davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Kisiwa Vancouver

49°30′N 125°30′W﻿ / ﻿49.500°N 125.500°W﻿ / 49.500; -125.500
Kisiwa Vancouver (kwa Kiingereza: Vancouver Island) kiko katika bahari ya Pasifiki, karibu sana na pwani ya Kanada. Ni sehemu ya British Columbia. Urefu unafikia km 460 na upana km 100,. Eneo lake lote ni km2 32134.
Kilele cha juu ni mlima Golden Hinde wenye kimo cha m 2,195 juu ya usawa wa bahari.
Mwaka 2016 wakazi walikuwa 775,347.
Kisiwa Vancouver travel guide kutoka Wikisafiri
Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika

Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika (Kiing. Southern African Development Community kifupi: SADC) iliundwa huko Lusaka, Zambia, tarehe 1 Aprili 1980.
Jina la awali "Southern African Development Community Conference" (SADCC) lilifupishwa kuwa Southern African Development Community tarehe 17 Agosti 1992.
Wanachama ni: Afrika Kusini, Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Komoro, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, Lesotho, Madagaska, Malawi, Morisi, Msumbiji, Namibia, Shelisheli, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Hivyo ina nchi takribani 16 ndani yake. Pia Burundi imeomba kujiunga.
Makao makuu yake yako Gaborone nchini Botswana.
Malengo ya SADC:
Diaspora ya Waafrika

Diaspora ya Waafrika inahusu jumuia za watu duniani kote ambazo zina asili yake katika Waafrika waliohama bara lao au waliohamishwa wakati wa historia kuandikwa.
Katika hizo, kubwa zaidi ni zile za Brazil, Marekani na Haiti.
Umoja wa Afrika unafafanua hivi mtawanyiko huo:
Hati ya kuuanzisha inatamka kwamba
Khoisan X

Khoisan X (alizaliwa Machi 4 mwaka 1955 – 13 Oktoba 2010), zamani Benny Alexander, alikuwa mwanaharakati wa kisiasa wa Afrika Kusini aliyezaliwa Kimberley, Afrika Kusini .
Bennett Alexander alikuwa mtoto wa tatu wa Estelle na Johann Alexander, mfanyakazi katika jiji la Kimberley, jiji ambalo alikulia. Alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Upili ya William Pescod, Kimberley, mnamo 1975. Kufuatia kuajiriwa awali na Idara ya Wafanyakazi wa serikali ya Afrika Kusini, hadi 1981, Alexander alihudumu kwa mwaka mmoja katika timu ya vijana ya Kikristo ambayo ilizunguka Zimbabwe na Afrika Kusini, kabla ya kuhamia Johannesburg ambako alifanya kazi kama mwakilishi wa mauzo katika kampuni ya dawa.
Jakaya Kikwete

Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete alikuwa rais wa nne wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania tangu tarehe 21 Desemba 2005 hadi tarehe 5 Novemba 2015.
Amezaliwa 7 Oktoba 1950 katika kijiji cha Msoga, kata ya Lugoba, tarafa ya Msoga, jimbo la uchaguzi la Chalinze, Wilaya ya Bagamoyo, mkoa wa Pwani.
Lugha ya mama ilikuwa Kikwere.
Alizaliwa katika familia ya wanasiasa. Babu yake Mzee Mrisho Kikwete alikuwa chifu wa Wakwere. Baba yake alikuwa Mkuu wa Wilaya Pangani, Same na Tanga.
Jakaya Kikwete amesimulia hadithi ya kifamilia ya kuwa wakati mama yake alipokuwa mja mzito naye, babu alitamka kuwa ikiwa mtoto atakuwa wa kiume atampatia urithi wa cheo chake.
Miaka 1958 – 1961 akasoma Shule ya Msingi Msoga, halafu 1962 – 1965 Shule ya Kati (Middle School) Lusonga, halafu Shule ya Sekondari Kibaha akiongeza A-level huko Shule ya Sekondari Tanga.
Kuanzia mwaka 1972 alisoma uchumi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam akimaliza kwa kupata digrii yake mwaka 1978.
Akajiunga na Jeshi la Wananchi wa Tanzania (JWTZ).
Jakaya aliposoma Shule ya Sekondari ya Kibaha alikuwa mwenyekiti wa wanafunzi na pia wa Vijana wa TANU. Katika Shule ya Sekondari Tanga alikuwa Kiranja Mkuu na pia kiongozi wa timu ya mpira. Katika UDS alichaguliwa kuwa mwenyekiti wa halmashauri ya wanafunzi.
1mwaka huu alikuwa mkulima wa Msoga. Mwaka 1988 akateuliwa kuwa mbunge na waziri msaidizi. Mwaka 1990 alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Bagamoyo/Chalinze akirudishwa kila uchaguzi hadi mwaka 2000. Akawa waziri akipita katika wizara za maji na fedha.
Mwaka 1995 alijaribu kuchaguliwa kuwa mgombea wa urais upande wa CCM. Inasemekana ya kwamba Mwalimu Julius Nyerere alimwomba wakati ule kumwachia nafasi Benjamin Mkapa aliyeteuliwa na Halmashauri Kuu ya CCM. Kikwete akawa Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje katika serikali zote mbili za Mkapa.
Mwaka 2005 alifaulu kuteuliwa mgombea wa CCM kwa nafasi ya rais akashinda uchaguzi wa Desemba 2005 akizoa 80% za kura zote.
Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2010 alitangazwa tena mshindi ingawa kwa asilimia ndogo zaidi na kwa wasiwasi kuhusu uwezekano wa matokeo kuchakachuliwa na Tume ya Taifa ya Uchaguzi aliyoiteua mwenyewe. Katiba ya nchi hairuhusu kukata rufaa dhidi ya tangazo la tume hiyo.
Kuapishwa kwa mara ya kwanza kwa Jakaya Kikwete kama Rais wa 4 wa Tanzania kulifanyika Jumatano, tarehe 21 Desemba 2005. Ilikuwa ni mwanzo wa muhula wa kwanza wa miaka mitano wa Jakaya Kikwete kama Rais na Ali Mohamed Shein kama Makamu wa Rais.
Katika miaka mitano iliyofuata, rais aliendelea kusafiri sana nje ya nchi, kiasi kwamba alikaa ughaibuni siku nyingi kuliko zile alizokaa nchini Tanzania.
Hali ya mwisho ya nchi ilifananishwa na mwandamizi wake John Magufuli kuwa kama "shamba la bibi", ambamo kila mtu anaweza kuchuma anavyotaka. Pia rais mpya alilalamika kwa kukuta hazina haina fedha, mbali na madeni ya kimataifa kufikia kiasi cha karibu Shilingi za Tanzania milioni 1 kwa kila mwananchi.
Harakati ya Mazungumzo ya Kitaifa ya Tunisia

Wanne kwa Mazungumzo ya Kitaifa (ar. الرباعي التونسي للحوار الوطني, far. Quartet du dialogue national) ni maungano ya taasisi nne nchini Tunisia zilizounga mkono kujenga demokrasia na amani nchini baada ya mapinduzi ya mwaka 2011.
Baada ya mapinduzi hii na uchaguzi huru ya kwanza kulikuwa na kipindi cha mvurugo na mashambulio ya kigaidi kilichoelekea kuingiza Tunisia katika vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe au udikteta mpya.
Katika hali hii taasisi nne ziliungana kwa shabaha ya kutunza demokratia na kuongoza mabadiliko kwa njia ya amani na haki. Taasisi hizi ni
Harakati hii iliweza kukusanya wadau kutoka pande zote za siasa, uchumi na jamii kwenye mikutano ya majadiliano ya kitaifa.
Mwaka 2015 2015 harakati ya taasisi nne ilipewa Tuzo ya Nobel ya Amani kwa "michango muhimu katika ujenzi wa demokrasia ya kushirikisha pande zote nchini Tunisia baada ya mapinduzi ya 2011".
Kaci Kullmann Five, mwenyekiti wa kamati ya Nobel alsema: "Walileta mchakato ya kisiasa na ya amani wakati taifa lilikuwa karibu na vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe."
Märta Bucht

Märta Johanna Bucht (1882–1962) alikuwa mwalimu wa shule wa Uswidi, mstahimilivu na mwanaharakati wa amani. Kuanzia mwaka 1908, aliongoza tawi la Luleå la Chama cha Usuluhishi cha Wanawake cha Uswidi (FKPR). Pia alikuwa hai katika harakati za amani. Mwaka 1919, alikuwa mmoja wa Wasweden 12 waliohudhuria mkutano wa Zurich ambapo Ligi ya Kimataifa ya Wanawake ya Amani na Uhuru ilianzishwa. Katika maisha yake yote, Bucht aliunga mkono harakati za kiasi, na kuwa mwanachama wa IOGT-NTO.
Alizaliwa tarehe 23 Oktoba 1882 huko Luleå, Märta Johanna Bucht alikuwa binti wa mchora ramani na mpangaji mji Gustaf Wilhelm Bucht (1849–1894) na mkewe Rosina (Rosa) Maria née Högström (1853–1894). Alikuwa wa nne katika familia ya watoto sita. Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake katika shule ya kibinafsi huko Luleå, alifanya kazi kwa miaka kadhaa kama mtawala huko Malmberget. Kufuatia kifo cha babake mwaka 1894, mwalimu mkuu wake wa zamani alilipia gharama ya mafunzo yake kama mwalimu wa shule katika Privata Högre Lärarinneseminariet huko Stockholm kuanzia mwaka 1901 hadi 1903.
Alipopokea diploma yake ya ualimu, Bucht alirudi Luleå ambako alikua mwalimu mbadala katika shule ya wasichana hadi alipochumbiwa na Statens normalskola för flicor huko Stockholm. Mwaka 1907, aliteuliwa kwa wadhifa wa kudumu katika shule ya wasichana huko Luleå ambapo alifundisha Kiswidi, Kijerumani, jiografia na kuimba. Alikuwa mshiriki mahiri wa wafanyikazi wa shule hiyo, akishiriki katika vyama vya shule, sherehe na maonyesho. Aliteuliwa kuwa naibu bibi mwaka 1933, cheo ambacho alisaidia hadi alipostaafu mwaka 1948. Baadaye aliendelea kuchukua migawo kama mbadala.
Muda mfupi baada ya kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 1907, Bucht alichaguliwa kuwa mwenyekiti wa tawi la Luleå la chama cha wanawake cha Uswidi cha kupiga kura, akishiriki mashinani na katika ngazi ya kitaifa. Kuvutiwa kwake na vuguvugu hilo kunadhihirika kutokana na mawasiliano aliyodumisha na Frigga Carlberg, mwanachama hai wa chama cha kitaifa na mwenyekiti wa tawi la Gothenburg. Shukrani kwa urafiki aliokuwa ameanzisha na mwanaharakati wa amani Matilda Widegren alipokuwa masomoni, alijiunga na vuguvugu la amani la Uswidi ambalo liliibuka kutokana na mateso katika Vita vya Kwanza vya Kidunia. Alikuwa mmoja wa Washiriki 192 wa Mkutano wa Washiriki 192 wa Amani ya Waswidi katika Uswidi tajiri Uswisi. Mwanachama hai wa bodi kuu ya Uswidi, aliongoza tawi la Luleå kwa miaka 40. Pia alikuwa hai katika tawi la ndani la chama cha kiasi.
Måarta Bucht alifariki Luleå tarehe 1 Novemba 1962 na kuzikwa katika makaburi ya jiji la Innerstad.
Nina Benner-Anderson

Nina Amanda Constantia Benner-Anderson née Åhlande (1865–1947) alikuwa muuguzi wa Uswidi, mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake, mtetezi wa haki za binadamu, mpigania amani na mwanasiasa. Mnamo 1906, Alianzisha tawi la Västerås la Chama cha Kitaifa cha Kuteseka kwa Wanawake mnamo 1909, na kuwa mjumbe wa bodi mwaka 1909. Mwaka 1912, alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuchaguliwa katika Baraza la Jiji la Västerås. Benner-Anderson alikuwa mmoja wa wajumbe wa Uswidi katika Mkutano wa Amani ya Wanawake wa mwaka 1915 huko Hague na aliendelea kuunga mkono sababu ya amani katika miaka ya 1920 na 1930. Alikuwa pia amilifu wa kisiasa katika Chama cha Kitaifa chenye nia Huru na mwanachama kwa muda wa Chama cha Wanawake Kiliberali (Frisinnade Kvinnor Riksförbund).
Alizaliwa tarehe 30 Mei 1865 huko Landskrona, Nina Amanda Constantia Åhlander alikuwa binti ya Carl Magnus Åhlander na mkewe Johanna Carolina née Nilsson. Alikuwa mtoto wa kwanza kati ya watoto wanne. Baada ya baba yake kufariki akiwa na umri wa miaka kumi, familia ilihamia Lund ambako alisoma shule ya kibinafsi. Kufuatia kifo cha mama yake alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 18, alitumia miaka mitatu akiwatunza ndugu zake wadogo kabla ya kuhamia Stockholm kusomea uuguzi katika Drottningens sjuksköterskeskola kuanzia mwaka 1886 hadi 1887. Alipopokea diploma yake, alitumikia kama muuguzi anayefanya kazi katika shule hiyo kwa miaka mitano iliyofuata, miwili kati yake alikaa katika kiwanda cha Domnarvets Jernverk.
Alipokuwa akisoma, alikutana na mhandisi Gustaf Anderson ambaye alimwoa mwaka wa 1883. Walikuwa na watoto wanne pamoja. Karibu 1905, walikaa Västerås ambapo Nina Benner-Anderson alijihusisha na harakati za haki za wanawake, kiasi na amani. Mnamo 1906, alikuwa mwanzilishi mwenza wa chama cha wenyeji wa kupiga kura (FKPR). Alichaguliwa kwenye bodi mwaka wa 1909 na akawa rais mwaka 1912. Kwa hivyo, mwaka huo huo aliwekwa mbele kama mgombeaji mkuu wa wanawake wa baraza la jiji na alichaguliwa kuwa diwani wa kwanza wa jiji la jiji. Alichaguliwa tena mwaka wa 1916 alipochaguliwa pia kuwa mwenyekiti wa sehemu ya mtaa ya LKPR. Kufuatia kifo cha mume wake katika 1918, alihamia Bromma katika Stockholm pamoja na watoto wake.
Benner-Anderson pia alijitolea sana kwa harakati za amani. Alipokuwa akishiriki katika harakati za kiasi cha Utepe Mweupe, mwaka 1912 alianzisha sehemu iliyojitolea kwa kazi ya amani. Mnamo 1915, alikuwa mmoja wa wajumbe wa Uswidi kushiriki katika Kongamano la Amani ya Wanawake huko The Hague. Kwa sababu hiyo, akawa mwanachama wa bodi ya sehemu ya Uswidi ya Ligi ya Kimataifa ya Wanawake kwa Amani na Uhuru hadi 1922. Alishiriki katika mkutano wa Frankfurt kuhusu mbinu za kisasa za vita mwaka wa 1929 na katika 1935 aliunga mkono Movement ya Uswidi ya Kwanza ya Septemba ( Första September-Rörelsen ).
Nina Benner-Anderson alifariki tarehe 26 Machi 1947 huko Västerås, mwenye umri wa miaka 81. Alizikwa katika mji wa Östra kyrkogården (Makaburi ya Mashariki).
Amani National Congress

The Amani National Congress (ANC) is a social-liberal political party in Kenya. It tends to be more popular among the Luhya people.
The party was established by Musalia Mudavadi in 2015 after he left the United Democratic Forum Party, with around 300 UDF members from Nairobi joining the new party.
Prior to the 2017 general elections Mudavadi formed the National Super Alliance, which supported Raila Odinga as its presidential candidate. The parties contested the parliamentary elections alone, with the ANC becoming the fourth largest in Parliament, winning three seats in the Senate and fourteen in the National Assembly.
Kenya Kwanza

Kenya Kwanza (Swahili: "Kenya First") is a Kenyan political alliance currently headed by William Ruto. The political coalition currently holds the speakership position in both the National Assembly and Senate of Kenya. It was formed in the period leading up to the 2022 Kenyan general election, originally consisting of three parties: the United Democratic Alliance (UDA), Amani National Congress and FORD–Kenya. By 8 April 2022, several more political parties had joined the alliance, bringing the total number of constituent parties to 12. On 18 August 2022, a number of politicians from the United Democratic Movement announced they would be joining the alliance.
The coalition instruments affirm that the constituent parties themselves remain independent with their own leadership structures. In practice, however, the various party organs and committees harmonize their decisions with each other. In addition to supporting a common presidential and vice presidential candidate, the constituent parties do, upon consensus, field a common candidate in various other elective positions.
After arriving at a coalition deal, the Kenya Kwanza Alliance announced that the positions of the coalition's flag-bearer and running-mate were reserved for the UDA. Thus, UDA party leader William Ruto became the coalition's designated candidate. William Ruto chose Rigathi Gachagua as his running mate in what was perceived as a blunder at the time, overlooking Kithure Kindiki, the senator for Tharaka Nithi. The Kenya Kwanza coalition deal also stipulated that upon winning the election, the position of Prime Cabinet Secretary was to be created and reserved for the founding party, the Amani National Congress. The positions of Speaker of the National Assembly and Speaker of the Senate were reserved for FORD-Kenya and the Pamoja African Alliance respectively.
After the 2022 elections, a dispute ensued between Kenya Kwanza and its main rival coalition, Azimio la Umoja, after both sides claimed the majority. Both Speaker of the National Assembly Moses Wetangula and his Senate counterpart Amason Kingi decided in favor of Kenya Kwanza.
In 2024, Kenya Kwanza coalition and President Ruto faced popular protests over proposed tax hikes.
As of 12 April 2022, the alliance consisted of the following political parties:
National Super Alliance

The National Super Alliance, known by the abbreviation NASA, was a Kenyan political coalition of opposition centre-left parties that was formed in January 2017. The coalition was created to oppose President Uhuru Kenyatta and Deputy President William Ruto in the 2017 general elections. Raila Odinga, Musalia Mudavadi, Kalonzo Musyoka, Moses Wetangula and Isaac Ruto were the co-principals of the coalition.
The alliance included the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), the Wiper Democratic Movement (Wiper), Forum for the Restoration of Democracy – Kenya (FORD–Kenya), the Amani National Congress (ANC), Chama Cha Mashinani (CCM), the National Rainbow Coalition, the Progressive Party of Kenya, Chama Cha Uzalendo (CCU) and the Muungano Party (MP).
The NASA co-principals decided to abandon the coalition after alleged mistrust, betrayal, and competing ambitions among the members. The coalition was dissolved after Wiper, CCM and FORD–Kenya wrote to the office of the registrar of political parties with intention to withdraw from the coalition. Article 15 (1) of the Coalition Agreement stated that the coalition shall be dissolved when any three of the member parties decide to leave the coalition. Kenya's registrar of political parties, Ann Nderitu, confirmed NASA's dissolution on 26 August 2021.
The NASA Coalition's presidential candidate for the 2017 general election was Raila Odinga, and the candidate for deputy-president was Kalonzo Musyoka.
Odinga and Musyoka ran under the National Super Alliance. Thus, their political parties, ODM and Wiper respectively, opted to field their own candidates for other political positions. The other political parties in the coalition also fielded candidates for various electoral positions. Thus, "NASA candidates" did not technically exist.
Of all the principals, only Musalia Mudavadi did not run for electoral office. He instead ran the NASA National Campaign Committee. Odinga and Musyoka ran for president and deputy president respectively, Wetangula ran for Bungoma County senator, and Isaac Ruto ran for governor of Bomet County.
The NASA Coalition launched a six-point manifesto prior to the 2017 elections that focuses on
The manifesto borrowed heavily from that by the Coalition for Reforms and Democracy, for which Odinga and Musyoka were the candidates for president and deputy president in the 2013 general election.
Amason Kingi

Amason Kingi Jeffah EGH (born 1973) is a Kenyan politician currently serving as the Speaker of the Senate of Kenya. He is a member and leader of the Pamoja African Alliance party, which he founded. The party is part of the Kenya Kwanza alliance. He served as the first governor of Kilifi County from 2013 to 2022, having been elected twice to the position.
He formed his own party, Pamoja African Alliance which later joined the United Democratic Alliance, FORD–Kenya, the Amani National Congress and other small parties to form the Kenya Kwanza alliance, which was elected into government in the 2022 Kenyan general election.
Kingi studied law and graduated from the University of Nairobi in 1998. As a member of the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), he was elected to represent the Magarini Constituency in parliament during the 2007 Kenyan parliamentary election.
His growing reputation was spotted by president Mwai Kibaki and prime minister Raila Odinga, who gave him a position as Minister for the East African Community in the Grand Coalition government that was formed after the 2007 post-election violence. He served as Minister for Fisheries Development from 2010 to 2013.
Kingi ran for and won the governorship of Kilifi County in 2013, and he was reelected in 2017. He established the Pamoja African Alliance party in an effort to free coastal Kenya from ODM's control. This party originally aligned itself with Azimio la Umoja, which supported Raila Odinga for president, but severed relations with the group in 2022 and joined Kenya Kwanza, which supported William Ruto. Kenya Kwanza and Ruto won the 2022 elections, and Kingi was elected Speaker of the Senate.
Fly-whisk

A fly-whisk (or fly-swish) is a tool that is used to swat flies. A similar device is used as a hand fan in hot tropical climates, sometimes as part of regalia, and is called a chowrie, chāmara, or prakirnaka in South Asia and Tibet.
In Indonesian art, a fly-whisk is one of the items that is associated with Shiva. A fly-whisk is frequently seen as an attribute of Hindu, Jain, Daoist and Buddhist deities. The fly-whisk is evident in some configurations of the Ashtamangala, employed in some traditions of murti puja, particularly Gaudiya Vaishnavism. It is also used as an accessory in the ritual aspects of folk performance traditions, especially folk-theater forms like Pala, where it can double as a prop.
Fly-whisks are in use in parts of the contemporary Middle East, such as Egypt, by some classes of society, e.g., outdoor merchants and shop keepers, especially in summer when flies become bothersome. Those have a wooden handle and plant fibers attached to them. The more expensive ones are made from horse hair. In the eastern parts of the Indian subcontinent, it is made from the tail-hairs of the yak. Yakut people from Siberia use fly-whisk called deybiir made of horse tail both for swating mosquitoes and as a sacred tool for shamanistic rituals.
Fly-whisks appear frequently in the traditional regales of monarchs and nobility in many parts of the African continent. Fly whisks, called "ìrùkẹ̀rẹ̀" in Yoruba, were used by Yoruba monarchs and chiefs as a symbol of power and respect. This use has sometimes carried on into modern contexts: Kenyan leader Jomo Kenyatta carried a fly-whisk, a mark of authority in Maasai society, as did Malawian leader Hastings Banda, while South African jazz musician Jabu Khanyile also used a Maasai fly-whisk as a trademark when on stage. The fly-whisk is one of the traditional symbols of Taoist and Buddhist monastic hierarchy in China and Japan, along with the khakkhara, jewel scepter, and begging bowl. The fly-whisk in Buddhism represents the symbolic "sweeping" of ignorance and mental afflictions. The Daoist fly-whisk is made of the root and twine of the smilax for the handle, and the hairs are made of palm fiber. The Chinese fly-whisk is also used in many Chinese martial arts such as Shaolin Kung Fu and Wudang quan, each corresponding to their own respective religious philosophy.
A fly-whisk forms part of the royal regalia of Thailand. It consists of the tail hairs of a white elephant. Fly-whisks were also used in Polynesian culture as a ceremonial mark of authority.
In 1827, the last Ottoman ruler of Algeria, Hussein Dey, struck the French consul, Pierre Deval in the face with a fly-whisk during a dispute over unpaid French debts to Algeria. That insult became a pretext for the French invasion of Algeria in 1830.
Mercy Muroki

Mercy Muroki is a Kenyan-British researcher, journalist, and television presenter. She was a member of the UK government's Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities in 2021. In the same year, she began presenting on GB News, as well as writing columns for tabloid newspaper The Sun.
Muroki was born in Kenya and moved to West London at the age of five. She became a mother at 18 and while claiming Universal Credit, she studied Politics at Queen Mary University of London from 2015 to 2018 and graduated with a first. She completed a Master of Science degree in Comparative Social Policy at Jesus College, Oxford, from 2019 to 2021. Muroki was the youngest of the researchers appointed on the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities, which made the conclusion in 2021 that British society is not institutionally racist. In 2023, Muroki became a policy adviser for the Minister for Women and Equalities Kemi Badenoch.
Muroki is a columnist for The Sun newspaper, where she has expressed conservative views, including criticism of the Labour Party, who she has claimed demonise black and female conservatives, as well as "anti-woke" views. She has also written for The Times, where she has argued that black Conservatives are demonised by the Labour Party, and that "politics of class and victimhood" hold back black youth.
Muroki was signed by GB News, which began broadcasting in June 2021. On the channel, she co-hosted Brazier & Muroki, Monday to Friday, 9 am to 12 pm, with veteran anchor Colin Brazier. In August 2021, Brazier & Muroki was replaced by To the Point, which Muroki co-hosted with Patrick Christys. On 27 October 2022, Muroki tweeted that she had left GB News.
President Barack Obama (painting)

President Barack Obama is an oil-on-canvas portrait of Barack Obama, the 44th president of the United States, completed by the artist Kehinde Wiley in 2018 for the National Portrait Gallery.
In October 2017, it was announced that Wiley had been chosen by Barack Obama to paint an official portrait of the former president to appear in Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery "America's Presidents" exhibition. The painting depicts Obama sitting in a chair seemingly floating among foliage. The foliage is described by the artist as "chrysanthemums (the official flower of Chicago), jasmine (symbolic of Hawaii where the president spent most of his childhood) and African blue lilies (alluding to the president's late Kenyan father)." Obama is wearing a 39mm White Gold Rolex Cellini watch which he has chosen to wear on multiple high profile occasions, including the inauguration of President Biden. Reacting to the unveiling of his portrait Obama said: "How about that? That's pretty sharp".
Together with Amy Sherald's portrait of Michelle Obama, the paintings were unveiled at the National Portrait Gallery on February 12, 2018. Both portraits mark the first time two African-American artists were commissioned by the National Portrait Gallery.
The unveiling of the portrait led to thousands of visitors lining up at the entrance, and a threefold increase in visitors compared to the prior President's Day Weekend. At the unveiling, Obama appreciated Wiley's ability to show "the beauty and the grace and the dignity" of black people in a grand way. Obama commended the painting for avoiding making him "look like Napoleon" as many of Wiley's previous subjects were on horseback. National Gallery Director Kim Sajet supported both the selection and the artist's rendition, commending Wiley on his ability to integrate popular culture into the realm of high art.
Online media outlets had mixed reactions to the painting. Some see the portraits as political and historical commentary; elegant as an attempt to subvert the racist insults experienced by Obama during his presidency but vibrant enough to entice the viewer. The Washington Post described the painting as "not what you'd expect and that's why it's great". Those approving of the portrait say it portrays Obama as an intelligent, serious problem solver. The piece has more critically been described as "weird" and that the president sits "awkwardly perched on the edge of his chair".
The public response on social media included humorous reflections on the portrait in the form of memes, featuring cartoon character Homer Simpson and using wordplay to comment on the use of bushes in the portrait, comparing the bushes to the family of Obama's predecessor George W. Bush.
Emmanuel Jambo

Emmanuel Jambo is a South Sudanese photographer based in Nairobi, Kenya. He is among the most sought after photographers in East and Central Africa and is popularly known for taking the official Kenyan president Uhuru Kenyatta's official portrait. In 2012, Emmanuel was recognized by Forbes Magazine as one of the most influential photographers in Africa, and later on named the official photographer for Kenya's President Uhuru Kenyatta.
Totoy Torrente

Si Alfonso "Totoy" Torrente ay isang artistang Filipino na isinilang noong 1926. Ang una niyang pelikula ay sa ilalim ng Sampaguita Pictures.
Nakagawa pa siya ng dalawang pelikula sa LVN Pictures ang Kambal na Ligaya noong 1948 at Krus na Digma naman ng X'Otic Pictures noong 1948 bago siya lumipat sa Premiere Production. Siya ang founder nang Philippine Movie Special Effects at TNT Boys/Stuntmen. Si Totoy Torrente ang unang unang me ari nang mga supply sa pelikula "Torrente Enterprises": Costume, Armory, at Movie set simula pa nung 1940's. Nag produce/Director siya ng ilang pelikula "AST Production".
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
DWSJ

Ang DWSJ (97.7 FM), sumasahimpapawid bilang 97.7 Bambi FM, ay isang himpilan ng radyo na pagmamay-ari at pinamamahalaan ng Tamaraw Broadcasting Network. Ang estudyo at transmiter nito ay matatagpuan sa kahabaan ng National Highway, Brgy. Labangan, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro.
Mario T. Barri

Si Mario T. Barri ay isang artistang Pilipino na naging isang aktor muna si bago naging isang direktor.
Isinilang siya noong 1928 at unang gumanap sa pelikulang Song of Sto. Tomas ng Lebran Pictures. Gumanap din siya ng mahalagang papel sa isang pang-mahal na araw na handog ng Lebran ang Kalbaryo ni Hesus. Napasabak din siya sa isang katatakutang-komedya ng FP Pictures ang Multo ng Opera.
Noong 1955 lumabas din siya sa isang mahalagang papel sa pelikulang Sanda Wong ng Manuel Vistan Pictures at Champion Ho. Hindi siya lumabas sa Sampaguita O LVN pero nakagawa siya sa Premiere Production ng Paltik kung saan pinagbidahan ni Efren Reyes.
Lumabas siya sa Tamaraw Studios para sa pelikulang Matira ang Matibay. Unang siyang nagdirihe sa pelikulang Kilabot ng Sta Barbara ng Tamaraw. Nakilala siya ng lubos ng gawin niya ang internasyonal na pelikulang Escape to Mindanao na pinangunahan ng banyang kano na si Gilbert Roland.
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Bubalus bubalis

Ang Bubalus bubalis (karaniwang pangalan sa Ingles: water buffalo), ay isang malaking wangis-baka na hayop na ginagamit sa agrikultura sa Timog Asya, Timog Amerika, Timog Europa, Hilagang Aprika at iba pang bahagi ng mundo. Ang kalabaw (Bubalus bubalis carabanesis) ay isang subspecies nito.
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Ligaw na kalabaw

Ang ligaw na kalabaw (Bubalus arnee), na tinatawag ring Asian buffalo at Asiatic buffalo, ay isang malaking hayop na wangis-baka na katutubo sa timog-silangang Asya. Ang espesyeng ito ay itinala bilang nanganganib sa IUCN Red List simula 1986 at ang natitirang populasyon ay may kabuuang mababa sa 4,000 na may tinatayang mas kaunti sa 2,500 matatanda nito. Ang pandaigdigang populasyon nito ay tinatayang 3,400 indibidwal na ang 3,100 (91%) ay nabubuhay sa India na karamihan ay sa estado ng Assam. Ang ligaw na tubig buffalo ang ninuno ng domestikadong kalabaw at ang ikalawang pinakamalaking bovid na mas maliit lamang sa gaur. Ang katamtamang mas maliit na Aprikanong buffalo o Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) ay hindi malapit na nauugnay sa kalabaw.
Baka (sodyak)

Ang Baka ay ang ikalawa sa 12-taong cycle ng hayop na lumilitaw sa Tsino zodiac na may kaugnayan sa Kalendaryong Intsik. Ang 'Year of the Ox' ay tinutukoy ng Earthly Branch simbolo 丑. Ang pangalan ay isinalin din sa Ingles bilang ' baka' ; 牛 / 丑 ay tumutukoy rin sa Cow sa pangkalahatan, ang mga lalaki at babae.
Sa Vietnamese zodiac, ang water buffalo ay sumasakop sa posisyon ng Ox. Sa Gurung zodiac, ang kapong baka ay pinalitan din ng Cow.
Ang mga taong ipinanganak sa loob ng mga petsang ito ay maaaring sinabi na ipinanganak sa "Taon ng Baka", habang dinadala ang sumusunod na elemental na palatandaan.
Kalabaw

Ang kalabaw (Bubalus bubalis carabanesis o minsan Bubalus carabanesis) o anuwang ay isang domestikadong uri ng kalabaw na pantubig o water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) na karaniwang matatagpuan sa Pilipinas, Guam, pati sa ibang bahagi Timog-silangang Asya. Madalas iniuugnay ang kalabaw sa mga magbubukid dahil ito ang kadalasang napiling hayop para sa pag-araro at pagtulak ng kariton na ginagamit ng mga magbubukid upang madala ang kanilang ani sa palengke.
Karaniwang nabubuhay ang mga kalabaw ng 18 hanggang 20 taon at maaring umabot ang timbang nila sa 800 kilo sa kanilang pagtanda. Parehong may sungay ang babae't lalaking kalabaw. Itim naman ang karaniwang kulay ng kanilang balat na nakapalibot sa kabuuan ng kanilang katawan habang mabuhok ang kanilang ulo at ang dulo ng kanilang buntot. Bagamat tahimik, maaring silang mag-ingay kapag nabulabog. Kadalasang makikitang nagpapalamig ang mga kalabaw sa mga putikan, dahil na rin wala sila ng mga tinatawag na sweat glands. Mabuti ito sa kanilang kalusugan dahil hindi lamang sila nagpapalamig kundi nagkakaroon rin sila ng kalasag laban sa mga insekto. Damo at iba pang halamang ligaw ang kinakain ng mga kalabaw at kadalasang tuwing umaga sila kumakain. Sa ibang bahagi ng daigdig, mahalaga ang mga kalabaw dahil sa kanilang gatas at karne.
Likas ang mga kalabaw sa Pilipinas at karaniwan na itong alaga. Pero, kahit papano itinuturing pa rin itong mahalaga. Sa katunayan, noong 1925, nagkakahalaga ng 50 piso ang isang kalabaw na may kamahalan na sa panahong iyon. Tinuturing na pambansang simbolo ng Pilipinas ang kalabaw. Kalabaw din ang mascot ng Philippine Daily Inquirer na nagngangalang Guyito.
Mula sa Pilipinas ang mga kalabaw ng Guam. Dinala ang mga ito mula pa noong kapanahunan ng mga Kastila.
Tulad ng mga Pilipino, ginagamit din ng mga taga-Guam ang kalabaw sa pagsasaka. Tinuturing rin itong pambansang simbolo. Minsan sa mga kapistahan nagkakaroon sila ng mga karera ng mga kalabaw. Karaniwan rin itong ginagamit ng mga bata na para sakyan tuwing may pista. Kabilang na sa karaniwang kultura ang mga kalabaw doon. Isang halimbawa nito ang pampaskong awit na "Jungle Bells" ("Jingle Bells"), kung saan inihahambing ang pagsakay sa kalabaw sa pagsakay sa kabayo. Minsan ring kinakain ang karne ng kalabaw.
Bagamat malaki ang bilang ng mga kalabaw noong panahong 1900, kakaunti na lamang sila ngayon. Isang katangi-tanging lugar ay ang U.S. Naval Magazine sa barangay ng Santa Rita, kung saan naproprotektahan ang mga kalabaw dahil sa pagkabakod ng Naval Magazine sa lahat ng sulok.
Noong 2003, nagdudulot ng pakakontamina sa tubig ng Fena Resevoir ang paglobo ng bilang ng mga kalabaw kaya't naisipan ng U.S. Navy na lipunin ang kanilang bilang sa pamamagitan ng pangangaso. Ikinagalit naman ito ng mga lokal na Chamorro.
Bos primigenius

Ang Bos primigenius (Ingles: aurochs o urus) ang ninuno ng mga domestikong baka. Ito ay isang uring ekstintong malaking baka na nanirahan sa Europa, Asya at Hilagang Aprika. Ang mga ito ay nagpatuloy sa Europa hanggang sa huling naitalang aurochs na isang babae na namatay sa Kagubatan Jaktorów, Poland noong 1627. Noong Rebolusyong Neolitiko na nangyari sa simulang Holeseno, may hindi bababa sa dalawang mga pangyayaring domestikasyon ng mga aurochs. Ang isa ay nauugnay sa subespesyeng Indian na tumungo sa bakang Zebu at ang isa ang nauugnay sa subespesyeng Eurasyan na tumungo sa taurine na baka. Ang ibang mga espesye ng ligaw o wild na bovine na wild water buffalo, Gaur, at Banteng ay dinomestika rin.
Astato

Ang astato (Espanyol: astato, Ingles: astatine) ay isang uri ng elementong kimikal na radyoaktibo at may sagisag na At at atomikong bilang na 85. Ito ang pinakamabigat sa natuklasan nang mga halogeno. Bagaman nalilikha ito sa pamamagitan ng pagkabulok na radyoaktibo sa kalikasan, natatagpuan lamang itong may kakaunting bilang dahil sa maiksi nitong kalahating buhay. Unang nakagawa ng astatino sina Dale R. Corson, Kenneth Ross MacKenzie, at Emilio Segrè noong 1940. Tatlong taon ang nakalipas bago natagpuan ang mga bakas ng astatino sa loob ng likas na mga mineral. Hanggang sa kamakailan lamang, karamihan sa mga katangiang pisikal at kimikal ng astatino ay nababatay lamang mula sa paghahambing sa iba pang mga elemento. Ilan sa mga isotopo ng astatino ang ginagamit bilang mga tagapaglabas o "emiter" ng mga partikulong alpa sa mga paggamit na makaagham at nasubukan na rin ang paggamit na pangmedisina ng astatino bilang 211 (astatine 211 sa Ingles). Sa kasalukuyan, ang astatino ang pinakabihirang likas na lumilitaw o likas na nalilikhang elemento, na may mas mababa sa isang onsa sa loob ng buong balat o kapatagan ng mundo.
Magnisyo

Ang magnesyo (Ingles: magnesium) ay isang elementong kimikal sa talahanayang peryodiko na sinasagisag ng simbolong Mg at nagtataglay ng atomikong bilang 12.
May atomikong timbang na 24.312, punto ng pagkatunaw na 651 °C, punto ng pagkulong 1,107 °C, espesipikong grabidad na 1.74, at V na 2) ay isang elementong metalikong may katangian ng pagiging magaan, parang pilak, at medyo may katigasan lamang. Kapag nasa anyong pulbos o kaya laso o ribon, nagsasanhi ito ng maputi at maliwanag na liwanag kung nasusunog o kapag sumasabog. Nagagamit ito sa paggawa ng mga pailaw (mga pirotekniko o luses, aloy, pasiklab o flash sa Ingles ng kamera, at mga bomba. Natuklasan ito ni Humphry Davy noong 1808.
Aluminyo

Ang aluminyo (Ingles: aluminum) ay isang elementong kimikal sa talahanayang peryodiko na sinasagisag ng simbolong Al at nagtataglay ng atomikong bilang 13.
(atomikong timbang = 26.98, punto ng pagkatunaw = 660.2 °C, punto ng pagkulo = 2,467 °C, ispesipikong grabidad = 2.69, V = 3, simbolo: Al, malaking A na sinundan ng maliit na L) ay isang metalikong elemento na maputi ang kulay at katulad ng pilak. Ito ang elementong itinuturing na pinakarami ang bilang sa balat ng lupa, bagaman natatagpuang nakalangkap sa iba pang mga elemento. Natuklasan ito ni Hans Christian Ørsted noong 1825. Ginagamit ito sa pag-gawa ng mga kasangkapang magagaan, hindi kalawangin, at matitibay o matitigas, katulad halimbawa ng sa kaldero at sa bubong ng bahay.
Boron

Ang boro (Ingles: boron) ay isang elementong kimikal sa talahanayang peryodiko na sinasagisag ng simbolong B at nagtataglay ng atomikong bilang 5.
May atomikong bigat na 10.118, punto ng pagkatunaw na 2,300oC, nagkakaroon ng sublimasyon sa 2,550oC, may espesipikong grabidad na 2.34 (anyong kristalina), at balensiyang 3) ay isang hindi metalikong elemento na malambot at kakulay ng kape, at nasa anyong amorpus o kristalina. Nakukuha ang mga ito mula sa kerito at boraks. Naihiwalay ito nina Humphry Davy, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac at Louis Jacques Thénard noong 1808 sa pamamagitan ng reaksiyon ng asidong boriko at ng potasyo. Tinawag ito ni Davy bilang boracium. Nagagamit ang elementong ito para sa paggawa ng mga pampasibad na kemikal, sa mga pampailaw, panggasgas, at maging para sa aloy na matitigas.
Zoo

Ang zoo (pinaikling zoological garden; binabaybay din na su) ay isang soolohikal na liwasang alagaan, kulungan, at tanghalan ng iba't ibang uri ng mga hayop. Ito ay isang lugar o kayarian kung saan nakakulong sa loob ng mga kulungan, ipinamamalas sa publiko, at kung saan maaari rin silang paanakin at paramihin.
Ang katagang halamanang pangsoolohiya ay tumutukoy sa soolohiya, ang pag-aaral ng mga hayop, isang katawagang hinango magmula sa Griyegong zōon (ζῷον, "hayop") at lógos (λóγος, "pag-aaral"). Ang daglat na "soo" o zoo ay unang ginamit sa London Zoological Gardens ("Mga Halamanang Pangsoolohiya ng Londres"), na binuksan para sa makaagham na pag-aaral noong 1828 at sa publiko noong 1847. Ang bilang o dami ng pangunahing mga kalipunan ng mga hayop na mapagmamasdan ng madla sa buong mundo ay lumalampas na sa ngayon sa 1,000, nasa 80 bahagdan ng mga ito ang nasa mga lungsod.
Subalit, ang pagpapanatili ng mga hayop sa mga palahayupan ay nakapupukaw ng pagmamalasakit sa mga karapatan ng mga hayop. Ang mga palahayupan ay karaniwang nagbabahay ng mas maraming mababangis na mga hayop kaysa sa mga domestikado.
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Animismo

Ang animismo (mula sa Lating anima o "kaluluwa", "buhay") ay isang paniniwala na nagsasabing mayroong puwersang hindi materyal na nagpapakilos sa kapaligiran. Sinasabi rin dito na may kani-kaniaya o angking kaluluwa ang mga bagay-bagay. Bukod dito, isa itong paniniwala sa kapangyarihan at lakas ng kaluluwa. Isa itong ideyang pilosopikal, relihiyoso, o espiritwal na umiiral ang mga kaluluwa o mga espiritu hindi lamang sa mga tao at mga hayop, ngunit maging sa mga halaman, mga bato, mga likas na kaganapang katulad ng kulog, sa mga heograpikong katangiang katulad ng mga bundok o mga ilog, o iba pang mga entidad ng kapaligirang likas, na isang proposisyong kilala rin bilang hilosoismo sa pilosopiya. Sa animismo, maaaring paniwalaan ding may mga kaluluwa ang mga konseptong walang tiyak na anyo o abstrakto, katulad ng mga salita, mga tunay na pangalan, o mga metapor sa mitolohiya. Karamihan sa mga pananampalatayang nagbibigay-diin sa animismo ay mga relihiyong-bayan, katulad ng sari-saring mga anyo ng Shamanismo, Shinto, Taoismo, Wicca, Budu, o ilang daloy ng Hinduismo.
Sa kahabaan ng kasaysayan ng Europa, nagmuni-muni ang mga pilosopong katulad nina Plato, Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, kasama ng iba pa, na umiiral ang kaluluwa o espiritu sa mga hayop, mga halaman, at mga tao.
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Kapibara

Ang kapibara (Ingles: capybara) o Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris ay isang uri ng hayop na may katawang kamukha ng sa baboy at ngusong kahawig naman ng daga. Natatagpuan sila Timog Amerika. Kilala rin sila bilang capibara, chigüire sa Beneswela, chigüiro, at carpincho sa Kastila, at capivara sa Portuges, ay ang pinakamalaking daga sa mundo. Kamag-anak ito ng agouti, chinchilla, nutria o coyphilla, at dagang puti (kilala rin bilang dagang kuneho, dagang kosta o guinea pig). Hinango ang karaniwang pangalan nito mula sa kapiÿva ng wikang Guarani, na may ibig sabihing "panginoon ng mga damuhan" habang mula naman sa Griyegong hydrochaeris ang pangalan nito sa agham o siyentipikong pangalan, na nangangahulugang "tubig-baboy".
May mabibigat na mga pangangatawan ang mga kapibara na kahugis ng bariles at may maiikling mga ulo. Mayroon din silang balahibong mamulamula't kayumanggi sa gawing itaas ng kanilang mga katawan na nagiging dilawaing kayumanggi sa ilalim. Lumalaki na hanggang 130 centimetro (4.3 tal) at umaabot sa timbang na 65 kg (143 lb) ang mga nasa huston gulang nang mga kabipara. May bahagyang masapot na mga paa ang mga kapibara, walang buntot, at 20 mga ngipin. Bahagyang mas mahaba ang panlikurang mga paa nila kaysa nasa harap at pulpol ang kanilang mga nguso na may mga mata, mga butas ng ilong, at mga taingang nasa itaas ng kanilang mga ulo. Mas mabigat ng kauni ang mga kababaihan kung ihahambing sa mga kalalakihan.
Saribuhay

Ang saribuhay o pagkasari-sari ng buhay (Ingles: biodiversity, biological diversity) ay baryedad at pagkakaiba-iba ng buhay sa mundo. Sukatan ang saribuhay ng baryasyon sa mga antas ng henetika, espesye, at ekosistema.
Hindi pantay-pantay ang saribuhay sa mundo; mas sari-sari ito sa mga tropiko dahil sa mainit-init na klima at mataas na pangunahing produksiyon sa rehiyon na malapit sa ekwador. Wala pang 10% ng rabaw ng mundo ang mga ekosistema ng tropikal na kagubatan at nilalaman ang mga ito ng 90% ng mga espesye sa mundo. Mas mataas ang saribuhay ng dagat sa mga baybayin sa Kanlurang Paspiko, kung saan pinakamataas ang temperatura ng pinakaibabaw ng dagat, at sa bandang gitnang latitud sa lahat ng mga karagatan. Waring kumukumpol-kumpol ang saringbuhay sa mga hotspot, at tumataas ito sa paglipas ng panahon, ngunit malamang na babagal ito sa hinaharap bilang pangunahing bunga ng deporestasyon. Sinasaklaw nito ang mga proseso sa ebolusyon, ekolohiya, at kultura na sumusustine sa buhay.
DWLC

Ang DWLC (1017 AM) Radyo Pilipinas ay isang himpilan ng radyo na pagmamay-ari at pinamamahalaan ng Presidential Broadcast Service. Ang estudyo nito ay matatagpuan sa Old Barangay Federation Bldg., Governor's Mansion Compound, Lucena, at ang transmiter nito ay matatagpuan sa Brgy. Talipan, Pagbilao.
Murrah buffalo

The Murrah buffalo is a breed of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) mainly kept for milk production. It originates in Haryana and Punjab of India, where it is kept in the districts of Bhiwani, Agra, Hisar, Rohtak, Jind, Jhajhar, Fatehabad, Gurgaon and the capital region of Delhi. It has been used to improve the milk production of dairy buffalo in other countries, such as Italy, Bulgaria and Egypt. A Murrah buffalo at the Lakshmi Dairy Farm in Punjab set a record of 26.335 kg (58.06 lb) of milk in the 2016 National Livestock Competition and Expo. In Brazil, this breed of buffalo is used for production of both meat and milk. Murrahs sell for a high price.
Among Indian buffalo breeds, Murrah is noted to have the highest milk yield.
Murrah buffaloes are jet black in colour, sometimes with white markings on the face or legs. Their eyes are black, active, and prominent in females, but slightly shrunken in males and should not be walled, i.e., the cornea should not have whiteness. Their necks are long and thin in females and thick and massive in males. Their ears are short, thin, and alert.
They typically have short and tightly curved horns. Bulls weigh around 550 kg (1,210 lb) and cows around 450 kg (990 lb). Average milk production is 2,200 L (480 imp gal; 580 US gal) in a lactation period of 310 days.
These institutes have ongoing research programs to enhance and disseminate the Murrah breed:
In Asia, Murrah buffaloes were first introduced in Philippines from India in 1917 to cross breed with native Carabao breed. A few Nili-Ravi breed were also exported from India to Philippines. Philippine Carabao Center was established in 1992 at Science City of Muñoz in Nueva Ecija province to breed and cross carabao based on high-yield Murrah buffalo in the Philippines as a multi-purpose animal that can be raised for milk, meat, hide, and draft. This project has now expected to more than 14 buffalo research centers, based on murrah breed, spread across Philippines.
In Europe, the native breed were crossbred with the Indian Murrah breed in Bulgaria, and later in Romania, some were crossbred with Bulgarian Murrah.
In South America, starting from late 19th century Murrah & Jaffarabadi breeds were imported by Brazil to improve the breed there.
Mindoro Tamaraws

The Mindoro Tamaraws are a Filipino professional basketball team based in the province of Oriental Mindoro. The team primarily competes in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL) as a member of the league's South Division. The team splits its home games between the Sentrong Pangkabataan in Calapan and the Pola Gymnasium in Pola.
The team began play during the 2019–20 season. The franchise also competed in NBL–Pilipinas as the Mindoro Tamaraws Disiplinados (stylized as Disipl-Ina-dos) during the 2021 Chairman's Cup. The Tamaraws are the lone team based in the Mimaropa region.
Currently, the Mindoro franchise is the oldest such in the MPBL that has yet to make a playoff appearance. They are also tied with the Biñan Tatak Gel for the longest playoff drought overall, having missed the playoffs in the last four seasons as of 2024.
The Mindoro Tamaraws joined the MPBL as an expansion team for the 2019–20 season, backed by 7A Sports and with Justin Tan as the team owner In the Tamaraws' inaugural season, the team finished 12th in the South with a 9-21 record. In April 2020, actress and Pola mayor Jennifer "Ina Alegre" Cruz became co-owner of the team.
In the 2021 MPBL Invitational, Mindoro was able to make the playoff tournament by placing second in Group D. The team would go on to lose to the eventual Invitational champion Basilan Jumbo Plastic in the quarterfinals. Despite the great performance, in the 2022 season, the Tams finished with the worst record in the league, only getting one win in 21 games.
Heading into the 2023 season, the team was renamed the Oriental Mindoro Disiplinados; it would be changed partially to Mindoro Disiplinados in June 2023. On July 4, 2023, the Disiplinados played its first-ever home game in the Sentrong Pangkabataan. Later in the month, the team joined the Junior MPBL with the Mindoro Junior Disiplinados, the team was previously the junior team of the Caloocan Batang Kankaloo.
In 2021, a second team dubbed as the Mindoro Tamaraws Disiplinados was formed for the NBL–Pilipinas which is meant to a more homegrown-oriented team as opposed to the MPBL team which is intended to be the "showcase team".
In October 2023, the Disiplinados were announced as one of the new teams for the Pilipinas Super League's 2023–24 President's Cup, where team would supposedly participate under the name RCP Pola Disiplinados–Shawarma Shack.
During the opening ceremonies, however, there was no mention of the Disiplinados. The team would move forward as the RCP–Shawarma Shack Demigods.
When mayor Cruz joined the team's ownership, it was also reported that a new arena was under construction in Calapan. The arena became known as the Sentrong Pangkabataan and opened its doors in 2023. In 2024, the Mindoro franchise moved to the Pola Gymnasium in Pola before going back to Calapan in 2025.