davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Carmelo Bridge

The Carmelo bridge is a swing bridge located over the Arroyo de las Vacas, near the city of Carmelo, Uruguay. Its turning mechanism is human-powered, which makes it the only one of its kind in Uruguay. It is considered to be the first swing bridge in South America.
The bridge was manufactured in Germany by MAN (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg). Its construction and assembly in Uruguay were under the supervision of engineers Juan T. Smith and Eduardo Chiappori.
At its inauguration on 1 May 1912 attended by national authorities as the senior officer of the Ministry of Public Works, Pedro C. Rodriguez, Senator Albin and deputies Joaquin C. Sanchez and Max Bélinzon, which came aboard the steamer Oyarvide.
In November 1951, during a storm, it suffered damage to its turning system, when it was hit by boats that were dragged by the current. The bridge had to be closed for repair work. During this time a temporary pontoon bridge was placed. The fix was finalized in April 1952, the swing bridge was rehabilitated for traffic, and the makeshift bridge was dismantled.
In 2012, the bridge was still used for heavy cargo transportation. It had to support a weight well above 5000 kg originally planned, which has caused a notable deterioration over time.
On its 100th anniversary, the bridge was visited by national and departmental authorities, such as President José Mujica, Minister of Transportation Enrique Pintado and the Mayor of Colonia del Sacramento, Walter Zimmer. The bridge was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1994.
In January 2016, the project for the construction of a new bridge over the Las Vacas stream was put out to tender. This new bridge, together with a route that allows bypassing the city, would absorb passing traffic, leaving the revolving bridge for local traffic.
On December 15, 2018, the bridge was hit by three boats dragged by water currents that pulled the 160-ton central span from its pivoting support and displaced it considerably. This forced it to be disabled for vehicle use. It was only in the first days of January 2019 that the circulation of light vehicles (cars and motorcycles) could be restored as the helmets that rested against the structure were able to move. On January 23, 2019 the last of the damaged vessels was removed, with additional repair work scheduled until the end of February 2019. It was finally restored to its original state, reopening on February 23, 2019, along with a new lighting.
It is a cantilevered iron bridge, on a central stone masonry support. It has a length of 88 m.
34°00′13″S 58°17′05″W﻿ / ﻿34.0037°S 58.28484°W﻿ / -34.0037; -58.28484
One-shot film

A one-shot film (also one-take film, single-take film, continuous shot feature film) is a full-length movie filmed in one long take by a single camera, or manufactured to give the impression it was.
In a 2019 article, discussing the award-winning film 1917 (2019), Eric Grode of The New York Times wrote that very long takes were becoming popular in more mainstream films "as a sobering reminder of temporality, a virtuosic calling card, a self-issued challenge or all of the above", also citing the Academy Award-winner from several years prior, Birdman (2014).
Grode notes that before such films as 1917 and Birdman, the idea of experimenting with long uninterrupted takes had a history of over 80 years, with Alfred Hitchcock being a pioneer. Aside from early experiments like Young and Innocent and Notorious, the most famous early example of a film that extensively uses long takes is the 1948 Rope, which was shot in mainly seven-to-ten–minute continuous takes (the physical limit of film stock at the time) that appear as four long takes of around 15 to 20 minutes each, close to the maximum length allowed by the cinema projectors of the time. Reportedly, James Stewart, star of Rope, did not like the long takes and apparently muttered on set that the cameras were more important than the actors. Hitchcock intended to shoot the film as if it were a play, and timed five of the ten segments to allow for hidden edits behind furniture; elaborate camera and actor choreography was used. He wrote Rope this way because he felt "if time passed between cuts, the suspense of whether the body was still in the trunk would be lost".
Grode also examines the 1958 film Touch of Evil as an example, though only its three-minute opening sequence is shot in real time. However, the use of a real time ticking bomb through the single shot is seen as a standard.
Although animated films are not included in a list of one-shot films, The Wolf House (2018) is a deconstructed example of (stop-motion) animated film that presented in a form of single, unbroken shot sequence.
Currents Bridge

The Currents Bridge (puente de las Corrientes in Spanish), is a tied-arch bridge that crosses the Lérez River in the city of Pontevedra, Spain. It was inaugurated in 2012 and connects Uruguay Avenue and Domingo Fontán Street.
The location of the bridge is known as The Currents (Las Corrientes), because this is where the waters of the Rons river meet those of the Lérez river and the ria of Pontevedra. Since 1989, the construction of a new bridge in this place of The Currents was planned to connect the two banks of the Lérez river. However, it was not until the beginning of the 21st century that this idea was taken up again to provide another exit from the city centre to the north and the beaches of the ria de Pontevedra and direct access to the AP-9 motorway,
In 2008, the city council organised an ideas competition to decide on the design of the new bridge. In the end, one of the proposals for an tied-arch bridge was chosen because it combined modernity and integration into the urban environment, as the 10-metre height of its two metal arches was not considered excessive so as not to obstruct the view of the Basilica of Saint Mary Major. Construction of the bridge began on 23 December 2008. It was inaugurated on 28 June 2012 with its opening to road traffic.
This bridge has a total length between abutments (span) of 116 metres. Its main structure consists of two parallel arches made of 10.5-metre high white steel tubes from which 17 steel stays are suspended to support the bridge deck. The steel arches are supported on reinforced concrete foundations. Its structure is light, elegant and diaphanous.
It has two roads in each direction and two cycle paths. On both sides of the bridge there is a covered pedestrian bridge. Pedestrian and cycle traffic is separated from motorised traffic. The functionality of the bridge has been designed with a pedestrian underground passage with natural light through the upper roundabout on Uruguay Avenue. This pedestrian underground passage, which runs under the bridge, is protected on the side of the ria by a glass screen, so that the water can be seen during high tides when the sea level rises.
List of bridges in China

This list of bridges in China includes notable bridges. China has a long history in bridge construction. The oldest bridge still in existence in China is the Anji Bridge, constructed during the years between 595 and 605.
During the infrastructure boom of the past two decades, bridge-building has proceeded at a rapid pace on a vast scale. Prior to the completion of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge in 1957, there were no bridges across the Yangtze River, China's longest, from Yibin to Shanghai, and all overland roads and railways crossing this 2,884 km (1,792 mi.) stretch of the river had to be ferried. There were only seven such bridges in 1992, but that number reached 73 by the end of 2012, including eight new openings in that year alone.
China has been pushing the boundaries of bridge construction with many record breaking bridges, including:
This table presents the structures with spans greater than 1000 meters (non-exhaustive list).
Dedicated lists already exist for the following provinces : Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Hong Kong and Taiwan.
Anhui
Beijing
Gansu
Guangxi
Hainan
Hebei
Heilongjiang
Henan
Hunan
Inner Mongolia
Jiangxi
Jilin
Liaoning
Ningxia
Qinghai
Shaanxi
Shandong
Shanghai
Shanxi
Tianjin
Tibet
Xinjiang
Yunnan
Macau
List of bridges in Canada

This is a list of bridges and viaducts in Canada, including those for pedestrians and vehicular traffic.
There are only a few covered bridges left in Canada. In Quebec, despite over 1,200 existing in the last century, today there are only 88 remaining. In New Brunswick, 58 covered bridges have been identified.
Canada's longest bridge is the Confederation Bridge in the Gulf of St. Lawrence with a total of 12,910 metres (8.02 mi) between abutments, it's also the world's longest bridge over ice-covered water. More than 5,000 local workers helped with the project, which cost about $1 billion.
The Quebec Bridge has been the longest cantilever bridge span in the world since 1917, measuring 549 metres (1,801 ft) between its two piles. It held the record of all-categories longest span in the world until the opening of the Ambassador Bridge. It’s the last bridge that broke such a record before suspension bridges hold the award by far. It was designated a National Historic Sites of Canada in 1995.
In 1929, the Ambassador Bridge between Canada and United States surpassed the Quebec Bridge with a 564 metres (1,850 ft) main span and became the longest crossing in the world until the inauguration of the George Washington Bridge in 1931 in New York City which almost doubled the range hitherto achieved.
Studies have been carried out for crossing the Saguenay River near Tadoussac just before the confluence with the St. Lawrence River, the latest project presented by the COWI A/S company includes the construction of a 1,145 metres (3,757 ft) span suspension bridge with a 70 metres (230 ft) clearance above the river.
This table presents the structures with spans greater than 100 meters (non-exhaustive list).
This part lists all the former bridges which succeeded one another on the Niagara River between the towns of Niagara Falls, Ontario, and Queenston in Canada and Niagara Falls, New York, and Lewiston, in United States. The Whirlpool Rapids Bridge (1897), the Rainbow Bridge (1941) and the Lewiston–Queenston Bridge (1962), still in service are listed in the Major road and railway bridges part above.
This part is organized by province and territory.
National Museum of Eritrea

The National Museum of Eritrea is a national museum in Asmara, Eritrea. Established in 1992 by Woldeab Woldemariam, it was originally located in the former Governor's Palace until 1997, when it was moved. The venue has since been relocated to the former Comboni Sisters School for Women.
The function of the National Museum of Eritrea is to promote Eritrean history, both within the country and abroad. It also aims to investigate new archaeological sites, and to explore the country's history. In 1996, Eritrea's central government nominated the following six sites to be considered as UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Adulis, Dahlak Kebir, Matara, Nakfa and Qohaito.
North-central Eritrea was the coastal region of the Ethiopian Empire until 1889. Italian colonial occupation of northern Ethiopia began during the 1880s, out of which Italian Eritrea was formally created in 1890, following the death of Emperor Yohannes. It was ruled by Italy until 1941, after which it was taken over by the British. Eritrea was placed under British administration for about 11 years, then returned to Ethiopia in 1952 after a referendum. The emperor Haile Selassie agreed to a federation at first, created from a referendum combining them, but later changed course and in 1962 made it into the 14th province of the country under centralist rule. Eritreans were unhappy with this unilateral action. Haile Selassie's rule became increasingly repressive in Eritrea and all across the empire. Ethiopia had a revolution in 1974 overthrowing the monarch, after which the first Head of State of Ethiopia was Eritrean Brigadier General Aman Michael Andom. He was assassinated a few months later, and the country became a socialist military dictatorship in 1975. The Eritrean Liberation Front fought against the Ethiopian government starting in 1961, followed by the Eritrean People's Liberation Front, until winning (de facto) independence in 1991. All the artifacts which were originally present in Ethiopian National Museum were shifted to Ferdinando Martini Museum. After independence from Ethiopia, the contents were displayed in Governor's palace. During 1992, UNESCO funded the establishment of the National Museum of Eritrea, shifting all the artifacts to the new museum. They also trained the staff of preservation. The Museum is administered by the Ministry of Culture.
The museum was established in 1992 in the national capital of Asmara, following Eritrea's independence the year before. It is located in the centre of the city. The museum stores historical artifacts of Eritrea, and exhibits cultural items and collections from local sites. It conducts archaeological surveys and excavations at various local sites. The museum also holds artifacts related to contemporary history of Eritrea. Due to the exigencies of border war and the political instability, the museum was in a state of neglect as of 2010. The contemporary collections have predominant collections of the freedom fighters of the nation and paintings depicting the struggle.
15°20′00″N 38°55′38″E﻿ / ﻿15.33333°N 38.92722°E﻿ / 15.33333; 38.92722
Africa Museum

The Africa Museum (Dutch: Afrika Museum) was a museum in Berg en Dal in the Netherlands. The museum on the outskirts of the city of Nijmegen was a complex with indoor as well as open-air display areas, covering art, culture, music, photographs, videos and architecture of Africa. As of 2014, the museum, along with the Tropenmuseum in Amsterdam, and National Museum of Ethnology (Museum Volkenkunde) in Leiden, together make up the National Museum of World Cultures. It has been closed since November 2023.
Apart from displaying traditional historic sculptures, the museum focused on exhibiting contemporary art produced in Africa and the diaspora such as North and South America and the Caribbean, especially on the islands of Cuba, Haiti and Curaçao. The section on religion and society displayed artefacts regarding the cycle of life, healing, fighting off the evil. Outside, the visitors can experience rebuilt African architecture such as a Kusasi compound from Ghana, a Dogon clay building village from Mali and river-side pile dwellings from Benin.
The museum was founded in 1954 as a missionary museum, five years after the Fathers of the Holy Spirit had acquired a property, which was to become a place of rest for the members of their congregation. With the museum they wanted to pay homage to the African cultures they had encountered and increase awareness of these cultures in Europe. While being stationed in Africa they had occasionally obtained objects for colonial exhibitions and collected objects that were both evidence of religious practices and of daily life and were sometimes destined for sale in the museum's store.
Father J.B. Van Croonenburg wanted to attract a broader public to understand the beauty and richness of African culture. Father Jan Vissers objected in the Cabinda area against the destruction of the traditional objects of the Woyo and collected a group of pottery lids with figural sculptures.
In 1987 the museum opened its outdoor exhibition, which consisted of several reconstituted African villages.
South African Air Force Museum

The South African Air Force Museum houses exhibits and restores material related to the history of the South African Air Force. The museum is divided into three locations, AFB Swartkop outside Pretoria, AFB Ysterplaat in Cape Town and at the Port Elizabeth airport.
AFB Swartkop is home to the headquarters and largest of the three museum locations, occupying at least five hangars.
It contains a number of Dassault Mirage IIIs, Dassault Mirage F1s, Atlas Cheetahs and various other historical aircraft as well as aviation-related items on display such as ejection seats, uniforms, aircraft engines, aircraft weaponry and a Cheetah C flight simulator.
Aircraft on display
AFB Ysterplaat is home to the last airworthy Avro Shackleton. The Shackleton has been grounded for several years already though, as there is no qualified aircrew and the remaining airframe hours are insufficient to train new crew, apart from the obvious concern of preservation of this historic aircraft.
The Douglas C-47 Dakota here, is the aircraft used in 1952 by the SAAF to help Professor J. L. B. Smith acquire a coelacanth fish specimen from the Comoros Islands.
Aircraft on display
There are few exhibits at the Port Elizabeth Airport branch of the museum because of the limited hangar space available.
Static exhibits are housed in the original 42-Air School Air Gunnery Training Centre used during the Joint Air Training Scheme in World War II.
Aircraft on display
Active restoration is being performed on a number of North American Harvards and there is a project to restore an Airspeed Oxford. One of the more unusual exhibits is a Jorg IV Skimmerfoil ground-effect craft.
List of museums in Washington, D.C.

This list of museums in Washington, D.C. encompasses museums defined for this context as institutions (including nonprofit organizations, government entities, and private businesses) that collect and care for objects of cultural, artistic, scientific, or historical interest and make their collections or related exhibits available for public viewing. Also included are university and non-profit art galleries. Museums that exist only in cyberspace (i.e., virtual museums) are not included. The present list numbers 82 museums.
To use the sortable table, click on the icons at the top of each column to sort that column in alphabetical order; click again for reverse alphabetical order.
International African American Museum

The International African American Museum (IAAM) is a museum of African-American history in Charleston, South Carolina, located at a former shipping wharf where approximately 40% of the nation's enslaved persons disembarked. The museum opened June 27, 2023, after 20 years of planning.
The idea of the museum was initiated by former Charleston Mayor Joseph P. Riley Jr. The city had previously sold the land to a restaurateur, but after construction on the site discovered traces of Gadsden's Wharf, Riley decided to repurchase the land.
The construction budget of the museum is $75 million. Riley raised money for the project as a private citizen. The $25 million private donation goal was met in 2018. The South Carolina General Assembly delayed a $25 million contribution to the project, which delayed construction of the 40,000-square-foot facility.
The city of North Charleston donated $1 million to the project. Keith Sumney, the mayor of North Charleston, stated that he hoped the museum would include an exhibit on Liberty Hill, a historically black neighborhood in North Charleston.
The design architect is Harry Cobb, of Pei Cobb Freed & Partners, working in collaboration with Moody Nolan architectural firm of Columbus, Ohio; the exhibition designer is Ralph Appelbaum Associates and the landscape designer is Walter Hood, of Oakland, California. The museum was built on the Cooper River, with a view towards Fort Sumter and out to the Atlantic Ocean. Its first CEO was Michael B. Moore.
The museum opened in 2023 with presentations made at the dedication ceremony by former Charleston mayors Joseph P. Riley Jr and John Tecklenburg, Phylicia Rashad, Congressman Jim Clyburn, State Senator Darrell Jackson, State Representative JA Moore, gospel singer Bebe Winans, poet Nikky Finney, anthropologist Johnnetta Cole, former NASA Administrator Charles Bolden, IAAM President Dr. Tonya Matthews and others.
32°47′19″N 79°55′34″W﻿ / ﻿32.78861°N 79.92611°W﻿ / 32.78861; -79.92611
Lista de chefes de Estado e de governo recebidos por Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

Essa é uma lista das visitas de chefes de Estado e de governo que foram recebidas por Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, o 39º Presidente do Brasil, em território nacional durante o seu terceiro mandato presidencial desde 1 de janeiro de 2023.
Lula da Silva recepcionou 23 mandatários estrangeiros na ocasião de sua terceira posse presidencial em 1 de janeiro de 2023 e espera-se que seja anfitrião de outros diversos líderes internacionais desde o início de seu terceiro mandato presidencial, através de visitas de Estado e de reuniões multilaterais realizadas no Brasil.
Abaixo está uma lista de países de acordo com o número de visitas de seus chefes de Estado ou de Governo durante a presidência de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva desde a sua posse, em 1º de janeiro de 2023.
Em razão de internação do presidente Lula, o vice-presidente Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) assumiu a agenda e recebeu o primeiro-ministro da Eslováquia, Robert Fico, no dia 10 de dezembro de 2024 no Palácio Itamaraty. O primeiro-ministro manifestou apoio ao acordo comercial entre Mercosul e União Europeia e foi convidado a participar da COP 30 em 2025.
Lista de presidentes do Brasil

Esta lista de presidentes do Brasil compreende todas as pessoas que exerceram a chefia de governo e de Estado no país desde a Proclamação da República, em 15 de novembro de 1889. A lista inclui também aqueles que, tendo sido eleitos, não exerceram o mandato por morte ou impedimento, bem como as duas juntas militares provisórias no regime presidencialista.
As cores indicam o meio pelo qual cada presidente chegou ao cargo, com exceção da cor cinza, que indica os que não conseguiram tomar posse. Em azul estão os presidentes eleitos por sufrágio direto; em verde, os que chegaram à presidência pela linha sucessória (por exemplo, quando um vice-presidente assume o cargo de presidente, ou quando um presidente da Câmara dos Deputados assume a presidência caso não haja um vice-presidente); em amarelo, os eleitos por sufrágio indireto, empossados através de movimento revolucionário ou golpe e juntas militares.
Lista de presidentes do Brasil por profissão e formação acadêmica

Esta é uma lista de presidentes do Brasil por profissão e formação acadêmica. Ela contém os cursos e instituições de ensino superior nos quais os presidentes se formaram academicamente, além de uma listagem generalizada das ocupações não políticas que exerceram no decorrer de suas vidas. Ela compreende todas as pessoas que assumiram a presidência, incluindo os que o fizeram de facto ou interinamente, e estão presentes na lista da Biblioteca da Presidência da República.
Aqueles que constituíram as juntas militares de 1930 e 1969 são listados em itálico e sem numeração, dado que não foram presidentes do Brasil de forma isolada. Já Júlio Prestes e Tancredo Neves, embora não tenham assumido a presidência e nem constarem na numeração da ordem histórica, por serem listados separadamente pela Biblioteca da Presidência da República, constam na lista. Pedro Aleixo, vice-presidente e substituto legal em caso de afastamento do presidente, foi impedido de assumir seu cargo pela junta militar de 1969, mas por força da Lei deve constar como ex-presidente da República.
Descontando-se as juntas, a formação que abrangeu o maior número de presidentes brasileiros foi a jurídica (21), com mais da metade dos líderes do poder executivo tendo optado por ela, seguida pela formação militar (10), economia (2) e letras, engenharia, ciências sociais, medicina e educação física (1). Dois presidentes (Café Filho e Lula da Silva) não tiveram ensino superior completo. A instituição de ensino que abrigou mais presidentes foi a atual Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo (12), seguida pela Escola Militar do Realengo (5), com a Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (4) em terceiro lugar.
Presidente da República

O Presidente da República é a autoridade máxima do Executivo de um Estado soberano cujo estatuto é uma República. Tal como os chefes de estado das monarquias, o presidente da república representa o Estado, mas os poderes específicos que detém e o modo como um cidadão se torna presidente variam bastante consoante o sistema institucional de cada país. Em grande parte dos países o Presidente da República usa uma faixa presidencial como distintivo do cargo.
Em algumas repúblicas, o presidente é o chefe do poder executivo, fazendo parte das suas competências a gestão do governo do país e, até certo ponto, a própria direção do rumo político da nação. Assim se organizam as democracias que seguem um sistema presidencialista, caso em que o presidente é, geralmente, eleito por sufrágio universal e direto, muito embora haja algumas exceções, sendo a mais relevante a dos Estados Unidos, república presidencialista em que o presidente é eleito por um colégio eleitoral, esse sim, eleito pelo povo. Mas, frequentemente, também nas repúblicas que vivem sob ditadura, o regime é presidencialista.
Noutras repúblicas, o presidente tem os seus poderes grandemente esvaziados, servindo principalmente como representante cerimonial e diplomático da nação, cabendo ao primeiro-ministro (ou equivalente) a direção do poder executivo e a determinação dos rumos do país. Neste grupo de países, alguns há - os que funcionam segundo um sistema parlamentarista - em que os parlamentos assumem grande relevo, sendo frequentemente eles e não o povo a eleger o presidente. Um exemplo típico é a Alemanha.
Noutros, no entanto, os poderes estão concentrados no ramo executivo do Estado. Estes países são geralmente ditaduras, e um bom exemplo era o regime que vigorava em Portugal até à revolução dos Cravos, com António de Oliveira Salazar primeiro e Marcello Caetano depois a ocuparem o lugar de presidente do Conselho de Ministros, isto é, de primeiro-ministro.
Entre estes dois extremos situam-se os sistemas semipresidencialistas, nos quais o presidente mantém poderes importantes, que podem chegar à demissão do governo e à dissolução do parlamento, mas que não incluem a participação activa no processo executivo ou legislativo (à parte a promulgação, ou não, de leis). É este o caso do Portugal contemporâneo, bem como da França, da Rússia e do Sri Lanka.
Há ainda raros casos de repúblicas que não possuem o cargo de presidente da República. Este é o caso da Suíça, cujo chefe de estado é um conselho de sete membros chamado Bundesrat, da Bósnia e Herzegovina e de San Marino.
Presidente da República Italiana

O Presidente da República Italiana é o Chefe de Estado e representa a unidade nacional. Seu mandato dura sete anos. Se o Presidente renunciar ou tiver seu mandato cassado, o primeiro-ministro assume o cargo presidencial enquanto o vice-presidente assume o cargo de primeiro-ministro.
O atual Presidente da Itália é Sergio Mattarella, eleito em 31 de janeiro de 2015 no quarto escrutínio. É o décimo-segundo Presidente da República Italiana.
O Presidente tem a sua disposição três residências oficiais: o Palácio do Quirinal em Roma; a Tenuta Presidenziale di Castelporziano em Roma; e a Villa Rosebery, em Nápoles.
É eleito pelo Parlamento reunido em sessão ordinária, junto a três representantes para cada região (somente um para o Vale de Aosta) com o objetivo de garantir a representação das minorias.
Para garantir um amplo consenso a instituição de garantia, nas primeiras três votações é necessária a aprovação de dois terços da assembleia; para as votações sucessivas é suficiente a maioria simples (50% mais um dos eleitores). O mandato dura sete anos; o que impede que um presidente seja reeleito numa mesma legislatura, que tem mandato quinquenal, e contribui a desvinculá-lo de excessivas ligações políticas com o órgão que o elege.
A sede da votação é a Câmara dos Deputados. O Presidente inicia o mandato depois de prestar juramento ao Parlamento ao qual se dirige através de uma mensagem presidencial.
A Constituição italiana não prevê um limite para o número de mandatos no que diz respeito ao cargo de Presidente da República. O primeiro caso de reeleição do presidente cessante data de 20 de abril de 2013 com a eleição de Giorgio Napolitano.
A Constituição reconhece a função de representante da unidade do Pais com todas prerrogativas típicas do Estado em nível de direito internacional, colocando o presidente no vértice da tradicional tripartição do poder do Estado. Explicitamente previstos os poderes de:
Também confere as honras da República Italiana (medalhas, decorações e ordem de cavaleiro italiano) segundo decreto presidencial.
First inauguration of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and José Alencar were inaugurated as 35th president of Brazil and 23rd vice president, respectively, on 1 January 2003, in a ceremony held in the National Congress in Brasília, beginning the new Lula administration. In this occasion, it was the first time since redemocratization in 1985 that a president elect by the direct vote delivered the presidential sash to his successor also elected by the direct vote.
The following representatives or higher-rank officials attended Lula's inauguration:
Vice President of Brazil

The vice president of Brazil (Portuguese: Vice-Presidente do Brasil), officially the vice president of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Vice-Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil), or simply the vice president of the republic (Vice-Presidente da República) is the second-highest ranking government official in the executive branch of the Government of Brazil, preceded only by the president. The vice president's primary role is to replace the president in the event of their death, resignation, or impeachment conviction, and to temporarily take over the presidential powers and duties while the president is abroad, or otherwise temporarily unable to carry out their duties. The vice president is elected jointly with the president as their running mate.
The office has existed since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, although it was only officially instituted as of the 1891 Constitution. It has been in place throughout all of Brazil's republican history, save for the fifteen years of the Vargas Era when it was officially abolished.
The requirements to run for the office of vice president are exactly those of the presidency itself. In addition to the ordinary requirements to run for political office in Brazil, under the terms of article 14 of the Constitution, a candidate for the vice presidency must be a natural-born citizen of Brazil (which under certain circumstances may include the offspring of one or two Brazilian parents living abroad) and be at least 35 years of age.
The president and the vice president are elected on a single ticket for a four-year term and are inaugurated on January 1 of the year following that of the election. Both may be re-elected for a subsequent term.
Vice presidents succeeding a sitting president may be reelected for an additional term. However, the vice president is not eligible to run for a second full term, as under Brazilian law any partial term counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms. Due to the wording of the constitution's provisions on term limits, whenever the vice president serves as acting president when the president is either abroad or suspended from office as a result of impeachment, it counts as a partial term.
The vice president works in an annex building of the Palácio do Planalto. The official residence of the vice president is the Palácio do Jaburu, inaugurated in 1977.
Since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, eight vice presidents have been called upon to replace former presidents: four due to death of the incumbent (Nilo Peçanha, Delfim Moreira, Café Filho, and José Sarney), two due to resignation (Floriano Peixoto and João Goulart), and two due to impeachment conviction (Itamar Franco and Michel Temer).
First cabinet of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

After the 2002 election, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva became the first left-wing and first metalworker and trade unionist president of Brazil. His inauguration marked the first time since 1961 when a president elected by direct popular vote passed the presidential sash to another president elected by popular vote. Lula's cabinet was unveiled in December 2002. A second cabinet was formed after the 2006 election.
JK Memorial

The JK Memorial is a Brazilian mausoleum, presidential memorial and cultural center dedicated to Juscelino Kubitschek (1902–1976), the 21st President of Brazil and the founder of Brasília, capital city of Brazil since 1960. Designed by Oscar Niemeyer, the memorial is located in the Monumental Axis in Brasília. It is the final resting place of President Kubitschek. The Memorial was designed by architect Oscar Niemeyer, responsible for the main buildings of the Brazilia, at the request of Juscelino's widow and former First Lady Sarah Kubitschek.
You can see photos and objects from the lives of Juscelino and Sarah, such as the presidential sash and the clothes they wore at the inauguration, as well as the former president's tomb. Works by artists such as Athos Bulcão and Marianne Peretti complement the memorial's interior, Goiás. Outside the memorial is what is possibly the most famous statue of Juscelino, made by Honório Peçanha, which stands on a pedestal almost thirty meters above the ground. The idea for the shape and the pedestal was conceived by Niemeyer, who is said to have been inspired by the symbol of communism - which he has always denied, but which generated some controversy before its installation. The building, seen from the outside, is a block of white marble with few openings. The site is open from Tuesday to Sunday, between 9 am and 6 pm.
List of political parties in Brazil

Brazil has a multi-party system since 1979, when the country's military dictatorship disbanded an enforced two-party system and allowed the creation of multiple parties.
Above the broad range of political parties in Brazilian Congress, the Workers' Party (PT), the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), the Liberal Party (PL), the Progressives (PP) and the Brazil Union (UNIÃO) together control the absolute majority of seats in the Senate and Chamber of Deputies. Smaller parties often make alliances with at least one of these five major parties. The number of political parties reached the apex of 35 on 2018, 30 of which were represented in congress after the 2018 general election. However, an electoral threshold introduced on 2017 has resulted in the culling and merger of many parties, as it cuts access to party subsidies and free party political broadcasts.
Brazilian parties have access to party subsidies in form of the Fundo Partidário (lit. 'Party Fund') and the Fundo Eleitoral (lit. 'Electoral Fund') for elections. And a system of free party political broadcasts during election time known as the horário eleitoral gratuito.
Since 1982, Brazilian political parties have been given an electoral number to make it easier for illiterate people to vote. Initially, it was a one-digit number: 1 for PDS, 2 for PDT, 3 for PT, 4 for PTB, and 5 for PMDB. When it became clear that there was going to be more than nine parties, two-digit numbers were assigned, with the first five parties having a "1" added to their former one-digit number (PDS becoming number 11, PDT 12, PT 13, PTB 14, and PMDB 15). Political parties often change their names, but they can retain their number.
In terms of association, parties can form electoral coalitions and party federations. Since 2017, coalitions are only allowed in elections under the majority system. Therefore, political parties can unite in support for a presidential or senatorial candidate, for example. However, parties cannot form coalitions for the election of federal deputies, state deputies and councillors. Coalitions are formed before the elections and do not oblige parties to remain together afterwards. Party federations, on the other hand, are legally different from coalitions in that they are longer-lasting, have a national scope and require ideological unity. Unlike coalitions, the parties that make up a federation are treated as a single party in legislative activity and in elections; they are prohibited from acting independently in the legislative houses or from filing election-related lawsuits, as the federation has the sole legal standing to do so.
This list presents the parties of the current Sixth Republic that were once recognized by the Superior Electoral Court, but have ceased to exist. The existence of all these parties has ended by the result of mergers.
This list presents the parties that never reached the Sixth Republic. Due to the large number of parties that were dissolved, especially during the First and Second Republics, it is not intended to be an exhaustive list.
Brazilian Labour Party (1945)

The Brazilian Labour Party (Portuguese: Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro, PTB) was a populist political party in Brazil founded in 1945 by supporters of President Getúlio Vargas. It was dismantled by the Institutional Act Number Two in 1965 during the military dictatorship in Brazil.
The party was founded by followers of President Getúlio Vargas on May 15, 1945, during the final days of his Estado Novo. It grew rapidly under the leadership of Vargas, the most important Brazilian politician of the early to mid-20th century. Its main goal was to prevent a growth of Communist Party membership among urban workers. According to Vargas himself, the party was created to "serve as a buffer between the unions and the communists."
PTB's support came from the trade unions controlled by the Ministry of Labour, and its trump card was the prestige of Getúlio Vargas, its honorary chairman, which introduced social and labor legislation in the country. From 1945 to 1962, PTB was the third force in Brazilian politics, after the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the National Democratic Union (UDN), but it became more popular than the UDN in the 1962 Congressional elections. In 1950, Vargas was elected to a second term through PTB. Vargas committed suicide in 1954, and his heir João Goulart became the central figure in the party along with the populist Leonel Brizola.
Since the party was a close ally of PSD, also founded by supporters of the late Vargas, it remained in power when Juscelino Kubitschek was elected president in 1955. Goulart was elected vice president in 1955 and 1960, becoming president in 1961 with the resignation of Jânio Quadros. PTB was in power again, but Goulart was overthrown by a military-led coup d'état in 1964. Various PTB figures were removed from the National Congress, and all political parties, including PTB, were dissolved on October 27, 1965. Nearly all of the party merged with the bulk of the PSD to form the Brazilian Democratic Movement, the only opposition party permitted for the first decade of the military dictatorship.
A new PTB, this time a centre-right party, was established by Ivete Vargas, Getúlio's niece, in 1980, with the end of the artificial two-party system imposed by the military regime. Brizola led the majority of the PTB's former followers into the Democratic Labour Party.
Daftar wilayah otonom menurut negara

Daftar wilayah otonom yang diangkat oleh negara meliputi wilayah otonom di seluruh dunia. Sebuah wilayah otonom didefinisikan sebagai sebuah wilayah dari sebuah negara yang memiliki tingkat otonomi, atau memiliki kebebasan dari otoritas luar. Wilayah tersebut biasanya memiliki jarak geografi yang jauh dari negaranya, atau ditempati oleh minoritas nasional. Negara-negara yang meliputi wilayah-wilayah otonomi sering kali adalah federasi. Wilayah otonomi berbeda dengan unit federal dan negara independen yang dalam esensinya mereka menikmati status istimewa, dalam hubungannya dengan mayoritas teritorial sub-nasional di negara yang sama, yang meliputi beberapa kekuasaan legislatif, di dalam negara tersebut (untuk daftar mendetail dari unit-unit federal, lihat Negara federasi#Daftar unit federal menurut federasi).
Daftar berikut ini meliputi wilayah yang secara internasional diakui, serta beberapa umumnya tidak diakui. Definisi wilayah otonomi beragam dari negara ke negara, sehingga istilah asli yang didefinisikan oleh pemerintahan negara masing-masing dimasukkan, dan terjemahan Indonesia dari istilah tersebut diikutsertakan.
Catatan:
Dalam sejumlah negara, seluruh wilayah atau kawasan dari sebuah jenis bagian disebut "otonom". Tergantung pada kasusnya, ini mungkin atau mungkin tidak merefleksikan devolusi kekuasaan atau kebebasan dari otoritas luar.
Sejumlah entitas juga secara resmi disebut "otonomi", walau mereka tidak memiliki kebebasan khusus dari otoritas luar, dan tidak jatuh pada definisi kawasan otonomi.
Metronom

Metronom adalah sebuah alat yang dapat mengeluarkan suara (atau ketukan) dengan interval yang stabil. Alat ini biasanya digunakan oleh pemusik agar tempo musiknya stabil.
Metronom berasal dari bahasa Yunani, metron (ukuran) dan nomos (keteraturan).
Metronom Maelzel (disingkat M.M.) adalah satuan tempo yang diciptakan oleh Johan Nepomuk Maelzel yang merupakan penyempurnaan dari metronom sebelumnya yang diciptakan oleh D. N. Winkel pada tahun 1816.
Angka dalam Metronom Maelzel menandakan jumlah ketukan dalam satu menit. Sebagai contoh lagu Indonesia Raya ditulis dengan tempo M.M. = 96. Artinya, dalam satu menit terdapat 96 ketuk.
Lontong kupang

Lontong kupang atau kupang lontong adalah nama makanan khas daerah Jawa Timur. Makanan ini terkenal khususnya di daerah Surabaya dan Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur.
Di daerah pesisir timur Jawa Timur, lontong kupang yang terkenal adalah Kupang Kraton. Nama Kraton ini diambil dari suatu nama daerah atau suatu nama kecamatan di Kabupaten Pasuruan. Sudah sejak lama penduduk daerah ini mencari dan berdagang kerang kupang, baik dijual mentah ataupun berupa kuliner (lontong kupang).
Masyarakat mempercayai apabila memakan lontong kupang sambil minum air kelapa muda (Jawa: degan) atau dengan es batu yaitu es degan semua penyakit di dalam tubuh bisa hilang, manusia yang memakan itu pun menjadi sehat. Lontong kupang biasa disajikan dengan sate kerang dan minum air kelapa muda yang disajikan bersama tempurung kelapa atau dengan gelas.
Bahan utama yang digunakan adalah kupang putih (Potamocorbula fasciata), yaitu hewan laut bertubuh lunak (moluska) semacam kerang berukuran kecil sebesar biji jagung. Kupang yang telah dikupas dan dimasak, ditambahkan lontong dan lentho, kemudian diberi kuah petis dan sedikit perasan jeruk nipis. Untuk menghidangkan biasanya dipadukan dengan sate kerang, serta minuman air kelapa muda.
Kupang juga merupakan sumber asam amino esensial yang baik. Kupang putih maupun kupang merah memiliki 17 asam amino, sedangkan dari 17 asam amino tersebut terkandung 10 macam asam amino esensial yang diperlukan untuk tubuh, antara lain: treonin, valin, metionin, isoleusin, leusin, fenilalanin, lisin, tripsin, histidin, dan arginin. Asam amino esensial tidak dapat dibentuk oleh tubuh manusia, tetapi harus didapat dari makanan sehari-hari.
Kandungan mikronutrien kupang yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan yaitu Fe (zat besi) dan Zn (zinc/seng). Zat besi diperlukan dalam tubuh untuk pembentukan sel darah merah. Sedangkan Seng merupakan komponen penting beberapa enzim untuk metabolisme dalam tubuh. Kupang juga mengandung asam lemak yang dibutuhkan tubuh manusia. Kupang merah mengandung 8,97 LA (asam linoleat), 2,77% EPA (eikosapentanoat), 3,65% DHA (asam dokoheksanoat). Sedangkan kupang putih mengandung 12,31% LNA (asam linoleat), 6,52% EPA, dan 6,61 DHA. Asam lemak esensial omega-3 membentuk komponen yang melancarkan transportasi oksigen dan nutrisi makro (protein, lemak, dan karbrohidrat) ke dalam sel-sel tubuh sehingga dapat membantu pembuangan produk sisa metabolisme seperti karbondioksida dari sel. Sedangkan EPA sangat efektif mengurangi kerusakan otot.
Cak Lontong

Ir. Lies Hartono, dikenal secara profesional dengan nama Cak Lontong (lahir 7 Oktober 1970), adalah pelawak tunggal, presenter, dan aktor berkebangsaan Indonesia. Ia terkenal dengan lawakan yang lucu dan mengena tanpa menjelek-jelekkan dan merendahkan pihak lain. Lawakannya sederhana dan disampaikan dengan bahasa baku terstruktur, namun mengandung logika absurd yang menantang pendengar untuk berpikir. Cak juga dikenal sebagai ahli silogisme dan kadang suka menyelipkan peribahasa ciptaannya.
Ia memulai kariernya melalui grup lawak Ludruk Cap Toegoe di Surabaya. Cak mulai dikenal setelah menjadi bintang tamu di Republik BBM asuhan Effendi Ghazali, tampil reguler di Stand Up Comedy Show, dan menjadi panelis di Indonesia Lawak Klub. Tahun 2017, Cak Lontong menerima penghargaan di bidang seni budaya dari almamaternya.
Nama Cak Lontong sebagai pelawak sudah punya karakter tersendiri. Kekhasan itulah yang membuat ia berbeda dengan pelawak lainnya, seperti mengucapkan salam lemper sebagai kata pembuka sebelum melawak. Selama ini Cak Lontong dikenal sebagai pelawak yang jago plesetan dan anekdot. Ia dituntut untuk cerdas, rada nyinyir, bisa menganalisis, dan mampu menawarkan solusi dari setiap topik yang diangkat.
Ia pun juga menjelaskan jika seorang komika menyalahkan penonton, itu bukan komika sejati, tetapi komika yang manja. Padahal tugas komika adalah menghibur penonton. Jika komika tidak bisa menghibur penonton, maka tugas komika gagal. Bukan penonton yang disalahkan, karena kegagalan si komika. Justru si komika yang tidak mampu memahami suasana. Diakui Cak Lontong, saat ini banyak komika yang tampil dengan materi bersingungan dengan kritik sosial dan SARA. Padahal banyak materi yang tidak harus membuat sakit hati orang karena menurutnya, tugas komika itu menghibur orang banyak.
Guna menghindari materi yang menyinggung, Cak Lontong selalu mencari materi dari premis-premis sederhana baik dari sebuah kata atau istilah, misalnya tentang kata sabar, takut, atau istilah mikir dan gaptek.
Nama Lontong yang ia gunakan berasal dari pengalaman masa kecilnya, di mana pada waktu kanak-kanak hingga remaja, Lies mempunyai badan yang kurus dan tinggi menyerupai lontong, sehingga ia dipanggil dengan julukan demikian oleh teman-teman dan keluarganya. Kata Cak merupakan panggilan umum bagi lelaki di Jawa Timur.
Saat ini, kariernya pun terus meningkat di dunia hiburan. Tak hanya tampil di layar kaca maupun berbagai pentas, ia juga sempat bermain di film komedi layar lebar yang berjudul Comic 8 sebagai figuran. Ini adalah film pertama yang ia bintangi, menurut Cak Lontong, sebelumnya ia sempat mendapatkan tawaran main film, tetapi dinilai kurang cocok. Ia berpendapat bahwa ia ikut akting untuk meramaikan film komedi dan menikmati perannya sebagai komedian, apalagi filmnya termasuk sukses dengan banyaknya penonton dan diapresiasi.
Ia juga menyatakan bahwa "dengan komedi yang lahir dan berkembang dari lawakan tunggal, masyarakat kini punya pilihan film komedi lebih banyak lagi", karena sebelumnya hanya disuguhi komedi berbau horor atau seks.