davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
بینگن کا بھرتہ

بینگن کا بھرتا ایک جنوبی ایشیائی پکوان ہے جو بینگن ( بیگن ) کو باریک کرکے اور اسے ٹماٹر، پیاز، جڑی بوٹیاں اور مصالحے کے ساتھ ملا کر تیار کی جاتی ہے۔
ہندوستان، پاکستان اور بنگلہ دیش میں، بینگن بھرتا ہر دلعزیز اور مقبول کھانوں کا حصہ ہے۔ ہندوستان میں یہ مختلف علاقائی انداز میں بنایا جاتا ہے جس کے اجزاء ایک خطے سے دوسرے خطے میں مختلف ہوتے ہیں۔ روایتی طور پر اس پکوان کو اکثر روٹی، نان یا پراٹھے کے ساتھ کھایا جاتا ہے اور اسے چاول یا رائتہ کے ساتھ بھی پیش کیا جاتا ہے جو دہی کا سلاد ہے۔ بہار اور اتر پردیش میں اسے لٹی یا باٹی کے ساتھ گرم گرم پیش کیا جاتا ہے۔
اس پکوان کے کئی علاقائی نام ہیں، جیسے: بینگن کا بھرتا (ہندی: बैंगन का भरता)، بانگن دا بھرتا (پنجابی: બેંગણ દા ભઢથા)، رنگن نو اورو (گجراتی: રીંગણનો ઓઢો)، پورا بیگنا ستونی (آسامی: পুপুা বেঙো বেঙোটিি) یا بینگنا پتیکا، بنگالی میں بینگنا بھرتا، اولو (گجراتی)، تیلگو میں پچی پلسو۔
پہلے بینگن کو آگ پر سینکا جاتا ہے۔ بینگن کو براہ راست آگ پرسینکنے سے دھواں دار ذائقہ آتا ہے۔ بینگن کو پھر پکے ہوئے کٹے ہوئے ٹماٹر، بھوری پیاز، ادرک، لہسن، زیرہ، تازہ لال مرچ ( دھنیا کے پتے)، کالی مرچ اور سرسوں کا تیل ملایا جاتا ہے۔
کچھ غیر پنجابی اقسام میں ٹماٹر اور بعض اوقات پیاز کا استعمال نہیں کیا جاتا۔
گجرات میں، اسے رنگین نو اورو (گجراتی: રીંગણનો ઓળો) کہا جاتا ہے، جس میں بینگن کو بھونا جاتا ہے، پھر پیسا جاتا ہے اور پھر سرسوں اور زیرہ، ہلدی، لال مرچ پاؤڈر، ادرک اور لہسن اور نمک کے ساتھ بھونا جاتا ہے۔ اسے باجرے کے ساتھ پیش کیا جاتا ہے۔
کرناٹک میں، اسے اینگی کہا جاتا ہے اور پورے بینگن کو ابال کر اور فرائی کرکے تیار کیا جاتا ہے جسے عام طور پر اکی روٹی کے ساتھ پیش کیا جاتا ہے۔ جنوبی ہندوستان کی ریاست تامل ناڈو میں، تامل اسی طرح کی ایک ڈش تیار کرتے ہیں جسے کاتھریکائی تھائیر کوتھسو کہتے ہیں، جس میں بینگن کو سرسوں، لال مرچوں اور تل کے تیل سے پکایا جاتا ہے، پیس کر بھونا جاتا ہے۔ تیاری کے آخری مرحلے میں آمیزے میں دہی شامل کرکے ڈش کو دھنیا کے پتوں سے تیار کر لیا جاتا ہے۔
جھال مورھی

جھال موڑھی
جھال موڑھی بہت ہی عمدہ ذائقہ دار اور گلیوں میں ملنے والا ہلکاپھلکا کلکتہ کا مشہور ناشتا ہے، یہ ہلکا کھانا بھنے ہوئے چاول اوردیگرذائقہ دار پسندیدہ چیزوں سے بنتاہے جیسے بھنی ہوئی مونگ پھلی ،پیاز،ٹماٹر،اور ابلے ہوئے آلو،مسالا پاؤڈراورجڑی بوٹیا وغیرہ۔بنگالی زبان میں ٫٫جھال،،کومسالہ اور بھنے ہوئے چاول کو موڑھی کہتے ہیں۔
محلوں میں ملنے والے دیگرعمدہ ناشتے کی طرح جھال موڑھی بھی لذیز ہوتا ہے،اسے چٹپٹاکہتے ہیں،اس میں بہت سی چیزیں ملائی جاتی ہیں خاص طور سے سرسوں کا تیل،
یہ چاولوں کا بھنا ہوا ناشتا اس وقت بہت لذیذ ہوجاتا ہے جب اس میں سرسوں کے تیل کی خوشبو کھاتے وقت محسوس ہوتی ہے ۔
ہندوستان کے بہت سے صوبوں میں بھنے چاول کے ناشتا کا ایک مقام ہے ۔ مہاراشٹر امیں اسے بیل پوری کہتے ، کرناٹک میں چرمرے وغیرہ کہتے ہیں۔ آندھرا پردیش یاسمین میں بوروگلاکہتے ہیں،ان کے علاؤہ بھنے ہوئے چاول وں سے نہیں بنائے جاتے لیکن انکا ذائقہ جھال موری کی طرح ہوتا ہے۔
گھی

گھی صاف مکھن سے بنایا جاتا ہے جو بر صغیر میں زمانۂ قدیم سے خوراک کے حصّہ کے طور پر مستعمل ہے۔ مکھن کو گرم کرنے کے بعد گھی بنایا جاتا ہے۔
بھارت میں گھی کی منڈی 10،000 کروڑ یا 2016ء تک 1.5 بلین امریکی ڈالر ہے۔ بھارت دنیا کا سب سے بڑا بھینسوں اور گائے کا دودھ؛ پیدا کرنے والا ملک ہے اور اس کے نتیجہ میں بھارت؛ گھی کا سب سے بڑا پیداواری اور صارف بھی ہے۔
پاکستان میں گھی اور تیل کی سالانہ استعمال؛ پچاس لاکھ ٹن تک ہے، جب کہ غیر رسمی شعبے جیسے دیسی گھی ، سرسوں کا تیل وغیرہ کا حصہ تقریباً 400 چار لاکھ ٹن ہے۔ تاہم 300،000 ٹن تک گھی اور تیل زیادہ تر فوڈ انڈسٹری کے ذریعے کھایا جاتا ہے، جو غیر معیاری اور غیر خوردنی قسم کے خام مال سے بنایا جاتا ہے۔
Rabi crop

Rabi crops or the rabi harvest, also known as winter crops, are agricultural crops that are sown in winter and harvested in the spring in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Complementary to the rabi crop is the kharif crop, which is grown after the rabi and zaid crops are harvested one after another respectively.
The word rabi was borrowed from Persian: ربيع, romanized: rabī, lit. 'spring'.
The words kharif and rabi have their origins in Arabic. These came to be used in India with the ascent of the Mughal empire in the Indian subcontinent and have been widely used ever since. The term is derived from the Arabic word for "spring", which is used in the Indian subcontinent, where it is the spring harvest (also known as the "winter crop").
Rabi crops are sown around mid-November, preferably after the monsoon rains are over, and harvesting begins in April / May. The crops are grown either with rainwater that has percolated into the ground or using irrigation. Good rain in winter spoils rabi crops but is good for kharif crops.
The major rabi crop in India is wheat, followed by barley, mustard, sesame and peas. Peas are harvested early, as they are ready early: Indian markets are flooded with green peas from January to March, peaking in February.
Many crops are cultivated in both kharif and rabi seasons. The crops produced in India are seasonal and highly dependent on these two monsoons. The table below contains a list of differences between the three cropping seasons in India.
The Indian government also offers Minimum Support Price for these crops, so that the farmers can benefit from the harvest.
List as follows. These are rabi harvests rather than crops as that term is usually applied to annuals and not perennials:
Marot

Marot (Punjabi, Urdu: مروٹ) is a city in Bahawalnagar District in Punjab, Pakistan. This city is situated at the border with India. This city is situated 50 km from Fort Abbas, 160 km from Bahawalnagar and 100 km from Bahawalpur. The population of the city is estimated 20,000, with some 280,000 in the entire district. It contains some notable forts such as Marot Fort, Jaamgarh, Mojgarh and Meergarh.
Local people are largely associated with farming and major crops are wheat, cotton, mustard and sugarcane.
The spoken languages are Punjabi and Urdu.
Chorispora tenella

Chorispora tenella is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by several common names, including purple mustard, blue mustard, musk mustard, and crossflower. This mustard is native to parts of Eurasia but is well known in other parts of the world, particularly in temperate regions, as an introduced species and a noxious weed.
This is an annual herb reaching a maximum of half a meter in height. It has wavy-edged alternate leaves of lanceolate or oblanceolate shape of up to 8 centimeters long, and glandular hairs are typically observed on most parts of the plant. The four tiny petals of each cruciform flower emerge from a loose tube of sepals and spread into a corolla about a centimeter wide. The flowers are lavender to pale magenta in color, and a field heavily infested with purple mustard can take on a distinct lavender wash. The flowers have a light scent—more noticeable when many individual plants are blooming together in a large area—which is considered unpleasant by some and fragrant by others. The fruits are long upturned cylindrical capsules about 4 centimeters long containing round, reddish-brown seeds that eventually burst from the fruit pods.
According to the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, the word origin of the scientific name for this species is as follows:
This is a tenacious weed which can be troublesome in agriculture. It reduces yields in grain fields and when it is consumed by dairy cattle it gives their milk a bad taste and odor. This plant reproduces by seed, so any control method preventing the plants from setting seed is effective.
Outside of its native range, this species commonly occurs in areas where the soil has been disturbed, as well as along roadways, in pastures, and in steppe habitats.
Sisymbrium altissimum

Sisymbrium altissimum is a species of Sisymbrium. The plant is native to the western part of the Mediterranean Basin and is widely naturalized throughout most of the world, including all of North America. After maturity it forms a tumbleweed. Common names of the plant include Jim Hill mustard, tall tumblemustard, tall mustard, tumble mustard, tumbleweed mustard, tall sisymbrium, and tall hedge mustard.
Tumble mustard forms an upright but delicate-looking plant, with slender, much-branched stems, growing up to 1.5 metres (5 feet) in height. Its stem leaves are divided into thin, linear lobes, while the basal leaves are broader and pinnately compound. The flowers are inconspicuous and only 6.4 millimetres (1⁄4 inch) wide. They have four usually yellow petals and four narrow, curved sepals. The seedpods are slender and long (5–10 centimetres or 2–4 in). The plant germinates in winter or early spring, with a lengthy blooming period. At maturity it dies, uproots, and tumbles in the wind, spreading its seeds.
The common name 'Jim Hill mustard' is after James J. Hill, a Canadian-American railroad magnate, due to a farmers' tall tale about the seeds having been spread via his railroads.
The plant is native to the western part of the Mediterranean Basin in Europe and Northern Africa and is widely naturalized throughout most of the world, including all of North America. It was probably introduced into North America as a seed contaminant of crops.
The plant grows in soils of all textures, even sand.
The leaves are spicy enough to make wasabi but can also be mixed into salads and other dishes.
Iberis sempervirens

Iberis sempervirens, the evergreen candytuft or perennial candytuft, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae, native to southern Europe. The species is often used as an ornamental garden shrub because of its decorative flowers. Iberis is so named because many members of the genus come from the Iberian Peninsula in south west Europe. Sempervirens means "always green", referring to the evergreen foliage.
The natural range is in Europe in Spain, France, Italy, Romania and the Balkan Peninsula. In Africa, it is found in Morocco and Algeria. In Asia, it is present in Syria and Turkey. It is naturalised in the British Isles, in Assam, and in North America. It grows in steppes and dry forests on moderately dry to fresh, slightly acidic to alkaline, sandy-loamy to loamy, nutrient-rich soils in sunny to light shady locations. The species is heat loving and frost hardy.
It is a spreading subshrub growing to 30 cm (12 in) high by 40 cm (16 in) broad. As an ornamental plant it is a spring-blooming favourite, often seen cascading over rocks and walls, or used as groundcover. The glossy, evergreen foliage forms a billowing mound, with many fragrant, pure white flowers in tight clusters for several weeks during spring and early summer. The leaf blade of the leaves is leathery, 25–75 mm or 1–3 in (and rarely 125 mm or 5 in) long, 2 to 5 millimetres wide, oblong spatulate to lanceolate, obtuse with a pointed base. The fruits are roundish to broad ovate, 6 to 8 millimetres long and 5 to 6 millimetres wide. The seeds are narrowly winged and 2 to 3 millimetres long.
When grown in a garden it may require light pruning right after blooming, but otherwise plants can be left alone in fall and early spring. It is drought-tolerant once established. It prefers a well-drained site, so heavy clay soils that stay wet in winter should be avoided. It is not easily divided. Iberis sempervirens survives in USDA hardiness zones 3–9 with mean annual minimum temperatures of −23 to −21 °C (−10 to −5 °F).
It is hardy in most parts of the UK, surviving temperatures down to −15 °C (5 °F). Vernalization (a period of cold weather) is required for flower initiation. At least 8–10 weeks are needed at an average temperature of 5 °C (40 °F).
The cultivar 'Snowflake' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Vanaspati

Vanaspati (Devanagari: वनस्पति) is the Sanskrit word that now refers to the entire plant kingdom. However, according to Charaka Samhitā and Sushruta Samhita medical texts and the Vaisesikas school of philosophy, "vanaspati" is limited to plants that bear fruits but no evident flowers. In the Rigveda, 9th Mandala, Hymn 5.10, "Vanaspati" (literally meaning: Lord of the Forest) is a deity presiding over the forest and described as the "ever-green, the golden-hued, refulgent, with a thousand boughs."
The Rigveda divides plants into Vrksha (tree), Oshadhi (herbs useful to humans) and Virudha (creepers). These are subdivided into:
All grasses are separately classified as Trna, flowering plants are Puspavati, and the fruit bearing ones are Phalavati. Leafless plants are placed under the group, Karira.
Other veda, the Atharvaveda divides plants into eight classes:
The Taittiriya Samhita and the Vajasenayi Samhita texts the plant kingdom is classified into:
In the words of Brahma, the Manu classifies plants as
Charaka Samhitā and Sushruta Samhita medicine texts classify plants into Vanaspati, Vrksa or vanaspatya, Virudh and Osadhi. This second Susruta subdivides Virudhs into pratanavatya (creepers with spreading stem on the grounds) and gulminya (succulent herbs), whereas the first Charaka subdivides Virudhs into lata (creeper), gulma and osadhis into annuals or perennials bearing fruits and grasses which go without fruits. These are further divided into 50 groups based on their physiological actions and diseases they cure. Flowering plants are divided into sukadhanya (cereals), samidhanya (pulses), saka varga (pot herbs), phala varga (fruits), harita varga (vegetable), ahayogi varga (oils), and iksu varga (sugarcane).
The Vaisesikas school of philosophy classify plants under seven heads, e.g. Vrksa, Trna, Osadhi, Gulma, Lata, Avatana and Vanaspati. Defining the characteristics of the various groups Udayana's Kiranavali, remarks that:
Parasara, the author of Vrksayurveda, classifies plants into Dvimatrka (Dicotyledons) and Ekamatrka (Monocotyledons). These are further classified into:
Vanaspati or Banaspati is also a South Asian slang for Vanaspati/Banaspati ghee of which "Dalda" is the leading brand in Indian markets. Vanaspati is a fully or partially hydrogenated vegetable cooking oil, often used as a cheaper substitute for ghee and butter. In India, vanaspati ghee is usually made from palm oil. Hydrogenation is performed using a catalyst known as "supported nickel catalyst", in reactors at low-medium pressure (3-10 bar). Vanaspati ghee is very high in trans fats, which may compose up to 50% of Vanaspati.
Kharif crop

Kharif crops, also known as monsoon crops or autumn crops, are domesticated plants that are cultivated and harvested in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh during the Indian subcontinent's monsoon season, which lasts from June to November depending on the area. Monsoon rains may begin as early as May in some parts of the Indian subcontinent, and crops are generally harvested from the third week of September to October. Rice, maize, and cotton are some of the major Kharif crops in India. Unlike the Rabi crops, which are grown in the winter, the kharif crops require good rainfall.
The words Kharif and rabi both have their origins in the Arabic via Classical Persian. These came to be used in India with the ascent of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent and have been widely used ever since. Kharif means "autumn" in Arabic. The sowing happens during the monsoon and reaping happens close to autumn in the Indian subcontinent; this proximity to the autumn reap season is called the kharif period.
The Kharif season varies by crop and region, starting at the earliest in May and ending at the latest in January. In India, the season is popularly considered to start in June and end in October. Kharif crops are usually sown at the beginning of the first rains during the advent of the south-west monsoon season, and they are harvested at the end of monsoon season (October–November).
Monsoon sowing dates vary, occurring toward the end of May in the southern state of Kerala and reaching July in some north Indian states. In other regions like Maharashtra, the west coast of India, and Pakistan, which receive rains in June, Kharif crops are sown in May, June and July. In Bangladesh, Kharif crops are usually sown with the beginning of the first rains in June.
These crops are dependent on the quantity of rainwater as well as its timing. Too much, too little, or rain at the wrong time may lay waste to the whole year's efforts.
Kharif crops stand in contrast to the rabi crops, which are cultivated during the dry season.
Rice is the most important Kharif crop of India. It is grown in rain-fed areas with hot and humid climates, especially the eastern and southern parts of India. Rice requires a temperature of 16–20 °C (61–68 °F) during the growing season and 18–32 °C (64–90 °F) during ripening. It needs rainfall from 150–200 centimetres (59–79 in) and needs a flooded field during the growth period.
List of mustard brands

Mustard is a condiment made from the mustard seeds from one of three varieties of mustard plant: Sinapis alba, white mustard (also known as yellow mustard); Brassica juncea, brown mustard; or Brassica nigra, black mustard. The whole, ground, cracked, or bruised mustard seeds are mixed with water, vinegar, or other liquids, and sometimes other flavorings and spices, to create a paste or sauce ranging in color from bright yellow to dark brown.
KS Oils

KS Oils Limited is an Indian fast-moving consumer goods company in the edible oil market.
K S Oils has near to 3000 employees spread over its 7 manufacturing plants, marketing offices and plantations in India, Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore.
KS Oils was a privately held entity till 1990 when it became deemed public company. On 8 February 1993, the company became a public listed company. The main object of the company is manufacturing and dealing in oils, vegetable oils and fats, products of plantation, soaps and allied products.
KS Oils owns some of the big brands in the mustard oil segments. Brands held by the company include:
Indian Idol singers Amit Paul and Emon Chatterjee feature in the Double Sher TV Advt.
These brands have strong leadership position in their categories.
KS Oils has defaulted on SBI loans worth Rs. 596 crores, and is second on SBI's loan write-off list.
City Group

City Group (Bengali: সিটি গ্রুপ, stylised as citygroup) is a Bangladeshi conglomerate. It began on 6 February 1972 as a mustard oil company venture under the name City Oil Mills. It presently owns more than 25 major concerns located throughout Bangladesh.
City Group was established by Fazlur Rahman, a business magnate in the private sector of Bangladesh. City Group began on 6 February 1972 as a mustard oil company venture. After its first project, City Group invested in new fields, including manufacturing, industry and trading. More enterprises were established in the early 1990s; these included consumer goods, foods, steel, printing & packaging, shipping, power and energy, shares and securities, insurance, media, and healthcare.
On 4 October 2017, the government of Bangladesh approved the export of 57,273 tones of sugar by Deshbandhu Group and City Group.
City Group plans to build a Hi-Tech Park in Demra, Dhaka which would be the biggest hi-tech park developed by a private company. The park is intended to be used to manufacture technology products such as microprocessors, chips, circuits, mobile phones and laptops.
On 14 July 2022, A Chittagong court issued an arrest warrant for City Group Chairman Fazlur Rahman, in a case filed by the Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI) for not maintaining standard Vitamin A levels in soybean and palm oils.
Prior to that, on October 20, 2019, BSTI inspector Rajiv Dasgupta filed a case as the group’s “Teer” oil failed to pass the "Vitamin-A" test in BSTI lab. In the case statement, the allegation was brought against Fazlur Rahman saying that he violated the government order and act by not following edibles oil fortification with Vitamin A Act-2013.
City Group operates over 25 major concerns:
Maito

Maito (del quichua: "envuelto") es un plato típico de la región amazónica del Ecuador, que consiste en una papillot de diferentes ingredientes, como pueden ser pescados, ranas, vísceras o aves, envueltos en hojas de bijao o kwan panga. Su origen se encuentra en los las comidas caribeñas envueltas en hojas de diversas plantas.​ Actualmente es ofrecido en la oferta gastronómica de las principales ciudades ecuatorianas.
Se suele preparar en el cantón de Archidona.​ Se puede servir con yuca cocinada o verde, acompañado con un vaso de guayusa o un pilche (embase) de chicha de yuca.
El maito de rana (kuwa en quechua) es un plato típico de la región Amazónica del Ecuador que se puede preparar solo en épocas de lluvias. Forma parte de la gastronomía zápara.
Río Babahoyo

El río Babahoyo es un importante río de las provincias ecuatorianas de Los Ríos y Guayas, en la vertiente pacífica del país. Nace de la unión de los ríos Catarama y San Pablo en la ciudad de Babahoyo, y toma una dirección general suroeste a través de una rica región agrícola, con las localidades de Pimocha, Samborondón y Tarifa en su margen derecha o noroeste. Entra al área urbana de Guayaquil como el límite entre la parroquia La Puntilla, perteneciente al cantón Samborondón, y la ciudad de Durán, estando ambas conectadas por el Puente de la Unidad Nacional. En este punto el Babahoyo alcanza un ancho de 1800 metros. Su confluencia con el Daule da inicio al río Guayas, principal arteria fluvial de la Costa ecuatoriana.
Por la margen derecha (noroeste): Los Ríos
Guayas
Por la margen izquierda (sureste): Los Ríos
Guayas
Además de su importancia económica como vía de acceso fluvial de gran parte de las provincias del Guayas y Los Ríos, el Babahoyo provee a los habitantes de sus riberas de una gran riqueza pesquera. Entre las principales especies presentes en el río están: la tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), vieja azul (Andinoacara rivulatus), guanchiche (Hoplias microlepis), dica (Pseudocurimata boulengeri y Pseudocurimata troschelii), bagre ciego (Paracetopsis bleekeri), chame (Dormitator latifrons), barbudo (Rhamdia quelen) y bocachico (Ichthyoelephas humeralis).​
Arroz en hoja de plátano

El arroz en hoja de plátano es un plato típico de gastronomía del sur de la India.​ Consiste en arroz blanco (o vaporizado en la receta auténtica del sur de la India) servido sobre una hoja de plátano con un surtido de verdura, curri de carne o pescado, encurtidos y papadum. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las veces solo se sirve el gravy del curri, omitiendo la carne, ya que se trata de una receta vegetariana india. Se come tradicionalmente con las manos.
Se usa la hoja de plátano porque se cree que el arroz caliente desprenderá el revestimiento de la misma, que es digestiva.
En Malasia, para mostrar que una comida resultó satisfactoria, se dobla la hoja hacia uno (es decir, hacia dentro). Doblarla en la dirección contraria (hacia fuera) significa que la comida no resultó satisfactoria.
Hoja de aguacate

La hoja del aguacate, hoja de palta o quilaguacate (del náhuatl, quilitl ahuacatl «hoja de aguacate») es la hoja de la especie Persea americana, un saborizante y aromatizante usado en la gastronomía mexicana, además de planta medicinal. Su aroma recuerda a su fruto, el aguacate o palta, y contiene menos grasas y más proteínas, fibra y minerales que éste.​ El color de las hojas de aguacate varía de rojizo (inmadura) a verde oscuro y brillante (madura), obsérvese la foto. Se usan frescas o secas, y se incluyen en los guisos para darles un nuevo matiz, igual que las hojas del laurel. De hecho, ambas plantas son de la misma familia, las lauráceas. No obstante, la hoja de aguacate es considerablemente más grande, de 10 a 12 cm, y más ovalada. También se usan en caldos, salsas y marinadas. Su sabor es un tanto anisado, suave igual que su fruto, y similar al epazote, pues se usa mucho como sustituto.​
La hoja de aguacate también se suele infusionar. La infusión de hoja de aguacate tiene varias propiedades asociadas, como antioxidante, digestivo, analgésico frente a los dolores menstruales, aliviar la tos y la acidez estomacal.​ También se relaciona con la eliminación de glucosa de la sangre, por lo que se recomienda para personas con diabetes.​ Sin embargo, se desaconseja para mujeres embarazadas o lactantes.
Es muy apreciada en varias cocinas regionales de México, como la chiapaneca, la poblana y la oaxaqueña.​​ Es frecuente encontrarlo en barbacoas mexicanas y mixiotes. Para el mole amarillo y mole negro oaxaqueño las hojas se asan y se muelen. En Veracruz se le llama quilaguacate, voz náhuatl.​
En farmacología, la hoja de aguacate se considera una planta medicinal y se emplea como antiinflamatorio, antidiarréico, astringente, antiséptico y vermífugo.​ La medicina tradicional indígena de México usa el quilaguacate para combatir lombrices intestinales y otras enfermedades del sistema digestivo.​ También se usa para el insomnio, estreñimiento, dolor de cabeza, de muelas, menopausia, lumbago, piedras del riñón e hipertensión.​
Carnaval de Guamote

El carnaval de Guamote es una fiesta folclórica tradicional de este cantón ecuatoriano, reconocida como Patrimonio Cultural Intangible del Ecuador.​ El cantón Guamote se encuentra en la provincia del Chimborazo, a una hora de su capital Riobamba, con una población de 45.000 habitantes. Las fiestas de carnaval o Pawkar Reymi (pawkar, significa florecimiento y reym fiesta, en la lengua de pueblo Kichwa) se celebran en la cabecera cantonal y sus comunidades.
La persona más importante en estas fiestas es el rey del carnaval, vestido con una capa y montado en un caballo, al igual que sus embajadores que portan banderas. Desde el año 1940, en esta fiesta se venera a San Carlos.​ El rey recibe en su casa cuyes, chancho, frutas, bebidas, etc. Es una costumbre que los reyes y embajadores elaboren con estos productos comidas típicas de carnaval como papas con cuy, mote con fritada, chicha de jora hecha de maíz y el cuy uchú (ají de cuy). Estos platos se reparten entre la gente que asiste al carnaval.
También se mantiene la tradición de realizar la pampa mesa, comida en común regada en una larga sábana sobre una mesa o en el suelo que ofrece el rey el patio de su casa a los visitantes de su comunidad.​ Otra costumbre es cantar coplas una forma de saludo a las personas mayores. También se cantan contrapuntos, una especie de batalla de coplas humorísticas entre hombres y mujeres, acompañados por coloridas comparsas.
También algunos hombres se visten de mujeres (warmi tukushkas) y el resto de personas llevan sus juchas (ofrendas o regalos) para el dueño de la fiesta. Durante la semana se celebran corridas de toros, juegos tradicionales como gallos, entre otros. La fiesta de carnaval dura ocho días, comienza el sábado y termina el siguiente sábado con el entierro de carnaval.
El entierro de carnaval simboliza que una persona fallece. Por esta razón se construyen un ataúd de madera y dentro de la caja se ponen las sobras de la comida, huesos de animales, licores y una persona se disfraza de viuda y todos acompañan al entierro del carnaval.​
Patarashca

La patarashca o patarasca (del quechua patarashka: 'envuelto'),​​​ es un plato típico de la región amazónica que comparte Colombia y Perú, por lo que es parte de ambas gastronomías.​​
La patarashca consiste en un filete de pescado de agua dulce sazonado con cúrcuma y ají dulce o charapita y otros ingredientes de la región amazónica, como el cilantro de monte, y envuelto en hojas de bijao que se cocina a las brasas.​​​​ En las cocinas caseras se suele cocinar envuelto en hojas de plátano​ y en horno o parrilla.​
Originalmente, las tribus amazónicas lo preparaban con hualo, unas ranas gigantes, y yucras, camarones de las quebradas.​​
En Colombia se acompaña con plátanos fritos y fariña (harina a base de yuca). En Perú la patarashca se acompaña con yuca, plátano y, ocasionalmente, arroz blanco.
Maita Vende Ca

Antonio Luis Caña Santana, (San Fernando, 11 de febrero de 1974) es un cantautor, músico, compositor, productor y arreglista español de nuevo flamenco, conocido con el nombre artístico de Maíta Vende Cá, que significa en calé «mi madre es gitana».​ Autor y Compositor de No Hay Luz Sin Día , Si yo Te Digo Ven, Loquito Por Tus Huesos , Colorá y un largo etc de éxitos de su puño y letra .
Nació en San Fernando, Cádiz en el seno de una familia humilde de pescadores y mariscadores. Ya desde muy pequeño estuvo marcado por las influencias musicales de la Isla de León y de la provincia de Cádiz, que le vio crecer y madurar como cantante y artista flamenco.
Criado en el barrio de Las Callejuelas su vida transcurrió entre la venta de pescado, el fútbol y la música. Pisó por primera vez un teatro a la edad de ocho años, presentándose como espontáneo, a partir de un cartel donde se anunciaban los artistas del teatro La Alameda dirigidos por el maestro Tejero. Antonio le pidió al maestro que le escuchara. El impacto fue tan grande que dos días después, Antonio Caña debutaba en el mismo Teatro Alameda con la orquesta del maestro Tejero a bombo y platillo.​
Su primer disco titulado con el nombre del grupo llegó a disco de platino con más 100 000 copias vendidas.​
Entre los productores con los que ha trabajado se encuentran ,Jose Maria Leal, Fernando illán , Ricardo Pachón, Paco Ortega, Gonzalo Garcia Pelayo Pepe Ortega, Diego Magallanes, Rafa Aguado, Ivan Gianni y muchos más
En 2018 puso a bailar a todo el público de la zona sessions de Starlite Festival.
Chicken salad

Chicken salad is any salad with chicken as a main ingredient. Other common ingredients include mayonnaise, hard-boiled egg, celery, onion, pepper, pickles (or pickle relish) and a variety of mustards.
In Canada and the United States, "chicken salad" refers to either any salad with chicken, or a specific mixed salad consisting primarily of chopped chicken meat and a binder, such as mayonnaise, salad dressing or cream cheese. Like tuna salad and egg salad, it may be served on top of lettuce, tomato, avocado, or some combination of these. It may also be used for sandwiches. Typically it is made with leftover cooked or canned chicken. It may also be a garden salad with fried, grilled, or roasted chicken (usually cut up or diced) on top.
In Europe and Asia, the salad may be complemented by any number of dressings, or no dressing at all, and the salad constituents can vary from traditional leaves and vegetables, to pastas, couscous, noodles or rice.
An early 19th century English recipe for chicken salad can be found in the Mrs Beeton book of household management. This is a dish of cold roast chicken placed on lettuce and drizzled with a salad dressing made from mixed mustard, sugar, salad oil, milk, vinegar, cayenne and salt. It is garnished with hard boiled eggs, cucumber slices and boiled sliced beetroot.
Early American chicken salad recipes can be found in 19th-century Southern cookbooks, including Sarah Rutledge's The Carolina Housewife: Or, House and Home (1847) and Abby Fisher's What Mrs. Fisher Knows About Old Southern Cooking (1881). Rutledge details a recipe for "A Salad To Be Eaten With Cold Meat Or Fowl" that explains how to make a mayonnaise from scratch, before adding it to cold meats (chicken and seafood).
Abby Fisher similarly describes making a homemade mayonnaise, before adding it to chicken and white celery.
One of the first American forms of chicken salad was served by Town Meats in Wakefield, Rhode Island, in 1863. The original owner, Liam Gray, mixed his leftover chicken with mayonnaise, tarragon, and grapes. This became such a popular item that the meat market was converted to a delicatessen.
Chicken salad is among the Fourth of July foods listed by The American System of Cookery (1847).
Maitotoxin

Maitotoxin (MTX) is an extremely potent biotoxin produced by Gambierdiscus toxicus, a dinoflagellate species. Maitotoxin has been shown to be more than one hundred thousand times as potent as VX nerve agent. Maitotoxin is so potent that it has been demonstrated that an intraperitoneal injection of 130 ng/kg was lethal in mice. Maitotoxin was named from the ciguateric fish Ctenochaetus striatus—called "maito" in Tahiti—from which maitotoxin was isolated for the first time. It was later shown that maitotoxin is actually produced by the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus.
Maitotoxin activates extracellular calcium channels, leading to an increase in levels of cytosolic Ca ions. The exact molecular target of maitotoxin is unknown, but it has been suggested that maitotoxin binds to the plasma membrane Ca ATPase (PMCA) and turns it into an ion channel, similar to how palytoxin turns the Na/K-ATPase into an ion channel. Ultimately, a necroptosis cascade is activated, resulting in membrane blebbing and eventually cell lysis. Maitotoxin can indirectly activate calcium-binding proteases calpain-1 and calpain-2, contributing to necrosis. The toxicity of maitotoxin in mice is the highest for nonprotein toxins: the LD50 is 50 ng/kg.
The molecule itself is a system of 32 fused rings. It resembles large fatty acid chains and it is notable because it is one of the largest and most complex non-protein, non-polysaccharide molecules produced by any organism. Maitotoxin includes 32 ether rings, 22 methyl groups, 28 hydroxyl groups, and 2 sulfuric acid esters and has an amphipathic structure. Its structure was established through analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance at Tohoku University, Harvard University and the University of Tokyo in combination with mass spectrometry, and synthetic chemical methods. However, Andrew Gallimore and Jonathan Spencer have questioned the structure of maitotoxin at a single ring-junction (the J–K junction), based purely on biosynthetic considerations and their general model for marine polyether biogenesis. K. C. Nicolaou and Michael Frederick argue that despite this biosynthetic argument, the originally proposed structure could still be correct. The controversy has yet to be resolved.
The molecule is produced in nature via a polyketide synthase pathway.
Since 1996 the Nicolaou research group is involved in an effort to synthesise the molecule via total synthesis although as of 2015 the project is on hold due to lack of funding.
Kensho Ono

Kensho Ono (小野 賢章, Ono Kenshō, born October 5, 1989) is a Japanese actor and singer. His most well-known characters are Tetsuya Kuroko, the titular protagonist in the anime series Kuroko's Basketball, Giorno Giovanna in JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, Slaine Troyard in Aldnoah.Zero, Yuya Sakaki in Yu-Gi-Oh! Arc-V, Hakuryu Ren in Magi: The Labyrinth of Magic and Mikaela Hyakuya in Seraph of the End. He is also known as the Japanese dub voice of Harry Potter in the Harry Potter film series, and Miles Morales in Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse and Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse. He also plays Muromachi Tōji in the Prince of Tennis musical.
Ono became a voice actor and starred in Toshiie to Matsu.
In February 2014, he launched a singing career with the single "Fantastic Tune". Since then, he has released four singles, two mini albums, and one full album. His fifth solo single "Five Star" was released through Lantis on June 27, 2018, after which he announced a summer tour titled 'Ono Kensho Live Tour 2018'.
Ono was previously represented by Sunaoka Office, a subsidiary of Gekidan Himawari; however, he is now represented by Amino Produce. He has also appeared in various anime and Japanese TV drama series. His 1st television Show was Fafner in the Azure: Dead Aggressor (2004).
In 2022, Ono won the Best Lead Actor Award at the 16th Seiyu Awards.
In February 2017, Ono and Kana Hanazawa confirmed that they were dating during a live stream promoting Hanazawa's album release, after Shūkan Bunshun published allegations about their relationship. On July 8, 2020, they announced that they had registered their marriage.
Rubén Gómez Cortez

Rubén Gómez Cortez (Ovalle, Región de Coquimbo, 16 de abril de 1956) es un exfutbolista y entrenador chileno. Actualmente es copropietario de "Confecciones Nene Gomez", negocio que se dedica a elaborar uniformes escolares para toda la comuna de Ovalle.
Empezó a jugar profesionalmente en el Club de Deportes Ovalle en 1975, equipo con el cual ascendió a primera división. En 1977 jugó en el Cobreloa en la Segunda División de Chile, para jugar posteriormente en Primera División. Terminó jugando en la Segunda División, primero en el Coquimbo Unido y finalmente en el Club de Deportes Ovalle, donde se retiró. En 2002 debutó como entrenador en el mismo Club de Deportes Ovalle.
Fue internacional con la selección de fútbol de Chile. Seleccionado juvenil chileno para el Sud americano que se jugó en Lima en el año 1975, en el cual Chile obtuvo el segundo lugar tras el Uruguay de Heber Revetria.
Escuela Militar de Uruguay

La Escuela Militar de Uruguay es el instituto encargado de la formación de los oficiales del Ejército Nacional.​
El Colegio Militar de Uruguay fue fundado el 25 de agosto de 1885, tras un proyecto de ley presentado el 31 de marzo de 1884 por el diputado Ventura Fernández.​ El entonces ministro de guerra y marina, Máximo Tajes promulgó en 1885 un decreto que aprobaba el reglamento del nuevo Instituto, y otro que fijaba el 25 de agosto, de ese año, como fecha de apertura del mismo.​
En 1935 se aprobó un llevó a cabo una reforma que agregó un año de estudios preparatorios, mientras que en 1966 se implementó un nuevo plan de estudios, el cual fijó niveles y adecuó las materias impartidas. El 5 de febrero de 1993 fue reconocido como centro de educación terciaria por el Ministerio de Educación y Cultura.​ En diciembre de 1997, mediante el Decreto N° 434/997 se permitió la entrada de mujeres al curso de Oficial del Cuerpo de Comando.​ El 14 de julio de 1998 mediante el Decreto Nº 180/998 se instauró el Título Académico de Bachiller Militar, que sirve como complemento al de Alférez del Ejército Nacional.​
El actual director es el General Jorge Porciúncula, quien asumió el cargo el 5 de marzo de 2025.​
La Escuela Militar brinda educación terciaria de cuatro años, fundamentada en asignaturas profesionales, científico-técnicas y educación física.​ En la misma se puede cursar la carrera de Oficial del Cuerpo de Comando, que comanda las tropas de las Armas del Ejército: Infantería, Caballería, Artillería, Ingenieros y Comunicaciones; o la carrera de Oficial de Apoyo de Servicios y Combate.​
Al momento de su fundación, el Instituto se ubicaba en el predio de la antigua Quinta de Casaravilla, en la intersección de Avenida Agraciada y Aguilar del barrio Arroyo Seco de Montevideo.​ Debido a su limitada capacidad, en 1909 se le encomendó al arquitecto y militar Alfredo Campos la construcción de un nueva sede.​ Emplazado en la Avenida Garibaldi, en el barrio Jacinto Vera, el edificio ―que actualmente alberga al Comando General del Ejército― fue inaugurado el 25 de agosto de 1910, veinticinco años después de la fundación del Instituto.
En 1969, el Ministerio de Defensa Nacional adquirió un predio en la localidad de Toledo, Departamento de Canelones, que hasta entonces era ocupado por el Seminario Arquidiocesano, a fin de trasladar allí la sede del Instituto.​ El edificio había sido construido por el arquitecto Mario Payseé Reyes en la década de 1950 por encargo de la Arquidiócesis de Montevideo.​ La inauguración oficial de la actual sede tuvo lugar el 25 de agosto de 1969.​ El 8 de mayo de 2006 el Poder Ejecutivo declaró el edificio Monumento Histórico y las expresiones plásticas que contiene.​
2004 in public domain

When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. The following is a list of works that entered the public domain in 2004. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform.
With the exception of Belarus (Life + 50 years) and Spain (Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1987), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime. The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator that entered the public domain on January 1, 2004.
In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, Canada, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay; a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.
In the United States, the copyright status of works extends for the life of the author or artists, plus 70 years. If the work is owned by a corporation, then the copyright extends 95 years.
Due to the passing of the Copyright Term Extension Act (Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act) in 1998, no new works would enter the public domain in this jurisdiction until 2019.
2005 in public domain

When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. The following is a list of works that entered the public domain in 2005. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform.
With the exception of Belarus (Life + 50 years) and Spain (Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1987), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime. The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator that entered the public domain on January 1, 2005.
In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, Canada, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay; a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.
In the United States, the copyright status of works extends for the life of the author or artists, plus 70 years. If the work is owned by a corporation, then the copyright extends 95 years.
Due to the passing of the Copyright Term Extension Act (Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act) in 1998, no new works would enter the public domain in this jurisdiction until 2019.
Ministry of Education and Culture (Uruguay)

The Ministry of Education and Culture (Spanish: Ministerio de Educación y Cultura) of Uruguay is the ministry of the Government of Uruguay that is responsible for the coordination of national education, the promotion of the country's cultural development, the preservation of the nation's artistic, historical and cultural heritage, as well as innovation, science and technology and the promotion and strengthening of the validity of human rights. It is also responsible for the development of the state communication multimedia system and for promoting the digitized access of the entire population to information.
It is also responsible for the formulation and coordination of policies regarding the judicial defense of the interests of the State and for ensuring the necessary information for the correct application of the law. The Ministry is headquartered in the Reconquista Street in Ciudad Vieja, Montevideo. The current Minister of Education and Culture is Pablo Da Silveira, who has held the position since 1 March 2020.
The first record of a public body for the administration of education dates from 26 February 1848 with the creation of the Institute of Public Instruction. This institute had executive, technical, and administrative powers. A year later, the University of the Republic was founded, which had among its missions, teaching at all levels, a fact that was never put into practice. In 1891, a cabinet reshuffle was made, becoming the newly created Ministry of Development responsible for the administration of public education.
On 12 March 1907, then President Claudio Williman made a new cabinet reshuffle, dividing the Ministry of Development into the "Ministry of Public Works" on the one hand and the Ministers of Industry, Work and Public Instruction on the other.
In the second presidency of José Batlle y Ordóñez another cabinet reshuffle of the ministries takes place, so on 4 March 1912 the Ministry of Justice and Public Instruction is constituted. Subsequently, on 19 March 1936 the then de facto president Gabriel Terra called him Ministry of Public Instruction and Social Prevision.
In 1967 it receives a new denomination, it began to be called Ministry of Culture, but finally in 1970 it obtained the current denomination of Ministry of Education and Culture.
Source:
List of ministers of education and culture of Uruguay since 1884 (under its various naming):
List of education ministries

An education ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for education. Various other names are commonly used to identify such agencies, such as Ministry of Education, Department of Education, and Ministry of Public Education, and the head of such an agency may be a minister of education or secretary of education. Such agencies typically address educational concerns such as the quality of schools or standardization of curriculum. The first such ministry ever is considered to be the Commission of National Education (Polish: Komisja Edukacji Narodowej, Lithuanian: Edukacinė komisija), founded in 1773 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Following is a list of education ministries by country:
Paisaje protegido Laguna de Castillos

El paisaje protegido Laguna de Castillos es un paisaje protegido de Uruguay, que desde 20202 integra el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (SNAP). Ubicado junto al Arroyo Valizas en la Laguna de Castillos, departamento de Rocha, Uruguay. Esta área protegida abarca toda la laguna de Castillos que tiene aproximadamente 8000 hectáreas de superficie.​
El monte de ombúes alberga la agrupación de ombúes más grande del Uruguay, y se extiende por una distancia de 20 km, en el este del departamento de Rocha, a orillas de la laguna de Castillos. Las especies que se erigen en el lugar fueron traídas desde Paraguay y Misiones.
Los ombúes constituyen un ecosistema junto con talas, espinillos, ceibos y arrayanes, y entre plantas como la envira, utilizada por los indios para hacer ligaduras cuando eran mordidos por serpientes venenosas.​
Es posible acceder al monte desde el arroyo Valizas, donde se ofrece un servicio de embarcaciones que trasladan a los visitantes al lugar. Una vez llegados al lugar, es posible visitar el parque público y conocer a quien fuera el primer guardaparque de todo Uruguay, Juan Carlos Gambarotta.​
El lugar aún no forma parte de Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas. El Decreto 266 del año 1966 es el que declara este lugar como Refugio de Fauna así como también declara Monumento Nacional a las Dunas de Cabo Polonio, Cabo Polonio, Rocha, Uruguay.​
El refugio posee un bosque de coronillas y ombúes que forman un anillo bordeando la laguna. Se encuentran especies como el Sapito de Darwin, y los peces anuales Austrolebias viarius. También Austrolebias cheradophilus y Austrolebias luteoflammulatus. En algunas oportunidades se ha encontrado el apereá de dorso oscuro (Cavia magna), una especie endémica de unas pocas localidades del sur de Brasil y Uruguay.
La tortuga acanalada (Acanthochelys spixii) es común en cañadas y aguadas hechas para el ganado.
Han sido avistadas 250 especies de aves, varias de las cuales están amenazadas a nivel mundial, como el dragón y la viudita blanca.
Durante el verano se pueden encontrar gran variedad de cisne de cuello negro, en tanto que el coscoroba, con aproximadamente 500 individuos, se encuentra todo el año. También se pueden encontrar diferentes tipos de pato como es el caso del pato cuchara y el pato gargantilla. El flamenco austral (Phoenicopterus chilensis) se ha hecho más común en los últimos años.
El sitio está administrado por el Ministerio de Ganadería Agricultura y Pesca, específicamente por la Dirección General de Recursos Naturales Renovables de Uruguay.​
Para acceder al refugio se deben tomar las embarcaciones que brindan el servicio de traslado a los visitantes en el puertito del Puente del Arroyo Valizas sobre la ruta 10.​
Aparte del predio oficial, el Bosque de Ombúes también puede visitarse en La Barra Grande, cuyo acceso queda sobre la ruta 9, en “La Guardia del Monte” tomando un camino vecinal que sale a la ruta 9 y “Monte Grande” al que se accede en lancha por el Puente del Arroyo Valizas.​