davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
List of the longest English words with one syllable

This is a list of candidates for the longest English word of one syllable, i.e. monosyllables with the most letters. A list of 9,123 English monosyllables published in 1957 includes three ten-letter words: scraunched, scroonched, and squirreled. Guinness World Records lists scraunched and strengthed. Other sources include words as long or longer. Some candidates are questionable on grounds of spelling, pronunciation, or status as obsolete, nonstandard, proper noun, loanword, or nonce word. Thus, the definition of longest English word with one syllable is somewhat subjective, and there is no single unambiguously correct answer.
Some nine-letter proper names remain monosyllabic when adding a tenth letter and apostrophe to form the possessive:
In his short story, "Strychnine in the Soup", P. G. Wodehouse had a character whose surname was "Mapledurham", pronounced "Mum". This is eleven letters, while "Mapledurham's" is twelve.
It is productive in English to convert a (proper) noun into an eponymous verb or adjective:
In a 1970 article in Word Ways, Ralph G. Beaman converts past participles ending -ed into nouns, allowing regular plurals with -s. He lists five verbs in Webster's Third International generating 10-letter monosyllables scratcheds, screecheds, scroungeds, squelcheds, stretcheds; from the verb strength in Webster's Second International, he forms the 11-letter strengtheds.
The past tense ending -ed and the archaic second person singular ending -st can be combined into -edst; for example "In the day when I cried thou answeredst me, and strengthenedst me with strength in my soul" (Psalm 138:3). While this ending is usually pronounced as a separate syllable from the verb stem, it may be abbreviated -'dst to indicate elision. Attested examples include scratch'dst and stretch'dst, each of which has one syllable spelled with ten letters plus apostrophe.
Hangul Syllables

Hangul Syllables is a Unicode block containing precomposed Hangul syllable blocks for modern Korean. The syllables can be directly mapped by algorithm to sequences of two or three characters in the Hangul Jamo Unicode block:
This block is encoded according to the canonically equivalent order of these (two or three) jamos (one in each subrange of jamos above) composing each syllable.
Note that a full Hangul syllable may include one of these characters but may be preceded by one or more leading consonant jamos, and followed by one or more trailing jamos (possibly preceded by one or more vowel jamos if the encoded syllable is composed by two jamos does not include any trailing consonant jamos). As well some Hangul syllables may not include any one of these precomposed character. But such extension of the Hangul script (which allows creating more complex syllables composed in the same square) is not very common in modern Korean.
Encoding hangul syllables in Unicode was complicated by a reorganization of the code points:
RFC 2279 explains that this significant incompatible change was made on the assumption that no data or software using Unicode for Korean existed:
Subsequently, Unicode adopted an encoding stability policy which states that "Once a character is encoded, it will not be moved or removed".
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Hangul Syllables block:
Дархадын цагаан загас

Дархадын цагаан загас нь Монголын нутагт амьдардаг нэгэн зүйл загас. Монголчууд хүнсэндээ өргөн дэлгэр хэрэглэх дуртай, цэнгэг усны тус загас нь хажуу хэвлий хэсгээр мөнгөлөг цагаан харагдах тул эртнээс Дархадын цагаан загас гэж нэрлэдэг болсон юм.
Монгол орны өндөр уулын хүйтэн устай гол, нуурын усанд зохицсон цагаан загасны дөрвөн зүйл бий.
Толгой том, өргөн бөгөөд дух өндөр. Нуруу ногоон саарал туяатай, хажуу хэвлий мөнгөлөг цагаан.
Дархадын цагаан загасны биеийн урт 69 см, жин 5 кг хүрэх бөгөөд дунджаар 13 жил насалдаг. Байгаль дээр хамгийн удаан амьдарсан нь 45 жил насалсан байдаг.
Дархадын хотгорын нуурын 3-14 метрийн гүнд амьдрах бөгөөд 6 дугаар сард ээвэр дулаан газраар тархан, залуу загас нуурын зах ирмэгээр, нас бие гүйцсэн нь нуурын гүн хэсгээр идэш тэжээлээ хайдаг.
Дархадын цагаан загас нь 4-5 дахь жилээсээ үржилд орох чадвартай болдог. Хөвөгч ба усны ёроолын амьтдаар хооллодог. Хоёр бүл сүрэг байх бөгөөд амьдралын орчноос шалтгаалаад амьдрах хэв маяг харилцан адилгүй.
Нэг бүл (нуурын бүл) нь амьдралынхаа ихэнхийг уугуул нууртаа өнгөрүүлж, үржлийнхээ үед гол өгсөж, ус нь целсийн 15 хэм орчим таатай болсон үед, тохиромжтой газарт жилийн 8 дугаар сарын эхний хагасаас 9 дүгээр сарын сүүл үе хүртэл түрсээ шахна.
Хоёр дахь бүл (голын бүл) нь Доод Шишгэд, Тэнгис голоор тархсан голын цагаан загас юм. Энэ бүл үржихдээ эх нууртаа ирж 10 дугаар сарын эхээс сүүл үе хүртэл түрсээ шахдаг.
Дархадын цагаан загасны махны 19 хувийг уураг, 28 хувийг өөх тос, 5 хувийг эрдэс бодис эзэлдэг. Нутгийн хүмүүс цагаан загасны махыг биеийн ядаргааг тайлах, хаван буулгах зэрэгт дээр үеэс эмчилгээний журмаар ашиглаж байжээ.
Монгол орны загас

Манай оронд 11 овгийн 36 төрөл, 76 зүйл загас бий. Тэдгээрийн 5 нь шинжлэх ухаанд шинээр бүртгэх шаардлагатай бөгөөд одоогоор нэрлээгүй байгаа, нэмэлт 5 төрөл нь Монголын нутагт бүртгэлэй боловч дахин олдоогүй учир бүртгэлээс хасах хэрэгтэй, мөн түүнчлэн гучаад нь агнуурын загас юм. Хойд мөсөн далай, Номхон далайн болон Төв Азийн гадагш урсгалгүй гол, нуурын ай саваар тархжээ.
Хойд мөсөн далайн ай савд багтдаг Дархадын хотгор, Булган гол, Сэлэнгэ мөрний сав, Хөвсгөл, Тэрхийн цагаан нуур, Өгий нуур зэрэг томоохон нуурт 22 зүйлийн загас байдгаас Дархадын цагаан, Дэлгэр мөрний цагаан, Хөвсгөлийн омуль, Сибирь хилэм, тул, зэвэг хоёр зүйл хадран, алгана, ердийн цурхай, мөнгөлөг хэлтэг, булуу цагаан, гутаарь, улаан нүдэн, бух сугас элбэг.
Номхон далайн ай савын Хэрлэн, Онон, Улз, Халх гол, Буйр, Хөх нуурт 43 зүйл загас байдаг нь мэдэгдээд байгаагийн дотор улаан далбаа, улаан живэр, Хар мөрний цурхай, Хар мөрний сугас, цагаан амар, морин загас, өлгөр цагаан, давх, Хар мөрний цулбуурт, Амарын хилэм, тул, зэвэг, Ононгийн цагаан хадар, Хар мөрний хадран, гутаарь голлоно.
Төв Азийн гадагш урсгалгүй гол мөрний ай савд багтдаг Хар, Хар-Ус, Дөргөн, Айраг, Хяргас, говийн хөндийн Орог, Бөөн цагаан, Улаан нуур, Таацын цагаан, Адгийн цагаан, Хотон, Хоргон, Даян, Толбо, Ачит, Хонгор-Өлөн, Үүрэг, Увс болон Хангайн нурууны нуурархаг тэгш өндөрлөгийн Хүнгүйн Хар, Тэлмэн, Сангийн далай, Хөх нуур зэрэгт монгол хадран, алтайн сугас загасны гурван зүйл, могой эрээлжийн хоёр зүйл, нүцгэн жараа, бүгд долоон зүйл загас оршдгоос гурван зүйл нь агнуурын ач холбогдолтой юм. Тус ай савын загас бол өөр нутагт байдаггүй, манай орны унаган загас билээ.
Манай орны давстай, давсгүй нуур болгон загастай, тэдгээрт хүнд хортой идэж болдоггүй загас бараг үгүй юм. Судлаачдын олж илрүүлсэн ан агнуурын багаж хэрэгсэл, хөшөө дурсгал, хүн ардын хэрэглэж байсан эд агуурс дахь хээ угалз тэргүүтэн нь монголчуудын ахуй амьдрал загас агнууртай эртнээс холбоотой байсныг гэрчилдэг байна.
XVIII—XIX зууны үед монголчууд нэлээд хэдэн гол мөрөн, нуурын загасыг агнаж байжээ. БНМАУ-н үед загас агнуурын гурван үйлдвэр байсан.
Дархадын цагаан нуурын загас агнуурын үйлдвэр. Шишгэдийн сав газрын Дархадын хотгорын олон нуураас XIX зууны 70-аад оноос эхлэн загас агнаж байсан тухай оросын нэрт эрдэмтэн П. Н. По-танин өдрийн тэмдэглэлдээ бичсэн байдаг.
Дархадын хотгорын загасыг 1943 оноос эхлэн үйлдвэрийн аргаар ашиглаж эхэлжээ. Эндээс барьж ашиглаж байгаа загасны дийлэнх хувийг дархадын цагаан загас, багахан хувийг тул, зэвэг, хадран эзэлдэг. Цаашид олон жилийн нөөцтэй загас агнуурыг зохион байгуулахын тулд Дархадын цагаан нуурын загасны үйлдвэрийг түшиглэж жилд 100 сая салбарсын төрлийн жараахайг өсгөх чадалтай ажилчдыг дагалдуулан дадлага олгон сургаж загас үржүүлгийн газар байгуулж ажиллуулах
Orders, decorations, and medals of the Republic of China

This is a list of orders, decorations and medals of the Republic of China, usually known as Taiwan after 1949. This list is sorted in order of precedence of the highest grade of each award on a full military dress. The Honour Sabre is a special case and is listed separately under Military orders, as per its official classification by the Ministry of National Defense.
Prior to the modern system, the Republican government established numerous orders that are now defunct.
After the founding of the Republic, the Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1912) in Nanjing established the following orders in 1912:
The Beiyang government re-established the honour system with the following orders:
Various warlords also issued their own orders and commemorative medals.
Orders, decorations, and medals of the Soviet Union

Awards and decorations of the Soviet Union are decorations from the former Soviet Union that recognised achievements and personal accomplishments, both military and civilian. Some of the awards, decorations, and orders were discontinued after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, while others are still issued by the Russian Federation as of 2024. Many of the awards were simply reworked in the Russian Federation, such as the transition of Hero of the Soviet Union to Hero of the Russian Federation, and Hero of Socialist Labour to Hero of Labour of the Russian Federation. A wide range of Soviet awards and decorations cover the extensive and diverse period of history from 1917 to 1991.
Note: Several Soviet decorations were worn in full, so a ribbon bar was not created. However, since the fall of the USSR, some medals have had ribbon bars created for them. An asterisk, *, denotes these medals. Awards not showing a ribbon are worn in full at all times.
Daerah Metropolitan Palapa

Palapa (akronim dari Padang-Lubuk Alung-Pariaman) iolah sabuah wilayah metropolitan di Provinsi Sumatera Barat yang maliputi Kota Padang, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Kota Pariaman. Wilayah iko ditunjang oleh kaberadaan infrastuktur Bandar Udaro Internasional Minangkabau dan infrastruktur lauik Pelabuhan Lauik Internasional Taluak Bayur, keduonyo tarintegrasi jo jaringan kereta komuter/lokal Padang-Pariaman dan Jalan Padang By Pass sepanjang 27 kilometer. Salain itu, tadapat pulo babarapo palabuhan pambantu seperti Palabuhan Muaro, Pelabuhan Bunguih, do Pelabuhan Tiram.
Kabupaten Padang Pariaman

Padang Pariaman adolah salah satu kabupaten nan ado di provinsi Sumatera Barat, Indonesia. Kabupaten ko mampunyoi laweh wilayah 1.328,79 km sarato panduduak sabanyak 391.056 urang (Sensus Panduduak 2010). Kabupaten ko baribukota di Parit Malintang, sabuah nagari di Kecamatan Enam Lingkung.
Barikuik iko adolah komposisi anggota DPRD Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dalam duo pariode tarakhia.
Kabupaten Padang Pariaman mampunyoi 17 kecamatan dan 103 nagari. Laweh wilayahnyo mancapai 1.332,51 km² dan panduduak 462.125 jiwa (2017) dengan sebaran 347 jiwa/km².
Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, adolah sabagai barikuik:
Pado 30 September 2009, tajadi gampo bumi bakakuatan 7,6 SR nan mahoyak pasisia barat Sumatera nan bapusek di parairan lauik Pariaman. Episentrum gampo barado sakitar 57 kilometer barat daya Padang Pariaman pado kadalaman 71 kilometer dari pamukaan lauik. Padang Pariaman manjadi kabupaten nan maalami guncangan paliang kuek sagadang VII MMI. Dek hal iko, Padang Pariaman manjadi daerah paliang cayia tarutamo di 17 kecamatan. Di 3 kecamatan, yaitu Patamuan, V Koto Timur, jo V Koto Kampung Dalam tajadi turun tanah nan parah dari Gunuang Tigo nan dipakirokan ado 289 urang maningga dek tatimbun. Manuruik data Satkorlak PB, total korban maningga di Padang Pariaman mancapai 675 urang.
Gampo juo marusak saranan transportasi. Saketeknyo, 37 titiak jalan maalami karusakan nan baragam mulai dari taputuih total, tatimbun, tarangkek, inggo pacah. Ado pulo jambatan-jambatan nan rusak sarupo di VII Koto Sungai Sarik, VI Lingkung, jo 2 X 11 Kayu Tanam.
Salain Padang Pariaman, wilayah lain nan maalami karusakan parah adolah Kota Padang, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, Kota Pariaman, Kota Bukittinggi, jo Kota Padangpanjang.
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Padang Pariaman

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Padang Pariaman (disingkek DPRD Padang Pariaman) adolah lembaga perwakilan rakyat daerah tingkat kabupaten nan ado di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Sumatra Barat, Indonesia. DPRD Padang Pariaman mampunyoi 40 urang anggota nan taseba di 10 partai politik, dengan parolehan suaro mayoritas diraiah dek Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya jo Partai Amanat Nasional.
Pimpinan DPRD Padang Pariaman tadiri dari saurang ketua jo duo urang wakia ketua nan barasa dari partai politik nan mampunyoi suaro tabanyak di dewan.
Barikuik iko adolah komposisi anggota DPRD Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dalam duo pariode tarakhia.
Pado Pemilu 2019, pamiliahan DPRD Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dibagi kadalam 4 daerah pamiliahan (dapil) sabagai barikuik:
Barikuik adolah daftar anggota DPRD Padang Pariaman pariode 2019-2024.
Parit Malintang, Enam Lingkung, Padang Pariaman

Parit Malintang adolah sabuah desa nan ado di kecamatan Enam Lingkung, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia.
Sajak dikaluakannyo Surat Keputusan (SK) DPRD No. 05/KEP.D/DPRD 2008 jo SK Bupati No. 02/KEP/BPP/2008, batangga 2 Juli 2008, di mano ibu kota kabupaten Padang Pariaman dipindahan dari [./https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Pariaman Kota Pariaman] ka nagari iko, mangko nagari ko muloi babenah jo dimuloinyo pambangunan infrastruktur untuak manunjang administrasi pamarintahan kabupaten.
Niki (panyanyi)

Nicole Zefanya (lahia di Jakarta, Indonesia, 24 Januari 1999; umua 26 taun), dikana juo jo namo panggungnyo NIKI, adolah saurang panyanyi jo panulih lagu asa Indonesia. Niki adolah artis Indonesia paliang tanamo di Spotify nan karyanyo alah didanga labiah dari 2,8 miliar kali, malabihi Rich Brian pado Januari 2024. Salain itu, Niki adolah artis Indonesia nan mamacik rekor pandanga bulanan paliang banyak di Spotify, mancapai 13,2 juta pandanga pado Desember 2023.
Niki tumbuah gadang di Jakarta. Inyo tabiaso mandangaan musik R&B taun 1990-an sarupo Destiny's Child jo Aaliyah dek pangaruah amaknyo. Inyo baraja di Sakolah Pelita Harapan Lippo di Tangerang. Salamo maso sikolanyo, Niki manjadi populer dek cover jo lagu-lagu aslinyo di YouTube, nan mandapekkan labiah dari 40.000 subscriber. Inyo kudian maapuih sadoalah video lamonyo, tapi babarapo lagu lamonyo masih bisa tasobok di internet.
Niki marilis lagu "Polaroid Boy" jo "Anaheim" sacaro independen di taun 2016 jo 2017. Pado taun 2017, Niki pindah ka Nashville, Amerika Sarikaik, untuak baraja Seni Musik di sabuah universitas, sambia marilis lagu-lagu “See U Never” jo “I Like U” di bawah payuang label rekaman Amerika 88rising sabagai panyanyi. Dalam wawancaranyo jo Kompas.com, Niki mangaku baso inyo diajak dek Rich Brian untuak bagabuang jo label 88rising, sasudah Brian mandanga lagunyo di YouTube dan kudian mangontaknyo lansuang. Inyo kudian marilis lagu "Vintage" pado 2 Mei 2018 sabagai singel patamo dari album keteknyo (EP) nan bajudul Zephyr.
Niki kudian mangaluaan EP kaduonyo nan bajudul wanna take this downtown?, jo rilis singel "Lowkey" pado bulan April 2019.
Dek suaronyo nan lambuik dan khas, NIKI alah mandapek babarapo julukan, sarupo "R&B Princess" dek VICE Indonesia.
Pado ulasan Aisyah Pravita di GilaNada.com, katiko sadang maninjau album Zephyr, inyo manyabuik baso album tu "taraso aluih jo ringan untuak didanga bilo-bilo sajo". Inyo juo manyabuik NIKI sabagai "ratu baru R&B lokal", jo manambahan baso "jiko sanak sanang mandanga karya musisi sarupo Kehlani, SZA, Jhene Aiko, atau HER, sanak akan maraso sangaik bangga jo basyukur baso NIKI barasa dari Indonesia. NIKI adolah artis lokal nan punyo kualitas internasional".
Padang metropolitan area

Padang metropolitan area or officially Palapa; (acronym of "Padang-Lubuk Alung/Padang Pariaman-Pariaman") is a metropolitan area located in Indonesia. This area includes Padang city and its surrounding areas such as Padang city, Pariaman city, Padang Pariaman Regency with later include Solok city and Solok Regency (part) due to increase mobility between area. This region of West Sumatra province, officially the biggest city in Sumatra island directly facing Indian Ocean. Padang city also host First Summit Indian Ocean Rim Association in 2017 (co-host with Jakarta). It has an area of 3,206.85 km, and at the 2023 estimate had a population of 1,752,482
The national government regards the Padang Metropolitan Area as including Padang city, Pariaman city, Padang Pariaman Regency, Solok city and Solok Regency (part). This area is on the international trade route and is directly adjacent to Indian Ocean. In the region to boost investment growth.
Padang and Pariaman is a coastal city with island and bays, islets, and peninsulas, located western part of Sumatra Island, eastern part of Indian Ocean. The Mentawai Strait separates Sumatra and Mentawai. While Solok city is hinterland Minangkabau with a height of 390 m above sea level.
Over 10 million domestic tourists visited in 2023. Padang is famous for culinary tourism, especially the famous Padang Food who spread out to Maritime Southeast Asia to Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei and other part of Indonesia. Padang also widely known for its Minangkabau culture, and sunset beaches. Padang become gateway to other famous destinations in West Sumatra such as Bukittinggi, Jam Gadang, Lembah Harau, Mentawai island. International tourists mostly coming from Malaysia, Singapore and Australia.
Trans Padang is the most reliable and the cheapest public transportation in Padang. It began to operate in February 2014.The price for one ride is Rp1,500 for students and Rp3,500 for the public. Trans Padang operates from 06:00 to 19:00.
Minangkabau Express is an airport rail link service. This line was built to cut travel time from Padang city centre to the Minangkabau International Airport in Padang Pariaman Regency, as roads connecting the airport and the city center are frequently affected by traffic congestion.
The Minangkabau Express is the third airport rail link in Indonesia after Kualanamu ARS and Soekarno–Hatta ARS. It was inaugurated by President Joko Widodo on 21 May 2018.
Yogyakarta International Airport railway station

Yogyakarta International Airport Station (YIA) (Indonesian: Stasiun Yogyakarta International Airport/Stasiun Bandar Udara Internasional Yogyakarta) is a class I airport rail link station located at Yogyakarta International Airport in Glagah, Temon, Kulon Progo, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The station is located at an altitude of +22 m, and is currently the southernmost active station in the province. The station is located within the airport complex and only serves YIA Airport Rail link trips to and from Yogyakarta Station. When it is in operation, the station assists the role of Wojo Station as the closest station to YIA Airport.
KAI Bandara, a joint subsidiary of Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI) and Angkasa Pura II, took over the station's management from Operational Region VI Yogyakarta of the KAI since 1 April 2022, so that it becomes the first airport train station inside an Angkasa Pura I asset managed by the Angkasa Pura II subsidiary.
YIA station was opened simultaneously with the YIA Rail Link in a pre-official launch event on 27 August 2021, by the Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs and Investment Luhut Binsar Panjaitan, Minister of Transportation Budi Karya Sumadi, Deputy Minister of State-owned Enterprises Kartika Wirjoatmodjo, and the Governor of Special Region of Yogyakarta Hamengkubuwono X. The station and its airport train operation was started from 1 September 2021.
Yogyakarta International Airport Station only has two railway lines with both lines being straight tracks because the branch line to the airport was built on a double track from the start. The line construction has been prepared for the possibility of extending the KRL Yogyakarta Line service to this station (west terminus point). A total of IDR 1.1 trillion was disbursed for this project.
The station is 5.4 km from Kedundang Station and was built elevated. The foundation construction for the branch line and also the station uses slab on pile, supported by piles and tied with capping beams, without using fill soil, hardening, or concrete. This is because the land passed by the railroad is classified as watery (paddy fields).
The station building was built by Angkasa Pura I, has an area of 1,500 square metres (0.15 ha) and can accommodate up to 200 passengers. Futuristic in style, it uses a canopy made of steel and panel walls made of aluminum and glass. Its canopy is 300 m long and 20 m wide. The station's signaling system already uses electrical signaling produced by Len Industri which has been installed since mid-2021.
Media related to Yogyakarta International Airport Station at Wikimedia Commons
Padang Pariaman Regency

Padang Pariaman Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of West Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 1,343.58 km, and it had a population of 390,204 at the 2010 census and 430,626 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 451,388 - comprising 226,435 males and 224,953 females. The regency seat is at the town of Parit Malintang. West Sumatra's capital and biggest city, Padang, is surrounded on the landward side by this regency, which includes suburbs of the city.
The regency is divided into seventeen districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census and the 2020 census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages (nagari) in each district, and its post code.
Astronomical position Padang Pariaman which lies between 0 ° 11 '- 0 ° 49' south latitude and 98 ° 36 '- 100 ° 28' east longitude, with a total area of about 1,343.09 km ² and a coastline length of 60.50 km ². The regency's land area is equivalent to 3.15 percent of the total land area of West Sumatra Province.
Temperatures ranged between 24.4 °C - 25.7 °C, so for the average maximum temperature of 31.08 °C and average minimum temperature of 21.34 °C, with 86.75% relative humidity. Average rainfall for the district overall Pariaman in 2007 amounted to 368.4 mm, with an average days of rain as much as 19 days per month and the average wind speed is 2:14 knots / hour.
West Sumatra Province is a mountainous district nearly 3,000 metres in elevation made of Paleozoic sedimentary rock and Igneous rock that extends from the active row of volcanoes to the east. The Great Sumatran Fault divides the center of the province—the fault topography clearly visible—in a North-northwest to South-southeast direction. The stretch of land between the central mountain range and the shore is made of volcanic uplands and pyroclastic flow uplands with a narrow coastal plain distributed along the seacoast.
Towering above the eastern side (i.e. the mountain side) of Padang Pariaman are two large volcanoes; Gunung Tandikat stands at 2,347m and Gunung Singalang at 2,877m, together forming twin volcanoes. Lake Maninjau, located at the north end of Padang Pariaman, is a caldera lake measuring 20 kilometres north–south and 8 kilometres east–west which formed after a large volcanic burst 52,000 years ago. The volcanic products from this giant eruption are scattered over a wide area in the north-central area of Padang Pariaman. Today these volcanic products are seen as pyroclastic flow uplands and low relief hills.
Recent earthquakes that occurred along the Great Sumatran Fault that cuts across Sumatra are the series of quakes of 6 March 2007 measuring Mw6.4 and the Mw6.3 earthquake in the vicinity of Singkarak lake, which occurred in eastern Kabupaten Padang Pariaman.
0°38′00″S 100°07′01″E﻿ / ﻿0.633333°S 100.117°E﻿ / -0.633333; 100.117
Sultan Babullah Airport

Sultan Babullah Airport (IATA: TTE, ICAO: WAEE) also known as Ternate Airport, is located in the Indonesian province of North Maluku, close to the city of Ternate. The airport is named after the Indonesian warrior Sultan Babullah of Ternate (1528–1583). The airport serves as the main access to the province, with a high flow of both passengers and cargo. In the long run, government policy regarding air transport development plans will be aimed at the development of infrastructure and service at the airport, allowing for further routes.
Sultan Babullah Airport was opened in 1971 but officially commenced operations for civilian aircraft in 1978, becoming the main form of transportation to North Maluku. The airport is located roughly 6 km from the city centre. In 2005, a terminal was inaugurated in order to accommodate the growing number of passengers. The airport set about further expansion in 2013, inaugurating a new and larger terminal while simultaneously expanding the runway.
The airport is already making plans to extend its runway to 2,500m in order to accommodate planes such as the Boeing 737. Renovations to the apron are also expected to take place, and upon completion will be able to accommodate up to nine aircraft. Future plans are also in place to allow for larger wide-body planes such as the Boeing 747 to operate.
The terminal is equipped with a bank, ATM machines, restaurants, bars, a VIP Lounge, duty-free shops, convenience stores, gift shops, travel agents, car rental, taxi service/rank. first aid services and much more.
There are many transport options to get from the airport to downtown Ternate:
Airport taxis are usually stationed outside the airport terminal, charging roughly Rp 55,000 to get to the city. Motorcycle taxis can also be located outside the terminal, a cheaper option to get to the city, with fares roughly around Rp 15,000.
Minibuses to the city can be found at the nearby university, approximately at a ten-minute walk from the airport.
On August 22, 2007, the airport hosted a demonstration that led to more than 1,000 people rioting over gubernatorial elections. Several policemen and protesters were wounded, including four rioters shot by police.
Pangek Pisang

Pangek pisang adolah makanan nan barasa dari Solok Selatan, Sumatera Barat. Pangek pisang ko biasonyo tadapek di Pasa Muaro Labuah. Bantuaknyo saroman pisang nan di gulai tapi rasonyo gurih jo manih, dek karano diabuih jo santan pakek sapai kuahnyo kariang. Makanan khas Solok Selatan ko biasonyo dimakan jo lupih katan itam atau nasi lamak. Pangek pisang ko cukuik sulik ditamuan dek karano pangek pisang tamasuak makanan adaik. Biasonyo dibuek untuak acara adaik sarupo pangangkatan datuak, acara batamu rumah, jo baralek. Pangek pisang ko pernah tamasuak ka dalam agenda festival budaya di Halaman Kantor Bupati, acaranyo yaitu lomba mamasak pangek pisang. Lomba masak pangek pisang tu dapek rekor Muri jumlah peserta mamasak pangek pisang tabanyak, sajumlah 146 urang yang manghasilan 1460 porsi pangek pisang.
Pangek pisang manganduang bahan-bahan alami nan murah di sobokan di daerah kampuang-kampuang. Bahan pokoknyo pisang batu, santan, kunyik, garam, jo gulo putiah. Sadolah bahan ko hampia ado di satiok daerah di indonesia.
Caronyo, santan dimasak jo bumbu nan lah di siapan, tu aduak hinggo santan lah nampak manggalagak. Siap tu kubak kulik pisang sarato dibalah duo. Sudah tu masuak an pisang ka santan nan lah manggalagak, nan tarakhia aduak santan jo pisang sampai kuahnyo encer atau kental sasuai jo salero masiang-masiang. Proses mamasak pangek pisang balangsuang sakitar duo jam.
Pisang salai

Pisang salai marupoan makanan nan barasa dari Sumatera Barat. Pisang sale ko marupoan olahan pisang nan rasonyo manih jo disajian basah atau kariang. Untuak pisang salai nan kariang, pisang dibaluik jo tapuang sarato digoreng sampai rapuah. Biasonyo pisang salai banyak dijua di toko oleh-oleh khas Sumatera Barat. Indak hanyo di Sumatera Barat, di sajumlah daerah di Indonesia pun ado pulo hidangan nan sarupo jo pisang salai, yaitu pisang sale atau sale pisang.
Bahan-bahan nan digunoan untuak mambuek pisang salai tadiri dari pisang, tapuang terigu, tapuang bareh, gulo, garam, jo aia. Mulonyo pisang dikubak jo dikarek mamanjang. Sudah tu pisang dijamua sampai kariang. Salanjuiknyo masuakan tapuang bareh, tapuang terigu, garam, gulo, jo aia ka wadah, aduak sampai marato. Masuakan pisang nan alah kariang ka adonan tadi. Goreng sampai masak.
Kapau, Tilatang Kamang, Agam

Kapau marupoan salah satu nagari nan ado dalam Kecamatan Tilatang Kamang, Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia.
Secara geografis, bateh Nagari Kapau adolah:
Nagari Kapau lawehnyo hanyo 475 ha, manjadi nagari paliang ketek dari tigo bagari di Kecamatan Tilatang Kamang. Secara tradisionalm Nagari Kapau terdiri dari 12 jorong (kampuang/desa) nan ditata manjadi tigo sidang. Kemudian Nagari Kapau pernah pulo dijadian tigo desa, sasuai jumlah sidang yaitu Desa Induring, Desa Pandam Basasak, jo Desa Pasir.
Namun sasudah muncul UU No.22/1999, Sumatera Barat baliak ka pamarentahan nagari. 12 jorong di Nagari Kapau adolah sabagai barikuik:
Pasukuan
Jumlah suku di Kapau ado sambilan suku, masing-masingnyo Jambak Gadang, Malayu, Koto. Kudian bagabuang pulo dalam satu ciek (rumpun) Guci, Pili. Tanjung, Pisang, jo Simabua. Sudah itu, Jambak Kaciak tagak surang. Dengan baitu, ado nan digabuangan manjadi anam suku (rumpun), dipimpin masing-masing dek ciek penghulu. Oleh sebab itu, banamolah Kapau VI Suku.
Dalam adat anam suku, basuku bainduak babuah parut, kampuang dibari banan tuo, rumah dibari batungganai, panghulu nan anam suku (panghulu pucuak), itulah nan ka manjadi hakim paliang tinggi dalam Nagari Kapau atapun menurut adat mamacik arek, mangganggam taguah.
Terdiri dari:
Penghulu nan anam di ateh diagiah pituo (diingekan), kalau tumbuah manuruik adat Datuk Bandaro, kalau tumbuah manuruik syaraik Datuak Mangkudun, mako kaduanyo diagdangan manuruik adat jo kato mufakaik. Kalau malatakan pusaka kaduo urang itu ditambah jo saikua sapi. Adapun maangek Ninik Mamak (pangulu baru) nan satu induak, masiang-masiang saikua kabau. Tetapi Datuk Bandaro jo Datuk Mangkudun, ciek ikua kabau jo ciek ikua jawi.
Itulah makonyo Datuk Bandaro jo Datuk Mangkudun sabagai pucuak bulek dalam sukunyo masiang-masiang jo pucuk bulek dalam nan anam suku. Panempatan pucuak bulek iko bapadoman ka nan mulo-mulo turun dari Bukik Kapau ka Kapau kini.
Kaduo pangulu iko juolah nan ka manyalasaian, mamutuihan biang, manabuaan jo kato nan hak dalam adat, jikok ado sangketo di antaro niniak mamak nan anam suku.
Pamimpin Nagari Kapau dari maso ke maso:
Gulai kapau sangat khas dengan warna kunyitnya yang sangat dominan, dengan rasa gurih dan pedas. Sayur gulai Kapau terdiri dari potongan nangka muda, rebung, kol, pakis, kacang panjang, jengkol dalam kuah yang tidak terlalu kental (tidak terlalu banyak santan) berwarna kuning (kunyit) kemerahan (cabe merah). Yang juga sangat khas adalah gulai tunjang, atau kikil. Pangek ikan paweh batalua (gulai ikan tawes bertelur yang dimasak sampai kering), gulai usus (sapi) berisi campuran telor dan tahu yang dilumatkan, dendeng balado, goreng belut.
Nagari Kapau terdiri dari 12 (dua belas) jorong, yaitu:
Nagari nan dimekarkan dari nagari iko maliputi:
Pisang kapik

Pisang Kapik atau Pisang Jepit marupoan makanan kampuang di masyarakaik kanagarian Surantih, Kecamatan Sutera, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. makanan iko secaro fisik dianggap indak bernilai, apo lai pisang murah didapekan dari pasar ketek hinggo pasar gadang sampai ka mall, tapi dicaliek makanan ko berkelas. makanan iko dibuek pakai tambahan campuran nan manciptaan raso baselero tinggi. Pengolahannyo indak di habuih jo di goreng sajo.
Pisang Kapik dalam mambueknyo, ruponyo tak payah,asalkan buahnyo indak masak dan indak pulo mudo. pisang talalu masak beko dibakar manjadi lunak dan mudah hancua. dan pisang mudo bilo dimasak manjadi kareh dan raso alah barubah. pisang disayaik tapi indak putuih, lalu dibaka jo api tampuruang, di oles jo mentega jo minyak sayua. dibaka sampai 5 -10 minik lamonyo, alah itu ditakan diateh bahan dasar nan data. sasudah agak picak, diagiah parutan karambie, gulo jo garam sacukiknyo. baitulah caro mambuek pisang kapik, makanan khas dari daerah Kabupaten Pesisir selatan
Koto Mangkasar

Kota Makassar (Makassar: ᨀᨚᨈ ᨆᨀᨔᨑ, dari 1971 inggo 1999 sacaro rasmi dikana sabagai Ujuang Pandang) adolah ibu kota provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Makassar marupokan kota metropolitan paliang gadang di kawasan Indonesia Timur dan pado maso saisuak panah manjadi ibu kota Nagara Indonesia Timur jo Provinsi Sulawesi. Makassar talatak di pasisia barat daya Pulau Sulawesi sarato babatehan jo Selat Makassar di sabalah barat, Kabupaten Kapulauan Pangkajene di sabalah utara, Kabupaten Maros di sabalah timur dan Kabupaten Gowa di sabalah selatan.
Manuruik Bappenas, Makassar adolah salah satu dari ampek pusek patumbuahan utamo di Indonesia, basamo jo Medan, Jakarta, sarato Surabaya. Jo laweh wilayah 199,26 km² sarato jumlah panduduak labiah dari 1,6 juta jiwa, kota ko ado di urutan kalimo kota paliang gadang di Indonesia sasudah Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, jo Medan. Sacaro demografis, kota ko tagolong tipe multi etnik atau multi kultur jo baragam suku banso nan mauninyo, di antaronyo nan signifikan jumlahnyo adolah Bugih, Toraja, Mandar, Buton, Jawa, dan Tionghoa. Makanan khas Makassar nan umum dijumpoi di suduik kota adolah Coto Makassar, Roti Maros, Jalangkote, Bassang, Kue Tori, Palubutung, Pisang Ijo, Sop Saudara, jo Sop Konro.
评剧

评剧也叫评戏、平腔梆子，发源于中国河北唐山，特点是念白和唱词口语化，非常容易听懂，因此很受观众的歡迎。
1910年代，成兆才將說唱曲藝藝術蓮花落結合蹦蹦戏，並吸收河北梆子、京劇的一些表演方式和音樂元素，同時也受到唐山皮影戲音樂的影響，開創出定名為「平腔梆子」的新劇種，中華民國时期北京改名北平，使得「平腔梆子」的簡稱和京劇因政治因素而改換的新名稱「平劇」、「平戲」（本來叫「京戲」、「京劇」）混淆，成兆才於是在建議下把「平腔梆子」的簡稱改為「評劇」、「評戲」，這個名稱就此確立，直到現在。
從20世纪初期到現在，評劇演出了大量的时装戏，雖然京劇受到话剧的影響，也創作演出一些時裝戲，但评剧創作演出现代戲（时装剧）相對來說比較多，而且评剧現代戲創作演出一直不斷。1950年代在北京成立的中國評劇院，更是以創作演出評劇現代戲為主要任務，代表性的評劇現代戲有中華民國建國初年創作演出的《楊三姐告狀》、中華人民共和國成立後創作演出的《金沙江畔》、《夺印》、《向陽商店》、《會計姑娘》、《紅色聯絡站》、《野馬》、《高山下的花環》、《黑頭與四大名蛋》、《二愣媽》等。
評劇本來是以小生、小旦、小花臉（小丑）為主的「三小」戲，中華人民共和國成立後，生行（老生、小生行當）演員魏荣元與音樂家賀飛、楊培等合作，將評劇曲調和京劇淨行（大花臉；花臉；大花面；花面；大面）的發聲做表方式結合，開創出評劇的淨行，1955年，長春電影製片廠攝製了中華人民共和國第一部評劇電影《秦香蓮》，成功地以評劇淨行呈現片中的包拯。
評劇就如它的名稱「平腔梆子」所突顯出來的一樣，是一種梆子戲，和其他的梆子戲一樣，主弦都是板胡为主，都是富於板式變化的板腔。
梆子腔

梆子腔是中国汉族传统戏曲中传播最广的声腔系统之一。又称桄桄，在一些地方也称乱弹。以硬木梆子击节为特色。使用梆子腔为唯一或主要声腔的剧种有：秦腔（陕西梆子）、同州梆子、汉调桄桄、蒲州梆子、晋剧（中路梆子）、北路梆子、上党梆子、豫剧（河南梆子）、山东梆子（曹州梆子）、章丘梆子、枣梆、莱芜梆子、河北梆子、武安平调、淮北梆子、绍剧、婺剧、瓯剧（温州乱弹）、台州乱弹、和剧、西秦戏、臺灣梆子等等。
玉蒲团之官人我要

《玉蒲团之官人我要》（英語：Sex & Zen III）是一部1998年香港三級片，剧情取自传统戏曲《玉堂春》。
妓院女主人高老大（植敬雯 飾）訓練三個新妓女，蘇三（楊嘉玲 飾），沈鳳翎（冬怡 飾）和晴雲（鍾真 飾），引出豔遇、淫行和奇案。
高老大拍賣蘇三初夜權，雷大官人（徐錦江 飾）與書生朱志昂（邵傳勇 飾）志在必得，蘇三與多情書生朱志昂相戀，雷大官人退而求其次買下沈鳳翎。朱志昂上京考試，高老大逼迫蘇三接客，雷大官人是豪爽富翁同情蘇三的遭遇，就納其為妾，免遭身心的蹂躪。雷大官人的妻子沈鳳翎與奸夫孫巨陽（王俊棠 飾）設下奸計謀害雷官大人致死，然後他們買通官府，禍嫁蘇三，使她遭受酷刑，屈打成招，面臨死刑。這時書生朱志昂高中狀元，作為欽差大臣回歸故裏，通過查訪知道冤屈，為蘇三平反昭雪，懲辦了真正的凶手，最後蘇三為了不耽誤朱志昂的前程，決意削髮為尼，渡過下半生。
楊嘉玲曾以本片女主角名義出版過一本寫真集，其後退出娛樂圈。
花木兰

花木蘭，是北朝詩歌《木蘭辭》描述的一位以女扮男裝來代父從軍的傳奇女戰士，原作《木蘭辭》並未明示木蘭的姓氏、所處年代、籍貫等信息，历史上也没有正史載其事蹟，而是由詩歌、民間戲曲及地方志，逐漸發展成為民間耳熟能詳的古代女性從軍的指標人物，其人存在與否及族属都有爭議。
原著《木蘭辭》為古樂府，於南朝陳時，被釋智匠收錄於《古今樂錄》。因原著未作详细记载，木兰所處之年代、年齡、籍貫、居住地等均不可考。木蘭的事情雖然被記載於古樂府詩《木蘭辭》，但明史也有記載元末時韓貞女扮男裝從軍的故事，徐渭大概因為這件事替木蘭寫劇本。本來不知道木蘭姓氏，稱木蘭父親姓花名弧以及木蘭後來嫁給王郎，都是徐渭杜撰出來的故事。
木蘭的族裔有鮮卑、漢族、混血等三種觀點。
鮮卑說的支持者認為，木蘭的故事自唐朝起在漢人口耳相傳的敘事添加了漢人社會觀念，後世的改編作品裡木蘭的游牧和部落血統被抹去，明代徐渭《雌木蘭替父從軍》更增加了「木蘭纏足」的劇情，不過北魏時代沒有纏足陋習，又以2020年考古學家Christine Lee和Yahaira Gonzalez在蒙古國出土的貴族女性骸骨裡，發現鮮卑女貴族比起匈奴和突厥女貴族更常騎馬，據此推測鮮卑平民女性幾乎都要騎馬上戰場。
原作沒提到木蘭真實的姓氏。學者徐中舒認為木蘭實際上可能是一個複姓。明代文學家徐渭將《木蘭辭》改編為《雌木蘭替父從軍》；女主角在劇中自稱「妾身姓花名木蘭，祖上在西漢時，以六郡良家子，世住河北魏郡。吾父名弧字桑之，平生好武能文，舊時也做一個有名的千夫長」；自此，木蘭的父親叫花弧，姐姐叫花木蓮，弟弟叫花雄，母親是花袁氏。《隋唐演義》記載花木蘭有一妹名花又蘭，與竇線娘義結金蘭。
又有一說木蘭本姓朱，清康熙年間《黃陂縣志》寫道「木蘭，本縣朱氏女，生於唐初，……假男子代父從軍，……至今其家猶在木蘭山下」焦竑《焦氏筆乘》也寫道「木蘭，朱氏女子，代父從征。今黃州黃陂縣北七十里，即隋木蘭縣。有木蘭山、將軍冢、忠烈廟，足以補《樂府題解》之缺」但是，還有木蘭姓魏的說法，也有一說她的原本姓名為韓娥。
花木蘭的籍貫也是眾說紛紜，《大清一統志》稱她是潁州譙郡城東魏村人（今安徽省亳州市譙城區）；姚瑩《康輶紀行》稱她是甘肅武威人，而劉廷直《木蘭碑》則稱木蘭是直隶完縣人，《商丘縣誌》記載木蘭為河南商丘縣人。
張覺明《木蘭史研究：故里、姓氏、時代、生平考》整理出木蘭生世，姓氏有魏姓说、木姓说、木兰姓说、穆姓说、仆姓说、花姓说、朱姓说，年代有汉朝说、三国说、晋朝说、北魏说、南朝梁说、隋朝说、唐朝说，故里有河南虞城说、安徽亳州说、亳州谯城说、河南宋州说、内蒙古和林格尔说、内蒙古包头说、陝西延安说、甘肃武威说、山东任城说、河北完县说、河北新河说、湖北黄陂说等。然各派觀點分歧且原作《木蘭辭》提供資訊極少，是否能定論於某朝代，由於缺乏決定性證據，不可妄下定論。
（按：关于花木兰的音乐作品众多，以下仅列出较知名作品。）
棍棒

棍棒，又稱棒棍、棍、棒、杖等，是一種被当作武器而使用的長形條狀物的統稱，是最基本易得武器之一。棍棒的長度不一，造形變化大，但一般是以木頭製成，細而長直的圓柱體，以單手或雙手揮動，用來攻擊或自衛之用。遭受棍棒攻擊後，會造成人體組織內出血，形成瘀血或傷痕，稱為鈍器創傷。
棍棒是人類最早使用的武器之一，時間可以追溯到人屬出現之初，或更早。各种类型的棍棒在武术及不同的生活领域中使用，例如警棍。
棍棒可能是一種最簡單的武器。将一块木头切成便于挥动的木棍，或随手觅得一根便于挥动的器具都可作为棍棒。棒球棍、斧柄和锄柄都是最常见的棍棒。警方通常称其为冲击武器（impact weapons）或冲击工具（impact tools）。
许多体育比赛中都有棍棒或棍棒型的器具。用来击打高尔夫球的称作高尔夫球杆（Golf Clubs），尽管高尔夫球杆比起传统的木质棒球棍和板球棍来不那么像棍棒。棒球棍是由灰树制成的圆形棍子，板球棍通常是由柳木制成的桨状扁平的棍子，而现在比赛中高尔夫球杆很少由木头制作。爱尔兰曲棍球使用hurley (or camán)。hurley由灰树制成，中间长26"至40"，尾部扁平，便于击打小球。爱尔兰曲棍球最初用于训练爱尔兰士兵，这一项传统至少可追溯到公元4世纪。A shillelagh 出现在波士顿凯尔特人队的队标中。
拶刑

拶刑，又稱拶指，中國古代一種夾手指的肉刑，一般用于女性。
刑具叫做「拶子」，係由繩索和數根小木棍穿繫而成，木棍數量多為五或六根，串成如「冊」形，藉拉扯二側繩索使木棍向中間壓迫，若人手指置於其中，轻者皮开肉绽，重者指骨可能被夾断。官府常用此刑对女犯逼供。
據說，行刑時衙役先把拶子朝地上一摔，吓唬受刑的犯人。然後命令犯人跪地雙手合掌，向上高舉過頭頂，不讓犯人看到自己受刑的雙手，再把刑具套上犯人的指縫之間，夾在大拇指以外四對手指的指根部位，拉動繩套收攏木棍，擠壓犯人的手指，造成劇痛。而犯人看不到受刑的雙手，會加強用刑的效果，更快失去抗拒的意志。
行刑時兩個衙役在犯人左右兩旁收繩，一個衙役在犯人身後扯着犯人頭髮，防止過度掙扎。還有是 “敲”，是把拶子收緊後，把繩套繞在拶子上綁牢，用木榔頭敲打拶棍的兩頭，使拶棍在指根間來回移動，摩擦被夾緊的指根表皮，加重受刑者的痛苦。所以“敲”也叫“撺梭”。敲得多了會使指根脫皮潰爛，痛苦非凡。
西方古代也有类似的刑罚。罗马教皇禁止数字“0”，有罗马学者在笔记本记载了关于使用“0”的一些好处和说明，就被教皇施行了拶刑。意大利文艺复兴时期的第一个女画家阿特蜜希雅·真蒂萊希曾被拶刑逼供。
騎木驢

騎木驢，中國古代的一種死刑前的酷刑，出自小說等文學作品以及口耳相傳之成果，缺乏實際刑案檔案證實，較有誇大恫嚇之意義。
关汉卿《窦娥冤》提到：“张驴儿毒杀亲爷，奸占寡妇，合拟凌迟。押付市曹中，釘上木驢，剮一百二十刀處死。”《西游记》中的李彪也被釘上木驢。小說中的“騎木驢”刑罰一般對象為判处凌迟的罪犯。《水浒传》有一段文字：“大牢裏取出王婆，当厅听命。读了朝廷明降，写了犯由牌，画了伏状，便把这婆子推上木驴，四道长钉，三条绑索，东平府尹判了一个‘剐’字，拥出长街。两声破鼓响，一棒碎锣鸣，犯由前引，混棍后催，两把尖刀举，一朵纸花摇，带去东平府市心里，吃了一剐。”
根据某些小说的描述，改進過的木驢下面有四個輪子可以推著走。內藏偏心輪，可在女犯遊街時帶動圓木條上下移動、反覆撞擊女陰，使其在示眾過程中感受類似被強姦的痛楚。
清代公案小说《狄公案》第30回“赴杀场三犯施刑，入山东二臣议事”写道“置出这个木驴。其形有三尺多高，矮如同板凳相仿，四只脚向下，脚下有四个滚路的车轮，上面有四尺多长、六寸宽一个横木。面子中间，造有一个柳木驴鞍，上系了一根圆头的木杵，却是可上可下，只要车轮一走，这杵就鼓动起来。前后两头造了一个驴头驴尾……然后方标明女犯，到了女监，将毕周氏提出，两手绑于背后，插了标子，两人将木驴牵过，在堂口将她抬坐上去，和好鞍缰，两腿紧缚在凳上，将木杵向下……被这木驴子一阵乱拖，木杵一阵乱顶”。
清代另一部公案小说《施公案》第283回“用奇刑假知县招供，枭逆首勇副将监斩”写道“但见此物系檀木做成，约一尺长短，通体圆滑，上粗下细，一根木棍，安在一张檀木板凳中间，下面有关扭子消息，仿佛木驴形式。朱光祖、关小西、黄天霸三人一齐走下，将毛如虎拖上板凳，左右按定。朱光祖便将木棍，从裤子外钻入穀道。施公又命人鞭背。叫两人在他腰上，用夹棍夹起。毛如虎此时被木棍捣入，气运不来，又兼夹棍、背花，痛楚难受”。
在已被判死刑的婦女，如有被判此刑罰的，需木驢上遊行示眾。示眾過程中還要用荊條等鞭打女犯以增強效果。
正史中记载木驢是一種钉住犯人手脚的刑车，男女通用。《三朝北盟会编》记载建炎元年11月密州知州赵野弃城而逃，被密州军卒杜彦、李逵、吴顺抓回時，即釘上木驢。
梃擊案

梃擊案（梃，音挺），明末三大案之一，亦是國本之爭的插曲。萬曆四十三年（1615年），有一男子張差欲以梃（木棍）刺殺皇太子朱常洛，最終失敗，朱常洛亦鞏固太子地位。
在中國歷史上皇朝的禮制中，皇帝立皇后所生之嫡長子為太子，如皇后無子，則以最年長的兒子為太子，皇帝亦曾經廢立太子。
雖然明太祖在皇明祖訓規定由嫡長子繼承大統，但明朝有數代皇帝因特殊情況而得位。如第三代皇帝明成祖便在太祖死後不久，起兵篡奪姪兒明惠帝的帝位。明英宗遭蒙古人擄走，故于謙擁立明景帝。明武宗無子而歿，內閣首輔楊廷和立明世宗入繼大統。但明朝在一般情況下，仍然依襲這套宗法立儲君。
明神宗在位期間，由於王皇后無子，故朝臣主張立長子為太子，皇長子朱常洛，萬曆十年出生，是神宗宮女所出。皇三子福王朱常洵，萬曆十四年出生，是神宗寵愛的鄭貴妃之子，神宗由於對鄭貴妃的愛情，鄭貴妃亦不斷向神宗進言，故打算立福王為太子，但朝臣根據皇明祖訓，堅持立朱常洛為皇太子，而李太后、王皇后也支持立常洛，是為國本之爭。
最初神宗不斷拖延，弄至皇長子十歲時，因為儲位未定，不能就學讀書。神宗雖然處分一些支持皇長子的大臣，但東林黨也支持皇長子，使支持皇長子為太子的聲勢更大。萬曆二十九年 (1601年)，皇長子朱常洛二十歲，神宗在無法拖延下終於策立常洛為皇太子，常洵為福王，封地為洛陽。
國本之爭演變成皇帝與大臣勢力之權力鬥爭。結果鄭貴妃忍無可忍，終於爆發明朝立國二百五十年以來最嚴重宮廷仇殺事件——梃擊案。
1615年5月30日（萬曆四十三年五月己酉），男子張差，手持棗木棍，闖進太子朱常洛居住的慈慶宮，擊傷守門太監李鑒，太子內侍韓本用聞訊趕到，在前殿逮捕張差。將他交给了東華門守衛指揮朱雄。由巡皇城御史劉廷元審問。
經過皇城巡城御史劉廷元初審，刑部山東清吏司郎中胡士相跟員外郎趙會楨、勞永嘉共同審訊，張差是薊州井兒峪人，語言顛三倒四，常提到“喫齋討封”等語。刑部提牢主事王之寀認為事有蹊蹺，覺得張差決不像瘋癲之人，用飯菜引誘他：“老實招供就給你飯喫，不老實就把你餓死。”張差低頭，又說：“不敢說。”王之寀命眾人迴避，親自審問。
後由刑部十三行省清吏司（簡稱十三司）司官會審，原來鄭贵妃派太监营建佛寺，太监負責烧製砖瓦，向居民買薪柴，有些居民卖柴获利，張差也跟進賣柴。張差原名張五兒，卖了田地，买薪柴卖给磚瓦廠，在一個月前，張差的薪柴無故被人燒了，投訴無門，結果紅封教馬三道、李守才、其姐夫孔道，讓他跟著貴妃宮中派出監修的太監龐保進京，說事成後可以給他幾畝田，入京見到另外一位太監劉成於宮外的別墅，並供應酒肉。幾天後，劉成帶他進紫禁城。太監交棗木棍給張差，又給張差飲酒。帶他到慈慶宮，著他進宮後見人即打，尤其見到穿黃袍者（是太子朱常洛）。提醒：「這是奸人，要把他打死。」老太監言明，如打死穿黃袍者，重重有賞，如被人捉住，他會救張差。張差的供言，等於供出是鄭貴妃手下太監龐保、劉成指使。
朝臣大多懷疑是鄭貴妃想要謀殺太子，王志、何士晋、张问达奏疏谴责鄭貴妃的兄弟郑国泰“专擅”；郑贵妃則惶惶不可终日，向皇上哭诉，明神宗要她去向太子表明心迹，意圖將事情淡化處理，太子亦不願深究。6月23日，明神宗聽从御史刘光复请驾幸慈宁宫，召见百官，說：“适见刑部郎中赵会桢所问招情，止将本内有名人犯张差、庞保、刘成即实时凌迟处死，其馀不许波及无辜一人，以伤天和，以惊圣母神位。”。6月24日以「瘋癲奸徒罪」，對張差處以凌遲殺害並分屍。張差臨死前曾說：“同谋做事，事败，独推我死，而多官竟付之不问。”6月25日，司礼监会同廷臣在文华门會審龐保、劉成兩人，保原名郑进，成原名刘登云。与張差饭，及木棍引进等语，由於人证消失，庞、刘二犯嚴刑拷打下矢口不招。方审问，东宫传谕說：“张差持棍闯宫，至大殿檐下，当时就擒，并无别物。其情实系风颠，误入宫闱，打倒内寺，罪所不赦。后招出庞保、刘成，本宫反复参详，保、成身系内官，虽欲谋害本宫，于保、成何益？此必保、成素曾凌虐于差，故肆行报复之谋，诬以主使。本宫念人命至重，造逆大事，何可轻信！连日奏求父皇速决张差，以安人心。其诬举庞保、刘成，若一概治罪，恐伤天和。况姓名不同，当以仇诬干连，从轻拟罪，奏请定夺，则刑狱平，本宫阴骘亦全矣。”6月28日，神宗密令中涓宦官將龐保、劉成杖斃。兩人堅執本不識認張差。五次嚴刑後 死亡。。7月8日，明神宗聽刑部审马三道、李守才、孔道以左道罪判處流放，李自强、李万仓应打笞刑。兩年後京察给事中徐绍吉、御史韩浚利用拾遗纠察机会弹劾王之寀贪财，于是削籍为民。
滿朝官吏一致認為鄭貴妃是幕後的幕后主使，引爆眾臣的憤怒，要求神宗交代。神宗自此徹底放棄易儲之說，太子朱常洛的地位也因而穩固。
公共广场

公共广场（法語：Place Publique）是法国的一个中间偏左的社会民主主义政党，由拉斐爾·格魯克斯曼、克莱尔·努维安（英语：Claire Nouvian）、乔·斯皮格尔（英语：Jo Spiegel）和托马斯·波歇（英语：Thomas Porcher）于2018年创建。2019年1月，该党声称拥有25000名成员。目前，该党是新人民阵线以及社会主义者和民主人士进步联盟的成员。
解放广场

30°02′40″N 31°14′09″E﻿ / ﻿30.044422°N 31.235696°E﻿ / 30.044422; 31.235696
解放广场（阿拉伯语：ميدان التحرير）是一个位于埃及开罗的大型公共广场，广场最早被称为伊斯梅尔广场，因19世纪的统治者伊斯梅尔帕夏而命名。在1952年的埃及七月革命之后，为了纪念埃及的政治制度从君主立宪制转变为共和制，广场的名字更改为解放广场。
解放广场周边的主要建筑有开罗国家博物馆、埃及民族民主党总部、The Mogamma政府建筑、阿拉伯联盟总部、尼罗河酒店和开罗美国大学。
历年来，解放广场是埃及抗议活动和游行示威的主要场所。2003年3月，人民聚集在广场上抗议伊拉克战争。
它也是2011年埃及革命的主要场地之一。2011年1月25日，超过15000名抗议者占领了该广场，在此期间广场的无线服务被中断。解放广场在接下来的几天里既然是抗议者最主要的目的地。2月11日，穆罕默德·胡斯尼·穆巴拉克宣佈下台，成千上萬的民眾至解放廣場慶祝。
聯邦廣場 (墨爾本)

联邦广场（英語：Federation Square）是澳大利亚墨尔本的一个大型公共广场，2002年10月正式启用。广场周围布满现代主义建筑和多個設施，如旅客服务中心、維多利亞國立美術館新馆、室内表演厅、SBS媒体大楼、交通旅馆、艺廊、餐厅和商店。Atrium链接弗林德斯街和亚拉河，外观为钢铁和透明玻璃组成的几何图形，是广场周围的一座标志性建筑。建设工程花费了4.67億澳元，可同时容纳一万名游客，每年都举办约500次集会。
2017年12月，媒體報道聯邦廣場內的Yarra Building將拆卸，改為蘋果公司超級旗艦店，於2020年建成。計劃公布後居民對此感到非常不滿，認為政府在批出土地前未有諮詢公眾，破壞該處的歷史價值。
自由廣場 (台北)

自由廣場原名中正廣場，是一個位於台灣臺北市中正區中正紀念堂園區內的公共廣場，包括大型活動廣場與藝文表演中心，廣場分佈著中正公園、牌樓、瞻仰大道以及國家兩廳院等建物，總面積25萬平方公尺。自由廣場之名得名於其牌樓，首見於2007年12月，象徵臺灣人民停止對政治人物的個人崇拜、終結中國國民黨長期一黨專制的獨裁政體而成為自由民主和人權法治的民主社會。
2007年12月7日陳水扁政府落實去蔣化政策，將中正紀念堂廣場的“大中至正”牌樓易名並替換上“自由廣場”字樣，同時將“中正紀念堂”更名為“國立臺灣民主紀念館”，重新規劃堂內的展覽方向並撤除中華民國三軍儀隊崗哨，陳水扁政府表示此舉是要廢止國家對「二二八事件元兇」、「獨裁者」蔣中正的個人崇拜。
2008年馬英九當選新任中華民國總統實現臺灣第二次政黨輪替，於隔年7月20日由教育部承辦廢止臺灣民主紀念館、重新恢復中正紀念堂並將匾額掛回，但牌樓的“自由廣場”字樣留用。
自由廣場是中華民國總統迎接外國政要來訪時的紅毯軍禮儀式以及許多大型活動租用的舉辦場地，曾舉辦過1990年至2000年的臺灣燈會、2000年至2004年及2006年與2007年的臺北燈節，也是臺灣社會運動1990年野百合學運與2008年野草莓運動的集會地點。
浦江县

浦江县位于中国浙江省中部，是金华市下辖的一个县。縣人民政府駐浦阳街道人民路38号。区域总面积为918.16平方公里。
浦江县有“书画之乡，水晶之都”之称。1993年被国家文化部命名为中国民间艺术（剪纸）之乡；2000年被国家文化部命名为中国民间艺术（书画）之乡；2001年，被中国日用五金技术开发中心命名为“中国挂锁中心”；2003年，中国轻工业联合会授于“中国水晶玻璃之都”荣誉称号。
浦江于东汉兴平二年（公元195年）建县，古称丰安，至今已有1800多年历史。唐朝天宝十三年（754年）置浦阳县，以境内浦阳江得名。五代 吴越天宝三年（910年）改浦阳县为浦江县，一直沿用至今。1960年1月撤销浦江县，建制并入义乌县，部分划入兰溪县，1966年12月恢复浦江县。
浦江县下辖3个街道办事处、7个镇、5个乡：
浦南街道、​仙华街道、​浦阳街道、​黄宅镇、​白马镇、​郑家坞镇、​郑宅镇、​岩头镇、​檀溪镇、​杭坪镇、​大畈乡、​中余乡、​前吴乡、​花桥乡和​虞宅乡。
根据第七次全国人口普查数据，截至2020年11月1日零时，浦江县常住人口为460726人。
浦江县位于浙江省中部，是典型的盆地城市，整体地理格局呈“七山半水一分田”。县域中部为浦江盆地，南部、北部均为山地丘陵环绕，整体地势西北高、东南低，主要的地貌类型有平畈、岗地、丘陵和山地。
全县属于钱塘江流域，主要河流有浦阳江、壶源江，县名“浦江”即因浦阳江得名。县域内最高峰为大畈乡朝天门，海拔1050米，最低点为白马镇与诸暨市交界处的浦阳江河道。
浦江属亚热带季风气候，温和湿润，四季分明。
梅县区

梅县区位于广东省东北部，是梅州市中部的一个市辖区。梅县区是中国著名侨乡，与梅江区并称梅城，是客家人的重要聚居地之一，客家話的代表地，亦有粵梅的別稱，區政府駐宪梓南路13号。梅县区教育发达，足球运动普及，客家山歌流行，素有“文化之乡”、“华侨之乡”、“足球之乡”的美称；先后被授予“全国文化先进区”、“中国旅游强区”“中国民间艺术（山歌艺术）之乡”称号。
梅县地区历史悠久，在新石器时代梅县地区就已经有人类在此居住，二十世纪五十年代以来，在梅县地区几十处地方发现了新石器时代遗址，并出土了一批石器和陶器。
南朝齐置程乡县，析海阳县置；南汉时，属敬州，为敬州州治，北宋开宝四年（971年），敬州改称梅州，仍为州治。明朝洪武二年，梅州废，属潮州府。清朝雍正十一年（1733年），程乡县升为嘉应直隶州；民国元年（1912年）改梅县。
1979年3月，梅县所辖梅州镇由区级升格为县级称梅州市。1983年6月，县级梅州市与梅县合并改为梅县市。1988年1月，广东实行市管县体制，梅县地区改设地级梅州市，梅县市分析梅县和梅江区，属于梅州市管辖。
2013年12月8日，撤销“梅县”，从此梅县结束了县治，并同时设立“梅州市梅县区”。并将梅县城区（华侨城、梅县新城）并入梅州城区；将城建、土地、城乡规划、社会经济划归梅州市直相关职能部门管理编制（简称“多规合一”），实现由县域经济单位向城区单位转型；其余不变。
梅县区位于梅州市中东部，东北与龙岩上杭县、永定区接壤，环接梅州梅江区，东邻梅州大埔县，西界梅州兴宁市，南连梅州丰顺县，北接梅州平远县、蕉岭县。东西宽70公里，南北长110公里，地处闽粤赣3省之要冲。
山地为主，中部为梅州盆地，梅江下游为谷地。
梅县区下辖1个街道、18个镇：
新城街道、​城东镇、​石扇镇、​梅西镇、​大坪镇、​石坑镇、​水车镇、​梅南镇、​丙村镇、​白渡镇、​松源镇、​隆文镇、​桃尧镇、​畲江镇、​雁洋镇、​松口镇、​南口镇、​程江镇、​扶大镇和​梅西水库。
根據第七次全国人口普查數據，截至2020年11月1日零時，梅縣區常住人口556735人，梅縣區户籍人口618685人。
2021年梅縣區地區生產總值237.71億元，同比增長6.2%。其中，第一產業增加值59.52億元，同比增長5.7%，對地區生產總值增長的貢獻率為23.1%；第二產業增加值79.34億元，同比增長5.6%，對地區生產總值增長的貢獻率為30.9%；第三產業增加值98.85億元，同比增長6.9%，對地區生產總值增長的貢獻率為46.0%。三次產業結構比為：25.0:33.4:41.6。人均地區生產總值42677元，同比增長5.9%。
Hebei bangzi

Hebei bangzi (河北梆子) is a genre of Chinese opera from the northern province of Hebei. It may also be found in the nearby cities of Beijing and Tianjin, as well as in Shandong, Henan, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, and Inner Mongolia, as well as some areas south of the Yangtze River such as Shanghai and Wuhan.
Hebei bangzi is derived from Qinqiang and Shanxi bangzi operas, which were introduced to Hebei during the middle of the Qing Dynasty. It is sung in Beijing dialect.
There are more than 500 stories used in Hebei bangzi.
Woodblock (instrument)

A woodblock (also spelled as two words, wood block) is a small slit drum made from a single piece of wood. The term generally signifies the Western orchestral instrument, but may also refer to the Chinese woodblock. In ragtime and jazz music, it is also known as the clog box or tap box. In orchestral music scores, woodblocks may be indicated by the French bloc de bois or tambour de bois, German Holzblock or Holzblocktrommel, or Italian cassa di legno.
The orchestral woodblock of the West is generally made from teak or another hardwood. The dimensions of this instrument vary, although it is either a rectangular or cylindrical block of wood with one or sometimes two longitudinal cavities. It is played by striking it with a stick, which produces a sharp crack. Alternatively, a rounder mallet, soft or hard, may be used, which produces a deeper-pitched and fuller "knocking" sound.
On a drum kit, a woodblock is traditionally mounted on a clamp fixed to the top of the rear rim of the bass drum.
Log drums made from hollowed logs, and slit drums made from bamboo, are used in Africa and the Pacific Islands.
The muyu (simplified Chinese: 木鱼; traditional Chinese: 木魚; pinyin: mùyú) is a rounded woodblock carved in the shape of a fish and struck with a wooden stick. It is made in various sizes and is often used in Buddhist chanting, in China as well as in other Asian nations including Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Also, in China, a small, rectangular, high-pitched woodblock called bangzi (梆子) is used. Typically used in sets of four different pitches, they are sometimes called "skulls" by jazz players because of their globular shape.
Temple blocks are a set of four or more woodblocks. Modern versions may be made of plastic instead of wood where they are known as granite blocks. Similarly, the jam block is a modern, plastic version of the woodblock.
Banhu

The banhu (Chinese: 板胡; pinyin: bǎnhú) is a Chinese traditional bowed string instrument in the huqin family of instruments. It is used primarily in northern China. Ban means a piece of wood and hu is short for huqin.
Like the more familiar erhu and gaohu, the banhu has two strings, is held vertically, and the bow hair passes in between the two strings. The banhu differs in construction from the erhu in that its soundbox is generally made from a coconut shell rather than wood, and instead of a snakeskin that is commonly used to cover the faces of huqin instruments, the banhu uses a thin wooden board.
The banhu is sometimes also called "banghu," because it is often used in bangzi opera of northern China, such as Qinqiang from Shaanxi province.
The yehu, another type of Chinese fiddle with a coconut body and wooden face, is used primarily in southern China.