davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
William Faulkner

Ur romantour stadunanat e oa William Cuthbert Faulkner (Falkner e wir anv. E 1919 e voe kemmet anv ar skrivagner, "Falkner" a droas da "Faulkner" dre ur vi-koukoug e talbenn e levr kentañ ; pa voe goulennet outañ ha ret e oa reizhañ e respontas « An daou zo mat din. » ), ganet d'an 25 a viz Gwengolo 1897 e New Albany (Mississippi) ha marvet d'ar 6 a viz Gouere 1962 e Byhalia (Mississippi).
E dud a oa eus familhoù kozh aet ar stal da fall ganto gant Brezel diabarzh Stadoù-Unanet Amerika.
Lakaet en deus war wel spered e rannvro, "Su don" SUA hag e berzhioù : ar baourentez, ar ouennouriezh hag an amzer o tibunañ war e bouez dindan an heol tomm-skaot. Ur romantour hag ur saver danevelloù difaezus eo bet, hag unan eus ar varrekañ evel ma voe diskouezet pa yeas Priz Nobel al Lennegezh gantañ e 1949.
N'eus ket nemeur a ditour war bugaleaj William Faulkner nemet e oa ganet en ur familh tudjentil, an den illurañ ar c'horonal Falkner, brudet evit e roll e Lu ar C'hengevredad, lu Stadoù Su SUA o stourm evit ma chomfe dezho ar gwir da virout ar sklavelezh evit gounit o douaroù.
Emouestlet e oa er Royal Air Force e Toronto (Kanada), met ne c'hellas ket William yaouank mont da glask ar gloar er Brezel-bed kentañ pa zeuas ar peoc'h e 1918.
E 1919 e lakaas embann ur varzhoneg, L'après-midi d'un faune dindan e anv-pluenn William Faulkner goude ur vi-koukoug.
E-pad 7 vloaz e skrivas barzhonegoù ha skridoù barnerezh lennegel en ur glask brud e Memphis (Tennessee), an tostañ kêr, en Orleañs Nevez, New York ha Pariz.
E 1929 e timezas gant Estelle Oldham ha mont a rejont da chom da Orleañs-Nevez.
E wreg, dizimezet, a oa daou vugel dezhi hag advabañ a reas anezho. Prenañ a reas un ti kaer ante bellum (mod tiez ar berc'hennerien vras en amzer ar sklavelezh), Rowan Oak e anv.
Goude bezañ savet daou romant Soldiers' Pay (1926) ha Mosquitoes (1927) e vagas spi da gaout brasoc'h brud diwar an trede, Sartoris (1929).
Muioc'h a verzh a c'hounezas diwar The Sound and the Fury e 1929 avat, ha muioc'h c'hoazh gant ar romant berr As I Lay Dying (1930).
Paul Revere's Ride

Paul Revere's Ride zo ur varzhoneg gant ar barzh stadunanat Henry Longfellow (1807-1882) en enor d'ar brogarour Paul Revere (1735-1818). D'an 18 Ebrel 1775, Paul Revere ha tud all a skignas ar galv-diwall e Kontelezh Middlesex (Massachusetts), pa oa krog ar British Army da fiñval evit lakaat fin d'an emsavadeg amerikan. Antronoz e voe kentañ emgannoù Brezel dieubidigezh ar Stadoù Unanet e Lexington ha Concord, e Middlesex.
D'ar 5 a viz Ebrel 1860, H. W. Longfellow a weladennas Old North Church Boston ; antronoz e voulc'has ar varzhoneg, 124 gwerzenn enni, a gont marc'hekadenn Paul Revere. Embannet e voe d'an 20 Kerzu 1860 e niverenn Genver 1861 ar gazetenn The Atlantic Monthly, bet diazezet e 1857 e Boston. Adembannet e voe e 1863 en dastumad Tales of a Wayside Inn dindan an anv « The Landlord's Tale » ("Danevell ar Perc'henn").
E 1842 e oa bet embannet gant H. W. Longfellow Poems on Slavery ("Barzhonegoù a-zivout ar Sklaverezh") ma tisklêrie bout un enepsklavelour. Skrivet e voe Paul Revere's Ride bloaz a-raok deroù Brezel diabarzh SUA (12 Ebrel 1861 – 9 Mae 1865), hag embannet d'an deiz end-eeun ma tigevredas South Carolina, ar Stad kentañ ouzh en ober. Gwir eo deroù ar varzhoneg (Hardly a man is now alive Who remembers that famous day and year) rak Jonathan Harrington, unan eus perzhidi diwezhañ en emgannoù Lexington ha Concord, a varvas e 1854. Dre zegas da soñj kefridi Paul Revere e klaskas ar barzh kas ur galv-diwall ivez da Stadoù an Norzh enep diskar ar Gevredad (In the hour of darkness and peril and need, The people will waken and listen to hear...).
A-ratozh-kaer e tistummas ar barzh ar fedoù istorel evit reiñ lañs da vojenn vroadel Paul Revere. Er varzhoneg e laka ar barzh mignon P. Revere da skourrañ leternioù ouzh tour an iliz ; e gwirionez, Paul Revere eo a lakaas gouleier. N'eo ket eñ a roeñvas a-dreuz ar stêr, gant tud all e voe kaset, ha ne dizhas ket Concord en nozvezh-se.
Gouzout a ouier bremañ ne oa ket bet Paul Revere en e unan o varc'hegañ. William Dawes Jr. (1745-1799), meur a waz all hag ur vaouez a oa bet kaset da c'hervel d'an diwall, dre hentoù disheñvel etre Boston ha Lexington, ha da gelaouiñ ar pennoù broadelour John Hancock ha Samuel Adams diwar-benn fiñvadeg Breizhveuriz eus Boston da Lexington evit o herzel ha sezizañ an armoù a oa kuzhet e Concord. E Lincoln, war an hent da Goncord, e voe paket P. Revere, W. Dawes hag ar mezeg Samuel Prescott gant ar soudarded vreizhveurat ; Dawes ha Pescott a achapas kuit, Revere a voe aterset ha kaset da Lexington ; ar mezeg hepken a dizhas Concord e koulz evit degas keloù d'an emsaverien.
St. James Infirmary

St. James Infirmary, anavezet ivez evel "Gambler's Blues", zo ur ganaouenn saoznek stadunanat. Diasur eo anv ar sonaozer anezhi, petra bennak ma vez lakaet war gont Joe Primrose (ul lesanv da Irving Mills (1894-1985) a vefe bet perc'henn ar gwirioù warni. Hervez Robert Harwood e vefe bet savet gant daou soner, Phil Baxter ha Carl Moore hag ar re-se a ankouaas disklêriañ e oant oberourien ar ganaouenn.
Brudet eo bet gant sonenrolladur Louis Armstrong e 1928, petra bennak ma ne oa ket an enrolladur kentañ.
Diazezet eo St. James Infirmary war ur werz saoz eus an XVIII kantved, anvet "The Unfortunate Rake", hag anavezet ivez evel "The Unfortunate Lad" pe "The Young Man Cut Down in His Prime". Kontañ a rae istor ur soudard a foet e wenneien gant gisti, hag a varv gant kleñved Naplez.
Koulskoude ne gaver ket nemeur a zarempred etre komzoù an div ganaouenn, an hini saoz, hag an hini stadunanat. Kontet e vez e teu an anv St. James Infirmary eus St. James Hospital en Londrez, ur c'hlañvdi ma veze dalc'het al lovrien. Met serret e voe e 1532 gant ar roue Henry VIII a savas eno St. James Palace (Palez Sant James).
Noisiu

Noisiu, Noíse, pe Naoise, zo ur brezelour yaouank e gwengelouriezh Iwerzhon. Mab eo da Uisneach (pe Uisliu) ha niz da Gonchobar mac Nessa, roue Ulaid. Anv zo anezhañ er gontadenn anvet Tri mab Uisnech a gaver e-touez istorioù arall e Táin Bó Cúailnge, ul lodenn ag ar Rúraíocht.
Er gontadenn e teu Noíse da vout amourouz Deirdre, ur vaouez koant ar c'hoantañ hag a zo c'hoantaet ivez gant ar roue Conchobar. Da dec'hout e warizi e verde an daou gariad ha daou vreur Noíse betek Alba. Conchobar a glask o lakaat da zistreiñ hag asantiñ a reont gant ma vefent gwarezet gant Fergus mac Róich. Hemañ a rank dilerc'hiañ e-pad ar veaj abalamour d'ur geas en deus, ha fiziañ a ra anezhe en e vab da c'hortoz. Naoise hag e vreudeur ne selaouont ket ivez diouganoù hag alioù Deirdre, hag echuiñ a ra an istor e stumm un drajedienn abalamour da dreitouriezh Conchobar.
Sac'het en o-unan e palez ar Skourr Ruz en Emain Macha en em gann a ra an tri breur a-enep Uladiz taolet outo gant ar roue. En diwezh e varv mibien Uisnech, Naoise hag e vreudeur Ainle hag Ardan, ha mab Conchobar Fiacha. Lazhet eo Noíse gant Maine Dorn-Ruz, mab tiern Norvegia (pe gant Éogan mac Durthacht hervez ar mammennoù). Fuloret gant treitouriezh ar roue, Fergus mac Róich a zistruj Emain Macha a-raok en em harluiñ gant e vrezelourien e Cúige Chonnacht da genderc'hel ar brezel. Da-heul an darvoud-se e koll Conchobar hag e ziskennidi titl roue Ulaid.
Deirdre zo roet gant Conchobar da Maine Dorn-Ruz, an hini en deus lazhet he c'harantez, hag un devezh en em daol war he fenn diwar ur c'harr evit en em lazhañ.
Istor Naoise ha Deirdre a c'haller lenn e Táin Bó Cúailnge (Preizhadeg saout Cooley), el lodenn anvet a-wezhioù "Marv skrijus tri mab Uisnech". Diazezet eo an diverradenn da-heul war droidigezh Whitley Stokes hag O'Flanagan embannet e 1898.
Pa zeuas Deidre er bed, an drouiz Cathbad a roas hec'h anv dezhi, ha diouganiñ e vefe kaoz da drubuih ha da walleur e-leizh. Pa glevjont e fellas d'an aotrouien a oa eno lakaat anezhi d'ar marv, met ar roue Conchobar a viras ouzh kement-se hag a zivizas lakaat sevel anezhi en ul lec'h distro, hag ober e wreg anezhi, pa vefe erru en oad. En ur greskiñ e teuas da vezañ bravoc'h evit holl vaouezed an amzer
Un devezh ma oa erc'h e welas he zad-mager diskar ul leue, ha dont a reas ur vran da evañ eus gwad al loen. Hag hi a lâret e kemerfe da bried un den a vefe warnañ an tri liv a wele : blev dezhe liv ar vran, bougennoù ruz evel gwad al leue, ha ur c'hroc'hen a liv gant an erc'h. Lavaret e voe dezhi e oa un hevelep den e koskor Conchobar - Naoise e anv, mab Usnach, mab Conall Flatnailed, mab Ruri Veur. Goulenn a reas komz gantañ e kuzh. En em gavout a rejont o-daou eta ha disklêriañ a reas he c'harantez evitañ, ha goulenn gantañ tec'hout asambles. Asantiñ a reas daoust d'e aon rak Conchobar.
Naoise, e zaou vreur Ainle hag Ardan, war un dro gant kant hag hanterkant brezelour, a dec'has da Vro-Skos hag a reas un treuziad e servij roue Alba. Klevet a reas ar roue skosat anv eus kened bras Deirdre avat hag a glaskas kemer anezhi evitañ. Tec'hout a rejont neuze betek un enezenn goude forzh emgannoù gant brezelourien ar roue.
Ah ! vous dirai-je, maman

Ah ! vous dirai-je, maman zo ur ganaouenn c'hallek eus an XVIIIvet kantved, meur a stumm dezhi. Brudet eo bet gant Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, ken e kreder alies, e gaou avat, eo gantañ eo bet savet an ton. Implijet eo bet gant sonaozourien all ivez.
Dre fazi e kreder a-wechoù e oa ur rimadell vugale da gentañ. Er c'hontrol, ne oa ket graet evit o divskouarn.
War ar memes ton e vez kanet ar rimadellig c'hallek Quand trois poules vont au champ.
War tonioù damheñvel e vez kanet À la pêche aux moules ha Le Palais-Royal est un beau quartier ha La vigne aux moineaux.
Komzoù ar ganaouenn bugale zo un drevezadenn diwar ur varzhoneg karantez dizanv anvet La Confidence. :
Un doare dizoare ha n'eo ket evit bugale zo bet kanet gant Colette Renard.
Implijet eo bet an ton gant Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart da ober 12 adstumm, K.265. Pell amzer e voe kredet e oa bet savet an oberenn-se e 1778 e Pariz. Hogen studiet eo bet an dornskrivañ ha kavet e oa bet savet e Wien e 1781-1782, pa oa 25 bloaz.
War ar memes ton e vez kanet sonioù all e yezhoù all.
En alamaneg ez eus un doare anvet Morgen kommt der Weihnachtsmann ("Arc'hoazh e tremeno an Tad Nedeleg"), savet gant Hoffmann von Fallersleben (1798–1874), hag embannet war-dro ar bloaz 1840.
War an ton gall-se ivez e kaner ar sonig vrezhonek-mañ, savet gant Mark Kerrain
Três galinhas a cantar eo an doare portugalek, diwar ar ganaouenn c'hallek Quand trois poules vont au champ .
Ur ganaouennig Nedeleg eo e spagnoleg.
John Brunner

Jonathan Kilian Houston "John" Brunner Ganet d'ar 24 a viz Gwengolo 1934 hag aet da Anaon d'ar 26 a viz Eost 1995 a oa ur skrivagner skiant-faltazi saoz. Ganet e voe e Preston Crowmarsh, Oxfordshire ha mont a reas d'ar skol e Cheltenham. Pa oa 17 vloaz e skrivas e romant kentañ Galactic Storm dindan anv Gill Hunt met ne voe ket ur skrivagner dre vicher a-raok1958. Evel un ofiser e servij en aerlu saoz etre 1953 ha 1958. Eurediñ a reas Marjorie Rosamond Sauer d'ar 7 miz c'hwevrer 1958.
Oberennoù doare space-Opera a skrivas da gentañ met diwezhatoc'h en e esped e tremenas d'ar romantoù arnodel o stumm. E 1969 e romant Stand on Zanzibar a zegemeras ar priz Hugo ha The Jagged Orbit a c'honezas ar British SF Award e 1971.
E oberenn vrudetañ The Shockwave Riderzo bet skrivet e 1975. Ijinet en deus an dermen "preñv" da envel ur meziant barrek d'en em c'houennañ.
Adzimezet e voe gant Li Yi Tan d'ar 2 a viz Gwengolo 1991 ha mervel a reas e 1995 e Glasgow, Bro-Skos.
Nicolas Gestin

Nicolas Gestin zo ur c'haiaker breizhat arbennigour war ar slalom. Genidik eo eus Tremeven-Kemperle. Bet eo kampion Europa ar re dindan 23 bloaz e 2019 ha kampion ar bed ar re dindan 23 bloaz e 2021. Aet eo ar vedalenn aour gantañ e kanoe-slalom e C'hoarioù Olimpek Pariz e 2024.
Kroget en doa Nicolas Gestin gant ar c'hayak pa oa seizh vloaz e klub kanoe-kaiak Kemperle. Ul lisañs en deus ennañ c'hoazh.
Skoliataet eo bet e lise ar pol Frañs danvez kampioned e kanoe-kaiak e Saozon-Sevigneg, e-kichen Roazhon. Goude ar bak en deus studiet evit kaout un aotreegezh war an douaroniezh hag an terkerezh e Pariz. Nijer eo en aerlu gall.
Dibabet eo bet e skipailh Frañs junior e miz Ebrel 2016 evit kemer perzh e Kampionad ar bed junior .
Gloazet e voe en e skoaz e miz Eost 2017, ha ne c'hallas ket bezañ er c'hevezadegoù liesseurt a oa bet betek 2018.
E 2019 eo bet e-barzh ar pol Frañs e Vaires-sur-Marne, al lec'h a zegemer ar C'hoarioù olimpek hañv 2024.
E miz Here 2020 e klask en aner tapout ar plas e rummad C1H evit C'hoarioù olimpek hañv Tokyo. Echuiñ a ra er 6vet plas, daoust m'eo bet kalifiet div wech diwar deir.
Ur prantad goude e tiviz cheñch e c'hourdoner evit Arnaud Brogniart, hag a labour e pol Frañs Vaires-sur-Marne, goude bezañ bet heuliet gant Anne Boixel e-pad tri bloaz.
E dibenn miz Ebrel 2021 e teu a-benn da vont e skipailh Frañs, ar pezh a laka anezhañ da gemer perzh er c'hevezadegoù etrebroadel, e U23 koulz hag e senior, ha mont a ra ar maout gantañ e kampionadoù ar bed ar slalom dindan 23 bloaz e Tacen, e Slovenia, d'an 10 a viz Gouere.
Gant Jules Bernardet ha Lucas Roisin e ya ar vedalenn aour gantañ e kanoe a-skipailh e Kampionadoù ar bed slalom 2023 e Londrez. Medalennet eo ivez e arc'hant a-hiniennoù.
D'an 29 a viz Gouere 2024 e ya ar maout gantañ e kevezadenn baotred ar c'hanoe-kaiak e Vaires-sur-Marne e C'hoarioù olimpek hañv 2024 dirak Adam Burgess ha Matej Beňuš.
Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships

An Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships berraet e DANFS, (brezhoneg: Geriadur Amerikan ar bigi brezel war-vor) zo ur geriadur e doare holloueziadur evit gouzout munudoù hag istor ar bigi brezel implijet gant morlu Stadoù-Unanet Amerika.
Pa voe boulc'het al labour war ar geriadur e voe choazet kemer e kont nemetken ar bigi eus an US Navy hag a oa bet degemeret en un doare ofisiel ha roet un anv dezho. Ma ne oa ket bet roet un anv ofisiel d'ur vag neuze ne oa ket degemeret en holloueziadur. Ouzhpenn ar meneg evit pep bag, an DANFS hag al liammoù enlinenn a zo bet ledanaet gant an amzer evit mont etrezek ar c'harbedoù-mor bihan, istor bigi kengevread Stadoù-unanet Amerika, hag ul lod studiadennoù war ar bigi mor.
Continental Marines

Ar Marines kevandirel (Saozneg: Continental Marines) a oa nerzhioù morlu kentañ an trizek trevadenn Amerikan e-pad Brezel dieubidigezh Amerika. Ar c'horfad-soudard a oa bet krouet gant ar Bodad kevandirel (Saozneg: Continental Congress) d'an 10 a viz Du 1775 ha roet lam dezhañ er bloavezh 1783.
Kefridi ar Marines kevandirel a oa liesseurt met an hini pennañ a oa da vezañ nerzhioù difenn ar bigi-brezel o tiwall an ofiserien hag iz-ofiserien ha talñ ouzh ur bourzhiadeg. E-pad an emgannioù war-vor ar re Marines mailh-tennerien a zae e pennoù uhelañ ar bigi evit tennañ war an ofiserien, iz-ofiserien, kanolierien ha sturierien ar bigi enebour.
D'ar muiañ ez eus bet 131 Ofiserien Marine Trevadennel hag a-vras 2000 Marine trevadennel emouestlet. Chom a rae nebeut Marines trevadennel goude ar brezel war ar bigi brezel met ar c'horfad na voe ket adsavet a-raok ar bloavezh 1798. En desped d'an toull-amzer-se etre mare ar Marines kevandirel hag ar c'hoarfad-soudard Marines a-hiziv, an United States Marine Corps a zalc'h d'an deiziad 10 a viz Du 1775 evit hini e zeiz-ha-bloaz
Roll bannieloù Zeland-Nevez

Setu listenn ar bannieloù a vez pe a veze implijet e Zeland-Nevez pe gant Zelandneveziz.
E 2015 ha 2016 ez eus bet daou referendom evit dibab banniel nevez Zeland-Nevez, dalc'het eo bet an hini kozh koulskoude. Sed amañ ar pemp banniel bet kinniget d'ar Zelandneveziz e referendom 2015.
Kanton Brest-Rekourañs

Kanton Brest-Rekourañs a oa anezhañ ur rann velestradurel eus Frañs, e departamant Penn-ar-Bed, e Breizh.
Kanton Brest-Rekourañs a yae ul lodenn eus kumun Brest d'ober anezhañ.
Recouvrance, Brest

Recouvrance (Breton: Adsevel) is the section of the city of Brest, France, on the right bank of the River Penfeld. The popular and historically-Breton quarter is in contrast to the largely-Francophone quarter of Brest-même or Brest-proper, on the left bank.
The lift bridge over the Penfeld was named after this neighbourhood, as was a schooner that was built in 1992 in the city.
48°23′18″N 4°30′01″W﻿ / ﻿48.38833°N 4.50028°W﻿ / 48.38833; -4.50028
Brest Arsenal

The Brest Arsenal (French: arsenal de Brest) is a collection of naval and military buildings located on the banks of the river Penfeld, in Brest, France.
The Penfeld, within the military enclosure, is almost wholly lined with quays, but ships cannot come directly alongside these quays because of heads of rock that are left exposed at low tide. That's why floating stages are moored fore and aft, mainly on the left bank, to make up postes where some “small” ships can come alongside and use some installations such as the large crane.
Little used upstream of the Pont de Recouvrance, downstream of this bridge these postes nevertheless serve the old sailing ships of the Navy, the tugboats and other support boats of the arsenal, and transrades, passenger ships which provide a service across the roadstead (rade de Brest) between Brest and the Crozon peninsula (Île Longue, École Navale)
Brest Maritime Works Directorate

The Brest Maritime Works Directorate (direction des travaux maritimes de Brest, now Direction régionale du service d'infrastructure de la Défense de Brest) was the name of one of the decentralised directorates within France's SID (Service d'infrastructure de la défense). It is based at Brest and it oversees the expansion and maintenance of the French Navy's military infrastructure in Brest's military port and its annexes, in the operational base on Île Longue, the Lorient military port and the signal-stations chain along the west Brittany coast.
Maritime prefect

A maritime prefect (French: Préfet maritime) is a servant of the French government who exercises authority over the sea in a particular region known as a maritime prefecture (Préfecture maritime). As of 2025, there are three maritime prefects in metropolitan France, based in Cherbourg-en-Cotentin (Channel and North Sea), Brest (Atlantic Ocean) and Toulon (Mediterranean Sea).
The dignity was created on 27 April 1800 under the French Consulate to unify the command of harbours (civil administrator) and the command of the Navy (admiral). Two additional maritime prefects were based in Rochefort until 1927 and Lorient until 1941.
Maritime prefectures exist in each of the five overseas departments of France, but are administered by the departments' respective prefects: Cayenne for French Guiana, Basse-Terre for Guadeloupe, Fort-de-France for Martinique, Saint-Denis for Réunion and Mamoudzou for Mayotte.
The prefect maritime is the representative of the State at sea, government delegate and direct representative of the Prime Minister and each of the ministers. It is vested with "authority in all areas where State action is exercised at sea".
The maritime prefect has general police powers and oversees the defense of sovereign rights and the interests of the Nation, the maintenance of public order, the safeguarding of persons and property, the protection environment and the coordination of the fight against illicit activities.
The maritime prefect is a flag officer in the French Navy, who combines this civil function with the military powers of "commander of the maritime zone" (operational control of the forces deployed in the maritime zone) and "commander of the maritime district" (commands naval units not under another command).
As of 2019, the three maritime prefects in metropolitan France are:
Rue de Siam

48°23′14″N 4°29′24″W﻿ / ﻿48.387202°N 4.490125°W﻿ / 48.387202; -4.490125
The rue de Siam (or Siam Street, Breton: Straed Siam) is the main arterial street of Brest, a port city in Brittany, France. Its name comes from the arrival of three ambassadors led by Kosa Pan, sent by the King of Siam on the 29 June 1686 to meet Louis XIV in Versailles. They went with six mandarins, three translators, two secretaries and a retinue of servants, loaded with presents. They traveled on the boats l'Oiseau and La Maligne.
They crossed Saint-Pierre Street to go to the hostel of the same name. The inhabitants were so amazed that they renamed the street. The street was quite narrow before World War II.
The rue de Siam is quoted by Jacques Prévert in his poem Barbara.
Soi Charoen Krung 36 Alley, the location of French Embassy in Bangkok, was renamed in 2013 to "Rue de Brest" to commemorate diplomatic relations, reciprocating Rue de Siam.
From the place de la Liberté, in the centre of Brest, the rue de Siam runs southwest to the Recouvrance Bridge, spanning the river Penfeld. Recouvrance is a working-class district, from old Brest, in contrast to the rue de Siam where there were all the chic stores and cafés of Brest, in the years 1950-60.
There used to be l’Épée Café on the right and Les Antilles Restaurant on the left. Midshipmen and officers from all nationalities used to have an aperitif at l’Épée and then, cross the rue de Siam to have supper at Les Antilles.
Morgenster (ship)

Morgenster (Morning Star in Dutch) is a sail training ship based in the Netherlands. She was built, as a herring lugger under the name De Vrouw Maria, in 1919. In 1927, she was lengthened by 7 metres (23 ft) and converted into a motor fishing vessel. She was renamed Morgenster in 1959 and continued to be used as a fishing vessel until 1970. After a period of use for sport fishing and in the pirate radio business, she was acquired by her current owners for conversion back to a sailing vessel in 1983. She made her maiden voyage as a sail training ship in 2008, having been refitted as a brig.
La Recouvrance (schooner)

La Recouvrance is a replica gaff rigged schooner, named in honour of Recouvrance, one of the districts of Brest.
The idea for La Recouvrance was originally conceived in 1990.
She was modeled on the plans for Iris, which was designed by the French naval engineer Hubert in 1817. Originally, there had been five vessels built from Iris design, and these ships were employed in the early nineteenth century as courier vessels for the Navy. Eventually, their role was expanded to include surveillance and protection of merchant shipping off the African and West Indian coasts.
The proposal for a replica vessel was taken up by several public and private interests in Brest, which formed Goelette la Recouvrance organisation to oversee the project. Construction on the ship began in 1991, and employed both volunteer and paid labour. The partially completed La Recouvrance was launched at the Brest '92 maritime festival, and her rig was completed a year later.
In 1996, management of the vessel was transferred to SOPAB Brest.
La Recouvrance sails regularly from Brest, offering day sails for up to 25 passengers and overnight sails for up to 12.
She occasionally attends maritime festivals, and has visited many European nations.
Penfeld

The Penfeld (French pronunciation: [pɛ̃fɛl]; Breton: Penfell) is a 16 km (9.9 mi) French coastal river. The town of Brest, in Finistère, has grown up on its left (east) bank.
Its source is in the town of Gouesnou. It then passes through Bohars and Guilers (a village bears the river's name) before it flows out into the roadstead of Brest. The Penfeld runs along the former course of the river Aulne, shifted to the west by the opening of the goulet of the roadstead of Brest by the interglacial periods of the Quaternary Era. That explains its depth, which allows deep-draught ships to go quite a way upstream, with tides running up it up to 8 m (26 ft) deep.
At Brest, the Penfeld is crossed by the Pont de l’Harteloire then, some way downstream, by the Pont de Recouvrance, the largest vertical-lift bridge in Europe until it was dethroned by the Pont Gustave-Flaubert in 2007.
In its last stretch, within embankments 25–30 m (82–98 ft) high, the Penfeld runs through the Brest naval base, and at its mouth (a site whose strategic importance has been recognised since antiquity) is the 15th-century Château de Brest.
Étoile du Roy

Étoile du Roy ('King's Star'), formerly Grand Turk, is a three-masted sixth-rate frigate, designed to represent a generic warship during the Age of Sail, with her design greatly inspired by HMS Blandford. The ship was built in Marmaris, Turkey, in 1996 to provide a replica of a frigate for the production of the ITV series adapted from the novels about Royal Navy officer Horatio Hornblower by C. S. Forester. The tall ship is used mainly in sailing events, for corporate or private charter, and for receptions in her spacious saloon or on her deck. In 2010, the French company Étoile Marine Croisières, based in Saint-Malo, purchased the ship and renamed her Étoile du Roy.
The model for the replica was the frigate HMS Blandford (1741), designed by Michael Turk of Turks Shipyard Ltd. of Chatham, which was established in 1710. The modern replica was constructed of iroko planking over laminated mahogany frames. She has an overall length of 152 ft (46 m), and is 97 ft (30 m) at the waterline, with a beam of 34 ft (10 m) and a draught of 10 ft (3.0 m). The frigate is square-rigged on three masts with a sail area of 8,500 sq ft (790 m), and has two 400 hp (298 kW) Kelvin TAS8 diesel engines, and a 60 hp (45 kW) bow thruster, as well as four AC generators for electrical power.
The ship was originally fitted with six 9-pounder replica cannon constructed by the naval dockyard of Sevastopol, Ukraine. These guns consisted of a high tensile steel tube encased in moulded alloy to resemble the original weapons, and were designed only to fire 400 g (14 oz) black powder charges. On 24 August 2001 a crew member was injured after a premature explosion during the firing of a gun, while the ship was taking part in the International Festival of the Sea at Portsmouth. The Marine Accident Investigation Branch were obliged to consult the Keeper of Artillery from the Royal Armouries museum for technical assistance and advice.
Grand Turk is familiar as a stand in for HMS Indefatigable in the TV series Hornblower, although the historical Indefatigable was a much larger ship. She also served in the same TV series as the French ship Papillon. In 2000, she undertook a voyage around Britain for the National Trust, calling at eight ports, where she was open to the public with the National Trust 'Coast Show' on board. On 28 June 2005 she stood in for HMS Victory, Nelson's flagship at Trafalgar, during the International Fleet Review off Portsmouth (GB), commemorating the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar.
The frigate was purchased by Bob Escoffier of the Étoile Marine Croisières, which already operates a number of traditional sailing ships: Étoile de France, Étoile Molène, Étoile Polaire, Naire Maove' and the schooner-aviso Recouvrance in Brest (in partnership with its owner, the SOPAB). The final sale price was not disclosed.
After being moored in Whitby for over a decade, Grand Turk sailed for her current location in France on 16 March 2010.
Pont de Recouvrance

48°23′04″N 4°29′48″W﻿ / ﻿48.384381°N 4.496541°W﻿ / 48.384381; -4.496541
The Pont de Recouvrance (French pronunciation: [pɔ̃ də ʁəkuvʁɑ̃s]) is a vertical-lift bridge in Brest, France, across the river Penfeld. Opened on 17 July 1954, it was the largest vertical-lift bridge in Europe until the opening of the Rouen Pont Gustave-Flaubert in 2008. It links the bottom of the rue de Siam to the quartier de Recouvrance, replacing a swing bridge (the pont National) destroyed by Allied bombardment in 1944.
Each pylon is 70m high, and the 525-tonne lift span is 88m long.
The bridge was crossed by trolleybuses from its opening in 1954 until the closure of the Brest trolleybus system, in 1970.
The lift span was renovated in 2011 to allow the new tram line to cross the bridge. The tram line opened by July 2012.
João Café Filho

João Fernandes Campos Café Filho (Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 3 de febrero de 1899-Río de Janeiro, 20 de febrero de 1970) fue un abogado y político brasileño, Presidente Constitucional de Brasil (1954-1955).
Nacido en Natal, trabajó como periodista y abogado durante su juventud, habiendo participado de la Aliança Liberal en la campaña de 1930. En 1933 fundó el Partido Nacionalista de Rio Grande do Norte, y algunos años más tarde, el Partido Republicano Progresista.
En 1934 y 1945 fue elegido diputado federal, y en 1950 fue candidato a la vicepresidencia por la lista que encabezaba el antiguo gobernante, Getúlio Vargas.
Con el suicidio de Vargas, en su calidad de vicepresidente asumió la presidencia de la república el 24 de agosto de 1954, ejerciendo el cargo hasta el 8 de noviembre de 1955, cuando fue alejado (al princípio temporalmente y después definitivamente) de la presidencia por un movimiento político-militar "preventivo" liderado por el general Henrique Lott, en el denominado Movimiento del 11 de noviembre, bajo la acusación de impedir la toma de mando de Juscelino Kubitschek, elegido presidente en las elecciones de ese mismo año. Su sucesor interino, Carlos Luz, también fue depuesto por la misma revuelta militar tras cuatro días de mandato. De inmediato Nereu Ramos, Vicepresidente del Senado fue convocado para asumir el mando presidencial, el cual desempeñó desde el 12 de noviembre de 1955 hasta el 31 de enero de 1956.
El 22 de noviembre de 1955, el Congreso aprobó la existencia continuada de un impedimento para ejercer sus funciones como presidente de la república a Joao Café Filho, confirmando a Nereu Ramos como "Vice-Presidente del Senado Federal, en ejercicio del cargo de Presidente de la República" hasta completar el período constitucional 1951-56 y transferir el mando al presidente electo Dr. Kubitshcek en enero de 1956.
El Tribunal Supremo Federal rechazó los recursos para que Café Filho reasumiera sus funciones presidenciales, confirmando la resolución del Congreso, aunque jamás se lo despojó de su título de Presidente de la República.
En su gabinete se destacaron Eugênio Gudin (Hacienda), Juarez Távora (Jefe del Gabinete Militar), Henrique Lott (Guerra), Eduardo Gomes (Aeronáutica) y Raul Fernandes (Relaciones Exteriores).
Fue ministro del Tribunal de Cuentas de Río de Janeiro, durante toda la década de 1960.
Café Filho, educado en la Primera Iglesia Presbiteriana de Natal, fue el primer presidente protestante de Brasil.
Carlos Julio Siachoque

Carlos Julio Siachoque Quiñones (Bucaramanga, Santander, 6 de julio de 1949) es un exciclista colombiano, ganador de la Vuelta al Táchira en 1981 y varias etapas de la Vuelta a Colombia.
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A partir de la declaración de un informante anónimo y en el marco de la Operación Triángulo, destinada a seguir cargamentos de droga y armas, el 22 de noviembre de 1996 la Policía realizó un allanamiento a la residencia de Siachoque en el Barrio San Antonio de Bogotá encontrando una tonelada de cocaína camuflada en bultos de café. Siachoque se entregaría a las autoridades el 18 de septiembre de 1998 y luego de aceptar cargos por el delito de narcotráfico, sería condenado el 21 de junio de 1999​ por un juez sin rostro, al pago de una multa equivalente a 20 salarios mínimos y 9 años de cárcel de los cuales obtuvo 3 años de rebaja por su entrega y por sentencia anticipada.​
Siachoque pagó su condena en la cárcel de Ubaté y el 6 de agosto de 2001 regresó a la libertad luego de 33 meses en prisión por redención de parte de la pena por trabajo y estudio.
Inga brachyptera

Inga brachyptera (pacae, pacay, guama, guaba, pepeto, paterna o inga) es un árbol frondoso de la familia de las mimosoideas, propio de las zonas tropicales y subtropicales de Bolivia y Perú, aunque su consumo se ha extendido a Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay, Ecuador, Colombia, Panamá y Costa Rica, entre otros.​
Crece en espacios con una temperatura mayor a 20 °C y puede llegar a medir 20 metros. Sus productores suelen aprovechar su amplia copa para dar sombra a otros productos, como el café y el cacao.
Los frutos del pacay pueden recolectarse dos veces al año en condiciones óptimas. Son vainas verdes que en su interior llevan pequeños bultos de color blanco muy parecidos al algodón, los cuales envuelven una semilla negra y brillante. Se suele consumir la carne blanca mas no la semilla.
Inga brachyptera fue descrito por George Bentham y publicado en London Journal of Botany 4: 610–611. 1845.​
Constante Gil

Constante Gil Rodríguez (Taragoña (Rianjo) (La Coruña), 1926 - Valencia, 7 de junio de 2009) fue un pintor español e inventor del famoso cóctel "Agua de Valencia".​
Se trasladó de Galicia a la ciudad de Valencia en 1948, donde realiza toda su producción artística y vital. Se queda en propiedad el local Cervecería Madrid, donde crea el conocido cóctel "Agua de Valencia" que, junto a su público mayoritario de estudiantes de Bellas Artes y artistas, populariza el bar como un lugar de tertulias y manifestaciones artísticas.
Fue fundador del Grupo Bulto junto a Rafa Calduch, Uiso Alemany, Miguel Ángel Rios, Ramón de Soto, Pep Buigues y otros numerosos artistas valencianos, que se reunían en su café para socializar y popularizar el arte contemporáneo, creando el grupo artístico más influyente en la creación artística durante la transición democrática en Valencia.
Su obra más conocida es la serie de Tertulias de Café en la que retrata a la sociedad valenciana de los años de la transición, dentro del desaparecido café valenciano La Cervecería Madrid, local que dirigió de 1956 a 2000 y en el que creó la popular bebida denominada Agua de Valencia.​​
La serie Tertulias de Café define todo un género de la pintura de interior, donde los protagonistas son tertulianos y asiduos a un bar en el que se desarrolla gran parte de las actividades convergentes de un heterogéneo grupo humano muy influyente en los acontecimientos de cambio de la sociedad que se están produciendo en esos años. No se escribe sobre el café, pero se escribe mucho desde el café, se pinta, se habla, se planea, se vive... y Constante capta esa vida, y la interpreta en sus Tertulias pintadas.
En general, la pintura de Constante se puede describir como apuntes autobiográficos extraídos de la memoria de un niño gallego de diez años que es testigo de la muerte de su padre, de profesión pirotécnico, en la explosión de sus talleres.​
Corita

La corita es un tipo de cesta con forma globular y extendida con brillantes colores hecha por artesanos seris, principalmente mujeres. Se elaboran a partir de la fibra del Torote prieto (Jatropha cuneata), llamado Haat en lengua comca’ac, un arbusto típico del desierto, considerado sagrado para ellos.​
Se realizan en un tejido muy delgado con diseños y colores vegetales que los artesanos preparan, lo que las distingue como piezas únicas.​ Es un proceso muy laborioso, las mujeres del grupo, buscan las ramas y las tuestan en el fuego para eliminar la corteza, con el apoyo de sus dientes van rasgando tiras de diferentes tamaños, dependiendo del diseño, tamaño y complejidad del tejido. Después agrupan las tiras en pequeños bultos y las tiñen con productos vegetales, para el color negro utilizan la corteza del árbol del mezquite o lo extraen del chamizo; para el color marrón o café utilizan la raíz del cosohue o heepol, machacada y cocida; el color amarillo se obtiene de la flor de golondrina que llaman xométte. Una vez teñidas se sumergen en agua de mar para mejorar su flexibilidad, reafirmar su color y protegerlas de termitas o algún otro animal.​
En el comercio realizan siete diferentes tipos de coritas y canastos. Los diseños geométricos y de animales tradicionales de los comca´ac se complementan con otro tipo de diseños que pueden ser navajos, pimas y apaches. Los precios de la cestería seri son más altos en comparación con el resto de cestería de México, pero más bajo que las piezas elaboradas por las tribus de los Estados Unidos, cuyo valor y autenticidad están protegidos por Ley.​
Jeep trailer

The Jeep trailer was a small, 1⁄4 short ton (0.22 long tons; 0.23 t) payload rated, cargo trailer, designed in World War II, tailored to be towed by 1/4-ton jeeps. Versions of the quarter-ton jeep trailer remained in military use, by the U.S. or other countries, at least through to the 1990s.
When the jeep was developed, it needed a cargo trailer that would track behind the vehicle. The first trailer was called the "Trailer, 1/4-ton, 2-Wheel, Cargo, Amphibian". More than 150,000 jeep trailers were built by over ten different companies, during World War II alone. American Bantam built some 75,000 of their T-3, and kept building jeep trailers after the war. Willys-Overland also built more than 60,000 of their MBT units (Willys MB Trailers). Other manufacturers contributed only hundreds, or just a few thousand units. A special trailer was the Converto (Airborne) Dump Trailer, of which several thousand were built.
Later versions of the trailer were the M100 trailer for the Willys M38 jeep and the M416 trailer for the M151 jeep.
After World War II, several companies went on to produce these trailers for the civilian market. The military trailers often were rated for 1/4 ton usage for the sake of amphibious operations, many trailer designs were in actuality built to handle 1/2 ton loads with ease. In the post-war civilian world, many trailers were marketed as able to handle 1/2 to 3/4 ton weight loads.
Notable companies were Bantam with the T3-C, Henry Spen with the Model S, as well as Converto, Knox, and David Bradley. While the trailers maintained utility and ruggedness, other features required by the military fell to the wayside for utility, cost, and simplicity such as tailgates, parking brakes and blackout lights. Bright colors were often favored on civilian trailers in respect to peace time markets.
Today these civilian Jeep trailers are highly sought after for camping, light duty utility, agriculture, and collections, as are the military ones. Jeep trailers also found favor with road departments, construction crews, fire departments, park departments, and many other civil services and local government in North America. Restoration data is often scant to non-existent on the civilian trailers, but military trailers often have full specifications that have been preserved and shared.
List of U.S. military jeeps

This is a list of military light utility vehicles, of the kind commonly referred to as jeeps, and typically classified as 1⁄4-ton payload rated, manufactured by U.S. automakers, in order of first creation.
The U.S. has also used military vehicles that are directly related to jeeps, or were Willys / Jeep branded, but that digress significantly from the jeep vehicle-concept:
Willys M38

The Willys MC, formally the 1⁄4-Ton, 4 x 4, Utility Truck M38, or the G‑740 by its U.S. Army Standard Nomenclature supply catalog designation, is a quarter-ton four-wheel drive military light utility vehicle made by Willys between 1949 and 1952. It replaced (in production), and succeeded the World War II Willys MB and Ford GPW models, with a total production of some 50,000 units — less than one tenth the number of WWII models built. Unlike during WWII, Ford was no longer involved in the production.
The M38 was a military version of the then-current civilian Jeep CJ-3A. It differed from the CJ-3A in numerous ways, including a reinforced frame and suspension, waterproof 24-volt electrical system, sealed vent system for the engine, transmission, transfer case, fuel system and brake system.
Some M38 jeeps served in the Korean theatre of operations, but the majority of units used there were remanufactured World War II jeeps. Approximately 2,300 M38 Jeeps were manufactured by Ford of Canada for Canadian Armed Forces in 1952, designated as the M38-CDN jeep. The M38 Willys MC was succeeded by the M38A1 Willys MD in 1952.
The M38 windshield could be folded flat for firing and the body was equipped with a pintle hook for towing and lifting shackles front and rear. The headlights were no longer recessed as on previous models, but protruded with a guard wire in front. The "pioneer" tools (axe and shovel) which were carried on the MB's driver side were transferred to the passenger side of this vehicle.
The entire engine air intake and the axle system was fully vented to allow for operation while submerged under water. Its full-floating front axle (Dana 25) was supported by the wheel hub, rather than the axle itself, and provided greater load capacity. The rear axle (Dana 44) was semi-floating. Its drivetrain was the L-head 134.2 cu in (2.2 L) with a T-90 transmission and the Dana 18 transfer case.
A few M38 Jeeps were fitted with a transmission power take-off (PTO) driven winch. This feature was not used in regular production models due to increased weight on the front of the vehicle, as well as additional maintenance requirements.
The electrical system was upgraded to a 24 volt system which required dual 12 volt batteries connected in series. Its ignition and electrical systems were waterproof; a valuable feature in rainy environments and where deep river fording was necessary.
Coffee bag

A coffee bag is a container for shipping and storing coffee. Coffee beans are usually transported in large jute sacks, while coffee sold to consumers may be packaged as beans or ground coffee in a small, sealed plastic bag.
Large bulk bags, burlap bags or gunny sacks are traditionally used for storage and transport of coffee beans. Often, it is made of jute and has a content of 60 kilograms (130 pounds); this type of bag originated in Brazil and became a worldwide standard. It also became a measurement unit to this day, for example FAO's statistics on coffee production are expressed in 60-kg bags.
Jute fibers are treated with mineral oil, or historically whale oil, to improve spinnability, which raised questions about coffee contamination from these hydrocarbons, but further studies showed it to be infinitesimal. Bags with synthetic fibers (woven or non-woven) are commonly used now.
Once used, these decorative bags can be recycled or upcycled for many uses, including in clothing.
The 60 kg sack is starting to be replaced by huge polypropylene or polyethylene bags, such as the flexible intermediate bulk container. These are increasingly used for coffee exports - especially from Brazil. Intermodal shipping containers are common for international shipping.
Smaller bags are used by consumers for coffee beans or ground coffee. Multi-layer graphics bags have largely replaced steel cans (tins) for consumer ground coffee. There is a tendency for pressure from carbon dioxide to build up in these barrier bags. Special pressure relief valves have been developed to relieve the pressure without letting the atmosphere into the bags. Valves are either heat sealed or attached by adhesive. The bags are not readily recyclable but compare favourably in life-cycle studies with metal cans on broader issues.
Pickup Coffee

Pickup Coffee (stylized as PICKUP COFFEE) is a Philippine coffeeshop chain established in 2022 in Taguig.
Pickup Coffee began as a delivery-centric coffee venture, founded by Jaime Gonzales, Bien Lee, Diego Lorenzo, and Miguel Macaalay in February 2022. It opened its first outlet in June 2022 at Uptown Mall in Bonifacio Global City, Taguig.
Pickup Coffee would receive Series A1 funding from various Southeast Asian investors. By April 2023, the brand's valuation would be worth US$130 million (₱7.18 billion).
Initially limited to Metro Manila, Pickup Coffee expanded to Cebu in March 2023 and eventually to other provinces in the Philippines.
In December 2023, Pickup Coffee expanded to Mexico and opened their first branch in the country.
In mid-2024, Pickup Coffee launched their own dedicated mobile application for order and delivery.
Pickup Coffee offers various beverages at standard prices not exceeding ₱100 as of October 2022. It has coffee (including cold brew), milk, and tea-based drinks in its menu, as well as baked goods and pastries.
Indrian Koto

Indrian Koto namo asli Indrian Toni (lahia 19 Februari 1983 di Lansano; umua 39 tahun) adolah penyair, cerpenis, dan panggiat sastra Indonesia. Indrian Koto kini tingga di Yogyakarta dan mandirikan penerbitan.
Pleidoi Malin Kundang (buku puisi 2017)
Usmar Junus

Umar Junus (lahia di Silungkang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia, 2 Mei 1934 – maningga di Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 8 Maret 2010 pado umua 75 taun) adolah saurang kritikus sastra Indonesia. Umar memperoleh ijazah sarjana sastra dari Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta pado taun 1959 dan Ijazah Doktor Falsafah dari Universitas Malaya pado taun 1983. Bersama HB Jassin, inyo marupoan saurang kritikus sastra Indonesia nan sangaik produktif.
Dalam dunia panulisan esei dan kritik, Umar Junus banyak manulih dalam Bahaso Melayu dan pernah juo manulih karya ilmiah dalam Bahaso Inggeris bagi jurnal lua negeri. Inyo mulo berkecimpung dalam bidang iko sajak taun 1953. Buku-bukunya termasuklah Pakambangan Puisi Melayu Moden; Sosiologi Sastera; Persoalan Teori dan Metode dan antologi eseinya dalam Catatan Si Malin Kundang.
Parang Diponegoro

Parang Diponegoro nan juo disabuik jo Parang Jawa (Inggirih: The Java War, Balando: De Java Oorlog) adolah parang gadang nan balansuang salamo limo taun (1825-1830) di Pulau Jawa, Hindia Balando (kini Indonesia). Parang ko malibekan pasukan Balando di bawah pimpinan Jenderal Hendrik Merkus de Kock nan barusaho mamadaman palawanan panduduak Jawa di bawah pimpinannyo Pangeran Diponegoro. Akibek parang ko, panduduak Jawa nan tewas di pihak Balando bajumlah 8.000 tentara Balando jo 7.000 serdadu pribumi. Akhir parang mambulekan panguasaan Balando ateh Pulau Jawa.
Bakabaliakan dari Parang nan dipimpin dek Raden Ronggo sakitaran 15 taun sabalumnyo, pasukan Jawa juo manampekan masyarakat Tionghoa di tanah Jawa sabagai target panyarangannyo. Namun, maskipun Pangeran Diponegoro sacaro tageh malarang pasukannyo untuak basakutu jo masyarakat Tionghoa, sabagian pasukan Jawa nan barado di pasisia utara (sakitaran Rembang jo Lasem) manarimo bantuan dari panduduak Tionghoa satampek nan rato-rato alah baragamo Islam.
Pasataruan pihak karaton Jawa jo Balando alah dimulai sajak kadatangan Marsekal Herman Willem Daendels di Batavia pado tanggal 5 Januari 1808. Maskipun inyo hanyo ditugasan untuak mampasiapan Jawa sabagai basis patahanan Prancis malawan Inggris (katiko tu Balando dikuasai dek Prancis), tapi Daendels juo mangubah etiket jo tato upacara nan manyababkan tajadinyo kabancian ka pihak karaton Jawa. Inyo mamakso pihak Keraton Yogyakarta untuak maagiah akses ka babagai sumber daya alam jo manusia dengn mengerahan kakuatan militernyo, mambangun jalur antaro Anyer jo Panarukan, hinggo akhirnyo tajadi insiden padagangan kayu jati di daerah mancanegara (wilayah Jawa di timur Yogyakarta) nan manyababkan tajadinyo pambarontakan Raden Ronggo. Sasudah kagagalan pambarontakan Rade Ronggo (1810), Daendels mamakso Sultan Hamengkubuwana II mambayia karugian parang sarato hal lainnyo nan manghino nan manyababkan tajadinyo pasiteruan antar keluarga keraton (1811). Namun, pado taun nan samo, pasukan Inggris mandaraik di Jawa jo mangalahan pasukan Balando.
Pado tanggal 6 Desember 1822, Hamangkubuwana IV maningga pado usia 19 taun. Ratu Ageng (permaisuri Hamengkubuwana II) jo Gusti Kangjeng Ratu Kencono (permaisuri Hamengkubuwana IV) mamohon jo sangaik kapado pamarentah Balando untuak mangokohan putra Hamengkubuwana IV nan masih barusia 2 taun untuak manjadi Hamengkubuwana V sarato indak manjadian Paku Alam sabagai wali baliak. Pangeran Diponegoro salanjuiknyo diangkek manjadi wali untuak kaponakannyo basamo jo Mangkubumi.