davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
ఈశ్వరీ రావు

{{Infobox person | name = ఈశ్వరీ రావు | image = Easwari Rao, Prashanth Neel, Yash, Srinidhi Shetty Promote KGF Chapter 2 in Chennai.jpg | image_size = | caption = చెన్నైలో శ్రీనిధి శెట్టి పక్కన నిలబడి K.G.F 2 ప్రమోషన్స్‌లో ఈశ్వరీ రావు | birth_date = (1973-06-13) 1973 జూన్ 13 (age 51) | birth_place = [[పెద్దాపురం ], తూర్పు గోదావరి జిల్లా, ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ రాష్ట్రం, భారతదేశం | death_date = | death_place = | othername = జనని, విజయశ్రీ, వైజయంతి | years_active = 1990–20052014- ప్రస్తుతం | spouse = ఎల్.రాజా | children = 2 }}
ఈశ్వరీ రావు భారతీయ సినీ నటి. ఆమె తెలుగు, తమిళం, మలయాళం, కన్నడ భాషల్లో నటించింది. ఈశ్వరీ రావు 1990 - 1999 వరకు హీరోయిన్ గా, 2000 సంవత్సరం నుండి సహాయ నటిగా నటిస్తుంది.
ఈశ్వరీ రావు 1995లో దర్శకుడు ఎల్.రాజాను వివాహమాడింది.
కాంచీపురం జిల్లా

కాంచీపురం జిల్లా, భారతదేశం, తమిళనాడు రాష్ట్రం లోని ఒక జిల్లా. కాంచీపురం జిల్లాతో కూడిన ప్రాంతం గతంలో చింగ్లేపుట్ జిల్లాలో భాగంగా ఉండేది.అసలు 1997లో చింగ్లెపుట్ జిల్లావిడిపోయి ప్రస్తుత కాంచీపురం తిరువళ్లూరు జిల్లాలుగా ఏర్పడింది. 2019 జులై 18న, చెంగల్‌పట్టు జిల్లా కాంచీపురం జిల్లానుండి వేరు చేయబడింది, చెంగల్‌పేట్ నుండి చెన్నై వైపు శివారు ప్రాంతాలు చెంగల్‌పేట లోని జిల్లాప్రధాన కార్యాలయం క్రింద ఉన్నాయి. ముఖ్యమంత్రి ఎడప్పాడి కె పళనిస్వామి చేసిన విభజన నవంబరు 29 అమలులోకి వచ్చింది.
తమిళనాడులోని ఈశాన్య భాగంలో కాంచీపురం జిల్లా ఉంది. దీనికి తూర్పున చెంగల్పట్టు జిల్లా, ఈశాన్యంలో చెన్నైజిల్లా, పశ్చిమాన రాణిపేట్, తిరువణ్ణామలై, ఉత్తరాన తిరువళ్లూరు జిల్లాలు సరిహద్దులుగా ఉన్నాయి. ఇది 11° 00' నుండి 12° 00' అక్షాంశాలు, 77° 28' నుండి 78° 50' రేఖాంశాల మధ్య ఉంది. జిల్లా భౌగోళిక విస్తీర్ణం మొత్తం 4,43,210 హెక్టార్లు.
దిగువ పట్టిక వివిధ కాలాలలో జిల్లాలో అనుభవించే గరిష్ట, కనిష్ట ఉష్ణోగ్రతలను చూపుతుంది.
ఈశాన్య, నైరుతి రుతుపవనాలలో వర్షపాతం ఎక్కువ. మొత్తం వార్షిక వర్షపాతానికి 54% , 36% మధ్యలోఉంటుంది.సాధారణ రుతుపవనాల సమయంలో, జిల్లా 1200 మి.మీ. వర్షపాతం పొందుతుంది. జిల్లాలో ప్రవహించే ముఖ్యమైన నది పాలార్. ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్‌లో నదికి అడ్డంగా ఆనకట్టల నిర్మాణాల కారణంగా సంవత్సరంలోఎక్కువ భాగం పొడిగా ఉంటుంది. జిల్లాలో గణనీయమైన ఎత్తులో కొన్నికొండలు మాత్రమే ఉన్నాయి.మదురాంతకం తాలూకా దక్షిణ భాగంలో చిన్న కొండలు ఉన్నాయి.జిల్లాలో మొత్తం అటవీ విస్తీర్ణం 23,586 హెక్టార్లు ఉంది
జిల్లాలో వివిధ స్థాయిల స్థానిక సంస్థలు పరిపాలనా ప్రయోజనాల కోసం ఉన్నాయి.
కాంచీపురం జిల్లాలో రెండు రెవెన్యూ డివిజన్లు, ఐదు తాలూకాలు ఉన్నాయి:
కాంచీపురం జిల్లాలో, 2011 భారత జనాభా లెక్కల ప్రకారం 3,998,252 జనాభా ఉంది.లింగ నిష్పత్తి ప్రతి 1,000 మంది పురుషులకు 986 స్త్రీలు ఉన్నారు. ఈ లింగ నిష్పత్తి, జాతీయసగటు 929 కంటే చాలా ఎక్కువ పట్టణ జనాభా మొత్తంలో 431,574 మంది ఆరు సంవత్సరాల కంటే తక్కువ వయస్సు గలవారు ఉన్నారు. వీరిలో 220,341 మంది పురుషులు కాగా,211,233 మంది స్త్రీలు ఉన్నారు. జనాభా మొత్తంలో షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాలు వారు 23.71% మంది ఉండగా, షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగలు వారు, 1.03% ఉన్నారు. జిల్లా సగటుఅక్షరాస్యత 75.37% ఉంది. ఇది జాతీయ సగటు 72.99% కంటే ఎక్కువ. జిల్లాలో మొత్తం 1,006,245 గృహాలు ఉన్నాయి.మొత్తం 1,673,814 మంది కార్మికులు,ఇందులో 74,761 మంది సాగుదారులు,162,494 ప్రధాన వ్యవసాయ కార్మికులు, 41,149కుటీర పరిశ్రమలు,1,088,974 ఇతర కార్మికులు, 306,436 మంది ఉపాంత కార్మికులు, 14,582 ఉపాంత సాగుదారులు,110,020 మంది ఉపాంత వ్యవసాయ కార్మికులు,13,583 కుటీర పరిశ్రమ ఉపాంత కార్మికులు,16,8,251 ఉపాంత కార్మికులు ఉన్నారు.
South India Textile Research Association

The South India Textile Research Association, often known by acronym SITRA, is a textile research association established in 1956 at Coimbatore, India. SITRA is an Industry sponsored research institute supported by the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India. It is considered to be one of the best equipped textile research organisations in the world and its members apart from India include Indonesia, Iran, Nigeria, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bangladesh.
Coimbatore became home to textile industry of South India by Independence. The textile industry in Coimbatore and Madras state along with the Ministry of Textiles planned on a modern textile research association. The foundation stone was laid on 25 December 1955 by Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and inaugurated by President of India Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan on 13 October 1958. The first chairman was R. K. Shanmugam Chettiar, also India's first Finance Minister. Padma Bhushan Kasturi Sreenivasan, who was the Director from 1955 till 1982 was instrumental in establishing SITRA as a major research institute and would later become chairman of National Textile Corporation.
The institute is located on Avinashi Road, Peelamedu, Coimbatore near the Airport.
Its surrounding area is known as Sitra or Chitra-a variation of its acronym.
The research center is governed by a Council of Administration consisting of member representatives of the Industry, Scientists and Government.
The campus is located on the Avinashi Road, Peelamedu, Coimbatore. It is a sprawling campus of about 32.5 acres, with a floor space of about 15,000 sq. m., The campus is equipped full range of sophisticated textile testing instruments and modern machines with textile testing, electronics and calibration laboratories, library. A pilot mill is located inside the campus to carry our real time simulation tests and research. The physical and chemical laboratories are accredited by NABL in accordance with the standard ISO/IEC 17025: 1999 General Requirements for the competence of Testing and Calibration laboratories.
SITRA has its own technical journal publishing wing covering areas of future trends, labour welfare and management and publishes the ranking list for member mills as well as textile standard norm in Testing and production.
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/spinning-mill-reopened/article6961114.ece
http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/plan-to-expand-power-loom-upgradation-scheme-to-more-clusters/article6876506.ece
Buta (ornament)

The boteh (Persian: بته), is an almond or pine cone-shaped motif in ornament with a sharp-curved upper end. Though of Persian origin, it is very common and called buta in India, Azerbaijan, Turkey and other countries of the Near East. In India, the shape is associated more with a mango than with a pine cone, and is called ambi, from āmra (Sanskrit: आम्र) meaning mango. Via Kashmir shawls it spread to Europe at least in the 19th century, where patterns using it are known since 1960s as paisleys, as Paisley, Renfrewshire in Scotland was a major centre imitating them.
In Asian ornament, the boteh motifs are typically placed in orderly rows, though especially in India they may appear in a pattern in a variety of sizes, colours, and orientations, which is also characteristic of European paisley patterns.
Some design scholars believe the boteh is the convergence of a stylized floral spray and a cypress tree: a Zoroastrian symbol of life and eternity. The "bent" cedar is also a sign of strength and resistance but modesty. The floral motif originated in the Sassanid dynasty and was used later in the Safavid dynasty, and was a major textile pattern in Iran during the Qajar and Pahlavi dynasties. In these periods, the pattern was used to decorate royal regalia, crowns, and court garments, as well as textiles used by the general population. Persian and Central Asian designs usually range the motifs in orderly rows, with a plain background.
The motifs can still be found on Persian carpets, Azerbaijani rugs, kalaghai shawls and textiles, paintings of decorative-applied arts of Greater Iran and also in decorations of architectural monuments.
It is woven using gold or silver threads on silk or other high quality textiles for gifts, for weddings and special occasions. In Iran and Uzbekistan, its use goes beyond clothing, with paintings, jewelry, frescoes, curtains, tablecloths, quilts, carpets, garden landscaping, and pottery also sporting the boteh design. In Uzbekistan the most frequently found item featuring the design is the traditional doʻppi caps.
In Tamil Nadu the manga maalai (mango necklace) with matching earrings is a traditional feature of bharathanatyam dance. It is a prominent design in Kanchipuram saris. The symbol has been associated with Hinduism.
Patterns and ornaments of buta motifs can be found on Azerbaijani rugs, kalaghai and textiles, paintings of decorative-applied arts of Azerbaijan and also in decorations of architectural monuments. This motif is considered as the most ancient among all national ornaments of Azerbaijan. There are many printed items decorated only with buta. Buta is displayed in the emblem of the 2012 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, which was held in Azerbaijan. It is also the mascot of Buta Airways.
Chendamangalam saree

Chendamangalam Saree is a traditional hand woven cotton sari from Chendamangalam, Ernakulam district of Kerala. This saree is part of the Chendamangalam Handloom tradition of Kerala.
This weaving tradition was started by Devanga Chettiar community who were settled at Chendamangalam in the 16th century for Paliath Achan family, the hereditary Prime minister and Raja of the Paliam swaroopam under the Kingdom of Cochin. They started by weaving fine muslin dhotis that could pass ringtest. The handloom tradition flourished into sarees and other fabrics under the nobles of Cochin. The weaving waned by early 20th century as a result of diminishing of patronage. However, through Chendamangalam Handloom Co-operative Society formed in 1954 and The Kerala Co-operative Society Act of 1969 the handloom witnessed revival.
The weavers faced huge losses due to 2018 Kerala floods in the region. The loom regained its glory through collaborative efforts and social participations such as Care 4 Chendamangalam. There was also a unique initiative called Chekutty dolls that was initiated by social entrepreneurs Lakshmi Menon and Gopinath Parayil, which made dolls out of soiled garments that were destroyed by floods in order to raise funds for revival. In 2021 May there was a new collection made for women in law in order to commemorate birth anniversary of first women judge of India Anna Chandy.
It is one among the four famous weaving traditions existing in Kerala today. The saree is distinguished by its puliyilakara (tamarind leaf border), a thin black line that runs abreast with the sari's selvedge. It also has extra-weft chuttikara and stripes and checks of varying width. The saree is a typical Kerala sari and has Kasavu used in it. This sarees are made with high thread count in the range of 80 - 120 and needs two to four days of manual labour.
In 2010, the Government of Kerala applied for Geographical Indication for Chendamangalam Dhoties, Sarees/Set Mundu. The Government of India recognized it as a Geographical indication officially since the year 2011.
Dharmavaram, Sri Sathya Sai district

Dharmavaram is a city in Sri Sathya Sai District of the Andhra Pradesh state of Indian country. It is mandal and divisional headquarters of Dharmavaram mandal and Dharmavaram revenue division respectively. The city is known for its handloom silk sarees. The city is renowned for cotton, silk weaving industries and leather puppets. The city is called as Silk city of Andhra Pradesh. Dharmavaram is famous for Handloom Weavers, Saree Designs, Jacquard designs, Silk Extraction from Silkworm Cacoons, Dyeing and it is fully populated by maximum weavers and by developing technology makes changes by producing various types of machine equipment emerging for weavers to weave quickly than the past decades and quality production was happening now and the production was famous for Sarees.
As of 2011 census, the town had a population of 121,874. The total population constitute, 62,250 males, 59,624 females –a sex ratio of 958 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 940 per 1000. 12,730 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 6,834 are boys and 5,896 are girls—a sex ratio of 863 girls per 1000 boys. The average literacy rate stands at 71.07% with 77,564 literates, 44,055 male and 33,509 female, slightly lower than the national average of 73.00%.
Dharmavaram is a hub for pure silk sarees. The economy of the town is dependent on the weaving industry. Farmers depend on rainwater due to lack of water resources. A major crop in this area is ground nuts.
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by the government, aided and private schools School Education Department of the state. The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English, Telugu, Urdu.
Dharmavaram tank was constructed by Kriyasakthi Odeyar. The name of the city was derived from the name of his mother, Dharmamba.
Dharmavaram is located at 14°26′N 77°43′E﻿ / ﻿14.43°N 77.72°E﻿ / 14.43; 77.72. It has an average elevation of 345 metres (1131 feet).
Dharmavaram Municipality was formed on 1 April 1964 as a Grade–III municipality. It is upgraded to Selection Grade and has a jurisdictional area of 42.50 km (16.41 sq mi) with 40 election wards. Each ward is represented by a ward member and the ward committee is headed by a chairperson. The present chairperson of the municipality is Beere Gopala Krishna and the commissioner is V. Mallikarjun.
The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation operates bus services from Dharmavaram bus station. Dharmavaram Junction railway station is a major railway station located on the Guntakal–Bangalore section and the Dharmavaram–Pakala branch line. There are two trains starting from this station to Vijayawada and Machilipatnam
La Baule-Dakar

La Baule-Dakar, pe Course des Amaldies, a oa ur redadeg etre Ar Baol ha Dakar (Senegal), o tremen dre an Azorez (etre an inizi Faial ha Pico), evit ar bigi-dre-lien unkouc'h ha lieskouc'h.
E-touez 37 bag
Dilezel :
Lieskouc'h:
Unkouc'h :
Ur redadeg a-zaou e voe. Ar bageer Daniel Gilard a voe kouezhet er mor d'an 23 a viz Here.
Dilezel (7 bag war 12):
Ur redadeg en e unan e voe. Lieskouc'h :
Unkouc'h :
Solitaire du Figaro

Ar Solitaire du Figaro, pe Solitaire URGO Le Figaro (hervez anv ar sponsor URGO) etre 2017 ha 2019, a zo ur redadeg a-dennadoù en e unan evit bigi-dre-lien heñveldoare.
Aozet e voe e 1970 evit ar wech kentañ gant Jean-Louis Guillemard ha Jean-Michel Barrault.
Lec'hienn ofisiel
Route du Rhum

Ar Route du Rhum a zo ur redadeg treuzatlantel en e unan, hag a vez pep pevar bloaz etre Sant-Maloù/Kankaven ha Pointe-à-Pitre (Gwadeloup), e dibenn miz Here pe deroù miz Du.
Ar rekord a zo aet da Loïck Peyron e 2014 war bourzh Maxi Solo Banque Populaire VII, e 7 devezh 15 eurvezh 8 munutenn ha 32 eilenn.
Aozet eo ar Route du Rhum gant OC Sport Pen Duick abaoe 2006. 40 vloaz ar redadeg e vo e 2018.
Lec'hienn ofisiel
Anne Caseneuve

Anne Caseneuve, bet ganet d'an 12 a viz Ebrel 1964 e Villepinte (Seine-Saint-Denis, Bro-C'hall) hag aet d'an Anaon gant ar c'hrign-bev d'an 19 a viz Du 2015 e Sant-Ervlan, a oa ur verdeerez hag ur sportourez vreton. Perc'hennez ur skol-vageal e oa ivez. Edo o chom en Aradon.
Er redadeg Route du Rhum he deus kemeret perzh peder gwech, e 2014 evit ar wech diwezhañ. Aet e oa ar maout ganti er rummad Rhum e 2014.
Ellen MacArthur

Ganet eo bet Ellen MacArthur d'an 8 a viz Gouere 1976 e Whatstandwell e Bro-Saoz
Lakaet e oa da "voraer ar bloaz" e 1998 gant ar Royal Yachting Association
Erruet e oa da eil (ha da gentañ maouez ) e-barzh ar Vendée Globe 2000/2001.
Aet e oa ar maout ganti er route du Rhum d'an 23 a viz Du 2002 gant ar vag Kingfisher.
D'an 8 a viz C'hwevrer 2005 e oa aet ganti rekord ar vageadenn tro-dro d' ar bed en ur vag-dre-lien (hec'h-unan)/e-unan en ur ober 71 deiz, 14 eur, 18 munud hag 33 eilenn. Distroadet ganti rekord kozh Francis Joyon.
Gurvan Musset

Gurvan Musset a zo kazetenner brezhonek ha gallek. Goude bezañ bet o labourat e skolaj kentañ Diwan (e Brest hag er Releg-Kerhuon), eo aet da gazetenner e France 3 Iroise. Bet eo penngazetenner eno a-raok mont da eilpenngazetenner e France 3 Bretagne, hag da rener France Bleu Breizh Izel e 2014. Labouret en deus evit Sportbreizh ivez. Krouet en doa e 2013 ur redadeg mac'h-houarn e breizh hag e skihpaill e 2017.
Route du Rhum

The Route du Rhum is a transatlantic single-handed yacht race, which takes place every four years in November. The course is between Saint Malo, Brittany, Metropolitan France and Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, overseas France, in the Caribbean. The first competition, won by Canadian Michael Birch in his boat Olympus Photo by a margin of 98 seconds over second-placed Michel Malinovsky in Kriter V, was held in 1978, and was marked in tragedy by the disappearance of Alain Colas during the crossing.
The current record is 6d 19h 47m 25s, set on November 16, 2022, by Charles Caudrelier.
Referred to as the ORMA 50, Ocean 50 and Multi 50
Referred to as the ORMA 50, Ocean 50 and Multi 50
2022 Route du Rhum

The Route du Rhum is a single person transatlantic race the 2022 race was the 12th edition and had six classes with 138 boats taking part. The events status as a qualification for event for the Vendee Globe lead to the largest most competitive fleet of IMOCA 60 class yachts gathered todate. In his first attempt at the race Charles Caudrelier took line honours in a new race record time on the Maxi Multihull Edmond de Rothschild in six days, 19 hours and 47 minutes.
Delayed Start
Loss of IMOCA 60
Collisions with shipping and fellow Competitors
Running aground
Diversions
Capsize of Multi 50
Transatlantic sailing record

Since the five-week voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492, quickly and safely crossing the Atlantic Ocean between Europe and the Americas has always been an important issue. Today, the route has become a classic one among skippers. The record is one of the most prestigious, next to the Jules Verne Trophy, for which it is often a good preparation.
This record can be achieved both ways: from west to east or from east to west. It can also be homologated single-handed or crewed, on monohulls or on multihulls. It is homologated, since 1972, by the WSSRC
This route is the fastest, as it follows the prevailing westerlies. It is the one that meets the most interest among skippers. The crossing must be made from Ambrose Light of New York to an imaginary line linking Lizard Point, Cornwall to Ushant. The distance is around 2,880 nautical miles (5,330 km; 3,310 mi).
This crossing is made between Cadiz and San Salvador Island, for a distance of 3,884 nautical miles (7,193 km). It was also called Route of the discovery in honor of Christopher Columbus and his 1492 crossing.
2,870 nautical miles
2,551 nautical miles
2,800 nautical miles
2005 Rolex Transatlantic Challenge

The 2005 Rolex Transatlantic Challenge was celebrated at the 100th anniversary of the 1905 race for the Kaiser's Cup also known as "The Great Ocean Race". In this race, there was a skipper named Charlie Barr who raced the 3-masted schooner called Atlantic across the ocean for nearly 3,000 nautical miles (6,000 km) of the North Atlantic to set a monohull unbeaten record for the 1905 course of exactly only 12 days, 4 hours, 1 minute and 19 seconds.
In the years that followed, other yachts made the same west-east Atlantic crossing in much faster times but not, however, in any official race, this was not to happen until the 2005 Rolex Transatlantic Challenge. The Atlantic held her title for 100 years, making it the oldest record recognized by the World Sailing Speed Record Council of the ISAF.
In addition to some official records, there were also a number of impressive silver cups to be passed along for various titles and classes, and some major pre- and post-race festivities held respectively by the New York Yacht Club and the Royal Yacht Squadron at Cowes, on the Isle of Wight.
The 2005 Rolex Transatlantic Challenge began May 22 at a point near Ambrose Tower off Sandy Hook, New Jersey, in the vicinity of the former Sandy Hook Lightship. Though she is no longer with us, the old Lightship Ambrose was a starting point for many transatlantic record attempts. Entrants raced north and eastward toward The Lizard, on the southwestern tip of Cornwall. There was a northern course boundary of sorts, established by the International Ice Patrol.
Yachts were required to pass through a "gate" (imaginary line) extending from the Lizard Point Lighthouse to a point four miles (6 km) offshore. The course then ran another 142 nautical miles (263 km) farther to the second finish near the Needles Channel entrance at the western end of The Isle of Wight. Yachts
The 2005 Rolex Transatlantic Challenge was open to monohull yachts whose deck lengths were 70 feet (21 m) long or greater. There was no upper size limit. The 21 entries in the 2005 Rolex Transatlantic Challenge ranged in size from the 70-foot (21 m) Swan sloop Stay Calm up to the 252-foot (77 m) square-rigged clipper ship Stad Amsterdam.
Four divisions started: "Classic" (including the Fife-designed ketchSumurun), "Performance Cruising", "Classes 1 and 2" (including the luxurious ketchTiara) and "Grand Prix" (the line-honours prize for the match between the maxi yachts Mari-Cha IV and Maximus). The Classic division's handicap system was a modification of a previous NYYC Cruising Rule.
Performance Cruising and Grand Prix divisions operated under Americap II and IRC handicap systems.
Jennifer French (sailor)

Jennifer French (born 1971) is an American SKUD 18 Para sailor.
French was born in Royalton, Ohio. She attended Bridgewater State University and is a member of St. Petersburg Yacht Club She is married to Tim French and is friends with P. Hunter Peckham, who is a physician at the Functional Electrical Stimulation director and a sail boat racer as well.
French was paralyzed after she damaged her spinal cord while snowboarding in 1998.
She started participating in the Olympics in 2009 at the United States Disabled Sailing Championship, where she earned first place. She took fifth place at Rolex Miami OCR the same year, and first place the following year. Her awards went down from gold to bronze in two years. In 2011, she won a silver medal at IFDS Worlds and a year later went down to bronze at another annual Rolex Miami ISAF Sailing World Cup. At the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, she won another silver medal for sailing.
Jennifer French is the author of the book "On My Feet Again" (published 2012) and a speaker at the 2018 TedX Berkeley conference (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tkspAQW_2sQ). In the book she describes her experiences with new technologies intended for individuals with spinal cord injury. She uses the perspective of a participant in a clinical trial to tell the story of an implanted neuro-prosthetic system that enables her to stand up out of her wheelchair and move around on her own feet. She is an avid advocate for equal rights and equal treatment of individuals with disabilities and has presented at numerous technology and medical device conferences to highlight the equalizing effect that technology has in today's world.
Sailing at the Summer Olympics

Sailing (also known as yachting until 2000) has been one of the Olympic sports since the Games of the I Olympiad, held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. Despite being scheduled in the first Olympic program, the races were canceled due to severe weather conditions. Apart from the 1904 Summer Olympics, sailing has been present in every edition of the Olympic Games.
Over the years the classes used in the Olympic Sailing Program were replaced from time to time. This table shows this development:
Gender Criteria: Open events have no gender requirements where as mixed events require male and female competitors Events Notes: Events in "()" Brackets were scheduled but did not take place and therefore not included in the totals
Pictures will be replaced by more relevant photos.
Updated as of Paris 2024 Olympics.
This table is based upon the names of the sailors who are documented in the Official Olympic Reports.
The last column shows the total number of competitors sent from each country.
Briton Ben Ainslie and Brazilians Torben Grael and Robert Scheidt are the only Olympic sailors with five Olympic medals. The most successful sailor is Ainslie with four gold medals and one silver, one of only four athletes to win four consecutive gold medals in individual events.
Sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics

Sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held from 8–18 August at Marina da Gloria in Guanabara Bay. The sailing classes had two changes from the 2012 Summer Olympics events. There were 10 events.
Following the announcement of the games, water pollution became a hot topic, and a commitment to cleaning up the water was given by the hosts. This target was not fully achieved and water quality issues were frequently in the media. World Sailing examined various options including holding the racing fully outside the bay or even moving the event to Buzios. However, in the end only the Belgian sailor Evi Van Acker reported that her Olympics were affected. The German sailor Erik Heil was also infected by multi-resistant germs during an Olympic test event in Rio. The location for sailing events was a source of concern for athletes since scientists had found drug-resistant super bacteria in Guanabara Bay due to the daily dumping of hospital waste and household raw sewage into the rivers and ocean. The Brazilian federal government's Oswaldo Cruz Foundation lab also found the genes of super bacteria in a river that empties into Guanabara Bay.
Just before the games the launch ramp collapsed but no one was injured.
A total of 380 athletes competed in the sailing competitions of the Games. The qualification period began at the 2014 ISAF Sailing World Championships in September 2014. As hosts, Brazil was guaranteed one quota place in each of the ten events.
Racing at the 2016 Olympics was fleet racing where all competitors started and sailed the course together. They were scored according to the low-point system, where first place is scored 1, second place is scored 2, etc. There was a series of preliminary races followed by the final Medal Race. The RS:X, 49er, 49erFX, and Nacra 17 classes had 12 preliminary races, other classes have 10.
At the end of the preliminary races, the top ten boats in each class (i.e. those with the lowest total scores) advanced to the Medal Race. Each boat might exclude one race from their total. The Medal Race could not be excluded from the series score and counts double. The boat with the lowest overall total after all races was the winner. Any ties in the final rankings were broken in favour of the competitor/crew finishing higher in the Medal Race.
The competition started on 8 August and finished on 18 August.
* Host nation (Brazil)
2023 Sailing World Championships

The 2023 Sailing World Championships were held in The Hague, the Netherlands, from 8 to 20 August 2023. It was the sixth edition of the Sailing World Championships and the world championships for all disciplines at the next Olympics, and for four para sailing classes. It took place on the waters off Scheveningen and offered the chance to qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France, whose sailing competition were held in Marseille. Para sailing was held on Braassemermeer. Approximately 1,400 sailors were expected.
The venue hosted the 2022 Youth Sailing World Championships.
The following cities competed to win the right to host the Championships.
In May 2018, The Hague was chosen host of the championship. In 2020, it was decided the championships will be held in 2023 instead of 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the postponement of the 2020 Summer Olympics.
The following events are open for entries:
* Host nation (Netherlands)
Participating national federations and number of boats per federation:
Canada–France Maritime Boundary Case

The Canada–France Maritime Boundary Case was a dispute between Canada and France that was decided in 1992 by an arbitral tribunal created by the parties to resolve the dispute. The decision established the extent of the Exclusive Economic Zone of the French territory of Saint Pierre and Miquelon.
In 1972, Canada and France signed a treaty that delimited the territorial maritime boundary between Canada and the French territory of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. However, the maritime boundaries beyond the territorial sea (including extent of the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) of both countries) continued to be disputed. The extent of each country's EEZ was significant because it would determine where the countries had an exclusive right to fish. Years of failed negotiations led Canada and France to agree in March 1989 to establish an ad hoc arbitral tribunal that would resolve the dispute.
The arbitral tribunal was composed of five arbitrators—three neutral parties and one representative from each country. The neutral arbitrators were Eduardo Jiménez de Aréchaga of Uruguay (president), Gaetano Arangio-Ruiz of Italy, and Oscar Schachter of the United States. Canada's representative was Allan Gotlieb and France's was Prosper Weil.
The arbitral tribunal issued its decision and award on 10 June 1992. It was a 3–2 decision, with the representatives of both Canada and France dissenting from the decision. The zone that was awarded to France was unusual and in two parts: first, the boundary was set at an equidistant line between the French islands and the Canadian island of Newfoundland. Added to this was a 24 nautical mile bulge on the west of the islands. Lastly, a long north–south 188-nautical-mile (348 km) corridor south of the islands was awarded to France, presumably to allow France access to its EEZ from international waters without having to pass through the Canadian EEZ. The corridor is narrow, being approximately 10½ nautical miles wide. The shape of the award has been likened to a keyhole, a mushroom, and a baguette.
The award was approximately 18% of the territory that France had initially been claiming.
Since the 1992 award, the decision has been criticised by both Canadian and French commentators as well as neutral observers, noting that a straightforward application of the Convention on the Law of the Sea would extend Canada's EEZ beyond the limits of the French corridor, a circumstance that was not intended by the arbitral tribunal. Indeed, in 1996, Canada unilaterally extended its EEZ using Sable Island as a base point, meaning that the French EEZ became entirely enveloped within Canada's EEZ.
Seine-Maritime

Seine-Maritime (French pronunciation: [sɛn maʁitim] ) is a department of France in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the northern coast of France, at the mouth of the Seine, and includes the cities of Rouen and Le Havre. Until 1955 it was named Seine-Inférieure. It had a population of 1,255,633 in 2019.
In 1955, the department's name was officially changed to Seine-Maritime.
The department can be split into three main areas:
The département was created in 1790 as Seine-Inférieure, one of five departements that replaced the former province of Normandy. In 1800 five arrondissements were created within the département, namely Rouen, Le Havre, Dieppe, Neufchatel and Yvetot, although the latter two were disbanded in 1926. On 18 January 1955 the name of the département was changed to Seine-Maritime, in order to provide a more positive-sounding name and in-keeping with changes made in a number of other French departements.
The most populous commune is Le Havre; the prefecture Rouen is the second-most populous. As of 2019, there are 7 communes with more than 20,000 inhabitants:
Previously lacking a demonym, the inhabitants of Seine-Maritime (as the department had been renamed in 1955) chose, following a public consultation, to be identified in official documents as "Seinomarins" (males) and "Seinomarines" (females).
The president of the Departmental Council is Bertrand Bellanger, elected in 2019.
In 1843 the railway from Paris reached the region. The département is connected to the adjacent Eure department via the Tancarville and Pont de Normandie bridge crossings of the Seine.
Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert is set in Seine Maritime.
The novel La Place by Annie Ernaux largely takes place in Seine-Maritime and describes events and changes that take place in relation to French society in the 20th century especially in relation to the rural population.
The first story of the long-running series Valérian and Laureline is set in Seine-Maritime, with the character Laureline originating from the area.
Cauchois is the dialect of the Pays de Caux, and is one of the most vibrant forms of the Norman language beyond Cotentinais.
Tony Castro

Tony Castro (full name Antonio Maria de Lancastre de Mello e Castro), Conde das Antas, Conde da Lousa, Visconde de Pernes, born 1952, is a British yacht designer, known for numerous winning designs. Born in Lisbon, Portugal, he has been designing sailing and motor yachts since about 1980, with more than 10,000 boats launched, ranging from custom boats and one-design production models to superyachts. His design firm is based in Hamble-le-Rice, England.
As a Chartered Engineer, his first job came about when it was discovered that Denis Doyle's yacht Moonduster was floating above her 'marks', having been built less heavily than had been intended her designer, Germán Frers. Castro advised that lead be attached to the underside of the coachroof and had a hole drilled in the keel to reduce her stability, which gave the vessel an exceptionally good handicap for a boat of her size. Moonduster held the Round Ireland monohull record from Wicklow to Wicklow for nearly 15 years until the record was broken by a Whitbread around the World yacht. Her fastest elapsed time for the race came in 1984, when she took only 88h, 15m and 43s to complete the course.
After leaving Ron Holland’s design team in 1980, Castro's first significant racing yacht design was Justine III, for Frank Woods of the National Yacht Club in Ireland. She was the first and only yacht to win the One Ton Cup with five straight first place victories. The same owner then built Justine IV, which was crowned best Offshore Admiral's Cupper in 1983.
Then followed Iztanother Purla, a 43 footer which missed being chosen for the British Admiral's Cup Team, but then went on to win all 7 races in Cowes Week, beating all the Admiral's Cuppers, helmed by the late Sir Peter Blake and his NZ crew from Steinlager. A boat full of innovative ideas, including praddle steering, a method of steering using a vertical arm rising from below the cockpit floor.
Later successes included the two-time Quarter-Ton Cup winner McDonald's, the Half Ton Cup winner Balthazar, and the 6mR World Championship and Coupe de France winner Thisbe.
He was appointed by a member of Royal Cork Yacht Club to redesign the J24, with the aim of producing an exciting sports boat. The client expected a bigger mainsail, a new deck moulding and an effective keel to give greater stability. The result was the 1720 sportsboat. A new era in Sportsboat racing had started: the boats were built in County Kerry, and about 100 were built starting with sail number 1720.
Castro's designers work with many boatyards internationally, including the Royal Huisman, Jongert, Palmer Johnson, Neptunus, CS Yachts, Laser, and Jeanneau, Beneteau, Galeon, Focus, Williams, etc.
His designs have won Yacht of the Year awards, a Superyacht Design award and several World championships. He has also designed yachts for use in television drama productions by the BBC.
Castro's boat designs are:
List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea

Throughout history, people have mysteriously disappeared at sea. The following is a list of known individuals who have mysteriously vanished in open waters, and whose whereabouts remain unknown. In most ocean deaths, bodies are never recovered, but this fact alone does not make their disappearance mysterious. For example, the victims of the RMS Titanic disaster are not considered to have disappeared mysteriously at sea.
Below is a list of people who were found, dead or alive, or their fate became known, after disappearing mysteriously at sea.
Mike Golding

Mike Golding (born 27 August 1960) is an English yachtsman, born in Great Yarmouth and educated at Reading Blue Coat School. He is one of the few yachtsmen to have raced round the world non-stop in both directions. He held the solo record for sailing round the world westabout (the most challenging direction for circumnavigation) between 1994 and 2000.
Golding, who was named president of London's Little Ship Club in 2017 and is a member of Royal Southampton Yacht Club, is the eponymous co-founder of the commercial company Mike Golding Yacht Racing Ltd. His partner in this venture was Jorgen Philip-Sorensen (d. 2010).
Golding led the team Group 4 to second place in the British Steel Challenge in 1992–3. He did one better in the next edition the BT Global Challenge 1996–7, taking first place with a new team of amateur sailors, again onboard Group 4.
Golding came seventh in the 2000–2001 Vendée Globe solo, non stop, round the world race having lost seven days to the dismasting of his Open 60, again called Group 4. His present Open 60 campaign is sponsored by Ecover, a Belgian ecological cleaning products company which has sponsored his team since 2001. In 2004, he won the IMOCA World Championship and successfully defended his title the following year, in which he also won the 2005 FICO World Championship. In the 2004 Vendée Globe, Golding finished third despite losing his keel — an accident which had caused boats in previous Vendée Globe races to overturn — on the last day of the race. He sailed the last fifty miles with a tiny sailplan to keep the boat upright.
In October 2006, he started the Velux 5 Oceans yacht race. He rescued fellow sailor Alex Thomson in the Southern Ocean, then the yacht Ecover had a mast failure with them both aboard. He announced he was retiring from the race on making emergency landfall in Cape Town.
In March 2007 Golding announced a technical partnership with fellow British sailor Dee Caffari to allow both the UK entries in the Vendée Globe 2008–9 round the world yacht race to work together.
Golding skippered the Ecover Sailing Team in the 2009 iShares cup, a selection of races all over Europe, sailing catamarans in fast, competitive races against world-leaders in this sport. The races took place in Venice, Hyères, Cowes, Kiel, Amsterdam and Almeria.
With four races to go in the iShares cup event in Cowes Week (Isle of Wight), Golding's team's dagger board broke but the team still completed the last four races and finished second in the last race.
Golding lives with his wife and son in Warsash, Hampshire, near Southampton.
Muzica populară românească

Muzica populară românească reprezintă un gen muzical distinct, situat între folclorul muzical și muzica de consum, orientată pe direcția comercială (mainstream). Termenul se opune muzicii tradiționale, văzută de Grigore Leșe ca fiind baza pe care se constituie muzica populară, însă de o vechime mai mare și mai puțin supusă influențelor pasagere, comerciale.
DN12A

DN12A este un drum național secundar din România, care leagă Miercurea Ciuc de Onești, trecând Carpații Orientali (Munții Ciucului și Munții Tarcău) pe valea Trotușului.
Drumul a fost reabilitat cu un covor asfaltic peste dalele de beton vechi în anul 2017-2018 pe segmentul Comănești–Ghimeș. La Comănești, o ramificație de 500 m lungime, etichetată DN12D, ocolește centrul orașului.
Costumul național erzian

Portul (costumul) național erzian este format din două piese. Bluza erziană este confecționată din două pânze, pliate. În mijloc, la sutura centrală, este lăsată o cusătura pentru a decupa gulerul. În cusăturile laterale de pe partea superioară a mânecii, în unghi drept, sunt cusute manșoane.
În secolul al XIX-lea, gulerul era de obicei fixat de două fibule syulgamo, dintre care una nu avea niciun ornament. Elementele complexe ale centurii au jucat o importanță deosebită în costumele lor. Peste cămașă se poartă o bată specifică numită pulay. Ca semn al pubescenței, fetele încep să poarte acest pulai la vârsta de 13-14 ani și apoi rămâne ca accesoriu feminin până la moarte. Erziana nu putea să apară în societatea bărbaților fără să poarte un pulai. În funcție de loc, avea o formă diferită: pătrat, trapeziform sau ca o centură cu margine magnifică.
Pulaiul festiv era decorat cu scoici, lanțuri, nasturi din alamă, insigne, mărgele colorate și de-a lungul marginii lână lungă, neagră, roșie, verde sau albastră, cu ciucuri pe fiecare parte. Ca rezultat, greutatea unui astfel de pulai ajungea până la 6 kilograme. Decorarea taliei cu pulai era de două tipuri. Partea dreaptă a cârpei a fost decorată cu broderie. Apoi, aproape de genunchi, era un franjur mare din lână, de obicei neagră, dar, de sărbători, putea fi din lână roșie sau verde. Lana era decorată cu lanțuguri de alamă și pe fiecare parte erau atașate de șiraguri de mărgele.
Un lucru tipic pentru costumul erzian era o pânză peste haine - ruția. Era un accesoriu de îmbrăcăminte al femeilor căsătorite și avea variante pentru situații diferite de viață și ritualuri. Peste cămașă sau peste ruția purtau șorțuri - kelga pația. Era legat peste abdomen pentru a închide tivul cămășii. În podoabele complexe, care cuprindeau mai multe rânduri de coliere, în special coliere rotunde originale întinse pe o bază solidă, acoperite cu o pânză brodată cu rânduri de margele, bumbi și lănțișoare. Toate acestea se potrivesc perfect cu broderia masivă ruția. Calitatea îmbrăcămintei era definită de tipul de broderie. Broderia erziană era caracterizată printr-o textură frumoasă, în relief.
Totuși, ornamentul era destul de simplu: romburi, cruci și polilinii. Decorând hainele, femeile aleg cele mai bune modele - sermat. În vechime, ele erau simbolurile apartenenței familiale. Femeia erziană este înzestrată în mod natural cu simțul proporției. Intuitiv, fără cunoștințe de proiectare și modelare a hainelor, ea coase adevărate capodopere. Dungile verticale roșii și negre pe o pânză albă sunt pline de noblețe. O centură largă, un pulai cu fire lungi negre accentuate pe șolduri, le face pe femei mai suple. Podoabele detașabile sunt adăugate obligatoriu la haine. De exemplu, coliere cu diferite lungimi și din diferite materiale, coliere cu mărgele, fibule syulgamo, insigne și clopoței.
Biserica de lemn din Valea Groșilor

Biserica de lemn din Valea Groșilor, comuna Vad, județul Cluj, era construită spre sfârșitul secolului XVIII. Avea hramul „Sfinții Arhangheli Mihail și Gavriil”. Biserica a fost demolată în anul 1979, an în care a fost terminată noua biserică a satului.
Biserica fusese construită, potrivit inscripției de pe prestol, în anul 1791. Avea pereții tencuiți, planul rectangular, cu altarul poligonal decroșat. Turnul prismatic de deasupra pronaosului era înzestrat cu galerie deschisă, cu câte două arcade semicirculare pe fiecare latură. Coiful octogonal pornea de pe o bază pătrată. În patrimoniul bisericii existau două icoane pe lemn, pictate la 1722 de Vasile Zugravul din Sânmihaiu Almașului: Arhanghelul Mihail și Maica Domnului cu Pruncul. Pe dosul acestor icoane se puteau desluși inscripții cu caractere chirilice. Pe icoana Arhanghelul Mihail scrie: „astă icoană a(u) făcută Va(sile) Zugravul...Ion Ale(xandru) Toader Mi(hai)...noi să le fie pomană în veci leat 1722. Icoana a fost parțial repictată la 1791, după cum reiese dintr-o inscripție de pe spatele panoului: „Această icoană au plătit Bote Vasilică, Bote Toader, Bote Tifor, Bote Todor. Bote Lup Zugravul au înfru...țoșat 1791.” Pe icoana Maria cu Pruncul, zugravul a scris: „Ghilipa Filip Vasile, Ghilipa Macovei iastă icuna este făcută de mâna loi Vasile Zugravul...să hie pomană...veci anno...leat 1722.
Kebaya

Kebaya este o bluză tradițională, care este purtată de femei în Indonezia, Malaezia și Singapore pentru ocazii oficiale. Pe lângă acesta se poartă un cain sau un sarong, acesta din urmă este de fapt o fustă pentru bărbați.
În prezent, există, de asemenea, Kebaya moderne, purtate la fuste scurte, pantaloni scurți sau blugi. A nu se confunda cu Sarong kebaya, o uniformă pentru Singapore Airlines (fostul Malayan Airways Limited), proiectat de către designerul francez Pierre Balmain.
Portul tradițional lipovenesc

Portul tradițional lipovenesc este încă de foarte mult timp purtat de către lipoveni. La biserică, femeile măritate poartă în cap o chichiță, iar toți oamenii (inclusiv și copii) poartă un batic floral, o bluză simplă, o fustă florală și un pois (un fel de curea, cingătoare). Barbații poartă pantaloni lungi, o cămașă și pois.
Sari (articol de îmbrăcăminte)

Sari (Hindi, f., साड़ी, sāṛī, engleză și saree) este o îmbrăcăminte indiană pentru femei. Sariul este un exemplu pentru o îmbrăcăminte tradițională (costum popular), care în India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal și, de asemenea, în unele zone din Pakistan, este încă foarte des purtat în viața de zi cu zi. În Pakistan, sariul este purtat în principal pentru ocazii speciale, cum ar fi nunți, sau alte sărbători, care sunt comune în India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh și Nepal.
Sariul este compus din cinci până la șase metri (în cazuri extreme până la nouă metri) de pânză lungă necusută, dreptunghiulară, având, de multe ori, la un capăt o bordură lată accesorizată de o culoare diferită. Acest material poate fi în general împărțit în trei zone, Paluv (dar și Pallu), piesa pe umăr, care este cea mai decorativă, a doua parte este corpul sariului, pus în aplicare atât în mod simplu cât și cu foarte bogat decor, iar a treia este banda finală. Sub sariu se poartă o jupă lungă. Pe partea superioară a corpului, se poartă de obicei o bluză fixă scurtă, numită Choli (f., चोली, colī), care se încheie în față cu nasturi.
În mod tradițional, sariul este confecționat din bumbac, deoarece această țesătură este relativ ieftină și ușor de realizat. De asemenea, sariul este fabricat din mătase, a cărui confecționare este mult mai complicată și mai scumpă. Prin costul ridicat al materialelor, sariul din mătase este purtat în principal de femei din clasa de mijloc și clasa superioară, în timp ce pentru clasa de jos, aceasta este doar pentru ocazii speciale, cum ar fi nunți și alte sărbători. Sari este adesea azi confecționat prin producția de serie dintr-un amestec de material sintetic de poliester și bumbac sau mătase.
Există multe variante de a purta un sari. le diferă de la cultură la cultură, astfel încât originea purtătoarei să se poată recunoaște. În Gujarat, de exemplu, sfârșitul sariului nu se prinde în spate, ci în față. Există, de asemenea, modele care pot fi modificate în timp.
De obicei femeile căsătorite poartă sariuri, fetele necăsătorite poartă un costum numit Salwar Kameez. Culorile și modelele acestuia sunt variate de la o regiune la alta. Sariurile, culorile și modelele acestora reflectă personalitatea fiecărei femei. Unele culori ale sariurilor au unele semnificații: Albul are semnificație diferită în regiunile Indiei: de doliu sau o culoare oarecare. Roșul este purtat la nuntă și se spune că aduce noroc în căsnicie. Galbenul este purtat de femeile care au nou-născuți timp de 7 zile. Negrul este evitat deoarece se crede că aduce ghinion.