davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Kalwa, Thane

Kalwa (Pronunciation: [kəɭʋaː]) is a neighborhood in Thane city administered under Thane Municipal Corporation in Thane district, in the State of Maharashtra, India. The nearest railway station is the Kalwa railway station on the Central Line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway. Previously, Kalwa railway station had 2 platforms but now it has increased to 4.
On 29 July 2014, Kalwa, along with Mumbra, became first railway station in the country to provide free WiFi access for commuters and the general public.
The Rajiv Gandhi Medical College and the associated Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Hospital, which is run by the Thane Municipal Corporation, is located in Kalwa.
The 3rd Kalwa Bridge was inaugurated by Maharashtra Chief Minister Eknath Shinde on 13 November 2022. It is expected to ease the traffic at the Kalwa Road junction where Mumbai-Pune Road and Thane-Belapur Road meet. It has old Mumbai-Nashik highway in the West. Kalwa railway station also has a local train carshed.
Under the Umbrella Tree

Under the Umbrella Tree is a Canadian children's television series created by Noreen Young that originally aired on CBC from 1987 to 1993. It was produced by CBC and Noreen Young Productions, and later by The Disney Channel, which began airing it on May 7, 1990.
The series centers on a quartet of main characters who share a house on Spring Street in a suburb of Ottawa, Ontario. The characters include Holly (a human), Iggy (an iguana), Jacob (a blue jay), and Gloria (a gopher). The show's title is derived from the fact that the characters live together in a home featuring a prominent indoor umbrella tree.
When production of the show ended in 1993, syndication continued on The Disney Channel and Canal Famille until 1997. Twenty-seven episodes of the show were released to DVD by Cinerio Entertainment in partnership with Noreen Young in 2006, following a long wait for expiration of ownership rights. In 2019, Gloria, Iggy and Jacob were featured in episode 1 of Cavendish, in Andy and Mark's childhood bedroom. In 2020, the original cast (Holly Larocque, Noreen Young, Stephen Brathwaite and Bob Stutt) reunited to make a video called Under the Umbrella Tree: The Mask Special, which was uploaded to YouTube and Facebook.
A total of 285 episodes were produced over the years, with 270 being 15 minutes long and 15 being 30-minute specials. Every episode focuses on a different theme, such as sports, holidays, singing, dancing, exercise and various other activities. Valuable life lessons are often woven into every story, such as the importance of keeping promises, being considerate of others or assuming responsibility for one's actions. The show's characters were created by Ken Sobol, who also wrote the majority of the series episodes. Sobol had previously worked closely with Noreen Young on Readalong and Téléfrançais, two other children's television series.
In 1997, Under the Umbrella Tree reruns were placed on hiatus, after The Disney Channel stopped allowing the airing of the program and shelved the episodes. Since Disney owned all rights to the show, airing reruns on another television station was not possible until the rights expired in 2005. From 2009 to 2011, Under The Umbrella Tree aired on TV3 Medford weekdays and weekends as part of the network's children's block.
Starting in 2018 a number of episodes had been made available on the Canada Media Fund's YouTube channel Encore+ in both English and French. However, on December 1, 2022, Encore+ shut down its French- and English-language YouTube pages.
In 2006, Noreen Young Productions in unison with Cinerio Entertainment began selling several episodes on DVD. To date, eight volumes have been released, with Volumes 1, 2, 3 & 4 featuring all-new introductions to the episodes with Iggy, Gloria and Jacob, played by their original performers.
Figurative system of human knowledge

The "figurative system of human knowledge" (French: Système figuré des connaissances humaines), sometimes known as the tree of Diderot and d'Alembert, was a tree developed to represent the structure of knowledge itself, produced for the Encyclopédie by Jean le Rond d'Alembert and Denis Diderot.
The tree was a taxonomy of human knowledge, inspired by Francis Bacon's The Advancement of Learning. The three main branches of knowledge in the tree are: "Memory"/History, "Reason"/Philosophy, and "Imagination"/Poetry.
Notable is the fact that theology is ordered under philosophy. The historian Robert Darnton has argued that this categorization of religion as being subject to human reason, and not a source of knowledge in and of itself (revelation), was a significant factor in the controversy surrounding the work. "Knowledge of God" is only a few nodes away from divination and black magic.
Below is a version of the Tree rendered in English as a bulleted outline.
"Detailed System of Human Knowledge" from the Encyclopédie.
(Note: This next branch seems to belong to both the narrative and dramatic tree, as indicated by the line drawn connecting the two.)
List of Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance members

The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA), is a big tent electoral alliance and parliamentary group of political parties in India led by the Indian National Congress. It is a coalition of 40 political parties in India to take on the ruling National Democratic Alliance led by the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2024 Indian general election.
The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance comprises a diverse range of political parties from across India. The 40 member parties of the alliance are:
Hat Hut Records

Hathut Records is a Swiss record company and label founded by Werner Xavier Uehlinger in 1974 that specializes in jazz and classical music. The name of the label comes from the artwork of Klaus Baumgartner. Hathut encompasses the labels hat ART, hatOLOGY, and hat NOIR.
The label's first releases were by Joe McPhee. Its roster includes Ray Anderson, Anthony Braxton, Lisle Ellis, Georg Graewe, Gerry Hemingway, Franz Koglmann, Steve Lacy, Joelle Leandre, Myra Melford, Paul Plimley, Max Roach, Horace Tapscott, Cecil Taylor, Mike Westbrook, John Zorn, Vienna Art Orchestra, David Murray, Luzia von Wyl, Archie Shepp, Jimmy Lyons, Tony Coe, Michel Portal, and Sun Ra,
The label progressed through a range of series featuring distinct packaging styles, from the initial runs of initial 12 inch LP's with alphabetical and numerical catalog numbers with sleeve drawings and paintings by Klaus Baumgärtner, to elaborately packaged boxes with inserts and postcards, and then black and white photography on CD releases.
From 1985 until 2000 the label received funding from the Swiss Bank Corporation. Its catalogue was acquired by the Belgian music publisher Outhere Music in 2017.
Werner X. Uehlinger started the HatHut label in 1975 to release recordings by Joe McPhee and soon followed with albums by emerging avant-garde jazz musicians including Steve Lacy, David Murray, David S. Ware and Jimmy Lyons. The first releases on HatHut between 1975 and 1979 had alphabetic catalog numbers starting with A and ending with a triple LP Y/Z/Z making a total of twenty albums in the series.
From 1980 to 1981, following the last alphabetic catalog number, HatHut releases had a written numeric catalog number followed by a bracketed "RO" code where the first digit of the code indicated a single ("1RO"), double ("2RO") or triple ("3RO") LP. A total of 22 albums were released in this series.
From 1981 to 1983 Hathut released a series of seventeen albums on the hat MUSICS label.
From 1981 to 1987 Hathut released a total of fifty-one albums in the initial hat ART LP series, many of which were packaged in fold-open cardboard box like sleeves which sometimes included postcards, additional 45rpm EPs, 7" singles, or single sided albums.
Hathut began releasing compact discs on the hat ART label in 1988 with a 6000 series catalog numbers featuring new music and reissues of vinyl albums, sometimes with additional material. The series featured 201 releases and concluded in 1997 when the hatART label was replaced by two labels: hatOLOGY for jazz releases and hat(new)ART for classical music.
From 1997 hatOLOGY has been the main label for HatHut releases releasing new recordings and reissues, occasionally edited or expanded, of music from the early HatHut catalogue.
Bird on Money

Bird on Money is a 1981 painting created by American artist Jean-Michel Basquiat in 1981. It is a tribute to jazz musician Charlie Parker, who was nicknamed "Bird." The painting was acquired in 1981 and is housed in the Rubell Family Collection. In 2020, New York rock band the Strokes used the artwork as the cover for their studio album The New Abnormal.
Bird on Money was executed in 1981, the year in which he made the transition from a street artist to an established gallery artist. The painting is a tribute to jazz saxophonist Charlie Parker, a leading figure in the development of bebop. In 1985, Basquiat told The New York Times Magazine: "Since I was seventeen I thought I might be a star. I'd think about all my heroes, Charlie Parker, Jimi Hendrix… I had a romantic feeling about how these people became famous." Basquiat, like Parker, struggled with heroin addiction. He also paid homage to Parker in the paintings Charles the First (1982) and CPRKR (1982).
Jazz music was a common theme in Basquiat's art and he often painted to jazz music. Basquiat referenced jazz musicians and recordings in over thirty of his paintings, including Discography I (1983), Horn Players (1983), Arm and Hammer II (1984), and King Zulu (1986). Music journalist Tom Terrell wrote in the liner notes of the compilation album Basquiat Salutes Jazz (2005): "As Parker's bebop transcended jazz to influence musical and nonmusical pop culture worldwide, so did Basquiat's legacy impact on hip-hop and Euro-pop, Indie film and post-electric Miles jazz. Both men were absolute Zen masters of trans-cultural improvisation."
Bird on Money depicts a black and blue yardbird in reference to Parker's nickname. Parker acquired the nickname "Yardbird" early in his career, which was later shortened to "Bird." Awash in repeated symbols and arrows, the painting invokes death with the drawing of Brooklyn's Green-Wood Cemetery, where Basquiat would be laid to rest in 1988. Basquiat, whose mother was Puerto Rican, often incorporated Spanish words into his works such as "PARA MORIR" (in order to die) across from the drawing of Green-Wood Cemetery.
Bird on Money is also used as the cover of the album The New Abnormal by The Strokes.
Geometric Shapes Extended

Geometric Shapes Extended is a Unicode block containing Webdings/Wingdings symbols, mostly different weights of squares, crosses, and saltires, and different weights of variously spoked asterisks, stars, and various color squares and circles for emoji.
The Geometric Shapes Extended block contains thirteen emoji: U+1F7E0–U+1F7EB and U+1F7F0.
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Geometric Shapes Extended block:
Terra rossa (soil)

Terra rossa (Italian for 'red soil') is a well-drained, reddish, clayey to silty soil with neutral pH conditions and is typical of the Mediterranean region. The reddish color of terra rossa is the result of the preferential formation of hematite over goethite. This soil type typically occurs as a discontinuous layer that ranges from a few centimeters to several meters in thickness that covers limestone and dolomite bedrock in karst regions. The high internal drainage and neutral pH conditions of terra rossa are a result of the karstic nature of the underlying limestone and dolomite. Terra rossa is also found associated with Mediterranean climates and karst elsewhere in the world.
Compared to most clay rich soils, terra rossa has surprisingly good drainage characteristics. This makes it a popular soil type for wine production. Among other wine regions, it is found in La Mancha in Spain and the Coonawarra, Fleurieu, Wrattonbully and Barossa Valley growing areas in Australia.
The origin of terra rossa, its parent material, and its relationship to underlying limestones and dolomites has been greatly debated over recent decades by geologists, geomorphologists, and soil scientists. One group of scientists argue that terra rossa likely developed from dissolution of the underlying carbonate rocks and the concentration of insoluble sediment and chert within it as the parent material of terra rossa. Another group of scientists argues that terra rossa cannot have been formed exclusively from the insoluble residue of underlying limestone and dolomite. Instead they propose that terra rossa is polygenetic in origin and that, depending on their geographic location, their parent material, which has been altered by pedogenesis, contains exotic sediments from volcanic ash; non-limestone and non-dolomite; and aeolian sources. A final group of scientists argues that terra rossa was formed by metasomatic replacement processes.
In pedology, red Mediterranean soil, also known as terra rossa (Italian for "red soil") is a soil classification that has been formally superseded by the formal classifications of systems such as the FAO soil classification, but that is still in common use. The terra rossa classification was still, as of 1997, a part of the national soil classifications of countries such as Israel and Italy. The UNESCO/FAO World map equivalents are the chromic luvisols (a sub-order of the luvisols), and the USDA soil taxonomy equivalent is the rhodustalfs (a sub-order of the ustalfs).
The classification denotes red-coloured soils (sometimes called "red rendzinas") which develop in or on the karstic landscape of the limestones of the Miocene and earlier periods, as well as calcretes in regions where the modern Mediterranean climate is predominant. The most accelerated development of red Mediterranean soils occurred from the Miocene to the Late Pleistocene, due to the large amount of climate fluctuation in those periods.
Traditional Techniques

Traditional Techniques is a solo album by American musician Stephen Malkmus, the fourth album credited to Malkmus and the second to not feature his band the Jicks. It is the ninth project in Malkmus's career since Pavement disbanded, and the fourteenth album released in his career. It was released on March 6, 2020, by Matador Records and Domino Recording Company.
Malkmus conceived the idea for Traditional Techniques during the recording of Sparkle Hard. According to a press release, the concept gained traction and became a fully realized album in a matter of weeks. Recording of the album took place in Portland, Oregon, at Halfling Studio. The album was produced by Chris Funk of The Decemberists and features guitarist Matt Sweeney and musician Qais Essar.
Traditional Techniques received positive reviews from music critics. Many critics praised Malkmus' foray into folk music. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 80, based on eighteen reviews, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.
Writing for Loud and Quiet, Sam Walton gave the album a positive review, praising it as "an expertly written and performed exploration of muted psych-rock and various strands of folk music".
Robert Christgau gave the album a two-star honorable mention in his "Consumer Guide" column, highlighting the songs "Xian Man" and "Cash Up" while writing in summation: "It’s more than cool, as it had better be, that he’s matured from willfully acerbic to willingly pretty, but he’s too smart not to know in the heart he’s proud to have that while acerbic feeds on chaos, pretty is better off explaining itself".
Global Development Initiative

The Global Development Initiative (GDI), officially the Global Development Initiative — Building on 2030 SDGs for Stronger, Greener and Healthier Global Development, is a multilateral development initiative proposed by Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping in 2021.
The GDI was announced on 21 September 2021 by Xi Jinping during a video address to the general debate of the seventy-fifth session of the United Nations General Assembly.
In January 2022, China launched a group at the United Nations named "Friends of the Global Development Initiative". As of November 2023, the Xinhua News Agency reported GDI had around 100 members, while the UN group had around 70.
During the launching speech of the GDI, Xi outlined six core principles for the GDI:
Xi identified GDI as a way to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. The GDI covers areas, including ending poverty and hunger, ensuring everyone has access to affordable clean energy, reducing inequality and cutting pollution. It has also been named as a "twin engine" together with the Belt and Road Initiative.
The Left (Czech Republic)

The Left (Czech: Levice, Czech pronunciation: [ˈlɛvɪtsɛ]) is a democratic socialist political party in the Czech Republic. The party was founded in 2020 as the result of the merger of the Party of Democratic Socialism and The Real Left initiative.
The party is critical of the emphasis on economic growth in policy making, arguing that it "takes place regardless of human health, does not serve the development of education and cultural maturity of people, and disrupts the harmony between humans and nature." They state that their long-term political goals are "incompatible with maintaining a capitalist system based on profit maximization", which they seek to overcome using measures "that do not renounce the values of democracy, human rights and individual freedom".
The Nature and Destiny of Man

The Nature and Destiny of Man: A Christian Interpretation (two volumes, 1943) is one of the important works of the American theologian Reinhold Niebuhr. The book is partly based on his 1939 Gifford Lectures. In 1998, the Modern Library ranked it the 18th-greatest non-fiction book of the 20th century.
Reinhold Niebuhr deals with profound issues such as human nature, history, and the end of history. Niebuhr begins by arguing that the Christian view of human nature, compared with alternative views, is more complete and offers more explanatory power. According to the Christian view, human beings are made in the image of God. Unlike alternative views that establish a good and bad duality between mind and body, in the Christian view, both mind and body are good because both are created by God. People are made to live in harmony with others and God's will but violate this harmony when they inevitably make themselves the center and source of meaning for their lives.
Humans have tremendous creative and imaginative powers, and their minds can transcend both themselves (since they can make their own thoughts the object of contemplation) and the natural world (since they can manipulate natural forces to create new possibilities and vitalities of nature). Because people cannot find ultimate meaning in what they can transcend, they cannot find ultimate meaning within themselves or in the natural world. This is why people turn to religion.
Christianity is a religion of revelation, meaning that Christians believe that God must speak to people in order for them to arrive at a correct understanding of the divine nature and will. If the Bible is to be believed, God spoke to people throughout history but the divine message was not clearly understood. Because of human misunderstanding, and because God's law is so radically different from human law, Jesus' message was highly offensive to his listeners. What Jesus told people is that God overcomes evil not by destroying evildoers but by taking their evil upon himself. God's love is suffering love.
Retterstedet på Akershus festning

Retterstedet på Akershus festning ble brukt til henrettelser av nordmenn under andre verdenskrig. Det er satt opp et minnesmerke og en navneplate med 42 navn på retterstedet, like ved Norges Hjemmefrontmuseum på Akershus festning.
Henrettelsene fant sted ved tre tilfeller i 1945. De første var gisler som ble henrettet 9. februar etter motstandsbevegelsens likvidering av politigeneral og sjef for Statspolitiet, Karl Marthinsen. Tyve mennesker måtte bøte med livet denne dagen. Neste dag ble åtte til henrettet. Til sist ble fjorten personer henrettet den 17. mars.
Alle henrettelser ble utført ved skyting. Mange av henrettelsene den 9. og 10. februar ble utført av tjenestemenn fra det norske Statspolitiet.
Minnesmerket har teksten «De kjempet de falt de gav oss alt. På dette sted ble norske patrioter skutt under krigen 1940 1945». Navneplaten har teksten «Ved dette sted ble 42 nordmenn henrettet av den tyske okkupasjonsmakten». Dessverre er det en feil på navneplaten. Alf Berg ble skutt den 10. februar, ikke den 9. februar. Den omfatter følgende nordmenn:
Flere tyske soldater ble henrettet på festningen i løpet av krigen, trolig på samme sted. Det er ikke reist noe minnesmerke over dem. Det må antas at det dreier seg om en blanding av soldater som var dømt for kriminelle handlinger og desertører, muligens også tyskere som hadde utført motstandsarbeid.
Minst fire andre nordmenn ble også skutt her, uten å være omfattet av noe minnesmerke. I ett tilfelle dreier det seg om en politimorder og kriminell NS-medlem. I minst tre tilfeller dreier det seg om desertører fra Waffen-SS og den tyske krigsmarine.
Kari Elisabeth Børresen

Kari Elisabeth Børresen (født 16. oktober 1932 i Oslo, død 5. april 2016 samme sted) var en norsk teolog. Hun var professor i teologi ved Universitetet i Oslo og var kjent for sitt arbeid med religionsvitenskapelig kjønnsforskning.
Hun vokste opp på Besserud i Oslo, tok magistergrad i idéhistorie i 1960. I 1948 trådte hun inn hos St. Josephsøstrene i Chambéry, i Frankrike, hvor hun ble noen måneder som novise før hun forlot klosterlivet.
Hun ble dr.philos. i 1968 på avhandlingen «Subordination et Equivalence, Nature et rôle de la femme d'après Augustin et Thomas d'Aquin». Hun studerte også i Paris, Roma, Heidelberg og Oxford.
Fra 1961 til 1980 hadde hun ulike forskningsstipendier, blant gjennom Norges almenvitenskapelige forskningsråd og ved Universitetet i Århus. Fra 1977 til 1979 var hun som første kvinne gjesteprofessor i teologi ved jesuittenes Gregoriana-universitetet i Roma. Børresen ble statsstipendiat i 1982, og hun kombinerte 1993—2000 stipendiatet med en professor II-stilling ved Institutt for kulturstudier ved Universitetet i Oslo.
Børresen tilhørte Den romersk-katolske kirke, og hadde problemer med å få stillinger ved teologiske læresteder i Norge, på grunn av disses "bekjennelsesplikt" til den lutherske konfesjon. Hennes sak ble likevel en prøvesten som endret bestemmelsene, og i hennes to siste yrkesaktive år, 2000–2002, var hun professor ved Teologisk fakultet ved Universitetet i Oslo. Som pensjonist var hun fremdeles tilknyttet universitetet.
Hun ble utnevnt til teologisk æresdoktor ved Universitetet i Uppsala i 1992 og ved Islands universitet i 2011. Fra 1995 var hun medlem av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi. Hun deltok i en rekke internasjonale forskningsnettverk og -programmer, og har vært gjesteforeleser ved flere universitet i Europa og USA.
Hun mottok Norsk kvinnelig teologforenings ærespris i 2003.
AES Hawaii kullkraftverk

AES Hawaii kullkraftverk er et varmekraftverk i Oahu County på Oahu i delstaten Hawaii i USA. Det har en installert produksjonskapasitet på 180 MW fordelt på tre blokker. Brenselkilden er bildekk og årlig 650 000 tonn kull importert fra Indonesia. Eier er energiselskapet AES.
Craig Hammeck

Craig Hammack er en amerikansk effektdesigner kjent for arbeidet med effektselskapet Industrial Light & Magic (ILM). Hammack har arbeidet med spesialeffektene i Titanic (1997), Pearl Harbor (2001), Star Wars Episode III: Sithene tar hevn (2005), Indiana Jones og krystallhodeskallens rike (2008), Star Trek (2009), Red Tails (2012), Tomorrowland (2015), Deepwater Horizon (2016) og Black Panther (2017).
Han fikk god kritikk for arbeidet i Deepwater Horizon og ble nominert til Oscar for beste visuelle effekter under den 89. Oscar-utdelingen.
Aichi Tokei Denki Kabushiki Kaisha

Aichi Tokei Denki Kabushiki Kaisha ble etablert i 1899, men begynte først å produsere fly i 1920 og flymotorer fra 1927. Leverte først og fremst kampfly til den japanske marine, men produserte også noen sivile fly. Hadde en teknisk samarbeidsavtale med Junkers i Tyskland som i stor grad infuerte utviklingen av stupbombeflyene D1A og D3A.
De mest kjente flytypene inkluderer Aichi D3A, brukt under angrepet på Pearl Harbor, og Aichi B3A.
Einar Sneve Martinussen

Einar Sneve Martinussen (født 1982) er en norsk designer og forsker som er førsteamanuensis i interaksjonsdesign ved Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo (AHO). Han arbeider med kultur, samfunn og teknologi.
Martinussen er utdannet interaksjonsdesigner ved AHO og har dessuten bakgrunn fra arkitektur og urbanisme, musikk og teknologi.
Hans arbeid inkluderer visualiseringer av teknologi, filmer, oppfinnelser, interaktive produkter og utstillinger. Martinussen foreleser om design, teknologi, hverdagsliv og medier på konferanser og institusjoner som Goldsmiths University, Interaction Design Association (IxDA), School of Visual Arts, Playful, TEI og Aalto Universitetet.
Martinussen har stilt ut prosjekter på flere visningssteder utenfor Norge, blant annet på utstillingen «Immaterials» på Brighton Digital Festival 2013, MoMAs «Talk to Me» i New York City, «Invisible Fields» på Laboral i Spania og «DREAD» på De Hallen Haarlem i Amsterdam.
Kunming

Kunming (kinesisk: 昆明; pinyin: Kūnmíng) er en by på prefekturnivå som er hovedstad i provinsen Yunnan i det sørlige Kina. Befolkningen innen bygrensene anslås (2004) til 968 000, men hele prefekturet har 3,89 millioner innbyggere.
Byprefekturet Kunming har jurisdiksjon over 5 distrikter (区 qū), ett byfylke (市 shì), 5 fylker (县 xiàn) og 3 autonome fylker (自治县 zìzhìxiàn).
Kunmings hovedflyplass heter Kunming Changshui internasjonale lufthavn.
Kunming er et viktig trafikknutepunkt for jernbanenettet. Chengdu-Kunming-jernbanen løper fra Chengdu i Sichuan til Kunming., Shanghai-Kunmingjernbanen innløper fra Guizhou, og Nanning-Kunming-jernbanen fra Guangxi. Så er det Yunnan-Vietnam-jernbanen fom fører sørøstover til Hekou og Lao Cai på grensen mot Vietnam og derfra videre til Hanoi. Kunming-Yuxi-jernbanen fører sørover til Yuxi, hvorfra en annen jernbanestrekning til Vietnam er planlagt bygd. Vestover forgrener Guangtong-Dali-jernbanen seg fra Chengdu-Kunming-linjen til Dali (Xiaguan).
Kunming har to jernbanestasjoner:
Kinas riksvei 108 har sitt endepunkt i Kunming. Riksveien begynner i Beijing og fører via Taiyuan, Xi'an og Chengdu.
Kinas riksvei 213 løper gjennom området. Den begynner i Lanzhou i Gansu og fører via Chengdu og Kunming til byen Mohan ved grenseovergangen til Laos.
Kinas riksvei 320 går gjennom området. Den begynner i Shanghai og løper sørvestover til grensen mellom provinsen Yunnan og Burma. Underveis er den innom blant annet Hangzhou, Nanchang, Guiyang, Kunming og Dali.
Kinas riksvei 324 ender her. Den går fra Fuzhou i provinsen Fujian og gjennom Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou og ender i Kunming.
Makroøkonomi

Makroøkonomi er læren som omhandler nasjonale og internasjonale økonomiske sammenhenger. Mens mikroøkonomi går inn på de enkelte aktørenes, for eksempel husholdninger og bedrifters, beslutninger i det økonomiske systemet, handler makroøkonomi om summen av disse enkeltaktørenes valg.
Temaer og fenomener som tilhører makroøkonomien er økonomisk vekst, fordeling, arbeidsledighet, forsikring, risikodeling og internasjonal handel. Makroøkonomisk politikk er en samlebetegnelse på politikkområder som griper sterkt inn på de makroøkonomiske sammenhenger.
I Norge har makroøkonomi vært et svært aktivt fagområde med stor oppmerksomhet innenfor politikken. Den faglige aktiviteten er blant annet grunnlag for de årlige nasjonalbudsjettene.
Tre norske økonomer, Trygve Haavelmo, Finn E. Kydland og Ragnar Frisch, har blitt tildelt Sveriges Riksbanks pris i økonomisk vitenskap til minne om Alfred Nobel. Sistnevnte etablerte selve begrepet «makroøkonomi» i sin tid.
Det skilles vanligvis mellom to retninger i økonomi: Keynesiansk økonomi, som fokuserer på etterspørsel; og tilbudsside (eller nyklassisk) økonomi, som fokuserer på tilbud. Ingen av retningene står i motsetning til den andre, men de fleste skoler legger vekt på den ene eller den andre som et teoretisk grunnlag.
City of Leeds

City of Leeds er en enhetlig myndighet og by i West Yorkshire, England. Området strekker seg fra Otley ved grensen til North Yorkshire til distriktet Wakefield i sør, og fra Pudsey i vest til Garforth og Wetherby i øst. Det har navn etter den største byen, Leeds, som også er administrasjonssenter. Distriktet omfatter flere små byer og landsbyer på landsbygda, som har lite til felles med byen Leeds.
City of Leeds har en rekke vennskapsbyer:
I tillegg har byen «sterke kontakter» med følgende byer «for pågående prosjekter»:
(en) City of Leeds hos Wikivoyage
Hetebølge

En hetebølge er en lengre periode med særdeles varmt vær, ofte i sammenheng med høy luftfuktighet. Det er ingen universelle definisjoner på en hetebølge, og definisjonene varierer fra område til område. Temperaturer som folk fra varmere klimasoner regner som normale, kan kalles en hetebølge i et normalt kjøligere område. Uttrykket blir brukt både om vanlige værvariasjoner, og om helt spesielle varmeperioder som kanskje bare skjer en gang hvert hundre år. Alvorlige hetebølger har ført til katastrofal avlingssvikt, tusenvis har omkommet av hypertermi, og store områder har fått strømbrudd på grunn av økt bruk av luftkondisjonering. Enkelte mener at noen av hetebølgene oppstår som følge av global oppvarming.
Hetebølger oppstår ofte i hundedagene om sommeren. Det franske ordet for hetebølge er til og med canicule, som kommer fra det italienske ordet canicula, som betyr «liten tispe». Enkelte områder på Jorden har oftere hetebølger enn andre, slik som områder med middelhavsklima.
Alvorlige hetebølger kan føre til hypertermi, også kjent som heteslag. Eldre, små barn, syke og overvektige har høyere risiko for å ta skade av varme. I mange områder er hetebølger kanskje det mest dødelige værfenomenet. Mellom 1992 og 2001 omkom det 2190 personer i USA av heteslag, sammenliknet med 880 av flom og 150 av orkaner. Et offentlig tiltak i hetebølger er å opprette spesielle offentlige bygninger som er luftkondisjonert.
Av og til har man observert at de normale dødstallene i et område etter en hetebølge har gått ned, og en grunn til det kan være at personer som er så syke at «klokka slår på ellevte time» stryker med i hetebølgen. Siden de svakeste er de mest utsatte i en hetebølge, er det naturlig å tenke at det fører til færre dødsfall i tiden etterpå.
Hetebølger fører som regel til økt bruk av luftkondisjonering der dette er vanlig, og dette medfører økt strømforbruk. Det kan av og til føre til alvorlige strømbrudd, som skaper en enda mer alvorlig situasjon og økt varme innendørs.
Dersom hetebølgen oppstår i en tørkeperiode, som tørker ut vegetasjonen, kan dette føre til økt skogbrannfare. Under den alvorlige hetebølgen i Europa i 2003, ble Portugal rammet av skogbranner som ødela 3010 km² skog og 440 km² jordbruksland, og gjore skader for omtrent 1 milliard euro.
Simen Eriksrud

Simen Matre Eriksrud (født 12. november 1975 i Oslo) er en norsk låtskriver og produsent. Han er kjent som produsent for flere norske artister og som medlem av produsent- og artistduoen Seeb, der han jobber sammen med Espen Berg.
Han har vært låtskriver og produsent for drammensbandet Donkeyboy. Han var i 2010 med i Melodi Grand Prix med låta «Yes Man», som ble sunget av Bjørn Johan Muri. Han har også produsert Ovis «Playing with fire» og Maria Haukaas Storeng på «Hold On Be Strong». Han fikk Musikkforleggerprisen 2019 i kategorien årets mest spilte låt sammen med Espen Berg og Joakim Haukaas for «Drink About» som ble gitt av Seeb og Dagny. Han ble også nominert til Musikkforleggerprisen 2021 i klassen årets verk - populærmusikk med Berg, Haukaas, Halvor Folstad, Dag Holtan-Hartwig og Alexander Pavelich for låten «Kiss Somebody», utgitt av Julie Bergan og Seeb.
Han er gift med Simone Eriksrud (tidligere Larsen), som er vokalist i D'Sound.
CARIFTA Games 2015

CARIFTA Games 2015 (XLIV CARIFTA Games) ble arrangert fra 3. til 6. april 2015, i Basseterre på Saint Kitts og Nevis. Arrangør var St. Kitts and Nevis Amateur Athletic Association. Dette var andre gang Saint Kitts og Nevis arrangerte disse lekene.
Under lekene fikk stadion offisielt endret navn til Kim Collins National Athletic Stadium, til ære for landets verdensmester på 100 meter fra 2003, Kim Collins.
Austin Sealy Award deles ut i hvert mesterskap, til en utøver som utmerker seg resultatmessig. Mary Fraser fra Barbados vant denne utmerkelsen i 2015, hun vant tre gullmedaljer; 800 meter og 1500 meter i U18-klassen, og 3000 meter i åpen klasse (junior og ungdom).
: Åpen for både junior og ungdom.
: Åpen for både junior og ungdom.
: Resultatlistene lister opp både Enzo Hodebar og Aaron Worrell på 3.-plass, men Hodebar greide 2,00 meter på første forsøk, og Worrell på tredje forsøk, derfor skal ikke Worrell stå med bronsemedalje. Dette bekreftes også av avisen Nation News' rapport fra konkurransen. : Både Bahamas' og Jamaicas U18-lag på 4x400 meter ble diskvalifisert, men etter protester ble diskvalifikasjonen strøket.
Vertnasjon
Ifølge uoffisielle tall deltok 499 utøvere fra 25 land. Stafettlag er ikke helt kjent.
Curling Legs

Curling Legs Productions A/S (etablert 1992 i Oslo) er en norsk bedrift som produserer musikkutgivelser (LP, CD, DVD). I 1993 overtok de rettighetene til plateselskapet til Norsk jazzforbund, Odin Records, og fortsetter målsettingen om å publisere norsk jazz. Det eies av Knut Værnes, Morten Halle og Helge Westbye. Musikken distribueres gjennom bedriften Musikkoperatørene. Bedriften er med i FONO.
Gunhild Stordalen

Gunhild Anker Stordalen (født Melhus; 15. januar 1979) er en norsk lege og miljøvernforkjemper. Hun er engasjert i klimaendringsspørsmål, helse og dyrevelferd. Hun var gift med Petter Stordalen fra 2010 til 2019. Sammen grunnla de The Stordalen Foundation i 2011.
Ved siden av stillingen som grunnlegger og president i EAT Foundation sitter hun også i styret i flere andre organisasjoner som GreeNudge og Nordic Choice Hotels Group. I oktober 2014 ble hun rammet av sykdommen systemisk sklerose.
Gunhild hevder selv hun vokste opp i et antimaterialistisk og pasifistisk hjem og hun ble, allerede i ung alder, svært opptatt av miljøspørsmål.
Hun er cand.med. fra Universitetet i Oslo i 2007. I studietiden arbeidet Gunhild med seksual- og samlivsundervisning for ungdom gjennom Medisinernes Seksualopplysning i tillegg til at hun bisto som ekspertkommentator i NRK P3s program Juntafil. Stordalen arbeidet også som modell i studietiden.
I 2010 forsvarte hun sin doktoravhandling innen patologi og ortopedi Molecular Studies on Bone With Focus on Fracture Healing in Experimental Osteoporosis. Hennes faglige forfatterskap omfatter pr. 2013 fem artikler.
The Stordalen Foundation støtter organisasjoner som jobber innenfor helse, utvikling, dyrevelferd og beskyttelse av miljøet; gjennom fire hovedområder:
I 2013 grunnla Stordalen EAT Initiative med ideen om å transformere det globale systemet for matproduksjon for å sikre den voksende befolkningen tilgang til sunn, næringsrik mat produsert på en bærekraftig måte.
I mars 2016 grunnla hun sammen med Wellcome Trust, Stordalen Foundation og Stockholm Resilience Center organisasjonen EAT Foundation.
I 2012 ble Gunhild kåret til den yngste kvinnen på Kapitals årlige liste over de 100 mest innflytelsesrike kvinnene i Norge. Hun fikk Fredrikkeprisen, Norske Kvinners Sanitetsforenings hederspris, i 2016.
I tillegg til å være grunnlegger og president i EAT Foundation, er hun også grunnlegger og styreleder i den miljøorienterte organisasjonen GreeNudge. Gunhild sitter i flere styrer, blant annet i Nordic Choice Hotels Group, Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN), Movement Lead Group, World Economic Forum's Global Future Council, ECOHZ Renewable Energy Foundation, BT Group's Committee for Sustainable and Responsible Business, klimainitiativet DrawDown og det internasjonale styret for Stockholm Resilience Center.
Martin Skancke

Martin Skancke (født 10. april 1966) er en norsk siviløkonom. Han var ekspedisjonssjef i Finansdepartementets Avdeling for formuesforvaltning fra 2006-2012 og er pr. 2023 selvstendig konsulent.
Skancke gjennomførte Forsvarets russiskkurs, er siviløkonom fra Norges Handelshøyskole og har tilleggsutdannelse fra London School of Economics. Skancke har dessuten blant annet russisk mellomfag.
Skancke hadde tidligere vært ekspedisjonssjef ved Statsministerens kontor (2002–2006), bedriftsrådgiver i McKinsey (2001–2002) og konsulent og avdelingsdirektør i Finansdepartementet (1990–2001). Han var ekspedisjonssjef i Finansdepartementets Avdeling for formuesforvaltning fra 2006-2012.
Han ledet Klimarisikoutvalget som la frem sin innstilling i desember 2018. Martin Skancke ledet også Klimautvalget 2050, som la frem sin innstilling i oktober 2023.
Orsk

Orsk (russisk: Орск) er en by i Orenburg oblast i Russland. Den ligger ved elva Ural, helt sør i Uralfjellene. Innbyggertall: 250 963 (folketelling 2002). Orsk er den nest største byen i Orenburg oblast.
Orsk ble grunnlagt under den russiske koloniseringen av Sør-Ural. Den første bosetningen ble grunnlagt av en ekspedisjon ledet av Ivan Kirillov, som en militær befestning ved Preobrazjenskajafjellet på venstre bredd av elva Jaik (som idag heter Ural). festningen Orsk, som opprinnelig ble kalt Orenburg, ga elva Ural betydningen som grenselinje for den russiske staten. I 1739 ble festningens navn offisielt endret til Orsk.
I 1861 ble festningen nedlagt og ble en stasjon under Orenburg-kosakkenes arme. I 1865 fikk Orsk bystatus og ble sentrum for Orenburg-regionen.
Byen vokste dramatisk fra og med 1870-tallet. Befolkningen var hovedsakelig sysselsatt innen handel med kveg og korn, videreforedling av jordbruksprodukter, og forskjellige kunstformer og håndverk. Mange kvinner var involvert i veving av de berømte Orenburgsjalene. Innen 1913 var Orsks befolkning på over 21 000. Under den russiske borgerkrigen, fra 1918 til 1919, motsto Orsk en tre måneder lang blokade og havnet fire ganger på forskjellig side under kamphandlingene.
På 1930-tallet begynte byggingen av store industrielle virksomheter som utnyttet de rike mineralforekomstene i regionen.
Orsk er det viktigste industrielle senteret i Orenburg oblast. De viktigste industriene er metallurgi, maskinbygging, oljeforedling, næringsmiddel- og lettindustri. De viktigste virksomhetene er Juzjuralnikel, Orsknefteorgsintez og Juzjuralmasjzavod.
Drøbak Sound

The Drøbak Sound (Norwegian: Drøbaksundet) is a sound at the Oslofjord narrows between Drøbak and Hurum. "Outer Oslofjord" is a term for the fjord south of the Drøbak Sound until it meets the Skagerrak. "Inner Oslofjord" is a term for the rest of the fjord, starting at the Drøbak Sound and extending northwards towards Oslo, where the fjord turns southwards and continues as the Bunne Fjord.
The Drøbak Sound was historically guarded by the Oscarsborg Fortress. During the German invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940, the German cruiser Blücher was sunk by the fortress. Oscarsborg Fortress has been converted into a museum and hotel, and there is a ferry to the fortress from Drøbak.
The subsea Oslofjord Tunnel at the Norwegian National Road 23 runs underneath the sound and connects the east and west sides of the fjord.
59°40′30″N 10°36′56″E﻿ / ﻿59.67500°N 10.61556°E﻿ / 59.67500; 10.61556
Norwegian-American Historical Association

Norwegian American Historical Association is a non-profit, member-supported organization dedicated to locating, collecting, preserving and interpreting the Norwegian-American experience. It publishes scholarly books and maintains a historical archive, documenting research and interpretations of the American experience of immigrants from Norway.
The first meeting of the Norwegian American Historical Association took place on October 6, 1925, in Northfield, Minnesota. By February 4, 1926, the Norwegian American Historical Association was incorporated by the State of Minnesota. Since its founding, the independent non-profit organization has been located on the campus of St. Olaf College, in Northfield, Minnesota. Both institutions are independent entities.
The first executive board consisted of:
Theodore C. Blegen served as managing editor for publications from 1925 until his retirement in 1960. His devotion to high standards of historical scholarship enabled the Norwegian American Historical Association to achieve a reputation as a learned society. Later editors have included Kenneth O. Bjork from 1960 until 1980 and Odd S. Lovoll from 1980 until 2001.
The association promotes Norwegian-American historical research and literary work; and helps maintain and develop archives of Norwegian-American historical material. Its Norwegian-American Studies (formerly Studies and Records) publications are available online. The current editor of NAHA's publications is Anna Peterson. The association has enjoyed success and gained the recognition and respect of an international scholarly community.
In fulfillment of its purpose, the association has published nearly one hundred books of scholarly merit; promoted Norwegian-American historical research and literary work and preserved of materials of historical significance.
Ole E. Rolvaag, the author of Giants in the Earth, became the association's first secretary and archivist. Rølvaag initiated the collection of archives including letters, papers, books, periodicals, photographs, diaries and newspapers related to Norwegian-American life.
Fort Christian

Fort Christian is a Dano-Norwegian-built fort in Charlotte Amalie, Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Built 1672-1680, early in the first successful colonial establishment on the island, the fort served as a critical point of defense and government during the entire period of Dano-Norwegian, and later Danish, administration, which ended in 1917 with the sale of the islands to the United States. It currently holds the St. Thomas Museum, which holds artifacts and art of the Dano-Norwegian period. It was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1977.
The fort property was the Charlotte Amalie National Historic Site, also known as St. Thomas National Historic Site, which was a U.S. National Historic Site from December 24, 1960 until February 5, 1975, when it was disbanded and ownership was transferred to Virgin Islands, to be administered as a territorial park. It is a contributing property in the Charlotte Amalie Historic District.
Fort Christian is located in central Charlotte Amalie, now separated from its harbor by Veterans Drive. The historical significance of its placement is obscured by the fact that it is now surrounded on its eastern and western flanks by made land; it originally occupied a narrow peninsula that jutted south into the harbor. The fort was a basically square structure with stone curtain walls and diamond-shaped stone bastions at the corners. The north, east, and west sides at one time were further augmented by ravelins, and there was originally a circular stone tower in the center of the fort. Of these structures, only three of the curtain walls and the four bastions remain, along with some living quarters built along the surviving curtain walls. The central tower was torn down in the 19th century, replaced by the present Gothic Revival structure.
The first attempt by the Dano-Norwegians to settle Saint Thomas took place in 1665, and failed in part because the colonists were caught between the actors of the Second Anglo-Dutch War, who raided them for supplies. Governor Jørgen Iversen Dyppel led the second expeditionary force from Denmark-Norway to St. Thomas, where he arrived on 25 May 1672; there, he initiated construction of Fort Christian, named after King Christian V. In the 18th century, the fort was expanded and in 1874 a new entrance with a Victorian Clock tower was added. As the oldest standing structure in the U.S. Virgin Islands, this fort has served as a town center, a government building, and a jail.
After being closed for a decade for renovations, the fort reopened in 2017 for the Transfer Day centennial.
Staverns Fortress

Staverns Fortress was a military facility located on the island of Citadelløya at Stavern in Vestfold, Norway.
The construction of Staverns Fort began in 1677 when Ulrik Frederick Gyldenløve built a blockhouse with battery and palisades on a hill as part of the overall development of Norwegian fortresses. The fort was first built on Karlsøy during the Gyldenløve War (1675–1679). Fredriksvern and Fredriksvern Verft was established as the headquarters for the Norwegian Fleet from 1750 until 1758 so that the older fortification became part of the naval base and called the Citadellet and the island Citadelløya.
The fortress was expanded in 1687 until 1689 to include three canon batteries and a blockhouse. The fortress served as an important base for Norwegian naval hero Tordenskiold and his fleet during the Great Northern War’s final Norwegian phase from 1709 until 1720 and as a central staging point for sea commerce from Denmark in this period. The fort was the home port for the Danish–Norwegian Kattegat squadron. And not least, it served as a major chandelling and forwarding center for canon from the Norwegian ironworks and other equipment.
In the 1800s, Fredriksvern lost its importance as a military base. The Citadellet also lost its military importance and went into decline. In the 1900s, the buildings were restored. Krutttårnet, the oldest constructed building, has a distinctive architecture and today is a well known tourist attraction.
58°59′45″N 10°02′58″E﻿ / ﻿58.99583°N 10.04944°E﻿ / 58.99583; 10.04944
Oslo Police District

Oslo Police District (Norwegian: Oslo politidistrikt) is the largest police district in Norway. The Police District of Asker og Bærum and Oslo Police District are from January 1, 2016 merged into one, and kept the name Oslo Police District. The police district comprises three municipalities, Oslo, Asker and Bærum. It has a total population of around 800,000 people. Oslo Police District has seven police stations in charge of policing duties, including assignments in terms of order, prevention and investigation purposes in the surrounding areas.
The Police Authority also has special sections for the investigation of serious crime. The investigation led formally by police lawyers, belonging to prosecutors.
Serious drug cases and robbery cases are investigated by the Section for organized crime, homicide cases and cases involving sexual crimes investigated by the Division of Violence and sexual crimes, while serious forms of economic crime investigation by the Financial and Environmental Crime Section. Traffic and sea buffet includes Trafikkorpset and Harbor Police and a specialist on criminal offenses related to the capital's traffic by land and sea. The Police is headquartered at Grønlandsleiret 44 at Grønland in Oslo.
Western unit
Unit of central Oslo
Eastern unit
Emergency telephone number is ☎ 112, non emergency calls at ☎ 02800 or ☎ (+47)22 66 90 50.
Oslo Police disposal units that move on land (mounted police in addition to patrols on foot, by car and motorcycle), sea (Harbor Police) and by air (helicopter).