davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Wantilan

A wantilan is a Balinese pavilion (bale) used for activities involving large crowds. A wantilan is the largest type of bale in Balinese architecture. A wantilan is basically a large wall-less hall placed under a large multi-tiered roof. A wantilan as a public building is usually located at a village's main square or main junction and functions as an open hall to hold large community activities such as meeting halls or a public musical gamelan performance. A wantilan is also a religious building, an integral part of Balinese temples used to hold the Balinese cockfighting ceremony (Balinese tajen).
The wantilan is an imposing pavilion built over a low plinth and topped with two or three tiered pyramidal roofs. The building has no walls. The enormous roof is traditionally supported by four main posts and twelve or twenty peripheral posts. The roof is normally constructed in two or three tiers (Balinese matumpang), covered with clay pantiles or thatched material.
The space of a wantilan is usually a simple flat floor, sometimes with a stage on the other end where gamelan or traditional dances can be performed. Sometimes the floor is designed like a rectangular amphitheater facing a central raised stage; this kind of wantilan is usually used for holding a cockfighting ceremony. A wantilan is typically found at the center of a Balinese village (public-use) or at the outermost courtyard of a Balinese temple compound (religious-use).
A wantilan is used for large community activities such as communal meetings, which are held by simply sitting on the floor. In modern times, a wantilan is used for sport activities, performances, traditional dance classes, or even to hold a seminar or as a dining hall of a restaurant. In Ubud, a wantilan is located close to Pasar Ubud farmer's market at the street junction of Jalan Raya Ubud and Jalan Suweta.
A wantilan is an integral part of a Balinese temple. In a Balinese templex complex, the wantilan is normally placed in the jaba (outermost) part of the temple compound, close to the candi bentar gateway. This wantilan is traditionally used to hold the gamelan performance or to hold the cockfighting (Balinese tajen) ceremony during certain events. Cockfighting is a religious obligation at every Balinese temple festival or religious ceremony. Cockfighting is an old tradition in Balinese Hinduism, dating from the 10th-century AD. The cockfighting ritual of Bali is a form of animal sacrifice, known as tabuh rah ("pouring blood"), which is practiced as a religious purification ritual to expel evil spirits.
Cockfighting used to be held not only in the wantilan of the temple compound, but also in a village's wantilan, where it mostly serves no religious purpose. Since 1981, the government of Indonesia has banned cockfighting activities in Indonesia, when it is considered as gambling. Since then, holding the tajen in a village wantilan has been banned, with the exception in a temple compound. A wantilan in Pura Taman Ayun temple complex still holds a cockfighting ceremony during a certain purification ritual.
Médéa

Médéa (Arabic: المدية, romanized: al-Madiya) is the capital city of Médéa Province, Algeria. It is located roughly 68 km south of Algiers. The present-day city is situated on the site of an ancient Roman military post and has a history dating back to the 10th century. The town is French in character, with a rectangular city plan, red tile-roofed buildings, and beautiful public gardens. The hills surrounding Médéa are covered with vineyards, orchards, and farms that yield abundant grain. Médéa's chief products are wines, irrigation equipment, and various handicrafts.
Medea is a Roman city named ad Medix or Media ("halfway" in Latin), so called because it was equidistant from Tirinadi (Berrouaghia) and Sufnsar (Amourah) rest house of Mauretania caesarean on the road linking the capital Caesarea (Cherchell) to the colony Auzia (Aumale).
During the Roman Empire there was a settlement called Lamdia at Médéa. Lamdia was the seat of an ancient Christian bishopric of the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis. Only one bishop of the town is known. The Donatist Felix attended the 411 Conference of Carthage. The town at that time had no Catholic bishops. Today Lamdia survives as a titular bishopric of the Roman Church and the current bishop is Marian Eleganti, bishop of Chur.
Following the defeat of the Berbers in the 11th century, Arab tribes of Hilal and Sulaym descent were settled in the region, mixing with and Arabicizing the local Berbers.
Médéa was the capital of the Beylik of Titteri; a Bey, deputy of the Dey of Algiers, was resident there. The beylik of Titteri (chief Medea) was established in 1548. The last Bey, Mostefa Boumezrag, ran it from 1819 to 1830, when the French arrived. In 1837, after the Treaty of Tafna, Medea became one of the capitals of the part of Algeria ruled by Abdelkader El Djezairi, but was occupied by the French when they eventually took possession of the whole of Algeria. Until 1962 Médéa was a garrison town for the French army.
In the nearby village of Tibhirine is the Abbey of Our Lady of Atlas. The monastery was from 1935 to 1996 home to a Trappist community when most of them were abducted by the Armed Islamic Group on 27 March 1997. Two months later, the group announced their deaths and their heads were found though it remains uncertain as to who was responsible for their deaths. The monastery buildings were then turned over to Chemin Neuf Community, a Catholic community originally from Lyon, France.
One of the largest pharmaceutical production units in Algeria (Saidal-Antibiotical) is located in Medea.
Shoe factories also established in Takbou and M'Salah.
An Réabhlóid Ghlórmhar

Tugtar an Réabhlóid Ghlórmhar (nó an Réabhlód Protastúnach) ar an réabhlóid sa bhliain 1688 a ruaig an Rí Séamas a Dó as ríchathaoir Shasana agus a chuir Liam a Trí de mhuintir Oráiste-Nassau ina áit. Ba é John Hampden a bhaist an réabhlóid mar sin, agus an bhliain 1689 ag druidim chun deireanais, agus is ainm é a thugann Parlaimint Shasana ar na himeachtaí seo go hoifigiúil.
Uaireanta, deirtear gur réabhlóid gan doirteadh fola a bhí ann, ach ní fíor é. Le fírinne, bhí scirmisí idir an dá arm, agus bhí scliúchais fhrith-Chaitliceacha in áiteanna. Thairis sin, cuireadh Cogadh an Dá Rí in Éirinn, agus troideadh cúpla mór chath in Albain, go háirithe i gCoille Chnagaidh (cath Raon Ruairidh, mar a thugtar air i nGaeilge na hAlban) agus i nDùn Chaillinn.
Páirtí Cumannach na hÉireann

Páirtí beag Marxach uile-oileánda é Páirtí Cumannach na hÉireann (Béarla: The Communist Party of Ireland nó CPI) a bunaíodh sa bhliain 1933.
Ní raibh an páirtí Cumannach riamh mór in Éirinn ná níor imir sé tionchar mór ar chúrsaí polaitíochta. Fuair na baill sásamh as a bheith mar chuid de ghluaisteacht mhór dhomhanda, gluaiseacht a n-éireodh léi athruithe chun feabhais a dhéanamh, dar leo.
Rinneadh Páirtí Sóisialach na hÉireann, páirtí eile a bhíodh ann roimhe, a athainmniú mar Páirtí Cumannach na hÉireann (nó Communist Party of Ireland) sa bhliain 1921 tar éis dó cleamhnacht a dhéanamh leis an Idirnáisiúnaí Commanach nó an Communist International ach díscaoileadh é sa bhliain 1924. Bunaíodh PCÉ an lae inniu sa bhliain 1933 ag Grúpaí na n-Oibrithe Réabhlóideacha.
Poblacht na hÉireann (1919)

Is í Poblacht na hÉireann (1919) an stát réabhlóideach a bhí bunaithe ag baill na Chéad Dála. Bunaíodh í i gcoinne stát na Breataine chun neamhspleáchas na hÉireann a bhaint amach agus neamhaird a thabhairt ar riail na Breataine in Éirinn.
Thóg na baill a sainordú ó Éirí Amach na Cásca agus ó Olltoghchán na Breataine 1918, inar bhuaigh Sinn Féin 73 suíochán, an chuid is mó de na suíocháin in Éirinn.
Ba é arm na poblachta seo a throid Cogadh na Saoirse (Éire) idir 1919 agus 1921. Chuir Sinn Féin an Phoblacht ar bun, chuir siad cuireadh go dtí an Páirtí Náisiúnach agus an Páirtí Aontachta ach dhiúltaigh siad chun a bheith ann.
Fuair an Phoblacht aitheantas ón Aontas Sóivéadach ach ba í sin an tír amháin a thug aitheantas di.
Bhí rath ag an bpoblacht maidir le cúirteanna dúchasacha a chruthú agus ord a choimeád. Chomh maith le sin, bhí an-tacú ag daoine náisiúnacha leis an rialtas nua.
Sa deireadh, neamhbhunaigh an phoblacht tar éis an Conradh Angla-Éireannach agus bhunaigh Saorstát Éireann ina háit.
Áfach, níor shín an riail go Oirthuaisceart na hUladh, áit ina bhfuil méid mór Aontachtóirí.
Dúirt an phoblacht go raibh údarás aici ar oileán iomlán na hÉireann, ach ní raibh riail na poblachta ann in áiteanna de Ulaidh, mar shíneadh ar sin, ní raibh na Sé Contae in Oir-thuaisceart na hÉireann ann i Saorstát Éireann. Rinne Tuaisceart Éireann astu.
Dáil Éireann

Is í Dáil Éireann teach íochtarach an Oireachtais, an pharlaimint i bPoblacht na hÉireann. Is í an chraobh is treise san Oireachtas í, agus i bhfad níos mó cumhachta aici ná mar atá ag an teach uachtarach, Seanad Éireann. In éineacht leis an tSeanad ritheann sí dlíthe a thagann i bhfeidhm má chuireann an tUachtarán a lámh leo, ach is féidir leis an Dáil neamhthoil an tSeanaid a shárú agus ní mór don Uachtarán glacadh le Bille atá rite ag an Oireachtas ach amháin má fheictear dó gur sárú ar an Bhunreacht atá ann. Is í an Dáil a ainmníonn Taoiseach lena cheapadh ag an Uachtarán.
Cruinníonn an Dáil i dTeach Laighean i mBaile Átha Cliath ó 1922. Ach bunaíodh an Chéad Dáil sa bhliain 1919. Ba Dháil réabhlóideach í, a bunaíodh an lá ar bhris Cogadh na Saoirse amach sa tír.
B'é an Dara Dáil (in 1922) a bhí i bhfeidhm nuair a vótáil an Dáil ar son an Chonradh Angla-Éireannach i 1922, B'é an Tríú Dáil an chéad Dáil a toghadh faoi chóras an chonartha sin, i 1922 chomh maith. Mar gheall ar a n-easaontú leis an gConradh, staon na frith-chonraitheoirí ón Tríú Dáil (1922-1923) agus ón gCeathrú Dáil (1923-1927), ach scar páirtí nua, Fianna Fáil, ó na frithchonraitheoirí eile i Sinn Féin sa bhliain 1926 ionas go mbeidís in ann páirt a ghlacadh sa Dáil faoi chóras an chonartha, agus ghlac an páirtí sin suíocháin i nDáil Éireann sa Chúigiú Dáil (1927) agus i ngach Dáil ina diaidh.
Leagadh amach ról bunreachtúil na Dála mar atá faoi láthair don chéad uair i 1937, nuair a cuireadh Poblacht na hÉireann ar bun mar stát, agus bunreacht nua ag baint léi.
Ón gcéad lá cuireadh seirbhís aistriúcháin chomhuainigh (nó seirbhís ateangaireachta) ar fáil le linn shuíonna na Dála. Soláthraíodh an tseirbhís sin i Seomra na Dála i dtosach ach, ón mbliain 1991 i leith, déantar é a sholáthar ó stiúideo seachtrach a bhfuil nasc físe agus fuaime aige leis an Seomra.
Toghtar go díreach í ar a laghad uair amháin gach cúig bliana leis an gcóras ionadaíocht chionmhar agus an t-Aonvóta Inaistrithe.
De réir rialacha Dháil Éireann, is féidir le cúigear Teachtaí Dála, nó níos mó, teacht le chéile mar ghrúpa teicniúil, mar a thugtar air, a fhad is gur sa fhreasúra atá siad. Tugann stádas mar ghrúpa teicniúil cead dóibh siúd atá páirteach ann rúin a chur os comhair na Dála agus dúshlán an Taoisigh a thabhairt le linn Cheisteanna na gCeannairí.
An 31ú Dáil

Seisiún rialtais in Éirinn ba ea an 31ú Dáil (2011-2016). Ba ea Fine Gael an páirtí is mó sa Dáil, i gcomhrialtas le Páirtí an Lucht Oibre. Is é seo a leanas miondealú na bpáirtithe sa Dáil:
Seo thíos liosta de na TDanna a toghadh chun Dáil Éireann san olltoghchán, roinnte de réir páirtí.
An 32ú Dáil

Mhair an 32ú Dáil ó 10 Márta 2016 go dtí an 14 Eanáir 2020.
Is é seo a leanas miondealú na bpáirtithe sa Dáil:
Seo thíos liosta de na TDanna a toghadh go Dáil Éireann i dToghchán Ginearálta 2016, is iad roinnte de réir páirtí.
An Chéad Dáil

Ar an 21 Eanáir 1919, tháinig ionadaithe tofa Shinn Féin le chéile leis an gCéad Dáil a chur ar siúl. D'fhógair siad “Poblacht na hÉireann” i dTeach an Ard-Mhéara i mBaile Átha Cliath.
Ba í an Chéad Dáil parlaimint Éireannach nua a bunaíodh i mBaile Átha Cliath, Poblacht na hÉireann sa bhliain 1919. Ag an am, ba pháirt den Ríocht Aontaithe í an tír, agus shuigh na polaiteoirí i Westminster, Sasana. Ach tar éis Éirí Amach na Cásca in 1916, bhí a lán tacaíochta ag an bpáirtí poblachtach Sinn Féin, agus bhunaigh siad a bparlaimint nua féin in Éirinn leis an ainm "Dáil Éireann".
Ag an chéad chruinniú ar an 21 Eanáir, eisíodh Faisnéis Neamhspleádhchuis, nó Forógra Neamhspleáchais na hÉireann, mar a ghlaoitear air anois, ag rá go raibh Poblacht na hÉireann i bhfeidhm.
Bhí a lán de na hionaid Éireannacha fós i bpríosún, agus dá bharr ní raibh ach 26 díobh i láthair.
Bhí an chéad chruinniú i dTeach an Ardmhéara, agus rinneadh an chuid is mó den ghnó i nGaeilge. Toghadh Cathal Brugha ina Cheann Comhairle (nó cathaoirleach) agus cuireadh cúpla cáipéis i láthair:
Dhearbhaigh an Forógra Neamhspleáchais gurb rialtas ar stát ardcheannasach í an Dáil leis an ainm Dáil Éireann, agus ansin bhunaigh an Dáil comhaireacht faoin ainm "An Aireacht". Chomh maith le sin, roghnaíodh duine amháin a bheith ina "Phríomh-Aire" agus leis an teideal "Uachtarán ar Dháil Éireann" freisin. Ba é Brugha an príomh-aire sealadach a toghadh, agus tháinig de Valera isteach ina áit i mí Aibreáin.
Briseadh amach Cogadh Angla-Éireannach ar an lá céanna, 21 Eanáir 1919. Rinne cathlán de chuid an IRA (baill de Thríú Briogáid Thiobráid Árann) luíochán ar bheirt chonstábla RIC ag Sulchóid Bheag i dTiobráid Árann. Breathnaítear ar an ionsaí mar thús oifigiúil le Cogadh Saoirse na hÉireann nó an Cogadh Angla-Éireannach
I mí na Samhna 1919, dhearbhaigh Rialtas na Breataine go raibh an Dáil mí-dhleathach agus ó shin ar aghaidh bhí orthu teacht le chéile faoi rún.
Bhí an chéad aireacht i bhfeidhm ó 21 Eanáir 1919 go dtí 1 Aibreán 1919.
Bhí an dara haireacht i bhfeidhm ó 1 Aibreán 1919 go dtí 26 Lúnasa 1921.
Dara Dáil

Ar an 16 Lúnasa 1921, tháinig an Dara Dáil le chéile (Béarlaː Second Dáil). Thug an Dáil Cogadh na Saoirse chun deiridh, nuair a ritheadh an Conradh Angla-Éireannach in Eanáir 1922 le 64 vóta go 57, in ainneoin na conspóide a bhain leis.
Chuir rialtas na Breataine an tAcht um Rialtas na hÉireann i bhfeidhm ar 23 Nollaig 1920. Leis an Acht rinneadh Éire a chríochdheighilt feadh na línte céanna a bhí leagtha amach ag Lloyd George i 1916 agus rinneadh foráil do dhá rialtas Rialtais Dúchais in Éirinn.
Dhiúltaigh an Dáil don Acht um Rialú na hÉireann, ach shocraigh sí socruithe an toghcháin a úsáid chun teachtaí a thoghadh don dara Dáil. Gan aon fhreasúra i 124 thoghcheantar de na 128 dtoghcheantar nua, bhuaigh Sinn Féin gach suíochán iontu.
I measc na chéad mhíreanna gnó, bhí plé le déanamh ar an sos cogaidh. Bhí toscaireacht le ceapadh le dul anonn go Londain agus caibidlíocht a dhéanamh ar son conradh ceangailteach.
Conradh Angla-Éireannach
Shínigh na toscairí an Conradh Angla-Éireannach ar an 6 Nollaig 1921, ach bhí sé faoi réir a dhaingnithe ag an Dáil. I sraith suíonna den Dáil a thosaigh an 14 Nollaig – sa Choláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath ar Ardán Phort an Iarla an t-am seo – rinne na Comhaltaí díospóireacht ar an gconradh. Dhaingnigh an Dáil an conradh le 64 vóta in aghaidh 57 vóta ar an 7 Eanáir 1922 agus d’fhógair Uachtarán Dháil Éireann, Éamon de Valera, go raibh sé i gceist aige éirí as.
Ba é Teach an Ard-Mhéara i mBaile Átha Cliath an t-ionad ar dtús.
Mar gheall ar an sos cogaidh ar 12 Iúil, bhí deis ag an dara Dáil nua-thofa suí níos minice agus go hoscailte agus bhí deis ann na himeachtaí a fhoilsiú ar bhealach níos iomláine.
Máire Ní Dhonnchadha Dhuibh

Bean uasal agus file traidisiúnta ba ea Máire Ní Dhonnchadha Dhuibh (c. 1702-1795?). Is minic a thugtar “Máire Ní Duibh” uirthi.
Rugadh í i nGleann Fleisce i gContae Chiarraí timpeall 1702. Iníon le Domhnall Ó Donnchadha agus le hAilís Feiritéar ba ea í agus í de shliocht Uí Dhonnchadha an Ghleanna. Bhain a géag féin den mhuintir sin feidhm as an iarmhír Dubh. File ba ea uncail léi, Séafraidh Ó Donnchadha, agus é de nós aige fáilte a fhearadh ar fhilí agus eile i gCaisleán Chill Átha.
Timpeall 1718 phós sí Domhnall Mór Ó Conaill, agus deirtear gurb ise a rinne maoirseacht ar thógáil a dtí nua, Teach Dhoire Fhíonáin. Bhí dhá dhuine clainne ar fhichid acu agus tháinig ceathrar mac agus ochtar iníonacha slán. Thit an teach ar a mac Muiris an Chaipín. Ba í an file Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill an iníon ba chlúití aici. Síltear go bhfuair sí bás timpeall 1795.
Bean chaolchumtha chumasach fhionn ba ea í, súile donna aici agus féith na filíochta inti. Ba ghnách le huaisle Gaelacha na háite fós a gclann a chur á n-altramú ag feirmeoirí na dúiche, nós ar chloígh Máire Ní Duibh leis, agus leanfadh na deirfiúracha agus na deartháireacha altrama a clann go deo. Ba mhór an teaghlach a bhí aici, idir pháistí, shearbhóntaí agus chailíní aimsire, agus neart oibre le déanamh: arbhar le tabhairt isteach, arán le déanamh, líon agus olann le sníomh agus a lán eile.
Bhí Máire go maith chun caoineadh nó amhrán a chumadh. Chaoin sí Seán, an mac ba shine aici (agus ab ansa léi, b’fhéidir), go géar ar an sean-nós, agus chaoin sí a mac Donnchadh agus a chairde gaoil nuair a chuaigh siad thar lear chun dul le saighdiúireacht. Is í a bhí deas ar véarsaíocht níos éadroime a chumadh freisin, leithéid na línte seo as amhrán dá mná sníofa tuirne tar éis a lóin:
Tá línte eile ann a mhair i gcuimhne na ndaoine, línte a thugann léargas ar an gcaidreamh éasca idir bean uasal agus tionónta:
Máire:
An tionónta:
Máire:
An tionónta:
An Bhainis i gCána

An chéad mhíorúilt a chuirtear i leith Íosa Críost i soiscéal Eoin ná scéal ina ndearna sé fíon d'uisce ag bainis i gCána na Gailíle.
I scéal an tSoiscéil, tugtar cuireadh d'Íosa, a mháthair, agus a dheisceabail chun bainise. Nuair a thugann a mháthair faoi deara nach bhfuil aon fhíon fágtha, déanann Íosa fíon d'uisce. Is ábhar conspóide i measc scoláirí bíobalta agus seandálaithe láthair Chána; tá roinnt sráidbhailte sa Ghailíl a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ann.
Glactar leis an gcuntas mar fhianaise ar aontú Íosa le pósadh agus le ceiliúradh saolta, agus úsáidtear é freisin mar argóint i gcoinne lánstaonta.
Deir sé i Soiscéal Eoin 2:1-11 go raibh Íosa ag bainis “i gCána sa Ghailíl” lena mháthair (gan ainm i Soiscéal Eoin) agus lena dheisceabail. Dúirt máthair Íosa leis, “Níl aon fhíon acu,” agus d’fhreagair Íosa, “Cad ab áil leat díom, a bhean? Níl m'uairse tagtha fós.” Dúirt a mháthair ansin leis an lucht freastail, “Déanaigí cibé ní a déarfaidh sé libh.” (Eoin 2:3-5). D’ordaigh Íosa do na seirbhísigh soithí cloiche a líonadh le huisce, iad a tharraingt amach, agus é a thabhairt go dtí máistir na fleá. Tar éis don máistir an t-uisce ina fhíon a bhlaiseadh, i ngan fhios dó cárb as ar tháinig sé, dúirt sé leis an bhfear nuaphósta gur imigh sé ón nós an fíon ab fhearr a riar ar dtús (Eoin 2:6-10). Deir an soiscéalaí mar fhocal scoir: “Rinne Íosa an chéad cheann sin dá chomharthaí i gCána sa Ghailíl, agus thaispeáin sé a ghlóir agus chreid a dheisceabail ann” (Eoin 2:11).
Deirtear go ndearna Naomh Colm Cille míorúilt cosúil leis seo sa séú haois nuair a bhí sé ina dheagánach in Éirinn faoi Fhionnán Mhaigh Bhile. Bhí Fionnán ag léamh Aifrinn, ach ní raibh aon fhíon acu. Chuaigh Colm Cille ar aghaidh ansin go dtí tobar agus tharraing sé uisce. Ghlaoigh sé ar ainm Chríost agus bheannaigh sé an t-uisce a tharraing sé as an tobar, agus leis sin, rinneadh fíon de, agus thug sé an fíon chuig an Aifreann.
Is iomaí léiriú ar an mbainis i gCána i stair na healaíne.
Gerry Fitt

Ba pholaiteoir as Tuaisceart Éireann é Gerard "Gerry" Fitt, nó Barún Fitt of Bell's Hill, (9 Aibreán 1926 – 26 Lúnasa 2005). Bhí sé i measc na ndaoine a bhunaigh an SDLP (Páirtí Sóisialach Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre) sa bhliain 1970.
Rugadh Fitt i mBéal Feirste. Fuair sé a chuid oideachais ó na mBráithre Críostaí. Chaith sé na blianta idir 1941 agus 1953 i sheirbhís an chabhlaigh. Bhíodh cónaí ar Fitt i mBóthar na bhFál, agus sheas sé mar ionadaí don bhóthar ar son pháirtí lucht oibre sa bhliain 1956. Fuair Paddy Devlin, ó Pháirtí Lucht Oibre na hÉireann an ceann is fearr air, áfach.
Sa bhliain 1958, toghadh Fitt do Chomhairle Cathrach Bhéal Feirste mar bhall de Pháirtí Lucht Oibre na hÉireann. Sa bhliain 1962, bhuaigh sé suíochán i Stormont.
San olltoghchán Westminster sa bhliain 1966, bhuaigh Fitt an suíochán in iarthar Bhéal Feirste.
D'úsáid Fitt a shuíochán i Westminster chun fadhbanna i dTuaisceart Éireann a chuir os chomhair na Breataine. Ba MP comhbhraiteach é a bhí i láthair ag an agóid cearta daonna i nDoire ar an 5 Deireadh Fómhair 1968. Chloígh Constáblacht Ríoga Uladh Fitt an lá sin, i measc daoine eile.
Thug Fitt tacaíocht do Bernadette Devlin sa bhliain 1969.
I mí Lúnasa 1970 bhí Fitt mar an chéad cheannaire ar pháirtí nua, Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre (SDLP). Bunaíodh an SDLP tar éis comhráite sa nGaeltacht i dTír Chonaill idir John Hume, Austin Currie, Paddy O’Hanlon, Paddy Devlin agus Gerry Fitt. Ba é Gerry Fitt an ceannaire mar gurbh é an polaiteoir ba shinsearaí díobh, an t-aon Fheisire Parlaiminte in Westminster ina measc.
Ghlac an SDLP páirt i Westminster (rud nach ndearna Sinn Féin).
Bhí síorcháineadh ar a ceannaireachtaagus b'fhéidir nach raibh bua na ceannaireachta ag Fitt, san áit chontráilte ag an am contráilte. De réir a chéile, thit Fitt amach lena pháirtí, le náisiúnaigh, agus le rialtas na Breataine. Sa bhliain 1979 staon Fitt ó vóta tábhachtach i Westminster; thit an rialtas Lucht Oibre as chumhacht agus tháinig Margaret Thatcher agus na Toraithe isteach.
Sa bhliain 1980 cuireadh John Hume ina áit mar cheannaire, agus d'fhág Fitt an páirtí.
Sa bhliain 1981 bhí Fitt in aghaidh na Stailceanna ocrais sa phríosún Maze i mBéal Feirste.
I mí na Bealtaine na bliana 1983, chaill Fitt a shuíochán do Gerry Adams.
Fuair Fitt bás ar an 26 Lúnasa 2005, 79 bliain d'aois, de bharr galair croí. Bhí ceathrar iníon aige.
Irish Women's Suffrage Society

The Irish Women's Suffrage Society was an organisation for women's suffrage, founded by Isabella Tod as the North of Ireland Women's Suffrage Society in 1872. Determined lobbying by the Society ensured the 1887 Act creating a new city-status municipal franchise for Belfast conferred the vote on persons rather than men. This was eleven years before women elsewhere Ireland gained the vote in local government elections.
It changed its name to the Irish Women's Suffrage Society in 1909. It was based in Belfast but had branches in other parts of the north of Ireland. Weekly meetings in Belfast discussed temperance, infant mortality, sex education, venereal disease, white slave trafficking, protective factory legislation for women and equal opportunities. During the height of the Home Rule crisis in 1912–1913 the WSS held at least 47 open-air meetings in Belfast, and mounted dinner-hour pickets at factory gates to engage working women.
Leading members included Margaret McCoubrey, Elizabeth McCracken (the writer "L.A.M. Priestley") and Elizabeth Bell (the first woman in Ireland to qualify as a gynaecologist). The society was also joined by Winifred Carney, a trade union secretary and close associate of James Connolly. When in 1913, Dorothy Evans, at the behest of Christabel Pankhurst, started organizing the Women's Social and Political Union (WPSU) in Belfast, these and other members joined the British organization, and were implicated in the direct action it launched early 1914 against Ulster Unionists to protest their failure to commit to women's suffrage.
By April 1914, Evans had won over so many from the IWSS that the society formally disbanded.
A suffrage society, with a greater commitment to direct action, had been set up in Lisburn by Lillian Metge who also cooperated with Evans in the WSPU campaign.
2024 European Parliament election in Ireland

The 2024 European Parliament election in Ireland is the Irish component of the 2024 European Parliament election and was held on Friday, 7 June 2024, the same day as the Irish local elections and Limerick mayoral election.
Ireland is entitled to 14 MEPs in the Tenth European Parliament. They are elected on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote in three constituencies:
Thirteen MEPs were elected in 2019. However, the last candidate elected in Dublin and in South did not take their seats until January 2020, as part of the post-Brexit redistribution of seats. Ireland was allocated an additional seat in 2023 after a pre-election assessment of the parliament composition based on the most recent population figures. The Electoral Commission recommended this seat be given to Midlands–North-West, with the transfer of County Laois and County Offaly from Ireland South. This change was implemented by the Electoral (Amendment) Act 2023.
Irish citizens and other non-Irish EU citizens residing in the country are entitled to vote in the European elections in Ireland, provided that they are registered to vote for EU elections and that they compiled a statutory declaration issued by the local authority of their residence. Irish citizens residing abroad cannot vote for an election or referendum in Ireland. In addition, those eligible to vote must turn 18 years old by election day at the latest.
The table shows the detailed composition of the Irish seats at the European Parliament as of 24 January 2024.
On Monday 20 May 2024 RTÉ One's Upfront with Katie Hannon hosted a debate between eight candidates running in the Midlands-North-West constituency: Peter Casey (Ind), Barry Cowen (FF), Luke 'Ming' Flanagan (Ind), Saoirse McHugh (Ind), Chris MacManus (SF), Pauline O'Reilly (GP), Peadar Tóibín (Aon) and Maria Walsh (FG).
On Friday 30 May RTÉ One's Prime Time hosted 8 candidates from the South constituency: Lorna Bogue (Rabh), Paul Gavan (SF), Niamh Hourigan (Lab), Billy Kelleher (FF), Michael McNamara (Ind), John Mullins (FG), Grace O'Sullivan (GP) and Mick Wallace of (I4C).
On Tuesday 4 June RTÉ One's Prime Time hosted 8 candidates from the Dublin constituency: Barry Andrews (FF), Ciarán Cuffe (GP), Clare Daly (I4C), Regina Doherty (FG), Aodhán Ó Riordáin (Lab), Lynn Boylan (SF), Sinéad Gibney (SDs) and Bríd Smith (PBP–S).
The elected MEPs took office on 16 July. This left four vacancies in the Dáil and one vacancy in the Seanad. Another senator elected as an MEP had resigned her Seanad seat on 10 July, and was replaced by a nominee on the same day. A writ for by-elections for the vacancies in the Dáil must be moved within 6 months of that date.
2014 European Parliament election in Ireland

The 2014 European Parliament election in Ireland was the Irish component of the 2014 European Parliament election and was held on Friday, 23 May 2014, on the same day as the 2014 local elections and two by-elections (Dublin West and Longford–Westmeath). The election was conducted under the single transferable vote. Counting of the votes began on Sunday, 25 May and continued until Tuesday, 27 May.
In contrast to a poor local election result, Fine Gael retained 4 seats, remaining the largest Irish party at a European level. Despite winning the largest number of first preference votes, Fianna Fáil lost 2 seats – a result of poor candidate selection and a reduction in the number of seats. The Labour Party, bearing the brunt of voter anger with the Coalition government, suffered a meltdown, losing all three of its seats, including its seat in Dublin which it had held since 1989. The Socialist Party also lost its sole seat. The big winners were Sinn Féin and Independents who won three seats each.
In Dublin, Lynn Boylan of Sinn Féin topped the poll and a tight four-way battle for the remaining two seats ensued between Brian Hayes of Fine Gael, ex-Labour MEP turned independent Nessa Childers, Fianna Fáil's Mary Fitzpatrick and the Green Party's Eamon Ryan. Hayes and Childers won with Hayes ahead of Ryan at the final count by a margin of 1,200 votes.
In South, both Brian Crowley of Fianna Fáil and Seán Kelly of Fine Gael were re-elected while first time candidate Liadh Ní Riada of Sinn Féin won a seat. The last seat was taken by Fine Gael Senator Deirdre Clune ahead of her party colleague Simon Harris.
In the new Midlands–North-West constituency, independent TD Luke 'Ming' Flanagan topped the poll while Mairead McGuinness of Fine Gael and Sinn Féin's Matt Carthy took the next two seats. Fianna Fáil's two-candidate strategy in the constituency backfired, with sitting MEP Pat "the Cope" Gallagher narrowly losing to independent Marian Harkin. For the first time, Ireland's delegation to the European Parliament had more women than men.
The Constituency Commission made changes to the constituencies of Ireland so as to reduce the total number of MEPs from 12 to 11, due to the accession of Croatia to the European Union.
The North-West and East constituencies were abolished. A new 4-seat constituency called Midlands–North-West was created. It comprised all the area of the previous North-West constituency, with the exception of County Clare which was moved to the South constituency; as well as the north Leinster part of the East constituency.
The South constituency was increased in size by the addition of counties Carlow, Clare, Kilkenny, Wexford and Wicklow. and the number of seats increased from 3 to 4.
There were no changes to the Dublin constituency.
The figures are for first-preference votes, as STV is a ranked voting system.
Statute of Westminster 1275

The Statute of Westminster of 1275 (3 Edw. 1), also known as the Statute of Westminster I, codified the existing law in England, into 51 chapters. Chapter 5 (which mandates free elections) is still in force in the United Kingdom and the Australian state of Victoria whilst part of Chapter 1 remains in force in New Zealand. It was repealed in Ireland in 1983.
William Stubbs gives a summary of the Statute:
Though it is a matter of dispute when peine forte et dure (Law French for "hard and forceful punishment") was first introduced, chapter 3 states that those felons standing mute shall be put in prison forte et dure.
The Statute of Westminster of 1275 was one of two English statutes largely drafted by Robert Burnell and passed during the reign of Edward I. Edward I had returned from the Ninth Crusade on 2 August 1274 and was crowned King of England on 19 August. His first Parliament was summoned for the quinzaine of the Purification on 16 February 1275 but was prorogued until the day after Easter on 22 April 1275, but did not meet until the week commencing 29 April or, according to Chronicle records, until the beginning of May, for unknown reasons. It met at Westminster, its main work being the consideration of the Statute of Westminster I, the agreement of new levies in Ireland and allowing the King to levy a new tax on wool. This was drawn up, not in Latin, but in Norman French, and was passed "by the assent of Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, and [all] the Commonalty of the Realm, being thither summoned."
According to Yuen Yuen Ang, the statute had replaced a previously communal regime of enforcing agreements with one based on "individual responsibility, territorial law, the central administration of justice, and personal collateral."
The Statute of Westminster I is composed of 51 chapters:
In the early history of the Lordship of Ireland, English statutes were often applied to Ireland. A 1285 writ authorised Stephen de Fulbourn, then Justiciar of Ireland, to apply there English statutes including Westminster I, Westminster II, Gloucester, and those of merchants. A 1320 act of the Parliament of Ireland (13 Edw. 2 c.2) readopted all these statutes. An act of Edward Poynings' 1495 session of the Parliament of Ireland adopted statutes "formerly made for the common weal" in England; later the Maintenance and Embracery Act 1634 adopted all English statutes dealing with champerty and maintenance and embracery. Many chapters of the 1275 English statute were repealed with respect to Ireland by the Statute Law (Ireland) Revision Act 1872 (35 & 36 Vict. c. 98). In the Republic of Ireland, the Short Titles Act 1962 assigned the short title "Distress Act 1275" to chapter 16 of the 1275 English statute, as adopted under the 1495 Irish act; and the short title "Maintenance and Champerty Act 1275" to chapters 25 and 28 of the 1275 English statute, as adopted under the 1634 Irish act. The Statute Law Revision Act 1983 repealed the whole of the 1275 English statute and the 1285 and 1320 Irish statutes.
Mary Bourke-Dowling

Mary Bourke-Dowling (12 December 1882 – 21 July 1944) was an Irish suffragette and republican.
Mary Bourke-Dowling was born in Clontarf on 12 December 1882. By the early 1900s, Bourke-Dowling was an active member of the Irish Women's Franchise League. Along with Louie Bennett, Bourke-Dowling co-edited the IWFL's paper The Irish Citizen.
Bourke-Dowling was amongst several hundred suffragettes arrested in November 1911 for breaking windows in London. She had unsuccessfully attempted to break windows at the Bow Street Police Court on 27 November 1911. Along with fellow Irishwomen, she was sentenced to 5 days imprisonment for her involvement. The IWFL welcomed back the released prisoners to Dublin with a special meeting. Bourke-Dowling along with a small number of others, including Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington, were presented with a medal from the League engraved with "From Prison to Citizenship". In 1915, Bourke-Dowling addressed a meeting of Belfast suffragists.
She went on to join Cumann na mBan, and was on the Anti-Treaty side of the Irish Civil War. Her refusal to sign a declaration of fidelity to the Irish Free State government resulted in her losing her job as a writing assistant in the civil service in August 1922. Bourke-Dowling "had allowed her home to be used to harbour irregulars", those on the Anti-Treaty side. In February 1923, Bourke-Dowling was arrested and imprisoned in Kilmainham Gaol and North Dublin Union for 6 months. She was a member of the Women Prisoners' Defence League along with Margaret Buckley, and drew on her experience as a suffragette to advise her fellow prisoners on how to resist the authorities. Like many other prisoners, Bourke-Dowling documented her experience with drawings and letters. Following her release in late 1923, no more is known about her political life. She was reinstated to her job in 1932, after a number of years campaigning. On 26 April 1933, she married William H. Lewers, leading to her leaving her job owing to the marriage bar on female civil servants. Bourke-Dowling died at her home in Clontarf on 21 July 1944.
In 2018/2019, Kilmainham Gaol held an exhibit dedicated to Bourke-Dowling, exhibiting her IWFL medal and other documents for the first time.
Northern Ireland Women's Rights Movement

Northern Ireland Women's Rights Movement (NIWRM) was a women's rights group founded in 1975 in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
The NIWRM aimed to be an umbrella group which brought together unionist and nationalist women's rights organisations from across Northern Ireland. The NIWRM focussed on a range of issues, however was initially founded to campaign for the 1975 Sex Discrimination Act to be extended to Northern Ireland, a goal which was achieved in 1976.
The NIWRM was founded in 1975 by students from Queens University, Belfast, they were joined by others from across the women's and civil rights movement including individuals from the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association, Communist Party of Ireland and other non-affiliated women. They included Inez McCormack, Madge Davison and Ann Hope.
The group developed a charter of campaign issues including action of domestic violence, societal discrimination and legal reform; the group however avoided taking any direct stance on reproductive rights seeing the issue as too contentious. Its campaigns contributed to the introduction of the Sex Discrimination Order 1976 and the Equal Opportunities Commission for Northern Ireland.
Into the late 1970s the group began to splinter, as offshoot organisations such as the Socialist Women's Group were formed following disputes within the NIWRM over admittance of men to the organisation. Despite this, it continued activity, and in 1980 it opened the first women's centre in Belfast. In 1994, it organised a visit from Angela Davis to Belfast.
A Woman Is a Woman

A Woman Is a Woman (French: Une femme est une femme) is a 1961 experimental musical romantic comedy film written and directed by Jean-Luc Godard, starring Jean-Paul Belmondo, Anna Karina and Jean-Claude Brialy. It is a tribute to the American musical comedy and associated with the French New Wave. It is Godard's third feature film (the release of his second, Le petit soldat, was delayed by censorship), and his first in color and Cinemascope.
The film centers on the relationship of exotic dancer Angéla and her lover Émile. Angéla wants to have a child, but Émile is not ready. Émile's best friend Alfred also says he loves Angéla, and keeps up a gentle pursuit. Angéla and Émile bitterly argue about having a child; at one point they decide not to speak to each other, so continue their argument by pulling books from the shelf and pointing to the titles. Since Émile stubbornly refuses her request for a child, Angéla finally decides to accept Alfred's plea and sleeps with him. This proves that she will do what she must to have a child. She and Émile finally reconcile, so he has a chance to become the father. The two have sex, then engage in a bit of wordplay that gives the film its title: an exasperated Émile says "Angéla, tu es infâme" ("Angela, you are horrid"), and she retorts, "Non, je suis une femme" ("No, I am a woman").
List of MPs elected in the February 1974 United Kingdom general election

This is a list of members of Parliament elected at the February 1974 general election, held on 28 February. This was the first of two general elections to be held that year. Parliament convened on 12 March 1974 at the Palace of Westminster by Queen Elizabeth II. It was dissolved just over six months later on 20 September 1974, making it the shortest UK parliament in history and the shortest parliament to sit at Westminster since 1681.
These representative diagrams show the composition of the parties in the February 1974 general election.
Note: The Scottish National Party and Plaid Cymru sit together as a party group. This is not the official seating plan of the House of Commons, which has five rows of benches on each side, with the government party to the right of the speaker and opposition parties to the left, but with room for only around two-thirds of MPs to sit at any one time.
See the list of United Kingdom by-elections.
Orangutan Foundation International

Orangutan Foundation International (OFI) adalah organisasi yang berfokus pada pelestarian orang utan. Organisasi ini memiliki kantor pusat di Los Angeles, California. OFI didirikan oleh Dr. Birutė Galdikas, salah satu dari tiga antropolog yang disebut sebagai The Trimates, untuk mempelajari kera besar di bawah bimbingan Dr. Louis Leakey dan terus menyelamatkan dan merehabilitasi orangutan, mempersiapkan mereka untuk dilepasliarkan kembali ke kawasan lindung hutan hujan Indonesia. Selain itu, OFI mempromosikan pelestarian habitat hutan hujan.
Awalnya, OFI didirikan oleh Galdikas dan mantan suaminya Rod Brindamour pada tahun 1986 dengan nama Proyek Penelitian dan Konservasi Orangutan. Pasangan ini memulai proyek untuk mempelajari ekologi dan perilaku orang utan liar. Fokus mereka kemudian beralih ke konservasi, perlindungan, rehabilitasi, dan pendidikan orang utan. Fasilitas penelitian OFI berlokasi di bagian Kalimantan yang dimiliki Indonesia, pulau terbesar ketiga di dunia. Camp Leakey adalah tempat penelitian orangutan dilakukan dan juga tempat pelepasliaran orang utan yang telah direhabilitasi.
Pada tahun 2021, organisasi ini menerima peringkat bintang 4 dari Charity Navigator selama 10 tahun berturut-turut. Charity Navigator menilai organisasi nirlaba dengan menilai kinerja mereka berdasarkan kesehatan keuangan serta akuntabilitas dan transparansi mereka. Penilaian tersebut menemukan bahwa total pendapatan amal adalah $2.321.023 pada tahun 2019 sementara 87,3% persen dari total pengeluaran organisasi dihabiskan untuk program dan layanan yang diberikannya.
Perhimpunan Dokter Hewan Indonesia

Perhimpunan Dokter Hewan Indonesia (disingkat PDHI) adalah organisasi profesi dokter hewan di Indonesia. Ketua Umum Pengurus Besar PDHI saat ini (periode 2022–2026) adalah Muhammad Munawaroh.
Pada masa pemerintahan kolonial Hindia Belanda, dibentuk Nederland-Indische Vereeniging voor Diergeneeskunde (Asosiasi Dokter Hewan Hindia Belanda). Organisasi ini dibentuk pada tahun 1884 untuk menangani beberapa wabah penyakit hewan yang muncul pada saat itu, seperti wabah sampar sapi pada tahun 1875, wabah septisemia epizotik dan antraks pada tahun 1884, wabah surra pada tahun 1886, dan wabah penyakit mulut dan kuku pada tahun 1887.
Setelah Indonesia merdeka, sejumlah dokter hewan Indonesia membentuk Perhimpunan Ahli Ilmu Kehewanan pada tahun 1949. Perhimpunan ini diketuai R. Soetisno D. Poesponegoro. Panitera atau sekretarisnya adalah Moh. Roza, bendaharanya bernama L. Harmen, sedangkan anggotanya adalah P. Hoekstra dan J.F. Mohede. Perhimpunan ini kemudian memiliki 140 orang anggota yang kemudian melahirkan PDHI melalui rapat umum anggota di Lembang, Jawa Barat, 8–10 Januari 1953. Rapat umum ini ditetapkan sebagai kongres pertama PDHI yang menetapkan R. Hoetamadi sebagai ketua, R. Bunjamin sebagai wakil ketua, Moh. Roza sebagai sekretaris, dan Th. E.W. Umboh sebagai bendahara. Tanggal 9 Januari lantas diperingati sebagai Hari Ulang Tahun PDHI.
Pada tahun 1999, PDHI dikukuhkan dengan Akte Notaris Nomor 41 tanggal 30 Juni 1999 oleh notaris Toety Juniarto, yang diperbarui setiap selesai kongres.
PDHI memiliki 52 cabang di seluruh Indonesia, yaitu:
PDHI juga membawahi unit peminatan non-teritorial (UPNT; sebelumnya disebut organisasi non-teritorial yang disngkat ONT), yaitu organisasi yang dibentuk berdasarkan keinginan sekelompok dokter hewan yang memiliki minat, keahlian, atau bidang kerja yang sama. Organisasi ini memperoleh pengesahan dari Pengurus Besar PDHI dan tidak memiliki batasan wilayah kerja.
Saat ini, UPNT yang berada di bawah naungan PDHI adalah:
Persatuan Istri Dokter Hewan Indonesia

Persatuan Istri Dokter Hewan Indonesia-Mitra Veteriner Indonesia (PIDHI-MVI) adalah organisasi wanita yang mewadahi istri-istri dokter hewan, istri-istri sarjana kedokteran hewan, dokter hewan wanita, dan sarjana kedokteran hewan wanita. PIDHI menginduk pada Kongres Wanita Indonesia dengan nomor anggota 71. Sesuai hasil Kongres XVII PIDHI di Makassar, drh. Tri Isyani Tungga Dewi, M.Si. terpilih sebagai Ketua Umum Pengurus Pusat (PP) PIDHI periode 2022-2026.
PIDHI bermitra dengan Perhimpunan Dokter Hewan Indonesia dalam mendukung tercapainya visi misi organisasi.
Pada tanggal 20 Januari 1951 atas prakarsa Ibu Suparman dibentuk Perkumpulan Istri-istri Dokter Hewan Indonesia, yang bertujuan mempersatukan dan mempererat persaudaraan antara Ibu-ibu Istri Dokter Hewan serta membantu meningkatkan kesejahteraan para anggotanya. Pada tanggal 7 Maret 1954 di Solo. Dalam pertemuan tersebut Anggaran Dasar dan Anggaran Rumah Tangga PIDHI dibuat. Tahun 1957 – Kongres I PIDHI di Surabaya, terpilih Ketua PIDHI Pusat yang pertama. Bulan Juli 1994 organisasi PIDHI resmi sebagai organisasi anggota Kowani yang ke-71. Kongres dilaksanakan tiap 4 tahun, untuk memilih Ketua Umum dan menghimpun saran usul dari anggota. Kongres XIV PIDHI telah dilaksanakan pada 10-13 Oktober 2010. Seiring dengan perkembangan organisasi, pada tahun 1979 PIDHI mempunyai yayasan (YKDHI) dengan tujuan memberikan beasiswa kepada anak yatim, piatu dan yatim piatu yang berprestasi, beberapa anak asuh juga memberikan santunan kepada mereka-mereka yang mendapat musibah (keluarga PIDHI). Sampai sekarang PIDHI secara rutin menyelenggarakan kongres setiap 3 tahun sekali dengan tempat penyelenggaraannya bergiliran di cabang-cabang.
Tarsius makassar

Tarsius makassar atau Balao Cengke (terj. 'tikus jongkok'), Congkali, Pa'cui atau Tarsius fuscus merupakan hewan primata endemik asal Sulawesi. Sebelumnya spesies ini termasuk dalam Tarsius tangkasi (Tarsius tarsier), sebelum dipisahkan.
Hewan ini dikenal sebagai pemburu yang handal dan berperan sebagai spesies pengontrol hama bagi petani. Tarsius memiliki ciri fisik seperti primata pada umumnya, dengan mata yang berbentuk bola, dan ukurannya yang berkisar dari 12 sampai 13 cm.
Tarsius fuscus memiliki rambut berwarna coklat kemerah-merahan. Rambut di ujung buntutnya berwarna hitam, dan ia memiliki tengkorak kepala dan deret gigi yang lebih pendek dari primata berjenis tarsius lainnya. Tarsius fuscus memiliki kaki belakang yang lebih pendek pula dari tarsius lainnya. Buntut dari Tarsius fuscus juga lebih pendek dari tarsius lainnya, dengan persentase 143% sampai 16% dari panjang badannya.
Tarsius fuscus merupakan hewan yang memiliki kebiasaan nokturnal dan berburu. Selain itu, Tarsius fuscus juga merupakan seekor karnivora dan insektivora yang berburu dengan cara melompat di atas mangsanya.
Kementerian Kehutanan Republik Indonesia

Kementerian Kehutanan (disingkat Kemenhut) memiliki sejarah panjang dalam pengelolaan kehutanan di Indonesia. Sejak 1983 hingga 1998, lembaga ini disebut Departemen Kehutanan, kemudian berubah menjadi Departemen Kehutanan dan Perkebunan selama satu tahun. Nama Departemen Kehutanan kembali digunakan hingga 2005, lalu berganti menjadi Kementerian Kehutanan hingga 2014. Pada 2014, nama berubah menjadi Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, sebelum kembali menjadi Kementerian Kehutanan pada 2024 hingga sekarang. Kementerian ini dibentuk oleh Presiden Indonesia Prabowo Subianto dalam Kabinet Merah Putih pada Oktober 2024.
Pada masa Pemerintahan Prabowo Subianto, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan dipecah menjadi Kementerian Kehutanan dan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup/Badan Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup.
Berikut adalah sejarah Kementerian Kehutanan semenjak dimekarkan dari status sebelumnya sebagai Direktorat Jenderal Kehutanan di Departemen Pertaninan dari tahun 1983 - 2014
Kementerian mempunyai tugas menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang kehutanan untuk membantu Presiden dalam menyelenggarakan pemerintahan negara. Kementerian menyelenggarakan fungsi:
Susunan organisasi Kementerian Kehutanan berdasarkan Permenhut No. 1 Tahun 2024 terdiri atas:
Terdapat empat staf ahli yang berada di bawah dan bertanggung jawab kepada Menteri dan secara administratif dikoordinasikan oleh Sekretaris Jenderal.
Badan Karantina Indonesia

Badan Karantina Indonesia (disingkat Barantin) adalah lembaga pemerintah nonkementerian Indonesia yang melaksanakan tugas pemerintahan di bidang karantina hewan, ikan, dan tumbuhan. Badan Karantina Indonesia dibentuk berdasarkan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 45 Tahun 2023 yang merupakan amanat dari Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2019 tentang Karantina Hewan, Ikan, dan Tumbuhan. Sejak 13 September 2023, Kepala Badan Karantina Indonesia dijabat oleh Sahat Manaor Panggabean.
Karantina hewan, ikan, dan tumbuhan adalah sistem pencegahan masuk, keluar, dan tersebarnya hama dan penyakit hewan karantina, hama dan penyakit ikan karantina, dan organisme pengganggu tumbuhan karantina, serta pengawasan dan/atau pengendalian terhadap keamanan pangan dan mutu pangan, keamanan pakan dan mutu pakan, produk rekayasa genetik, sumber daya genetik, agensia hayati, jenis asing invasif, tumbuhan dan satwa liar, serta tumbuhan dan satwa langka yang dimasukkan ke dalam, tersebarnya dari suatu area ke area lain, dan/atau dikeluarkan dari wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Unsur-unsur yang terdapat dalam Badan Karantina Indonesia merupakan penggabungan dari Badan Karantina Pertanian yang berada di bawah Kementerian Pertanian; Badan Karantina Ikan, Pengendalian Mutu dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan yang berada di bawah Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan; serta unsur pengawasan dan/atau pengendalian terhadap produk rekayasa genetik, sumber daya genetik, agensia hayati, jenis asing invasif, tumbuhan dan satwa liar, serta tumbuhan dan satwa langka di tempat pemasukan dan tempat pengeluaran di lingkungan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan.
Badan Karantina Indonesia mempunyai tugas melaksanakan tugas pemerintahan di bidang karantina. Dalam menjalankan tugas tersebut, Barantin menyelenggarakan fungsi:
Badan Karantina Indonesia terdiri atas:
Berikut adalah daftar kepala Badan Karantina Indonesia.