davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
सहरसा–पटणा राज्यराणी एक्सप्रेस

सहरसा पटणा राज्यराणी एक्सप्रेस भारतीय रेल्वेच्या मध्य पूर्व विभागाची अतिवेगवान रेल्वे गाडी आहे. ही गाडी सहर्सा जंक्शन ते पाटणा जंक्शन दरम्यान धावते. तिचा क्र १२५६७ अप आणि १२५६८ डाउन आहे असून ही गाडी पूर्णपणे बिहारमध्ये धावते.
या ट्रेनला 1 वातानुकूलित खुर्ची यान,12 विणाआरक्षित सामान्य बोगी,2 प्रवाशी बैठक आणि सामान वाहून नेणारि बोगी अश्या एकूण 15 बोगी आहेत. या ट्रेनला खानपाण व्यवस्था बोगी नाही.
दोन्ही प्रवासात ही ट्रेन 224 किमी(139मैल) अंतराचा प्रवास 4 तासात पूर्ण करते. हिचा सरासरी वेग तासी 56 किमी आहे. या ट्रेनचा सरासरी वेग तासी 55 किमी (34 मैल) पेक्षा ज्यादा असल्याने भारतीय रेल्वेच्या नियमाप्रमाणे प्रवाशी भाड्यावर जादा आकार आहे.
ही गाडी सहारा जंक्शनहून निघुन बेगूसराई मार्गे मोकामा जंक्शन, ते पाटणा जंक्शन धावते.
या गाडीचा पूर्ण मार्गाचे विध्युतीकरण झालेले असल्याने मुघलसराईतील WDM 3A रेल्वे इंजिनचे सहाय्याने ही पूर्ण प्रवास करते.
19-8-2013 धामरा घाट स्टेशनवर बेकायदेशीर रित्या 37 लोक धावत रेल्वे रूळं ओलांडत असताना त्यातील 24 लोक या बेफाम धावणाऱ्या ट्रेन क्रं.12567 खाली जखमी झाले. त्याने बिथरलेल्या लोकांनी गोळीबार केला त्यात रेल्वेचे वेगवेगळ्या मालमत्तेची हानी झाली.
भारतातील गव्हर्नर-जनरलांची यादी

भारतात गव्हर्नर-जनरल पदाची निर्मिती रेग्युलेटिंग अ‍ॅक्ट १७७३ कायद्यानुसार झाली. त्यावेळी बंगाल प्रांत असल्याने न्यायालयाने नियुक्त संचालक मंडळाने अर्थात, ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनीच्या न्यायालयाने गव्हर्नर जनरल या पदाची निर्मिती केली.
Chater Act(सनदी कायदा) १८३३ या शीर्षकासह 'गव्हर्नर-जनरल ऑफ इंडिया' नेमला गेला.
१७७३ च्या नियमन अधिनियमाने फोर्ट विल्यम ऑफ प्रेसीडेंसीचे गव्हर्नर जनरल किंवा बंगालचे गव्हर्नर जनरल या उपाधीने ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी (ईआयसी)च्या कोर्टाचे संचालक नियुक्त करण्यासाठी हे कार्यालय तयार केले. न्यायालयाचे संचालक नियुक्त केले गेले. गव्हर्नर जनरलला मदत करण्यासाठी फोर कौन्सिल ऑफ इंडिया (jsjjndjदेचा निर्णय बंधनकारक होता.
सेंट हेलेना अ‍ॅक्ट १८३३. (किंवा भारत सरकारचा कायदा १८३३) यांनी या कार्यालयाला नव्याने नियुक्त केलेले गव्हर्नर-जनरल ऑफ इंडिया.
१८५७ च्या भारतीय विद्रोहानंतर कंपनीचा अंमल संपुष्टात आला, परंतु ब्रिटिश भारत व इतर राज्ये यांच्याबरोबरच ब्रिटिश राजवटीच्या थेट अंशाखाली आली. भारत सरकार अधिनियम १८५८ मध्ये भारताचे राज्य सचिव कार्यालय तयार केले गेले. १८५८ च्या भारताच्या कारभारावर देखरेख करण्यासाठी, १५ सदस्यांसह (लंडनमधील) नवे कौन्सिल ऑफ इंडियाने सल्ला दिला. विद्यमान चारचे कौन्सिल ऑफ इंडियाचे गव्हर्नर जनरल ऑफ इंडिया ऑफ इंडिया किंवा एक्झिक्युटिव्ह कौन्सिल ऑफ इंडिया असे औपचारिकपणे नाव बदलण्यात आले. नंतर भारत सरकार अधिनियम १९३५ ने भारतीय परिषद रद्द केली.
१८५८ च्या भारत सरकारचा कायदा लागू केल्यावर, मुकुटचे प्रतिनिधित्व करणारे गव्हर्नर जनरल व्हायसरॉय म्हणून ओळखले जाऊ लागले. 'व्हायसरॉय' हा पदनाम बहुधा सामान्य भाषेत वापरला जात असला तरी त्याला वैधानिक अधिकार नव्हते आणि संसदेत कधीच कार्यरत नव्हते. १८५८ च्या घोषणेने लॉर्ड कॅनिंगला "पहिला व्हायसराय आणि गव्हर्नर जनरल" म्हणून संबोधिले, परंतु १८५८ च्या घोषित घोषणेने भारत सरकारची सत्ता स्वीकारण्याची घोषणा केली, परंतु त्याचे वारसदार म्हणून नियुक्त केलेल्या वॉरंटपैकी कोणीही त्यांना 'व्हायसराय' आणि पदवी म्हणून संबोधले नाही. प्राधान्याने वागणाऱ्या वॉरंटमध्ये आणि सार्वजनिक सूचनांमध्ये वारंवार वापरला जात असे, मुळात सार्वभौम प्रतिनिधीच्या राज्य आणि सामाजिक कार्याशी संबंधित एक समारंभ होता. गव्हर्नर-जनरल हे मुकुटचे एकमेव प्रतिनिधी म्हणून कार्यरत राहिले आणि भारत सरकारच्या गव्हर्नर जनरलच्या नियुक्त्यांची नियुक्ती ब्रिटिश मुकुट यांनी भारतीय राज्यसचिव यांच्या सल्ल्यानुसार केली. अनुक्रमे १९५० आणि १९५७ मध्ये प्रजासत्ताक राज्यघटना लागू न होईपर्यंत गव्हर्नर जनरल यांचे कार्यालय नवीन राज्यांत प्रत्येक औपचारिक पदाच्या रूपात अस्तित्वात राहिले.
नोंदी :
देहू रोड रेल्वे स्थानक

देहू रोड रेल्वे स्थानक हे एक पुणे शहराजवळील रेल्वे स्थानक आहे. हे रेल्वे स्थानक पुणे-मुंबई महामार्गाजवळ आहे. येथून देहू गाव जवळ आहे. भारतीय लष्कराच्या अनेक तुकड्या या स्थानकाचा वापर करतात. महाराष्ट्र क्रिकेट असोसिएशन स्टेडियम येथून जवळ आहे.
या स्थानकाला चार फलाट असून त्यातील दोन वापरात आहेत. लोकल रेल्वेच्या सगळ्या गाड्या तसेच लांबच्या पल्ल्याच्या सगळ्या पॅसेंजर गाड्या येथे थांबतात. या शिवाय सह्याद्री एक्सप्रेस येथे थांबते. एकेकाळी मुंबई-मद्रास जनता एक्सप्रेस येथे थांबे. सध्या न वापरले जाणारे फलाट पूर्वी सेन्ट्रल आॅर्डनन्स डेपो (सीओडी)साठी असलेल्या खास पुणे-देहूरोड लोकल गाडीसाठी होते. ही गाडी कोळशाच्या इंजिनवर चाले, व थेट डेपोपर्यंत जाई.
रेल विकास निगम

रेल विकास निगम लिमिटेड ही भारतीय रेल्वेची एक कंपनी आहे. भारतामधील रेल्वे मार्गांच्या विकासाचे अभियांत्रिकी प्रकल्प राबवणे हे ह्या कंपनीचे मुख्य उद्दिष्ट आहे. रेल विकास निगमची स्थापना २४ जानेवारी २००३ रोजी करण्यात आली. सुवर्ण चतुष्कोण ह्या मोठ्या परियोजनेच्या संबंधित प्रकल्पांवर काम करणे हे तिचे ध्येय आहे.
भारतीय हाय स्पीड रेल निगम ही २०१२ साली निर्माण झालेली संस्था रेल विकास निगमची पाल्य कंपनी आहे. ह्या संस्थेद्वारे भारतामध्ये द्रुतगती रेल्वे चालवण्यासाठी प्रकल्प हाती घेतले जातील.
रेल स्प्रिंग कारखाना

रेल स्प्रिंग कारखाना (इंग्लिश: Rail Wheel Factory) हा भारतीय रेल्वेचा एक कारखाना आहे. मध्य प्रदेशमधील ग्वाल्हेर शहराच्या १२.८ किमी दक्षिणेस सिथौली रेल्वे स्थानकानजीक स्थित असलेल्या ह्या कारखान्यामध्ये रेल्वेच्या इंजिन, प्रवासी तसेच मालवाहतूक डबे इत्यादींमध्ये वापरात येणाऱ्या सर्व प्रकारच्या स्प्रिंगांचे उत्पादन केले जाते.
रेल स्प्रिंग कारखान्याचे उद्घाटन २५ एप्रिल १९९० रोजी तत्कालीन रेल्वेमंत्री जॉर्ज फर्नान्डिस ह्यांनी केले.
26°08′37″N 78°11′12″E﻿ / ﻿26.14353°N 78.18661°E﻿ / 26.14353; 78.18661
रेल डबा कारखाना

रेल डबा कारखाना (इंग्लिश: Rail Coach Factory) हा भारतीय रेल्वेचा रेल्वे डबे तयार करणारा एक कारखाना आहे. हा कारखाना इ.स. १९८६मध्ये भारताच्या पंजाब राज्यातील कपुरथळा शहरात सुरू झाला. आत्तापर्यंत या कारखान्याने १६,००० प्रकारचे प्रवासी रेल्वे डबे तयार केले आहेत. यात स्वयंचलित वाहनांसह ५१ प्रकार शामिल आहेत.
31°19′42″N 75°21′04″E﻿ / ﻿31.32827°N 75.35108°E﻿ / 31.32827; 75.35108
रेल चाक कारखाना

रेल चाक कारखाना (इंग्लिश: Rail Wheel Factory) हा भारतीय रेल्वेचा एक कारखाना आहे. बंगळूरच्या येळहंका भागात स्थित असलेल्या ह्या कारखान्यामध्ये रेल्वेच्या इंजिन, प्रवासी तसेच मालवाहतूक डबे इत्यादींमध्ये वापरात येणारी सर्व प्रकारची चाके, आस (Axle) व निगडीत भाग बनवण्यात येतात.
१९७० च्या दशकाअखेरीस भारतीय रेल्वे आवश्यक असलेल्या चाकांपैकी ५५ टक्के चाके आयात करीत असे. भारतीय कंपन्यांपैकी केवळ टाटा लोह व स्टील कंपनी व दुर्गापूर स्टील कारखाना ह्या दोनच कंपन्या रेल्वेची चाके बनवीत असत. महागड्या आयत दरामुळे नुकसान होत असल्यामुळे भारत सरकारने स्वतःचा चाक कारखाना उघडण्याचा निर्णय घेतला. तत्कालीन पंतप्रधान इंदिरा गांधी ह्यांनी १५ सप्टेंबर १९८४ रोजी रेल चाक कारखान्याचे उद्घाटन केले.
13°06′05″N 77°35′15″E﻿ / ﻿13.10149°N 77.58755°E﻿ / 13.10149; 77.58755
Railway Museum, Mysore

The Railway Museum at Mysore, India is an outdoor exhibit of vintage locomotives.
The Railway Museum was established in 1979 by Indian Railways, the second such museum after the National Railway Museum in Delhi. The museum is opposite the Central Food Technology and Research Institute on Krishnaraja Sagar Road. It has locomotives and a gallery of photographs and paintings depicting the growth of railways in India. Railway signals and lights are also displayed. The museum has a battery-operated mini-train giving a short ride for children on the grounds.
The picture at left is a 1925 model Austin, originally an automobile made for running on road. It was later sold to a scrap dealer. A railway employee brought this car from the scrap dealer and restored it. However, he made few major changes to the car. He fitted rail wheels to the car and removed the steering. Thus it began its journey as railcar. It was used for carrying inspection officials on track. It could carry six people.
YP2511 was built by Telco in 1963. It is a meter gauge steam engine. The plate containing YP 2511 boiler's details mentions that the boiler was built in 1957. The boiler was numbered 2352.
This North Western Railway NG Tank Loco No. 119 E used firewood as fuel instead of coal. It was built by W.G. Bagnall Ltd., England in 1900. Wheel Configuration: 2-4-2 Height: 3429 mm
This is a narrow gauge steam locomotive with 4-6-2 wheel arrangement was supplied to Mysore State Railway (MSR). An ‘E’ class locomotive rebuilt with a super-heater but not reclassified as ES class, became a Southern Railway locomotive and was renumbered 506 in 1957. It was a part of a batch of three locomotives (4237-9) supplied by Kerr, Stuart and Co.Ltd., England (KS) in 1922. The MSR also had another six E, ES & ES1 class locomotives, all built by KS. The ES was used for mixed traffic operations on the Bangalore- Bangarapet line. They also worked on Kolar District & Bangalore-Chikballapur Railway.
This 2-6-2T was manufactured by W.G.Bagnall Ltd., Stafford, England in 1932 for Mysore State Railway. The TS was a metre gauge suburban tank engine, used on slow passenger services on the Bangalore-Tumkur line.
12°18′58.74″N 76°38′36.03″E﻿ / ﻿12.3163167°N 76.6433417°E﻿ / 12.3163167; 76.6433417
List of fictional vehicles

The following is a list of fictional vehicles.
Buses often appear as settings, or sometimes even characters, in works of fiction. This is a list of named buses which were important story elements in notable works of fiction, including books, films and television series.
There are many railway and other 'vehicle' characters in The Railway Series children's books by Rev. W. Awdry. For a list, please see:
Thomas the Tank Engine and Friends is the TV spin-off from The Railway Series. As such, it shares many characters with the original books but also introduces a vast array of new characters. These, too, are collated in a set of lists:
The following are lists of mixed types of vehicles, not otherwise categorized above:
Indian locomotive class WDS-6

The Indian locomotive class WDS-6 is a diesel–electric locomotive used by the Indian Railways mainly for shunting and also for performing departmental duties. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), Diesel (D), Shunting (S) engine, 6th generation (6). As of April 2022, 375 units of this class are currently in use all over India.
This class was designed in 1975 to address the need for a powerful shunting locomotive with the ability to haul 20- to 24-coach rakes. The previous WDS-4 class was found to be grossly underpowered for this kind of operation. A WDS-6 locomotive basically consists of a YDM-4 powerpack (a 6-cylinder, 4-stroke, inline, turbo-supercharged ALCo engine) mounted on a WDM-2 body frame. Beginning in 1975, these were initially manufactured solely by BLW, Varanasi, but later, the Parel Workshop started building them using CKD (completely-knocked-down) kits provided by DLW. WDS-6 units can be easily recognized by their low short hoods (with two cab windows above these) and flat-ended cabs on the long-hood end. Many of them were sold and transferred to private industrial concerns and public sector undertakings (PSUs) in huge numbers, but still display their IR road numbers.
Total Locomotives active as of March 2025 : 270
Indian locomotive class WDS-5

The class WDS-5 is a diesel–electric locomotive used by Indian Railways for shunting and doing departmental works. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), Diesel (D), Shunting (S) engine. The WDS-6 is used all over India.
The class was imported in 1967 to address the need for powerful shunting locomotive that will be able to haul 20-24 coach rakes. The previous WDS-4 class was underpowered for this kind of operation. They were manufactured by BLW varanasi using the kits provided by ALCO. The WDS-5 can easily be recognized by their shot nose and flat-ended cab at one end. Some were sold and transferred to industrial concerns and public sectors, but have IR road numbers on them.
List of time zone abbreviations

This is a list of time zone abbreviations.
Time zones are often represented by alphabetic abbreviations such as "EST", "WST", and "CST", but these are not part of the international time and date standard ISO 8601 and their use as sole designator for a time zone is discouraged.
Such designations can be ambiguous; for example, "CST" can mean China Standard Time (UTC+08:00), Cuba Standard Time (UTC−05:00), and (North American) Central Standard Time (UTC−06:00), and it is also a widely used variant of ACST (Australian Central Standard Time, UTC+9:30). Such designations predate both ISO 8601 and the internet era; in an earlier era, they were sufficiently unambiguous for many practical uses within a national context (for example, in railway timetables and business correspondence), but their ambiguity explains their deprecation in the internet era, when communications more often cannot rely on implicit geographic context to supply part of the meaning.
China-Myanmar Economic Corridor

China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) is a number of infrastructure projects supporting connectivity between Myanmar and China. It is an economic corridor of the Belt and Road Initiative.
The infrastructure development plan calls for building road and rail transportation from Yunnan Province in China through Muse and Mandalay to the seaport city, Kyaukpyu in Rakhine State. The transportation route follows gas and oil pipelines built in 2013 and 2017. At the end of the route, a port and Special Economic Zone is planned at Khaukphyu. The largest construction project along the route is the 431-kilometre (268 mi) Muse-Mandalay Railway, a project estimated to cost US$9 billion. The newly built railway would connect to the Chinese railway network at Ruili, Yunnan province.
An important part of the corridor will be three core zones at the border of both countries. The core zones will be commercial areas with duty-free concessions, hotels, manufacturing, and financial services. According to a policy plan in 2019 by the Myanmar Ministry of Commerce, the locations for the core zones would be Muse and Chinshwehaw in the northern part of Shan State and Kan Pite Tee in Kachin State.
Hindustan Construction Company

Hindustan Construction Company Limited (HCC) is an Indian multinational engineering and construction company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The company was founded by Industrialist Seth Walchand Hirachand in 1926.
HCC has executed a majority of India’s landmark infrastructure projects, including 29% of India’s hydropower capacity, over 65% of India’s nuclear power generation capacity, 3,800 km of roads and expressways, 375 bridges and 337 km of complex tunnelling.
Ajit Gulabchand is the current Chairman of the company while Arjun Dhawan is the Executive Vice Chairman.
The company was founded by Seth Walchand Hirachand in 1926, when it received a contract to construct the Bhor Ghat Tunnel on the Mumbai-Pune railway line. The tunnel was completed in 1928.
In 1993, Ajit Gulabchand took the control of the company due to internal family problems.
HCC Infrastructure Co. Ltd. is the infrastructure arm of HCC engaged in the creation and management of premium assets in transportation.
In 2010, HCC acquired a controlling stake in Steiner AG, Switzerland’s second largest building construction company in an all cash deal worth Rs 150 crore.
Administrația Rezervației Biosferei Delta Dunării

Administrația Rezervației Biosferei Delta Dunării (ARBDD) este o instituție din România care are ca scop administrarea patrimoniului natural din domeniul public de interes național al Rezervației Biosfera Delta Dunării (RBDD), precum și refacerea și protecția unităților fizico-geografice de pe teritoriul RBDD. ARBDD a fost înființată în anul 1990 și este o instituție publică aflată în subordinea Ministerului Mediului.
Obiectivele principale urmărite de ARBDD în gestionarea ecologică a teritoriului rezervației sunt:
Aeroportul Delta Dunării Tulcea

Aeroportul Delta Dunării Tulcea (IATA: TCE, ICAO: LRTC) (cunoscut și ca Aeroportul Cataloi) este situat în apropierea orașului Tulcea. Este al doilea aeroport (din două operaționale) ca importanță din Dobrogea după Aeroportul Internațional Mihail Kogălniceanu.
În 1946 s-a înființat primul teren de lucru dispus pe fostul amplasament al Lacului Zăgan în partea de est a Municipiului Tulcea.
Între 1946–1953 s-au executat lucrări de îndiguire, consolidare și drenaj a terenului de lucru și de construcție a clădirii aerogării și a celorlalte facilități aeroportuare.
1952 este anul în care se poate considera ca luând ființă Aeroportul Tulcea, acesta dispunând de facilitățile corespunzătoare pentru un aeroport:
În 1952 TARS („Transporturile aeriene româno-sovietice”) încep sa opereze și pe Aeroportul Tulcea asigurând cursele regulate pe relațile Tulcea - București - Tulcea, Tulcea - Constanța - București - Tulcea, cu avionul LI-2, iar cursa Tulcea - Galați - Tulcea cu avionul AN-2. Aceste curse transportau pasageri și marfă (pește, icre, raci, materiale de pescărie, împletituri din papură și stuf, puiet viu de pește - R.P. Chineză).
Din datele statistice reies perioade în care de pe Aeroportul Tulcea operau până la 30 de aeronave pe zi. Se pot evidenția următoarele tipuri de aeronave: Fieseler Stork, Aero-45, PO-2, I.A.R.-813, I.A.R.-817, I.A.R.-818, M.R.-2, L.I.-2.
În 1973 ia ființă noul aeroport Tulcea.
Dispunere: 3 km sud față de localitatea Cataloi și la 17 km față de Municipiul Tulcea.
Pista betonată: 2060 x 45 m, cu acostamente de 7,5 m
Cale de rulaj: 120 x 24 m
Platformă de îmbarcare/debarcare pasageri: 5 locuri de parcare ( 2 locuri B-737-800) .
Balizaj luminos Cat .II ICAO
Categoria 3 (salvare și lupta cu focul)
Facilități pentru pasageri:
Guvid mic din Delta Dunării

Guvidul mic din Delta Dunării sau guvidul pitic din Delta Dunării (Knipowitschia cameliae) este un pește mic din familia Gobiidae care trăiește pe funduri mâloase în ape salmastre. Este răspândit numai în România, unde a fost semnalat numai într-o singură lagună mică în apropiere de Portița, la sud de Delta Dunării, în complexul lagunar Golovița-Sinoe-Razelm (Complexul Razim-Sinoie). Este cel mai mic pește semnalat în Delta Dunării, cu o lungime ce nu depășește 3,2 cm. A fost descris pentru prima dată în 1994 de ihtiologii români Teodor T. Nalbant și Vasile Oțel , iar în anul următor nu a mai fost regăsit, deoarece în zonă au fost masive pesticizări contra țânțarilor, așa că acest guvid a dispărut. Este o specie pe cale de dispariție sau dispărută și figurează pe lista roșie a IUCN ca specie critic periclitată.
Mlaștina Okefenokee

Mlaștina Okefenokee (în original, Okefenokee Swamp) este o zonă joasă umedă, o mlaștină extinsă de circa 1.770 km² (echivalentul a 438.000 de acri), o zonă generatoare de turbă, aflată în partea sud-estică a statului american Georgia și în nordul statului Florida.
Cea mai mare parte a mlaștinei este protejată de două parcuri Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge și Okefenokee Wilderness. Întinderea umedă [The] Okefenokee Swamp este considerată a fi una din cele Seven Natural Wonders of Georgia (Șapte minuni naturale ale statului Georgia). În același timp, zona umedă Okefenokee este cea mai mare zonă mlăștinoasă naturală din America de Nord.
Cuvântul Okefenokee este transliterație în limba engleză însemnând în o limbă locală nativ-americană țara pământului tremurător. Întreaga zonă mlăștinoasă a fost desemnată în 1974 o zonă de National Natural Landmark.
Cursul de apă cel mai important al zonei este Râul Saint Mary (numit în original, Saint Marys River). Conform datelor culese de United States Geological Survey , cursul de apă are lungimea de circa 203 km (sau 126 mi ). Râul, care izvorăște undeva din partea sudică a zonei mlăștinoase, a fost numit după Sfânta Maria (Saint Mary în original), formând o bună parte a graniței sudice dintre statele Georgia și Florida. Traseul cursului râului Saint Mary din comitatul Baker, Florida, formeză totodată și punctele cele mai sudice ale statului Georgia.
Taliesin West

Taliesin West este un complex de clădiri cu funcții multiple, sediul unei fundații, sediul firmei de arhitecți Taliesin Associated Architects, un atelier arhitectural de iarnă și un muzeu, conceput și realizat de Frank Lloyd Wright (FLW), localizat în Scottsdale, Arizona, care a fost atât casa de iarnă cât și atelierul arhitectului între anii 1937 și 1959, anul morții sale.
Designul întregului complex a fost conceput ca una din multiplele soluții specifice arhitecturii organice date de arhitectul american de-a lungul timpului. Terenul tipic al deșertului Sonora, constând dintr-un sol lutos de culoare roșiatică, având foarte puțin humus, dar o mulțime de pietre și bucăți de roci metamorfice amestecate de-a valma în acest sol, precum și vegetația tipică zonei, constând din tufișuri joase țepoase, iarbă și diferite varietăți de cactuși, au constituit baza inspirației arhitecturii complexului.
Terenul, pe care este situat fostul atelier de iarnă al celebrului arhitect american, se găsește pe o pantă domoală a unui munte (McDowell Mountain) și a furnizat simultan nu numai așezarea ansamblului, dar și materialele de bază utilizate de Wright în construirea sa; nisip, pietriș și diferite tipuri de roci. Datorită climatului moderat, chiar blând al iernilor din Deșertul Sonoran, clădirea a fost concepută cu mari suprafețe transparente ale acoperișului și pereților, care să permită utilizarea la maximum a luminii naturale.
De-a lungul întregii sale șederi de peste 30 de ani la Taliesin West, Frank Lloyd Wright a continuat să modifice, să transforme și să adauge corpuri de clădiri și clădiri care au fost executate în întregime de către studenții săi. Multe dintre clădirile faimoase designate de Wright, printre care se pot enumera Guggenheim Museum din New York City și Grady Gammage Memorial Auditorium, sala de spectacole a Arizona State University din Tempe, Arizona, au fost concepute și finalizate în acest atelier din deșert.
Taliesin West continuă să fie sediul Fundației Frank Lloyd Wright (The Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation), precum și gazda de iarnă a Școlii de arhitectură (School of Architecture). Vizitarea complexului este permisă tot timpul anului în anumite perioade desemnate. Întregul complex a fost numit zonă de interes istoric național (conform, National Historic Landmark) în 1982. O restaurare completă a zonelor personale ale doamnei și domnului Wright a fost terminată în 2004.
Taliesin West este folosit ca loc de desfășurare al unei părți a acțiunii romanului de science fiction a lui Dan Simmons, The Rise of Endymion.
Edwin Hubble

Edwin Powell Hubble (n. 20 noiembrie 1889, Marshfield, Missouri, SUA – d. 28 septembrie 1953, San Marino, California, SUA) a fost un astronom și cosmolog american, fondatorul astronomiei extragalactice.
Hubble a schimbat profund înțelegerea felului în care trebuie să concepem Universul prin demonstrarea existenței altor galaxii, altele decât cea a noastră, Calea Lactee.
În anul 1923-1924 a reușit să calculeze depărtarea la care se afla nebuloasa Andromeda, pe baza stelelor variabile din zona marginală a galexiei noastre.
Hubble a descoperit, de asemenea, modul corect de aplicare al Efectului Doppler la expansiunea universului, numit specific în astronomie și cosmologie deplasarea spre roșu. Efectul observat de el în modificarea spectrul electromagnetic al galaxiilor stabilea o proporționalitate între variația spectrului electromagnetic al unei anumite galaxii și depărtarea acesteia de planeta noastră, Pământ. Această proporționalitate, care a devenit cunoscută ca legea lui Hubble, a definit și a măsurat expansiunea universului.
Hubble este adesea creditat incorect cu descoperirea efectului deplasării spre roșu, efectul Doppler, în cazul galaxiilor, dar acest fenomen fusese observat de alți astronomi în anii 1910, incluzând pe Vesto Slipher de la observatorul Lowell. Slipher raportase observarea efectului de deplasare spre albastru, dar și cel al deplasării spre roșu în spectrul galaxiilor spirală, indicând mișcarea brațelor acestora către și înspre Pământ, aceste deplasării fiind dovada indirectă a rotației acestor galaxii. În aceeași perioadă de timp, alte măsurători ale deplasărilor spre roșu și analize ale semnificației acestora au fost realizate de James Keeler la observatoarele astronomice Lick și Allegheny, respectiv de William Campbell, la același observatorul Lick.
Hubble a descoperit și un asteroid, la 30 august 1935, care a fost ulterior numit 1373 Cincinnati. Hubble a scris de asemenea, O prezentare observațională a cosmologiei (în original, The Observational Approach to Cosmology), respectiv Tărâmul nebuloaselor (în original, The Realm of the Nebulae), în aproximativ aceeași perioadă de timp.
Peter Mayhew

Peter William Mayhew (n. 19 mai 1944, Greater London, Anglia, Regatul Unit – d. 30 aprilie 2019, Boyd, Texas, SUA) a fost un actor britanico-american. El a fost cel mai bine cunoscut pentru rolul lui Chewbacca în seria de filme Războiul stelelor. Mayhew a jucat personajul în toate aparițiile sale live-action, de la originalul din 1977 la Războiul stelelor: Trezirea Forței din 2015, înainte de a se retrage din rol.
List of ecoregions in Europe

The continent of Europe comprises a large part of the Palearctic ecozone, with many unique biomes and ecoregions. Biogeographically, Europe is tied closely to Siberia, commonly known as the Euro-Siberian region.
The European Environmental Agency (EEA) divides Europe into a total of eleven terrestrial biogeographical regions and seven regional seas. The agency has issued the Digital Map of European Ecological Regions (DMEER), and operates with a total of 70 ecoregions, of which 58 are within the European continent. Some of these ecoregions are congruent with the World Wildlife Fund's (WWF) ecoregions, and some are not.
Below is an exhaustive list of the ecoregions of Europe as defined by the WWF.
Terrestrial Global 200 ecoregions in Europe comprise three regions of Scandia alpine tundra and taiga, which is present in Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden:
Other Global 200 ecoregions:
Global 200 Large river delta ecoregions in Europe:
Small river ecoregions:
There are no marine Global 200 ecoregions in Europe.
Letea Forest

Letea Forest is the oldest natural reservation in Romania. It was established in 1938, when the Romanian Council of Ministers passed Decision No. 645 declaring the forest a nature reserve. It is located between the Sulina and Chilia branches of Danube in the Danube Delta. It covers an area of approximately 2,825 ha or 6,980 acres or 28.25 km.
This forest was the initial foundation of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, which has been declared a World Heritage Site. It was internationally recognized as a Biosphere Reserve under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme in 1992.
It has a subtropical aspect, due to the presence of the tropical creeper named Periploca graeca. This is a Mediterranean plant which finds its most northern refuge in the Danube Delta. Along with this, types of liana and other climbing plants are woven on the branches of the trees, such as the wild vine, common hop and the ivy.
Letea Forest is formed mainly from trees like white poplar, black poplar, elm tree, English oak, silver lime, narrow-leafed ash and common alder. Along with those above, it is completed by a great diversity of sub-shrub species.
It is also home to a rich faunal assemblage, including the red-footed falcon, the white-tailed eagle, the roller, the hoopoe, the Vipera ursinii and the Danube Delta horse. There are approximately 1600 insect species identified from the reservation.
List of tributaries of the Danube

This is a list of tributaries of the Danube by order of entrance.
The Danube is Europe's second-longest river. It starts in the Black Forest in Germany as two smaller rivers—the Brigach and the Breg—which join at Donaueschingen, and it is from here that it is known as the Danube, flowing generally eastwards for a distance of some 2,850 km (1,770 mi), passing through several Central and Eastern European capitals, before emptying into the Black Sea via the Danube Delta in Romania.
The Danube flows through—or forms a part of the borders of—ten countries: Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine; in addition, the drainage basin includes parts of nine more countries: Poland, Switzerland, Italy, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Albania.
Balkan–Danubian culture

The Balkan–Danubian culture was an early medieval archaeological culture which emerged in the region of the Lower Danube in the 8th century and flourished until the 11th century. In Bulgaria it is usually referred to as the Pliska–Preslav culture, while in Romania it is called the Dridu culture. It is better represented in the territory of modern-day Central and Northern Bulgaria, although it probably spread north of the Danube as well due to the continuous extension of the First Bulgarian Empire over the territory of present-day Romania. The Balkan–Danubian culture is described as an early Slavic-Bulgar culture, but besides Slavic and Bulgar elements it also possesses some Romance components. However, this only appears in the southern regions of what is now southern Bulgaria, all of which were heavily influenced by the Byzantine Empire. Famous examples of this architecture are the early Bulgarian capitals of Pliska and Preslav, in addition to the Palace of Omurtag and the Murfatlar Cave Complex. Some scholars partition this culture in two subgroups. Because the Byzantine influence was stronger in the south, the northern finds are entirely Slavic with some Turkic impression.
Grivița

Grivița ([ˈɡrivitsa]) is a district of Bucharest, Romania, centered on the Grivița Railway Yards (Atelierele CFR Grivița), which were and still are an important landmark within the manufacturing landscape of the city. Located near Gara de Nord, their history dates back to the late decades of the 19th century, when they were developed in order to perform maintenance and overhaul of railway equipment serving Căile Ferate Române.
The name reflects the Romanian spelling for Grivitsa, a village near Pleven, where one of the Ottoman redoubts in the Plevna's defenses was stormed and captured with heavy casualties by the Romanian Army during the Romanian War of Independence (see Siege of Plevna). In honor of this victory, Calea Târgoviștei, a street in Bucharest that led to the road that connected the capital with the city of Târgoviște, is renamed Calea Griviței.
What initially started only to serve the city of Bucharest and the surrounding areas, grew over time into a cornerstone of the entire railway industry of Romania. In the interwar period, after the start of the Great Depression in Romania, Grivița Railway Yards also become a focal point of the labor movement. The Grivița Strike of 1933 and its violent repression by the authorities are still remembered in Romania.
During the communist regime, their name was changed to Grivița Roșie ("Red Grivița"), in memory of the 1933 events. The area surrounding the Yards, one of the oldest of the city of Bucharest, became known as Cartierul Grivița ("Grivița Borough"), populated by the workers of Grivița Railway Yards. To this day it remains a blue collar neighborhood.
44°27′44″N 26°03′25″E﻿ / ﻿44.462241°N 26.057017°E﻿ / 44.462241; 26.057017
Wakatu sumbayang

Wakatu sumbayang adolah wakatu tatantu dek umaik Muslim untuak malakuan ibadah sumbayang. Istilah tasabuik paguno untuak marujuak limo ibadah sumbayang harian tamasuak sumbayang Jumaik, nan biasonyo balakuan pado wakatu sumbayang Luhua salain pado hari Jumaik dimano sumbayang tasabuik bawajibkan balakuan sacaro bajamaah. Wakatu sumbayang didapek dari Allah kapado Muhammad.
Wakatu sumbayang bapangaruhi dek pagarakan matoari jo tampek suatu wilayah dan indak dipangaruhi dek zona wakatu suatu wilayah. Wakatu sumbayang tarutamo salat fardu bamulo sojak azan bakumandang pado awal wakatu salat hinggo kumandang azan untuak sumbayang barikuiknyo.
Media tantang Wakatu sumbayang di Wikimedia Commons
Musala

Musala atau mushalla (Arab: مصلى; terjemahan: muṣallá) adolah ruang, lapangan, atau bangunan nan tapisah dari musajik, utamonyo dipakai untuak sumbayang (salat) dalam Islam. Namo ruang iko barasa dari kato karajo لى (ṣallā), nan aratinyo "sumbayang". Sacaro khusus, dipakai untuak salat Idulfitri, Iduladha, atau salat janazah sasuai sunnah.
Musala juo marujuak ka ruangan, struktur, atau tampek untuak malakukan salat wajib dan biasonyo disabuik juo jo "ruang sumbayang/ruang salat" nan labiah ketek daripado musajik. Biasonyo dipakai untuak salat wajib limo wakatu atau salat lainnyo nan hanyo bisa dalam jumlah ketek jamaah, tapi indak untuak sumbayang nan bajamaah gadang cando salat jumaik. Musalla cando iko banyak tasuo di tampek-tampek umum sarupo di labuahan udaro, mall, universitas, kantua, atau tampek-tampek umum lainnyo. Ruang ibadaik mode ko banyak tasuo di nagara-nagara mayoritas Muslim. Biasonyo, sabuah musala indak mampunyoi mimbar katik. Musala dalam bantuak struktur tapisah disabuik juo sabagai surau atau langgar.
Salman al-Farisi

Salman Al-Farisi iyoah salah surang sahabaik nabi Muhammad SAW lahia jo namo panjang Mabah bin Mousilan bin Bahbudzan bin fairuz bin Shark Al-Isfahani. nan baimbau Abu Abdullah jo bagala Salman Al-Khair. sabalun basuo jo islam lika jo iku idiuk nyo sangek panjang parnah manjadi panjago api di tampek sumbayang urang-urang ''persia'', suatu katiko inyo mailiek urang ''Nasrani'' sumbayang inyo tapikek jo sumbayang urang-urang Nasrani tu tu inyo masuak pulo ka agamo nasrani tu.
Kalenteng See Hin Kiong

Kalenteng See Hin Kiong iolah tampek sumbayang urang Cino di Padang, Sumatera Barat. Kalenteng ko dulunyo banamo Kwan Im dibuek katiko maso Lie Goan Hoat.
Masuaknyo pandatang Cino ka Padang manjadian kalenteng sabagai hal nan paralu ado. Dulunyo di Kota Padang indak ado kalenteng samo sakali. Katiko itu Suku Tjiang dan Tjoan tibo untuak manggaleh di kota Padang. Sasudah tu dibuek Kalenteng Kwan Im (Kwan Im Teng) pado taun 1861 jo mupakaik Rajo Ham Hong Taun Sien Yu. Mulonyo Kwan Im Teng iolah bangunan nan tabuek dari kayu, atok dari rumbio sarupo seng. Dek kalalaian pendeta Sae Kong mako tajadilah kabakaran sainggo Kalenteng Kwan Im manjadi abu.
Urang Asali

Urang Asali (bahaso Malayu: Orang Asli) adolah kalompok panduduak asali sarato panguni tatuo di Tanjuang Malaya. Ado 18 kalompok etnik Urang Asali, nan dikalompokkan badasaan bahaso-bahaso sarato adaik-adaik nan balainan:
Ado duo kalompok etnik utamo bantuak Kalompok Samang jo Sanoi, nan marupokan panutua Bahaso Austroasiatik atau disabuik pulo sabagai Bahaso Mon–Khmer, adolah urang-urang asali dari Tanjuang Malaya. Urang Proto-Malayu, nan babahaso Bahaso Austronesia, bapindah ka wilayah tasabuik sakironyo pado tahun 2500 SM sampai ka tahun 1500 SM. Urang Proto-Malayu dikalompokan jo paniliti sabagai Urang Malayu tapi dikalompokkan baliak ka dalam Urang Asali dek Panjajah Inggirih karano kasamoan dari gayo iduik, susunan masyarakaik, sarato ekonomi jo Urang Urang Sanoi jo Samang.
Urang Asali adolah ciek dari 95 kalompok-kalompok etnik asali Malaysia, Urang Asa, nan mampunyoi adaik jo bahaso nan lain.
Ado sabuah Musium Urang Asali di Malako, jo Gombak, sakironyo 25 kilometer di balah utaro Kualo Lumpua.
Urang Cino

Urang Cino atau Tionghoa (ijoan Hokkien dari kato Cino simplified: 中华; Cino tradisional: 中華; pinyin: zhonghua; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiong-hôa) atau Huaren (华人) adolah sebutan di Indonesia untuak urang-urang dari suku atau banso Cino. Kato Tionghoa ko dalam bahaso Indonesia acok dipakai untuak manggantian kato "Cina" nan mampunyoi konotasi negatif. Kato ko juo dapek marujuak kapado urang-urang Cino nan tingga di lua Republik Rakyaik Cino, co di Indonesia (Cino Indonesia), Malaysia (Cino Malaysia), Singapura, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Amerika Serikat, dsb.. Dek itu, dalam bahaso Indonesia, istilah urang Tionghoa jo urang Tiongkok mampunyoi pabedaan makna; nan partamo marujuak pado etnis atau suku bangso, nan kaduo marujuak pado kawarganagaraan Republik Rakyaik Cino. Urang-urang Cino nan pai marantau umumnyo disabuik sabagai urang Cino parantauan (Hoakiao).
Di Cino surang, konsep sarupo takana jo namo Huaxia (Cino simplified: 華夏) nan marujuak pado konsep bangso sarato paradaban Cino, nan basumber dari kasadaran banso Han (kalompok etnis mayoritas di Cino Daratan, nan barasa dari Dinasti Han) jo niniak muyangnyo, nan sacaro kolektif disabuik sabagai Huaxia. Sadang istilah Zhonghua surang dipakai sacaro rasmi dalam namo nagara, baiak pado wakatu sabalun Parang Dunia II (Republik Cino - Zhonghua minguo) maupun sasudah Parang Saudara Cino (Republik Rakyaik Cino - Zhonghua remin gongheguo)
Urang Antaimoro

Urang Antaimoro adolah sabuah kalompok etnik di Madagaskar nan banyak bamukim di Manakara and Farafangana. Bajumlah sabanyak 500.000 urang, etnik iko dulunyo bahubuangan jo padagang Arab nan baasa dari Makah pado abaik ka-14 atau abaik ka-15. Wakatu tingga di Madagaskar, Urang Arab iko mamualafkan Urang Antaimoro; tatapi Agamo Islam bacampua jo adaik satampek mambuek suatu sinkretisme nan baru bagi Urang Antaimoro. Walaupun bantuak itu, larangan dalam Agamo Islam tetap dipatahankan bantuak fady nan baisi larangan mamakan babi. Pado abaik ka-16, sabuah Karajoan Antaimoro dibantuak, mangganti kuaso Zafiraminia, nan bakuturanan dari Urang Arab juo.
"Antaimoro", dalam Bahaso Malagasi, baarti "urang pasisi". Urang Antaimoro banyak bamukim di pasisi tinggaro, paliang banyak di Manakara jo Farafangana. Urang Antaimoro adolah katurunan nan bacampue dari Urang Muslim nan bamukim di Madagaskar pado abaik ka-14 dan bakawin jo urang-urang asli satampek. Pado tahun 2013, jumlah Urang Antaimoro dipakiroan sabanyak 500.000 urang. Walaupun ado nan mamauikkan Urang Antaimoro jo Urang Arab, tapi sabagian ilimuwan manolak dan mangecek Urang Antaimoro bahubuangan jo urang-urang dari Pasisi Swahili.
Urang Antandroi

Urang Antanroi (Malagas: Antandroy, atau biaso pulo disabuik Tandroy) adolah kalompok etnik nomaden di Madagaskar nan bamukim di wilayah kariang di sabalah salatan Pulau Madagaskar nan disabuik Anroi. Urang Antanroi mampunyoi pitarah nan baasa dari Afrika Timur. Pado abaik ka-17, Antanroi dibantuak dari panggabungan kaduo kalompok basa nan diparintah Dinasti Zafimaniri sampai takanai bah nan mambuek pamarintahan runtuh pado tahun 1790. Tanah jo iklim Tandroi nan sulik mambuek Urang Antanroi takuruang dari urang-urang lain di Madagaskar, mambuek Urang Antanroi sulik dikuasoi Karajoan Imerina pado abaik ka-19. Sajak merdeka, hiduik Urang Antanroi nan sabana sulik mambuek urang-urang iko marantau dan bakawin jo kalompok etnik nan lain. Kalompok iko punyo paranan kuek dalam membuek protes nan mangakhiri pamarintahan Presiden Philibert Tsirananan, pado tahun 1972.
Namo Antanroi baarti "urang-urang samak baduri" nan marujuak ka tanaman samak baduri nan marupoan tanaman endemik di wilayah Barat Dayo Magaskar. Urang Antanroi banyak bamukim di Anroi, nan talatak di antaro Amboasara jo Beloha dan antaro lauik jo Bekili; pamukiman Antandroi tapusek di Ambovombe. Rupo Urang Antandroi labiah mirip Urang Afrika Timur daripado Urang Austronesia. Urang Antanroi adolah katurunan dari Urang Sakalava.
Sakironyo, ado 600.000 Urang Antanroi pado tahun 2013. Urang Antanroi adolah kalompok etnik paliang banyak kalimo di Madagaskar.
Urang Mahafal

Urang Mahafali adolah kalompok etnik di Madagaskar nan bamukim di wilayah Betioki-Ampanihi. Istilah Mahafali baarati "urang-urang nan mansucikan diri" atau "urang-urang nan mambuek kabahagiaan". Pado tahun 2013, dipakirokan ado sakironyo 150.000 Urang Mahafali di Madagaskar. Urang Mahafali dipicayo tibo di Madagaskar dari Afrika Tinggaro sakironyo pado abaik ka-12. Urang Sakalava dikanai untuak makam basa nan dibuek untuak mangaromaikkan rajo-rajo jo hulubalang nan mati. Urang Mahafali tautamo bakarajo sabagai pataranak sapi, tautamo babahaso dialek dari Bahaso Malagasi, nan tamasuak ka dalam Rumpun bahaso Malayu-Polinesia.
Namo dari kalompok etnik iko alah dipakai jo urang-urang Malagasi nan lainnyo jo urang asing untuak menyabuik urang-urang nan pado mulonyo bamukim di pasisia barat daya di Madagaskar, takuruang sabagai pulau dek Batang Menarandra jo Batang Onilahi. Urang iko surang indak mamakai namo iko untuak manyabuik sabagai kalompok etnik nan ciek; namo Mahafal indak bamakno sama sakali bagi urang-urang nan bamukim di wilayah-wilayah di sinan. Wilayah nan tabanyak dimukimkan jo Urang Mahafali tapusek di sapanjang tapian batang nan mangalia di sapanjang wilayah kariang.
Peraturan terhadap Urang Cino di Indonesia

Pado maso Orde Lamo jo Orde Baru, pamarintah Indonesia mangaluakan babarapo paraturan perundang-undangan nan sacaro khusus maatua masyarakat Urang Cino. Salapeh maso Reformasi, sabagian gadang paraturan iko alah dihapuih, sairiang dipelokannyo hak-hak Urang Cino dek hukum Indonesia.
Paraturan hukum patamo nan maatua tentang Urang Cino dikaluaan pado tahun 1854 nan maagiah kewarganegaraan Hindia Balando untuak saluruah Urang Cino nan lahia di wilayah Hindia. Namun, katantuan itu baubah pado tahun 1892, katiko Urang Cino dikalompokan baliak manjadi "bangsa Timur Asing" (Vreemde Oosterlingen). Hukum perdata Hindia, nan maambiak asas-asas hukum perdata di Balando sasuai asas konkordansi, menganggap sadonyo urang nan lahia di Balando atau wilayah jajahannyo sabagai warga negara Dalam katantuan hukum perdata nan diatua dek Burgerlijke Wetboek, Urang Cino diakui sabagai golongan nan tapisah.
Pado tahun 1910, Undang-Undang Kewarganegaraan Balando nan alah diubah menetapkan status saluruah urang non-Eropa sabagai "kawula Balando" (Nederlandsch onderdonen), nan bararti hak atas kewarganegaraan Balando di lua negeri jo hak untuak diadili dek pengadilan Eropa di Hindia. Salah satu panyebab parubahan iko adolah dikaluakannyo Undang-Undang Kewarganegaraan Republik Tiongkok 1909 nan mangakui saluruah urang nan mamiliki katurunan Urang Cino sabagai warga negara Republik Tiongkok sasuai asas jus sanguinis.
Pado Undang-Undang Dasar nan disahkan pado tahun 1945, warga negara Indonesia diartian sabagai "urang bangsa Indonesia asli jo urang-urang bangsa lain nan disahkan jo undang-undang sabagai warga negara". Katantuan iko manimbuakan "keadaan kewarganegaraan pasif". Bagi Urang Cino, nan manimbuakan katakuikan bahwasonyo urang cino ka diperlakukan sabagai warga negara kelas duo di Republik Indonesia.
Malalui Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 1946 tentang Kewarganegaraan (kamudian diubah dek Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 1947 jo Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1948), urang "bangsa Indonesia asli" jo urang nan baumua diateh 21 tahun nan alah tingga labiah dari limo tahun di bekas wilayah jajahan Hindia Balando ditetapkan sabagai warga negara Indonesia. Katantuan iko manjamin hak kewarganegaraan Indonesia terhadap Urang Cino nan sabalumnyo bakewarganegaraan Balando.
Urang Lembak

Urang Lambak adolah etnis nan pamukimannyo taseba di kota Bengkulu, Bengkulu Utara, kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah, kabupaten Rejang Lebong, kabupaten Kepahiang. Urang Lembak di kabupaten Rejang Lebong bamukim di kecamatan Padang Ulak Tanding, Sindang Kelingi, dan Kota Padang. Di kabupaten Kepahiang, suku Lembak mauni desa Suro Lembak.
Urang Lembak juo mauni wilayah daerah Kota Lubuklinggau dan kabupaten Musi Rawas nan ado di wilayah provinsi Sumatra Selatan nan biaso disabuik sabagai urang Sindang.
Urang Lembak tu surang tabagi manjadi tigo marga atau suku yaitu:
Bahaso urang Lembak disabuik bahaso Lembak, atau bahaso Col.
Urang Lembak tamasuak dalam golongan Malayu Sumatera Selatan, sainggo arek ubuangannyo budayo urang-urang Rejang, Serawai, Basemah, jo budayo urang Lembak.
Urang Singkil

Urang Singkil adolah kalompok etnik nan barasa dari Kabupaten Aceh Singkil jo Kota Subulussalam Subulussalam, Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia. Etnik ko mampunyoi hubuangan nan dakek jo urang Pakpak dek sacaro bahaso mampunyoi bahaso nan ampia sarupo. Walau baitu, kaduo etnis ko amaik babeda jauah dalam manjalankan adaik jo budayonyo dek sacaro agamo jo kapicayoan nan dianuik babeda. Urang Singkil mayoritas baragamo Islam, sadangkan urang Pakpak mayoritas baragamo Kristen. Dalam kasaharian, urang Singkil acok bahubuangan jo urang Aceh jo urang Minangkabau inggo acok tajadi pakawinan antaro urang Singkil jo kaduo etnis tasabuik.
Yesus

Yesus (pron.: /ˈdʒiːzəs/; bahaso Yunani: Ἰησοῦς Iēsous; c. 6 SM-4 SM — 29-33) disabuik juo Yesus dari Nazaret adolah tokoh utamo dalam agamo Kristen. Yesus di dalam Kakristenan dikana juo jo sabutan Kristus.
Urang Kristen picayo baso Yesus adolah Anak Allah, Tuhan, Mesias, jo Juru Salamaik umaik manusia. Sadangkan agamo Yahudi manulak pandangan baso Yesus adolah surang Mesias nan alah dinubuatkan dalam Tanakh kitab suci mareka.
Dalam agamo Islam, Yesus disabuik jo namo Isa (bahaso Arab: عيسى, `Īsā, Essa). Isa marupoan salah surang dari limo nabi Ulul Azmi. Dalam Al-Qur'an, inyo disabuik Isa bin Maryam atau Isa al-Masih. Inyo diangkek manjadi nabi pado taun 29 M sarato ditugaskan badakwah kapado Bani Israil di Palestina.
Namonyo disabuikan sabanyak 25 kali di dalam Al-Quran. Carito tantang Isa kamudian balanjuik jo pangangkekannyo sabagai utusan Allah, panulakan dek Bani Israil jo baakhia jo pangangkekan dirinyo ka sarugo.
Harlot's Prayer

Harlot's Prayer (Indonesian: Tuhan, Izinkan Aku Berdosa; lit. God, Allow Me to Sin) is a 2023 Indonesian drama film directed by Hanung Bramantyo from a screenplay by Ifan Ismail, based on the 2003 novel Tuhan Izinkan Aku Menjadi Pelacur! by Muhiddin M. Dahlan. It stars Aghniny Haque as Kiran. It had its world premiere at the 2023 Jakarta Film Week on 27 October 2023 and was released in Indonesian theatres on 22 May 2024.
The film received four nominations at the 2024 Indonesian Film Festival, including Best Actress (Haque).
Kiran spends her youth dedicated to serving her community and religious figures she deeply respects. However, after experiencing multiple losses and betrayals, she decides to break away from her faith, taking control of her own thoughts and body in a rebellious act. She then chooses to take even bigger risks, exposing herself to greater danger.
The development of the script began in 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. In February 2023, it was announced that Dapur Films optioned the film adaptation rights to adapt the 2003 novel Tuhan Izinkan Aku Menjadi Pelacur! by Muhiddin M. Dahlan into a feature film, alongside the cast announcement of Aghniny Haque and Andri Mashadi. The principal photography began in May 2023, taking place at the University of Amikom in Yogyakarta.
Harlot's Prayer had its world premiere at the 2023 Jakarta Film Week, competing for the Global Feature Award, on 27 October 2023. It was also screened at the 18th Jogja-NETPAC Asian Film Festival during the Indonesian Film Showcase section. The film was released in Indonesian theatres on 22 May 2024. It garnered 442,663 admissions during its first ten days. It garnered 655,725 admissions during its theatrical run.
Ja'i

Ja'i is an Indonesian dance used in Sa'o Ngaza rites to express gratitude and excitement. The dance is usually displayed in the middle of the village; site as a sacred place of worship. Ja'i dance has the characteristics and uses little space in the form of rows and performed repeatedly. As a communal dance, the beauty and allure of Ja'i lies in uniformity, and the energy of the dancers.
Music instruments that used to accompany the Ja'i dance is five gong and three tambur.