華人民共和國上海市浦东陆家嘴的未來主義式廣播電視塔，与外滩隔黄浦江相望。其原名為“上海广播电视塔”，上海市民也常简称其为“东方明珠”。該建築由华东建筑设计研究院设计，1991年7月30日动工，1994年11月18日落成，1995年5月1日開放。東方明珠廣播電視塔曾是中国大陆的最高建筑，直至2007年被环球金融中心取代為止。东方明珠自落成后便为上海天际线的组成部分之一，是上海市的地标性建筑，同时也是中国国家5A级旅游景区，总高468米，由3根斜撑、3根立柱、广场、塔座、下球体、上球体、五个小球体、太空舱等共同构成，是集购物娱乐、都市观光、浦江游览、广播电视发射等多功能于一体的上海十大新景观之一。
进入1980年代，上海城市建设快速发展，百米以上的高楼逐渐出现。当时，上海的广播电视主要依靠建造于1974年，高210米的上海电视塔传送讯息。由于城市高层建筑不断出现，电视信号的阴影区也不断增加，影响了市民广播电视节目的收看。1983年，当时的上海市广播事业局在未来规划中提出新建400米以上的新电视塔的构想，并着手开始选择新址。1985年6月，当时的上海市城乡规划委员会发布沪规委219号批文，确定电视台的新址设在当时属于黄浦区的陆家嘴纺织原料仓库和海军仓库原址内。
1986年10月30日，上海市广播电视局向当时上海市计划委员会正式提交《上海（新建）广播塔及附属设备项目建议书》。1987年1月17日，经国家计委批准上海市对于该项目的立项，同意建造高达450米的电视塔。此后，至1991年7月30日动工前，相关部门分别就材料、信号发射设备、气象条件、总体设计等诸多方面进行多次会议讨论，最终确定电视塔总高为468米，电视和调频广播的覆盖半径达80公里。
在电视塔建造之初，上海市广播电视局的经费十分有限，一期所需资金，最初是由广播电视局向银行筹资2亿元解决。尽管如此，但一期工程资金缺口仍达到2亿元人民币，同时二期工程所需建设资金3亿元人民币也尚未筹集。为此，上海市广播电视局向上海市人民政府提议，将上海广播电视塔转型为股份有限公司，并推动其上市以公开募股。经讨论研究后，上海市政府相关部门同意这一设想。1992年5月3日，以上海广播电视塔为依托的上海东方明珠 (集团)股份有限公司经中国人民银行上海市分行批准，委托上海万国证券公司为主承销商正式对外发行股票4.1亿元。其中，公司发起方认购3.7亿元，向社会法人招募2000万元，另外2000万元向社会个人公开发行，每股面值10元，发行价格51元。1994年2月24日，东方明珠正式在上海证券交易所上市。
在确保建设资金基本到位的情况下，1991年12月14日，上海广播电视塔开工打桩，工程由上海建工集团一公司负责主要施工，工业设备安装公司、基础工程公司、机械施工公司、建工材料公司等公司共同参建。至1993年12月14日，电视塔已经完成主体结构并加速各球体的安装。1994年4月20日起，高达118米的发射天线开始装吊，至5月1日，天线到达预定位置。11月18日，东方明珠开始对外试营业，但观光层和太空舱并不属于试营业范围。1995年5月1日，正式举行落成和发射典礼，同时观光层也对外开放。东方明珠公司充分发挥电视塔的空间和位置优势，不断开发新的观光、旅游、餐饮、购物、娱乐、休闲等功能。1996年观光业务收益达1.2亿元。2000年，东方明珠公司还清全部银团贷款。2024年9月29日下午，东方明珠塔迎来第一亿位游客。
上海广播电视塔概念來自白居易的詩《琵琶行》一節中大珠小珠落玉盤的定格概念，由三个相距7米，呈品字形排列的圆筒体和三个与地面成60度角，直径达7米的斜撑构成主体，期间排列贯穿了11个大小不等的球体。圆筒体直径9米，内置6部高速运行的电梯及管线，由钢筋混凝土筑成。11个球体为球形钢空间网架结构，并采用国产新型铝蜂窝金属幕墙板贴面围护。最底层为混凝土基座。观光层、客房、餐厅、展览馆、广播电视发射设备分布于球体和基座内。
东方明珠的基层为零米大厅，主要为广播电视塔的入口，同时也包含上海城市历史发展陈列展示馆。展览面积达一万平米，主要展现自上海开埠以来城市风情和发展的概况。
东方明珠的圆筒形结构，通过小球形成一个个独立区段。圆筒内设置有双层电梯一部，速度达到4米/秒，可容纳50人。两部速度达7米/秒，可容30人的电梯，40秒内直达上层球体。两部可容30人，运行速度为4米/秒，分层停留的电梯。最后在250米至341米区间运行一部容纳8人，速度为2.5米/秒的电梯。
上海广播电视塔，主要分下、中、上和太空舱总计1个部分。下球球体直径达到50米，位于100米的高空，主要为观光平台，还设置有一部室内过山车。中球体总计五个，直径为12米，内部主要为空中客房，分布于118米至210米的高空。上球体，位于250余米的高空，球体内主要安装了广播电视发射机房。另外，263米处再设置一观光层，267米处为东方明珠旋转餐厅，转速为每2小时一圈，可容纳1600人。自2009年5月1日起，在259米高空的球体内，增设一个环形玻璃观光通道，称之为“悬空观光廊”。整个通道采用钢结构，玻璃敷设地面与墙体，游客行走于其中，可以透过地面和外墙俯视黄浦江和陆家嘴地区的风貌。
最上部为太空舱，由一个直径为16米的球体，设置有高级观光层、会议厅和咖啡馆。一旦大气透明度允许，可在太空舱内隐约看见长江口、崇明岛甚至是远郊的佘山。太空舱於1996年5月对外开放，2013年、2017年和2023年分别经历过改造更新。
东方明珠自建成后，不仅是地标性建筑，同时也成为上海全民健身运动的一个举办场所。1996年1月1日，上海市体育局便在上海广播电视塔举行元旦登高活动，此后便形成一个惯例和常设活动。
每年的登高活动一般于1月1日上午9时，在东方明珠广场上开始，参赛人数一般在500名左右，另外还有2000名选手参加长跑活动。比赛常设男子组和女子组，当然也会根据不同情况增设其他组别。例如2011年的登高活动增设金葵花城市朝阳组、欢乐和睦家庭组两个组别。
从2009年起，作为上海标志性建筑的东方明珠宣布加入“地球一小时”的活动中，以此来响应世界自然基金会的节能减排号召。2009年3月28日晚8点30分，上海广播电视塔关闭所有户外景观灯光1个小时。2010年3月27日，东方明珠和整个陆家嘴金融贸易区都熄灯一小时。2011年3月26日晚，东方明珠第三年参加地球一小时活动。
2010年4月13日凌晨，申城正逢雷雨大风。2时20分前后，上海广播电视塔顶部遭雷击后起火，在不到1小时内，被消防队员扑灭。根据调查显示，此次火灾是因为发射天线遭雷击以后，点燃了保护天线的外罩。而也有工程师认为，有可能是天线长期未维护，导致天线罩老化。同时，东方明珠所用的避雷设施为“半导体少长针避雷针”，针体为半导体材料的玻璃钢，一旦发生老化，遇雷击后也极易发生火灾。加之这种避雷针不易维护，导致自1990年代中期以后便很少维修。所幸火灾扑灭及时，并未对相关设备造成损坏，广播电视信号收发和日常观光也没造成影响。
此处曾是2017年中国中央电视台春节联欢晚会的四处分会场之一。
以下未标明高清者均为标清频道。
东方明珠 (公司)

东方明珠新媒体股份有限公司（上交所：600637）成立於1992年，前身為「上海東方明珠（集團）股份有限公司」，上市前身代碼為600832.SS，從事文化休閑娱樂（包括建設及經營東方明珠塔、旅遊、餐飲、高檔消費）、媒體（移動電視、手機電視）、對外投資（股票、物流、房地產、教育設施、物業管理）等業務，是上海市人民政府列入的50家重點大型企業之一。母公司是上海文化廣播影視集團。
东方明珠公司的成立目的是解决东方明珠广播电视塔的建设资金问题。1992年8月8日，为解决项目后续资金需求，由上海市广电局下属4家单位发起，成立东方明珠公司，先后又向银团借款4次，连同第一次，总金额8.3亿元人民币。1994年2月24日，东方明珠公司在上海证券交易所挂牌上市，成为中国内地首家文化领域上市公司。东方明珠公司充分发挥电视塔的空间和位置优势，不断开发新的观光、旅游、餐饮、购物、娱乐、休闲等功能。1996年观光业务收益达1.2亿元。2000年，东方明珠公司还清全部银团贷款。此后东方明珠公司逐步确立起以传媒投资为发展方向的主营业务战略格局，打造以文化休闲和新媒体产业为主业的多元化经营的集团公司。
2014年5月25日，东方明珠宣布，旗下子公司与索尼电脑娱乐将在上海自由贸易区成立2家合资公司，运作PlayStation 4在中国大陆地区的硬件与软件服务。
2015年5月，百视通启动吸收合并东方明珠的程序，原“东方明珠”股票（代码600832）于5月20日摘牌停止交易。6月19日，百视通已完成重大资产重组所有审批程序与交割程序，公司名称更名为“东方明珠”，并在上海证券交易所挂牌上市。原百视通成为东方明珠多媒体旗下子公司。
2015年7月17日至2015年8月14日，东方明珠经上海文化产权交易所公开挂牌出售风行网63%股权，受让方为深圳市兆驰股份有限公司。出售后，东方明珠仍持有风行网19.76%的股权。
未來主義建築

未來主義建築是20世紀初期起源於意大利的建築形式，特點是反歷史主義，多運用長線條，象徵速度，運動，緊迫性和抒情性。它是未來主義藝術運動的一部分，由詩人菲利波·托馬索·馬里內蒂於1909年發表的《未來主義宣言》發起。
20世紀20年代和20世紀30年代裝飾派藝術風格的建築，其流線型的形式被視為未來主義。
和平饭店

31°14′19.88″N 121°29′13.79″E﻿ / ﻿31.2388556°N 121.4871639°E﻿ / 31.2388556; 121.4871639
和平饭店（英語：Peace Hotel）是位于上海南京东路与外滩路口的一家饭店，其有南楼和北楼两栋历史建筑组成。饭店在1956年开业，接替原先已停业的华懋饭店继续使用沙逊大厦，即北楼。1965年原汇中饭店并入和平饭店，即南楼，地址分别为南京东路20号和23号。1965年至2010年之间，两座建筑共同作为“和平饭店”经营。1991年到1994年，和平饭店连续4个年度被评为“世界最著名饭店”，并至今仍是中国唯一一家被评为世界著名饭店的酒店。
2007年至2010年，两家饭店都经历整修和重组，2010年北楼的原华懋饭店作为加拿大费尔蒙酒店集团旗下“上海和平饭店”恢复营业，南楼原汇中饭店改为斯沃琪和平饭店艺术中心，主要对艺术家开放。目前，上海和平饭店共有270间客房，包括39间套房。而斯沃琪和平饭店艺术中心则在二和三楼有18间客房，在四楼有7间套房。
上海和平饭店的九国特色套房为其一特色，这九间套房每个房间的建筑风格都来自9个不同国家。此外，和平飯店老年爵士酒吧也是上海最负盛名的爵士乐队之一，成立于1980年，由7名年纪超过75岁的老人组织，每晚都会演奏二十世紀三、四十年代欧美爵士流行曲。
位于南京东路北面的过去称为“北楼”，原名华懋饭店也称“沙逊大厦”，建于1929年，总高77米，共9层，地下有一层，临黄浦江一面则有13层，有装饰艺术的风格和芝加哥学派的哥特式风格。由英资新沙逊洋行下属的华懋地产建造，当时曾被称为“远东第一楼”。建筑委托公和洋行设计，华商新仁记营造厂承建，在1926年启建，并于1929年9月5日落成。它的19米高的墨绿色金字塔形铜顶多年来都是外滩的一个显著的标志。
2007至2010年，和平饭店北楼首次停业並进行一次修缮和扩建，2010年8月重新开业。2024年6月，和平饭店北楼外立面开启修复加固。
位于南京东路南面的过去称为“南楼”，原称汇中饭店。其曾与礼查饭店同为租界内历史最悠久的外资旅馆。建筑由由玛礼逊洋行的建筑设计师高脱设计，1908年竣工，高6层、30米，建筑面积11607平方米，以砖木结构为主。建筑风格属于新文艺复兴式样，大面积白色面砖外墙，以红砖腰线分割，底层则为石砌外墙。
和平饭店的前身华懋饭店曾经接待过众多国内外名流和重要团体。当时，来调查九一八事变的国际联盟调查团，就曾在结束东北的调查后，于1932年9月来沪入住华懋饭店。1909年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者、“无线电之父”马可尼，在1933年12月曾下榻华懋。1945年12月，美国特使乔治·卡特莱特·马歇尔上将来华，20日到上海后也下榻于华懋饭店的豪华套间中。除此之外，孙中山、宋庆龄、卓别林、萧伯纳、诺埃尔·考沃德等也曾在此就餐或入住。而诺埃尔·考沃德正是在这里完成了戏剧《私生活》的创作。
在和平饭店时期，英國女王伊利莎白二世、法國前總理密特朗、美國前總統罗纳德·里根、比尔·克林顿、布什、前奥委会主席萨马兰奇、巴西总统卢拉都曾到访、就餐或入住。此外，1998年10月，海峡两岸的第二次“汪辜会谈”也是在这里举行的。2001年，APEC会议在上海召开，各国领导人曾在此就餐。
上海和平饭店有供宴会及婚礼使用的和平厅，其是是和平饭店最大的宴会厅，位于8楼。酒店还设有蔚柳溪水疗中心和健身中心供住客进行水疗理疗和健身。此外，酒店共有6间餐厅和酒吧，如上海特色餐厅龙凤厅、爵士吧、华懋阁西餐厅及观景露台、Cin Cin 吧、茉·莉酒廊以及维克多咖啡厅。