davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Coccoloba gigantifolia

Coccoloba gigantifolia is a species of flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae. It is endemic to the Madeira River Basin in the states of Amazonas and Rondônia in the central and southwestern Brazilian Amazon. This species resembles that of Coccoloba mollis but differs in that it has much larger leaves in its fertile branches.
Coccoloba gigantifolia is a tree which grows to about 49 feet (15 meters) in height and has leaves that can reach 8 feet (2.4 meters) in length, and 4 ft 7 in (1.40 meters) in width, the third largest known leaf among dicotyledonous plants after Gunnera manicata and Victoria boliviana. The petiole is only about four inches (10 cm) in length and one inch (2.5 cm) thick. In addition to the large leaves, it can be distinguished from its congeners by the species' straight trunk, rarely over three inches (7.6 cm) thick, with transverse rings, articulated petiole inserted in the ochrea at the base of its leaves, its general pubescence, and the presence of a hollow medulla in the branches. The huge leaves form a rosette at the top of the main trunk and each of the few branches. This tree does not appear to have an indigenous name.
The plant was first observed by botanists in the Canumã River, a tributary of Madeira River, during an expedition in 1982, but no specimen was collected due to lack of fertile parts. Again in 1986, an expedition led by the botanist Juan Revilla found and made a photographic record of a very large-leaved but sterile Coccoloba individual near Porto Velho city, in the state of Rondônia; again no herbarium specimen was collected. Between 1989 and 1993, some 14 individuals were found in several expeditions in Jamari National Forest Reserve; some large leaves were collected even though the specimens were sterile. Individuals of large-leaved Coccoloba were again photographed by Silvestre Silva in 1995 at a vicinal road connecting the city of Autazes to the left bank of the Madeira River, about 110 km southeast of Manaus. Finally, an August 2005 expedition in another area in the vicinity of Jamari Forest Reserve led to the collection of fertile samples of inflorescences along with fallen mature fruits and seeds beneath one individual tree.
The specific epithet gigantifolia is in reference to the species unusual leaf proportion.
Sakuya Konohana Kan

The Sakuya Konohana Kan (咲くやこの花館) is a botanical garden set within one of the world's largest greenhouses, located in Tsurumi Ryokuchi park at 2-163 Ryokuchi Koen, Tsurumi-ku, Osaka, Japan. It is open daily except Mondays; an admission fee is charged.
The gardens were constructed between 1987 and 1989, and currently contain about 15,000 plants representing 2,600 species from various climatic zones. Total floor space is about 6,900 m² with a maximum height of 30 meters. The conservatory is divided into a number of cool and hot houses as follows:
The greenhouse's name is taken from the phrase Sakuya Konohana (咲くやこの花), the beginning of a poem collected in the Kokin Wakashū anthology edited in 905 at Emperor Daigo's order. It means "Now is the time for the blossoms to bloom in Osaka".
34°42′36″N 135°34′25″E﻿ / ﻿34.71000°N 135.57361°E﻿ / 34.71000; 135.57361
Cyclocephala castanea

Cyclocephala castanea is a species of small beetle in the family Scarabaeidae which is native to the Amazon basin in South America. This beetle and certain others in the same genus have a commensal relationship with the large water lily Victoria amazonica. Visiting the flower for food, the beetles are trapped inside and emerge laden with pollen the following evening.
Cyclocephala castanea, and the closely related Cyclocephala hardyi, have co-evolved with the giant water lily Victoria amazonica, found in shallow waters in the Amazon basin. The flowers are nocturnal and float on the surface of the water. They are creamy-white and have a strong fragrance when they first open. The beetles are attracted to the flowers which have a high temperature, up to 10 °C (18 °F) warmer than their surroundings, and which contain starch-rich appendages called paracarpels. At the end of the night the flowers close and the beetles are trapped by the petals. When the flowers reopen the next night, they are pinkish-red or purple, no longer warmer than their surroundings, the fragrance has gone, and the stigmas are no longer receptive. However, the stamens are loaded with pollen and the beetles, well-dusted with pollen, fly off to find other, white flowers which are more attractive to them, and which they will pollinate. The plant benefits from this arrangement because it avoids self-fertilisation, each plant unfurling a new flower every alternate evening. The beetles also benefit; they have a period to feast on the specialised food tissues provided for them by the plant, and plenty of time in close proximity with one another for mating.
Another water lily, Nymphaea rudgeana, is similarly pollinated by C. castanea. Additionally, there have been reports of Cyclocephala castanea beetles visiting Nymphaea glandulifera flowers in Surinam.
ባሊ

ባሊ ጎድጎድ ብሎ ከሌሎች ማሽኖች ጋር በመያያዝ ስራ ለመስራት የሚያስችል መሳሪያ ነው። እዚህ ላይ ባሊ እንደ ማሽን እንጂ እንደ ቤት እቃ አይደለም። ስለሆነም እንዲህ አይነቶቹ ባሊወች ለማዕድን ቁፋሮና ውሃ ለማውጫ ያገለግላሉ።
Lemi National Cement Factory

Lemi National Cement Factory is a cement factory in Lemi Building Materials Industrial Park, about 150 km north of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Inaugurated on 28 September 2024, it is the largest cement factory in Ethiopia with a production capacity of 150,000 quintals (15,000 tonnes). It was built by a joint venture of the West International Holding, the African arm of West China Cement, in partnership with East African Holding Company with $600 million cost.
Lemi National Cement Factory was inaugurated by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed with other high-ranking officials on 28 September 2024. In November 2023, the factory reported of 70% completion. It is the largest cement factory in Ethiopia with production capacity of 150,000 quintals (15,000 tonnes). Built by the West International Holding, the African arm of West China Cement, in partnership with East African Holding Company, the factory achieved major milestone in the Ethiopian manufacturing sector with joint venture of $2.2 million.
Lemi National Cement reportedly costed about $600 million, located in Lemi Building Materials Industrial Park, about 150 km north of Addis Ababa. Speaking on the inauguration, Abiy highlighted "as we inaugurate, with a production capacity of 150,000 quintals per day, this mega project stands as a testament to our government’s commitment to building fast, building big, and building clean".
Fulton Houses

The Robert Fulton Houses is a housing project located in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, owned and operated by the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA). The 6.27-acre (2.54 ha) site is located between West 16th and 19th Streets and bound by Ninth and Tenth Avenues. The project consists of 945 apartments in eleven buildings; three of the developments are 25 stories, while the others are 6 stories high.
The Robert Fulton Houses were designed by architects Brown & Guenther and were developed as a "vest pocket" site that retains the street grid. The groundbreaking ceremony was held on October 15, 1962 and the buildings were completed on March 31, 1965. Its confines are within the 10th Police Precinct.
The housing project is named after engineer and inventor Robert Fulton (1765-1815).
Due to financial needs of the NYCHA, the de Blasio administration began putting plans together to begin working with private developers in 2019. Fulton Houses is located in a rapidly gentrifying neighborhood where median asking rent is $3,462. The plan proposed by the city includes demolishing and rebuilding two buildings and a parking garage in the housing project and replacing them with three larger buildings that 70 percent would be market-rate, and 30 percent would be “affordable enough” for current residents; and to turn over management to a private developer. Residents of the project do not have any input in land-use decisions, and residents are organizing in opposition noting that previous conversions of public housing came with a 57 percent rent increase. Average monthly rent for residents is $660.
Development firms Related Companies and Essence Development proposed rebuilding the Fulton Houses and the nearby Chelsea-Elliott Houses in early 2023. In a survey in June 2023, residents of the Chelsea-Elliott Houses and Fulton Houses voted in favor of demolishing the existing towers and constructing a 3,500-unit apartment complex on the same site. At the time, NYCHA officials estimated that the complexes needed about $1 billion in repairs and that it would cost about as much to build new complexes on the site. PAU, COOKFOX Architects, and ILA were hired in early 2024 to design the Fulton Elliott-Chelsea Plan, which would involve converting 2,056 NYCHA apartments into mixed-income units. Under the plan, six new towers would be built on the two sites before the existing buildings were demolished. NYCHA's board approved the redevelopment of the Fulton Houses and Elliot-Chelsea Houses in November 2024.
CLG Chontae Loch Garman

Tá Loch Garman ar cheann den líon beag contaetha a bhfuil craobhchomórtas iománaíochta sinsearach agus craobhchomórtas peile sinsearach araon buaite acu.
Bhí Loch Garman ar cheann de na foirne peile is fearr i stair an CLG i 1910, bhuaigh siad 6 gcraobhcomortais agus 4 uile-eireann. Bhí rath peileála deiridh Loch Garman ag baint le craobhchomórtas Laighean i 1945. Tar éis sin, bhí Iomána níos tábhachtaí i Loch Garman.
Rinneadh iomána i Loch Garman ó na haois mheánaoiseanna. Tá go leor leasainmneacha i Loch Garman, lena n-áirítear 'an contae modúlach' agus 'the yellow-bellies'. Bhí rath iománaíochta is déanaí Loch Garman i gcraobhchomórtas Laighean i 2004, nuair a bhuail siad Uíbh Fhailí. Ghlac Davy Fitzgerald mar bhainisteoir dá bhfoireann agus rinne sé dul chun cinn mór ag teacht ar chraobhchomórtas iománaíochta Laighean i 2017 nuair a bhí siad i nGaillimh. Ghlac sé mar bhainisteoir tar éis d'fhág Liam Dunne. Bhí cuid mhór ag Liam Dunne i rath iománaíochta Loch Garman le déanaí
1893, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918
1910, 1955, 1956, 1960, 1968, 1996
Loch Laomainn

Is loch suite in Earra-Ghàidheal agus Bòd na hAlban é Loch Laomainn.
Tá sé timpeall 23 km ó thuaidh ó Ghlaschú. Is é Loch Laomainn an loch is mó in Albain. Tá thart ar 60 oileán beag ann.
Tá sé 39 km ar fad agus idir 1.21 km agus 8.0 km ar leithead. Tá sé timpeall 37 m ar doimhneacht agus 190 m ag an bpointe is doimhne. Is iad seo comhordanáidí an locha: 56° 5′ 0″ Thuaidh agus 4° 34′ 0″ Thiar.
Is cuid de Loch Laomainn agus de Phàirc Nàiseanta Loch Laomainn agus nan Tròisichean é.
Is minic a fheictear Loch Laomainn san fhilíocht agus san amhránaíocht. Mar shampla: Cumadh an t-amhrán "Loch Lomond" sa bhliain 1841.
Curfá:
Ba ghnách le Runrig an t-amhrán a sheinm ag deireadh a gceolchoirmeacha agus iad ag seinnt ar bhruach an locha..
Thomas Antisell

Ceimicí, geolaí is lia a rugadh i mBaile Átha Cliath ab ea Thomas Antisell (16 Eanáir 1817 – 14 Meitheamh 1893). Comhoibrí le Robert Kane agus príomhcheimicí i Músaem Tionsclaíochta na hÉireann. I 1845 d'fhoilsigh sé téacsleabhar ar cheimic na talmhaíochta, in Éirinn go háirithe, agus i 1846 d'fhoilsigh Irish Geology (Geolaíocht na hÉireann).
Ball de na hÉireannaigh Óga, agus theith sé go Nua-Eabhrac i 1848 mar gheall ar an ngéarleanúint ar an ngluaiseacht.
Chleacht sé an mhíochaine is an cheimic ansin go dtí 1854 nuair a fuair post mar gheolaí i bhfeachtas suirbhéireachta don iarnród in Arizona is California ag trasnú sléibhte an Sierra Nevada.
Chaith sé blianta ina dhiaidh sin mar phríomhcheimicí in oifig na bpaitinní, agus le linn Chogadh Cathartha Mheiriceá bhí ina mháinlia sinsearach i gcór míochaine arm an Aontais.
I ndiaidh an chogaidh cheangail sé leis an Roinn Talmhaíochta mar cheimicí. 1871-1877, ina chomhairleoir do choimisiún ón Roinn Talmhaíochta chun na Seapáine chun cabhrú leis an tír sin fadhbanna talmhaíochta a réiteach. D'fhill sé ar oifig na bpaitinní gur éirigh as i 1891.
George Barnett (staraí)

Staraí, béaloideasaí, file, luibheolaí agus seandálaí Éireannach ab ea George "Geordie" Barnett (11 Feabhra 1876 – 10 Aibreán 1965). Rugadh Barnett in Abhainn Riabhach, na Sé Bhaile, Baile na Croise, Contae Dhoire, i dTuaisceart Éireann. Gí nach raibh aon mhúinteoir aige ach é féin d'éirigh leis eolas ollmhór ar shléibhte na Speiríní a bhaint amach as a stuaim féin, ag síor-staidéar, breathnóireacht agus tastáil. D'aimsigh sé a lán láithreán ón réamhstair, ach thar aon ní eile, tá aithne air as liagchiorcail na Beithí Móire a aimsiú. D'fhorbair sé teoiric gur fheidhmigh an láithreán mar réadlann ghealaí. Scríobh sé dán a chuir an teoiric seo os comhair an tsaoil, mar atá, The Beaghmore Stone Circles.
Bhí idir aithne agus meas ag lucht na n-ollscoileanna ar Barnett de bharr an méid eolais a bhí aige ar a cheantar dúchais agus ar na Speiríní. Bhí sé páirteach i saothar taiscéalaíochta agus tochailte go minic, agus aithnítear é sna scríbhinní acadúla. Aige seo síos a scríobh an tOllamh E. E. Evans, chéad ollamh le tíreolaíocht in Éirinn, faoi Barnett ar ócáid a bháis:
Ina bhaile dúchais a fuair Barnett bás. Tá sé curtha sa reilig in aice eaglais St. Anne.
Eblana

Ainm lonnaíochta ársa in nÉirinn is ea Eblana (Έβλανα) luaite le Tolamaes ina shaothar, Geografaíocht, den dara haois AD.. Bhí mac ar leith idir é agus an dream, na hEblani.
Creidtí go traidisiúnta gurbh ionann an suíomh agus Baile Átha Cliath. Mar shampla, dúirt an scríbhneoir den 19ú haois writer Louis Agassiz Eblana agus Ath Cliath i gceist aige. De réir táirge a rinneadh le gairid ámh, favours sráidbhaile cois farraige i dtuaisceart an chontae, Loch Sionnaigh. Níl fianaise chríochnúil le fáil áfach maidir le suíomh Eblana, agus mar sin tá an t-ábhar á phlé.
Más fíor é gurb é Eblana an tagairt is luaite do Bhaile Átha Cliath, bheadh ceart-éilimh aige ar dhá mhíle bliain ársaíochta, óir gurbh ar éigean go raibh lonnaíocht ann i bhfad roimh Tholamaes féin.
Chreid luath-ársaitheoirí Éireannacha, amhail is Sir John Ware agus Walter Harris, gur thruailliú é Eblana sa Geografaíocht ar Deblana, é féin leagan den ainm Dubh Linn. Más fíor, tá samplaí eile ann inar ghiorraigh Tolamaes chéadfocail de logainmneacha: in ionad Pepiacum agus Pepidii (sa Bhreatain Bheag), scríobh Tolamaes Epiacum agus Epidii faoi seach; agus le haghaidh Dulcinium (Ulcinj i Montainéagró anois), scríobh sé has Ulcinium.
Tá roinnt mhaith deacrachtaí leis an smaoineamh seo, ámh:
Is léir mar sin go raibh Eblana suite áit éigin idir an Bóinn agus an Life.
Le linn ré Tholamaes, bhí dhá shuíomh shuntasacha i dtuaisceart Chontae Bhaile Átha Cliath ina raibh gníomhaíocht gheilleagrach ar siúl.
Bhí ceann amháin acu an Inbhear na hAilbhine, áit a raibh dhá thuama ann, sofheicthe ón fharraige leis na mílte bliain. Mar a thugtar fé ndeara thuas, is minic é a bhádh Tolamaes an chéad litir de logainmneacha agus is féidir aistriú fónach ó "Ebhlana" go "Delvin" a shamhlú (i dteannta le meititéis).
Fuarthas suíomh eile gníomhaíochta timpeall dúin ar leithinis Droma Mheánaigh, taobh ó dheas de Loch Sionnaigh. Is dócha gur stáisiún trádála é, agus b'fhéidir gur ghlac Agricola é mar cheann droichid le haghaidh ionraidh Rómhánaigh a d'fhéadfadh bhí i gceist.
Lough Dan

Lough Dan (Irish: Loch Deán) is a scenic boomerang-shaped ribbon lake largely set on private property, in the Wicklow Mountains in Ireland. Lough Dan lake lies at the base of Luggala 595 metres (1,952 ft) and Knocknacloghoge 534 metres (1,752 ft) mountains. The lough is fed by the Cloghoge (draining Lough Tay), and Inchavore rivers, and is drained by the River Avonmore. Part of Lough Dan forms part of the Guinness Estate at Luggala, and has limited public access.
The Inchavore river flows into Lough Dan from the north-west. An outflow from Lough Tay – the Cloghoge river – feeds it from the north-east. It is drained to the south by the River Avonmore. Most of the lake is surrounded by private lands, though the north-western corner is part of the Wicklow National Park.
The Scouting Ireland S.A.I. national campsite, now one of several belonging to Scouting Ireland, lies beside the lake. In 1997, Lough Dan was the site of an Irish Scouting jamboree, Lough Dan '97, at the S.A.I. national campsite, co-organised by the Federation of Irish Scouts Associations. The Jamboree was abandoned on the Thursday due to inclement weather and flooding.
Some of the exterior scenes of 2009 Irish post-apocalyptic film One Hundred Mornings were filmed around the lake.
Paul Henry (painter)

Paul Henry (11 April 1876 – 24 August 1958) was an Irish artist noted for depicting the West of Ireland landscape in a spare Post-Impressionist style.
Henry was born at 61 University Road, Belfast, Ireland, the son of the Rev Robert Mitchell Henry, a Baptist minister (who later joined the Plymouth Brethren), and Kate Ann Berry.
Henry began studying at Methodist College Belfast in 1882 where he first began drawing regularly. At the age of fifteen he moved to the Royal Belfast Academical Institution. He studied art at the Belfast School of Art before going to Paris in 1898 to study at the Académie Julian and at Whistler's Académie Carmen.
He married the painter Grace Henry in 1903 and returned to Ireland in 1910. From then until 1919 he lived on Achill Island, where he learned to capture the peculiar interplay of light and landscape specific to the West of Ireland. In 1919 he moved to Dublin and in 1920, he was one of the founders of the Society of Dublin Painters, originally a group of ten artists. Henry designed several railway posters, some of which, notably Connemara Landscape, achieved considerable sales. He separated from his wife in 1929. His second wife was the artist Mabel Young.
In the 1920s and 1930s, Henry was Ireland's most renowned artist, significantly shaping the popular image of the west of Ireland. Although he appears to have stopped experimenting with his technique after leaving Achill, and his range is limited, he produced a substantial body of fine images whose familiarity attests to their influence.
Henry's use of colour was affected by his red-green colour blindness. He lost his sight during 1945 and did not regain his vision before his death.
A commemorative exhibition of Henry's work was held at Trinity College, Dublin, in 1973 and the National Gallery of Ireland held a major exhibition of his work in 2004.
A painting by Henry was featured on an episode of the BBC's Antiques Roadshow, broadcast on 12 November 2006. The painting was given a value of approximately £40,000–60,000 by the roadshow. However, due to the buoyancy of the Irish art market at that time, it sold for €260,000 on 5 December 2006 in James Adams' and Bonhams' joint Important Irish Art sale.
He died at his home at 1 Sidmonton Square, Bray, County Wicklow, and was survived by his wife, Mabel.
Oisín (film)

Oisín (pronounced [ɔˈʃiːnʲ, ˈɔʃiːnʲ]; often incorrectly spelled Oisin) is a 1970 Irish short documentary film directed by Patrick Carey.
The short film, made by the Department of Land as a contribution to European Conservation Year 1970, shows the rhythms of Ireland's natural beauty.
At the 43rd Academy Awards, it was nominated for Best Documentary Short.
Geological Survey of Ireland

Geological Survey Ireland or Geological Survey of Ireland (Irish: Suirbhéireacht Gheolaíochta Éireann), founded in 1845, is the National Earth Science agency of Ireland.
Geological Survey Ireland is a division of the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment and is based in Booterstown in Dublin. Its multidisciplinary staff work in sections such as groundwater, bedrock mapping (consisting of bedrock and quaternary/geotechnical), information management, heritage, marine and minerals. It is responsible for providing geological advice and information, and for the acquisition of data for this purpose. Geological Survey Ireland produces maps, reports and databases, and acts as a knowledge centre and project partner in a number of aspects of Irish geology.
The organisation managed the Irish National Seabed Survey (INSS, 1999–2005), which on completion was the world's largest civilian marine mapping programme. The INSS mapped all of Ireland's waters over 200 m deep, principally in support of territorial claim, and covering over 600,000 km. Since 2006, Geological Survey Ireland has managed the successor programme INFOMAR (Integrated Mapping for the Sustainable Development of Ireland's Marine Resources), which is completing the mapping of all Irish waters. INFOMAR is funded by the Geological Survey Ireland parent department and undertaken in conjunction with the Marine Institute Ireland.
GSI and the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies operate the Irish National Seismic Network together.
Mostra Internacional de Filmes de Montanha

A Mostra Internacional de Filmes de Montanha é um festival de cinema criado em 2001, conforme concepção de Alexandre Diniz. Começou como um dos representantes do festival internacional Banff Mountain Film Festival que acontece em vários países, mostrando paisagens e histórias de aventureiros aos apaixonados por montanhas e atividades ao ar livre. Em 2013 passa a ser chamado de Rio Mountain Festival, sendo mais antigo dos festivais de cinema de montanha/aventura do Brasil. A primeira edição foi realizada no Centro Cultural dos Correios. No ano seguinte migrou para o Cine Odeon, na Cinelândia, ficando até 2017. Acontece todos os anos, no mês de outubro, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro.
A Mostra Competitiva teve como objetivo levar ao grande público as mais expressivas realizações dos filmes de montanha, expedições e aventura e difundir a produção nacional deste gênero cinematográfico. A 1ª edição da Mostra Competitiva foi realizada em 2004. A partir de 2013 passa a aceitar filmes estrangeiros, se transformando em um festival internacional com filmes do mundo inteiro na competição.
O Troféu Corcovado, prêmio dado aos vencedores da Mostra Competitiva, é uma referência ao morro do Corcovado. Localizado na zona sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a 709 metros acima do nível do mar, no Parque Nacional da Tijuca. Sua importância no Brasil e no mundo deve-se ao fato de ter a estátua do Cristo Redentor em seu topo. Em 2007 foi eleito informalmente como uma das sete maravilhas do mundo moderno.
O festival premia os filmes selecionados com o Troféu Corcovado para as seguintes categorias: Prêmio “Cidade do Rio” – melhor filme; Prêmio “Terra Brasilis” – melhor filme brasileiro; melhor filme de montanhismo ou escalada; melhor curta-metragem; melhor fotografia e prêmio do júri popular.
4ª Mostra Internacional de Filmes de Montanha (2004) - Cinquentona Gallotti, de Priscila Botto e Paulo de Barros
5ª Mostra Internacional de Filmes de Montanha (2005) - Asas - um sonho Carioca, de Sylvestre Campe
6ª Mostra Internacional de Filmes de Montanha (2006) - A Conquista – uma estória de aventura, de Gustavo Sampaio
7ª Mostra Internacional de Filmes de Montanha (2007) - Aconcágua Sin Mulas, de Paulo Marim Junior
8ª Mostra Internacional de Filmes de Montanha (2008) - Uruca (7º VIIIc E4) , de Erick Grigorovski
9ª Mostra Internacional de Filmes de Montanha (2009) - Ciclos, de Pedro Dumans
10ª Mostra Internacional de Filmes de Montanha (2010) - Dias de Tempestade, de Eliseu Frechou
11ª Mostra Internacional de Filmes de Montanha (2011) - Quanta Patagônia, de Guilherme Pahl, Luciana Melo e Marcio Cesar
12ª Mostra Internacional de Filmes de Montanha (2012) - No Ropes No Bolts, de Felipe Dallorto e Julio Blander
Rio Mountain Festival 2013 - Amigo Imaginário, de Oswaldo Baldin
Rio Mountain Festival 2014 - Between Places, de Henrik Rostrup
Rio Mountain Festival 2015 - K2 and the Invisible Footmen, de Iara Lee
Rio Mountain Festival 2016 - Não houve festival
Rio Mountain Festival 2017 - Dhaulagiri, ascenso a la montaña blanca, de Cristián Harbaruk e Guillermo Glass
Andrei Rublev

Andrei Rublev, em russo Андре́й Рублёв, (1360 ou 1370 — 1427 ou 29 de Janeiro de 1430) é considerado o maior pintor russo de ícones, afrescos e miniaturas para iluminuras. Há pouca informação sobre sua vida. A primeira menção de Rublev é em 1405, quando decorou os ícones e afrescos da Catedral da Anunciação no Kremlin em Moscou.
Na arte de Rublev duas tradições se combinam: a mais alto ascetismo e a harmonia clássica das maneiras Bizantinas. As personagens em suas pinturas são sempre calmas e pacíficas. Mais tarde, sua arte se tornou o ideal quando se fala em pintura de igrejas e arte icônica.
Rublev foi canonizado em 1988 pela Igreja Ortodoxa Russa.
Em 1966, na União Soviética, o diretor Andrei Tarkovsky dirigiu um filme sobre a vida do iconografista Andrei Rublev. A película Andrei Rublev conta com o ator russo Anatoliy Solonitsyn no papel principal, a película em preto-e-branco traz representações da Rússia durante a Idade Média, bem como os conflitos existentes na época. Tem duração de 206 minutos.
O filme participou do Festival de Cannes de 1969 e é tido como uma das melhores películas de arte pelo jornal britânico The Guardian.
Georges Serraz

Georges Serraz (Is-sur-Tille, 13 de Janeiro de 1883 — Villotte-sur-Ource, 20 de Junho de 1964) foi um escultor e pintor especializado em iconografia religiosa que se tornou conhecido pelas suas grandes estátuas de figuras do catolicismo romano, muitas delas colocadas no topo de colinas e montanhas.
Foi aluno da École des Beaux-Arts de Besançon (Escola de Belas Artes de Besançon), em Besançon, e começou a sua carreira artística como pintor de iconografia religiosa, com estúdio em Dijon, género em que ganhou nomeada. Transferiu o seu estúdio para Paris e alargou a sua actividade à estatuária religiosa, esculpindo imagens para igrejas.
Contudo, as obras em que mostrou maior talento foi na construção de estatuária religiosa monumental, como a Virgem do Sagrado Coração (Notre-Dame du Sacré-Coeur, mais conhecida pela Virgem de Miribel ou Madone de Miribel) colocada num monte em Mas-Rillier, comuna de Miribel (Lyon), com 32,6 m de altura, o conhecido Cristo Rei des Houches (Christ-Roi des Houches; 25 m de altura), em Les Houches, e o Cristo Rei da Ponta do Garajau, na ilha da Madeira.
Viveu a última parte da sua vida em Villotte-sur-Ource, em cuja igreja se encontram algumas das suas obras mais notáveis. Faleceu a 20 de Junho de 1964 e foi inumado no cemitério de Villotte.
O seu nome é lembrado na toponímia de numerosas localidade francesa, em particular da região da Bourgogne (Borgonha). Em Ardèche, há um museu (Musée Saint Régis) com uma colecção das suas pinturas.
Islam Makhachev

Islam Ramazanovich Makhachev (em russo: Ислам Рамазанович Махачев; nascido em Makhachkala, 01991-09-27 27 de setembro de 1991) é um lutador russo profissional de Sambo, e MMA. Makhachev foi diversas vezes Campeão Mundial de Sambo, e é o atual campeão mundial Peso-Leve do UFC.
Makhachev fez sua estreia no M-1 Global contra Tengiz Khuchua em 12 de Fevereiro de 2011 e ganhou a luta por nocaute no primeiro round.
Na segunda luta pela promoção, Makhachev enfrentou a invicta promessa Mansour Barnaoui, em 9 de Abril de 2013 no M-1 Challenge 38. Ele venceu a luta por decisão unânime.
Makhachev enfrentou o invicto faixa preta de Jiu Jitsu Brasileiro Rander Junio em 21 de Agosto de 2013 no M-1 Challenge 41. Ele ganhou a luta por decisão unânime.
Makhachev enfrentou o veterano do M-1 Global Yuri Ivlev em 7 de Junho de 2014 no M-1 Challenge 49. Islam dominou a luta, ele acertou Ivlev com socos antes de finalizar a luta com uma chave de braço.
Em 7 de Setembro de 2014, em sua última luta pelo M-1 Global antes de assinar com o UFC, Makhachev derrotou o veterano croata Ivica Truscek por finalização.
Em 2 de Outubro de 2014 Makhachev assinou um contrato de quatro lutas com o UFC.
Makhachev enfrentou Leo Kuntz em 23 de Maio de 2015 no UFC 187. Ele venceu a luta por finalização no segundo round.Agora Makhachev devera enfrentar Adriano Martins em 03 de Outubro de 2015 no Ufc 192.
Makhachev enfrentou Adriano Martins em 3 de Outubro de 2015 no UFC 192. Makhachev sofreu sua primeira derrota na carreira ao ser derrotado por nocaute ainda no primeiro round.
Makhachev venceu a luta pelo cinturão da divisão peso-leve em 22 de outubro de 2022 no UFC 280 após ter finalizado Charles Oliveira.
Requisitos de visto para cidadãos brasileiros

Os requisitos de visto para cidadãos brasileiros são restrições administrativas de entrada impostas por autoridades de outros estados aos cidadãos do Brasil. Em 11 de janeiro de 2024, os cidadãos brasileiros tinham acesso sem visto ou visto na chegada a 173 países e territórios, classificando o passaporte brasileiro no 17º lugar em termos de liberdade de viagem, de acordo com o Henley Passport Index.
É considerada válida como documento de viagem para quase todo o países sul-americanos.
Os estados membros do Mercosul, Argentina, Bolívia, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai, juntamente com a maioria dos outros países sul-americanos (conforme mostrado abaixo) nem sequer exigem um passaporte brasileiro; a carteira de identidade brasileira nacional ou estatal é suficiente para entrada em todos os estados membros e associados do Mercosul (com exceção da Guiana e do Suriname).
No entanto, o bilhete de identidade deve estar em bom estado, não deve ter caducado e o titular deve ser claramente reconhecível na fotografia.
Os brasileiros do Mercosul têm acesso ilimitado a qualquer um dos membros plenos (Argentina, Bolívia, Paraguai, Uruguai) e membros associados (Chile, Colômbia, Equador e Peru) com direito a residência e trabalho, sem outro requisito além da nacionalidade. Cidadãos desses nove países (incluindo o Brasil) podem solicitar a concessão de "residência temporária" por até dois anos em outro país do bloco. Em seguida, eles podem solicitar "residência permanente" pouco antes de expirar o prazo de sua "residência temporária".
Os brasileiros podem solicitar a condição de residente permanente legal na Argentina e no Uruguai a qualquer momento. Nenhum status de residente temporário anterior é necessário.
Lista de episódios de Os Cavaleiros do Zodíaco

Esta é a lista de episódios do anime Saint Seiya (Os Cavaleiros do Zodíaco). A série animada original de 1986 possui 114 episódios, e é dividida em três partes: Saga do Santuário, Saga de Asgard (exclusiva do anime) e Saga de Poseidon.
Em 2002 começou a ser lançada a continuação até então só existente no mangá, a Saga de Hades. Inicialmente foram lançados 13 OVAs que compõe a fase santuário da saga de Hades. Em 2005 se iniciou a fase Inferno, que teve mais 12 OVAs. E finalizando a Saga de Hades, em 2008 vem a fase Elísios, com mais 6 OVAs. Totalizando 31 OVAs, que se somados à série clássica inteiram 145 episódios.
Risen Christ (Michelangelo, Santa Maria sopra Minerva)

The Risen Christ, Cristo della Minerva in Italian, also known as Christ the Redeemer or Christ Carrying the Cross, is a marble sculpture by the Italy High Renaissance master Michelangelo, finished in 1521. It is in the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva in Rome, to the left of the main altar.
The work was commissioned in June 1514, by the Roman patrician Metello Vari, who stipulated only that the nude standing figure would have the Cross in his arms, but left the composition entirely to Michelangelo. Michelangelo was working on a first version of this statue in his studio in Macello dei Corvi around 1515, but abandoned it in roughed-out condition when he discovered a black vein in the white marble, remarked upon by Vari in a letter, and later by Ulisse Aldrovandi. A new version was hurriedly substituted in 1519–1520 to fulfil the terms of the contract. Michelangelo worked on it in Florence, and the move to Rome and final touches were entrusted to an apprentice, Pietro Urbano; the latter, however, damaged the work and had to be quickly replaced by Federico Frizzi at the suggestion of Sebastiano del Piombo.
The first version, rough as it was, was asked for by Metello Vari, and given him in January 1522, for the little garden courtyard of his palazzetto near Santa Maria sopra Minerva, come suo grandissimo onore, come fosse d'oro translated as "As his greatest honor, as if it were of gold", a mark of the esteem in which Michelangelo was held". There it remained, described by Aldrovandi in 1556, and noted in some contemporary letters as apparently for sale in 1607, following which it was utterly lost to sight. In 2000 Irene Baldriga recognized the lost first version, finished in the early seventeenth century, in the sacristy of the church of San Vincenzo Martire, at Bassano Romano near Viterbo; the black vein is clearly distinguishable on Christ's left cheek. It is now often called the Giustiniani Christ. The parts finished later are the "right hand, parts of the face and the back".
Despite all these problems, the second version impressed the contemporaries. Sebastiano del Piombo declared that the knees alone were worthy of more than the whole Rome, which William Wallace has called "one of the most curious praises ever sung about a work of art" Christ is shown by Michelangelo unclothed in a standing pose. Christ's sexual organs are exposed in order to show that his sexuality is uncorrupted by lust and completely controlled by his will, so that in his resurrected body he shows his triumph over both sin and death. A floating bronze loincloth was added in 1546 which shields the genitals from view.
A leg is flexed and the head turned back, according to the principle of contrapposto. Compared to the first version, the more active pose allows more varied impressions when the statue is seen from different angles, "not only activating the space around him, but also suggesting an unfolding story". The first version was exhibited in the National Gallery, London in 2017, in the same room as a cast of the second version, drawings for it, and letter relating to it.
Corcovado (song)

"Corcovado" (known in English as "Quiet Nights of Quiet Stars") is a bossa nova song and jazz standard written by Antônio Carlos Jobim in 1960. English lyrics were later written by Gene Lees. The Portuguese title refers to the Corcovado mountain in Rio de Janeiro.
Tony Bennett recorded the first popular English cover of "Quiet Nights" with new lyrics by Buddy Kaye in 1963. Numerous English cover recordings then followed sometimes credited to Lees and/or Kaye and Lees, including the Andy Williams recording of the song with English lyrics, reaching #92 in the Billboard Hot 100 and #18 in the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart in 1965. Also receiving air-play, contemporaneously with Andy Williams' recording of "Quiet Nights," was Kitty Kallen's version. Her album, titled "Quiet Nights," was released by 20th Century-Fox Records in 1964.
It is now considered a jazz standard, having been recorded by:
Corcovado Rack Railway

The Corcovado Rack Railway (Portuguese: Trem do Corcovado) is a mountain rack railway in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from Cosme Velho to the summit of Corcovado at an elevation of 710 m (2,329 ft). The summit is famous for its giant statue of Christ the Redeemer and for its views over the city and beaches.
The railway was opened by Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil on 9 October 1884. Initially hauled by steam locomotives, the line was electrified in 1910, a first in Brazil. It was re-equipped in 1980 with trains built by Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works (SLM) of Winterthur, Switzerland, and these were in turn replaced in 2019 by vehicles from SLM's successor company Stadler Rail.
The line has been ridden by many famous people, including Pope Pius XII, Pope John Paul II, Alberto Santos-Dumont, Albert Einstein and Diana, Princess of Wales.
The line is 3.824 km (2.376 mi) long and has four stations total. The termini are the historic base station in Cosme Velho and the summit of Corcovado.
The railway was built using metre gauge and the Riggenbach rack system, and has a maximum incline of 30%. It is one of the few remaining railways using three-phase electric power with two overhead wires, at 900 V 60 Hz.
Passengers ride in custom-built electric multiple units (EMU) made by Stadler. The vehicles, introduced in 2019, are capable of reaching a maximum speed of 25 km/h (16 mph), compared to the previous maximum of 15 km/h (9 mph), allowing the ascent to be made in about 15 minutes. During the descent, energy is recovered by regenerative braking, which leads to a saving of 75% of the overall power consumption.
There are three trains, each made of two cars. The trip takes approximately 20 minutes and departs every 20 minutes, giving a capacity of 540 passengers per hour. Due to this limited capacity the wait at the entry station can be several hours. As of March 2021, the line operates from 08:00 to 19:00 (8 am to 7 pm).).
Meanings of minor-planet names: 12001–13000

As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names.
Official naming citations of newly named small Solar System bodies are approved and published in a bulletin by IAU's Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature (WGSBN). Before May 2021, citations were published in MPC's Minor Planet Circulars for many decades. Recent citations can also be found on the JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB). Until his death in 2016, German astronomer Lutz D. Schmadel compiled these citations into the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (DMP) and regularly updated the collection.
Based on Paul Herget's The Names of the Minor Planets, Schmadel also researched the unclear origin of numerous asteroids, most of which had been named prior to World War II. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: SBDB New namings may only be added to this list below after official publication as the preannouncement of names is condemned. The WGSBN publishes a comprehensive guideline for the naming rules of non-cometary small Solar System bodies.
ゲームコントローラ

ゲームコントローラは、コンピュータゲーム用の入出力装置で、人間の操作する意志をハードウェアであるゲーム機やPCなどに伝える役割を持つ。
業務用ゲームでは筐体に付いたマイクロスイッチ（メカニカルスイッチ）を利用したジョイスティックを使うことが多かった。
特に家庭用ゲーム機に代表される両手で持つタイプの物は「ゲームパッド」と呼ばれる。家庭用ゲーム機ではケーブルで繋ぐものが主流であるが、2006年以降ではBluetoothによるワイヤレスコントローラが標準で用意された。携帯型ゲーム機では本体と一体となっている。
1990年代半ばからアナログスティックが搭載されている標準コントローラも現れた。標準型の他にも業務用のようなジョイスティックやボタンを備えたものなど、1つのゲーム機に様々なコントローラが対応している。使用するゲームソフトによっては専用コントローラが求められる他、利用者の好みでコントローラを選ぶこともできる。
任天堂から発売されたニンテンドーDSでは、タッチパネルなどの表示機能と操作機能を合体させた操作部分を搭載する。WiiのWiiリモコンは、テレビのリモコン状の細長い棒状のコントローラを片手に持つスタイルで、コントローラ自体の向きを変えたり動かしたりすることでゲームを操作する。また、ニンテンドー ゲームキューブとゲームボーイアドバンス、WiiとニンテンドーDSのように、据置機に接続した携帯機をコントローラとして使用することも可能である。テレビ画面とは別にプレイヤー個別の画面を表示したり、据置機と携帯機のソフトのデータを連動させるような機能も見られる。PlayStation MoveやKinectのようなカメラを使った操作では拡張現実やバーチャル・リアリティにも利用されている。
特定ジャンル用にゲームの臨場感を高めるため、ゲーム内のキャラクターになりきったプレイが可能になる専用コントローラが存在する。ガンシューティングゲームでは、ガンコントローラと呼ばれる銃型（光線銃）コントローラがファミリーコンピュータの時代から利用されていた。『電車でGO!』専用の運転席を再現したもの（列車運転シミュレーターなどの運転台型コントローラ）、『ダンスダンスレボリューション』専用のマット、パチンコならびにパチスロ用コントローラ、釣り竿型コントローラなど、古く体感ゲームが流行した時代には、またがって操作するバイク型コントローラ（バリエの『トップライダー』）も登場した。
ゲームのアクセシビリティへの取り組みも行われている。
ほとんどのコントローラは、方向入力機器または位置入力機器などと、いくつかのボタンを持つ。
出力装置としての機能を持つものもある。画面上のシーンに応じてコントローラを振動させる、あるいは乗り物の操作に対する応力を再現する機構であるフォースフィードバックがあるものが多い。NINTENDO 64のコントローラには拡張機器が接続可能で、そのひとつ振動パックによる振動は、PlayStationのDUALSHOCKのように後の多くのゲーム機で標準搭載されることとなった。Wiiのようにスピーカーを持つものやXbox 360のようにヘッドセットを装備し音声の入出力に対応したコントローラもある。
インタフェースは、ケーブルとコネクタ、赤外線通信装置などがある。基本的にコントローラは個々のゲーム機規格専用で、互換性がない（8ビットから16ビットまでのゲーム機の場合は、Atari 2600コントローラの通称「ATARI規格」互換のものが多かった）が、ゲームパッドコンバータで融通できることもある。PC用のコントローラは、2010年現在はほぼ全てUSB接続で、互換性がある。Xbox・Xbox 360のコントローラも、コネクタの形状が違うだけでUSB接続なので、多少の問題はあるがPCと互換性がある。
ゲームプレイ

ゲームプレイとは「ゲームシステムおよびゲーム内の他のプレイヤーとのプレイヤーの相互作用の構造」のことである。
しかし「ゲームプレイ」という用語は定義するのが非常にあいまいな場合があり、以下のように作成者によって定義が異なる。
このように漠然としているため、ゲームプレイを避けてゲームメカニクスのような用語が好まれる傾向がある。
ゲームプレイには3つの要素がある。ゲーム内でプレイヤーができることを定義する「操作ルール」、ゲームのゴールを定義する「ゴールルール」、そしてゲームのチューニングや変更方法を定義する「メタルール」である。コンピュータゲームでは、ゲームプレイはいくつかのタイプに分けることができる。例えば、協力プレイは、2人以上のプレイヤーがチームを組んでプレイする。他の例としては、リズムゲームや一人称視点のシューティングゲームなどで、プレイヤーの反応時間や精度をテストする「ツイッチ」ゲームプレイがある。様々なゲームプレイのタイプを以下に示す。
プレイアビリティとは、ゲームのプレイのしやすさ、またはゲームがプレイできる量や時間のことで、ゲームプレイの質を測る一般的な尺度である。プレイアビリティの評価方法は、ゲームの設計を改善することを目的としているのに対し、プレイヤー体験の評価方法は、ゲーム性を改善することを目的としている。これは、ロールプレイングゲームや対戦型格闘ゲームなどのマルチキャラクターゲームにおけるキャラクターの操作（またはプレイ）能力や、リアルタイムストラテジーゲームにおける派閥と混同されてはならない。
プレイアビリティとは、プレイヤーが一人で、または仲間と一緒にプレイした場合に、信頼感や満足感があり、楽しさや娯楽を提供することを主な目的とした特定のゲームシステムを使用したプレイヤー体験を記述する一連の性質と定義されている。プレイアビリティは、コンピュータゲームのプレイヤー体験を測るための様々な属性と性質によって特徴づけられる。
プレイアビリティ分析は、コンピュータゲームの基本設計の様々な部分を分析する様々な視点による、非常に複雑なプロセスである。それぞれの面は、コンピュータゲームの基本設計の様々な要素により影響を受けるプレイアビリティの色々な属性と特性を識別することを可能にする。プレイアビリティの面は以下の通りである。
最後に、コンピュータゲームの「グローバルな」プレイアビリティは、異なるプレイアビリティ面における各属性値から推定される。プレイヤーがコンピュータゲームをプレイする際に、最高のプレイヤー体験を保証するために、様々な面のプレイアビリティを向上させることは非常に重要である。
写真フィルム

写真フィルム（しゃしんフィルム）とは、写真撮影（映画も含む）においてカメラによって得られた映像を記録する感光材料であり、現像することにより記録媒体となるフィルムのこと。かつては、家庭用カメラの感光材料として広く普及し、単に「フィルム」または「フイルム」と呼ばれた。
写真フィルムは、写真や映画などの映像を、感光剤の化学反応を利用して記録するメディアである。カメラ等を使用して、フィルムを実像に露出して感光させ、潜像を生成した後、現像・定着・焼き付けといったプロセスを経て「写真」を得ることができる。
一般的な銀塩写真のフィルムは、透明なフィルムのベース（支持体）に、「ゼラチン」と呼ばれる、銀塩を含む感光乳剤が塗布されている。ネガフィルムは焼き付けによってネガポジを反転することにより、ポジ像（元の映像を表現する写真）が得られる。ポジフィルム（リバーサルフィルム）は、リバーサル現像（反転現像）によってポジ像が得られるため、そのまま鑑賞できる。
銀塩方式の写真はカビなどによる劣化には注意する必要がある。また、警察の鑑識において使用するカメラは、かつては証拠能力の問題からフィルム式であったが、その後、ライトワンスのメモリーカードが開発され、デジタル化が進んでいる。
写真フィルムは、写真乾板から発展した感光材料である。脆いガラス製乾板に対し、取り扱いが容易で、保存性・即用性に優れ、かつ量産しやすい写真フィルムの発明は、写真の普及の原動力となった。ガラスでは不可能なロールフィルムの実現もフィルム化と同時であり、それは映画の発明へとつながっていった。
初期の写真フィルムは、ベース素材にセルロイドを使用した「ナイトレート・フィルム」が使用されていた。ニトロセルロースは燃えやすい特性をもっており、時に火災の原因となった。そのため映画館や写真館の火災保険が高価であった程で、危険物第5類に指定されていた。1950年代以降は燃えにくいアセテート・セルロースをベースとしたセーフティー・フィルムが発売され置き換わったが、セーフティー・フィルムは高温多湿下の環境において加水分解し、分解された酢酸がさらに劣化を早めることが問題（ビネガーシンドローム）となり、1990年代頃からポリエステル製に置換されていった。
1990年代後半は出荷本数が4億本を超え、1997年（平成9年）9月1日から1998年（平成10年）8月31日の統計ではロールフィルムにおいて日本国内で最多の約4億8283万本を出荷し、日本各地の写真用品店・スーパーマーケットなどに「スピード写真」「0〜10円プリント」などと謳った全自動カラー現像・プリント装置が設置されていたが、その後はデジタルカメラの普及で売り上げが激減しており、全盛期の10年後である2008年（平成20年）には10分の1近くの約5583万本にまで落ち込んだ。これにより、企業のフィルム事業からの撤退や、ラインナップの縮小が進んでいる。
主にモノクロフィルム。
カラーフィルムは特定の色温度下において正しいホワイトバランスが得られるように設計されている。プリント時の補正が出来ないリバーサルフィルムで主に問題となる。
ISO感度の高低により現在はほぼ以下のように分類されているが、技術の進歩によりだんだん高感度になっている。
特記しない限りロールフィルム。数字（昇順）、アルファベット順で記載。
兵衛府

兵衛府（ひょうえふ）とは、律令制における官司。左兵衛府と右兵衛府の二つが存在する。和訓は「つはもののとねりのつかさ」。唐名は武衛（ぶえい）、威衛（いえい）、鷹揚（おうよう）。
四等官の官名は衛門府と同じく、督（＝長官）、佐、尉、志。したがって長官は兵衛督 （左兵衛督・右兵衛督）。また、左右近衛府、左右衛門府とあわせて「六衛府」と呼ばれる。
古代では、舎人の制度があり、地方豪族（国造・郡司）の子弟が選抜され京へ上り、天皇やその家族の近侍・護衛を務めた。
兵衛とは、この制度を強化・拡充する形で天武天皇時代に成立したと言われている。大宝律令成立後に左右に分立した。養老律令において内部官職名の変更が行われた。藤原仲麻呂政権下の天平宝字2年（758年）に虎賁衛（こほんえい）と改称したが、6年後の仲麻呂の没落とともに旧に復された。しかしこの頃、地方において国造・郡司層の没落が進むにつれ、規模も縮小され、代わりに新設の近衛府に主力の座を奪われた。
本来は古代から続く国造・郡司などの地方豪族による奉仕の一環であったが、律令制の下では彼らが兵衛や舎人として在京することで武官あるいは行政官としての社会経験を積ませる意味も含まれるようになった。多くの者は故郷に戻った後に国造・郡司の地位を継承したが、一部には才能が評価されて京に残って中央の下級官人として活躍する者もいた。このため、中央への出仕の機会としても兵衛が認識され、構成員も畿内の豪族の子弟や位子・蔭子孫が増えていくことになった。
その他にも
などの役職があったという。
大内裏のうち、宣陽門・承明門・陰明門・玄輝門より外側で建春門・建礼門・宜秋門・朔平門の内側を担当。天皇の護衛や内裏内における夜間の宿直も担当するなど六衛府の中でも最も宮廷の中枢部を担当した言わば「親衛隊」的な役割を果たした。また、民衆から選ばれた衛士が反抗して天皇及び内裏を攻撃しないように監視する役目も担っていたともいわれている。行幸などの際には行幸の行列。また、夜間の京内の巡検も担当。
平安時代
鎌倉時代
南北朝時代
室町時代
戦国時代
江戸時代
平安時代
鎌倉時代
南北朝時代
室町時代
戦国時代
平安時代
鎌倉時代
室町時代
戦国時代
左時枝

左 時枝（ひだり ときえ、1947年〈昭和22年〉3月27日 - ）は、日本の女優。旧本名及び旧芸名は額村 多美子。
富山県富山市出身。東京都立松原高等学校、東京女子体育短期大学卒業。舞プロモーション、高瀬プロダクション、ファザーズコーポレーションを経て、現在はフリーで活動。
血液型はO型。身長159cm、体重50kg。長姉は左幸子（自身は五女）。義兄は羽仁進、姪は羽仁未央。羽仁進の二人目の妻の額村喜美子も姉（四女）。娘は額村麻裕。夫は造形作家の市田喜一。
画家としても第46回創展で創展賞を受賞している。
母は華道の指導者であった。
1958年、11歳の時に映画『荷車の歌』でデビュー（姉・幸子が演じた役の幼少期を演じた）。
1960年、中学2年生の時に上京。
1964年11月14日、高校3年時に出演した『ふたたび五月が…』で芸術祭奨励賞を受賞。
東京女子体育短期大学には教員を目指して入学。1966年、卒業。
1973年、結婚。
趣味は油絵、バッグソーイング、園芸、古美術、生け花。特技は体操、唄、料理、手芸。
大林宣彦作品の常連であり、『22歳の別れ』や『野のなななのか』などに出演した。
2015年、文部科学大臣賞を受賞。
左幸子

左 幸子（ひだり さちこ、1930年6月29日 - 2001年11月7日）は、日本の女優、映画監督。富山県下新川郡朝日町出身。本名：額村 幸子。
妹は同じく女優左時枝。元夫は映画監督の羽仁進（1959年結婚、1977年離婚）。娘はエッセイストの羽仁未央。
骨董店を営む両親の三男五女の長女として生まれる。母は華道の指導者でもあったという。
東京女子体育専門学校（現・東京女子体育大学）卒業後、都立第五商業高校ならびに國學院大學久我山中学校の体育・音楽教師をしながら俳優座の委託生となり演技を学ぶ。女優の左時枝は末妹にあたる。
1951年に『家庭よみうり』のカバーガールを務めたことから新東宝の野村浩将の目にとまり、1952年に野村の勧めで『若き日のあやまち』に主演。
1957年の『幕末太陽傳』では遊郭の人気女郎おそめを演じ、おそめと人気を争う女郎こはるを演じた南田洋子と好演した。
そして、1963年、『にっぽん昆虫記』で貧しい農村で職業を転々としながら売春組織の元締になっていく女性を演じ、『彼女と彼』と合わせて日本人で初めてベルリン国際映画祭女優賞を獲得した。
1965年、『飢餓海峡』では純朴な娼妓・杉戸八重を演じて毎日映画コンクール女優主演賞を受賞。
一方、1977年には『遠い一本の道』監督・主演。当時の国鉄労働組合が1億円の資金を提供し、田中絹代に次ぐ女優監督となった。
テレビドラマでは『北の家族』(1973年)『赤い絆』(1977年～1978年)『大市民』『野のきよら山のきよらに光さす』などに出演した。 1965年1月4日から1965年5月31日まで音楽番組『ミュージックフェア』（フジテレビ）の司会も担当した。ワイドショーの司会をした事があるが、番組中で沖縄国会強行採決を批判した政治的発言により降板した。
1952年の映画デビュー以降数々の作品に出演したが、新東宝、日活、大映（1958年 - ）に短期間所属したことはあるものの、五社協定をものともせず活動、1962年にフリーとなる。強い信念の持ち主で、映画会社にスターとして売り出してもらうより、いい脚本、いい監督の作品を自ら選択することを重視し、演出や役柄の解釈について自分の意見を主張し納得するまで議論する女優だった。『遠い一本の道』の監督・主演も「男女差別をなくしたい」との主張に基づくものだった。
私生活では、1959年に映画監督の羽仁進と結婚。1964年に長女・未央を出産。しかし、1973年に羽仁が未央を連れてアフリカに長期撮影旅行に出かけた際、これに未央とともに同行した左の実妹（四女）で当時羽仁のマネージャーを務めていた額村喜美子と不倫関係にあったことを人づてに知り、ショックを受け自殺を図るが事なきを得た。このこともあり1977年、離婚し未央は父側に付き、羽仁はその4ヶ月後の11月8日、喜美子と再婚した。
1987年、胃癌のため胃の摘出手術を受ける。1991年に舞台『糸女』でカムバックを果たしたが、その後はバラエティ番組へのゲスト出演が活動の中心になっていった。晩年は『快傑熟女!心配ご無用』（TBS）のレギュラーパネリストとして出演している。
2001年に入ってからせき込むようになり検査を受けた結果肺がんが見つかり、9月下旬に国立がんセンターに入院するが、10月下旬に容体が急変し危篤に陥った。
2001年11月7日（水曜日）午後8時40分、国立がんセンターで親族に囲まれ、息を引き取った。71歳没。品川での密葬の際、羽仁・喜美子夫婦だけでなく実娘・未央も、幸子と（離婚後）親交がないとして参列しなかった。
List of retro style video game consoles

This is a list of retro style video game consoles in chronological order. Only officially licensed consoles are listed.
Starting in the 2000s, the trend of retrogaming spawned the launch of several new consoles that usually imitate the styling of pre-2000s home consoles and only play games that released on those consoles. Most retro style consoles are dedicated consoles, but many have an SD card slot that allows the user to add additional games, an internet connection that allows users to download games, or even support the cartridges of older video game systems such as the Nintendo Entertainment System. Most of these consoles do not feature the original hardware and are thus equipped with a modern microprocessor, prominently an ARM CPU and supporting chips running an emulator to allow the rendering of the particular system.
List of handheld game consoles

The list of handheld game consoles documents notable handheld game consoles released as commercial products. Handheld game consoles are portable video game consoles with a built-in screen and game controls and the ability to play multiple and separate video games. It does not include PDAs, smartphones, or tablet computers; while those devices are often capable of playing games, they are not generally classified as video game consoles. This is not a complete list; it only lists handheld game consoles with its own Wikipedia article and a source verifying its classification as a handheld console. Currently there are 54 entries in this list, 4 consoles were canceled.
This is a list of notable canceled handheld game consoles.
Nintendo Music

Nintendo Music is a music streaming service by Nintendo that features their video game soundtracks. The service is available for Nintendo Switch Online users, a subscription service for the Nintendo Switch video game console. Nintendo Music launched for Android and iOS on October 31, 2024.
Users can add tracks to both curated and custom playlists. Nintendo Music also allows for extending the playback of some tracks to 15, 30, or 60 minutes. The service provides three type of audio quality: data saving, balanced, and high quality. It also includes a feature that allows users to hide tracks and albums to avoid spoilers. The service is available for Nintendo Switch Online users, a subscription service for the Nintendo Switch video game console.
Nintendo Music was announced on October 31, 2024, and launched the same day. The service was released for Android and iOS smartphone devices in all 45 markets that officially supported Nintendo Switch Online at launch.
23 soundtracks from various games and consoles were made available at launch, with new soundtracks usually added weekly.
Kyle Barr of Gizmodo called the application "surprisingly good" but criticized the small selection of music available at launch. Fans, journalists, and developers criticized the app for not crediting the soundtrack composers. Abner Li from 9to5Google noted many similarities to YouTube Music, specifically in the application's user interface (UI). Two weeks after launch, Nintendo Music had been downloaded more than one million times.