davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Hun (instrument)

The hun (Korean: 훈; Hanja: 塤) is a Korean Xun-like globular flute made of baked clay or other ceramics.
The hun is a close relative to the Chinese xun. It dates back to the 12th century, when it was introduced to Korea by the Song dynasty of China in 1114 and 1116. This came about when the Chinese emperor gave 72 hun to King Yejong of Goryeo as a gift. The instrument began being made in Korea around the 15th century.
The instrument is made of clay and is usually black. The hun is globular and comes in three main shapes: the egg, the hemisphere and the ball. It has a blowing hole on top and five finger holes, two on the back and three on the front. The is no standard size for the instrument. The hun is played using two hands. The range of the hun is an octave: it can produce all 12 chromatic notes. It has a dark timbre similar to the ocarina.
It is used primarily in court music ensembles to play aak: ceremonial music to honour Confucius. In these ceremonies, the hun represents the earth and plays together with the ji, a flute. The hun has been used in this capacity since the 12th century. In the late 20th century some contemporary Korean composers began to use it in their compositions and film scores.
Piri (instrument)

The piri (Korean: 피리) is a Korean double reed instrument, used in both the folk and classical (court) music of Korea. Originating in Central Asia, it was introduced to the Korean peninsula from China, and has been used there as early as the Three Kingdoms period in the states of Goguryeo and Baekje. The instrument consists of a tube of bamboo, which is perforated with finger holes, and has a large double reed. It has a cylindrical bore.
A typical piri has eight finger holes, seven of which are on the front, with the remaining one on the back for the thumb.
There are four types of piri:
There are different types of piri, each suited for use in a different type of music. The Hyangpiri is the longest and most common form of piri. Because of its loud and nasal tone, it usually plays the main melody in an ensemble. The sepiri is the smaller, thinner, and much quieter one. Additionally, because of its quiet tone, it is used along with voices or soft stringed instruments. The Dangpiri (Tang piri) is wider and is similar to the Chinese guanzi. Additionally, the North Korean daepiri is a modernized piri with keys and a bell, looking much more like a western oboe.
In general, the method of playing the piri is to sit upright, pull the chin slightly, straighten the back to make it easier to breathe, hold the flute in both hands, and bite it in mouth.
The piri is believed to have been introduced to Korea from Kucha, a Buddhist oasis state of Central Asia (modern-day Xinjiang) before the Goguryeo period. According to the Book of Sui, the piri was also known as gagwan (가관; 笳管), and it originates from Kucha. During the reign of King Yejong of Goryeo dynasty, another double-reed cylindrical instrument was imported from Song dynasty China, and to disambiguate, the former was named hyangpiri and the latter dangpiri. The sepiri is smaller than the hyangpiri, but has the same structure and range. The sepiri appears to have been invented much later than the hyangpiri.
The piri's equivalent in China is the guan (also known as bili), and its counterpart in Japan is the hichiriki.
Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design

JSC V.V. Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design (Russian: ОАО «Научно-исследовательский институт приборостроения имени В.В.Тихомирова», Russian: НИИП, NIIP) is a joint stock company, one of the Russian enterprises in the development of weaponry control systems for fighter planes and mobile medium range anti-aircraft SAM defence vehicles.
The institute was created on March 1, 1955 as a branch of the Moscow NII-17 by the Ministry of Aircraft Industry of the USSR Council of Ministers (Resolution N. 2436-1005, September 18, 1954). In February 1956, the NII-17 branch was reorganized into an independent enterprise known as Scientific Research Institute for Instrumentation, or NIIP. In 1994 the institute was named after his first CEO Viktor Tikhomirov.
At present, NIIP is an enterprise with an industrial and economic infrastructure. The area occupied by the Institute is 42000 square meters.
List of NewJeans live performances

NewJeans (also known as NJZ), a South Korean idol girl group, has staged two fan meetings since their debut in 2022. To promote their first self-titled EP, they appeared on numerous South Korean music shows in August 2022. In July 2023, the group held their first fan meeting, titled Bunnies Camp, in Seoul, South Korea. Following the release of their second EP, Get Up (2023), they promoted it with live performances on South Korean music shows. Internationally, they performed at Lollapalooza in the US in July and Summer Sonic Festival in Japan in August 2023.
Their second fan meeting, titled Bunnies Camp 2024, was held at the Tokyo Dome in Japan. The event lasted two days in June 2024 and attracted 91,200 people in attendance. The group has also performed at various award shows, including the Blue Dragon Film Awards and the Melon Music Awards. They also participated in miscellaneous events, such as the Tokyo Girls Collection and a series of university festivals in South Korea.
Bük

Bük is a town in Vas County, Hungary, close to the Austrian border. Nowadays it has a reputation for being a popular holiday destination in Hungary and one of the major spa and wellness spots in Central Europe.
The town is situated 27 kilometers from Szombathely at the Répce-river plains.
The village is first mentioned in charters in 1271 with the name: Byk. The church was built in the 12th century, so the village is even older. In 1461 the name of the village is Poss. Vinchefalwa Byk. The name corresponds to the old Vinczlófalva-Bik, which is now called Felső-Bükk. In the 15th century there were three Bik villages (Alsó-Bük, Mankó-Bük and Felsö-Bük). The Büki Family was the landowner. Their descendants were the Mankóbüki Horváth, Mankóbüki Balogh and the Felsőbüki Nagy families. Pál Felsőbüki Nagy was a famous member of the Hungarian House of Representatives in the 19th century. Other notable landowners were the Counts Cseszneky who bought Alsóbük in the 16th century.
In the autumn of 1957, an investigation was made to establish the presence of oil in the region, but a hot water spring was found. The town built a baths in 1962. Later the water became a medical water and a new baths was erected in 1972 for all year use of the hot water baths. Around the bath several camp sites, hotels, boutiques, pensions and restaurants were built and in 1992 the 'recreation park' was opened as well. Today the bath in Bük is the second largest medicinal bath in Hungary. One of the most well known hotels in Bük is the Birdland Resort & Spa, which was awarded the Best Hungarian Wellness Hotel in 2007.
The church was devoted to the patrician of St Caliman, built in the 13th century. Later restored in gothic style (in 1408), and its tower was rebuilt in 1658. Between 1732 and 1757 the whole church building was renewed in baroque style. The murals are from this period. The virgin Mary Column is from the 18th century.
The old palace of the Felsőbüki Family was founded around 1790 by Pál Felsőbüki Nagy. Originally it was formed in the so-called coptic style. Later, in 1880 it was renewed in eclectic style.
Bük is twinned with:
Yunahar Ilyas

Prof. Dr. Yunahar Ilyas, Lc., M.Ag. (lahia di Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat, 22 September 1956 – maningga di Yogyakarta, 2 Januari 2020 pado umua 63 taun) adolah surang pangaja jo ulama Indonesia dari Muhammadiyah. Baliau manjabaik sabagai katua Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) Pusek. Sajak liau masuak Muhammadiyah pado taun 1986 alah banyak jabatan dalam organisasi nan dijalaninyo. Pado periode 2000—2005 liau panah manjabaik sabagai Katua Majelis Tabligh jo Dakwah Khusus PP Muhammadiyah. Salanjuiknyo baliau manjabaik sabagai salah satu Katua Panguruih Pusek (PP) Muhammadiyah untuak periode 2005—2010; 2010—2015 jo 2015—2020. Sadangkan dalam kasahariannyo, sajak taun 1987 liau bakarajo sabagai Guru Gadang di Fakultas Agamo Islam Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.
Yunahar Ilyas maningga dunia di Rumah Sakik Umum Pusat Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta pado tanggal 2 Januari 2020 pukua 23.47 WIB dek sakik.
Yunahar Ilyas adolah anak dari Ilyas jo Syamsidar. Kaduo urang tuonyo alah dulu maningga dunia, ayahnyo maningga pado taun 1995, sadangkan mandehnyo taun 1988. Yunahar manikah pado tanggal 24 September 1987 jo Liswarni Syahrial dan alah dikaruniai 4 urang anak, yaitu Syamila Azhariya Nahar, Faiza Husnayeni Nahar, Muhammad Hasnan Nahar, Ihda Rufaida Nahar. Pado taun 2004, anak suluangnyo, Syamila Azhariya Nahar maningga dunia pado umua 16 taun.
Musajik Larabanga

Musajik Larabanga adolah musajik bagaya arsitektur Sudan nan talatak di desa of Larabanga, distrik Gonja Barat, Ghana. Musajik iko marupoan musajik baumua paliang tuo di Ghana dan salah satu nan paliang tuo di Afrika Barat. Bangunannyo tabuek dari batu tanah liek dan babantuak takah susunan piramida. Ado struktur takah manaro jo mihrab nan talatak di sisi barat jo timur bangunan.
Sasuai jo namonyo, lokasi Musajik Larabanga barado di desa Larabanga. Kahadiran musajik iko mambuek Larabanga dijuluki sabagai "Makkah-nyo Afrika Barat" atau "kota Islam". Latak larabanga dakek jo Kota Damongo, ibu kota Distrik Gonja Barat nan marupoan Wilayah Savannah di Ghana.
Di antaro paninggalan saisuak nan ado di musajik iko adolah Alquran lamo. Dek panduduak satampek, Alquran nan tun diyakini sabagai hadiah "dari sarugo" untuak Yidan Barimah Bramah, imam musajik sangkek itu.
Samanjak ditagakan pado taun 1421, musaik iko alah acok kanai pelokan. Musajik Larabanga masuak sabagai salah satu dari 100 Situs Paling Terancam Punah. World Monuments Fund (WMF) punyo jariah gadang dalam parawatan bangunan.
Bangunan musajik iko alah acok dipelokan dek angin dan hujan nan kanai di dindingnyo. Pamelokan nan dilakukan maliputi renovasi jo restorasi nan mambuek tampilan luanyo alah barubah dari bantuak samulo.
Pado September 2002, angin badai mambuek bagian mihrab jo manaro rusak. Dek itu, World Monuments Fund (WMF) mamasuakan musajik iko ka dalam pantauannyo yakni World Monuments Watch pado 2020.
Dewan Museum dan Monumen Ghana turun untuak mamelokan musajik dan maminta saran dari CRAterre, sabuah firma arsitektur nan bakaduduakan di Grenoble, Prancis. Firma nan tun dianggap punyo kaahlian dalam managakan struktur tanah liek. Pekerjaan renovasi didukuang dek WMF, jo dana hibah sagadang US$50.000 dari American Express.
Jumu'ah Mubarak

Jumu'ah Mubārak (Arabic: جمعة مباركة‎), the holiest day of the week on which special congregational prayers are offered. The phrase translates into English as "happy Friday", and can be paraphrased as "have a blessed Friday". Internationally, Muslims use it as a greeting for use on the feast. Fridays are considered a celebration in their own right and Muslims take special care in wearing clean clothes, bathing, and preparing special meals on this day. The term Jumu’ah is derived from the same root as jama'a, which means "the gathering of people". In the social sense, people take part in Friday prayers in the afternoon during the time the Zuhr prayer would normally be offered.
Jumu'ah is one of the most important Islamic rituals and is considered one of its obligatory acts. Jumma Mubarak literally means Happy Friday, where Jumma means "Friday" and Mubārak translates as "blessed". Muslims offer weekly prayers at noon on Friday, as a core part of Islamic beliefs.
According to Hadith, Friday is the best day during which the sun has risen. It is the day Adam was created, the day when Adam entered paradise, and also when he was banished from it. It is also the day on which the Yawm ad-Din or Day of Resurrection will take place. As this day has its own importance in Islam, Muslims wish each other "Jumu'ah Mubārak" or "Blessed Friday" when they go to the mosque and recite a special prayer. The reply to this greeting is usually the same, “Jummah Mubārak”.
Abdullah Awad Al Juhany

Abdullah Awad Al Juhany (Arabic: عبد الله عواد الجهني), is one of the ten Imams of the Grand Mosque Masjid al-Haram in Mecca. He holds a B.A. from the faculty of Qur'an at the Islamic University of Madinah, and a doctorate (Ph.D.) from Umm al-Qura University in Mecca.
Juhany has led the Taraweeh prayers during Ramadan in Mecca since 2005. His voice has been widely recorded and is internationally distributed by various communities.
He was appointed as an imam of Masjid Al Haram, Mecca in July 2007. He is or has been an imam of Masjid Al Haram in Mecca, Masjid Al Nabawi in Medina, Masjid Quba and Masjid Qiblatain.
Bandar Baleela

Bandar Bin Abdul Azeez Baleela born in Mecca in 1975 (1395 in the Hijri Calendar) is a Saudi Islamic scholar, Qur'an reciter, member of the Council of Senior Scholars, and the imam and preacher of Masjid al-Haram.
Baleelah obtained a Ph.D. from the Islamic University of Madinah in 2008.
Baleela worked as an associate teacher of Fiqh at the Academic Institute of the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca. He has authored several books and research papers related to this field. He has also worked as an assistant teacher in Al Taif University.
He was appointed to lead the Tarawih prayers during Ramadan nights at the Masjid al-Haram in 2013. Subsequently, in 2019, upon royal decree, he began delivering Friday sermons at the same location.
In addition, a royal decree was issued in October 2020 appointing Shaykh Baleelah as a member of the Council of Senior Scholars.
It's Gonna Rain

It's Gonna Rain is a tape composition written by Steve Reich in 1965. It lasts about 18 minutes. It was Reich's first major work and is considered a landmark in minimalism and process music.
Around 1964, influenced by his work with Terry Riley on In C and the latter's use of tape looping and delay systems, Reich started experimenting with these techniques as well. Up until January 1968, the full title of It’s Gonna Rain was It's Gonna Rain, or meet Brother Walter in Union Square after listening to Terry Riley.
The source material of It's Gonna Rain consists entirely of a tape recording made in 1964 at San Francisco's Union Square. In the recording, a Pentecostal preacher, Brother Walter, rails about the end of the world, while accompanying background noises, including the sound of a pigeon taking flight, are heard. The piece opens with the story of Noah, and the phrase "It's Gonna Rain" is repeated and eventually looped throughout the first half of the piece.
For the recording, Reich used two normal Wollensak tape recorders with the same recording, originally attempting to align the phrase with itself at the halfway point (180 degrees). However, due to the imprecise technology in 1965, the two recordings fell out of sync, with one tape gradually falling ahead or behind the other due to minute differences in the machines, the length of the spliced tape loops, and playback speed. Reich decided to exploit what is known as phase shifting, where all possible repeated harmonies are explored before the two loops eventually get back in sync. The following year, Reich created another composition, Come Out, in which the phrase "come out to show them" is looped to create the same effect.
The work is in two parts of roughly equal length, the first using the "It's Gonna Rain" sample as mentioned above, the second using a separate section of the speech with short phrases cut together and the resultant pattern then phased as in the first part, but with additional tape delay to create a more processed sound.
During a lecture at the Long Now Foundation, electronic musician Brian Eno cited It's Gonna Rain as his first experience with minimalism and the genre that would come to be known as ambient music.
Imran N. Hosein

Imran Nazar Hosein (born 1942) is a Trinidadian and Tobagonian Islamic preacher, author and philosopher who specialises in Islamic eschatology, world politics, economics, and modern socio-economic/political issues. He is the author of Jerusalem in the Qur'an and other books.
Hosein was born into an Indo-Trinidadian family of Pathan origin, in Trinidad and Tobago. He studied Islam under the guidance of the Islamic scholar, Muhammad Fazlur Rahman Ansari at the Aleemiyah Institute of Islamic Studies, Karachi, Pakistan. He also did post-graduate studies in Philosophy at Karachi University, and International Relations at the University of West Indies, Trinidad, and the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. He led the Jumu'ah prayers and delivered the sermon at the United Nations headquarters in Manhattan once a month for ten years.
Sheikh Hosein opposes fiat currency, describing it as 'bogus, fraudulent, Haram and an amazingly dangerous instrument of oppression and universal slavery' although based on the Islamic principle of necessity he states that 'we are permitted to use it until such time as we can escape from its poisonous, deadly and sinful embrace'. He proposes that fiat currency be removed 'through the creation of micro-markets which use only Sunnah money and which are a part of remotely-located Muslim Villages.'
Ebrahim Desai, who ran the website Askimam, claimed Hosein has deviant positions, such as rejecting certain authentic hadiths and diverting from the consensus opinion. For example, he issued a fatwa, an Islamic legal opinion, discouraging Muslims from listening to his talks. A second fatwa by the same scholar said that due to his views some hadiths of Sahih al-Bukhari are fabricated and Gog and Magog have already been released.
Two other Islamic websites have published articles espousing similar views.
Hosein has been banned from speaking at Mucurapo Mosque.
Bandar Durian, Aek Natas, Labuhanbatu Kalér

Bandar Durian nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Aek Natas, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Citakan:Aek Natas, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Sungai Durian, Padang Bolak, Padang Lawas Kalér

Sungai Durian nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Padang Bolak, Kabupatén Padang Lawas Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Citakan:Padang Bolak, Padang Lawas Kalér
Durio

Durio mangrupa genus tutuwuhan ti kulawarga Malvaceae . Sababaraha spésiés ngahasilkeun buah anu tiasa didahar anu katelah kadu, spesies anu paling umum nyaéta Durio zibethinus. Aya 30 spesies dipikawanoh dina genus Durio, tapi ngan salapan ngahasilkeun buah bisa didahar.
Aya 30 spésiés dina génus Durio, tapi ngan salapan ngahasilkeun buah bisa didahar. Durian mangrupikeun hiji-hijina spésiés anu aya di pasar internasional : Spésiés séjén ngan dijual di daérah lokalna. Ngaran " durian » asalna tina kecap Indo-Melayu "teuas» nu nujul kana loba protuberances buah.
Mindeng dianggap raja bungbuahan , durian ieu dibédakeun ku ukuranana badag, bau pikareueuseun, sarta kulitna kuat ditutupan ku cucuk. Buahna tiasa ngahontal ukuran panjang 30 centimètres sareng diaméterna 15 centimètres, sareng biasana beuratna hiji dugi ka tilu kilogram. Bentukna rupa-rupa ti bujur nepi ka buleud, warna amplopna ti héjo nepi ka coklat, jeung dagingna ti konéng nepi ka beureum, gumantung kana spésiésna.
Daging anu tiasa didahar ngaluarkeun bau has anu kuat sareng nembus, sanaos kulitna gembleng. Bau evokes, nurutkeun jalma, bawang ruksak, turpentine, malah sewers. Kegigihanna bau na nyababkeun larangan na di sababaraha hotél sareng angkutan umum di Asia Tenggara.
Dina tanggal 4 Maret 2023, pesawat anu nyambungkeun Istanbul ka Barcelona kapaksa ngabalikan kusabab bau seueul tina buah tropis anu diangkut dina cecekelan.
Sirsak

Sirsak nyaéta salah sahiji buah anu asalna ti Karibia, Amerika Tengah jeung Amerika Kidul. Ngaran sirsak asalna tina basa Walanda: zuurzak anu hartina kantong haseum. Sirsak nelah ogé ku sebutan nangka walanda. Sirsak didatangkeun ku pamaréntah Hindia-Walanda ka Nusantara, nyaéta dina abad ka-19, sanajan asalna lain ti Eropa.
Sirsak nu dipelak pikeun tujuan komérsial biasana nu dimangpaatkeunana téh nyaéta buahna. Jangkung tangkal sirsak bisa ngahontal kana 9 méter. Buah sirsak remen digunakeun pikeun bahan jus jeung és krim. Dina buah sirsak loba gizi anu mangpaat pikeun awak kayaning karbohidrat, (utamana fruktosa), vitamin C, vitamin B1 jeung vitamin B2. Dina siki sirsak aya racun anu bisa digunakeun minangka inséktisida alami.
Di unggal wewengkon buah sirsak miboga ngaran vernakular (ngaran lokal) anu béda-béda. di antarana nyaéta:
Ti baheula, buah sirsak geus dimangpaatkeun minangka ubar hérbal anu mangpaatna téh ngubaran mangrupa-rupa panyakit, buah jeung daunna geus kacicda kasohor hasiatna. Bagéan sirsak anu minangpaat pikeun ubar kanker nyaéta dahan, daun, ogé buahna. Sirsak téh geus ditalungtik yén bisa ngubaran kanker usus gedé (kolon), kanker paru-paru, kanker pankréas, kanker prostat, ogé kanker pinareup.
Bunigeulis, Hantara, Kuningan

Bunigeulis nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Hantara, Kabupatén Kuningan, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
désa Bunigeulis dibagi jadi lima golongan atawa blok, nyaéta Kaliwon, Wage, Manis, Puhun, Pahing.
désa Bunigeulis terletak pada titik koordinat 108° 23' - 108° 47' Bujur Timur dan 6° 47' - 7° 12' Lintang Selatan. Sedangkan ibu kotanya terletak pada titik koordinat 6° 45' - 7° 50' Lintang Selatan dan 105° 20' - 108° 40' Bujur Timur.
Menurut hasil II Suseda taun 2006 Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja (TPAK) penduduk ds bunigeulis adalah sebesar 54,09 persen, dengan komposisi TPAK lakl-lakl sebesar 75~27 persen dan 33,10 persen untuk perempuan. Tampak bahwa peran perempuan di ds bunigeulis masih kurang dalam angkatan kerja dibandingkan dengan peran lakt-lakl. TPAK rnerupakan perbandingan angkatan kerja dengan penduduk usia kerja (10 taun ke atas). Jika klta perhatlkan TPAK keéamatan maka teriihat bahwa di keéamatan di wilayah Timur dan Selatan Kuningan memberikan kontribusi yang eukup terhadap TPAK ds bunigeulis. Hal ini disebabkan karena banyak penduduk di dusun tersebut yang bekerja di kota-kota besar (Jakarta, Bandung dan lain-lain).
Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) menunjukkan proporsi penduduk yang sedang mencari pekerjaan seéara aktif maupun mereka yang sedang mempersiapkan suatu usaha terhadap seluruh angkatan kerja. Tinggi rendahnya angka ini memiliki kepekaan terhadap dinamika pasar kerja dan tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat. Tingginya angka pengangguran akan memlliki implikasl kéamanan dan stabilitas regional. TPT merupakan salah satu indikator ketenagakerjaan yang secara tidak langsung menggambarkan kondisl ekonomi suatu daerah.
Hasil Pertanian
Komoditas Luas/Jumlah Panen Produksi (Ton) Produktivitas (Kw/Ha) Padi
Palawija
Sayuran
Buah Iblis

Buah Iblis mangrupa buah mistis nu aya di serial anime jeung manga One Piece karya Eiichiro Oda. Buah Iblis tiasa méré kakuatan ka jalma nu ngaleeut buah ieu. Jalma nu ngaleeut buah ieu disebat ‘Pamake Buah Iblis’. Kakuatan nu dipibanda ti buah iblis teu sarua, lantaran tiap buah ngagaduhan khasiat nu béda-béda. Buah ieu disebat ogé minangka ‘Buah Terkutuk’ lantaran pamakena moal tiasa ngojay saumur hidup jeung dibenci laut.
Rupa buah iblis unik, kulitna ngagaduhan motif baruleud jeung warnana téh mencrang-mencrang. Sanajan rupana nu alus, rasa buah ieu téh sepertos racun, matak geleuh atanapi teu raos.
Salain moal tiasa ngojay, pamake buah iblis tiasa meunang kakuatan nu anéh-anéh atanapi kakuatan nu teu ngagaduhan manfaat. Perkara ieu tiasa ngajadikeun pamakena disebat jalma anéh, setan, atanapi monster. Tapi pamake nu meunang jeung tiasa ngatur kakuatanana bakal jadi jalma nu dipikaajrih jeung dihormati.
Tipe Paramecia nyaéta tipe nu méré pamakena kakuatan jalma super. Tipe ieu tipe nu panggampangna kapanggih. Daftar Buah Iblis Paramecia:
Tipe Zoan nyaéta tipe nu méré pamakena kakuatan ku ngubah janten sasatoan. Tipe ieu aya opat macem nyaéta zoan herbivora, zoan karnivora, zoan kuno, jeung zoan mitologi. Daftar Buah Iblis Zoan:
Tipe Logia nyaéta tipe nu méré pamakena kakuatan ku ngubah janten elemen atanapi kakuatan alam. Daftar Buah Iblis Logia:
Buah

Buah nyaéta bagian tina tutuwuhan kembangan anu mangrupa parobahan tina bakal buah; Pibuaheun (ovarium). Buah biasana ngabungkus siki. Ieu wangenan henteu ngawengku buah dina harti tatanén (hortikultura) atawa pangan. Alatan éta sakapeung buah kalawan harti nu ieu disebut buah sajati pikeun ngabédakeun jeung buah anu kabentuk tina bagian séjén tutuwuhan. Buah mindeng ogé mibanda ajén ékonomi minangka bahan pangan atawa bahan baku industri alatan di jerona ngandung sagala produk métabolisme tutuwuhan nu ngawengkukarbohidrat, protéin, lemak, vitamin, mineral, alkaloid, nepi ka terpéna sarta terpénoid. Élmu anu ngulik sagala hal ngeunaan buah dingaranan pomologi.
Dina panempo botani, buah nyaéta buah sajati sakumaha anu disebutkeun di luhur. Dina watesan ieu, rupa-rupa buah bisa pohara jembar, ngawengku buah manggah, buah apel, buah tomat, cabé, paré, 'siki' jagong, 'siki' kembang srangéngé, 'siki' pedes, atawa peuteuy, kacang taneuh. Dumasar watesan ieu, buah jambu monyét atawa buah nangka henteu kaasup buah sajati.
Buah dina harti hortikultura atawa pangan mangrupa harti anu dipaké ku balaréa. Dina harti ieu, watesan buah jadi leuwih lega. Saban bagian tutuwuhan dina kulit taneuh anu tumuwuh ngagedéan sarta (biasana) boga daging atawa réa ngandung cai bisa disebut buah. Dina harti ieu, urang bisa manggihan buah dina harti botani anu digolongkan sasayuran, kawas buah tomat, buah cabé, peuteuy, kacang panjang, sarta buah bonténg. Urang ogé bisa manggihan buah henteu sajati anu digolongkan minangka bungbuahan, kawas "buah" jambu monyét (anu sabenerna mangrupa dasar kembang anu ngagedéan; buah anu sajatina mah nyaéta bagian tungtung anu ngabentuk kawas monyét dongko), "buah" nangka (tongkol kembang anu ngagedéan); buah anu sajatina mah nyaéta eusi buah nangka anu boga kelir bodas, geutahan, sedengkeun bagian "daging buah" anu didahar jelema nyaéta hateup kembang), atawa "buah" ganas.
Hidayat, Rachmat Taufik, spk., Peperenian Urang Sunda, Kiblat, Bandung, 2005.
Buah naga

Buah Naga nyaéta jenis bungbuahan anu asalna ti nagara Meksiko, Amerika. Masarakat Cina Kuna nganggap buah naga leuwih ti saukur buah kalayan rupa-rupa mangpaat. Buah jeung kulit anu nyarupaan sisit oray badag ieu mindeng jadi pangaping dua patung di méja altar sesembahan. Saban raraméan taun anyar Imlek buah ieu ogé disajikeun, sarta jadi salah sahiji sajian anu wajib aya alatan dipercaya mawa berkah. Padahal di tempat asalna, Meksiko, buah naga malahan dianggap palebah panon. Kakara sanggeus dibawa ka Vietnam, pepelakan buah naga mimitian dibudidayakeun sacara lega saméméh pamustunganana ngembang ka nagara Asia Tenggara. Di Vietnam buah naga mindeng disebut Thanh long atawa clever dragon sedengkeun masarakat Cina nyebutkeunana Feuy Long Kwa. Di wewengkon Meksiko, buah naga disebut Pitahaya. Buah naga sorangan mibanda kelir kulit anu murub, kulitna ogé henteu lemes, tapi mangrupa lapisan siga bawang ku kituna jiga sisit oray badag atawa naga. Eusi buahna boga warna bodas, beureum atawa bungur kalayan siki-siki boga warna hideung. Eusina kawas selasih sedengkeun rasana kawas buah kiwi.
Buah naga miboga khasiat anu méré mangpaat pikeun kaséhatan manusa di antarana pikeun nyaimbangkeun kadar gula getih, pencegah kanker peujit, ngurangan kolesterol, nyingkahan pendarahan. Buah naga biasana di jadikeun kadaharan dina rupa-rupa jenis saperti dina wangun buah seger pikeun ngaleungitkeun haus, alatan buah naga ngandung kadar cai anu luhur kira-kira 90 % ti beurat buahna sorangan. Rasana amis alatan ngandung kadar gula ngahontal 13-18 briks. Buah naga ogé bisa dijieun jus, sari buah, manisan jeung selé . Sacara umum,pakar sapamadegan sarta ngaku buah naga beunghar kalayan potasium, ferum, protein, serat, sodium sarta kalsium anu alus pikeun keséhatan ti batan bungbuahan séjén anu di import.
Buah kiwi

Buah kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) nyaéta buah anu asalna tina kulawarga actinidiaceae kulit buahna buluan. Buah kiwi loba dihasilkeun ku nagara-nagara: Selandia Anyar, Amerika, Itali, Jepang, Prancis, Australi jeung Cili. Buah kiwi téh asalna ti nagara Cina, disebutna buah yang tao kalawan geus dimangpaatkeun rébuan taun anu kaliwat. Tangkal kiwi mibanda kembang jalu jeung kembang bikang bijil tina tangkalna anu béda atawa papisah, tangkal kiwi jaluna sanajan kembangan ogé tetep moal ngahasilkeun buah.
Sanajan tacan pati dipiwanoh saperti buah lokal séjéna, hiji buah kiwi téh mibanda kandungan vitamin C anu cukup pikeun minuhan kabutuhan sapoé vitamin C jalma déwasa. Kandungan vitamin C dina buah kiwi, bisa nyingkahan karuksakan Kolagén anu ngabalukarkeun kulit kerejut (paréot). Ongkohan buah kiwi mah kaitung mahal, ku kituna pamangpaatanna tacan pati loba saperti bahan campuran pikeun rupa-rupa olahan kuéh. Buah kiwi loba dijual di toko buah, supermarket, atawa hipermarket. Buah kiwi anu loba kapanggih di toko aya dua rupa, kiwi anu kulitna héjo rasana leuwih haseum, jeung kiwi anu kulitna semu coklat (kawas sawo) sok disebut ogé gold rasana rada amis meueusan.
Cara ngabedakeun buah kiwi anu masih kénéh seger jeung nu geus layu carana gampang, mangsa dipencét palebah cupatna buah anu masih seger mah eunggal/semu ngenyod, béda jeung anu layu dipencét téh buahna emoy/lembek. Buah kiwi bisa langsung dikonsumsi kawas apel atawa jambu, nga cangkangna kudu dipesék heula atawa dibeulah dua sangkan katempo dagingna. Kelir buah kiwi rupa-rupa gumantung kana varietas, anu mindeng katempo mah héjo jeung coklat sanajan aya ogé buah kiwi anu kelirna konéng, ngan jarang katempo dijual di toko buah. Buah kiwi gedéna kurang leuwih sagedé endog meri, kulitna buluan, dagingna kandel tur kelirna héjo, sikina laleutik kawas selasih, ngupul ngurilingan puhu buahna.
Kesemek

Kesemek nyaéta ngaran sarupaning bungbuahan ti marga Diospyros. Pepelakan ieu dipikawanoh ogé kalayan sebutan buah kaki, atawa dina basa Inggris dingaranan Oriental (Chinese/Japanese) persimmon. Ngaran ilmiahna nyaéta Diospyros kaki. (‘kaki’, basa Jepang, nyaéta ngaran zat tanin anu dihasilkeun ku buah ieu).
Tangkal kesemek ukuranana leutik nepi ka sedeng, 15 m atawa kurang, dioesis (dioecious, boga imah dua) sarta sakapeung monoesis, boga tangkal pondok sarta bararéngkok, réa dahan, sarta ngagugurkeun daun.
Daun dina dua jajaran, kasusun sulang-seling, boga gagang pondok lk. 3 cm, bunder, bunder endog nepi ka jorong, 2,5-15 × 5–25 cm, héjo konéng ngagurilap.
Kesemek anu asak boga warna antara jingga semu konéng nepi ka semu beureum sarta boga diaméter antara 2–8 cm. Buah ieu bisa didahar langsung dina kaayaan seger sanggeus diulasan ku cai kapur sarta dipeuyeum, sangkan rasa kesedna leungit. Buah ieu ogé bisa digaringkeun atawa dikokolakeun jadi selé, ager, és krim sarta nu séjén-séjénna. Buah kesemek seger ngandung 19,6% karbohidrat, utamana fruktosa sarta glukosa, 0,7% protéin, vitamin A sarta kalium.
Buah kesemek anu ngora ngandung zat tanin anu dingaranan tanin-kaki, anu ngabalukarkeun rasa kesed dina buah. Zat ieu baris ngurangan sajalan jeung asakna buah. Tanin-kaki dimangpaatkeun pikeun ngawétkan sagala rupa karajinan leungeun, mantuan produksi arak-béas di Jepang, sarta bahan ngubaran panyakit hiperténsi.
Kesemek asalna ti Républik Rahayat Tiongkok (Cina), anu saterusna sumebar ka Jepang dina jaman purba sarta dibudidayakeun di ditu. ka dieunakeun buah ieu sumebar ka bagian séjén Asia, sarta dina mangsa pangjajahan Walanda dina taun 1800an dibawa ka Éropa kidul sarta Amérika (Kalifornia).
Buah ieu cukup penting dina talari Tiongkok jeung Jepang, ku kituna ajén komérsialna luhur di ditu mah. Kiwari komérsialisasi produksi kesemek geus ngarémbét sarta ngalegaan ka Selandia Anyar, Australia sarta Israél. Ékspor ti Israél ieu pisan anu dingaranan Sharon fruit.
Di Indonésia, Malaysia sarta Thailand, produksi kesemek umumna ngan mahi keur konsumsi lokal. Sumatera Kalér, hususna wewengkon Brastagi, dina mangsa katukang kungsi sacara tetep ngirimkeun kesemek ka Singapura; tapi kiwari kaeureunkeun alatan kualitasna kadéséh ku kesemek produksi nagara-nagara séjén. Tempat-tempat séjén di Indonésia anu ngahasilkeun kesemek di antarana nyaéta Jawa Kulon jeung Jawa Wétan, di mana buah ieu dipelak di wewengkon-wewengkon nu luhur di pagunungan.
Kapur (periodé)

Periodé Kapur (basa Inggris: Cretacéous) nyaéta bagéan pamungkas jeung pangpanjangna dina Éra Mésozoikum. Éta lumangsung 79 juta taun, tina kajadian kapunahan leutik anu nutup Periodé Jurassik sakitar 145,5 juta taun ka tukang nepi ka Peristiwa kapunahan Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) anu bertanggal 65,5 juta taun ka tukang.
Mimiti di Kapur, buana geus benten pisan tina posisi ayeuna. Bagéan tina Pangéa anu pangéling-énggal miluan. Samudra Tethys masih ngasingkeun buana Laurasia kalér dikidulan Gondwana. Atlantik kalér jeung kidul masih ditutup, sanajan Atlantik tengah geus ngamimitian dibuka Periodé Jurassik anu telat.
Salah sahiji ciri khas Periodé Kapur nyaéta pamekaran jeung radiasi pepelakan kembangan. Fosil Angiospérmaé pangkolotna anu geus kapanggih nepi ka ayeuna nyaéta Archaefructus liaoningensis, anu dipendakan ku Gen Sun jeung David Dilcher di China. Sigana mah ampir sarua jeung pepelakan cabé hideung modéren jeung jeung dianggap paling lila 122 juta taun.
Éta diduga dianggap yén serangga polinating, saperti lebah jeung tawon, mekar dina waktu anu sarua jeung angiospérmaé. Hal ieu sering dicutat salaku conto évolusi. panalungtik anyar, kumaha ogé ieu nunjukkeun yén pembuahan serangga ieu sigana ogé kabentuk saméméh kembang kahiji. Nalika fosil lebang pangkolotna kajebak di panjara amber ukur sakitar 80 juta taun ka tukang, buktina geus kapanggih yén lebeh-serangga sapertis serangga ngawangun sarang saperti sarang dina naon anu ayeuna disebut Leuweung Batu di Arizona.
Ieu sarang, dipanggih ku Stéphen Hasiotis jeung timna di Universitas Colorado, sahenteuna umur 207 juta taun ka tukang. Ayeunaa disangka yén persaingan pikeun perhatian serangga sigana ngahasilkeun kasuksésab anu gancang pisan jeung diverifikasi pepelakan kembangan. Salaku rupa-rupa kembang anu nyanababkeun serangga pikeun polinasi maranéhna, serangga diadaptasi béda- cara ngumpulkeun nektar jeung sari-sari sahingga neteupkeun sistem ko-évolusi anu rumit anu arurang wuwuh ayeuna.
Teu ayya bukti terbatas anu dinosaurus mangan angiospérmaé. Dua coprolites dinosaurus (ékskrési fosilisasi) anu kapanggih di Utah ngandung serpihan kai angiospérmaé. Numutkeun hiji ulikan anu teu diterbitkeun dina rapat taunan Society of Vertebrata Paleontology. Pamanggihan ieunn jeung anu sanésna, kaasup hiji Ankilosauris Cretacéous awal anu mibanda buah angiospérmaé anu ngamajukeun dina usuna, nunjukkeun yén sababaraha sato anu péso-pakan mibanda pepelakan ngembangan.
Sumawona bentuk sababaraha huntu tina sato Kapur nunjukkeun yén hérbivora diumbar dina daun jeung ranté, saur Betsky Krau, saurang panalungtik sukarelawan di Lapang Museum Sajarah Alam di Chicago.
Kecap (basa Sunda)

Kecap nyaéta wangun katatabasaan pangleutikna. Kecap mangrupa bagian kalimah anu dicirian ku ayana randegan, ogé mibanda harti. Ku kituna, kecap téh bagian kalimah anu bisa mandeg mandiri sarta ngandung harti anu tangtu.
Papasingan kecap-kecap dina basa Sunda dumasar kana wangun jeung warnana.
Wangun Kecap
Warna/Rupa Kecap kabagi dua.
Kecap sulur aya sababaraha rupa nu dijéntrékeun kieu.
Kecap gaganti milik disusun ku cara ngantétkeun kecap gaganti pikeun jalma di luhur ditukangeun kecap barang. Contona: buku abdi, buku manéh, buku hidep saréréa.
Kecap panuduh wacana Kecap panuduh wacana éta jeung ieu mah diteundeunna saméméh kecap anu dijéntrékeunana.
Kecap panuduh luareun wacana
Ciri-ciri kecap pagawéan.
Ciri-ciri kecap sipat.
Port Salut

Port Salut (French pronunciation: [pɔʁ saly] ) is a semi-soft pasteurised cow's milk cheese from Pays de la Loire, France, with a distinctive orange rind and a mild flavour. The cheese is produced in wheels approximately 23 cm (9 inches) in diameter, weighing approximately 2 kg (4.4 lb).
Though Port Salut has a mild flavour, it sometimes has a strong smell because it is a mature cheese. The smell increases the longer the cheese is kept; this does not affect its flavour. It can be refrigerated and is best eaten within two weeks of opening.
The cheese was developed by Trappist monks during the 19th century at Port-du-Salut Abbey in Entrammes. The monks, many of whom had left France during the French Revolution of 1789, learned cheese-making skills to support themselves abroad, and brought those skills back upon their return after the Bourbon Restoration. The name of their society, "Société Anonyme des Fermiers Réunis" (S.A.F.R.), later became their registered trademark, and is still printed on the wheels of Port Salut cheese.
In 1873, the head of the abbey came to an agreement with a Parisian cheese-seller granting exclusive rights of distribution, and purchases of the cheese soon began to increase. The abbey sought trade protection, and eventually, sold the rights to the Bel Group in 1950. The cheese is now produced in a factory, with the characteristic smooth rind now the result of a plastic-coated wrapper. When made of wax the rind may be edible, but can detract from the flavour of the cheese.
Handmade Port Salut cheese or "Entrammes" cheese is still produced by various monasteries throughout the French countryside.
二胡

二胡，古稱胡琴、奚琴，於中華民國時期改稱二胡，是一种拉弦樂器。有兩根弦，現代二胡以純五度定弦，在胡琴之中屬於中高音域樂器。现在各地方根據需要的條件，獨立發展出不同形状的弓弦樂器，如高胡、京胡、板胡、二弦、喇叭弦等。為滿足中樂交響化的需要，根據二胡的制式，也另外發明中胡。
製琴師通常以木材製作二胡，如紅木、小葉紫檀、烏木、雞翅木、血檀、大葉紫檀、非洲紅花梨、非洲紫檀等，也有製琴師以象牙、玉石、塑膠等材料製作二胡，因為他們有聲學以外的考量。琴筒一端蒙以蛇皮，這是二胡獨特音色的來源，一些高級的二胡则采用蟒蛇皮。不論是來自野生或被圈養的蛇，收集蛇皮的成本日益增高。而瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約限制其參與團體對蠎蛇皮的進出口，近年有人便開發蛇皮的替代材料，以期模仿蛇皮的音色。通常使用鋼弦，絲弦已極少人使用。总结来说，这导致了用原材料制作的二胡也随着减少了，取而代之的是替代材料。
中国為二胡的主要生產地，其中上海、北京及蘇州最为频繁。不同的地方生产的二胡音色各有不同及差异：傳統上，上海生產的二胡，音色較柔美；北京出產的二胡，音色較高亢；蘇州出產的二胡，音色则揉合上海與北京的特色。以科學來說，產地的不同代表聲音的共振頻率不同，對於二胡的聲響，需要更進一步的科學探討，讓二胡學習者更容易挑選到喜歡的聲音
奚琴，是奚人的一種弓絃樂器，在唐朝末期傳入中原。
在元代，奚琴开始在宴乐中用于独奏或合奏，并出现在用于军队的演奏活动中。
五四運動時期，劉天華融合歐洲的音樂理論、演奏技巧，根據中國民間音樂特性及借鏡小提琴，將二胡定弦為d、a，並對二胡的演奏技巧進行革新，擴展二胡的表現力，並且為二胡創作多首獨奏曲。
1920年代，周少梅、周榮根、陶洪茂合作改良二胡：加長琴杆至90公分、加大琴筒、改用莾蛇皮、改用軟弓、改用更粗的琴弦，使音量、音色有所改善。
1930年代，蔣風之設計出「六角啞鈴式」二胡，又被稱為「蔣氏南胡」。周榮庭與蔣風之、陸修堂等共同設計出「洋山柄頭」二胡和「迴紋頭」二胡。
1950年代至1960年代間，上海民族樂團、中國廣播民族樂團、中央民族樂團等模仿交響樂團的職業「民族樂團」出現，增加對二胡專業的需求。
1963年，首屆全國二胡比賽於第4屆上海之春音樂節舉辦。
1970年代，湯良德研製出前八角後圓（方圓）二胡和可調節的半月形音窗。1975年，王國潼與滿瑞興制訂出「扁八」二胡的尺寸為：琴筒長133毫米，前口縱向直徑86毫米，横向直徑92毫米，後口内徑84毫米；琴筒中加裝竹筒以改良高音音色。
1970年代，王國潼與滿瑞興開始研發二泉琴，1980年代閔惠芬與王瑞泉、沈德慶研製成功。
現代二胡作品出現，有《豫北敘事曲》(1959年)、《三門峽暢想曲》(1960年)、二胡協奏曲《長城隨想》(1982年)等。
1980年代中後期，已出版的二胡獨奏曲達數百首，並開始發展敘事曲、協奏曲等大型二胡曲。
臺北市民族器樂大賽、中央電視台民樂大賽等專業比賽相繼舉行。
二胡包括琴身（包括琴桿、琴筒、琴托、皮膜、音窗）、琴弦系统（包括琴弦、弦軸、千斤、琴碼、音垫）和弓（包括弓魚、弓桿、弓毛）。
二胡弓的標準長度為816mm（不含螺絲），其等級以竹材的直徑區分，高級弓的直徑為7±0.5mm，中級弓直徑為7±1mm，普級弓的直徑為6±2mm。規範簡單明瞭卻無法作為製造和選擇的依據，現代的製弓師會製作更長更粗的弓以配合現代人的演奏習慣，也有依照演奏者的要求去製作。
弓的重量、彈性與硬度，會對演奏產生不同效果，二胡演奏家常依照樂曲選擇不同的弓。
1988年，中國就聯合國瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約（CITES）通過保護瀕危物種的法例後，使無牌使用和貿易蟒蛇成為非法活動。為規範使用蟒蛇皮，中國的國家林業局引入東南亞的蟒蛇皮賣家和中國的樂器製造商之間的認證計劃。 2005年1月1日，新規定要求二胡有來自國家林業局發出的證明書，以證明二胡的蟒蛇皮不是來自野生蟒蛇，而是來自農場飼養的蟒蛇。並容許個人因需要可帶2支二胡出中國，商業買家需要額外的出口證書。
中國以外，二胡製造商可自行發出經各自國家政府批准的CITES許可證。這樣的出口是合法的，因為他們已經從合法的來源取得蠎皮。
2005年，香港中樂團時任樂器研究改革主任阮仕春先生研發出「環保胡琴」，以PET聚酯膜替代蟒蛇皮。香港中國樂團聲稱生態胡琴系列不僅大大降低對野生蟒蛇的壓力，也增強了樂器的耐用性。但人造皮二胡的音色相較於蟒皮二胡，聲音較扁平單調。
胡琴作為傳統戲曲之伴奏樂器時，有純四度定弦，如二弦，亦有純五度定弦，如板胡。 在江南蘇州中，二胡有「主音胡琴」和「托音胡琴」之分，主音胡琴定內弦為d'、外弦為a'，周少梅和劉天華均使用主音二胡；托音胡琴定內弦為g、外弦為d'，被採用於傳統江南絲竹，華彥鈞三首傳世二胡曲為托音胡琴定弦。 而現代的二胡，主要是d' a'定弦，但如劉文金的長城隨想，就是c' g'定弦。此外，劉文金的如來夢套曲的第四樂章，是g g'定弦。
左手持琴按弦，右手拉弓，弓毛被置於雙弦之中拉奏。演奏時多採坐姿，於巡遊或應演出需要，可加裝掛鈎，掛於腰間站奏。
弓弦樂器運用琴弓以表達樂曲的表情。
早期的曲目，以民間的音樂為主，往往沒有自己的獨奏曲，而是做為伴奏樂器。在劉天華先生的努力下，二胡有了自己的獨奏曲，二胡走向現代化的第一步，也使胡琴逐漸的規範化。另一方面，民間有著華彥鈞、孫文明等人，曲風婉轉，頗有感傷之情。
往後的樂曲，往往展現著地方的情懷，像是「奔馳在千里草原」、「喜送公糧」和「喜看麥田千層浪」等。這些曲目的地方風格濃厚，且作曲家多半沒有受過專業的訓練，因此樂曲一氣呵成，但作曲的手法應用並不多。在南方，例如「江南春色」、「揚州小調」和「蘇南小曲」等，也將江南的風情刻劃的十分生動。
隨著時間推移，開始有著越來越多的專業作曲家來為二胡譜曲。作曲家們常常應用二胡線條狀的聲響，寫出較抒情的慢板；在快板部分，常常以快速音群來作曲。礙於胡琴雙音只能以五度演奏的限制，二胡曲子的難點往往不是在多聲部或著是和弦。雖說二胡雙音只能演奏五度，但在劉文金如來夢的第四樂章和高韶青的二胡隨想曲第五號——納西中，仍可以看到非五度雙音的段落。
朱芸編

朱芸編（英語：Wan Pin Chu，1990年10月18日—），香港音樂人、二胡演奏家及電影配樂家。曾於2015年10月獲邀請為中華人民共和國領導人習近平伉儷和英國威廉王子伉儷表演二胡，2016年7月再受威廉王子邀請為其私人宴會演奏二胡。他憑二胡在英國威爾斯靈閣嶺國際音樂賽（Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod），及美國公開音樂賽（United States Open Music Competition），兩度奪得國際比賽冠軍。
2017年為郭子健導演的電影《悟空傳》配樂。2019年，為電影《哪吒之魔童降世》和《诛仙 I》配樂。2022年，為ViuTV電視劇《IT狗》配樂。2018年1月26至29日於香港體育館舉行的《一萬天荒愛未老周慧敏30週年演唱會》及於同年6月14至19日《張敬軒降兩度演唱會2018》擔任二胡獨奏表演嘉賓。曾為電影《哥斯拉II：王者巨獸》、《追龍》和《竊聽風雲3》等拉奏二胡。
亲爱的自己

《亲爱的自己》（英語：To Dear Myself）是一部2020年中國大陸都市情感勵志劇，由丁黑、符策欣、任重執導，刘诗诗、朱一龙領銜主演，阚清子、彭冠英、李泽锋、陈米麒聯合主演。2019年10月5日於上海開機，2020年4月10日全劇殺青，2020年9月7日於湖南卫视金鹰独播剧场首播，芒果TV全網獨播。
本劇以「忠於自己，善待他人」為宗旨，探討六位在上海打拚的年輕人，在面臨事業、愛情、親情等現實層面問題，如何正面迎戰並審視自己，從錯誤中調整，從經驗中學習，並淬鍊出更好自己的成長故事。
^ a.10月1日及8日因21:00 - 23:00转播浙江卫视《2020中国好声音》所以只播一集：10月21日播映大结局所以只播一集。
王晴 (藝人)

王晴（英語：Serena Wang，1986年6月25日—），台灣女藝人、演員、模特兒，本名黃于鄉，出生於中華民國福建省金門縣。廣告模特兒出身，後因試鏡獲得演出機會而跨入戲劇圈，作品有《世間情》、《甘味人生》等劇。
王晴排行家中老二，上有姊、下有妹和弟，小學到中學都是學藝股長，跟妹妹一樣愛畫畫；媽媽的曾祖父是白俄羅斯人，因此遺傳到血統，有雙大眼睛，髮色是咖啡色系。因為讀大學來到台北，在學校餐廳和圖書館打工，當時同學想靠外拍賺錢、拉她陪同，逐漸讓她有入行的契機。
王晴－小小(微寫真EP) 1. 無邊際 2. 小小 3. 小小的 演奏曲
有標註TVC為電視廣告；未標註TVC為其他廣告或代言
伊凡·罗伯斯

伊凡·罗伯斯（英語：Evan Roberts，1878年6月8日—1951年9月29日），又譯埃文·羅伯茨，英国人，领导20世纪初空前的威尔斯大复兴（1904-1905）的人物。
伊凡·羅伯斯（Evan John Roberts）出生於1878年6月8日，父母是亨利與哈拿（Henry and Hannah Roberts），生長在加爾文主義的基督教家庭，有一個哥哥。父母對他的教導除了注重知識的吸取外，更是偏重靈命與道德品格的提升，他從小就定期參加教堂禮拜，晚間則勤於誦讀聖經。伊凡從沒讓他的父母失望過，他是一個優秀的孩子，性格非常的傑出，對事情反應也很快，甚至與同年齡的小孩不同，他幾乎不參加學校的課外活動或是比賽，不聊人是非或是講低級笑話，只專心在讀聖經、背誦聖經上，除了工作時間之外，幾乎聖經不離手。
在他年紀還小的時候，因著父親工作受傷，家庭需要有收入，所以他毅然決然的代替父親繼續礦坑的工作。从11岁到23岁，他代替受伤的父亲在煤矿工作，每天早晨，提早到礦坑門口發給每一個進入礦坑的人一句他特別製作的經文，好讓每一個人可以在那天工作的時候思想手中所拿到的經文，甚至，在大家收工之後，還會問大家：「今天神對你說了什麼話？」每天最熱衷的活動就是在礦坑工作結束後，步行到住家附近的摩利亞教會聽道與人分享及交通。因著他的渴慕追求，教會的長老邀請他來參加教會的青年辯論大會，這段時期是他的快樂時光，他甚至買了樂器學習彈奏，好參與教會的服事。
除了熱心追求聖經話語的亮光之外，他還積極的禱告，因為他相信禱告的力量可以改變屬靈的空氣，燃起復興的火花。傳聞，有人看見他在路邊「魂遊象外」，嘴巴還喃喃自語著，常常讀聖經或是忙著禱告以致連飯都忘了吃。被人戲稱是「神秘兮兮的瘋子」或是「宗教狂」。1903年12月，伊凡已經因著參與教會的禱告會、講台的服事佔據他太多時間，以致他神學院的裝備無法完成，雖然沒有完成必修的課程，但卻不影響他愛主的心及證道的內容。他心裡清楚明白神即將要在威爾斯興起極大的宗教復興。
1904年，他開始積極投入教會服事的行列，決定放下自己一切的需要，把神國擺在第一位，他對同工說或是跟弟兄姊妹分享說：「捨棄聖靈，就什麼都不能做」。伊凡·羅伯斯的講道方式，與當時的牧師是極大的不同，他不是固定站在講台後面，乃是會邊說邊走動，還有聚會時他還會跟台下的聽眾互動，問一下他們的想法，關心一下他們的狀況，當時的講道模式是令人覺得不同又有趣的。他還首開先例的訓練出一批代禱者，在他聚會或分享時迫切的禱告，也為教會的復興禱告。不久伊凡受歡迎的程度大大提升，聚會的人數也節節升高，還沒到聚會開始的時間教會已經坐滿了人，聚會結束了，大家都還捨不得離去，正式開始服事後的兩年（1906），他已經成為家喻戶曉的大人物了。
伊凡·羅伯斯只是一个没有多少文化的26岁的青年矿工；但是他带进教会有史以来直到今天，空前的威尔斯大复兴。在威尔斯大复兴中，一年之内共有十万人悔改得救，各阶层中都有人信主,包括赌徒,赛兔者,都来到基督面前。1909年时，某城已经没有人得救，因为这里的人全都得救了。
罗伯斯很快屈服于他的严格的时间表的压力，在1906年，身体和情绪都崩溃了。他在英格兰，他在其赞助人宾路易师母的家中休养，并与她合著了《眾聖徒的争战》（War On The Saints），出版于1913年，教导属灵争战的事。该书被他从前的同伴指责为异端。罗伯斯后来又批判了这本著作。这著作对中国的基督徒领袖倪柝声产生了深远的影响。
1926年，罗伯斯回到威尔士，但是他在其余生，不再讲道，只是写作圣诗，以配合当时的信息。
伊凡·罗伯斯于1951年逝世，享年72岁。他安葬在南威尔士摩利亚小教堂后面的家族 plot。今日，有一根纪念圆柱用以纪念他对这次复兴的贡献。
Liu Tianhua

Liu Tianhua (simplified Chinese: 刘天华; traditional Chinese: 劉天華; pinyin: Liú Tiānhuá; Wade–Giles: Liu T'ien-hua; 1895–1932) was a Chinese musician and composer best known for his innovative work for the erhu. Liu's students, such as Jiang Fengzhi and Chen Zhenduo, continued to contribute to the development of the erhu.
He was the younger brother of the poet Liu Bannong. He died in 1932 at the age of 37.
Liu was a noted erhu and pipa player, and an early pioneer in the modernisation of traditional Chinese music. He joined Cai Yuanpei's Peking University Music Society as an instrumental instructor in 1922. He promoted Chinese music while he was at Peking University, founded the Society for the Improvement of Chinese Music (國樂改進社, Guóyuè Gǎijìnshè) in 1927 and its periodical, the Music Magazine (音樂雜誌, Yīnyuè Zázhì). The society organised classes and formed a musical ensemble to play Chinese music, a forerunner of the modern Chinese orchestra. He made improvements to the traditional fiddle huqin, in particular the erhu, so that it can become an instrument suitable for a modern stage performance, and wrote music for the instrument. He also made changes to the pipa, increasing the number of frets and used an equal-tempered tuning.
Titles in pinyin, Chinese characters and English translation.
Zhonghu

The zhonghu (Chinese: 中胡; pinyin: zhōnghú), short for zhongyin erhu (Chinese: 中音二胡; pinyin: zhōngyīn èrhú; lit. 'alto erhu') is a low-pitched Chinese bowed string instrument. Together with the erhu and gaohu, it is a member of the huqin family. It was developed in the 1940s as the alto member of the huqin family (similar in range to the European viola) to increase the pitch range of the instruments used in a Chinese orchestra.
The zhonghu is analogous with the erhu, but is slightly larger and lower pitched. Its body is covered on the playing end with snakeskin. The instrument has two strings which are generally tuned to the interval of a fifth, to A and E or to G and D (this latter tuning equivalent to the violin's lowest two strings). It has a deep, mellow sound similar to that of the cello.
Composer Jeremy Zuckerman has used the Zhonghu in critically acclaimed shows' music such as Avatar: The Last Airbender and The Legend of Korra. Specifically, he has said in the podcast Song Exploder that along with the erhu, the Zhonghu was used in The Legend of Korra's series finale music.
Caihua

Caihua (Chinese: 彩畫; pinyin: cǎihuà), or "colour painting", is the traditional Chinese decorative painting or polychrome used for architecture and one of the most notable and important features of historical Chinese architecture. It held a significant artistic and practical role within the development of East-Asian architecture, as Caihua served not only decoration but also protection of the predominantly wooden architecture from various seasonal elements and hid the imperfections of the wood itself. The use of different colours or paintings would be according to the particular building functions and local regional customs, as well as historical periods. The choice of colours and symbology are based on traditional Chinese philosophies of the Five Elements and other ritualistic principles. The Caihua is often separated into three layer structures; timber or lacquer layer, plaster layer, and pigment layer.
The origins of Caihua can be traced back to the Zhou dynasty, as the Zuo Zhuan and Guliang Zhuan detailed:
The Rites of Zhou similarly records a ritualistic usage of motifs and colour, based on each respective aspects' corresponding symbolic value.
Ryan Stevenson (singer)

Ryan Dale Stevenson (born January 21, 1979) is an American Christian music singer, musician and guitarist, who primarily plays a contemporary Christian music and worship style of music. His record label is Gotee Records, co-owned by Christian music artist tobyMac. He released three extended plays, Yesterday, Today, Forever, with BEC Recordings, Champion of the World, independently, and Hold Nothing Back, with Gotee Records. His first studio album, Fresh Start, was released on September 18, 2015, with Gotee Records. He's had five songs chart on the Billboard charts, "Holding Nothing Back", "The Human Side", "Not Forgotten", "All Yours" and "Eye of the Storm".
Ryan Dale Stevenson was born on January 21, 1979 in Bonanza, Oregon, to James and Phyllis; he has an older sister, Janay. They raised him in the church, exposing him to hymns at an early age. He was given his first instrument, a guitar, at 18 years old. Stevenson credits his mother as the one who fostered his musical skills while growing up, through her prayers and support for his chosen profession. His mother died of bone cancer on October 3, 2009, at 58 years old. He attended Northwest Christian College, where he honed his musical talent with his roommate, Paul Wright. They formed a small band, primarily focusing on acoustic music and performing at local restaurants in and around Eugene, Oregon.
His music career commenced in 2003. However, his first release, an independently made album, Running to You, was not released, until June 12, 2007, by Off the Vine Music. He released, The Undiscovered, independently in 2010. The first extended play, Yesterday, Today, Forever, was released on February 15, 2011, with BEC Recordings. He released, a second extended play, Champion of the World, independently, on July 1, 2012. His third extended play, Holding Nothing Back, was released on September 10, 2013, from Gotee Records. Stevenson's songs have appeared on the Billboard magazine charts six-times, with two placing on two charts the Christian Songs and Christian Airplay, and those songs are "Holding Nothing Back", "The Human Side", "Not Forgotten", and "All Yours". The first studio album, Fresh Start, was released on September 18, 2015, by Gotee Records and featured the 15-week No. 1 single "Eye of the Storm". In 2018, he also released No Matter What.
He is married to Kim. Stevenson was the worship minister at Vertical Church. Before his music career began, Stevenson had been a paramedic for seven years.
GMA Dove Awards