davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Kajian budaya

Kajian budaya iku kawruh kang nyinau paradigma obyèk ing bab kritik sastra, sosiologi, kajian médhia, lan sapituruté. Kajian budaya kalebu pasinaonan interdisiplinèr kang nlitèni kabudayan, pulitik, lan pangwuasa. Dhasaré kajian iki sajatiné saka Karl Marx. Kabudayan kang dikarepaké ya iku kabudayan manungsa padinanan, ora mung nlitèni bab kabudayan adiluhung. Mulané pakaryan kanon lan ora kanon ora dibédaknè ana ing pasinaon iki. Malah kajian budaya kang ngangkat kabudayan ora kanon, bisa kalebu dadi objek kang ditliti.
Bapapai

Bapapai ya iku upacara Bamandi-mandi sadurungé upacara kawinan penganten saka kalangan rakyat biyasa suku Banjar, Kalimantan selatan, Indonesia. Ritual Bapapai uga ateges sawijining acara adus kembang calon pengantin kang ditindakake ing wayah bengi, padhatan sawisé akad nikah udakara jam 20.00 tekan 10.00 Wib. Tembung papai sajeroning basa Indonesia ateges cipratan. Ing prakteke, bapapai kaya déné nyiprat-nyipratake banyu gunakake mayang pinang marang calon pengantin kang lagi diadusi.
Jejangkep kanggo bapapai iki ing antarané:
Badhut

Badhut ya iku wong kang nglipur kanthi macak rainé nganggo wedhak kang kandel lan nganggo klambi kang anèh lan warna-warni. Badhut uga pinter kanggo mragakaké obahan lan rai kang lucu. Profesi badhut sabenere wis ana wiwit biyén. Badhut wis ana nalika jaman Romawi Kuna.
Badhut ora mung nggawé ngguyu wong-wong sugih kang stress kanthi tontonan, nanging uga nglipur lan luru dhuwit ing dalan-dalan utawa kang dikenal kanthi istilah ngamèn. Badhut nduwé kabisan kanggo pantomim kanthi obahan-obahan slapstik kang konyol. Badhut uga ana kang nyebut dadi panglipur ing dalan-dalan kang paling tuwa ing donya.
Miturut sajarah, badut tegesé wong kang dandan lucu lan kadang-kadang niru karakter komik, nganggo make-up kandel lan sandhangan kang unik. Badhut uga bisa mragakaké obahan kanthi lucu lan konyol ora nganggo omongan. Iki kang mbedakaké karo pelawak konvensional.
Ing abad pratengahan nalika kurang luwih taun 500 M nganti 1500 M ana karakter badhut kang misuwur banget. Masarakat Éropah, kususé Italia ngertèni karakter iki kanthi jeneng arlecchino utawa harlequin. Karakter iki dipopulèraké karo kalompok sandiwara commedia dell`arte. Nanging kostum kang dianggo isih apa anané.
Klambi badhut kang kaya saiki iku asil perkembangan kostum kang tau dipopulèraké ing Jerman lan Inggris, ya iku nalika abad kaping 18 M. Nalika iku dandanan lan gaya pantomim Pickellherring misuwur banget. Sandhangan kang dienggo nduwé ciri, klambi lan sepatu gombrong utawa gedhé, topi kang warna-warni, lan rénda gedhé kang bunder lan dianggo ing gulu.
Nalika abad kaping 18 M iki, badhut uga dadi pérangan wigati ing sirkus. Atraksi badhut lumrahé nganggo obahan-obahan akrobat kang nggawé sepaneng. Karakter Jocy kang diciptakaké Joseph Grimaldi kalebu karakter kang misuwur banget, karakter iki ora mung bisa nggawé seneng nanging uga nggawé sedhih lan wedi.
Semut semai

Semut Semai utawa Serangga Tomcat (jeneng ilmiah: Paederus littoralis), karan uga Kumbang Rove (Rove Beetle) utawa kanti jeneng daerah Semut Kayap atau Charlie ing Indonesia, ya iku kelompok utama saka kéwan beruas (Arthropoda) kang kalebu sajeroning sadulur Kumbang (Staphylinidae), mligi dibedakaké déning dawa cendaké penutup pelindung swiwi ("swiwi berlapis") kang ora ana punjul setengahe weteng dhèwèké mbukak. Kanti punjul 46.000 spésies sajeroning éwon génerasi, kelompok iki ya iku kulawarga kapindho terbesar kumbang setelah Curculionidae (kumbang yang sebenarnya). Serangga ini kalebu kelompok gegremet kuna, kanti fosil gegremet tomcat dingertèni saka Jaman Triassic utawa pamusnahan mahluk urip ing Bumi sakiwa-tengené 200 juta taun kang wis klakon.
kaya bisa dinuga kanggo salah sijiné kulawarga kumbang kang gedh, ana variasi gedhé ing antarané spésies iki. Ukuran berkisar antarané 1 nganti 35 mm (1,5 inci), kanti sapérangan gedhé ing kisaran 2–8 mm, lan wujud lumrahé dawa, kanti pira-pira gegremet tomcat kang dhapuré bunder kaya endhog. Awaké wernané kuning peteng ing pérangan nduwur, ngisor abdomen (weteng) lan ndas wernané peteng. Ing antena kumbang racaké 11 tersegmentasi lan filiform, kanti clubbing moderat sajeroning pira-pira génerasi kumbang. Lumrahé, kumbang iki katon merangkak ing kawasan sekeliling kanti ngumpetaké swiwiné lan sajeroning pandangan sekilas dhèwèké luwih mèh padha semut. Yènta ngrasa terganggu utawa terancam, mangka kumbang iki bakal munggahakè pérangan abdomen supaya dèwèké katon kaya kalajengking kanggo medèni musuhé.
Tomcat ora nyokot utawa ngantop. Tomcat bakal ngetokaké cuwèran kanthi otomatis yèn senggolan utawa ngemèk karo kulit manungsa kanthi langsung, Tomcat uga bakal ngetokaké cuwèran racuné iki ing barang-barang kaya klambi, anduk, utawa barang-barang liyané. Ing jinis gegremet katentu, ana cuwèran kang dinuga 12 lipat luwih kuwat saka upas ula kobra. Cairan hemolimf utawa toksin ii sinebut 'aederin' (C24H43O9N). Yèn wis kena dermatitis, rikat-rikat resiki seprei, kacu, anduk, klambi utawa barang-barang kang kang dianggep kena racun tomcat.
Tutup jendela lanan patèni lampu yèn ora digunakaké amarga Tomcat seneng panggonan-panggonan kang padang. Aja nggunakaké pakaian kang kabukak kanggo ngindari Tomcat. Luwih becik jendela dikèi kasa lemut supaya Tomcat ora bisa lumebu. Ati-ati yèn duwé anak cilik kang seneng dolanan ing sak cepaké tanaman lan singkirna saka omah yèn tanaman mau sajeroning kondisi ora terawat amarga bisa berpotensi dadi omahé Tomcat.
List of districts of East Java

The province of East Java in Indonesia is divided into 29 kabupaten (or regencies) and 9 kotamadya (or cities); these in turn are divided administratively into districts, known as kecamatan, of which there were 666 in 2020. These comprise 8,501 administrative villages (kelurahan in urban areas and desa in rural areas).
The districts of East Java, with the regency or city each falls into, are as follows:
Dírbheathaisnéis

Is éard atá i ndírbheathaisnéis ná téacs nó leabhar faoi shaol dhuine, scríofa ag an duine sin féin. (Más duine eile a scríobh, beathaisnéis atá i gceist.)
Réimse í an dírbheathaisnéis a bhí faoi bhláth tráth i litríocht na Gaeilge. Tá leabhair ar nós Peig le Peig Sayers, 'Rotha Mór an tSaoil' le Micí Mac Gabhann, 'Mo Bhealach Féin' le Seosamh Mac Grianna agus 'Mise' le Colm Ó Gaora ar chuid de na samplaí is aitheanta. D'imigh an dírbheathaisnéis as faisean sa dara leath den fhichiú haois, cé go bhfuil samplaí ann, ar nós 'An Nollaig Thiar' le Breandán Ó hEithir. Tá tréithe dírbheathaisnéiseacha ag baint le cuid de nua-scríbhneoireacht na Gaeilge freisin, mar shampla leis na leabhair 'Manchán ar Seachrán' agus 'Baba-Jí agus TnaG' le Manchán Magan agus an leabhar 'Favela' le Alex Hijmans.
Peadar O'Donnell

Scríbhneoir Béarla agus gníomhaí polaitiúil, idir Phoblachtach agus Mharxach, a bhí i bPeadar O'Donnell (Peadar Ó Domhnaill an leagan lán-Ghaeilge dá ainm, ach is é an leagan measctha a d'úsáid sé féin).
Rugadh sa Chlochán Liath i dTír Chonaill ar an 22 Feabhra 1893 é, agus fuair sé bás ar an 13 Bealtaine 1986. Bhí sé ina eagraí do Cheardchumann Oibrithe Iompair agus Ilsaothair na hÉireann agus throid sé i gCogadh na Saoirse.
Nuair a tháinig scoilt na nÓglach agus scaradh na gcompánach, thogair sé buille a bhualadh ar son na Poblachta, in aghaidh na Saorstátairí. Bhí sé ar dhuine acu siúd a shealbhaigh na Ceithre Cúirteanna, agus cimíodh é go gairid i ndiaidh bhombardú an árais sin. Chaith sé an chuid ba mhó de bhlianta an chogaidh chathartha i bPríosún Mhuinseo, agus i ndeireadh an chogaidh, chaith sé 41 lá ar stailc ocrais.
Nuair a scaoileadh saor leis an Dálach, chuaigh sé le polaitíocht i Sinn Féin, agus é ag iarraidh na Poblachtaigh a stiúradh i dtreo an tSóisialachais. Níor éirigh leis, agus ó nár éirigh, bhunaigh seisean agus lucht a leanúna an Chomhdháil Phoblachtach sa bhliain 1934. Throid sé i gCogadh Cathartha na Spáinne freisin, agus d'fhruiligh sé Poblachtaigh chlé eile in Éirinn le páirt a ghlacadh sa chogadh sin, Proinsias Ó Riain ina measc.
I ndiaidh na 1940idí, d'éirigh sé as an bpolaitíocht de réir a chéile, agus chaith sé a dhúthracht lena chuid oibreacha liteartha. Bhí sé ina eagarthóir ar The Bell sna blianta 1946-54.
Bhí aithne phearsanta aige ar Shéamus Ó Grianna agus ar Sheosamh Mac Grianna. Ba é Seosamh a d'aistrigh dhá leabhar leis go Gaeilge. Bhí an teanga ag an Dálach féin, cé nár bhain sé úsáid liteartha aisti.
Neamhfhicsean

Is éard atá i neamhfhicsean na téacs ar bith a chuireann an t-údar i láthair mar insint fhírinneach, .i. bunaithe ar fhíricí seachas ar a s(h)amhlaíocht.
Beathaisnéis, dírbheathaisnéis, litríocht thaistil, aistí, leabhair staire agus leabhair oideachasúla cuid de na réimsí is coitianta sa neamhfhicsean.
Cumann Buan-Choimeádtha na Gaedhilge

Bunaíodh Cumann Buan-Choimeádtha na Gaedhilge nó an Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language i mBaile Átha Cliath ar an 29 Nollaig 1876. D’eascair an Cumann as athbheochan na Gaeilge ag deireadh an 19ú céad, tráth a raibh baol ann go bhfaigheadh an Ghaeilge bás.
I measc na mbunaitheoirí, bhí Brian Ó Luanaigh (1828–1901), Seán Aibhistín De Grás (1800–1886), Seóirse Sigerson (1836 - 1925) agus Thomas O'Neill Russell. Bhí Ard-Easpag Thuama, Seán Mac Éil (1789 – 1881) ina phátrún air.
Chuir an Cumann caomhnú na teanga chun cinn i gceantair ina raibh an Ghaeilge á labhairt, agus é ag iarraidh dul i bhfeidhm ar an oiread daoine agus ab fhéidir, le súil is go méadófaí an líon daoine a bhí inniúil ar an teanga.
Chuir lucht an Chumainn béim ar Ghaeilge chomhaimseartha a úsáid, murab ionann agus na modhanna ársa a chleacht roinnt dreamanna eile.
Scríobh Dubhghlas de hÍde sa bhliain 1937;
Bhí Cumann Buan-Choimeádta na Gaeilge ar na chéad dreamanna a rinne éileamh ar na Coimisinéirí go mbeadh an Ghaeilge ina hábhar aitheanta ag an gcóras oideachais.
I dtús na bliana 1878, thosaigh an Cumann ar a bhfeachtas chun aitheantas a bhaint amach don Ghaeilge mar ábhar breise sna Scoileanna Náisiúnta. Thagair an Cumann don mhéid a bhí le rá ag P. J. Kennan, Coimisinéir Oideachais sa 22ú tuairisc bhliantúil a d’fhoilsigh na Coimisinéirí Oideachais:
Lean an Cumann ag áiteamh ar na Coimisinéirí Oideachais go raibh sé riachtanach aitheantas a thabhairt don Ghaeilge agus go raibh sé de cheart ag Éireannaigh go mbeadh oideachas ar fáil dá gcuid páistí ina dteanga dhúchais féin. Mar thoradh ar fheachtas láidir an Chumainn, glacadh leis in 1878 go mbeadh cead an Ghaeilge a mhúineadh mar ábhar breise taobh amuigh de ghnáthuaireanta teagaisc na scoile do pháistí i rang 5 agus 6.
Mar sin, leag an t-eagras bunchloch na hAthbheochana i measc an phobail agus sa státchóras go háirithe. D’éirigh le Cumann Buan-Choimeádta na Gaeilge aitheantas a ghnóthú don Ghaeilge ar gach leibhéal den chóras oideachais ón mbunscolaíocht go dtí an ollscolaíocht. Ag an am céanna, bhí easpa éifeachta ag baint leis na bunaitheoirí, agus fíorbheagán Gaeilge acu.
Sa bhliain 1878, d’fhág na hoibrithe ba dhíograisí Cumann Buanchoimeádta na Gaeilge chun Aontacht na Gaeilge a bhunú, mar shampla Dáithí Coimín (1854–1907). Ba é a d’ullmhaigh an tsraith de théacsleabhair bheaga shimplí do Chumann Buanchoimeádta na Gaeilge, in ainneoin nach raibh eolas na teanga labhartha aige.
Ansin sa bhliain 1893, bhunaigh Dubhghlas de hÍde, Eoin Mac Néill, an tAthair Eoghan Ó Gramhnaigh, agus daoine eile, Conradh na Gaeilge.
James Baldwin

Bhí James Arthur Baldwin (2 Lúnasa 1924 – 1 Nollaig 1987) ina úrscéalaí, drámadóir, tráchtóir agus fheachtasóir Mheiriceánach.
Pléann aistí Baldwin, mar shampla Notes of a Native Son (1955), cúrsaí cine, gnéas agus aicme san Iarthar, i lár an fichiú haois, go háirithe sna Stáit Aontaithe agus an chaoi a chruthaigh na cúrsaí seo deachrachtaí don phobal gorm den chuid is mó.
Rugadh Baldwin ar an dara lá de Lúnasa, 1924 in Harlem, Manhattan, Nua Eabhrach. D'fhreastal sé ar DeWitt Clinton High School agus The New School. Bhí Baldwin aerach. Níor phós sé riamh agus ní raibh clann air. D'éag Baldwin ar an chéad lá de Nollaig, 1987 in Saint-Paul de Vence, France, in aois 63 bliana dó, de bharr ailse esofagais.
History of education in Ireland

In medieval Gaelic Ireland, centres of learning were monasteries and bardic schools.
The first state-funded educational institutions in Ireland were Church of Ireland diocesan schools established in the 16th century. The first printing press in Ireland was established in 1551, the first Irish-language book was printed in 1571 and Trinity College Dublin was established in 1592.
The Education Act 1695 prohibited Irish Catholics from running Catholic schools in Ireland or seeking a Catholic education abroad, until its repeal in 1782. As a result, highly informal secret operations that met in private homes were established, called "hedge schools." Historians generally agree that hedge schools provided a kind of schooling, occasionally at a high level, for up to 400,000 students in 9,000 schools, by the mid-1820s. J. R. R. Adams says the hedge schools testified "to the strong desire of ordinary Irish people to see their children receive some sort of education." Antonia McManus argues that there "can be little doubt that Irish parents set a high value on a Hedge school education and made enormous sacrifices to secure it for their children....[the Hedge schoolteacher was] one of their own". The 1782 repeal of the 1695 penal laws had made the Hedge schools legal, although still not in receipt of funding from the Parliament of Ireland.
Formal schools for Catholics under trained teachers began to appear after 1800. Edmund Ignatius Rice (1762-1844) founded two religious institutes of religious brothers: the Congregation of Christian Brothers and the Presentation Brothers. They opened numerous schools, which were visible, legal, and standardised. Discipline was notably strict.
From 1811, the Society for the Promotion of the Education of the Poor of Ireland (Kildare Place Society, which evolved into the Church of Ireland College of Education), started to established a nationwide network of non-profit, non-denominational schools, in part funded through the production and sales of textbooks. By 1831, they were operating 1,621 primary schools, and educating approximately 140,000 pupils.
In 1831, the Stanley letter led to the establishment of the Board of National Education and the National School system using public money. The UK Government appointed the commissioner of national education whose task was to assist in funding primary school construction, teacher training, the producing of textbooks, and funding of teachers.
Hedge schools declined after 1831 as the Catholic bishops preferred this, as the new schools would be largely under the control of the Catholic Church and allow better control of the teaching of Catholic doctrine.
Since the Partition of Ireland, the systems in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland have diverged
My Left Foot (book)

My Left Foot is the 1954 autobiography of Christy Brown, who was born with cerebral palsy on 5 June 1932 in Dublin, Ireland. As one of 13 surviving children, Brown went on to be an author, painter and poet.
Brown begins his book by telling the reader about his early childhood. When he was four months old, Brown's mother was the first to notice that there was something wrong with his health. He could not hold his head upright or control his body movements. After seeking medical advice, the family's worst fears were confirmed: Christy was physically disabled and had an incurable disability called cerebral palsy. His family, besides his mother, thought he was an idiot. They told his mother to give up.
Although the doctors did not believe in Brown's mental intelligence, his mother did not lose faith in her son and supported him as a full member of the family.
A transforming moment occurs in the young boy's life that proves him to be intelligent. He discovers that he can control his left foot and toes. At the age of five, he snatches a piece of yellow chalk from his sister with his left foot. He marks the letter "A" on the floor with his foot and the help of his mother. He had wanted to make what he described as, "a wild sort of scribble with it on the slate". It is from this incident that the book received its title. In this moment, Brown had found a way to express himself since he could not speak.
Throughout his childhood, Brown played with local children and with his siblings, assisted by a small cart that he called "Henry". As time went on, he became more introverted, as he began to realize that his disability made him different from his family and friends and impeded his enjoyment of life. Through this struggle, he discovered his creative and artistic talents, becoming devoted to literature, writing and painting. He used his left foot to carry out these tasks.
At the age of 18, Brown went to Lourdes in France. Here, he met individuals whose disabilities were even worse than his. For the first time in his life, he began to experience energy and hope. He also began to accept himself as the person he was, and do the best with what he had. He started a new treatment for cerebral palsy, which led to the improvement of his speech and physical condition.
In his teenage years, he met the Irish doctor Robert Collis. Collis had established a clinic for cerebral palsy patients and Brown was his first patient at this clinic. Collis was also a noted author, and guided Brown on how to write. This too involved a kind of therapy of intensive practice and exercises. Collis was involved in the two first drafts of this book and its final version.
The autobiography makes reference to its own creation. The final pages tell of Collis reading the first chapter of the book to the audience at a fundraising event. The chapter was warmly received by those in attendance.
My Left Foot, the Academy Award-winning Daniel Day-Lewis starred as Christy while Brenda Fricker played Brown's mother.
Surprised by Joy

Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life is a partial autobiography published by C. S. Lewis in 1955. The work describes Lewis's life from very early childhood (born 1898) until his conversion to Christianity in 1931, but does not go beyond that date.
The title comes from William Wordsworth's poem "Surprised by Joy".
Lewis' purpose in writing was not primarily historical. His aim was instead to identify and describe the events surrounding his accidental discovery of and consequent search for the phenomenon he labeled "Joy", his best translation of the idea of (German) Sehnsucht. This Joy was so intense for something so good and so high up it could not be explained with words. He is struck with "stabs of joy" throughout his life. "Joy is distinct not only from pleasure in general but even from aesthetic pleasure. It must have the stab, the pang, the inconsolable longing."
Overall, the book contains less detail concerning specific events than a typical autobiography, although it is not devoid of information about his life. Lewis recounts and remembers his early years with a measure of amusement sometimes mixed with pain. However, while he does describe his life, the principal theme of the book is Joy as he defined it for his own purpose.
Lewis ultimately discovers the true nature and purpose of Joy and its place in his own life. The book's last two chapters cover the end of his search as he makes the leap from atheism to theism and then from theism to Christianity and, as a result, he realizes that Joy is like a "signpost" to those lost in the woods, pointing the way, and that its appearance is not as important "when we have found the road and are passing signposts every few miles."
Contrary to assumptions, the title of Surprised by Joy had not been conceived as a tribute to the American poet and writer Joy Gresham, although Gresham had come into Lewis's life during the course of the book's writing and had assisted in editing its final draft. After Joy became Lewis' unexpected wife two years after the memoir's publication. several of Lewis's friends and contemporaries were quick to notice the coincidence, frequently remarking that Lewis had really been "Surprised by Joy".
Wheels Within Wheels: Autobiography

Wheels Within Wheels: Autobiography is Irish cyclist and travel writer Dervla Murphy's autobiographical book. It was first published in 1979 by John Murray, and reprinted by Eland Books in 2010 with the subtitle The Makings of a Traveller.
The book describes the first thirty years of Murphy's life, before the journey described in her first book, Full Tilt. Murphy writes:
Dead Meat (film)

Dead Meat is a 2004 Irish zombie film written and directed by Conor McMahon, starring Spanish theatre actress Marian Araujo and veteran Irish actor Eoin Whelan.
An outbreak of a mutant strain of mad cow disease infects the Irish countryside, turning people into ravenous, flesh-eating zombies. Caught amid this chaos are a young Spanish tourist and the local gravedigger. Together, this unlikely duo must fight for survival.
Dan Ewing, of Australian soap opera Home and Away had an extra role as a castle zombie.
Dead Meat was filmed in and around the village of Leitrim, County Leitrim, Ireland.
According to the "making of..." featurette included in the US DVD release, the film was greenlighted under a new funding scheme from the Irish Film Board called "Microbudget Films", targeted at frugal independent filmmakers. Dead Meat was the first microbudget film to receive a release. To cut costs, the crew used many donated sets, filmmakers' personal vehicles and recruited volunteer extras at the local pub. Dead Meat received video distribution by Revolver Entertainment in the UK and Fangoria Entertainment in the US.
David Muyllaert, who played heroic gravedigger Desmond in Dead Meat, also sang lead on the film's title song, the punk-metal-ish "Dead Meat".
The score was composed by John Gillooley.
Dennis Harvey of Variety wrote, "A rural Irish setting and mad cow disease plot hook do surprisingly little to distinguish fast-moving but routine zombie flick". Beyond Hollywood called it "one of the best zombie movies, regardless of budget, to come out in recent years". Writing in The Zombie Movie Encyclopedia: Volume 2, academic Peter Dendle said, "A few unexpected twists and a lot gorgeous scenery distinguish this otherwise straightforward B-zed flick from Ireland."
Chiavari chair

The Chiavari chair, also known as the Chiavarina, or Tiffany chair, is a wooden chair of Ligurian design.
The Chiavarina was created in 1807 by a cabinetmaker from Chiavari on the northwestern Italian coast, Giuseppe Gaetano Descalzi. At the invitation of the President of the Economic Society of Chiavari, the Marquis Stefano Rivarola, Descalzi reworked some chairs in the French Empire style, simplifying the decorative elements and lightening the structural elements.
The chair was a success and soon many factories opened in Chiavari and surrounding towns. When Gaetano Descalzi died in 1855, about 600 workers were making Chiavari chairs. The chair was praised by Charles Albert of Savoy, Napoleon III, and by the sculptor Antonio Canova.
The success of the Chiavarina declined following the introduction of the Austrian chairs of Michael Thonet which were mass-produced, less expensive, and consisting of few elements easily assembled, and in the second half of the twentieth century, following competition from industrial production. The architect and designer Gio Ponti was inspired by the structural system of the Chiavari chair for his Superleggera chair of 1955.
The chair is designed with each component made for the specific stresses it will carry. Descalzi designed a slot system for the construction and a system to tie the strips of the purple willow which form the seat of the chair directly to the frame.
The timbers originally used by Descalzi were wild cherry and maple, which were added to beech and ash, all of them from inland forests in Italy.
List of narrative techniques

A narrative technique (also, in fiction, a fictional device) is any of several storytelling methods the creator of a story uses, thus effectively relaying information to the audience or making the story more complete, complex, or engaging. Some scholars also call such a technique a narrative mode, though this term can also more narrowly refer to the particular technique of using a commentary to deliver a story. Other possible synonyms within written narratives are literary technique or literary device, though these can also broadly refer to non-narrative writing strategies, as might be used in academic or essay writing, as well as poetic devices such as assonance, metre, or rhyme scheme. Furthermore, narrative techniques are distinguished from narrative elements, which exist inherently in all works of narrative, rather than being merely optional strategies.
اج آکھاں وارث شاہ نوں

اج آکھاں وارث شاہ نوں (پنجابی زبان: ਅੱਜ ਆਖਾਂ ਵਾਰਸ ਸ਼ਾਹ ਨੂੰ) ایک معروف بین ہے جو مشہور پنجابی مصنفہ اور شاعرہ امرتا پریتم (1919–2005) نے خطۂ پنجاب میں 1947ء کی تقسیم ہند تقسیم کی ہولناکیوں کے بارے میں لکھا۔ نظم امرتا پریتم نے ہجرت کے وقت ریل گاڑی میں لکھی تھی اس کا ذکر انھوں نے اپنی آپ بیتی رسیدی ٹکٹ میں کیا ہے۔ یہ نظم تاریخی پنجابی شاعر وارث شاہ (1722–1798 عیسوی) سے خطاب کرتی ہے، جنھوں نے پنجابی محبت کی سب سے مقبول داستان، ہیر رانجھا لکھی۔ نظم مین وارث شاہ سے درخواست کی جا رہی ہے کہ وہ اپنی قبر سے بولیں، پنجاب کے اس نئے سانحے کو اپنے دردمند دل سے لکھیں اور تاریخ میں اس واقعے کو بھی محفوظ کریں۔ نظم ان جدید ہندوستانی نظموں میں شامل ہے جنھیں سب سے زیادہ پڑھا گیا ہے۔
امرتا پریتم کا تعلق موجودہ پاکستان کے علاقے گوجرنوالہ سے تھا، وارث شاہ کا تعلق بھی اسی شہر سے تھا۔ 1947ء میں پنجاب دو حصوں میں بٹ گیا تھا، جس کے بعد دونوں طرف سے ہجرت شروع ہوئی، اس میں فسادات شروع ہو گئے، جن میں ہزاروں انسانی جانیں گیئں۔ امرتا پریتم نے بھی بذریعہ ٹرین پاکستان سے ہجرت کی اور ان فسارات کا گہرا ثر قبول کیا۔ یہ نظم انھوں نے اسی سفر کے دوران میں لکھی۔ امرتا پریتم کے سائیکی پر پنجاب کی تقسیم کا زخم انتہائی گہرا تھا اور یہ اُن کی نوجوانی کی نظموں سے لے کر پُختہ عمری کی فکشن تک اُن کے ذہن پر مسلط رہا۔
اس نظم کا ابتدائی بند -
یہ نظم بھارتی پنجاب اور پاکستانی پنجاب دونوں جگہ بہت مشہور ہوئی۔ یہ پاکستانی پنجابی فلم کرتار سنگھ میں بھی شامل کی گئی، جسے عنایت حسین بھٹی نے گایا۔ لاہور آرٹس کونسل اور صوفی تبسم آرٹ اکیڈمی کے زیر اہتمام ڈراما ’’اج آکھاں وارث شاہ نوں‘‘ الحمرا ہال نمبر 2 میں پیش کیا گیا۔ اس کے مصنف پروفیسر صوفی نثار احمد تھے اور ہدایات و پیش کش آغا شاہد اور ڈاکٹر فوزیہ تبسم نے دیں۔ ڈراما 4 روز تک جاری رہا۔ فنکاروں میں علی شان، حرا، دانیال، پونم ناز، فخرالزمان، بینش، نرگس، عادل لاہوری، زبیربھٹہ، عبد اللہ اور علی پاشا شامل تھے۔
پاکستانی بینڈ میکال حسن بینڈ نے اپنے دو البم سمپورن اور سپتاک میں 7 منٹ 27 سیکنڈ کا گانا وارث شاہ شامل کیا ہے، یہ گانا جاوید بشیر نے گایا ہے۔ بینڈ نے اس گانے کا ایک انیمیٹڈ نسخہ جاری کیا ہے جس کی ہدایات ذیشان پرویز نے دی ہیں۔
گاڑیوں کی دوڑ

گاڑیوں کی دوڑ گاڑیاں دوڑانے کے مقابلہ کا ایک کھیل ہے۔ دنیا کے دیگر تمام کھیلوں سے زیادہ اس کھیل کو بعید نما پر دیکھے جانے کا اعزاز حاصل ہے ۔
پاکستان کی گاڑیوں کی رجسٹریشن پلیٹ نمبرز

پاکستان کی گاڑیوں کی رجسٹریشن پلیٹیں صوبائی یا علاقائی حکومت کی ایجنسی کے ذریعے جاری کی جاتی ہیں۔ تمام گاڑیوں کی رجسٹریشن پلیٹیں لاطینی حروف تہجی کا استعمال کرتی ہیں۔ پلیٹیں مختلف رنگوں اور مخصوص علامتوں کی بھی ہوتی ہیں۔ پاکستان میں ہر گاڑی کا ای
ک منفرد رجسٹریشن پلیٹ نمبر ہوتا ہے۔
گاڑیوں کی رجسٹریشن پلیٹ نمبر عام طور پر اوپری ترتیب میں تفویض کیے جاتے ہیں، جس کا آغاز نقطہ آغاز جیسے AAA-001 سے ہوتا ہے۔ اس طرح، ترتیب سے واقف کوئی شخص اس بات کا اندازہ لگا سکتا ہے کہ گاڑی کی رجسٹریشن پلیٹ کب جاری کی گئی تھی۔ صوبے اپنی گاڑیوں کی رجسٹریشن پلیٹوں کو مخصوص رنگ سکیموں اور لوگو کے ذریعے الگ کرتے ہیں۔ مثال کے طور پر، داتورا میٹل کا پھول 2007ء سے پنجاب کی ہر پلیٹ پر نمودار ہوا ہے۔ سندھ میں، پلیٹوں میں طویل عرصے سے ایک مخصوص پیلے رنگ کے پس منظر کے ساتھ صوبائی کوٹ آف آرمز نمایاں ہیں۔ اسلام آباد کیپٹل ٹیریٹری نے حال ہی میں فیصل مسجد کے پس منظر میں ایک نئی پلیٹ جاری کی۔ عام طور پررجسٹریشن نمبر ابھرا ہوا ہے۔ شناخت کرنے والی دیگر معلومات جیسے جاری کرنے والے کا نام اور گاڑی کی کلاس وغیرہ ابھری ہوئی ہو سکتی ہے۔
حکومت پاکستان نے اپنی تمام مسافر گاڑیوں کی رجسٹریشن پلیٹوں کا سائز چھ انچ اونچائی اور چوڑائی بارہ انچ مقرر کی ہے، حالانکہ یہ اعداد و شمار دائرہ اختیار کے لحاظ سے قدرے مختلف ہو سکتے ہیں۔ چھوٹے سائز کی پلیٹیں موٹر سائیکلوں، سکوٹروں اور رکشوں کے لیے استعمال ہوتی ہیں۔
ہر صوبے اور علاقے کا اپنا گاڑی کی رجسٹریشن پلیٹ ڈیزائن ہے۔
فہرست بھارتی ریاستیں بلحاظ گاڑیوں کی تعداد

یہ فہرست بھارتی ریاستیں بلحاظ گاڑیوں کی تعداد (Indian states ranked by number of vehicles) ہے۔ اس کے اعداد و شمار 2011-2012 کے مطابق ہیں۔
Driving licence in Albania

In Albania, the driving licence (Albanian: Leje Drejtimi) is the official document which authorizes an individual to drive a motor vehicle: motorbike, car, truck or bus. This driving permit can be obtained only after the successful passing of the theoretical exam on road code knowledge followed by the practical exam which tests an individual's on the road driving skills. The license is issued by the General Directorate of Road Transport Services.
The physical characteristics of the driving licence are in conformity with the ISO 7810 and ISO 7816-1 standards. The card is made of a polycarbonate material. It has the following dimensions:
The validity of driving licences for categories A1, A2, A, B1, B and BE is limited to 15 years. The validity of driving licences for categories C1, C1E, C, CE, D1, D1E, D, DE is limited to 5 years. A medical test is required for renewal after the expiration of the validity term.
Karachi to Melbourne Tram

The Karachi to Melbourne tram or the W-11 tram is a retired Z class tram Z1 81 decorated by a team of professional Pakistani vehicle decorators, commissioned by the City of Melbourne for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
The name is based on the W-11 buses originally found in Karachi, Pakistan, which are a model of minibus famous for their entertainment value: decorated with lush designs and playing popular Pakistani or Indian music. Competition between buses has made these buses famous for their extravagant designs and entertainment.
As a showcase of Pakistani culture, Z class tram Z1 81 was commissioned for the Commonwealth Games, and a team of W-11 decorators were invited to decorate the tram at Preston Workshops. For the duration of the games it operated on the City Circle, playing Bhangra and Pakistani music. It returned to service in the summer of 2006/07 operating Friday night City Circle services.
It is currently on permanent display at the Melbourne Tram Museum at Hawthorn depot since June 2015.
Media related to Karachi to Melbourne tram at Wikimedia Commons
Dekotora

Dekotora or decotora (デコトラ, dekotora), an abbreviation for "decoration truck", are a style of decorated trucks in Japan. Commonly featuring neon, LED or ultraviolet lights, detailed paintjobs and murals, and stainless steel or golden parts (both on the exterior and the interior), dekotora may be created by workers out of their work trucks for fun, or they may be designed by hobbyists for special events. They are sometimes also referred to as art trucks (アートトラック), ātotorakku)).
In 1975, Toei released the first in a series of 10 movies called Torakku Yarō (Truck Guys). These films featured truckers who drove garishly decorated trucks around Japan. This movie was a hit with both old and young, and the dekotora fad swept the country. While dekotora were present throughout the 1970s, they were restricted to north-eastern fishing transport trucks prior to the movies. In those days, ready-made parts for trucks were not easily available, so these trucks took parts from sightseeing buses or American military vehicles.
The art form is associated with Japan's underbelly, as modified vehicles cannot pass the biennial safety inspection known as shaken. Therefore dekotora operators are assumed to use grey-market certificate issuers.
Since the late 1990s, dekotora have been heavily influenced by the art of Gundam. Other decorations are more akin to modern art and retro designs that closely resemble those found in the movie.
حبیب عجمی

حبیب عجمی یا حبیب فارسی کے نام سے مشہور ہیں جو حضرت حسن کے مرید تھے اور پہلی صدی ہجری کے مشائخ تصوف میں شمار ہوتے ہیں آپ کی ولادت فارس میں ہوئی کنیت ابو محمد تھی شروع میں بڑے مالدار اور سودی کاروبار کرتےحسن بصری کے ہاتھ پر توبہ کی اور سارا مال راہ خدا میں خرچ کر دیا
ہشام بن عبد الملک کے عہد میں3 ربیع الآخر 156ھ بمطابق یکم مارچ 773ء میں وصال ہوا اور بصرہ میں مدفون ہوئے۔
حضرت سیدنا حبیب عجمی کے دروازے پر ایک سائل نے صدا لگائی، آپ کی زوجہ محترمہ گندھا ہوا آٹا رکھ کر پڑوس سے آگ لینے گئی تھیں تا کہ روٹی پکائیں۔ آپ نے وہی آٹا اٹھا کر سائل کو دے دیا، جب وہ آگ لے کر آئیں تو آٹا ندارد (یعنی غائب) آپ نے فرمایا: اسے روٹی پکانے کے لیے لے گئے ہیں، بہت پوچھا تو آپ نے خیرات کر دینے کا واقعہ بتایا وہ بولیں: سبحان اللہ عزوجل! یہ تو اچھی بات ہے مگر ہمیں بھی تو کچھ کھانے کے لیے درکار ہے! اتنے میں ایک شَخص ایک بڑی لگن میں بھر کرگوشت اور روٹی لے آیا۔ آپ نے فرمایا: دیکھو تمھیں کس قدر جلد لوٹا دیا گیا، گویا روٹی بھی پکا دی اور گوشت کا سالن مزید بھیج دیا!
حضرت خواجہ ابو نصر حبیب عجمی
سجی

سجی ایک پکوان ہے جو زیادہ تر بلوچستان میں پکایا جاتا ہے۔ اس کا رواج روایتی طور پر بلوچستان میں ہوتا ہے۔ سجی بلوچ ثقافت کا ایک اہم پکوان ہے۔ سجّی بھیڑ یا بکری کے گوشت سے تیار کی جاتی ہے اور اس کے لیے فربہ جانوروں کا انتخاب کیا جاتا ہے کیونکہ کہا جاتا ہے کہ جانور جتنا فربہ ہوتا ہے اس کی سجی بھی اتنی لذیز ہوتی ہے۔
اس ڈش کی تیاری کے لیے ران، دستی اور پٹھ (کمر کے پچھلے حصے) کا گوشت استعمال کیا جاتا ہے اور گوشت کو نمک لگانے کے بعد لکڑی یا لوہے کی سلاخ میں پرو کر آگ کے قریب رکھ دیا جاتا ہے۔
سجّی کھلی جگہ کے علاوہ تندور کے اندر بھی تیار کی جاتی ہے جہاں انگارے سلگا کر لکڑی یا لوہے کی سلاخ میں پِروئے گئے گوشت کو تندور کے اندر رکھ کر تندور کا منہ اچھی طرح بند کر دیا جاتا ہے ۔
اس کی تیاری میں ڈھائی سے تین گھنٹے لگتے ہیں اور اس دوران آگ کی تپش سے گوشت سے اٹھنے والی خوشبو کھانے والوں کی بھوک دوچند کر دیتی ہے۔ تیاری کے بعد اسے پسند کے مطابق امچور یا کالی مرچ لگا کر کھایا جاتا ہے۔
سماجی حقیقت پسندی

سماجی حقیقت پسندی ایک اصطلاح ہے جو مصوروں، پرنٹ سازوں، فوٹوگرافروں، مصنفین اور فلم سازوں کی تخلیقات کے لیے استعمال ہوتی ہے جن کا مقصد محنت کش طبقے کی حقیقی سماجی و سیاسی حالات کی طرف توجہ مبذول کرانا ہے تاکہ ان حالات کے پیچھے طاقت کے ساخت پر تنقید کی جا سکے۔ اگرچہ تحریک کی خصوصیات مختلف قوموں میں مختلف ہوتی ہیں، لیکن یہ تقریباً ہمیشہ وضاحتی یا تنقیدی حقیقت پسندی کی ایک شکل کا استعمال کرتی ہے۔ اپنی بنیادیں یورپی حقیقت پسندی پر رکھتے ہوئے سماجی حقیقت پسندی کا مقصد ایک جابر، تسلط پسند قوت اور اس کے متاثرین کے درمیان تناؤ کو ظاہر کرنا ہے۔
Amna Riaz

Amna Riaz (Urdu: آمنہ ریاض; born 17 August 1990) is a Pakistani YouTuber and food expert who is known for her channel Kitchen with Amna. She is the first Pakistani woman to receive a Gold Play Button.
Riaz started her channel in 2016 and subsequently uploaded her first video as a test. Riaz teaches beginners complex Pakistani dishes in short and simple videos.
Riaz was born in Lahore, Pakistan.
Amna Riaz has four siblings, two brothers and two sisters. She married Umair Zafar in 2020. She had a daughter in 2021 named Ayat Umair.
Murder of Naina Sahni

Naina Sahni was the victim of the 1995 tandoor murder case. On 2 July 1995, 29-year-old Sahni was killed by her husband Sushil Sharma, an Indian National Congress youth leader. Sushil Sharma was convicted for the murder by the Trial Court, Delhi High Court and Supreme Court. In October 2013, Sharma's death penalty was commuted to life imprisonment by the Supreme Court.
Sushil Sharma objected to his wife Naina Sahni's friendship with Matloob Karim. Matloob and Naina were classmates and fellow Congress workers. Sushil suspected Naina of having an extramarital relationship with Matloob. On the night of 2 July 1995, Sushil came home and saw Naina talking on the phone and consuming alcohol. Naina, on seeing Sushil, hung up. Sushil redialed the phone to find Matloob on the other end. Enraged, he fatally shot Naina. He took the body to a restaurant named Bagiya and tried to dispose it off with the restaurant manager, Keshav Kumar. The body was put in a tandoor (clay oven) to burn. Police arrested Keshav Kumar but Sharma managed to flee. He surrendered on 10 July 1995. The case also involved the use of DNA evidence to establish the identity of the victim.
The first autopsy was conducted at the Lady Hardinge Medical College and the cause of death was opined to be burn injuries. The second autopsy was ordered by the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi, and was conducted by a team of three doctors from three different hospitals headed by T. D. Dogra. They detected two bullets in the head and neck region, opined that the cause of death was due to firearm injuries. With that, the course of investigation changed and the actual story came to light. This case is a landmark citation for a fruitful second autopsy. Delhi Police investigated the case and filed a charge sheet on 27 July 1995 in a Sessions Court. On 7 November 2003, Sushil Sharma was sentenced to death and the restaurant manager, Keshav Kumar, was given seven years rigorous imprisonment.
Sharma appealed against the District Court Judgement in the Delhi High Court. The Court upheld the lower court's decision. In 2003, a city court sentenced him to death sentence, which was later upheld by the Delhi High Court in 2007. In 2013, the SC commuted his death sentence stating that there was "no evidence" of Sharma chopping his wife's body. On 8 October 2013, a three-judge bench of Chief Justice P. Sathasivam and Justices Ranjana Desai and Ranjan Gogoi of the Supreme Court upheld Sharma's conviction. However, the court commuted his death sentence to life imprisonment because Sharma doesn't have a criminal antecedent and it is not a crime against society, but it is a crime committed by the accused due to a strained personal relationship with his wife.
On 21 December 2018, Delhi High Court ordered the immediate release of Sushil Sharma. He walked out of jail in December 2018. He had spent nearly 23 years there.
Barbari bread

Barbari bread (Persian: نان بربری, romanized: nân-e barbari) is a type of Iranian yeast leavened flatbread. It is one of the thickest flat breads and is commonly topped with sesame or black caraway seeds. A notable characteristic of the bread is its top skin that is similar to pretzels or lye roll's skin due to the Maillard reaction that occurs during baking. Before baking it is glazed with a mixture of baking soda, flour and water. It is widely known as Persian flatbread in United States and Canada.
Barbari bread traces back to the Qajar era. It apparently takes its name from a community of people called Barbars which was settled around Teheran during the 19th century.
During the Qajar dynasty, a large number of Hazaras immigrated to Khorasan province. The Hazaras of Khorasan province were known by the name Barbar until the Pahlavi period. While the term "Barbari" for this tribe was replaced by "Khavari" by royal edict of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the bread itself kept its title and is now commonly known as "nān-e barbari" in Iran.
The bread is still referred to as nān-e barbari in Iran while Hazaras refer to it as nān-e tanūri ("tandoor [tandir] bread"). It is popular among Iranian Azerbaijanis.
The bread is usually 70 cm to 80 cm long, and 25 cm to 30 cm wide. It is the most common style baked in Iran. It is served in many restaurants with Lighvan cheese, a ewe's milk cheese similar to feta cheese.
Премьер-министр (группа)

«Премьер-министр» — российская поп-группа, образованная в 1997 году. Группа представляла Россию на конкурсе песни «Евровидение-2002» и заняла 10 место.
Группа была создана продюсером Евгением Фридляндом. В 1998 году был заключён договор на запись пяти альбомов в течение семи лет. В первоначальный состав вошли:
В 1999 году был выпущен дебютный альбом — «Грязные танцы».
В ноябре 2001 года Ланской покинул группу, и на его место пришёл Марат Чанышев (родился 25 марта 1975 года в Москве), победитель конкурса «Утренняя звезда» (1991).
В 2001 году группа выпустила песню «Два бриллианта», в этом же году на неё был выпущен клип.
В 2002 году группа представляла Россию на «Евровидении» с песней «Northern Girl» и заняла 10-е место с 55 баллами. В том же году вышел альбом «Девочка с севера», названный по русскоязычной версии песни «Northern Girl», за которую группа получила премию «Золотой граммофон».
Заместитель начальника РУ ФСБ по Тюменской области Александр Петрушин утверждает, что две известных песни группы связаны с реальными событиями в регионе.
В 2005 году из группы был уволен Питер Джейсон, вместо которого был взят Тарас Демчук (родился 18 декабря 1979 года). Эта перемена послужила причиной конфликта, в результате которого остальные участники группы начали работать самостоятельно (к ним присоединился и Пит Джейсон). Поскольку бренд «Премьер-министр» им не принадлежал (солисты проиграли продюсеру в суде), они были вынуждены взять себе новое название: «группа ПМ». Кроме того, новая группа не имела права исполнять песни «Премьер-министра».
Продюсер Евгений Фридлянд набрал новый состав группы «Премьер-министр», в котором остался Демчук. В последующие годы ни обновлённый «Премьер-министр», ни «группа ПМ» не смогли достичь популярности первого состава коллектива.
В начале 2014 года один из участников «Группы ПМ», Вячеслав Бодолика, покинул группу и получил гражданство Испании, а остальные — Питер, Жан и Марат — решили вернуться к Фридлянду (без изменения названия). В 2020 году Жан покинул группу и занялся сольной карьерой. В 2022 году появилась информация, что уйти из группы и заняться сольной карьерой намерен и Марат Чанышев.
В 2023 году группа распалась.
Евровидение-2026

Конкурс песни «Евровидение-2026» (англ. Eurovision Song Contest 2026; фр. Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2026; нем. Eurovision Liedwettbewerb 2026; итал. Concorso Eurovisione della Canzone 2026;) — предстоящий юбилейный 70-й конкурс песни «Евровидение», который, пройдёт в стране-победительнице по результатам конкурса 2025 года в Базеле.
По состоянию на 7 апреля 2025 года, 3 страны подтвердили участие в конкурсе.
Для участия в конкурсе песни «Евровидение» требуется национальная вещательная компания с активным членством Европейского вещательного союза (ЕВС), которая сможет транслировать конкурс через сеть «Евровидение». ЕВС регулярно рассылает приглашения на участие в конкурсе всем активным членам.
Страны, приведённые ниже, принимали участие в конкурсе 2025 года, но ещё не подтвердили участие в конкурсе 2026 года:
Страны, ранее принимавшие участие в конкурсе, но не участвовавшие в конкурсе 2025 года и не подтвердившие своё участие в конкурсе 2026 года:
Каждая страна отдаёт два комплекта баллов (от 1 до 8, 10 и 12): один комплект от национального жюри, а другой — от телезрителей. В полуфиналах учитывается только зрительское голосование. В финале — 50 % жюри + 50 % телезрители. Также во всех трёх шоу зрители из не участвующих стран могут голосовать через специальную онлайн-платформу, и их голоса в сумме начисляются как один комплект баллов.
KAJ (comedy group)

KAJ (Finland Swedish: [kɑjː] ) are a music and comedy group from Vörå in Ostrobothnia, Finland. The group is part of the Finland-Swedish cultural sphere and primarily performs in Swedish with lyrics in the Vörå dialect. The group consists of Kevin Holmström, Axel Åhman, and Jakob Norrgård, whose first name initials form the band's name.
KAJ's music spans multiple genres, including pop (K-pop, latin), rock, rap, opera, disco, and schlager, often incorporating humor and satire. The group also has a satirical rockabilly alter ego called Vörjeans, which parodies raggare subcultures.
They are set to represent Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025 with the song "Bara bada bastu".
Axel Åhman and Jakob Norrgård first met through football in Vörå, where they became close friends. Later, Kevin Holmström got to know Axel when they met at a motocross track in Röukas, Vörå, where they helped push Axel's stalled Suzuki out of the woods. Kevin and Jakob met at a school disco in Maxmo, as they both had Axel as a mutual friend.
The trio later attended the same school, strengthening their friendship, and eventually formed KAJ in 2009.
KAJ has produced two musicals at Wasa Theatre: Gambämark (2018) and Botnia Paradise (2021).
In 2013, KAJ were the recipients of the inaugural Leif Sjöström [sv; fi] prize awarded by Harry Schaumans stiftelse [sv]. That same year, their song "Heimani i skick" won the award for Best Amateur Production in Film/TV/Video at the Finland-Swedish Nöjesgalan. In 2014, KAJ were awarded the Svenska Natten medal for their promotion of Finland Swedish dialects. In 2015, the group was awarded the title of Honorable Ostrobothnians of the Year. In 2021, KAJ won the Ostrobothnian distinction for Rural Face of the Year, awarded by Aktion Österbotten [fi] and Österbottens förbund [sv]. Following their Melodifestivalen win, KAJ were named the 2025 Sauna Promoter of the Year (Swedish: Årets bastufrämjare) by Svenska Bastuakademien [sv], which is set to be awarded on 14 June.
On 16 March 2025, KAJ's song "Bara bada bastu" reached number one on the Swedish radio chart Svensktoppen with 192 points, marking the group's first time topping the chart. The song also topped Digilistan on 22 March 2025, after three weeks on the chart, climbing from second place the previous week.
In 2025, KAJ participated in Sweden's Melodifestivalen 2025 with the song "Bara bada bastu", qualifying directly to the final. They eventually won the final with 164 points, and are scheduled to represent Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025 in Basel, Switzerland. The entry will be the first entry sung in Swedish sent by Sweden since 1998. The song reached extreme success globally, topping Spotify's global viral 50 chart. The last time an entry was sung in Swedish at the Eurovision Song Contest was in 2012, with Finland-Swedish singer Pernilla Karlsson representing Finland with När jag blundar. KAJ is said to have to change some of its lyrics according to Eurovision rules, because using the Finnish expletive perkele is prohibited.
The members of KAJ were born in three different municipalities which have since merged to form Vörå.
Dhakon

Dhakon, (Hanacaraka: ꦣꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ ) utawa congklak, iku dolanan kang nganggo piranti kayu, bisa uga saka tembaga utawa plastik kang luwih sedherhana, kang didèkèki ing lemah. Ing kana, isa dilegoki pitu, sanga, utawa sewelas legokan, lan digawé rong larik, terus ing pucuk kiwa tengen dhèwè-dhèwè panganggé ana legokan gedhè loro. Saliyané iku, butuh kecik cacahé padha karo legokan mau. Saumpama cacahé pitu, tegesé butuh kecik 7x7x2= 98, sangang legokan 9x9x2=162, yèn sewelas legokan 11x11x2=242.
Dhakon iku asal saka tèmbung dhaku olèh panambang -an. Dhaku tegesé ngakoni barang dhèwèké. Dadi, ing dolanan dhakon iku ancasé ngakoni barang duwèké dhéwé. Tumrap masarakat Jawa, lan bocah-bocah wadon ing taun 1970-an, dhakon pancèn wis ora asing. Dhakon kayu awujud ukiran akèh tinemu ing kraton. Pancèn, dolanan dhakon wis dadi favorit tumrap bocah-bocah, mliginé ing lingkungan kraton. Éman, déné bocah-bocah saiki wis akèh kang ora tepung lan kulina dolanan dhakon.
Ing Malaysia, dolanan iki kondhang kanthi jeneng congkak lan istilah iki uga dikenal ing sawatara tlatah ing Sumatra kanthi kabudayan Melayu. Saliyané iku, ing Lampung, dolanan iki kondhang kanthi jenneng dentuman lamban déné ing Sulawesi kondhang kanthi jeneng mokaotan, maggaleceng, aggalacang lan nogarata. Jeroning basa Inggris, dolanan iki karan mancala.
Situs Slumbung

Situs Slumbung ya iku situs arkéologis sing manggon ing Désa Slumbung, Gandusari, Blitar. Situs iki dumadi saka ambrolaning balé kuna sing bakalé saka watu andhèsit. Sajeroning ambrolané iku bisa ditilik watu candhi, watu dakon, watu gong, watu sing mèmper kaya pancuran banyu ingg candhi-candhi sing gunané kanggo ngilèkaké banyu, watu tulis, lan watu umpak. Ditilik saka tinggalané kira-kira Situs Slumbung dadi pusat piranti musik kuna ing jamané. Kronogram babagan Situs Slumbung nuduhaké angka taun 1246 Saka utawa 1324 Maséhi lan 1256 Saka utawa 1334 Maséhi. Ditilik saka sajarahé kira-kira situs iki saka jaman majapahit.