davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Paghaliling apostoliko

Ang paghaliling apostoliko o apostolic succession ang inaangking ang hindi napatid na sunod sunod na mga paghalili mula sa apostol hanggang sa sa mga sunod sunod na obispo ng isang simbahan. Ito ay inilarawan ng Arsobispo ng Canterbury na si Michael Ramsey(1961-1974) bilang:
Isinaad ni Ramsey na ang huli ay kontrobersiyal dahil ang doktrinang ito ay hindi matatagpuan bago ang panahon ni Agustin ng Hipona.
Ang doktrinang ito ay binuo noong ika-2 siglo sa unang kahulugang ibinigay ni Ramsey. Ito ay bilang tugon sa mga pag-aangkin ng mga Kristiyanong Gnostiko noong ika-2 siglo na sila ay nakatanggap ng isang lihim na katuruan mula kay Kristo o mga apostol. Kalaunan lamang ito binigyan ng ibang kahulugan.
Ipinakilala nina Hegesippus (180? CE) at Irenaeus (180 CE) ang ideya ng paghalili ng isang obispo bilang garantiya ng katotohanan ng ipinangangaral nito sa kadahilianang ito ay mababakas pabalik sa mga apostol.
Ang mga Protestante ay tumututol sa doktrinang ito na kanilang sinasabing hindi matatagpuan sa Kasulatan. Ang Bagong Tipan ay gumagamit ng 'obispo' at 'presbitero' bilang alternatibong mga pangalan para sa parehong opisina. Sa karagdagan, kanilang isinaad na hindi ito matatagpuan sa mga kasulatan ng mga ama ng simbahan bago ni Agustin ng Hipona noong ika-4 siglo CE.
Inaangkin ng Simbahang Katoliko Romano na si Pedro na apostol ni Hesus ang unang obispo ng Roma at gumawa sa isang nagngangalang Linus bilang kahalili niyang obispo at kaya ay nagpasimula ito ng isang linyang paghalili ng mga obispo mula kay Pedro na kinabibilangan ng mga kasalukuyang papa ng Romano Katoliko. Gayunpaman, isinaad sa mga konstitusyong apostoliko na si Linus ang unang obispo ng Roma at inordinahan ni Apostol Pablo at si Linus ay hinalinhan ni Clemente na inordinahan naman ni Pedro. Ayon sa mga skolar at historyan, ang opisinang Monarkikal na Obispo ay lumitaw lamang noong ikalawang siglo CE. Sa mga liham lamang ni Ignacio ng Antioquia sa kanyang pagtungo sa Roma noong ika-2 siglo na kanyang inilarawan at ikinatwiran na ang mga simbahan ay pinangunahan ng isang obispo na inaalalayan ng mga presbitero at deakono. Ayon kay propesor Richard McBrien, "dapat maalala na salungat sa banal na paniniwala ng Katoliko--ang monoarkikal na istrukturang episkopal ng simbahan (na kilala bilang episkopatang monarkikal kung saan ang bawat diyoses ay pinamumunuan ng isang obispo) ay hindi pa umiiral sa Roma sa panahong ito. Ayon kay Padre Francis A. Sullivan, "ang makukuhang ebidensiya ay nagpapakita na ang simbahan sa Roma ay pinamunuan ng isang kolehiyo ng mga presbitero sa halip na isang obispo sa loob ng hindi bababa sa ilang mga dekada ng ikalawang siglo CE. Ayon din kay Fr. Sullivan, "Ang Bagong Tipan o ang sinaunang kasaysayang Kristiyano ay hindi nag-aalok ng suporta sa nosyon ng paghaliling apostoliko bilang 'isang hindi naputol na linya ng ordinasyong episkopal sa pamamagitan ng mga apostol sa mga siglo tungo sa mga obispo ngayon'" at "Ang Bagong Tipan ay hindi nag-aalok ng suporta para sa teoriya ng paghaliling apostoliko na nagpapalagay na ang mga apostol ay humirang o nag-ordina ng isang obispo para sa bawat mga simbahang kanilang itinatag".
CDO Foodsphere

Ang CDO-Foodsphere Inc. (CDO) ay isa sa pinakamalaking pagawaan ng nakaimpakeng karne na nakabase sa Lungsod ng Valenzuela. Ito ay itinatag ni Corazon D. Ong noong Hunyo 25, 1975.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Pilipinas ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
DWJM

Ang DWJM (88.3 FM), sumasahimpapawid bilang Jam 88.3, ay isang himpilan ng radyo na pagmamay-ari at pinamamahala ng Raven Broadcasting Corporation. Ang estudyo nito ay matatagpuan sa Unit 906-A Paragon Plaza, EDSA cor. Reliance St., Mandaluyong, at ang transmiter nito ay matatagpuan sa Palos Verdes Executive Village, Sumulong Highway, Brgy. Sta. Cruz, Antipolo.
Itinatag ang himpilang ito noong Hulyo 26, 1986 bilang Citylite 88.3 sa ilalim ng call letters DWFR. Nung una, meron itong soft adult contemporary na format na nagpatugtog ng isang kantang smooth jazz kada oras. Makalipas ng ilang buwan, dumalas ang pagtugtog ng smooth jazz. Noong Oktubre 1988, nagpalit ito ng call letters sa DWCT at naging smooth AC ang format nito, na nagpatugtog ng smooth jazz at R&B. Kabilang sa mga personalidad ng Citylite ay sina Pancho Alvarez, Pinky Aseron, Mike Taylor (Adam Kite), Ramon Cruz (Joey Pizza) at J. Zorrilla (Jlatin), pati sina Eya Perdigon at Wickette bilang tagapagbalita.
Noong Oktubre 1996, inilunsad ng Citylite ang sariling live streaming sa website nito. Nung panahong yan, Naging kaanib din ito ng CNN at Asia Business News sa radyo.
Noong 1998, binili ng pamilya Vera ang Raven Broadcasting Corporation mula sa grupong pinamuno ni Francisco Ravina, kasama ang mga bokal na sina Gerry Geronimo (host ng Ating Alamin), Steve Salonga, Alex Limjuco, Kit Ravina, Francis Lumen, Bong Sierra at Mike Pedero, na nagsilbing program director ng himpilang nung unang panahon. Samantala, lumipat si Francis Lumen sa NBC, na kakabili ng MediaQuest, bilang program director ng mga himpilan nito sa FM.
Noong Marso 2001, naging Smooth Jazz Citylite 88.3 ito. Noong Hunyo 30, 2003, namaalam ang Citylite sa ere, na ang Eumir Deodato's "Love Island" bilang huling kantang pinatugtog nito.
Noong Hulyo 1, 2003, muling inilunsad ang himpilang ito bilang Jam 88.3 na may soft rock na format. Nagpalit din ito ng call letters sa DWJM. Si Ronaldo Sulit ("Joe D'Mango") ang nagsilbing tagapamahala ng Jam at ang Wave 89.1 hanggang 2007, noong pinalitan siya ni Eric Perpetua. Noong 2005, naging modern adult contemporary ang format nito.
Noong 2011, naging modern rock ang format nito. Noong Setyembre 11, 2012, muli ito inilunsad, kasabay ang paglunsad ng mga bago nitong programa, kagaya ng WRXP: Weekend Rock XPerience at Fresh Filter, kung saan tampok ang mga lokal at nagsasariling banda at artista. The program ended in March 2017 and was replaced by Locals Only, a program similar to Fresh Filter.
Noong Oktubre 3, 2022, muli ito inilunsad na may bansag na "We Rock Radio", kasabay ang paglunsad ng mga bago nitong programa. Pinalawig ang playlist nito sa pagtugtog ng mga kanta mula dekada 90 hanggang sa kasalukuyan.
DYRJ-FM

Ang DYRJ (100.3 FM) ay isang himpilang riley ng RJFM Manila, na pagmamay-ari at pinamamahalaan ng Rajah Broadcasting Network. Ang transmiter nito ay matatagpuan sa 10th Floor, Ludo at Luym Building, Plaridel Street, Lungsod ng Cebu.
Itinatag ang himpilang ito noong 1987 bilang RJFM na may album rock na format. Noong 1996, naging Boss Radio ito. Noong 2000, naging The Hive ito na may modern rock na format. Noong 2003, naging riley ito ng RJ 100.3 na nakabase sa Maynila.
List of renamed streets in Metro Manila

This is a partial list of streets or roads in Metro Manila, Philippines, that underwent a name change in the past.
Many place names in the country were changed after the islands achieved full sovereignty in 1946, following nearly four centuries of colonial occupation. Motorways named after Spanish and American colonists were subsequently altered to those of Filipino nationalist leaders and figures. This practice continued with the adoption of Tagalog (via its standardised register, Filipino) as the country's official national language.
Recently, streets have been renamed more aggressively after deceased or incumbent politicians, influential businessmen, and their relatives, which Filipino historian Gregorio F. Zaide described as a product of "bigoted nationalism" and "jingoism" done by self-serving public officials without regard to their historical significance.
Román Ongpin

Román Ongpin y Tanbensiang (February 18, 1847 – December 10, 1912) was a Chinese Filipino businessman and philanthropist who aided Filipino revolutionaries against the Spanish and American colonial administration in the Philippine islands.
Ongpin was born in Binondo, Manila on February 28, 1847 to Simón Ongpin and Sinfrosa Tanbensiang. His father Simón (Chinese: 王翼彬; pinyin: Wáng Yìbīn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ông Ia̍k-pin; hispanicised as "Ongpinco", Chinese: 王彬哥; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ông-pin-ko; later shortened to become "Ongpin", Chinese: 王彬; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ông-pin) was among those who left mainland China for the Philippines to do business, which he had learnt at a young age.
Ongpin established his own business in 1883 which he named "El 82" to symbolise the colony’s rebirth from the cholera epidemic the year before. Ongpin's business was a success, and his wealth and social standing improved. He pioneered the use of fixed pricing and the double-entry accounting system. Among the exclusive wares he sold at El 82 were art supplies; Ongpin's wife, Pascuala Domingo, was a descendant of Filipino painter Damián Domingo, noted for his more secular subjects. Through this, Ongpin also got involved with the Illustrados.
Ongpin eventually became a financier of the Katipunan, letting the revolutionary organisation use his store as one of its many hideouts. Ongpin also provided cash and food to the movement until the end of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. Ongpin once again aided Filipinos in the ensuing Philippine–American War, and was jailed by American forces in December 1900.
Despite his release in March 1901, Ongpin remained staunchly opposed to the United States' occupation of the islands. He expressed this by not catering to Americans, and teaching his children to be self-sufficient without help from foreigners.
Ongpin was also involved in civic organizations and held several positions in these. He was the Teniente Primo de Mestizos, president of Casa Asilo de Inválidos Filipinos de Guerra (an institution for war veterans formed by Pascual Poblete) and treasurer of the Unión Obrera Democrática Filipina formed by labour activist Isabelo de los Reyes. He was also a member of the Philippine Chamber of Commerce.
Ongpin died on December 10, 1912, due to heart ailment. Before his death, he requested his family to dress his remains in a barong tagalog. He was interred at the North Cemetery of Manila.
The street Calle Sacristia in Manila was renamed as Ongpin Street on September 17, 1915 and a monument of Ongpin was built near the Binondo Church and the Plaza de Binondo (now Plaza San Lorenzo Ruiz).
San Vicente de Paul Church (Manila)

San Vicente de Paul Church, also known as the Archdiocesan Shrine of Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal, is a Roman Catholic church located in Ermita, Manila, Philippines.
The church was built in 1912. The Historical Research and Markers Committee listed it as a historic site by installing a historical marker in 1935.
During the World War II, the church was badly damaged during the Battle of Manila in 1945. The damaged dome, belfries and roof were restored a year later.
Filipinos in China

There are a significant number of Filipinos in China consisting of migrants and expatriates from the Philippines to the People's Republic of China.
Many domestic workers from the Philippines have been coming to China to work as maids. Figures from the Philippines government in 2009 shows that mainland China has become the top destination for Filipino maids seeking work overseas as Chinese families are willing to employ them for better household services and for their fluency in the English language.
There are around 140,000 Filipinos in Hong Kong, many of whom work as foreign domestic helpers.
Based on records from the Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs, there were about 12,254 overseas Filipinos in mainland China. Most of them live in cities such as Beijing (2,492), Chongqing (164), Guangzhou (4,564), Shanghai (4,264) and Xiamen (7,707).
List of crossings of the Pasig River

This is a list of bridges and other crossings of the Pasig River in Metro Manila, Philippines.
The crossings are listed in order, starting from the mouth at Manila Bay and proceeding upstream to its source at Laguna de Bay.
As of 2025, there are 24 bridges in Metro Manila that cross the Pasig River, including three rail bridges carrying the LRT Line 1, MRT Line 3, and the Philippine National Railways track and one pedestrian bridge in Santa Ana, Manila. The Metro Manila Skyway is the first and only tollway bridge that crosses the river.
The planned Metro Manila Subway will also cross the Pasig River between Pasig and Makati, making it the first tunnel to cross the river. The proposed MRT Line 10 is the fourth rail bridge parallel to the existing Bagong Ilog Bridge of C-5.
These are arranged from the mouth at Manila Bay to the source at Laguna de Bay.
These are arranged from oldest to newest.
These are arranged from the mouth to the source.
报国寺 (峨眉山)

峨眉山报国寺、又称“会宗堂”，位于四川省峨嵋山山麓，汉族地区佛教全国重点寺院之一。
该寺是峨嵋山第一座佛寺、门户。建于明万历年间，寺内正殿原供奉着佛、道、儒三教的代表，故为“三教会宗”。后清康熙帝改为报国寺。山门悬有康熙四十二年御题“报国寺”匾额。寺内有明朝万历年间紫铜华严塔，四千七百座小佛像，塔周刻有《华严经》；寺门外有莲花铜钟，为“峨嵋十景”之“圣积晚钟”。钟上铸有六万余字的《阿含经》及其他佛偈、铭、疏。报国寺于清同治五年重建。
报国寺入山门后依山势而上有弥勒殿、大雄宝殿等大殿。
峨眉山市

峨眉山市是中华人民共和国四川省下辖的一个县级市，由乐山市代管，面积1151.4平方公里，人口约43.5万。辖绥山等12镇、龙门等6乡，市政府位于绥山镇。
峨眉古系蜀国地；蜀汉时期至两晋、南北朝属犍为郡南安县（今乐山）辖地，北周武帝保定元年（561年）建平羌县，隋开皇三年（583年）改名峨眉县，历史上属眉山郡；1988年9月撤县建市。
峨眉山市下辖2个街道办事处、10个镇、1个乡：
胜利街道、​峨山街道、​绥山镇、​高桥镇、​罗目镇、​九里镇、​龙池镇、​符溪镇、​双福镇、​桂花桥镇、​大为镇、​黄湾镇和​龙门乡。
西南交通大学峨眉校区位于该市著名风景区峨眉山脚下，是少有的位于世界自然与文化遗产内的大学校区。
峨眉糕、峨眉山茶、峨眉山矿泉水、峨眉山竹叶青茶、峨眉山雪魔芋：中国地理标志产品。
金佛庄

金佛庄（1897年—1926年），原名金灿，浙江东阳人，中华民国政治人物。1918年考入保定陆军军官学校，在校期间加入中国社会主义青年团，毕业后返回浙江，加入中国共产党。中共三大后以个人身份加入中国国民党。此后参与创建黄埔军校，并参与了第一次、第二次东征。北伐战争中担任总司令部警卫团少将团长，1926年12月前往乘船自江西前往浙江从事策反活动，当月12日至南京下关被孙传芳所部逮捕，次日被杀害于雨花台。金佛庄被杀害后，国民党和共产党方面均举行了悼念活动。金佛庄也成为了第一位被害于雨花台的中国共产党党员。
金佛庄，原名金灿，乳名文，别字辉卿，1897年生于浙江东阳横店镇良渡村。早年曾就读于东阳湖溪忠清书院高小、浙江东阳县立中学，毕业后于1918年考入保定陆军军官学校。1920年，直皖战争爆发，保定军校被迫停办，金佛庄也因此离校，并考入厦门大学文学专业。因厦门大学是自费入学，其学费系亲朋好友筹措而来。1921年保定军校复课后，金佛庄返回保定继续学业。1922年加入中国社会主义青年团。至1922年毕业前，在保定军校内组织革命团体“壬戌社”。1922年夏天毕业后被分配至上海闸北淞沪护军使署步兵连担任排长，后改任浙江陆军第二师第四团步兵营排长、连副，并一度升任为浙江警备处营长。当年秋天加入中国共产党，入党介绍人为中共上海地委负责人徐梅坤。1922年9月起担任中共杭州小组成员，参与创建并负责《协进》《浙民日报》等刊物的编辑工作，并因此一度被北洋政府逮捕入狱，后经蒋百里等人营救才得以出狱。1923年作为浙江省代表赴广州出席中共三大，会后以个人身份加入中国国民党。此后长期负责杭州和上海的党组织联络工作。
1924年赶赴广州，参与创建黄埔军校，当年6月担任军校第一期第三队队长，之后还担任了中共黄埔军校特别支部执行委员。1924年7月，金佛庄被推选为黄埔军校国民党特别党部执行委员。同年参加平定广州商团事变的战斗。1924年11月，担任黄埔军校教导团第二团第三营营长。任内积极宣传革命主张，认为应当改革旧式军队，建立新式军队，并积极推动国共合作。1925年2月率所部第三营参加第一次东征，并为第二团赢得“党军荣誉旗”。1925年7月升任国民革命军第一军第一师第二团党代表，后一度升任为团长，并率部参加第二次东征。中山舰事件后被解除军职，并调回黄埔军校，改任第一团军事主任教官，兼任军校法规编审委员会委员长。
1926年7月北伐战争开始后，担任国民革命军总司令部参谋处副处长，兼任第三科科长。总司令部前往湖南后，改任总司令部警卫团少将团长。此后金佛庄岁总司令部转战湖北、湖南和江西，负责保卫指挥机关和苏联顾问的安全。此后金佛庄参与了攻打南昌的战役，并于1926年11月攻克南昌。当月金佛庄担任南昌戒严司令，负责在城内维持军纪。1926年12月9日与黄埔军校毕业生顾名世化装成上海洋行买办，离开江西前往浙江策反部队。当月12日途径南京下关码头时被南京戍卫司令孟昭月和宪兵司令汪其昌率队逮捕。得知金佛庄被捕后，国民党和共产党方面均设法援救，但没能成功。被捕后第二天，金佛庄被杀害于南京雨花台。
1918年金佛庄与严瑞珍结婚，二人一同前往保定。1920年金佛庄前往厦门途中将严瑞珍安顿回家乡。
金佛庄被杀害后，广州国民政府、国民党江苏省党部等均举行了相关的哀悼和抗议活动。国民政府还曾向金佛庄的父母发放了抚恤金。蒋介石得知金佛庄被杀害后，将攻克南昌城后俘虏的孙传芳部将领唐福山、张凤岐等人处决。
金佛庄是第一位被杀害于南京雨花台的中国共产党党员，其名字位列雨花台烈士名录第一位。中共中央宣传部于金佛庄被害后，在其主办的《汉口民国日报》上刊发了“金佛庄同志追悼会筹备处启事”。1945年4月，中共七大召开前夕，金佛庄被编入《死难烈士英名录》中，1964年正式被中共中央批准为革命烈士。
金佛庄被杀害后，其遗体由其妻子严瑞珍寻回，并安葬于其家乡良渡村的牛尾山上，是为金佛庄墓。1983年4月13日金佛庄墓被公布为东阳县级文物保护单位。1995年，横店集团在牛尾山旁的水碓山上修建了金佛庄烈士陵园，由石牌坊、卫士群像、金佛庄烈士花岗岩塑像、石台阶、纪念碑、衣冠冢等部分组成。
金佛庄的父母用抚恤金重建了房屋，这幢房屋后来被认定为金佛庄故居。故居为五间二弄、左右对称的硬山式单檐楼房，建筑面积185平米，东侧树立有蒋介石所题“为国捐躯”的碑石。2000年，金佛庄故居从良渡村整体搬迁至金佛庄烈士陵园所在的石碓山上，并作为金佛庄烈士事迹陈列馆开放。此外，金佛庄故居还被列为学校革命传统教育基地和浙江省爱国主义教育基地。
金佛山

金佛山是世界自然遗产，位于重庆南部南川市境内，属大娄山山脉，由金佛、箐坝、柏枝三山组成。金佛山主峰风吹岭海拔2251米，每年积雪期长达4个月之久，也是大娄山脉最高峰。在夏秋晚晴的时候，落日斜晖把层层山崖映染得金壁辉煌，如一尊尊金身大佛闪射出万道霞光，异常壮观而美丽，“金佛山”也因此而得名。
同时集国家级重点风景名胜区、国家级森林公园、国家级自然保护区、国家级自然遗产、全国科普教育基地、中国最具影响力旅游景区、全国文明旅游景区等“八顶国家级桂冠”的大型景区，以其生物多样性特点和独特的喀斯特地貌特征被列入世界自然遗产名单。同时正在积极申报“中国国家级地质公园”与“国家级地质地貌自然保护区”等荣誉称号。
金佛山风景区官方网站
莲花净土实胜寺

莲花净土实胜寺，简称实胜寺，俗称皇寺、黄寺，是清代敕建最早、規模最盛的藏傳佛教皇家寺院，亦是盛京城壇城結構之中心，位于中華人民共和國辽宁省沈阳市和平区皇寺路206号，現任住持為滿都拉上師。
明末時，蒙古末代大汗林丹汗并握有玉寶、“玛哈噶喇”金佛、《金经》三大法宝，号令蒙古各部落。據稱金佛是忽必烈時代在军营中所铸造，当时这尊佛像被视为元朝皇帝的护法神。“玛哈噶喇”金佛曾由五台山转至西藏。1617年（明万历四十五年），林丹汗下令在其首都“瓦察尔图察汉浩特”建造金顶白庙，供奉从西藏请来的“玛哈噶喇”金佛。
1632年（后金天聪六年）3月，后金天聪汗皇太極率领10万金蒙联军远征察哈尔部林丹汗。林丹汗闻讯西撤聚拢部落，并与其信奉的藏传佛教萨迦派力量联系，意欲到青海重整旗鼓，反击后金。不料1634年夏（后金天聪八年）林丹汗因出痘（天花）病逝于大草滩（今甘肃永固）年仅43岁。
林丹汗的病逝导致察哈尔部统治阶层以及漠南蒙古各部陷入混乱，纷纷东奔后金，其中就包括金顶白庙的侍从喇嘛默儿极（又名默尔根都尔吉）。他在经过深思熟虑之后，宣布天运已转移到后金汗身上，遂率领他的弟子以及所属人户，以象征吉祥的白骆驼盛载「玛哈噶喇」金佛与《金经》前往盛京，投奔后金。
1635年（后金天聪九年），皇太极在表奖送佛、 迎佛有功之人的同时， 作出为金佛修造佛堂的决定。关于佛堂选址的问题，喇嘛们传说：
墨尔根喇嘛遂以这里是“生根”之地，奏请太宗皇帝在此建造经堂供奉金佛。1635年（天聪九年 ）年末，佛堂终于建成。
1636年（清崇德元年）秋， 皇太极下旨将佛堂扩建为“莲华净土实胜寺”。原佛堂改成“绿瓦庙”，作为实胜寺西配殿。1638年9月8日（崇德三年八月初一）竣工。因系皇太极為安抚前来归顺的、信仰藏传佛教的蒙古族而敕建此寺，故该寺又称“皇寺”。落成當日，皇太极率内外诸王、贝勒、大臣及留居盛京的朝鲜世子参加了落成典礼。皇太极主政时，每年正月上旬均来该寺礼佛。1726年（清雍正四年），该寺大修。此後又多次修缮。历代清朝皇帝东巡盛京时，多到该寺朝拜。如乾隆帝四次东巡，均必到该寺礼佛，并咏诗纪事，乾隆帝之《题实胜寺》诗曰：
清朝时，盛京新上任的大小官员也要赴该寺礼佛受印。因该寺受到清朝皇帝重视，勤加修缮，故至今保存完好。
清朝时，实胜寺掌印喇嘛是清朝二品官。实胜寺的香火一直很兴旺，尤其每年正月、四月的初八日至十五日，该寺举行“跳布扎”以“驱除鬼邪”，喇嘛及信徒届时云集该寺。
1952年，国家拨款对该寺进行维修。1984年以来，翻修了大殿、玛哈噶喇佛楼、经房，重建了山门、天王殿，新建了十间配房。其中，1985年，沈阳市人民政府拨款重修了山门、大殿、玛哈噶喇佛楼。
实胜寺是辽宁省文物保护单位。
实胜寺占地面积7000多平方米，建筑面积2000多平方米。整个寺院坐北朝南，平面呈长方形，分为前后两进院落。沿中轴线依次为：山门、天王殿、大殿，两侧则有钟楼、鼓楼、配殿、玛哈噶喇佛楼、经堂、僧房等建筑。实胜寺中现供奉有僧舍利八粒。此外，实胜寺内原来还藏有皇太极为该寺开光时所赐的腰刀一柄，以及努尔哈赤宝剑，现均藏于沈阳故宫博物馆。
实胜寺内的《实胜寺碑》载，实胜寺原来有五楹大殿，装塑三尊西方三圣像，左右排列着阿难、迦叶、无量寿佛、莲花生、八大菩萨、十八罗汉。东西庑各三楹，东庑藏如来一百零八龛托生画像，以及诸品经卷；西庑供奉玛哈噶喇。前天王殿三楹，外山门三楹，还有僧寮、禅室、钟鼓音乐之类。
皇寺抬佛节源自1638年（崇德3年）农历四月十五日寺院完工后举办的盛会，于每年农历四月十五、十六、十七日举行，距今已有三百余年历史，是沈阳代表性民俗之一，现今抬佛节于2016年恢复，包括迎请金佛开光盛典、火供法会、玛哈噶喇金刚舞与绕寺巡游等一系列佛事活动。
天坛大佛

天壇大佛（英語：The Big Buddha）是一座位於香港大嶼山寶蓮寺前木魚峰上的釋迦牟尼佛像，座落於海拔520米的昂坪，是全球第一高的戶外青銅座佛，也是香港著名的旅遊景點之一。佛像坐在268級石階上，由207塊銅片組成（佛身165塊、蓮花36塊、雲頭6塊），高26.4米，連蓮花座及基座總高約34米，重250公噸，坐於3層祭壇上。天壇大佛由寶蓮禪寺自1981年開始籌建，1993年12月29日開光，歷時12年，耗資超過6000萬港元。
1974年，寶蓮禪寺獲得政府以象徵式地價批出地廣6,567平方米的木魚峰以建造大佛。寺方於1981年12月26日正式成立「寶蓮寺籌建天壇大佛委員會」，專責研究籌建工作，包括審定佛像藝術造型、建築材料及施工細則等。
1982年4月，由廣州美術學院的侯瑾輝負責製作大佛最初的石膏模型。其間不斷與負責大佛形象的藝術家斟酌商討，八易其稿，至1984年2月始完成一比五的石膏模型，并於1986年9月26日由水路從廣州運抵南京。大佛的實際鑄造、加工和安裝，主要由中國航天南京晨光機器廠（现中国航天科工南京晨光集团）負責。在南京完成铸造后，於1989年4月以海路付運香港，1989年10月13日，大佛最後一塊銅壁安裝完成。1993年12月29日，「天壇大佛」正式開光。
天壇大佛在2020年6月2日開始大規模維修保養工程。工程分兩階段，第一階段是保養佛身，佛身外圍搭建了金屬棚架，以重塑保護漆。夜間會有白色燈光效果將大佛外形呈現。2021年1月23日，隨着維修棚架搭建工作完成，基座一樓功德堂重新開放予善信參觀。2021年8月中，佛身翻新工作完成，圍繞大佛金屬工作台拆至蓮座高度，大佛臉容重讓公眾觀瞻。第二階段工程亦緊接展開，主要涉及蓮座、大佛平台及長樓梯。維修期間相關場地局部關閉，展覽廳維持開放。
大佛的基層分三個層次，次第而上，第一層面積10,000平方英尺（929平方米），第二層8,000平方尺（743.20平方米），第三層6,000平方尺（557.40平方米），下面有一個博物館。其設計參考北京天壇祈年殿天壇的地基形貌，所以名為「天壇大佛」。
天壇大佛是依據佛經如來32相而設計，面相參照龍門石窟的盧舍那佛，而衣紋和頭飾則參照敦煌石窟第360窟的釋迦牟尼佛像。
天壇大佛的地基面積為2,239平方米
美國真人秀節目《驚險大挑戰》（The Amazing Race）第2季曾於此處設快進關卡；參賽者要徒步登上祭壇（需经268级石阶）以過關。
香港電影《無間道III：終極無間》角色韓琛和生意夥伴沈澄結識的一幕。
2021年12月31日（公曆跨年），TVB翡翠台在香港大嶼山寶蓮寺、中環街市、中環海濱長廊及無綫新聞台東角怡和午炮同步直播並且倒數迎接2022年。 中環及寶蓮寺天壇大佛有無人機匯演。
大佛

大佛，也称大型露天佛像，古称大像，是指露天的大型佛像，供信众瞻仰，是某个地区的佛教信仰兴盛到一定程度的产物。
有研究指出，古代文献中将超过一丈六尺的佛教青铜造像称为“大像”，并将约三丈以上的石雕佛造像称大像。中国国家宗教事务局相关细则中规定，大型露天佛像指单体佛像高度（含基座）或长度超过10米，群体佛像数量超过10尊。
中国的大佛以北魏和平年间的云岗大佛历史最为悠久。中国大陆、港、澳现存大佛以“五方五佛”最具知名度。五方五佛按建造年代的先后依次是：
大佛普拉斯

《大佛普拉斯》（英語：The Great Buddha+）是一部2017年的台灣社會寫實電影，由鍾孟宏、葉如芬監製，黃信堯自編自導，並由莊益增、陳竹昇、戴立忍、陳以文、納豆、張少懷、丁國琳與雷婕熙主演。本片是由2014年黃信堯入圍金馬獎最佳短片的作品《大佛》發展而來，片名中的「普拉斯」為英文「加號」（plus）的音譯，代表升級版或者進階版的意思。2017年10月13日播映。
本片獲選為2017年台北電影節開幕片，也榮獲電影節的百萬首獎及劇情長片獎。本片於2017年榮獲加拿大多倫多國際影展「亞洲影評人聯盟獎」（NETPAC AWARD），也獲邀參加溫哥華影展，韓國釜山影展及日本東京影展，2018年3月入選紐約新導演新電影影展，同樣也在2018年3月印度新德里舉行的第2屆Habitat國際電影節，觀眾的迴響也很熱烈，在各地的影展期間佳評如潮，掌聲不斷。2018年4月在香港，又奪得37屆香港電影金像獎最佳兩岸華語片。
本片入選的第47屆紐約「新導演/新電影影展」，是繼1998年林正盛執導《美麗在唱歌》後，另一台灣導演作品獲選。
中年男子菜脯基於奉養生病老母的壓力，四處打工，白日兼任葬儀樂隊樂手，夜裡在一間佛像工廠「葛洛伯文創藝術中心」擔任警衛。菜脯的好友肚財是個處境淒慘的拾荒者，有玩夹娃娃机的爱好。菜脯晚上看守工厂时，肚财会来葛洛伯警衛室裡找菜脯一起看电视，吃超商丟棄的過期冷凍食品解闷。一次，警衛室的電視坏了，肚财便提议从董事長的旧车上把行車紀錄器偷出来，看里面录下的董事長的私密影片作为替代。果然，行車紀錄器的影片里藏着被无意中录下的董事長和情人们寻欢作乐的经历，两人看得津津有味。工廠的董事長名叫黃啟文，英俊又多金，是知名藝術家、慈善家，但其實他與許多官員賄賂勾結，以獲得標案，而且他雖有家室仍夜夜尋歡，所以常常整晚不在工廠。
然而有一天，黃啟文半夜早早地回到了工厂，把菜脯和肚财吓了一跳。第二天早上，佛像制作工人们惊讶地发现，昨天还没有焊上头部封口的一尊制作中的佛像，头部被人焊上了。这时黃啟文走出来告诉工人们，他嫌工人们太拖拉，所以亲自干了一晚上把佛像焊好完工。这尊佛像原来是「大佛山」订制用来办「护国大会」宗教活动的，「大佛山」的宗教人士在验收这尊提前完工的佛像时表示对头部的做工不满意，要求把头部切下来重新加工。黃啟文表现得非常不愿意，但是只得答应。工厂于是紧张地对佛像开始重新加工。
几日后，肚财像往常一样到处拾垃圾。他在一间废弃空屋意外撞见了葛洛伯工厂里负责加工佛像内部的那名工人。那工人似乎想自杀，但艰难维生的肚财没有余力帮助他。当晚，肚财仍然去工厂警卫室找菜脯。菜脯警告他今晚情况不同，董事長喝醉了就在工厂里休息。已经把旧车的行車紀錄器影像几乎看了个遍的肚财一时兴起，便怂恿菜脯把董事長现在所驾驶的新车的行車紀錄器影像也偷出来看。看着看着，二人惊恐地发现里面竟然录下了董事長黃啟文的一个旧情人想用男女关系要胁他，结果被他在工场制作中的大佛像前杀害的过程。两人念及黃啟文在政界的深厚背景，并菜脯失业的可能性，放弃了报警。惶惶不可终日的菜脯和肚财想求神拜佛以求平安，结果只是被耍得团团转。
黃啟文的旧情人失踪多日，警察试图调查黃啟文，果然被他的政界关系阻挡，无果而终。一天晚上，黃啟文突然找到警衛室里的菜脯，表示已经知道菜脯和肚财偷看行車紀錄器的事，并威胁菜脯不要闹事。几天后，肚財被人发现他拾垃圾途中翻车死在路边的沟里，警察认定是酒駕車禍而死。但菜脯知道肚財從不喝酒，他很害怕，想以防不测把自己的母亲托付给亲戚，但亲戚根本靠不住。最后没想到，是董事長黃啟文出钱让菜脯久病的母亲住进了高级医院，菜脯没有办法，只得选择了沉默和接受。菜脯仍然兼任葬儀樂隊樂手，这一次是给自己的好友肚财送葬。菜脯去了一趟肚财生前的住所，看到房间里大堆的娃娃，才发现自己对这个旧友的了解其实一直很少。
大佛像顺利完工，「护国大会」如期举行。谁知在「护国大会」上，大佛内却传来一阵阵的怪响。影片在此结束。
全片透過「黑白」與「彩色」兩種手法來描述不同身分的人，有著完全不同的處境和命運，劇情中大多數時間以黑白畫面方式呈現，以「人生是黑白的」方式表達處在社會底層者的各種無奈，並使用行車紀錄器的「彩色」畫面來詮釋有錢有勢的人，過著「多采多姿」糜爛生活。
該片於臺中市多處拍攝，埸景包括月眉糖廠、泰安車站、童綜合醫院、臺中市政府警察局大甲分局、大安海水浴場、南屯區、西屯區、外埔區及后里區等。臺中市政府也給予該片新台幣300萬輔導金及拍攝支援。 此外，在高雄市大寮區吳進生佛教藝術館、高雄市鳳山體育館、臺南市七股區（台南七股衛生所、台南七股魚塭）與雲林縣口湖鄉亦有取景。
法雨寺 (普陀山)

30°0′9.8″N 122°23′55.9″E﻿ / ﻿30.002722°N 122.398861°E﻿ / 30.002722; 122.398861
法雨寺，又称普陀山后寺，位于普陀山后山南麓，创建于明万历八年（1580年），初名海潮庵。后因康熙帝御赐“天花法雨”匾额，改名为“法雨禅寺”。经康熙时期大规模扩建，殿堂楼阁达200余间，占地47600平方米，成为普陀三大禅寺之一。法雨寺依山就势，层层升高，自前至后六重殿宇，共245间。其中观音殿（又名九龙殿），外观金碧辉煌，内部华丽精致。2006年5月25日公布为第六批全国重点文物保护单位。
維也納音樂協會大樓

维也纳音乐协会大楼（德語：Haus des Wiener Musikvereins，简稱：Musikverein，德语发音：[muˌziːkfɛʁˈʔaɪ̯n]）是位于奧地利維也納内城的一座音乐厅（英语：List of concert halls）。
该楼内有多个大小不一的表演空间，其中面积最大的金色大厅（Großer Musikvereinssaal，即大音协厅，或称：Goldener Saal，金厅）因装修精美，且音响效果出色，是世界上最著名的音乐厅之一。
维也纳音乐之友协会成立于1812年，1831年起在维也纳组织音乐会，但初期使用的音乐厅只能容纳700余名观众。1863年，由弗朗茨·约瑟夫一世批准，使用建设戒指路的资金，在维也纳河附近为该协会建造一个音乐厅，建筑设计由新古典主义建筑师特奥费尔·翰森完成。音乐厅设计为一个大厅和一个小厅，分别供交响乐和室内乐使用。
1870年1月6日，音乐厅正式起用，评论界对大厅（金色大厅）出色的音响效果赞叹不已，很快声名远播。週餘後的1月15日，當代最具代表性的維也納音樂家，即史特勞斯（Strauß）三兄弟在此同場演出，並分別指揮了自己的作品。除了大廳之外，专门用来举办室内乐的小厅也多有好评，1937年命名为“勃拉姆斯厅”。2004年，音乐厅在地下扩建了四个使用现代技术的小厅，可以用来乐团排练、小型演出、举办会议等等。
金色大厅长期被誉为世界上最佳的音乐厅之一，是维也纳爱乐乐团的常驻音乐厅。每年的1月1日，维也纳新年音乐会按照传统都会在金色大厅举行，电视转播将大厅金碧辉煌的装饰、无与伦比的音响效果展现在全世界的观众面前。
金色大厅建造的年代尚未有成熟的建筑声学研究，建筑师特奥费尔·翰森的设计直到多年后才系统地得以科学解释。今天看来，“鞋盒”形状的音乐厅具有理想的比例，在此基础上，天花板上的花格镶板以及数量众多的女神像柱等建筑元素进一步延长了混响时间，长达两秒。舞台木制地板下挖空的空间增强了声音的共振效果，悬于屋架的天花板也起到了类似的作用。廳內的聽眾不論坐於遠近高低，都能享受到一樣水準的音樂演奏。奥古斯特·艾森门尔（英语：August Eisenmenger）绘制了大厅天花板上的画作——阿波罗和九位缪斯女神，蔚蓝的背景色与金碧辉煌的大厅形成鲜明的对比，而音乐厅内的雕塑由弗兰茨·梅尔尼茨基（德语：Franz Melnitzky）创作。
维也纳音乐协会大楼共有六個厅，分別名為大廳（金色大廳）、勃拉姆斯廳、玻璃廳、金屬廳、石頭廳、木頭廳，其中木头厅不是音乐厅，而用来举办会议、展览等活动。维也纳音乐之友协会在大楼内拥有丰富的音乐史、手稿、乐谱、乐器等藏品。
金閣寺 (小說)

《金閣寺》為日本作家三島由紀夫的小說作品，發表於1956年。全書以日本京都的金閣寺為背景。
金閣寺本名為鹿苑寺，1394年由幕府將軍足利義滿建造，因為其金碧辉煌的外觀，湖中倒映出的金色樓閣太惹目，所以眾人稱為“金閣”，是鎌倉時代西園寺公經的別墅。1950年7月2日，見習僧人林承賢受精神疾病影響而在舍利殿縱火，被稱為金閣寺放火事件，舍利殿(金閣)被焚燬，這個事件造成全日本的震撼。而此事件成為了三島由紀夫的小說題材。
三岛自称写《金阁寺》是为了探讨林承贤犯罪的动机。他专程跑到京都采访，调查纵火犯的经历，考察金阁寺周围的景象，查阅金阁寺的资料和警局、法院的审讯资料。他后来甚至来到林承贤的家乡舞鹤市考察。
金閣寺一書中的主角溝口是一個有嚴重口吃、長相醜陋的小和尚，但又崇尚極致的美，導致內心扭曲與幻滅，沉溺在自我的幻想之中，將自己想像成歷史上的暴君，擁有絕對的權勢和鋼鐵般意志。他在小時候聽父親對金閣的描述就對它非常的嚮往，父親死前送他去金閣寺修行，對金閣寺的愛與恨與日俱增。在剃度前跟一位即將赴戰場的先輩聊天，先輩聽完他的出家志向，若有所思地說：「啊，是這樣的呀。那麼，有一天我可能要麻煩你了。」
第二次世界大戰結束，日本戰敗，溝口陷入深深的不安與悲哀。三島描寫著溝口當時內心的獨白：「這美麗的東西不久即成灰燼，那麼，真實的金閣寺便和我幻想中的金閣一模一樣了。」最後終於無法承受金閣的美，為擺脫美的觀念的羈絆，縱火焚燒金閣寺。溝口焚燬金閣後逃離現場，掏出口袋裡的小刀和安眠藥，扔到谷底。他點燃一支香煙，邊抽邊想：“還是活下去吧！”
據悉此書付梓之前，中村光夫（：中村光夫）告訴三島：「我認為不要寫第十章燒金閣寺的場面，好不好？」三島回答道：「但是，做愛到一半中斷，對身體是有害的啊！」
越南建筑

越南国内亦建造出一些融合法式风格的建筑。
越南曾经深受中國文化影響，與其他東亞文化圈的國家如朝鲜、日本一样，越南也从中国傳統建筑中吸收了大量營造元素和技法。同其他東亞國家，架構大多使用木材。但是有別於日韓建築多使用青瓦（筒瓦或板瓦），傳統越南建築幾乎都使用紅鱗瓦，而順化宮廷建築則多使用琉璃瓦（筒瓦、板瓦），但瓦型仍與中國常使用的琉璃瓦（筒瓦）有區別。
史前時代，根據東山文化出土的銅鼓上的圖案，越南早期居民多生活在高腳屋中。現在越南仍存在類似的房舍。
當中國文化開始傳入越南時，中國建筑亦開始對很多越南建筑的基本構造產生影響，塔、寺廟、公共建筑、文人及貴族的宅第、皇家的宮殿均受到很大程度的影響。
越南建筑在接受了大量中国传统建筑和文化的影响之外，也具有很多自己的特点。
村亭（Đình）是越南獨有的建築類型。用於聯繫鄉里、公共祭祀或宣傳教化等功能。
亦称为「文廟-國子監」（越南语：Văn Miếu-Quốc Tử Giám／文廟-國子監）。始建於1070年的李朝，主要用于祭祀孔子及其四大弟子。1076年創建國子監（後改名為太學堂），成為越南第一所最高學府。1802年，阮朝遷都順化，河內國子監毀而廟存，成為只奉祀孔子的廟宇。
建築群位於河内還劍湖西面，坐北朝南，圍牆長约一公里，紅牆綠瓦。大成門前的天光池位於院落中央，左右遍立進士碑林，共82塊。其内的主要建築有：奎文閣、天光寺、大拜堂、正寢殿、啟貞祠等。大拜堂內有清康熙皇帝手書「萬世師表」橫匾。正殿內設有孔子供桌，供奉孔子及其七十二弟子塑像，兩側奉祀中越兩國先儒。
又名「一柱塔」（越南语：Nhất Trụ tháp／一柱塔）、「延祐寺」（越南语：Diên Hựu tự／延祐寺）、「蓮花臺」（越南语：Liên Hoa Đài／蓮花臺）。
古代越南并沒有像他們的高棉鄰國那樣湧現出高產的建造者，柬埔寨建有吳哥窟，而占婆人亦曾在越南南方修建了很多精美的磚塔。
傳統上來說，越南建筑多使用木材，因此在其熱帶多雨的環境中不容易保存。另外，又由于歷史上的戰爭的破壞，使得現今仍能完整保存下來的古代越南建筑數量较少。
很多古代建造的塔和寺廟現在仍被使用，但它們大多經過了多次重修，且這種重修很多并沒有保持建筑的原狀。在現代的重修中，很多現代建筑的元素往往被隨意的加入古建筑中，比如那些用于装点佛像的缤纷的霓虹卤素灯。
由于祖先崇拜的传统，很多古代的陵墓至今保存状况较好，另外，一些用于纪念祖先、名人、官员的祠堂也保存较好。
美山聖地中第一座木制结构的寺庙建于公元4世纪末，200年后此寺庙在一场大火中被焚毁。重修时，使用了大量的更为持久耐用的建筑材料。每一代富强的占婆王朝都修建新寺庙，或对旧寺庙予以修复。从公元4世纪到13世纪，修建的寺庙总数达70余个，从而使得美山成为王国的圣地。
胡志明市大劇院位於胡志明市中心第一郡，由法國建築師Félix Ollivier、Ernest Guichard和Eugène Ferret建於1898年，1900年落成，建築受法蘭西第三共和國華麗的建築風格影響。越南戰爭時期，本劇場曾作為越南共和國的下議院會場。1975年， 北越共產軍隊越南人民軍佔領西貢（胡志明市舊名稱），越南南北統一，這座建築恢復了文藝設施的功能。今天，這被认为是胡志明市最美麗建築物之一。
胡志明市人民委員會大廳（市政宮）是胡志明市委員會辦公室。位於越南最大的城市胡志明市內的重要貿易財政中心第一郡。於1902年興建，並且在1908年落成，時名「西社宮」，建築風格受法國風格影響。晚間時份裝置燈則會開啟，使該處變得美麗燦爛。然而，大廳一直並沒有對外開放。胡志明的雕像在大廳前的公園擺設。
曾参与明北京紫禁城的设计和营建。
奧林匹亞宙斯神像

37°38′16.3″N 21°37′48″E﻿ / ﻿37.637861°N 21.63000°E﻿ / 37.637861; 21.63000
奧林匹亞宙斯神像（希臘語：Άγαλμα του Ολυμπίου Διός），位于希臘奥林匹亚遗址奧林匹亞宙斯神廟内，是古希臘雕刻家菲迪亞斯的作品。大約建造于公元前457年。雕刻的是希臘神話中的眾神之神宙斯。该神像也是當時世上最大的室內雕像，神像放置于由乌木、象牙、黄金和宝石打造的精致的雪松宝座上。神像在5世紀失蹤，但仍为古代世界七大奇迹之一。
这尊坐像约高达12公尺，占据了侧廊一半的空间。“看上去宙斯就像要站起来一样”，地理学家斯特拉波在公元1世纪这样写道“他似乎要打开神庙的屋顶”，宙斯神像是一尊以象牙和金饼制成的克里斯里凡亭雕像。虽然在附近的伊利斯和罗马铜币上出现过宙斯神像的图画，但是没有关于神像的大理石或青铜的复制版得以幸存下来。一位公元2世纪的旅行者保萨尼亚斯详细地描述了神像以及它的底座。神像有以黄金制成的橄榄冠，坐在用杉木制成的宏伟的宝座上，并饰以黄金、象牙和乌木以及各种珍贵的宝石。在宙斯的右手上有一座小的戴着皇冠的尼刻－神话中的胜利女神，这座小雕像也是以黄金和象牙制成的。它的左手拿着一根黄金制成的权杖，旁边还有一只鹰。普魯塔克在他的《卢基乌斯·埃米利乌斯·保卢斯·马其顿尼库斯传》中记录到一次埃米利乌斯·保卢斯对马其頓王国的胜利，当他凝视着神像时，“他的灵魂受到了触动，似乎他真正亲眼见到了神明”，1世纪的演说家金嘴狄翁称，只需一瞥，人们便将忘记所有烦恼。
虽然神像的确切建造时间已经不可考，但是通过对于神像建造工厂的考古发掘可以推断出这座神像的建造时间大致位于公元前5世纪。
维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源：奧林匹亞宙斯神像
古代世界七大奇迹

古代世界七大奇蹟，常稱七大奇蹟，為最早被提出的七大奇蹟觀念。公元前2世紀拜占廷人斐羅（Philo of Byzantium）寫下《世界七大奇蹟（希臘語：Επτά θαύματα του αρχαίου κόσμου）》一書，描述當時在地中海附近7個偉大建築，分別是「埃及的金字塔」、「巴比倫的空中花園」、「奧林帕斯的宙斯神像」、「以弗所的阿耳忒彌斯神廟」、「哈利卡納蘇斯的摩索拉斯王陵墓」、「羅得島的太陽神銅像」以及「亚历山大灯塔」，為現存古代世界七大奇蹟的憑據。
地中海是地球上最大的陸間海，處於歐亞非3個大洲之間，以直布羅陀海峽接連大西洋，風浪較小，海水不冰封，海岸線曲折，島嶼眾多，擁有許多天然港口。沿著地中海東岸，從尼羅河三角洲、黎凡特、新月沃土、兩河流域至安那托利亞，孕育了許多重要的人類文明，從前40世紀至前2世紀，先後有人類最早的信史兩河文明、四大文明古國的巴比倫與古埃及、西方文明的源祖古希臘、以及洲際大帝國古羅馬，被稱為「文明的搖籃」（Cradle of civilization）。
前11世紀開始，古希臘文明伊始，至前8世紀其特有的城邦式社會架構逐漸成型，透過繁盛的海上貿易，沿著地中海殖民發展，古希臘船員將他們出海所見所聞，帶到各城邦。
前5世紀，古希臘人希羅多德為了研究希波戰爭，遊歷地中海沿岸諸國，並將收集的資料編寫成《歷史（希臘語：Ἱστορίαι）》一書，內容包含了描寫巴比倫的城市規劃，以及古埃及的金字塔，此為有關古代七大奇蹟最早的文字記載。
前334年，亞歷山大大帝帶領古希臘大軍越過赫勒斯滂（今達達尼爾海峽），征服了整個波斯帝國，穿過興都庫什山脈進入印度後折返。至此古希臘達到鼎盛時期，興建許多代表性的重大工程、建築與紀念碑。於此時期，出生在古希臘殖民地利比亞，著名詩人、學者以及目錄學家，卡利馬科斯（希臘語：Καλλίμαχος）於當時古埃及亞歷山卓的圖書館任職時，編寫了一份名為《世界各地奇蹟》（A collection of wonders in lands throughout the world）的文獻，現已失傳。
前2世紀，古希臘經過四次馬其頓戰爭後，被羅馬共和國征服，羅馬文化被深厚的古希臘文化影響。相傳於前224年，力學先驅拜占廷人斐羅寫下《世界七大奇蹟》，所列的偉大建築便成為現存的「古代世界七大奇蹟」，現已失傳。直至公元七至八世紀，中古英格蘭諾森布里亞王國歷史學家畢德（又稱畢德尊者（Venerable Bede）或聖畢德（Saint Bede）），在其著作中有一份論文名為《關於世界七大奇蹟（拉丁語：de Septem Mundi Miraculis）》，記述斐羅所列的世界七大奇蹟，為現存最早的完整記載。
除此以外，前140年前後，住在賽達的希臘詩人安提帕特（Antipater of Sidon）寫下了一首讚美世人成就的詩，其中也列出了七個奇蹟，除了並未納入亞歷山大燈塔外，其餘皆與流傳至今的古代世界七大奇蹟相同：
吉薩大金字塔是指吉薩金字塔群中的古夫金字塔，位於今埃及開羅近郊吉薩高地上，為古代世界七大奇蹟的第一順位、興建年代最古老、同時為唯一保存良好的奇蹟。是古埃及第四王朝古夫法老的陵墓，由石灰岩塊堆砌成的正方型錐體金字塔，約在前2560年完成，現存部份高138.8米（455英尺），每邊寬230.5米（756英尺），截至英國倫敦林肯座堂於1300年落成以前，吉薩大金字塔一直維持為地球上最高的建築物達3800年之久。
巴比倫空中花園臨近於今伊拉克巴比倫省希拉，為古代世界七大奇蹟的第二順位，約在公元前600年，由新巴比倫王國尼布甲尼撒二世所興建，據記載是為了取悅他王后阿米蒂斯（英語：Amytis of Media）而建，安美依迪絲為伊朗高原上米底王國的公主，終日思念故鄉，尼布甲尼撒二世便在幼發拉底河河岸旁，建造了一個高於平地許多的大型花園，從幼發拉底河引水至花園內，種植來自伊朗高原的植物，讓安美依迪絲解思鄉病，古希臘歷史學家斯特拉波與狄奧多羅斯對空中花園有完整記載。前2世紀，空中花園毁於連串地震，未留下任何遺跡。
奧林匹亞宙斯神像放置在奧林匹亞宙斯神廟中，位於今希臘奧林匹克，為古代世界七大奇蹟的第三順位，宙斯神像為一座坐像，是由古希臘雕刻家菲迪亞斯於前432年完成的作品，高12米（39英尺），為由鍍金的銅與象牙鑲嵌而成，古希臘旅行家保薩尼亞斯曾為宙斯神像寫下完整記述。
以弗所阿耳忒彌斯神廟於今土耳其伊茲密爾以南50公里（31英里）以弗所廢墟處，為古代世界七大奇蹟的第四順位，於前550年由居住在以弗所的希臘人，請建築師克里特人伽雨瑟夫農（英语：Chersiphron）（希臘語：Χερσίφρων）、梅塔傑那斯（英语：Metagenes）（希臘語：Μεταγένης）父子設計興建，作為祭拜阿耳忒弥斯的聖殿。據古羅馬科學家普林尼所記述，神廟幾乎是用大理石建成，長115米（377英尺）、寬55米（180英尺），用127根高19米（62英尺）的愛奧尼柱支撐起屋頂。
前356年當地年輕人黑若斯達特斯，為能成名而縱火燒毁神廟，33年後（前323年）重建修復。262年哥德人攻擊以弗所，搶刧並破壞神廟，隨後神廟被修復，至4世紀因日漸沒有人祭拜而遭荒棄。直至401年，約翰一世帶領民眾，拆毀神廟，並將石材用作興建其他的建築。1869年大英博物館出資的調查隊發現了神廟遺址，並將部份挖掘文物收藏於大英博物館以弗所廳。
Emei Sect

The Emei School is a fictional martial arts school mentioned in several works of wuxia fiction. It is commonly featured as one of the leading orthodox schools in the jianghu (martial artists' community). It is named after the place where it is based, Mount Emei.
In Jin Yong's The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber, the Emei School is founded during the early Yuan dynasty by Guo Xiang around the same time as when the Wudang School is established. Guo Xiang is the sole surviving member of the Guo family from The Return of the Condor Heroes. She escapes during the Battle of Xiangyang with the Heaven Reliant Sword (倚天劍), becomes a powerful martial artist, and roams the jianghu as a youxia. At the age of 40, she becomes a Buddhist nun and establishes the Emei School on Mount Emei. Her apprentice, Abbess Fengling, succeeds her as the leader of the Emei School. Fengling is later, in turn, succeeded by Abbess Miejue.
In Jin Yong's works, the school's members are predominantly women and its leaders are Buddhist or Taoist nuns. In wuxia stories by other writers, the Emei School has members of both sexes, who play equally important roles in the school.
In Sword Stained with Royal Blood, set in the late Ming dynasty, the Emei School is briefly mentioned as one of the Four Great Sword Schools and has male members in its ranks. In Gu Long's The Kingdom of the Golden Bird of the Lu Xiaofeng Series, the Emei School is led by Dugu Yihe, who is slain by Ximen Chuixue.
In Jin Yong's novels, Emei's martial arts are the best among those suited for women. The origins of Emei's martial arts come from its founder, Guo Xiang. Guo Xiang's martial arts were mostly inherited from her family, including her maternal grandfather Huang Yaoshi. She also learnt part of the Nine Yang Manual from Jueyuan in her younger days. However, it does have some elements of "unorthodoxy", as exhibited by Zhou Zhiruo when she uses the "Nine Yin White Bone Claw" (九陰白骨爪) after finding the Nine Yin Manual.
Emei's martial arts range from powerful inner energy cultivation techniques to the use of weapons and unarmed combat. They encompass the Twelve Movements (動功十二桩) and the Six Specially Mastered Skills (靜功六大專修功). Emei's members primarily use the sword. They also use needles and hairpins, called the "Prick of Emei" (峨嵋刺) or "Jade Maiden Hairpin" (玉女簪), as projectile weapons to be thrown at enemies. The most powerful of Emei's skills are the Emei Swordplay and the 36 styles of dianxue (三十六式天罡指穴法).
Like Wudang, Emei's skills have two sides to them, encompassing elements of "softness" and "roughness" and "long range" and "short range" attacks, all in the same style of fighting. They rotate between deceptive and direct attacks and can be used effectively by women to overcome opponents who are physically stronger than them. Some movements in Emei's swordplays are feminine in nature and are named after beauties in Chinese history and Chinese idioms used to describe feminine beauty.
Wat Traimit

Wat Traimit Witthayaram Worawihan (Thai: วัดไตรมิตรวิทยาราม วรวิหาร) is a Theravada Buddhist temple (wat) in Samphanthawong district, the Chinatown area of the Thai capital Bangkok. Probably dating to the early Rattanakosin period, it was previously known as Wat Sam Chin (วัดสามจีน) and received its current name in 1940. Today, the temple is best known for the golden Buddha statue enshrined there. It also houses the Yaowarat Chinatown Heritage Center.
Wat Traimit was previously known as Wat Sam Chin or Wat Sam Chin Tai (วัดสามจีนใต้, 'south temple of the three Chinese'). According to oral histories, the temple was founded by three Chinese friends, hence its name. The temple was probably originally built around the reign of King Rama III (1824–1851), but was mostly rebuilt in the 1930s–1940s. It was renamed to Wat Traimit Witthayaram (traimit meaning 'three friends') on 3 February 1940, and became a royal temple of the second class in 1956.
A plaster Buddha statue had been moved to the temple from the abandoned Wat Phraya Krai in 1935. In 1955, during a ceremony to move statue to the newly built vihara building, it was accidentally dropped, cracking the plaster and revealing a gold statue hidden beneath. The statue, officially named Phra Phutthamahasuwannapatimakon since 1992, is now housed in the Mondop building, built in 2007.
Wat Traimit is a notable example of early post-absolute monarchy Thai Buddhist temple architecture. The monks' residences were built in 1937, and the ubosot (ordination hall) was built in 1947 in the applied Thai style to designs by Luang Wisansinlapakam. The ubosot and monks' quarter received the ASA Architectural Conservation Award in 2011.
The Mondop building, designed by Arvuth Ngoenchuklin [th], houses the golden Buddha statue on its top floor, and two museums in its lower floors: one dedicated to the statue, and the Yaowarat Chinatown Heritage Center, which depicts the history of the area's Chinese immigrants.
13°44′17″N 100°30′49″E﻿ / ﻿13.73806°N 100.51361°E﻿ / 13.73806; 100.51361
Pheretima praepinguis

Pheretima praepinguis is a huge earthworm about half meter long of genus Pheretima. Pheretima praepinguis lives in Emei mountain, Sichuan Province, China, and is one of the most featured organisms living in the place. It is trivially called "Big Earthworm of Emei"(Chinese: 峨嵋大蚯蚓) or "Toudilong" (Chinese: 透地龍, literally means "dragon which can go through the earth").
In 1931, Yi Chen (Chinese: 陳義), a honored Chinese biologist, researched some samples of an earthworm from Mount Emei, Sichuan Province. At that time, he suggested that it should be classified into Pheretima tschiliensis. However, G. E. Gates found out that such earthworm is different with Pheretima tschiliensis. They can be distinguished by the location of the primary spermathecal pores in parietal invaginations. He then named this earthworm after Pheretima praepinguis in 1935. Although Yi Chen insisted that Pheretima praepinguis is a synonym of Pheretima tschiliensis in an article published in 1936, this name is ubiquitously accepted nowadays.
Jinding

The Jinding (Chinese: 金顶; pinyin: Jīndǐng; lit. 'Golden Summit'), elevation 3,077 metres (10,095 ft), is the main peak of Mount Emei, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Sichuan, China. It is also a common name for the Buddhist Huazang Temple (Chinese: 华藏寺; pinyin: Huázàng sì) built on the summit. Jinding is the highest Buddhist temple in traditionally Han areas of China.
Jinding is known for its "four wonders": the sunrise, the sea of clouds, the "Buddhist halo", and the "divine light".
The Huazang Temple was originally built in 1377 during the Ming dynasty, but has been rebuilt multiple times because of fire. The most recent incident happened in 1972, during the Cultural Revolution, when the temple was used for transmitting signals of a local television station. On April 8 at 9:30am, flames caused by a power generator quickly engulfed the wooden temple. The fire burned for two days, destroying countless precious Buddhist relics as well as numerous trees. The only remaining relics are a bronze monument and a bronze doorway from the Ming dynasty, and a bronze statue from the Qing dynasty.
In 2004, as part of the Jinding "Revival and Renovation Plan" by the Mt. Emei Buddhist Association, the Huazang Temple was rebuilt along with a 48-meter-tall stupa of the "Ten-faced Puxian Bodhisattva" (Samantabhadra). The rebuilt temple was officially opened on 18 June 2006. 300 notable Buddhist monks attended the grand ceremony, as well as 3,000 visitors. The reconstruction is seen as a prestigious project for the local authorities, and has helped to attract tourists and religious pilgrims alike. However, it has also been criticized as an attempt to increase revenue. The new structures have been called "inauthentic" and purely "invented".
In March 2016, the Puxian stupa was temporarily closed for renovation. The authorities plan to cover the stupa with 160,000 gold leaves, at a cost of CN¥20 million.
The complex is built along a central axis on a slope, from the lowest to the highest are the stupa, the main hall and the Puxian hall.
The Ten-faced Puxian Stupa stands 48 metres (157 ft) tall, weighs 660 tons and is surrounded by urns containing the ashes of Buddhists. On one side, the bodhisattva holds a ruyi, while on the other, his hands forms the Dhyana Mudra meditation gesture. Inside the stupa is a statue of Maitreya. The stupa was designed by the Taiwanese architect Chu-Yuan Lee.
The Grand Hall of the Great Sage (Chinese: 大雄宝殿; pinyin: Dàxióng Bǎodiàn; or Mahavira Hall) is the main hall, housing statues of the Gautama Buddha and two disciples.
The Puxian Hall (Chinese: 普贤殿; pinyin: Pǔxián diàn), built in 1615, is located behind the main hall at the highest point, and is over 8 metres (26 ft) tall.
Democratic Party (Kenya)

Democratic Party (DP) au Chama cha Demokrasia ni chama cha kisiasa nchini Kenya. Kilianzishwa 1991 na Mwai Kibaki baada ya kuondoka kwake katika chama tawala cha KANU.
Chama kilikuwa na athira na uwezo hasa katika maeneo ya Wakikuyu. Kiliteua Kibaki kama mgombea wa uraisi mara mbili 1992 na 1998 bila kufaulu.
Mwaka 2002 DP iliingia katika maungano ya National Alliance Party of Kenya iliyoungana baadaye na LDP kuwa NARC iliyoshinda uchaguzi wa 2002. DP ilikuwa na wabunge 36 kati ya 126 wa NARC.
Kwa sasa hali yake haieleweki kwa sababu ilitangazwa mwaka 2006 kuwa sehemu ya chama kipya cha Kibaki yaani Party of National Unity.
Jinsi ilivyo na vyama vingi vya Kenya hakina muundo imara haijulikani ni watu wangapi wanoshiriki hali halisi katika mikutano yake kama iko.
New Ford-Kenya

New Ford-Kenya ilikuwa chama cha kisiasa nchini Kenya kilichojitenga na FORD-Kenya kabla ya uchaguzi 2007. Kiongozi wake alikuwa Mukhisa Kituyi. Kilishiriki na Party of National Unity na kumpigania Mwai Kibaki kwa nafasi ya rais.
Chama kiliingia bungeni na wabunge 3.
Kilisambaratika mwaka 2016.
Denise Bucumi-Nkurunziza

Denise Bucumi-Nkurunziza (alizaliwa Gatsinda Mwumba, Mkoa wa Ngozi, 1 Desemba 1969) alikuwa Mke wa Rais wa Burundi kuanzia mwaka 2005 hadi mwaka 2020, Pierre Nkurunziza. Ndiye Waziri pekee aliyewekwa rasmi ambaye amehudumu kama mke wa rais kitu ambacho hakijawahi tokea taifa lolote la Afrika.
Denise Bucumi-Nkurunziza aliolewa na Pierre Nkurunziza mwaka 1994 muda mfupi kabla ya Nkurunziza kulazimishwa kwenda mafichoni katika hatua za mwanzo za Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Burundi. Baadaye aliingia katika Baraza la Kitaifa la waasi la Kutetea Demokrasia - Vikosi vya Kutetea Demokrasia (Conseil National Pour la Défense de la Démocratie - Forces pour la Défense de la Démocratie, CNDD-FDD) na akapanga safu zake za uongozi. Msururu wa makubaliano mwaka 2003 ulifungua njia kwa CNDD–FDD kuunganishwa tena katika siasa. Bucumi-Nkurunziza alirudiana tena na mumewe baada ya miaka kadhaa ya kutengana kwao.
Wote wawili Bucumi-Nkurunziza na mumewe walikuwa Wakristo wa Kanisa la Kiinjili la Waprotestanti. Bucumi-Nkurunziza alikua Waziri aliyetawazwa na alihusika katika shughuli za hisani chini ya taasisi yake ya Buntu kama Mke wa Rais. Aliandika tawasifu, iliyochapishwa na L'Harmattan. Wenzi hao walijaaliwa kuwa na watoto sita pamoja.
Asubuhi ya tarehe 28 Mei mwaaka 2020, alisafirishwa kwa ndege hadi Nairobi, Kenya kutibiwa UVIKO-19 wakati wa janga la UVIKO-19 nchini Burundi. Alipelekwa katika Hospitali ya Chuo Kikuu cha Aga Khan. Mumewe alifariki tarehe 8 Juni mwaka 2020 huko Karuzi. Ingawa sababu ya kifo ilisemekana kuwa mshtuko wa moyo, lakini ilishukiwa sana kwamba alikuwa amekufa kwa ugonjwa wa UVIKO-19.
Denise Bacumi mnamo mwaka 2013 alitoa kitabu kinacho husu maisha yake kilicho andikwa na muandishi wa Ufaransa L'Harmattan
Rais wa Afrika Kusini

Rais wa Afrika Kusini ni mkuu wa nchi na mkuu wa serikali wa Jamhuri ya Afrika Kusini. Rais anasimamia tawi la utendaji la serikali na ni Amiri Jeshii Mkuu wa Jeshi la Ulinzi la Taifa la Afrika Kusini. Kuanzia mwaka 1961 hadi 1994, ofisi ya mkuu wa nchi ilijulikana kama urais wa taifa.
Rais anachaguliwa na Bunge la Taifa, jumba la chini ya Bunge, na kwa kawaida ni kiongozi wa chama kikuu, ambacho kimekuwa chama cha African National Congress (ANC) tangu uchaguzi wa kwanza wa watu wa rangi mbalimbali uliofanyika tarehe 27 Aprili 1994. Katiba inaweka ukomo wa muda wa rais kukaa madarakani kwa mihula miwili ya miaka mitano. Rais wa kwanza kuchaguliwa chini ya katiba mpya alikuwa Nelson Mandela. Rais aliye madarakani sasa ni Cyril Ramaphosa, aliyechaguliwa na Bunge la Taifa tarehe 15 Februari 2018 baada ya kujiuzulu kwa Jacob Zuma.
Chini ya katiba ya mpito (iliyodumu kuanzia 1994 hadi 1996), kulikuwa na Serikali ya Umoja wa Kitaifa, ambapo mwanachama wa Bunge (MB) kutoka chama kikuu cha upinzani alikuwa na haki ya kuwa na nafasi ya makamu wa rais. Pamoja na Thabo Mbeki, rais wa mwisho wa apartheid, F. W. de Klerk pia alihudumu kama makamu wa rais, akiwa kiongozi wa Chama cha Kitaifa kilichokuwa chama cha pili kwa ukubwa katika Bunge jipya. Lakini baadaye de Klerk alijiuzulu na kuingia kwenye upinzani na chama chake. Serikali ya umoja wa hiari inaendelea kuwepo chini ya katiba mpya (iliyopitishwa mwaka 1996), ingawa hakuna wateule wa wanasiasa wa upinzani kwa wadhifa wa makamu wa rais tangu wakati huo.
Rais anapaswa kuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Taifa wakati wa uchaguzi. Baada ya kuchaguliwa, rais anajiuzulu mara moja kutoka kwenye kiti chake kwa kipindi chote cha muhula wa urais. Rais anaweza kung'olewa madarakani kwa kutolewa hoja ya kutokuwa na imani naye au kupitia kesi ya kuondolewa madarakani.
Rais anajulikana kama: "Mheshimiwa" au "Bwana / Bibi Rais" .
Ofisi rasmi ya Rais iko Majengo ya Umoja (Union Buildings) mjini Pretoria na Tuynhuys mjini Cape Town. Makazi yake ni Mahlamba Ndlopfu mjini Pretoria na Genadendal mjini Cape Town.
African National Congress
Bunge la Taifa la Kenya

Bunge la Taifa ni chumba cha chini cha Bunge la Kenya. Kabla ya Bunge la 11, kulikuwa na bunge la chumba kimoja, ila mpaka mwaka 1966 la vyumba viwili.Lina jumla ya viti 349: kati yake, 290 ni vya kuchaguliwa kutoka majimbo ya uchaguzi, 47 vya wanawake waliochaguliwa kutoka kaunti na 12 vya wawakilishi walioteuliwa. Spika hatumiki kama mjumbe.
Kamati za Seneti na Bunge la Taifa za Pamoja:
Bunge la Kitaifa la Kenya lina jukumu muhimu katika utungaji wa sheria, usimamizi wa serikali, na uwakilishi wa wananchi. Linahakikisha uwajibikaji wa serikali, kupitisha bajeti, na kushughulikia masuala ya kitaifa. Hapa chini ni majukumu yake kuu:
Bunge la Kitaifa linahusika na kutunga, kurekebisha, na kufuta sheria zinazoongoza nchi. Miswada inaweza kuwasilishwa na wabunge au Serikali. Baada ya kupitishwa, inaweza kupelekwa kwa Seneti (ikiwa inahitajika) na hatimaye kwa Rais kwa ajili ya kutiwa sahihi.
Bunge la Kitaifa linachunguza utendaji wa Serikali ili kuhakikisha uwazi na uwajibikaji. Hili hufanyika kupitia:
Kupitia ripoti kutoka kwa wizara na mashirika ya serikali.
Bunge la Kitaifa lina mamlaka ya pekee ya kupitisha bajeti ya taifa na kugawa rasilimali. Linapitia bajeti ya kila mwaka inayowasilishwa na Hazina ya Kitaifa ili kuhakikisha fedha zinatumika kwa ufanisi katika sekta mbalimbali.
Wabunge wanawakilisha maslahi ya wananchi wao kwa kuwasilisha maombi, kujadili sera zinazoathiri maeneo yao, na kutetea miradi ya maendeleo.
Bunge la Kitaifa lina mamlaka ya kuanzisha mchakato wa kumuondoa madarakani maafisa wa ngazi za juu serikalini, kama vile Rais, Naibu Rais, Mawaziri, na maafisa wengine wa serikali kwa ukiukaji wa Katiba, utovu wa nidhamu, au uzembe mkubwa.
Bunge la Kitaifa hupitia na kuidhinisha uteuzi wa maafisa wakuu wa serikali, kama vile Mawaziri, Makatibu Wakuu, na Mabalozi, ili kuhakikisha watu wenye sifa wanashikilia nyadhifa za umma.
Bunge la Kitaifa hujadili na kupitisha mikataba, makubaliano, na itifaki za kimataifa kabla ya Kenya kujifunga kisheria, kuhakikisha kuwa zinakidhi maslahi ya taifa.
Bunge linawajibika kutunga sheria kuhusu kodi na ukusanyaji wa mapato. Linaamua aina na viwango vya ushuru vitakavyotozwa kwa wananchi na biashara ili kufadhili shughuli za serikali.
Katika nyakati za dharura za kitaifa, Bunge la Kitaifa linashiriki katika kuidhinisha hali ya hatari, hatua za dharura, na kutuma Vikosi vya Ulinzi vya Kenya (KDF) nje ya nchi.
Anwani ya kijiografia: 1°17′24″S 36°49′12″E﻿ / ﻿1.29°S 36.82°E﻿ / -1.29; 36.82
The Barrier (Kenya)

The Barrier is an active shield volcano located in the north of Kenya. It is last known to have erupted in 1921.
The Barrier was given its name because it forms a barrier about 20 kilometres (12 mi) long across the Kenyan Rift Valley. It has a width of 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) and separates Lake Turkana to the north and the Suguta Valley and the small Lake Logipi to the south. The volcanic complex consists of four distinct volcanoes. From west to east these are Kalolenyang, Kakorinya, Likaiu West and Likaiu East. The foundation rocks are mainly basalt. About 90% of the volume is trachyte.
Kakorinya is the youngest of the group and forms the center of the complex, with a well-preserved circular crater that has not been breached. The 3.8 kilometres (2.4 mi) wide summit caldera of Kakorinya was formed about 92,000 years ago. Much of the floor of the caldera is filled with trachytic and phonolitic lava domes and flows that recently erupted within the caldera and along its ring fracture. There are scoria cones and lava flows from the early Holocene on the north and south flanks of the volcano complex. In the 19th and 20th centuries there have been explosive eruptions and lava flows from Teleki on the northern side and from Andrew's cone on the south side of Kakorinya. The last known eruption was in 1921.
FKF President's Cup

The FKF President's Cup is the top knockout tournament in Kenyan football and is the Kenyan equivalent to the FA Cup. It was started in the 1950s, but during its existence, the knockout tournament has had different names depending on largely, sponsorship, and as determined by the administration in charge.
The winner of the Cup receives a direct ticket to represent Kenya in Africa's second-tier competition, lately known as the CAF Confederation Cup.
In 2003 two different cup competitions were held in Kenya - due to politics - because the 4 semi-finalists of the President's Cup withdrew from the KFF and continued with their "Transparency Cup" while the KFF continued their tournament with already eliminated clubs. The 2020 edition was halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic, just a year after Betway betting firm was announced as the title sponsor. It continued in 2021 but was not played in 2022 due to a Government takeover of Kenyan football. The competition returned in 2023 as Mozzart Bet Cup following sponsorship from the gaming firm.
Orders, decorations, and medals of Kenya

Orders, decorations, and medals of Kenya are awarded by the President of Kenya "in recognition of outstanding or distinguished services rendered to the nation in various capacities and responsibilities". Awards are made by the president upon the advice of a National Honours and Awards Committee in the president's office. Individuals are nominated for awards by district committees, government ministries, religious organisations, non-governmental organisations, individuals and others. The Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart is the highest honour awarded by the Kenyan government.
The President of Kenya holds the position of Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya. The incumbent is William Samoei Ruto.
The Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya is the highest honour in Kenya, and as of 2009 the award has been bestowed on 198 people since Kenyan independence. Recipients of this award include Yoweri Museveni the President of Uganda, Aga Khan IV, Reimond Kipkesio and Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin, 53rd Dai al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohra community.
The Elder of the Order of the Golden Heart (E.G.H.) is the second highest honour awarded by the republic of Kenyan government.
On 20 April 2017, President Uhuru Kenyatta awarded the Elder of the Order of the Golden Heart to His Holiness Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin, at the inauguration of Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah in Nairobi.
On 20 October 2019, President Kenyatta awarded the Elder of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya to Eliud Kipchoge for running a sub two-hour marathon in Vienna, Austria.
Salah Farah received the award for dying trying to fend off a terrorist attack. The Kenyan President, Uhuru Kenyatta, said Farah "...is a costly reminder that we all have a role to protecting our freedoms."
Another notable recipient is the chief principal of Moi High School Kabarak, Mrs Elisheba Cheruiyot