davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Vuelta a Colombia Femenina

The Vuelta a Colombia Femenina is an annual women's cycling road race, run over many stages in Colombia. The first event in 2016 was classed as an amateur category event, whereas the 2017 event was given a UCI 2.2 category. Colombian Ana Sanabria has won the race on three occasions, the most of any rider.
The idea for a Vuelta a Colombia Femenina had been considered for many years by the Colombian Cycling Federation, who organised the men's Vuelta a Colombia event. The Vuelta a Colombia Femenina is supported by Coldeportes, a Colombian Government Organisation for the promotion of sport and private enterprise. After the 2016 Vuelta a Colombia Femenina, the Colombian Cycling Federation announced that the 2017 Vuelta a Colombia Femenina Oro y Paz would be upgraded to a UCI 2.2 event.
The 2017 event ran between 24 and 29 October. The race began with a 6.6 kilometres (4.1 mi) prologue time trial around Zarzal, before stages in the traditional municipalities of Valle del Cauca, including the cities of Buga and Cartago, Risaralda and Caldas. The last stage finished at the Plaza de Toros de Manizales. Ana Sanabria won the race for the second year in a row.
The 2018 event ran between 10 and 14 October, with one time trail, two medium mountain stages, and two flat stages. The route passed through Cundinamarca, Boyacá, and Santander. The race was won for a third time by Ana Sanabria.
The 2019 event passed through Caldas, Risaralda and Valle del Cauca, and the final stage was a 74 kilometres (46 mi) circuit of Pereira. The race was won by Chilean Aranza Villalón, the first non-Colombian to do so.
The 2020 event ran from 7 to 11 November, started in Cómbita, and ended in Boyacá. It passed through Vélez. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all competitors and team staff had to undertake multiple coronavirus tests. The race was won by Ecuadorian Miryam Nuñez, who took the leader's jersey on stage two, and held it for the rest of the race.
The 2021 event ran from 28 September to 3 October. Five of the six stages were in Meta Department. The race started in Villavicencio, and the final stage involved seven circuits of a course in Bogotá National Park. The race was won by Venezuelan Lilibeth Chacón, by a margin of one minute and 54 seconds. Chacón won the third stage, an individual time trial from Castilla la Nueva to Acacías, and won the stage to Alto de Buenavista the next day, taking the leader's jersey in the general classification in the process. Chacón also won the points and mountains classifications.
The 2022 event ran from 9 to 14 August. The race started in Sopó, and travelled through the departments of Cundinamarca, Boyacá and Santander, finishing in Bucaramanga. The race was won by Colombian Diana Peñuela, who won four of the six stages, and held the leader's jersey throughout. Lina Hernández and Anet Barrera finished second and third respectively, whilst Ana Sanabria won the mountains classification.
Señal Colombia

Señal Colombia (Spanish pronunciation: [seɲˈal kolˈombja]) is a Colombian public Terrestrial television channel, which offers opinion, informative, entertainment, educational, sports and cultural content and is part of RTVC Sistema de Medios Públicos.
Señal Colombia began its broadcasts on February 9, 1970 as Channel 11 (because it was broadcast on frequency 11 of the VHF band of Bogotá) in order to provide educational and popular programming for adults, imitating the television model of the BBC with two national channels: the first of a general nature and the second with a more cultural and minority focus. In this way, in Colombia Televisora Nacional de Colombia would be the generalist channel and Channel 11 the cultural channel.
The first images of the channel were produced from the auditorium of Inravisión. During the inauguration of Channel 11, the communications minister of the time, Antonio Díaz García, and the director of the National Television of Colombia, Fernando Restrepo Suárez. In the words of the director of the National Televisora de Colombia, the channel "would not be a formula to bridge cultural gaps nor did it intend to replace the work of the teacher, but it would serve as a great audiovisual aid to fill those cultural gaps present in all levels of education".
After the private station Teletigre was expropriated by the State in 1971, it expanded its coverage nationwide in January 1974 and was replaced by Segunda Cadena, while Televisora Nacional was rebranded Primera Cadena; and Channel 11 changes its name to Tercera Cadena or "Channel of public interest".
In 1984, Channel 3 is renamed Network 3 - Channel of public interest; Finally, in 1992 it changed its name to Channel 3 (with a launch event at the National Museum) and from December 1995 it acquired its current name as Señal Colombia.
On March 21, 2021, the newscast RTVC Noticias was launched and that this is the second State newscast of Colombian television after Tele Noticias for the programming of Audiovisuales.
Since its inception, the channel has always had a vocation for public service, broadcasting cultural and educational programming. During the last years of Inravisión, Señal Colombia broadcast sessions of the Senate and the House of Representatives, in addition to other programs of an institutional nature, but in 2004 this programming was transferred to Canal Institucional, which replaced Canal A (former Second Chain).
Señal Colombia broadcasts children's programs, documentaries, family films, international films and independent films, newscasts, fiction, among other things. This has made the channel considerably increase its popularity.
The channel has broadcast numerous national and international sporting events, such as the Olympic Games, Paralympic Games, Pan American Games, Central American and Caribbean Games, Bolivarian Games, and National Games of Colombia, as well as the Grand Tours and other road cycling races.
Renato Albornoz

Renato Albornoz Moreno, cantautor, compositor, guitarrista, productor musical, nacido en Cuenca, Ecuador, el 23 de agosto de 1966. Sus primeras creaciones musicales las realizó en Guayaquil, donde vivió a finales de los ochenta y mantuvo una activa vida musical en centros nocturnos y como creativo de spots publicitarios en esa ciudad.
En 1992 clasifica al festival OTI Capítulo Ecuador como autor, compositor e intérprete, quedando entre los doce finalistas con su canción “Amigo de la Luna”, que fue dirigida por el maestro Luis Torres Gómez. En 1994 regresa a Cuenca donde reanuda su vida artística en esa localidad. Entre sus composiciones está “Ciudad de Mil Aleros”,​ canción que describe su ciudad de una forma real y poética, tema que pasó a formar parte de las canciones símbolo de esa urbe Ecuatoriana.
En el año 2002 se hace acreedor a la presea Francisco Paredes Herrera por su trabajo en el ámbito creativo musical.​
Entre sus producciones están: Renato y sus amigos en Tapitas y Canciones Un trabajo en el que participan varios cantantes que compartieron con él en su bar, la bohemia y el hermoso paisaje de El Barranco de Cuenca. Un bolero son y rumba​ es otra producción que la realizó bajo la dirección de Freddy Abad C., músico cuencano que compartió también la producción musical de De mil aleros,​ junto a músicos como: Edgardo Neira, Aníbal Romero, Javier Gómez, Danilo Abad, Renato Zamora.
Entre las producciones destacadas de Renato Albornos se encuentran: Cantares,​ CD que incluye a varios cantantes de su ciudad. "La Vida" es otro álbum interesante en el que se hace una variada recopilación de sus interpretaciones, temas de vario autores.
También realizó la producción Poesía de Eugenio Moreno Heredia en la cual declama algunos de los poemas de este literato cuencano.​​
Sus canciones se las puede encontrar en diferentes plataformas como Spotify o Youtube.
Huevos rellenos

Los huevos rellenos (en inglés: deviled eggs, huevos endiablados) son un plato elaborado con huevos duros aliñados con diferentes ingredientes.​ Es habitual que se presenten rellenos de algún contenido que puede ir desde pescado, encurtidos, salsas (como la mayonesa, ketchup, etc.), pasta, etc. Por regla general este plato se sirve acompañado de otros aliños.
Esta preparación posee diversos nombres en los países. De esta forma, en la cocina francesa se denominan œuf mimosa (huevos mimosa); en Hungría töltött tojás; en Rumania ouă umplute ("huevos rellenos"). En Bélgica, Holanda y Alemania se rellenan con caviar y se denominan "huevos a la rusa".
Machacado con huevo

El machacado con huevo o huevo con machaca es un plato típico en algunas zonas del norte de México. Consiste de un preparado con carne seca de res desmenuzada, huevos y en ocasiones salsa picante. Se fríe todo revuelto en una sartén con aceite de maíz o en ocasiones con manteca de puerco previamente calentada. Se acostumbra comer con tortillas de harina de trigo.​
Se dice que antes de la llegada de los españoles, los habitantes del norte de México comían este alimento, elaborándolo generalmente de carne seca de venado. La carne secada al sol es una técnica de conservación de alimentos, por lo que es suficiente para que se mantenga en buen estado. Los indígenas acostumbraban llevar consigo rollos de esta carne como provisión en sus viajes, y después la comían tal cual. Estas tribus acostumbraban recolectar huevos de codorniz mismos que adicionaron a la carne de venado seca ya machacada con piedras previamente.​​
Una de las leyendas del origen de este platillo indican que en el siglo XVII el norte de México las principales actividades económicas eran la minería y la ganadería. La historia cuenta que los mineros, cansados de comer la carne seca sola encargaron a una cocinera variar la rutina, por lo que ella decidió combinar la carne seca con chiles, cebolla, tomates y huevos, dando origen a la receta como se conoce hasta ahora.​​
Otra de las historias atribuye su origen al año 1928 en el municipio de Ciénega de Flores en el estado de Nuevo León. De acuerdo con la leyenda, en esa zona Doña Fidencia Quiroga apodada Tía Lencha tenía un pequeño restaurante llamado Merendero Quiroga. Al tratar de sacar adelante su negocio y ofrecer nuevos alimentos a los ingenieros y constructores de la carretera libre a Laredo comenzó a implementar la carne seca ya que era de fácil conservación. Comenzó a guisarla con manteca de puerco, chile, tomate, cebolla y huevos, dando como resultado el platillo que se conoce ahora. Este platillo comenzó a hacerse famoso entre los habitantes y trabajadores de la zona al ser un almuerzo completo rico en proteínas y vitaminas. Se dice que con el paso de los años la fama de este platillo aumentó de nivel y se extendió por todo el estado de Nuevo León y el norte de México.​​​
Es un platillo abundante y nutritivo, rico en proteínas. Es considerado en todo el norte de México como uno de los principales platos de la cocina tradicional como Nuevo León, Tamaulipas y Coahuila. Existen variaciones de este plato gastronómico en los estados de Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Baja California, Baja California Sur y Durango al norte de México.​​
La receta tradicional se basa en aquella preparada por Tía Lencha en Ciénega de Flores, Nuevo León.
La carne es salada, por lo que no requiere agregar sal a la receta. El punto de cocción depende del gusto personal.​​ Este platillo suele acompañarse con tortillas de harina de trigo o de maíz, frijoles refritos, y salsa verde o roja. En ocasiones de puede decorar con unas rebanadas de aguacate. El maridaje es con café, jugo de frutas, o aguas frescas.​
Top Chef: San Francisco

Top Chef: San Francisco, originally titled simply as Top Chef, is the first season of the American reality television series Top Chef. It was first filmed in San Francisco, California, before concluding in Las Vegas, Nevada. The season premiered on March 8, 2006, and ended on May 24, 2006. The show featured chefs from around the United States living together in one house and competing in a series of culinary challenges. The prizes for the winner of the competition included a feature in Food & Wine Magazine, a showcase at the annual Food & Wine Classic in Aspen, Colorado, a Kenmore Elite kitchen set, and US$100,000. The series was hosted by Katie Lee Joel, in her only season as host, and judged by chef Tom Colicchio and food writer Gail Simmons. In the season finale, Harold Dieterle was declared the winner over runner-up Tiffani Faison.
Twelve chefs competed in Top Chef: San Francisco.
Tiffani Faison and Stephen Asprinio returned to compete in Top Chef: All-Stars. Faison later competed in Top Chef Duels. Lee Anne Wong returned for Top Chef: Colorado, competing in the Last Chance Kitchen, and Top Chef: All-Stars L.A.
List of ancient dishes

This is a list of ancient dishes, prepared foods and beverages that have been recorded as originating in ancient history. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with Sumerian cuneiform script, the oldest discovered form of coherent writing from the protoliterate period around 3,000 to 2,900 years BCE.
Ancient history can be defined as occurring from the beginning of recorded human history to:
Although the end date of what constitutes ancient history is disputed, some Western scholars use the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE (the most used), the closure of the Platonic Academy in 529 CE, the death of the emperor Justinian I in 565 CE, the spread of Islam in 610 CE or the rise of Charlemagne as the end of ancient and Classical European history. This list does not contain entries that originated after this period.
Archeologists and food historians have recreated some dishes using ancient recipes.
This section is limited to dishes that originated during the time of ancient history (the beginning of recorded human history) up to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE.
This section includes dishes, foods and beverages that originated during the time of ancient history from 477 CE to 1500 CE (prior to the Postclassical Era).
Different areas besides Iran (Persia) in the world have now spun this dish into numerous different variations – including, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Georgia, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Russia, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary – the dish and its origins, however, come from ancient Persia and the recipe can be dated as far back as at the very least 400 BCE as it was mentioned on Cuneiform Tablets during the Persian period. Abgoosht and its variants with localised recipes are the national dishes of a number of countries worldwide.
Honey and alcohols, among others, have been one of the oldest found edible foods. For example, ancient Egyptian honey has been found and consumed.
Ancient cuisines
List articles
Tofali bichi

Tofali bichi ni tofali lililokaushwa hewani bila kulichoma. Matofali ya udongo yanajulikana tangu mwaka 9000 KK hivi ingawa tangu 4000 KK matofali yalichomwa pia kuongeza nguvu na uimara. Ila tu katika mazingira yenye mvua kidogo matofali mabichi hutumiwa hadi leo.
Hutengenezwa kwa kutumia udongo mzito kiasi pamoja na maji; mara nyingi huchanganywa na ubua unaolifanya kuwa imara zaidi.
Matope yanayotokea yanaweza kupewa umbo maalumu kwa mkono. Nyumba ndogo zinaweza kujengwa kwa kuweka udongo uliopewa umbo kwa mkono mahali pake bila kuukausha kwanza. Ukuta wa aina hiyo hujengwa polepole ili sehemu ya chini ya ukuta ipate nafasi ya kukauka kiasi hadi tabaka jipya linaongezwa juu yake.
Vinginevyo vipande vya udongo hupokea maumbo tofauti, mara mviringo, mara silinda, mara kimstatili na kuwekwa chini ili vikauke.
Mbinu inayoruhusu kuharakisha kazi ni matumizi ya kalibu yanayoleta pia matofali ya ukubwa wa pamoja.
Wakati mwingine yametumiwa pamoja na matofali ya kuchomwa kwa shabaha ya kupunguza gharama upande mmoja na kuongeza kinga dhidi ya mvua kwa upande mwingine. Njia nyingine ni kutumia lipu.
Matumizi ya matofali mabichi yamepatikana tangu miaka elfu kadhaa. Mifano ya mapema ni nyumba mjini Yeriko zilizojengwa miaka 9,000 iliyopita. Inaonekana kwamba tekinolojia hiyo imetambuliwa katika maeneo mbalimbali ya Dunia kwa kujitegemea, kama vile Mashariki ya Kati, Afrika, Amerika na China.
Pamoja na matofali mabichi kuna pia maeneo ambako nyumba zimetengenezwa kwa kutumia udongo moja kwa moja. Afrika ya Kaskazini ni maarufu kwa nyumba zake za udongo uliokandamizwa tabaka kwa tabaka.
Katika maeneo yaliyoshawishiwa na Hispania, ujenzi wa matofali mabichi huitwa adobe.
Piramidi ya Jua huko Teotihuacan nchini Meksiko na hekalu la Huaca del Sol huko Peru hutajwa kama majengo makubwa za adobe katika mabara ya Amerika.
Mahali pengi duniani matofali mabichi yanaendelea kutumiwa, hasa katika tabianchi yabisi (pasipo mvua nyingi) na pale ambako kuni au fueli ya kuchomea ni haba.
Katika miaka ya nyuma nyumba zinajengwa tena pia Marekani na Ulaya kwa kutumia matofali mabichi yasiyochomwa
Wakati mwingine mitambo ya kusongolea udongo hutumiwa, pamoja na kuongeza saruji kidogo kwenye udongo mbichi. (linganisha en:compressed earth block).
Uoto asilia

Uoto asilia (au Uoto wa asili) ni mimea yote inayoota kiasili, tofauti na ile inayooteshwa na binadamu. Kwa hali hiyo uoto wa asili huhusiana moja kwa moja na tabia ya nchi, kwa mfano nyasi, msitu, vichaka na mbuga.
Msitu ni mkusanyiko wa miti mirefu na mikubwa ambayo huota sehemu kubwa kwa kukaribiana na vichaka ambavyo ni miti midogomidogo na mifupi iliyokusanyika kwa pamoja sana na mbuga ni uoto wa kisavana ambao ni kama nyasi.
Uoto wa asili ni matokeo ya athari za hali ya hewa, ambayo nayo huhusiana na kuathiriwa na sura ya nchi. Kwa mfano misitu minene hustawi katika sehemu za milima zenye mvua nyingi.
Aina na kiasi cha uoto wa asili hubadilika kadiri mvua inavyobadilika. WUtunzaji wa uoto wa asilia ni njia bora ya kuwezesha maisha ya afya katika jamii kwa maana kupitia njia mbalimbali za uoto wa asili kuna mvua, hewa nzuri, makazi ya wanyama. na kama utunzaji wetu wa uoto wa asilia utakuwa bora, basi utatusaidia sisi pamoja na vizazi vijavyo mbeleni.
Nyumba Ntobhu

Nyumba Ntobhu (maana yake "nyumba bila mwanamume") ni aina ya muungano wa jadi usio wa mapenzi ya jinsia moja miongoni mwa wanawake wa Kikuria wa Mkoa wa Mara nchini Tanzania; ushirikiano huundwa kati ya wanawake wakubwa, kwa kawaida wajane wasio na vizazi vya kiume, na wanawake wadogo wasio na watoto, wanaojulikana kama mokamööna (mabinti wakwe).
Nyumba ya Sanaa

Nyumba ya Sanaa ni duka maalumu kwa ajili ya wasanii wa Tanzania kuonyesha na kuuza kazi zao za sanaa walizobuni wao wenyewe. Mwanzilishi wa Nyumba ya Sanaa ni Sr. Jean Pruitt ambaye ni Sista anayefanya kazi na shirika la Maryknoll sisters chini ya kanisa Katoliki nchini Tanzania.
Nyumba ya Sanaa ilianzia shughuli zake mtaa wa Mansfield uliopo nyuma ya kanisa kuu la Mtakatifu Joseph. Sr. Jean Pruitt alianzisha Nyumba ya sanaa mwaka 1971 pale Mtaa wa Mansfield, baada ya kukusanya vijana na kuanza kufanya kazi za sanaa. Wazo hili la Sr. Jean lilizaa matunda na kazi za sanaa zilizokuwa zinafanywa na vijana kuonekana na jamii pamoja na Taifa. Baada ya kazi zilizokuwa zinafanywa na vijana chini ya Sr. Jean Puitt kuonekana zina manufaaa zaidi kwa Taifa la Tanzania, Nyumba ya Sanaa ilizinduliwa na Mwalimu J.K.Nyerere mwaka 1972 hapo hapo mtaa wa Mansfield. Katika harakati za kuipanua Nyumba ya Sanaa Sr. Jean Pruitt alisaidia kupatikana kwa wafadhili kwa ajili ya kujenga jengo ambalo lingeweza kuchukua wasanii wengi kwani ofisi ya mtaa wa Mansfield ilikuwa ndogo. Mwalimu J.K.Nyerere alitoa kiwanja kilichopo makutano ya barabara za Alli Hassani Mwinyi na Ohio na Nyumba ya Sanaa ikajengwa hapo. Jengo hili jipya la Nyumba ya Sanaa lilianza kujengwa mwaka 1981, na lilizinduliwa rasmi na Mwalimu J.K.Nyerere mwaka 1982. Na mwaka uliofuata 1 Mei 1983 wafanyakazi walihamia jengo hili jipya llilopo Upanga mtaa wa Ohio wakitokea mtaa wa Mansfield. Sr. Jean Pruitt alianzisha Nyumba ya Sanaa kama sehemu ambayo vijana wasanii watabuni na wataonyesha kazi zao za sanaa ili ziweze kutambulika kitaifa na kimataifa na kuziuza ili waweze kuondokana na umasikini. Ndani ya nyumba ya Sanaa maonyesho mbalimbali ya kitamaduni huonyeshwa na ni eneo muhimu ambapo unaweza kuona ngoma mbalimbali za kitamaduni za jamii mbalimbali za Tanzania.
Nyumba ya Sanaa imeibua vipaji vya wasanii wengi sana kwa upande wa uchoraji na utengenezaji wa nguo za Batik. Miongoni mwa wasanii maarufu wajulikanao kitaifa na kimataifa walioibuliwa pale Nyumba ya Sanaa ni George Lilanga, Francis Patrick Imanjama, Augustino Malaba, Robino Ntila n.k.
Nyumba ya Sanaa
Nyumba ya Wawakilishi ya Marekani

Nyumba ya Wawakilishi ya Marekani (kwa Kiingereza: United States House of Representatives) ni sehemu ya bunge la Marekani (US Congress) linaloamua kuhusu sheria za Muungano wa Madola ya Amerika. Tawi lingine la Bunge ni Senati ya Marekani. Kuna jumla ya wabunge 435 katika Nyumba ya Wawakilishi.
Idadi ya wawakilishi kutoka kila mojawapo kati ya majimbo ya Marekani, ambayo ni 50, hutegemea idadi ya wakazi katika jimbo hilo, lakini kuna mwakilishi angalau mmoja kwa kila jimbo.
Kila baada miaka 10, kuna sensa ya kitaifa na ugawaji wa idadi ya wawakilishi huangaliwa upya baada ya sensa kwa kupunguza au kuongeza idadi kwa majimbo husika kulingana na hesabu hiyo.
Wawakilishi hukutana ndani ya jengo la Capitol mjini Washington, DC.
Mwenyekiti wa Nyumba ya Wawakilishi ana cheo cha spika, na spika kwenye mwaka 2020 ni Nancy Pelosi.
Kulingana na Katiba ya Marekani, sheria zote zinazohusu mapato na matumizi ya serikali zinaanza kujadiliwa katika Nyumba ya Wawakilishi.
Wawakilishi wana pia mamlaka ya kufungua mashtaka dhidi ya maafisa wa kitaifa kama vile rais au majaji wa mahakama kuu.
Nyumba kwa sasa ina wawakilishi kutoka Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani (Democratic Party) 233, Chama cha Jamhuri cha Marekani (Republican Party) 196, Chama cha Libertarian 1 na wabunge 5 wasioshikamana na chama chochote.
Nyumba ya wageni

Nyumba ya wageni (pia "gesti" kutoka Kiing. guest house) ni jengo penye nafasi za kukodi kwa kulala wageni.
Ndani yake kuna sehemu ya mapokezi, vyumba vya kulala na nafasi za bafu. Mara nyingi huwa pia na sehemu ya kupata chakula au angalau vinywaji.
Kuna aina nyingi tofauti za nyumba za wageni. Zile zenye nafasi nzuri zinafanana na hoteli zikiwa na vyumba vyenye kitanda kimoja au viwili na bafu la pekee kwa kila chumba, mara nyingi pia simu na TV ya chumbani pamoja na huduma ya intaneti.
Kinyume chake kuna pia nyumba zenye nafasi za kimsingi kabisa kama vyumba vikubwa vyenye vitanda vingi, bafu na choo kimoja tu kwa wageni wote na kadhalika.
Kwa kawaida nyumba ya wageni ni ndogo kuliko hoteli na huwa na nafasi duni zaidi.
Neno hosteli lamaanisha mara nyingi aina za nyumba ya wageni zilizojengwa hasa kwa ajili ya vijana. Kuna chama cha kimataifa cha hosteli za vijana; hosteli hizi zina nafasi za ulala kwa bei ndogo; katika nchi nyingi ni sharti kuwa na kadi ya uanachama kwa kulala hapa.
Neno Hostel atumiwa pia kwa malalo ya wanafunzi au wafanyakazi wa kiwanda wasio safarini.
Nyuma za wageni zimejulikana katika historia ya wanadamu tangu milenia. Nyumba ya wageni mashuhri sana ni ile ya Bethlehemu ambako Yosefu na Mariamu walikosa nafasi wakati wa kuzaliwa kwake Yesu. Kote ambako walianza kwenda safari za mbali haja ya kuwa na malalo ya kukodisha ilijitokeza.
Kati ya nyumba za wageni mashuhuri za historia ni karavansarai za Uajemi na nchi za Mashariki ya Kati zilizojengwa kwenye barabara kwa umbali wa mwendo wa siku 1; zilikuwa na nafasi za kupokea wasafiri pamoja na nyama zao n kuwapatia malalo na chakula. Shah Abbas I wa Uajemi hukumbukwa kwa kujenga zaidi ya karavansarai 400 nchini mwake.
2024 Mai Mahiu flash flood

On 29 April 2024, a blockage in a culvert beneath a railway embankment led to a catastrophic failure and inundation in Kenya, killing at least 50 people. The event was initially described as a 'dam failure'. The flood occurred following heavy rains in the previous month that killed over 300 people. Casualties came from the town of Mai Mahiu, where another 84 people were reported missing, and 109 people were hospitalized.
The flood was initially attributed by police as triggered by a dam burst. Kenya's government later said the cause was debris blockage at a river tunnel beneath a railway embankment. The debris consisted of stones, trees and mud accumulated from past rain. Officials clarified that no dam is present in the region and the closest dam, Matches Dam, was stable. The area lies in a region of the Great Rift Valley that is susceptible to flash floods. The water ministry said the flood carried away the railway embankment and poured downstream at "a very high speed and velocity".
As of 1 May, at least 50 people were known to have died and another 84 were missing. Seventeen bodies were of children. Officials said the number of dead is a "conservative estimate" as more bodies were thought to be buried under mud. One survivor said he was awakened by his home shaking and screams; he managed to escape with his family before the flood arrived. Kamuchiri and Kianugu, two small settelements, were also affected.
As of 7 May, the death toll stood at 61.
Rescuers sifted through debris to recover survivors in the town of Mai Mahiu. The injured were treated by medical porsonnel. The Kenya Red Cross Society said 109 people were hospitalized.
The Red Cross also established a helpdesk for families to locate missing relatives. Some bodies were found stuck in trees while an unknown number were believed to be buried under mud.
To prevent similar disasters, Kithure Kindiki, the interior minister, demanded that all public and private dams and water reservoirs be inspected within 24 hours beginning from the afternoon of 29 April. The nation's highway authority also advised motorists about debris and heavy traffic on roads in the Naivasha and Narok area. On X (formerly Twitter), he said arrests would be made for attempts to cross or transport people across flooded rivers or storm water via unsafe modes.
Халтар манан хөөрөг (З.Түмэнжаргал, С.Баатарсүх)

Хөгжим: С.Баатарсүх
Шүлэг: З.Түмэнжаргал
ХАЛТАР МАНАН ХӨӨРӨГ
Эргэн эргэн золгох бүрийдээ
Эрдэнийн чулуун хөөрөг зөрүүлнэ ээ
Эцэг өвгөдийн минь заншил сахисан
Эрхмийн дээд тэмдэг юм аа хө
Дт: Хайртай л аавын минь үнэр шингэсэн
Халтар манан хөөрөг юм аа хө ...
Учран учран золгох бүрийдээ
Уран чулуун хөөрөг зөрүүлнэ ээ
Эрийн жудгаар нөхрөө хүндэлсэн
Ээнэгхэн сэтгэлийн тэмдэг юм аа хө
Дт: Хайрхан уулын минь бүлээн хэлтэрхий
Халтар манан хөөрөг юм аа хө ...
Ахин ахин золгох бүрийдээ
Алтнаас цэнэтэй хөөрөг зөрүүлнэ ээ
Амин хэлхээ нутгаа тахисан
Андгай журмын тэмдэг юм аа хө
Дт: Халуун өвөртөө хадгалж явдаг л
Халтар манан хөөрөг юм аа хө
Энэ дуу 1993 онд төржээ. Хөгжмийг зохиосон С.Баатарсүх бурхны оронд явсан аавыгаа санан, хөөргийг нь бариад сууж байхад энэ дууны аялгуу ороод ирэхэд нь З.Түмэнжаргалыгаа дуудаж шүлэг бичүүлсэн хэмээн дурсдаг. Тэрээр энэ дуугаа "Хөөрөгний тухай бараг анхны дуу байх шүү" хэмээсэн байдаг.
Шүлгийг бичсэн Загдын Түмэнжаргал арван хэдтэй залуу хүү байхдаа С.Баатарсүхийн "Цэнхэр залаа" гитарын гоцлол анх гараад яваад эхлэнгүүт гоё санагдаад байхаар нь "Цэцгэн заяа" нэртэй шүлэг бичиж ирсэн нь "Цэцгэн зүйрлэл" дуу болж дуучин Х.Галхүүгийн дуулснаар нийтэд түгсэн сонирхолтой түүх байдаг.
Жич: Дуучин СТА Т.Аминагийн урын сангийн хит бүтээлүүдийн нэг, диско бүжгийн хэмнэлтэй шинэ жилийн поп дуу "00" цаг нь хоёр уран бүтээлчийн маань хамтын бүтээл юм.
Энэ дуу МУГЖ Д.Сосорбарам, дуучин Г.Мөнхбаяр, Б.Батжаргал (СТА), Б.Батчулуун, П.Баярмагнай зэрэг уран бүтээлчдийн урын санд орж дуулагдсан байдаг.
YouTube, 2022-12-26, ХАЛТАР МАНАН ХӨӨРӨГ МУСТА Дуучин П.Баярмагнай
Хаш

Хаш гэдэг бол газрын гүний чулуулаг бөгөөд ихэвчлэн гүн ногоон өнгөтэй байдаг. Хаш чулуугаар монголчууд эрт дээр үеэс хөөрөг хийж ирсэн бөгөөд уг чулуугаар хийсэн хөөрөг маш үнэтэйд тооцогддог.
Цагаанхайрхан сум (Завхан)

Завхан аймгийн нэгэн сумыг Цагаанхайрхан гэнэ. Онц, Баянбулаг, Цэцэрлэг, Агьт гэх 4 багтай.
Завхан аймгийн Цагаанхайрхан сумын нутаг дэвсгэр нь 18-р зууны эхэн үе хүртэл Халхын Түшээт хан аймгийн Эрдэнэвангийн хошуунд харьяалагдаж байснаа 1712 онд тасарч, Хошууч бэйсийн хошуу болон улмаар 1725 онд Сайн ноён хан аймаг байгуулахад түүнд харьяалагдаж байжээ. 1921 оноос Сайн ноён хан аймгийн Хошууч засгийн хошуунд ,1923 оноос Хантайшир уулын аймгийн Отгонхайрхан уулын хошуунд багтаж байжээ. БНМАУ-ын Бага хурлын тэргүүлэгчдийн 1931 оны 2-р сарын 7-ны өдрийн хурлаар Завхан аймгийг 21 сумтай байгуулсны нэг нь Цагаанхайрхан сум байсан юм. 1931 онд Отгонхайрхан уулын хошууны тэр үеийн Агьт, Арц, Биндэр, Гэрэл, Сант сумдыг нэгтгэж нэг сум байгуулан Цагаанхайрхан сум гэж нэрлэсэн байна. Цагаанхайрхан, Шилүүстэй сумаас 1952 онд Цагаанчулуут сумыг таслан байгуулаад, 1956 онд буцаан нийлүүлж, 1959 онд дахин салгаж байгуулсан байдаг. Ширээгийн голын хөвөөнд сумын төв байдаг.
1921 онд арван өрх нэг даргатай, таван арван айл нэг баг, гурван баг нэг сум болон зохион байгуулагдаж байх үед 5 сум байсан бөгөөд үүнд:
Цагаанхайрхан сум 1931 онд байгуулагдах үед “Цагаанхайрхан сумын захиргаа” гэж нэрлэгдэн, тасгийн хэлбэрээр зохион байгуулагдсан нь сумын төр захиргааны анхны байгууллага байв. 1933 онд тасаг өөрчлөгдөж 9 баг, 659 өрх, 2868 хүн ам, 66,4 толгой малтай зохион байгуулагдсан байна. Тухайн үед дарга, нарийн бичгийн дарга, зарлага гэсэн 3 орон тоотой байв.
Ардчилал шинэчлэлийн жилүүдэд төрийн байгууллагын үйл ажиллагааны чиглэл үндсээрээ өөрчлөгдөж, нам аж ахуйн ажилтай хутгалдахгүйгээр цэвэр төрийн ажлаа гүйцэтгэх чиг үүрэгтэй болсон билээ. Суманд төсвийн 6 байгуулага, Хаан банк, Шуудан холбоо, Мал эмнэлэг, Шатахуун түгээх станц зэрэг салбаруудтай. Хөөрөг, Хөрст тал, Ширээ чулуу, Агь зэрэг хоршоотой. Биндэрхайрхан ХХкомпани болон Цэцэрлэг, Онц хайрхан, Ихмянган, Баянцагаан, Тодмагнай, Баянбулаг зэрэг дэлгүүр, Сэнгүн кафетай.
2010 байдлаар тус сум 1430 хүн амтай, 37080 толгой малтай. Нийт 416 өрхийн 269 малчин өрх. Үүнээс, Онц багийн малчин өрх -69, Баянбулаг багийн малчин өрх -85, Цэцэрлэг багийн малчин өрх-99, Агьт багийн малчин өрх -16 байв.
Их-Уул сум (Хөвсгөл)

Их-Уул сум нь урд талаараа Рашаант, баруун талаараа Тосонцэнгэл, хойд талаараа Түнэл, зүүн талаараа Тариалан зэрэг сумдтай хил залгадаг Хөвсгөл аймгийн сум юм. Аймгийн төвөөсөө 112 км, нийслэл Улаанбаатараас 589 км зайтай. 1198 өрхийн 4200 гаруй оршин суугчтай байсны ихэнх нь халх, хотгойдууд болно. 2016 оны байдлаар Их-Уул сум нь 4200 гаруй хүн амтай, 247,000 толгой малтай. Сумын төвийг Сэлэнгэ гэх бөгөөд Сэлэнгэ мөрний ойролцоо оршино. Их-Уул сумын засаг даргаар Б.Мянганбаяр, ИТХ-ын даргаар Б.Батдорж нар ажилладаг.
1931 онд Хөвсгөл аймаг байгуулагдахад бий болжээ. 1933 оны тооллогоор 718 өрхийн 2,700 оршин суугч, 68,000 орчим толгой малтай байв. 1956 онд Тариалан суманд нэгтгэгдсэн ч 1959 онд дахин зохион байгуулагдсан. 1958-1990 онд Саруул-Амьдрал нэгдэл үйл ажиллагаагаа явуулж байв.
Хотгойдын шадар ван Чингүнжав Манжийн түрэмгийлэгчдээс зугтаж явахдаа одоогийн Их-Уул сумын Асгат багийн баруун давааг даван одсон гэсэн түүх байдаг. Түүний хайртай хонгор морь баруун давааны бартааг үл ажран тэнхээт хүлгийн ёрыг гаргаж замын хар хатираагаар давахыг харсан нутгийн ардууд түүнээс хойш баруун давааг Хонгорын даваа гэж нэрлэх болжээ. Хожим нь Шадар Ван Чингүнжав ар зуслангийн Ангархайн ам гэдэг газар гал түлж цай чанаж ууж байгаад баригджээ.
Их-Уул сумын хамгийн өндөр цэг нь Халзан Бүргэдтэй уул.
2004 оны байдлаар 140,000 толгой мал тоологдсоны 49,000 нь хонь, 73,000 нь ямаа, 10,000 нь үхэр буюу сарлаг, 8,800 нь адуу, 46 нь тэмээ байв. 2011 оны байдлаар 234 мянган толгой мал тоолуулсан нь аймагтаа төдийгүй улсад дээгүүр орох үзүүлэлт юм.
1997 онд сумын төв нь Төвийн эрчим хүчний системд холбогджээ.
М.Нямаа, Хөвсгөл аймгийн лавлах толь, Улаанбаатар 2001, х.90
Astragalus mongholicus

Astragalus mongholicus, synonyms including Astragalus propinquus and Astragalus membranaceus, commonly known as Mongolian milkvetch in English; 'Хунчир' in Mongolian; huángqí (Chinese: 黃芪), běiqí (Chinese: 北芪) or huánghuā huángqí (Chinese: 黃花黃耆), in Mongolia, is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Mongolian medicine. It is a perennial plant and it is not listed as being threatened.
A. mongholicus is widespread in temperate Asia, being found in Kazakhstan, from Siberia to the Russian Far East, in Mongolia, and in west and north China.
A. mongholicus is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). A. mongholicus is a component in Lectranal, a food supplement used in treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, though there is limited evidence of its effectiveness.
Chemical constituents of the roots (Radix Astragali) include polysaccharides and triterpenoids (such as astragalosides), as well as isoflavones (including kumatakenin, calycosin, and formononetin) and their glycosides and malonates. It contains the saponin cycloastragenol.
While several other species of Astragalus are known to cause severe poisonings in livestock due to indolizine alkaloids, aliphatic nitro compounds, and accumulated selenium, none of these constituents have been detected in Astragalus mongholicus used in dietary supplements and TCM preparations.
A. mongholicus is listed (as A. propinquus) in the following official pharmacopoeia:
Prime Minister of Mongolia

The prime minister of Mongolia (Mongolian: Монгол Улсын Ерөнхий Сайд, romanized: Mongol Ulsyn Yerönkhii Said) is the head of government of Mongolia and heads the Government of Mongolia. The prime minister is appointed by the Mongolian parliament or the State Great Khural, and can be removed by the parliament with a vote of no confidence.
The incumbent prime minister is Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene, who has served since 27 January 2021. He replaced Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh, who was resigned on 22 January 2021.
The prime minister has full powers to hire and fire cabinet ministers and appoints the governors of the 21 aimags of Mongolia, as well as the governor of the capital, Ulaanbaatar.
The office of prime minister was established by the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia in 1912, shortly after Outer Mongolia first declared independence from the Manchu Qing Dynasty. This was not recognized by many nations in the 1910s. By the time of Mongolia's second (and more generally recognized) declaration of independence from the occupation by Beiyang China in 1921, the office was controlled by a communist group known as the time Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. 1924 the party established the Mongolian People's Republic, and the prime minister's post was superseded by one known by the chairman of the council of people's commissars. This was changed to chairman of the council of ministers in 1946. The title of prime minister was only revived in 1990, when the People's Revolutionary Party gradually released its hold on power. Regardless of the changes of name, however, the modern Mongolian government recognizes the office as having existed continuously since 1912, and counts all holders of the office as prime ministers.
There is some confusion as to the first holder of the office. A lama named Tseren (or Tserenchimed) held office as "prime minister" (actually the Interior minister) during a provisional government, and is sometimes cited as the first holder of the modern office. However, the Mongolian government considers Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren, the first formal office-holder, to be the first. There is also some confusion over the status of Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav, some consider him to have only been acting Prime Minister, while some consider him to have been a full Prime Minister. The Mongolian government takes the latter view.
His Hand in Mine

His Hand in Mine is the fifth studio album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released on November 23, 1960 by RCA Victor in mono and stereo, catalog number LPM/LSP 2328. It was the first of three gospel albums that Presley would issue during his lifetime. Recording sessions took place on October 30 and 31, 1960, at RCA Studio B in Nashville, Tennessee. It peaked at #13 on the Top Pop Albums chart. It was certified Gold on April 9, 1969 and Platinum on March 27, 1992 by the Recording Industry Association of America.
Presley had a lifelong, fundamental love of church music, and often used it to rehearse and loosen up before concerts and at the beginning of recording sessions. Presley had earlier devoted an extended play single, Peace in the Valley, to his love for gospel songs, and was eager to record a full album of this music. This fit well with the plans of Presley's manager, Colonel Tom Parker, to steer his client into a family-friendly image as he switched Presley's career concentration toward movie stardom in Hollywood.
All the selections for His Hand In Mine were completed in one fourteen-hour session. The songs "Surrender" and "Crying in the Chapel" were recorded during the session, but were withheld for later issue as singles. "Surrender" would be his first single of 1961 and top the chart, but "Crying in the Chapel" would wait until April 1965 to be issued, going to #3 on the chart. The song "In My Father's House" was arranged and adapted by Elvis Presley which was published by Elvis Presley Music.
Presley later re-recorded "Swing Down Sweet Chariot" (not to be confused with the popular "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot") for the soundtrack of his 1969 film, The Trouble with Girls.
"His Hand in Mine" is a gospel song written by Mosie Lister and first recorded by the Statesmen Quartet in 1953. Presley's version was recorded on October 30, 1960 and was the title track of his 1960 gospel album. The song was released nine years later as an Easter single on March 25, 1969. The B-side was a more recent recording of "How Great Thou Art." Neither side charted and the record sold poorly.
In 1976, RCA reissued the album in its lower priced "Pure Gold" series, with new cover art under a new catalog number, ANL1-1319. This reissue contains the same tracks as the original release. In 1981, the album was reissued in RCA's "Best Buy" series, with the 1976 cover art and catalog number changed to AYL1-3935. RCA first reissued the album on compact disc in 1990 with three bonus tracks ("It Is No Secret", "You'll Never Walk Alone" and "Who Am I"). This CD reissue utilized the revised cover art from the "Pure Gold" and "Best Buy" series LP reissues.
On March 11, 2008, RCA released a remastered version of this album on CD, adding as bonus tracks the four songs which had originally appeared on that 1957 EP single Peace in the Valley, its contents later incorporated into Elvis' Christmas Album. Follow That Dream, the Presley fan-club reissue label, released an extended two-disc version of the His Hand in Mine album the same year.
Credits sourced from Keith Flynn’s research of AFM contracts and RCA paperwork.
Snuff Bottle Connection

Snuff Bottle Connection (Chinese: 神腿鐵扇功) is a 1977 Hong Kong martial arts film directed by Dung Gam-woo and Lau Lap-lap. The film stars Hwang Jang-lee and John Liu. The film was released in the Hong Kong on 15 September 1977.
In the late Qing dynasty of China (The Qing dynasty followed the Ming dynasty. Their reign started as the Ming reign ended in 1644 and terminated in 1912.), the Russians are consorting with traitorous Manchus, who plan to turn over a map of the strategic points the Russians could use to invade Chinese territories. So, with the hope that he can sniff out their plan and the traitors (and not get killed like their first spy), the government sends out Chow Tien (John Lui) to investigate and spy on the visiting Russian General, Tolstoy (Roy Horan), and his lackeys. Since Tolstoy is a pistol expert, Tien gets his brother Ko (Yip Fei Yang), who is a dagger expert, and his tag along kid (Wong Yat Lung) to help aide him. Soon the plot reveals a traitorous magistrate and the key figure behind it all (Hwang Jang-lee), but the method by which the Manchu's identify themselves to the Russians, a rare snuff bottle, is stolen by Tien and his cohorts. But, Tein and crew are in the midst of enemies and must fight their way out alone in a desperate bid to save China and bring the traitors down.
Snuff Bottle Connection at IMDb
Bayam jepang

Bayam jepang atau horenso (Spinacia oleracea) (dari Bahasa Jepang "ホウレンソウ") adalah sayuran yang dimakan daunnya, dari genus Spinacia. Di Indonesia dapat dijumpai di supermarket dan kadang dikenal sebagai spinach (dari bahasa Inggris), berbeda dengan bayam (Amaranthus) yang banyak dikenal di Indonesia sebagai "spinach". Horenso biasanya tidak cocok untuk daerah beriklim tropis seperti Indonesia karena cepat berbunga sehingga tidak menumbuhkan banyak daun.
Spinacia sering dipakai dalam masakan Eropa dan wilayah Laut Tengah. Daunnya yang muda dapat dimakan mentah dan dijadikan salad. Dalam masakan India, sayur jenis Spinacia ini sering dimasak dalam palak paneer dengan "paneer" (semacam keju), atau aloo palak dengan kentang.
Sama seperti bayam, spinacia yang dipanasi berulang-ulang bisa berbahaya untuk anak di bawah 6 bulan. Untuk orang yang lebih dewasa, biasanya tidak ada masalah. Pemanasan berulang-ulang mengoksidasi kandungan besi di dalam daun sehingga ketersediaannya menurun dan dapat meracuni tubuh.
Walaupun sering disebut "bayam," sebetulnya Spinacia berbeda dengan bayam yang dikenal. Rasanya pun berbeda.
Tidak jelas asal usul kerancuan ini, tetapi penerjemahan tulisan "spinach" dalam film kartun "Popeye" menjadi 'bayam' memopulerkan kerancuan ini. Penerjemahan itu sendiri dari sudut pandang ilmu gizi tidak terlalu salah karena keduanya sama-sama kaya akan besi dan spinach bukanlah sayuran yang populer di Indonesia.
Spinach diketahui juga diterjemahkan sebagai bayam Jepang (asal-usulnya tidak jelas) dan spinasi (bahasa Belanda: spinazie).
Bayam raja

Amaranthus viridis adalah spesies kosmopolitan dalam keluarga botani Amaranthaceae dan umumnya dikenal sebagai bayam kecil atau bayam raja .
Amaranthus viridis adalah ramuan tahunan dengan batang tegak berwarna hijau muda yang tumbuh sekitar 60–80 tingginya cm. Banyak cabang muncul dari pangkalnya, dan daunnya bulat telur, 3–6 panjang cm, 2–4 lebar cm, dengan panjang tangkai daun sekitar 5 cm. Tanaman ini mempunyai malai terminal dengan sedikit cabang, dan bunga kecil berwarna hijau dengan 3 benang sari.
Amaranthus viridis dimakan sebagai sayuran rebus atau sebagai sayuran di banyak belahan dunia.
Di negara bagian Manipur, India Timur Laut, dikenal sebagai cheng-kruk ; itu juga dimakan sebagai sayuran di India Selatan, khususnya di Kerala, yang dikenal sebagai kuppacheera കുപ്പച്ചീര. Ini adalah sayuran umum dalam masakan Bengali, yang disebut note shak ("shak" berarti sayuran berdaun). Ini adalah sayuran yang sangat umum digunakan dalam Masakan Odia sebagai Saaga, yaitu sebagai Kosila Saaga atau Marshi Saag di daerah pedesaan.
Itu juga dimakan sebagai sayuran di beberapa bagian Afrika. Daun tanaman ini, yang dikenal sebagai massaagu di Dhivehi, telah digunakan dalam makanan orang Maladewa selama berabad-abad dalam masakan seperti mas huni . Nama Yoruba di Afrika Barat untuk tanaman ini adalah Ewe Tete dan digunakan untuk tujuan pengobatan dan spiritual.
Pada abad ke-19 A. viridus, atau bayam raja merupakan salah satu makanan di Australia. Ahli botani Joseph Maiden menulis pada tahun 1889: "Ini adalah pengganti bayam jepang yang sangat baik, jauh lebih unggul daripada sebagian besar daun bit putih yang dijual untuk bayam di Sydney. Di samping bayam jepang, daun ini tampaknya paling mirip dengan daun jelatang rebus, yang bila muda digunakan di Inggris, dan sangat baik. Bayam raja ini harus dimasak seperti bayam jepang dan seiring dengan semakin dikenalnya bayam raja, pasti akan populer, kecuali di antara orang-orang yang mungkin menganggapnya merendahkan martabat mereka jika ada hubungannya dengan rumput liar."
Bayam raja juga memiliki kumpulan biji kacang yang dapat dimakan, yang dapat dimakan sebagai makanan ringan atau digunakan dalam biskuit. Bubur bisa dibuat dengan merebus bijinya dalam air. Berbeda dengan bayam lainnya, bijinya mudah dipanen dengan cara menggores bagian biji yang sudah matang di antara jari.
Amaranthus viridis digunakan sebagai ramuan obat dalam pengobatan Ayurveda tradisional, dengan nama Sansekerta Tanduliya .
Sayuran daun

Sayuran daun, juga disebut sayuran daun hijau atau sayuran hijau, adalah daun tanaman yang dimakan sebagai sayuran, terkadang disertai dengan tangkai daun dan pucuk yang empuk . Sayuran daun yang dimakan mentah dalam salad bisa disebut salad greens .
Hampir seribu spesies tanaman dengan daun yang dapat dimakan diketahui. Sayuran daun paling sering berasal dari tumbuhan perdu berumur pendek, seperti selada dan bayam . Tumbuhan berkayu dari berbagai spesies juga menyediakan daun yang bisa dimakan.
Daun dari banyak tanaman pakan ternak juga dapat dimakan manusia, tetapi biasanya hanya dimakan dalam kondisi kelaparan . Contohnya termasuk alfalfa, semanggi, dan sebagian besar rerumputan, termasuk gandum dan jelai . Pemrosesan makanan, seperti mengeringkan dan menggiling menjadi bubuk atau membuat bubur dan memeras jus, dapat digunakan untuk melibatkan daun tanaman ini dalam makanan.
Sayuran daun mengandung banyak nutrisi tanaman yang khas, tetapi karena merupakan jaringan fotosintesis, kadar vitamin K -nya sangat menonjol. Filokuinon, bentuk vitamin yang paling umum, terlibat langsung dalam fotosintesis .
Bayam, sebagai contoh sayuran daun, rendah kalori dan lemak per kalori, dan tinggi serat makanan, vitamin C, pro- vitamin A karotenoid, folat, mangan, dan vitamin K.
Kandungan vitamin K sayuran daun sangat tinggi, karena ini adalah jaringan fotosintesis dan filokuinon terlibat dalam fotosintesis . Oleh karena itu, pengguna obat antagonis vitamin K, seperti warfarin, harus sangat berhati-hati untuk membatasi konsumsi sayuran daun.
Pecel gendar

Pecel gendar atau juga disebut gendar pecel adalah sejenis makanan khas Jawa Tengah yang terbuat dari campuran sayur bersaus kacang (pecel) dan dilengkapi karbohidrat berupa kue nasi yang dicetak dan dicampur dengan bleng.
Pecel gendar umumnya terbuat dari sayur-sayuran tradisional seperti genjer, bunga turi, kacang panjang, bayam, kubis, krokot, kecombrang, petai cina, tauge dan sawi yang direbus serta dilengkapi kue nasi yang terbuat dari campuran nasi dan bleng atau boraks, dan terakhir disiram dengan sambal kacang.
Masyarakat jawa biasanya menikmati pecel gendar dengan kerupuk atau tempe atau tahu yang dibacem maupun digoreng. Pecel gendar adalam makanan yang kerap dijajakan di pinggir jalan, dengan penyajian yang biasanya berupa pincuk. Pincuk merupakan salah satu dari sembilan gaya penyajian tradisional tanah jawa ang umumnya terbuat dari daun pisang ataupun kertas minyak.
Gendar dalam penyajian ini berperan sebagai karbohidrat pengganti nasi. Hal ini mirip dengan variasi olahan nasi seperti lontong dan ketupat. Masyarakat jawa memanfaatkan nasi sisa yang dicampur bleng atau boraks (Natrium Tetraborat) kemudian dikukus untuk dijadikan gendar. Boraks berperan sebagai pemberi tekstur pada gendar, maka tak heran gendar memiliki tekstur yang kenyal, gurih, tajam dan mengembang. Walau bleng merupakan bentuk tidak murni dari boraks, tak dapat dipungkiri efek kesehatan yang dapat timbul dari mengonsumsi panganan ini masih ada.
Boraks atau bleng hanya diperbolehkan dalam makanan dengan batas maksimal 1 gram per 1 kilogram atau 1:1000. Zat ini akan menumpuk dalam tubuh seiring seringnya mengonsumsi makanan yang mengandung boraks atau bleng. Dosis berlebihan akan menyebabkan demam, kerusakan ginjal, hingga kematian.Bahkan penggunaan bleng atau boraks sebagai campuran panganan telah dilarang keras oleh BPOM dan hal ini menyebabkan para pedagang tradisional terpukul.
Kini telah banyak opsi untuk menggantikan bleng dengan bahan lain yang lebih ramah dan sehat. Salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan sodium tripolifosfat yang memiliki fungsi sama dengan boraks, namun lebih sehat dan harganya ang terbilang terjangkau.Walau begitu masih banyak orang yang tetap menggunakan bleng ini sebagai pengenyal makanan.