davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Fortuneteller Svetlana

Fortuneteller Svetlana is a painting by the Russian artist Karl Bryullov, from 1836, based on the ballad of Vasily Zhukovsky "Svetlana". This is the only painting by the artist created on the theme of Russian national life. It is stored in the Nizhny Novgorod State Art Museum.
At the end of the summer of 1835, Bryullov 's painting The Last Day of Pompeii, which brought him fame, arrived from Italy, where it was painted, to Saint Petersburg. The canvas made an impression on Nicholas I of Russia, and he granted Bryullov the post of professor at the Imperial Academy of Arts and immediately summoned him to the capital. The artist at that time was in Constantinopolis, and having received the order of the sovereign, immediately went to St. Petersburg. His trip passed through Moscow, where he arrived on December 25, 1835. In Moscow, the artist stayed for six months where he lived with Antony Pogorelsky, for whom he made "Guessing Svetlana" during his stay in the city. The artist's arrival coincided with the eve of Christmas, and Bryullov was able to observe the rite of fortune-telling in Perovsky's house, which helped to give the painting "life".
Before the October Revolution, the painting was in the collection of Vladimir Orlov-Davydov. Afterwards, it was transferred to the Nizhny Novgorod State Art Museum, where it remains to this day. The current conservation status is satisfactory.
The painting depicts a scene of Christmas divination. A girl with a fair-haired braid in a kokoshnik and a Russian sarafan sits with her back to the viewer. In front of her, on the table, there is a burning candle in a high candlestick and a figured mirror, into which the heroine looks fearfully and tensely, hoping to see her betrothed in the reflection. The plot was inspired by the ballad 'Svetlana'.
Bryullov managed to convey romantic mysticism, in the spirit of which the original ballad was written. In the subtext of the picture, the mirror is guessed as a symbol of connection with the other world; reflection in the mirror - as the duality of interpretation inherent in romanticism; and the scene of fortune-telling itself is like a desire to go beyond reality.
The painting evoked a lively response in Moscow, where the artist lived. Ivan Dmitriev hurried to write about this to P. Svinin: "He wrote here ... for Perovsky a small picture representing a handsome girl in common Russian clothes." Shalikov published verses about this in Moskovskiye Vedomosti:
Pompeii: The Last Day

Pompeii: The Last Day is a 2003 dramatized documentary that tells of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius towards the end of August 79 CE. This eruption covered the ancient Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in ash and pumice, killing a large number of people trapped between the volcano and the sea. The documentary, which portrays the different phases of the eruption, was directed by Peter Nicholson and written by Edward Canfor-Dumas.
The film is directed and produced by the BBC in co-production with TLC.
This was the highest rated specialist factual programme of the year with an audience of 10.3 million and a 40% share.
The documentary tells the story of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius from the point of view of assorted inhabitants of Pompeii and Herculaneum whose names and occupations are known, including a local politician and his family, a fuller, his wife, and two gladiators. Historical characters include Pliny the Elder and his nephew Pliny the Younger. It draws heavily on the eyewitness account of Pliny the Younger, as well as historical research and recent discoveries in volcanology. Extensive CGI was used to recreate the effects of the eruption.
Most of the people who were in Pompeii when the fourth pyroclastic surge hit either died instantly or slowly suffocated to death.
The Mock Election

The Mock Election is an oil on canvas genre painting by the British artist Benjamin Robert Haydon, from 1827.
It was inspired by a real-life event that took place while Haydon was himself imprisoned at the King's Bench Prison in Southwark for debt.
The conditions at the prison were fairly lenient for the inmates while they attempted to clear their debts. As a joke, several of the prisoners decided to organise an election, imitating those of a British general election. They declared they would elect two Members of Parliament (the standard representation for a pre-Reform Act English Borough). The constituency was dubbed the "Borough of Tenterden" after the Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench Lord Tenterden. Three candidates stood for election, one of them Robert Stanton had recently been a real Member of Parliament. Another was the boxer Henry Josiah Holt. The election was presided over by an Irishman Jonas Murphy, posing as the Lord High Sheriff.
The painting was acquired by George IV for 500 guineas and remains in the Royal Collection. It was followed by a sequel Chairing the Member, depicting the aftermath of the mock election and the calling in of soldiers by the prison authorities to restore order.
The Battle of Bouvines (painting)

The Battle of Bouvines (French: Bataille de Bouvines, 27 juillet 1214) is an 1827 history painting by the French artist Horace Vernet. It depicts Philip II of France shortly before the Battle of Bouvines in 1214. A victory for Philip, the subsequent Truce of Chinon ended the Anglo-French War.
It was commissioned by Charles X and was exhibited at the Salon of 1827. It was one of several history paintings he submitted that year. It was later included in the Galerie des Batailles in the Palace of Versailles.
Chain Pier, Brighton (painting)

Chain Pier, Brighton is a landscape painting by the British artist John Constable. One of his "six footers", it was exhibited at the Royal Academy's 1827 Summer Exhibition. It depicts the recently-constructed Brighton Chain Pier in the resort town of Brighton on the southern coast of England. The Pier was opened in 1823 and remained a prominent feature of the Brighton seafront until it collapsed in 1896.
It was the largest and most important work from Constable's visits to Brighton where his wife went to recover her health. With a storm about to break it shows the bustling activity on the beach with the new hotels and wealthy residences in the background. Today it is part of the collection of the Tate Britain in London having been purchased in 1950.
Vesuvius red zone

The Vesuvius red zone (Italian: zona rossa del Vesuvio) is the area designated to be quickly evacuated within a few days in the case of an eruption of Mount Vesuvius. The authorities believe that they will have two weeks' warning of an imminent eruption; the questions that arise are whether the population can be evacuated in time, despite a reluctance to leave their homes; and if there be as much as two weeks' warning in reality.
As the area around Mount Vesuvius is highly urbanized, it became necessary to develop evacuation plans to be applied when the signs of a forthcoming eruption appear. A danger zone around the volcano was first identified in 2001 by the Italian Protezione Civile; its boundaries were then redefined in 2013 following new studies on the behaviour of Plinian eruptions.
The zone is composed by two subzones, called red zone 1 and 2. The former is the most dangerous area in the case of an eruption, being at greatest risk from pyroclastic flows. The red zone 2 will be subjected to falling ash and lapilli, whose intensity will depend on the intensity and direction of the winds at the time.
Mount Vesuvius is continuously kept under surveillance by the Vesuvius Observatory of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. When an appointed set of geologic activities occurs, an eruption warning is issued and the evacuation procedure begins. It has been estimated that 72 hours are needed to complete the evacuation: 12 hours to organize it, 48 hours to transfer all the people outside the red zone and 12 hours are kept as a safety margin for unexpected events.
The red zone comprises 25 comunes and part of the city of Naples, with about 800,000 residents to be evacuated.
In the case of an eruption, the evacuated people will be transferred to and hosted in 19 Italian regions (Campania being excluded), according to their comune of origin.
79 A.D.

79 A.D. (Italian: Anno 79 - La distruzione di Ercolano, French: Les derniers jours d'Herculanum, also known as The Destruction of Herculaneum) is a 1962 Italian-French epic drama film written and directed by Gianfranco Parolini and starring Brad Harris.
General Marcus Tiberius, Emperor Titus Flavius's nephew, triumphantly returns to Rome only to discover the city in chaos. Street murders are escalating, and some corrupt members of the Roman Senate are falsely accusing the Christian community. When ordered to act against the Christians, Marcus defies the command, leading his uncle to strip him of titles and exile him. Undeterred, Marcus resolves to investigate independently. Amidst the romance and political intrigue of the emperor's court in A.D. 79, a looming disaster unfolds. Beneath the shadow of Mount Vesuvius, the city faces imminent destruction alongside Herculaneum.
Outline of classical architecture

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to classical architecture:
Classical architecture – architecture of classical antiquity, that is, ancient Greek architecture and the architecture of ancient Rome. It also refers to the style or styles of architecture influenced by those. For example, most of the styles originating in post-Renaissance Europe can be described as classical architecture. This broad use of the term is employed by Sir John Summerson in The Classical Language of Architecture.
Classical architecture can be described as all of the following:
Ancient Greek architecture – architecture produced by the Greek-speaking people (Hellenic people) whose culture flourished on the Greek mainland and Peloponnesus, the Aegean Islands, and in colonies in Asia Minor and Italy for a period from about 900 BC until the 1st century AD, with the earliest remaining architectural works dating from around 600 BC. Ancient Greek architecture is best known from its temples, and the Parthenon is a prime example.
Ancient Roman architecture – the Roman architectural revolution, also known as the concrete revolution, was the widespread use in Roman architecture of the previously little-used architectural forms of the arch, vault, and dome. A crucial factor in this development that saw a trend to monumental architecture was the invention of Roman concrete (also called opus caementicium).
Architectural style
Classical orders
Historical drama

A historical drama (also period drama, period piece or just period) is a dramatic work set in a past time period, usually used in the context of film and television, which presents historical events and characters with varying degrees of fictional elements such as creative dialogue or fictional scenes which aim to compress separate events or illustrate a broader factual narrative. The biographical film is a type of historical drama which generally focuses on a single individual or well-defined group. Historical dramas can include romances, adventure films, and swashbucklers.
Historical drama can be differentiated from historical fiction, which generally present fictional characters and events against a backdrop of historical events. A period piece may be set in a vague or general era such as the Middle Ages, or a specific period such as the Roaring Twenties, or the recent past.
In different eras different subgenres have risen to popularity, such as the westerns and sword and sandal films that dominated North American cinema in the 1950s. The costume drama is often separated as a genre of historical dramas. Early critics defined them as films focusing on romance and relationships in sumptuous surroundings, contrasting them with other historical dramas believed to have more serious themes. Other critics have defended costume dramas, and argued that they are disparaged because they are a genre directed towards women. Historical dramas have also been described as a conservative genre, glorifying an imagined past that never existed.
Historical drama may include mostly fictionalized narratives based on actual people or historical events, such as the history plays of Shakespeare, Apollo 13, The Tudors, Braveheart, Chernobyl, Enemy at the Gates, Les Misérables, and Titanic. Works may include references to real-life people or events from the relevant time period or contain factually accurate representations of the time period.
Works that focus on accurately portraying specific historical events or persons are instead known as docudrama, such as The Report. Where a person's life is central to the story, such a work is known as biographical drama, with notable examples being films such as Alexander, Frida, House of Saddam, Lincoln, Lust for Life, Raging Bull, Stalin, and Oppenheimer.
Historical present

In linguistics and rhetoric, the historical present or historic present, also called dramatic present or narrative present, is the employment of the present tense instead of past tenses when narrating past events. It is typically thought to heighten the dramatic force of the narrative by describing events as if they were still unfolding, and/or by foregrounding some events relative to others.
In English, it is used in:
In an excerpt from Charles Dickens's David Copperfield, the shift from the past tense to the historical present gives a sense of immediacy, as of a recurring vision:
Novels that are written entirely in the historical present include notably John Updike's Rabbit, Run, Hilary Mantel's Wolf Hall and Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale.
Summaries of the narratives (plots) of works of fiction are conventionally presented using the present tense, rather than the past tense. At any particular point of the story, as it unfolds, there is a now and so a past and a future, so whether some event mentioned in the story is past, present, or future, changes as the story progresses. The entire plot description is presented as if the story's now were a continuous present. Thus, in summarizing the plot of A Tale of Two Cities, one may write:
The historical present is widely used in writing about history in Latin (where it is sometimes referred to by its Latin name, praesens historicum) and some modern European languages.
In French, the historical present is often used in journalism and in historical texts to report events in the past.
The extinct language Shasta appeared to allow the historical present in narratives.
The New Testament, written in Koine Greek in the 1st century AD, is notable for use of the historical present, particularly in the Gospel of Mark.
Jules Joseph Lefebvre

Jules Joseph Lefebvre (French: [ʒyl ʒozɛf ləfɛvʁ]; 14 March 1836 – 24 February 1911) was a French painter, educator and theorist.
Lefebvre was born in Tournan-en-Brie, Seine-et-Marne, on 14 March 1836. He entered the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in 1852 and was a pupil of Léon Cogniet.
He won the prestigious Prix de Rome with his The Death of Priam in 1861. Between 1855 and 1898, he exhibited 72 portraits in the Paris Salon. Many of his paintings are single figures of beautiful women. Among the portraits of his considered the best were those of M. L. Reynaud and the Prince Imperial (1874). In 1891, he became a member of the French Académie des Beaux-Arts.
He was professor at the Académie Julian in Paris. Lefebvre is chiefly important as an excellent and sympathetic teacher who numbered many Americans among his 1500 or more pupils. Among his famous students were Fernand Khnopff, Kenyon Cox, Félix Vallotton, Ernst Friedrich von Liphart, Georges Rochegrosse, the Scottish-born landscape painter William Hart, Walter Lofthouse Dean, and Edmund C. Tarbell, who became an American Impressionist painter. Another pupil was the miniaturist Alice Beckington as was Laura Leroux-Revault, the daughter of his friend Louis Hector Leroux. Jules Benoit-Lévy entered his workshop at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts.
Lefebvre died in Paris on 24 February 1911 and was buried in the Montmartre Cemetery with a bas-relief depiction of his painting La Vérité on his grave.
Kubismo

Ang kubismo (Cubism) ay isang uri ng estilo sa larangan ng napagmamasdang sining o sa pagpipinta na gumagamit ng mga hugis na heometrikal, partikular na ng mga hugis na kubo. Isa ito sa mga pinakamaimpluwensyang estilo ng pagpipinta sa loob ng ika-20 siglo. Nilikha ito ng mga pintor na sina Pablo Picasso at Georges Braque noong kalagitnaan ng 1907 hanggang 1914 sa Paris. Ang terminong "kubismo" ay nakuha mula kay Louis Vauxcelles, isang Pranses na kritiko, kung saan ibinase niya ito sa gawa ni Braque na L’Estaque.
Sa France, nabuo ang mga sanga ng Kubismo, kabilang ang Orphismo, Abstract na sining at kalaunan ay Purismo. Ang epekto ng Kubismo ay napakalawak at malawak sa sining at sa kulturang popular. Ipinakilala ng Kubismo ang collage bilang isang modernong anyo ng sining. Sa France at iba pang mga bansa Futurismo, Suprematismo, Dada, Constructivismo, De Stijl at Art Deco ay binuo bilang tugon sa Kubismo. Kasama sa mga karaniwang sinulid sa pagitan ng magkakaibang paggalaw na ito ang faceting o pagpapasimple ng mga geometric na anyo, at ang pagkakaugnay ng mekanisasyon at modernong buhay.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Sining ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Dragun

Ang dragun (mula sa Ingles na dragoon), dragon, dragunero, o dragonero ay isang kawal na pangunahing sinanay upang makipaglaban habang nakatapak sa lupa ngunit naturuan din sumakay sa kabayo at pakikipaglabang pangkabalyero, natatangi na noong huling ika-17 at maagang ika-19 mga daantaon kung kailan inilunsad ang mga rehimyento ng dragun sa loob ng halo lahat ng mga hukbong Europeo. Noong panahon ng mas huli pang ika-18 daantaon at ng Mga Digmaang Maka-Napoleon o Mga Digmaang Napoleoniko, karamihan sa ganitong mga yunit o bahagi ang umunlad para maging pangkaraniwang paraan o midyum at minsang magaang na kabalyero o hukbong nakakabayo.
Hinango ang salitang "dragoon" o dragun mula sa pagtatalaga o ranggong pang-Hukbong Katihan ng Pranses - ang dragon - na siya rin mismong orihinal na pangalan ng isang uri ng sandatang pumuputok (na nangangahulugang dragon ang pangalan) na binubuhat ng mga dragung Pranses. Sa mga wikang Pranses at Kastila, walang pagkakaiba ang mga salitang dragoon (dragun) at dragon.
Sa makabagong panahon, pinanatili ang pamagat o titulo ng isang bilang ng mga sandatan o pangpagdiriwang o pangseremonyang nakakabayong mga rehimyento.
Vicente Ilustre

Si Vicente Encarnacion Ilustre ay isang Pilipinong abogado, diplomata at politiko.
Habang naglilingkod bilang pangulo ng Komite para sa Mindanao at Sulu, inakda ni Ilustre ang Philippine Commission Act No. 2408, na nakaapekto sa kolonisasyon ng Mindanao noong panahon ng pananakop ng mga Amerikano.
Si Ilustre ay ipinanganak sa Taal, Batangas noong 6 Setyembre 1869. Nakuha niya ang kanyang bachelor's degree mula sa Ateneo Municipal de Manila. Pagkatapos ay ipinagpatuloy niya ang kanyang mas mataas na edukasyon sa Espanya, kung saan natanggap ang kanyang titulo ng doktor sa abogasya mula sa Universidad Central de Madrid at naging nauugnay sa mga miyembro ng Kilusang Propaganda tulad nina Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar at Mariano Ponce.
Talaan ng mga pangyayari sa pagsusulong ng peminismo sa Pilipinas

Ang peminismo sa Pilipinas ay mayaman sa kasaysayan, nagsimula ito noong panahon ng pre-kolonyal kung saan mayroong matriarchal system ang mga katutubo at mahalaga ang mga babae sa lipunan dahil sa kanilang kontribusyon
Ang pag-iral ng mga perminista sa Pilipinas mula Enero 1, 1501 hanggang Disyembre 31, 1600 ay hindi pa naitatala dahil sa kakulangan ng mga kasulatan noong panahong iyon. Ngunit, marami sa mga kababaihan sa panahong iyon ang nagpakita ng katapangan at liderato sa kanilang mga komunidad.
Sa mga tribong Tagalog, ang mga babaylan o spiritual leaders ay kinilala bilang mga lider at tagapagdala ng kaalaman sa kanilang mga kababaihan. Sa kabila ng pagdating ng mga mananakop na Espanyol, patuloy na ipinaglaban ng mga kababaihan ang kanilang mga karapatan at papel sa lipunan.
Hindi nakatala ang anumang opisyal na feminist events o kilusan sa Pilipinas mula Enero 1, 1601 hanggang Disyembre 31, 1700 dahil sa katayuan ng lipunan sa panahong iyon kung saan ang mga kababaihan ay hindi binibigyan ng sapat na pagkilala at karapatan. Ngunit, sa kabila ng pang-aapi ng mga Kastila sa mga Pilipino, naitaguyod pa rin ng mga kababaihan ang kanilang tungkulin bilang mga lider sa kanilang mga tahanan at sa kanilang mga komunidad. Marami sa kanila ang nagpakita ng tapang at pagsusumikap upang labanan ang pang-aabuso at maipagtanggol ang kanilang mga karapatan. Sa panahong ito, nagsimula nang magpakita ng mga organisasyon at samahan na naglalayong ipagtanggol ang mga karapatan ng mga kababaihan at labanan ang diskriminasyon at pang-aabuso sa kanila. Magkagayon man, sa siglong ito isinilang ang napakaraming Filipinang bayani at peminista.
Sa panahon ng Enero 1, 1801 hanggang Disyembre 31, 1900, hindi pa ganap na nabuo ang konsepto ng feminist movement sa Pilipinas, dahil sa kahalagahan ng patriyarkal na kultura sa panahong iyon. Gayunpaman, mayroong mga kilusang pumapabor sa kababaihan na nagsulong sa kanilang karapatan at pagkilala sa kanilang kakayahan sa ilang punto sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas. Narito ang ilang mga pangyayari:
Makikita na sa panahon ng Enero 1, 1801 hanggang Disyembre 31, 1900, ang mga pagsulong para sa karapatan ng kababaihan ay nangangailangan pa ng malakas na pagtutulungan at pakikibaka upang makamit ang tunay na pagkakapantay-pantay ng kasarian sa lipunan.
2014 sa Pilipinas

Ito ang mga kaganapan noong 2014 sa Pilipinas.
Noong huling bahagi ng Setyembre 2013, inanunsyo na ng pamahalaan ang hindi bababa sa 18 na pagdiriwang sa Pilipinas para sa 2015 tulad ng ipinahayag sa pamamagitan ng bisa ng Proclamation No. 655, serye 2013. Tandaan na sa listahan, mga okasyon sa italiko ay "special non-working holidays," mga nasa bold ay ang "regular holidays," at sa mga nasa di-italiko at di-bold ay ang "espesyal na okasyon para sa mga paaralan."
Sa karagdagan, inoobserbahan ng maraming lugar ang mga lokal na pista opisyal, tulad ng pagkakatatag ng kanilang bayan. Ito rin ay "espesyal na araw."
Pebrero
Marso
Abril
Hunyo
Agosto
Setyembre
Oktubre
Nobyembre
Disyembre
Mga taga-media na pinaslang sa bansa sa taong 2014 (apat):
Panulaan

Ang panulaan ay isang uri ng sining at panitikan na kilala sa malayang paggamit ng wika sa iba't ibang anyo at estilo. Pinagyayaman ito sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng tayutay. Ang mga likhang panulaan ay tinatawag na tula. Madaling makilala ang isang tula sapagkat karaniwan itong may batayan o huwaran sa pagbigkas ng mga huling salita.
Binubuo ang tula ng saknong at taludtod. Karaniwan itong wawaluhin, lalabindalawahin, lalabing-animin, at lalabing-waluhing pantig. Matalinghaga at ginagamitan din ng tayutay. May tugma at sukat. Kung minsan ay maiksi o kaya naman ay mahaba.
Bilang isang anyo ng sining pampanitikan, gumagamit ang panulaan ng estetika at kadalsan, katangiang ritmo ng wika upang pukawin ang mga kahulugan na dagdag pa ang, o kapalit ng, literal na kahulugan sa mababaw na antas.
Sa tulang liriko o pandamdamin, itinatampok ng makata ang kanyang sariling damdamin. Ito ang itinuturing pinakamatandang uri ng tulang isinusulat ng mga makata sa buong daigdig. Ito ay puno ng damdamin at madalas ding gamiting titik ng mga awitin. Ang pagkakaugnayan ng tulang liriko at musikang sinasaliwan ng instrumentong tinatawag na lira ang siyang dahilan kung bakit ito nakilala sa taguring tulang liriko. Ito rin ang dahilan kung bakit ngayon malimit pumapasok sa ating isipan na ang liriko ay alinman sa dalawa: tulang talagang kakantahin o kaya'y tulang may katangiang awit. Narito ang ilang uri ng tulang ito:
Ito ay naglalahad ng mga tagpo o pangyayari sa pamamagitan ng mga taludtod. Narito ang apat na uri ng tulang ito:
Ito ay mga tulang isinasadula sa mga entablado o iba pang tanghalan. Narito ang mga uri ng tulang dula:
Ito ay tulang sagutan na itinatanghal ng mga magkakatunggaling makata ngunit hindi sa paraang padula. Ito ay paligsahan ng mga katwiran at tagisan ng mga talino at tulain. Ang sumusunod ang mga uri ng tulang patnigan:
The General's Daughter (seryeng pantelebisyon)

Ang The General's Daughter ay isang dramang teleserye mula sa Pilipinas na pinag bibidahan ni Angel Locsin kasama sina Ryza Cenon, Paulo Avelino, JC de Vera at iba pa, ito ay ipa-pa labas ng ABS-CBN sa pandaigdigan ng "The Filipino Channel" sa Enero 21 2019, kapalit ng Ngayon at Kailanman.
Surtido

Ang surtido ay isang uri na pambayang sayaw mula sa Pilipinas. Mayroong itong impluwensiyang Kastila na mayroon iba't ibang bersyon sa iba't ibang rehiyon sa Pilipinas. Ang salitang surtido ay hango sa wikang Espanyol na literal na nangangahulagang "halu-halo" o "halo-halong koleksyon ng bagay o tao." Tinawag na surtido dahil halu-halo ang hakbang at anyo ng sayaw ayon sa lalawigan na pinanggalingan nito. Sinasayaw ito ng magkapares na babae at lalaki kung saan ay pinapakita ang pagliligawan na nasa saliw ng musikang jota.
Schiavi di Abruzzo

Ang Schiavi di Abruzzo ay isang bayan sa burol sa lalawigan ng Chieti, Abruzzo, gitnang Italya . Matatagpuan ito sa Kabundukang Apenino, sa pinakatimog na bahagi ng rehiyon ng Abruzzo, sa hangganan ng rehiyon ng Molise.
Ito ay 56 kilometro (35 mi), mula sa Dagat Adriatico, at 225 kilometro (140 mi) mula sa Roma.
Ang unang nakatalang pagbanggit ng bayan ay nagsimula noong Gitnang Kapanahunan, noong unang kalahati ng ika-11 siglo. Gayundin, ang pangalang Schavis at Sclavi ay lumitaw sa Libro delle decime (aklat ng pahunos) ng 1309 at ng 1328. Karaniwan na nalalaman na mayroong isang kolonya ng mga Eslabo na naging fief ni Roberto da Sclavo, kung saan maaaring nagmula ang pangalan ng bayan.
Mula 1130 ang bayan ay bahagi ng Kaharian ng Sicilia, at kalaunan ng Kaharian ng Napoles.
Mula 1626 hanggang 1806 ang bayan ay din ng isang fief ng Caracciolo di SantoBuono ng sangay ang angkang Caracciolo clan ng Napoles, at namahala mula sa San Buono, isang bayan 21 milya (34 km) layo.
Mula 1816 hanggang 1861, ang Schiavi ay bahagi ng Kaharian ng Dalawang Sicilia, pagkatapos ay naging bahagi ng Kaharian ng Italya, hanggang 1946 nang ang Italya ay naging isang demokrasya.
Spanish colonial fortifications in the Philippines

The Spanish fortifications of the Philippines, or fuerzas, are strongholds constructed by Filipinos and Spaniards primarily for protection against local and foreign aggressors during the Spanish colonial period, and during the subsequent American and Japanese occupations. Structures built included fortresses, watchtowers, and bastions. Many are badly damaged, either due to old age or past conflicts. Currently, there are initiatives for restorations of all forts, beginning when the Baluarte Luna of La Union and the Intramuros of Manila were restored in the 2010s. In 2013, a typhoon and earthquake hit Central Visayas and damaged numerous Spanish fortifications, leading to the largest restoration activity for fortifications in Philippine history.
On May 16, 2006, a collection of five well-preserved examples of Spanish Colonial architecture was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List in the Cultural category.
The collection titled "Spanish Colonial Fortifications of the Philippines" include the following buildings located throughout the country:
In 2015, by recommendation of UNESCO, the fortifications were removed from the tentative list of the Philippines as they 'will have a hard time meeting the standards of the organization'. The old town of Capul (Northern Samar), old town of Romblon (Romblon province), and old town of Taytay (Palawan) were recommended as possible heritage sites in the future once the Philippines submits them in the tentative list, along with a complete dossier.
Heritage groups have been advocating for the return of the fortifications in the tentative list, but with the inclusion of at least twenty-one more Spanish colonial fortifications throughout the country to maximize its potential to be included in the World Heritage List. Restoration activities on numerous fortifications throughout the country are currently ongoing in a bid to support the future nomination of the fortifications to UNESCO. However, some fortifications are within private lands, hindering cultural agencies of government from restoring those forts. The possible return of the fortifications in the tentative list is supported by both governments of the Philippines and Spain. Other proposed properties are:
Architecture of the Philippines
History of the Philippines (1565–1898)
Fortification
The Progress of Medicine in the Philippines

The Progress of Medicine in the Philippines is a painting by Filipino artist Botong Francisco. It was commissioned in 1953 to depict the history of Philippine medicine. It is currently on display in the National Museum of Fine Arts in Manila.
In 1953, Dr. Agerico Sison, then director of Philippine General Hospital, and Dr. Eduardo Quisumbing, director of the National Museum, Dr. Florentino Herrera Jr., and Dr. Constantino Manahan commissioned Botong Francisco to create a painting depicting the history of Philippine medicine.
The painting consists of four oil-on-canvas panels depicting medical practice in the Philippines in four historical eras. They were displayed at the lobby of the Philippine General Hospital for 58 years until their permanent relocation to the Museum Foundation of the Philippines Hall at the National Museum of the Philippines on 27 July 2011.
Tomas Bernardo restored the panels in 1974 and 1991. Its 2006 restoration was under Orlando Abinion’s supervision and was funded by the US Department of State’s Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation. Abinion's team worked on the restoration in 2006 and 2007, with conservation treatment activities including solubility testing, facing and consolidation of paint layers, cleaning of surfaces and removal of old lining and re-lining, removal of facing, surface dirt and old varnish, grafting of holes and leveling lacunae, and preliminary and final retouching.
The restored works are on indefinite loan from the University of the Philippines, PGH’s principal, and are on permanent exhibit in the National Museum of Fine Arts.
In exchange, the museum hung two reproductions created by photographer Benigno T. Tod III of the same size on the two sides of the PGH lobby.
On 21 September 2011, the four-panel painting was declared a national treasure for being an “irreplaceable part of the institutional heritage of the Philippine General Hospital and the University of the Philippines, and of the cultural heritage of the nation."
Spanish period in Arizona

Between the years of 1539 and 1821, the Spanish Empire explored, colonized, and ruled over what is the state of Arizona in the United States.
In 1539, Fray Marcos de Niza passed through what is now southeastern Arizona in search of the Seven Cities of Cibola. In 1540, Francisco Vázquez de Coronado explored eastern Arizona also in search of the mythical cities.
In 1691, the Jesuit missionary, Father Eusebio Francisco Kino travelled through the Pimería Alta, establishing missions to convert the natives to Christianity. Most of the missions founded by Kino were destroyed and/or abandoned because of native American attacks. Missions continued to be established in Arizona, but at a very slow pace. In 1768, the Spanish crown discontinued Jesuit missionary work in the Americas, and missionary work was continued under the Franciscans.
In the 18th century, many native tribes were attacking Spanish settlements in Arizona. To counter this, the Spanish Army built several presidios in northern New Spain. In 1751, the native Pima people revolted against the Spanish in the Pima Revolt, and over 100 settlers were killed and most of the remaining settlers fled in fear, leaving several missions abandoned. In 1752, Presidio San Ignacio de Tubac was built in what is now Tubac, Arizona. In 1775, Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón was built in what is now Tucson, Arizona. Multiple battles took place at Tucson between the Spanish and the Apache. In 1776, Presidio Santa Cruz de Terrenate was founded near what is now Tombstone, Arizona. Eventually, the Spanish made peace with the Apache, by giving them beef, blankets, and guns in return of them living in the establacimientos de paz (peace camps). Apaches who made peace with the Spanish were referred to as Apaches de paz (Apaches of Peace).
In the late 18th century, the Spanish had made peace with the Apache, allowing the area to prosper. Mining began in the Arivaca area in search of silver and gold. The Spanish began giving large land grants in southeastern Arizona, which were turned into ranches (ranchos). In 1821, the Treaty of Córdoba was signed, ending the Mexican War of Independence and giving Mexico control over New Spain.
Ghana

Ghana, resmina Républik Ghana, mangrupa hiji nagara nu aya di Afrika Kulon. Nagara ieu tepung wates jeung Basisir Gading di kulon, Burkina Faso di kalér, Togo di wétan, jeung Teluk Guinea di kidul. Kecap Ghana boga harti "Raja Pajoang" jeung diturunkeun ti Kakaisaran Ghana nu baheula téa.
Ghana dibagi kana 10 région administratif, nu dibagi deui kana (totalna) 170 distrik. Région-régionna nyaéta:
Atikan

Atikan nyaéta pangajaran pangaweruh, kaparigelan, jeung kabiasaan sakelompok jalma anu diwariskeun ti hiji generasi ka generasi saterusna ngaliwatan pangajaran, latihan atawa panalungtikan. Atikan mindeng lumangsung dina hidayah batur, tapi ogé mungkin dina dasar otodidak. Étimologi kecap atikan sorangan asalna tina kecap Latin ducare, hartina "pikeun pituduh, langsung, atawa ngarah" jeung awalan e, hartina "pikeun kaluar". Jadi, atikan hartina kagiatan "ngarah kaluar". Sakur pangalaman anu gaduh pangaruh formatif dina cara jalma mikir, ngarasa, atanapi ngalaksanakeun tiasa dianggap pendidikan.
Hak atikan geus diakuan ku sababaraha pamaréntah. Di tingkat global, Pasal 13 tina Perjangjian Internasional ngeunaan hak ékonomi, sosial jeung budaya ngakuan hak unggal jalma pikeun atikan. Sanajan atikan wajib di kalolobaan tempat nepi ka umur nu tangtu, attending sakola mindeng teu latihan, sarta minoritas kolotna milih sakola ti imah, e-learning atawa atikan sarupa pikeun barudak maranéhanana.
Atikan dimimitan mangsa keur orok lahir sarta sapanjang hirup. Atikan ogé bisa dimimitian saméméh jabang bayi lahir saperti sababaraha "kolot" nu ngadengekeun lagu atawa maca buku mangsa kakandungan nu diharepkeun bakal méré atikan ka orokna. Kanggo sababaraha, perjuangan sareng kameunangan kahirupan sapopoe jauh langkung instruktif tibatan sakola formal Mark Twain: "Kuring henteu pernah ngantep sakola ngaganggu pendidikan kuring.") Anggota kulawarga ngagaduhan pangaruh pendidikan anu cukup jero - sering langkung jero tibatan anu dibayangkeun. — sanajan téknik pangajaran kulawarga bisa jadi kacida informal.
Atikan formal lumangsung nalika masarakat paheut pikeun ngadidik jalma, biasana jalma ngora. Atikan formal bisa jadi sistematis jeung komprehensif, tapi grup rojongan na bisa néangan kauntungan pribadi nalika ngawujud murid ngora gampang dipangaruhan.
Life-long or dewasa education]] has become widespréad. Many dewasa have given up the notion that only anak kecil ren belong in sekolah. beberapa orang dewasa are enrolled in post-secondary education schools, both part-time and full time, where they are often classified as non-traditional students in order to distinguish them administratively from young adults entering directly from high school.
Computing devices can change when and where we léarn. This is the computer based or networked léarning structure, in which péople contribute to éach others' education. It is defined as online education (a subset of distance education), the European Graduate School as a University operates during the summer, it serves as a meeting point for péople that has participated in online forums through the academic yéar, this methodology is a bréak to the traditional educational system.
Dinasti Séljuk

Séljuk (ogé Turki Séljuk, Seldjuks, Seldjuqs, Seljuks, Seljuq; dina basa Turki Selçuklular; dina basa Pérsia: سلجوقيان Saljūqīyān); nyaéta hiji dinasti Turko-Pérsia Muslim Sunni anu ngawasaan bagian Asia Tengah jeung Wétan Tengah ti abad ka-11 nepi ka abad ka-14. Dinasti ieu ngadegkeun hiji kakaisaran, Kakaisaran Séljuk Raya. Dinasti ieu pituin dina konféderasi séké-sélér Tukoman di Asia Tengah. Sanggeus datang ka Pérsia, Séljuk ngadopsi budaya Pérsia Sarta maké basa Pérsia salaku basa resmi pamaréntahan, sarta katémbong salakiu sesepuh ti urang Turki Kulon – pangeusi Azerbaijan, Turki, jeung Turkménistan kiwari.
Dina 1194, Tugrul III ditelasan dina patempuran jeung Shah Khwarezm, anu nganéksasi Hamadan.
Kerman nyaéta hiji propinsi di Pérsia kidul. Antawis 1053 jeung 1154, wewengkonna ngawengku ogé Umman.
Muhammad ninggalkeun Kerman, anu direbut ku pupuhu séké Oghuz, Malik Dinar. Kerman ahirna dianéksasi ku Kakaisaran Khwarezmiyah dina 1196.
Ka Artuqids
Sultan/Émir Damaskus:
Damaskus direbut ku Burid Toghtekin
Citakan:Seljuk dynasty Citakan:History of Turkey topics Citakan:Royal houses of Europe
Abad ka-1

Abad ka-1 SM - Abad ka-1 - Abad ka-2
Daftar tahun-tahun dina abad ke-1 Masehi:
Abad ka-1 nyaéta abad nu lumangsung antara taun 1 tepi ka 100 Maséhi, atawa ti dasawarsa 0-an tepi ka 90-an dina kalénder Gregorian.
Kolitong

The kolitong is a bamboo polychordal tube zither from Bontok, Kalinga, Philippines with six strings that run parallel to its tube body. The strings are numbered from one to six, from lowest to highest pitch. The body acts as the instrument's resonator. The body may be a whole tube or a half tube. In both cases, the two ends of the body are closed by the bamboo nodes. To help with the resonance of the instrument, holes are made on both nodes and long cracks are made along the body parallel to the strings.
A variety of bamboo tube zithers are found throughout the Philippine archipelago, with each zither differing from the other in name, size, and design, depending on its associated ethnic group. In the Kalinga group, men play the kolitong at night as a solo instrument.
Polychordal tube zithers are widespread in the Philippines. They are found in the Cordilleras and in the Mindanao and Palawan area. The instrument is made from a bamboo tube (approximately 10 cm. in diameter and averaging half a meter long) closed on both ends by nodes, which are partially opened for more resonance. Strings are etched out of the bamboo body and remain attached at both ends. To give the string more tension, two small wooden frets are inserted beneath each strings near the ends. The fret positions determine the pitch of the instrument when plucked. The number of strings vary from five to eight or nine and occasionally up to eleven.
The strings of the instrument are played mainly by plucking using the player's fingers. In the Kalinga kulibit, two strings on the frontal side are plucked by the thumbs of both hands and four strings on the dorsal side are plucked by the middle and index fingers. The player holds the instrument with both hands and plucks. One end of the instrument is made to rest against the player's lower waist. A continuous melody is formed by the use of alternate fingers of both hands. The Subanon sigitan player plucks the strings and may be joined by another performer who taps a drone on the body of the instrument with two bamboo sticks. The Ilonggot kollesing is played with the instrument being held by a man, while the woman strikes the strings with small bamboo sticks. The Tirurai tangke is played by two women. Using a plectrum, one plucks a drone while the other plucks a melody.
Polychordal tube zithers in the Philippines vary from place to place. Each instrument is different from the other by size, shape, aesthetic design, and the number of strings. The Kalinga kulibit has six or sometimes eleven strings. The Isneg ohitang has five strings: two in front and three in the back. The Ilonggot kollesing has five or six strings. The Subanon sigitan has five strings. The Tirurai tangke and the Maguindanao tangkel has eight strings. The Manobo tugo has seven strings. The Bukidnon Matigsulug saluray has six strings. The T'boli s'ludoy has five strings.
Tanjidor

Tanjidor is a traditional Betawi musical ensemble developed in Jakarta, Indonesia. This musical ensemble took the form of a modest orchestra and was developed in the 19th century, pioneered by Augustijn Michiels better known as Major Jantje in the Citrap or Citeureup area on the outskirt of Batavia.
The instruments used are almost the same as a military band, a military-styled marching band, and/or corps of drums/drum and bugle corps, usually consisting of select wind and percussion instruments. Other than Jakarta, tanjidor musical ensemble is also can be found in Pontianak, West Kalimantan.
The term tanjidor was derived from Portuguese tanger (playing music) and tangedor (playing music outdoors), subsequently adopted in the Betawi language as tanji (music).
Tanjidor music is commonly performed as traditional street music as well as festive music in several celebrations; such as the Cap Go Meh party in Betawi Chinese communities and Lebaran Betawi. Tanjidor bandsmen usually perform in traditional Betawi weddings to deliver the groom or take part in parades as a group as a general rule, with the band led by a bandmaster or conductor. In general, tanjidor music is usually performed during festive occasions in the Betawi community. They wear uniforms inspired by the traditional clothing of the Betawi of greater Jakarta and its suburban towns, with songkrok caps by the male bandsmen.
This form of musical ensemble is the remnant of the colonial marching band brass and wind instrument and music of the Dutch East Indies era in Indonesia. Their music is usually cheerful songs akin to military march music from the Dutch colonial era, which were usually played by military bandsmen of the Royal Netherlands Navy and the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, and later on by bandsmen of the first generation bands of the Indonesian National Armed Forces.
No fixed number of instruments can be used in the tanjidor band or ensemble. It can be as little as a brass duo of tuba and trumpet, to a quite complete wind orchestra consisting of number of wind and percussion instruments. The musical instruments being played in tanjidor among others are:
Played in concert settings:
لويس رايموند (تنس)

لويس بوسمان رايموند (28 يونيه 1895 - 30 يناير 1962) كان لاعب تنس من جنوب افريقيا . فى دورة الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية سنة 1920 فى أنتويرب ، بلجيكا ، غلب ايتشيا كوماغاى فى النهائيات ليكسب بالميدالية الذهبية.
لويس رايموند كسب طولة جنوب افريقيا 6 مرات. 4 متتالية من سنة 1921 لحد 1924 و انتصارات عامى 1930 و 1931.
وصل دور ال4 فردى فى بطولة ويمبلدون سنة 1924 ، خسر قدام البطل النهائى جان بوروترا فى مجموعات متتالية. سنة 1927 وصل دور ال4 البطولة الفرنسية اللى هزمه فيها بيل تيلدن .
لويس رايموند بين 1919 و 1931 ، لعب ريموند عشر مواجهات مع فريق كأس ديفيز الجنوب أفريقى وسجل 10 انتصارات و 11 خسارة.
فى كتاب بيل تيلدن، The Art of Lawn Tennis ، يوصف ريموند بأنه "لاعب مجتهد ومستحق" وشخص "يحقق النجاح من فى الصناعة بدل الموهبة الطبيعية".
</noinclude>
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
جواو هافيلانج

جواو هافيلانج لاعب كوره الميه و محامى و سياسى و سباح من البرازيل.
جواو هافيلانج من مواليد 8 مايو 1916 فى ريو دى جانيرو, مات فى 16 اغسطس 2016, درس فى جامعه فلومينينسى الاتحاديه.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله عن كوره الميه. و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
باراليمبياد صيف 2012

دورة الالعاب الأوليمبيه للمعاقين 2012 ( الباراوليمبيه ) الاربعتاشر اتلعبت فى لندن، انجلترا، المملكة المتحدة، من 29 اغسطس 2012 لغاية 9 سبتمبر 2012 تنافس فيها المعاقين الرياضيين اللى عندهم اعاقات جسدية . وده بيشمل الرياضيين اصحاب الإعاقة الحركية، وبتر الاعضاء، والعمى، والشلل الدماغي.
روسيلا ايان

روسيلا ايان لاعبه كورة قدم من المغرب و المملكه المتحده .
روسيلا ايان من مواليد يوم 16 مارس 1996 فى ريدنج.
بتلعب فى مركز لاعب وسط, و لعبت مع فريق Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Women.
ماريا بيرتيلى

ماريا بيرتيلى لاعبه كورة قدم من المملكه المتحده.
ماريا بيرتيلى من مواليد يوم 6 اكتوبر 1977 فى اشتون اندريه لاين.
بتلعب فى مركز مُدَافِع, و لعبت مع فريق Charlton Athletic W.F.C. و ايه اف سى ويمبلدون Ladies.
شاركت فى:
راتشايل اكسون

راتشايل اكسون لاعبه كورة قدم من المملكه المتحده.
راتشايل اكسون من مواليد يوم 9 نوفمبر 1985 فى لندن.
بتلعب فى مركز لاعب وسط, و لعبت مع فريق ايه اف سى ويمبلدون و Kolbotn IL و Ottawa Fury Women و Kolbotn Fotball و ايه اف سى ويمبلدون Ladies و Associação Acadêmica e Desportiva Vitória das Tabocas و Avaldsnes IL و اوتاوا فيورى و Houston Dash.
سيدنى كارتر

سيدنى كارتر لاعبه كورة سله من امريكا.
سيدنى كارتر من مواليد يوم 18 نوفمبر 1990 فى دى سوتو.
درست فى جامعة تكساس ايه اند ام.
بتلعب فى مركز هجوم خلفى, و لعبت مع فريق اتلانتا دريم و شيكاجو سكاى و كونيتيكت صن و انديانا فيفر و Texas A&M Aggies women's basketball.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله عن كورة السله. و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
اشلى پيستوريوس

اشلى پيستوريوس لاعبه كورة قدم من امريكا.
اشلى پيستوريوس من مواليد يوم 1 ديسمبر 1985 فى ديكادور.
درست فى جامعة تكساس ايه اند ام.
بتلعب فى مركز مهاجم, و لعبت مع فريق Saint Louis Athletica و Boston Renegades.
اوسكار سالازار (لاعب تايكوندو من الميكسيك)

اوسكار سالازار (بالانجليزى: Óscar Salazar) لاعب تايكوندو من الميكسيك.
اوسكار سالازار من مواليد يوم 3 نوفمبر سنة 1977 فى ميكسيكو سيتى.
شارك فى:
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
ارون كوك (لاعب تايكوندو من مولدوڤا)

ارون كوك (بالانجليزى: Aaron Cook) لاعب تايكوندو من مولدوڤا و المملكه المتحده.
ارون كوك من مواليد يوم 2 يناير سنة 1991 فى دورشيستر (دورست).
شارك فى:
مارك اندريه بيرجيرون (لاعب تايكوندو من كندا)

مارك اندريه بيرجيرون (بالانجليزى: Marc-Andre Bergeron) لاعب تايكوندو من كندا.
مارك اندريه بيرجيرون من مواليد يوم 22 يوليه سنة 1991 فى كندا.
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
بطولة العالم للتايكوندو 1999

بطولة العالم للتايكوندو 1999 (بالانجليزى: 1999 World Taekwondo Championships) هوا موسم رياضى فى تايكوندو اتعمل فى كندا سنة 1999.
بطولة العالم للتايكوندو 1999 هوا الموسم 14 من بطوله العالم للتايكوندو و كان من تنظيم الاتحاد العالمى للتايكوندو..
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
List of sports video games featuring Mario

There have been numerous sports games featuring Mario characters, based, among others, on tennis, golf, baseball, soccer, and various sports featured in the Olympic Games.
The Mario Kart and F1 series are not included in this list.
Mario has appeared in multiple baseball video games. The last two titles were developed by Bandai Namco Entertainment.
While Mario appeared in Tennis as a referee, he first starred as a player in the Virtual Boy game Mario's Tennis, developed by Nintendo R&D1. Like the Mario Golf series, the games have been developed by Camelot Software Planning since the Nintendo 64 instalment.
As with tennis, Mario appeared in multiple golf games before appearing in a Mario-branded entry on the Nintendo 64. Golf was the first sports game to feature Mario as a player. The series is currently developed by Camelot Software Planning.
Mario Strikers (Mario Football in PAL regions and Mario Soccer in South Korea) is a series of association football video games that take place in the Mushroom Kingdom. All entries are developed by Next Level Games.
The Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games series is a collection of games that take place during the Summer and Winter Olympic Games, crossing over characters from the Mario series with those from Sega's Sonic the Hedgehog franchise. It debuted in 2007 for the Wii with the Beijing 2008 edition, titled Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games. Nintendo published the East Asian versions of the first three games and fully published the fourth and fifth games, while Sega published the Western versions of the first three games and fully published the sixth game, with Nintendo licensing characters. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) allowed the licensing deal to lapse in 2020, effectively ending the series.