davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Pablo Picasso

Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 Oktober 1881–8 April 1973) ialah seorang pelukis dan pengarca Sepanyol yang merupakan salah satu tokoh seni abad ke-20 yang paling terkenal, khususnya sebagai pengasas kubisme, bersama-sama dengan Georges Braque.
Karya-karya Picasso sering dikategorikan mengikut "tempoh". Sedangkan nama bagi tempoh-tempoh yang kemudian sentiasa dipertikaikan, tempoh-tempoh karyanya yang paling biasa diterima adalah seperti berikut:
Muzium:
Galeri dalam talian:
Yuk Wong Kung Din

The Yuk Wong Temple aka. Yuk Wong Kung Din (Chinese: 玉皇宮殿) or Yuk Wong Bo Din (玉皇寶殿) is a temple located at No. 26A A Kung Ngam Village Lane, A Kung Ngam, Shau Kei Wan, Hong Kong.
The temple is dedicated to the Jade Emperor (玉皇, Yuk Wong in Cantonese). Two side altars are dedicated to Tin Hau (left of the main altar) and Kwun Yam (right).
The temple is managed by the Chinese Temples Committee. The interior of the temple can be explored with Google Street View.
In the mid 19th century, people from Huizhou and Chaozhou quarried stones in the hill for the development of the central urban area. They set up a shrine to worship Yuk Wong. At the beginning of the 20th century, the shrine was developed into a small temple and was renovated many times. The latest renovation was in 1992.
The Jade Emperor's Birthday is celebrated at the temple starting from the night of 8th day of first lunar month (during Chinese New Year period).
22°16′56″N 114°14′00″E﻿ / ﻿22.282224°N 114.233253°E﻿ / 22.282224; 114.233253
Rangkiang

Rangkiang atau Lumbuang adolah bangunan nan dipakai untuak tampek manyimpan padi punyo suatu kaum di Minangkabau, nan pado umumnyo talatak di laman Rumah Gadang.
Rangkiang barasa dari kato Ruang hyang, nan kudian mangalami parubahan bunyi manjadi Rangkiang. Padi di dalam rangkiang ado dalam pangawasan mamak atau tungganai dalam suatu kaum, sadangkan kuaso panuahnyo dipacik dek Bundo Kanduang.
Rangkiang mampunyoi pintu ketek nan talatak di bagian ateh dari salah satu dindiang singkok. Untuak naiak ka rangkiang dipakai janjang nan tabuek dari batuang. Janjang iko dapek dipindahan, bilo indak digunokan mako janjang ko disimpan di bawah kolong rangkiang.
Asa kato rangkiang iolah dipasingkek dari kato bahaso Minangkabau "ruang hyang (Dewi Sri)" ("ruang Dewi Sri"), dewi padi.
Rangkiang mamiliki babarapo jinih jo fungsi sarato bantuak nan babeda, diantaronyo:
Rangkiang iko dipakai untuak manyimpan padi nan ka digunokan untuak kabutuahan rumah tanggo. Bantuak Rangkiang nan disabuik juo jo Kapuak Adaik Jo Pusako iko labiah langsiang dibandiangan jo Rangkiang nan lain, batagak di ateh ampek tiang jo talatak di tangah di antaro rangkiang nan lain.
Disabuik juo Kapuak Salang Tenggang, padi nan disimpan dalam Rangkiang iko dipakai untuak kabutuahan makan sahari-hari anggota kaluarga Rumah Gadang. Rangkiang nan lataknyo di ujuang kanan iko batagak di ateh anam tiang, jo bantuaknyo nan labiah gadang dari Rangkiang nan lain.
Salain itu, Rangkiang iko dipakai pulo untuak kabutuahan acara adaik, misalnyo acara Batagak Pangulu, Baralek Gadang, aqiqah, sunaik rasul jo lain sabagainyo nan diadokan dalam Rumah Gadang.
Rangkiang iko digunokan untuak manyimpan padi cadangan nan kan dipakai di musim paceklik. Bantuaknyo samo jo Rangkiang Sitinjau Lauik hanyo sajo Rangkiang iko dilatakan di ujuang kiri. Rangkiang iko disabuik juo jo Kapuak Gantuang Tungku.
Rangkiang iko digunokan untuak manyimpan Padi Abuan nan ka dijadian baniah nan akan ditanamkan. Pado umumnyo, bantuak dari rangkiang ko samo halnyo jo bantuak dari Rangkiang Sitinjau Lauik, hanyo sajo bantuak atoknyo nan kadang indak bagonjong.
Kopi Rangkiang

Kopi Rangkiang adolah kopi itam khas dari Batusangkar, tapeknyo dibuek di Limo Kaum kabupaten Tanah Datar. Kopi rangkiang diolah sacaro tradisional manggunokan alok-alok nan sederhana. Kopi Rangkiang tabuek dari incek kopi Arabika nan tumbuah subua di lereng gunuang Marapi. Kopi khas urang awak ko mampunyoi raso dan aroma nan sangaik lamak sarato babeda jo kopi nan ado lainnyo. Kopi Rangkiang ko mampunyoi tekstur nan babeda katiko diseduh ampalehnyo ndak ado samo sakali. Kopi Rangkiang ko mampunyoi kualitas nan sangaik rancak, teksturnyo aluih, aromanyo wangi, sarato ndak ado dadaknyo.
Caro Mambueknyo
Kuciang

Kuciang (felis silvetris catus) adolah sajinih mamalia dagiang dari kalurgo Felidae.
Kuciang alah manjadi bagian dari kahidupan manusia sajak anam ribu tahun sabalun Masihi. Urang Mesir Kuno dari tahun 3500 SM alah mamakai kuciang untuak mangarek mancik dari rangkiang padi nan manyimpan hasil tuai. Pado hari cako, kuciang adolah salah satu hewan paliaroan manusia nan paliang populer di dunia. Kuciang nan garih katurunannyo tacataik rasmi sabagai kuciang trah nan murni (pure breed) cando kuciang Persia, kuciang Siam, kuciang Manx, jo kuciang Sphinx. Kuciang saroman ko biasonyo dijinakkan sarato dipaliaro di tampek nan elok-elok.
Frank Lloyd Wright

Frank Lloyd Wright (8 Juni 1867- 9 April 1959) lahia di Richland, Wisconsin adolah Arsitek nan tanamo pado awal 1900-an. Wright mahabihan maso mudonya di kabun pamannyo di Wisconsin. Pado awal 1889, Wright marancang rumah untuak sanaknyo jo sabuah studio arsitektur pribadi di Oak Park, Illinois.
Inyo mengambangkan sarangkaian gaya nan basifaik perorangan, mampangaruhi rancang bangunan di dunia, dan hinggo kini masih marupoan arsitek tanamo dari Amerika Serikat.
Hotel Ryugyong

Hotel Ryugyong (kadang diingirihan manjadi Hotel Ryu-Gyong atau Hotel Yu-Kyung) adolah pancaka langik babantuak piramida balantai 105 nan sampai kini masih sadang dibangun di Pyongyang, Korea Utara. Namonyo ("ibu kota gandarusa") marupoan salah ciek namo Pyongyang sabalunnyo. Bangunan iko tanamo pulo jo namo 105 Building sasuai jumlah lantainyo. Pambangunan dimulai tahun 1987, tatapi baranti pado tahun 1992 dek Korea Utara mangalami krisis ekonomi sasudah Uni Soviet bubar.
Sasudah 1992, gedung iko alah mancogok jo atok, tatapi indak punyo yingkok atau palangkok interior. Tahun 2008, pambangunannyo dilanjuikan. Tahun 2012, bagian eksteriornya salasai dipasang. Pambukaan hotel iko sempat dijadwalan babarapo kali, tatapi taruih ditundo. Hotel Ryugyong alah manjadi bahan pameo dek media internasional, nan maagiah gala hotel sabagai "Bangunan Paliang Buruak dalam Sijarah Umaik Manusia" jo "Hotel Kiamat."
Ryugyong Hotel punyo tinggi 330 meters (1,080 ft) nan manjadiannyo gedung paliang mancolok di kaki langit Pyongyang sakaligus struktur paliang tinggi di Korea Utara. Pambangunan Ryugyong mulonyo dirancanoan salasai tapek wakatu bartapatan jo 13th World Festival of Youth and Students bulan Juni 1989. Kok target tersebut tacapai, hotel iko akan mamacik gala hotel paliang tinggi di dunia. Gedung iko alun tarkalahan tingginyo dek hotel mano sajo sampai Rose Tower di Dubai, Uni Emirat Arab salasai dibangun pado tahun 2009. Ryugyong Hotel kini marupoan bangunan paliang tinggi ka-47 di dunia (basamo China World Trade Center Tower III) bardasaran tinggi totalnyo jo mamiliki jumlah lantai paliang banyak ka-5 di dunia.
Gedung iko punyo tigo sayok, masiang-masiang punyo panjang 100 meters (330 ft), leba 18 meters (59 ft), jo kamiringan 75 derajat. Di bagian ateh gedung nan babantuak takah piramida tardapat karucut saleba 40 meters (130 ft) nan tardiri dari salapan lantai baputa jo anam lantai nan indak baputa. Struktur iko awalnyo dirancanoan mamiliki limo restoran baputa jo 3.000 atau 7.665 kamar hotel (manuruik sumber nan babedo). Menuruik Khaled Bichara dari Orascom, Ryugyong ka muko indak hanyo dioperasian sabagai hotel, tatapi juo untuak kagunoan lain nan mancakup "restoran baputa" jo "gabungan akomodasi hotel, apartemen, jo bisnis".
Minaro Kamba Petronas

Minaro Petronas atau Minaro Kamba Petronas (Melayu: Menara Berkembar Petronas) di Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia adolah sapasang minaro kamba nan parnah manjadi bangunan paliang tinggi di dunia sabalun dilampaui dek Taipei 101.
Minaro Kamba Petronas mamacik gala sabagai bangunan paliang tinggi dari tahun 1998 hinggo 2004 bardasarkan pangukuran dari lantai pintu masuak utamo sampai struktur ateh, manuruik referensi katinggian asli bangunan nan digunoan dek organisasi internasional Dewan Bangunan Tinggi dan Habitat Urban (CTBUH) sajak tahun 1969 (tigo kategori katinggian ditambahan katiko minaro iko ampiang disalasaian pado tahun 1996).
Untuk kategori minaro kamba, Petronas masih marupoan bangunan pancaka langik kamba paliang tinggi di dunia pado abaik ka-20.
Minaro Kamba Petronas dirancang dek arsitek César Pelli dari Argentina. Pambangunannyo salasai pado tahun 1998 sasudah mamakan wakatu tujuah tahun. Sangkek diresmian, minaro iko manjadi bangunan paliang tinggi di dunia.
Minaro Kamba Petronas manjadi bangunan paliang tinggi di dunia—sabalun salasai dibangunnyo Taipei 101 pado tahun 2004—nan diukua hinggo ka ateh komponen strukturnyo (puncak, bukan antena). Puncak (spire) dianggap sabagai bagian pantiang dalam arsitektur bangunan tersebut, dan kok indak dianggap mako banyak mangubah bantuak jo arsitektur bangunan, sadangkan antena bisa dipasang atau dicabuik tanpa mampangaruhi bantuak bangunan. Minaro Kamba Petronas masih marupoan bangunan kamba paliang tinggi di dunia.
Minaro Willis (sabalunnyo Spears) jo World Trade Center tadiri dari 110 lantai nan bisa ditempati, sahinggo labiah banyak 22 lantai dibandiangan Minaro Kamba Petronas nan mamiliki 88 lantai. Atok jo lantai paliang tinggi Minaro Willis jo World Trade Center agak malabiahi katinggian atok jo lantai paliang tinggi Minaro Kamba Petronas. Antena paliang tinggi di Minaro Willis adolah 75 meters (246 ft), labiah tinggi daripado puncak-puncak Minaro Kamba Petronas. Walaupun baitu, manuruik paraturan jo padoman CTBUH, antena-antena Minaro Willis indak diparhitungan sabagai bagian dari fitur arsitekturnyo. Sabaliaknyo, puncak-puncak pado Minaro Kamba Petronas dimasukkan dalam pangukuran katinggian dek bukan marupoan tiang antena. Mako dek itu, Minaro Kamba Petronas malampaui katinggian resmi Minaro Willis dengan salisiah 10 meters (33 ft), padahal Minaro Willis mamiliki jumlah lantai labih banyak.
Rangkiang

Rangkiang (also lumbuang) is a granary or rice barn that the Minangkabau people used to keep rice in. The rangkiang is a distinctive feature of Minangkabau architecture. The structure is traditionally found in the courtyard of a rumah gadang, the traditional house of Minangkabau people.
The word rangkiang is a shortened version from the Minangkabau word "ruang hyang (Dewi Sri)" ("room of goddess (Dewi Sri)"), the goddess of rice.
A rangkiang is a structure built over a raised pile foundation, an Austronesian legacy that can be found anywhere else in Indonesia. It has a distinguished roof shape known as gonjong ("spired") roofs, similar to a Minangkabau traditional house, the rumah gadang. The gonjong roof symbolically identifies it with buffalo horns. Similar to the rumah gadang, the roof of a rangkiang is traditionally a thatched roof made of palm fibre (ijuk), and it is also similarly decorated. The only opening to a rangkiang is a small rectangular hatch high up in the gable end, into which the harvested rice is placed. A ladder is required to reach this hatch.
A rangkiang is traditionally built on the courtyard of a rumah gadang. There are three types of rangkiangs according to its function. A rangkiang which is used to store rice that is to be consumed by the inhabitants of the house is known as si bayau-bayau. This rangkiang, the largest of all rangkiang, is traditionally supported by a minimum of six poles; in the case of a royal palace —such as the rangkiang of the Pagaruyung Palace— it can be supported by as many as twelve poles. This rangkiang is traditionally located at the right end of a rumah gadang's courtyard.
Another type of rangkiang is si tinjau lauik ("the one that explores the sea"). It is used to keep rice that is to be sold. The resulting money is used to buy things that the family cannot produce themselves. This rangkiang is traditionally located in the middle of a rumah gadang's courtyard. It is supported by four poles.
Another type of rangkiang is the si tanggung lapar or si tangguang lapa or si tangka lapa ("the one that supports hunger"), which is used to store surplus rice for use in times of scarcity. This type of rangkiang is traditionally positioned at the left end of a rumah gadang courtyard. It is basically identical to the si tinjau laut, being supported by four poles.
Other rangkiang, known as rangkiang kaciak ("little granary"), is used to keep rice seedlings (padi abuan) for agricultural purpose. This rangkiang used a simple gable roof instead of the elaborate Minangkabau roof form, thus it looks the simplest of all rangkiangs.
The number of rangkiang, as well as the degree of ornaments that decorates the rumah gadang, shows the wealth of the owner. The more rangkiang possessed by a family, the more prestigious the owner is.
A facade of a Minangkabau restaurant is sometimes decorated with a single gonjong roof which represents the roof of a rangkiang as a symbol of rice and food provision for people.
Mondop

The mondop (Thai: มณฑป, from Pali/Sanskrit maṇḍapa) is a building form in traditional Thai religious architecture featuring a square or cruciform building with a usually pointed roof. In the narrow sense, it refers to an enclosed square building with a roughly pyramidal, multi-tiered roof culminating in a tall pointed spire, with a roof structure very similar to the smaller busabok. In the wider sense, the term may refer to religious buildings following a wide range of architectural styles, including historical structures more closely reflecting the Indic mandapa, from which they are likely derived.
Mondop may be used for various functions, including as scripture halls (ho trai) and for housing religious artefacts. Prominent examples include the library (Phra Mondop) at Wat Phra Kaew in Bangkok and the mondop covering the Buddha footprint at Wat Phra Phutthabat in Saraburi. The pointed roof structure can be found incorporated in the prasat architectural form, where it crowns a usually cruciform, gabled roof.
Busabok

A busabok (Thai: บุษบก, RTGS: butsabok) is a small open structure used in Thai culture as a throne for the monarch or for the enshrinement of Buddha images or other sacred objects. It is square-based and open-sided, usually with twelve indented corners, with four posts supporting a roughly pyramidal multi-tiered roof culminating in a pointed spire, and usually richly decorated. The structure of the multi-tiered roof is very similar, but much smaller in size, to the mondop architectural form. The term is derived from the Sanskrit word puṣpaka, a reference to the Pushpaka Vimana, a flying chariot from the Hindu epic Ramayana (and the Thai version Ramakien).
Busabok are used for royal thrones, including the Busabok Mala Throne in the Amarin Winitchai Throne Hall of the Grand Palace, as well as the thrones used ceremonially in royal barge processions. Smaller busabok are used to house objects associated with the king—an early documented example was used to carry the royal letter of King Narai to Louis XIV in the 1686 Siamese embassy to France. Busabok are also used as shrines housing Buddha images, notably the Emerald Buddha in Wat Phra Kaew and Phra Phuttha Sihing at the Bangkok National Museum. Very large versions have formed the design of the temporary crematoria used for royal funerals of previous kings. The busabok was also the basis for a style of Buddhist pulpit known as thammat yot or busabok thammat.
List of English words of Afrikaans origin

Words of Afrikaans origin have entered other languages. British English has absorbed Afrikaans words primarily via British soldiers who served in the Boer Wars. Many more words have entered common usage in South African English due to the parallel nature of the English and Afrikaner cultures in South Africa. Afrikaans words have unusual spelling patterns.
Most of these words describe the African flora, fauna or landscape.
Afrikaans (or Cape Dutch) common names for plants and animals often entered the English vernacular:
There are also several English words derived from Cape Dutch, a forerunner of Afrikaans:
There are almost innumerable borrowings from Afrikaans in South African English.
Nissanka Latha Mandapaya

Nissanka Latha Mandapaya (Sinhala: නිශ්ශංක ලතා මණ්ඩපය) is a unique structure in the ancient city of Polonnaruwa in Sri Lanka. A màndapa is a pillared structure that is open on all sides and protects the person(s) inside from the sun with a roof. By definition, as of the 20th century, mándapas, as temporary structures, are built inside a house or a building and serve as recitation platform during remembrance ceremonies for the dead.
Built by King Nissanka Malla (1187–1196) and named after him, it is located near the western entrance of the Dalada Maluva, the area that contains the oldest and most sacred monuments in the city. A nearby stone inscription identifies this as the building used by Nissanka Malla to listen to pirith (chanting of Buddhist scriptures).
The structure is an elevated stone platform with a number of stone columns and surrounded by a low stone wall. These stone columns are the unique feature about the Nissanka Latha Mandapaya, since they are carved in a manner that is found nowhere else in the country. The eight granite columns are arranged in two rows, with four in each row. Presumably used to support a roof, each of them is approximately 8 feet 4 inches (2.54 m) in height. In each of these columns, the crown is carved in the shape of a blossoming lotus bud. The rest of the column is elaborately carved to resemble the stem of the flower. Unlike stone columns commonly seen in the architecture of this period, these are not straight, but are curved in three places. According to archaeologist Senarath Paranavithana, the stone columns at the Nissanka Latha Mandapaya are the best examples of this feature of ancient Sri Lankan architecture.
At the center of the platform, flanked by the stone columns, appears a small stupa. This is also made from stone, but the top part of it has been destroyed. Its base is decorated with a carved design. The platform is surrounded by a stone railing. The structure is entered through a single stone doorway. In contrast to the elaborately carved stone pillars, these have an undecorated and plain finish.
7°56′51.13″N 81°0′4.11″E﻿ / ﻿7.9475361°N 81.0011417°E﻿ / 7.9475361; 81.0011417
Malagan

Malagan (also spelled malangan or malanggan) ceremonies are large, intricate traditional cultural events that take place in parts of New Ireland province in Papua New Guinea. The word malagan refers to wooden carvings prepared for ceremonies and to an entire system of traditional culture.
Malagan ceremonies are the most large-scale and famous of the many events that take place within the malagan culture. They take place irregularly, and are typically large and complex events, taking several days, and requiring months or years of preparation.
While a malagan ceremony is always held in the name of one or more people who have died in recent years, it is not at all merely a mortuary rite. Many other interactions take place within the overall event, including announcements, repayment of debts, recognition of obligations, resolution of disputes, and many other customary activities.
Malagan carvings, now world-famous, are the wooden carvings which are created for use in malagan ceremonies. Traditionally these were burnt or placed in a cave to rot at the conclusion of the event; in modern times most are now retained, as the carving tradition is now only known by a few. Contemporary masters of malagan form include Michael Homerang of Madina Village, Ben Sisia of Libba Village (northern New Ireland) and Edward and Mathew Salle of Lava Village (Tatau, Tabar Islands, New Ireland). Many malagan carvings are held in European and other museums.
Malagan culture is the general term for the traditional culture in the area where malagan ceremonies take place, covering much of Northern New Ireland province. There are many other ceremonies and customary practices within this large and complex cultural system.
The word malagan comes from the Nalik language of northern New Ireland. Alternative spellings include malangan and malanggan.
Global Innovation Index

The Global Innovation Index is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for, and success in, innovation, published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It was started in 2007 by INSEAD and World Business, a British magazine. Until 2021 it was published by WIPO, in partnership with Cornell University, INSEAD and other organisations and institutions. It is based on both subjective and objective data derived from several sources, including the International Telecommunication Union, the World Bank and the World Economic Forum.
The index was started in 2007 by INSEAD and World Business, a British magazine. It was created by Soumitra Dutta.
The index is computed by taking a simple average of the scores in two sub-indices, the Innovation Input Index and Innovation Output Index, which are composed of five and two pillars respectively. Each of these pillars describe an attribute of innovation, and comprise up to five indicators, and their score is calculated by the weighted average method.
Since its inception in 2007, an increasing number of governments systematically analyze their annual GII results and design policy responses to improve their performance. The index is mentioned in a resolution on science, technology and innovation for sustainable development adopted on 19 December 2019 by the General Assembly of the United Nations.
Four Serbian scholars,Predrag Dašić,Jovan Dašić,Dejan Antanasković and Nina Pavićević,think this index has been criticized for giving excessive significance attributed to factors that aren’t integral to innovation. For instance, “Ease of Paying Taxes“, “Electricity Output“ (half-weightage) and “Ease of Protecting Minority Investors” are factors alongside “Ease of Getting Credit” and “Venture Capital Deals“.
Every two years the GII covers a theme related to innovation which goes beyond the innovation rankings. In 2020, the theme was “Who will finance innovation?” shedding light on the state of innovation financing by investigating the evolution of existing mechanisms and pointing to progress and remaining challenges. Previous GII themes covered health innovation, environmental innovation, agricultural and food innovation, and others.
The Global Innovation Index 2024 (GII) scores 133 countries and regions. Sorting is in descending order by score.
Center for Environmental Innovation in Roofing

The Center for Environmental Innovation in Roofing is a nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., focused on "the intersection between roofing, energy, and environmental performance".
In February 2008, a group of industry leaders established the Center for Environmental Innovation in Roofing, a 501(c)(6) organization designed to promote the knowledge base, development, and use of environmentally responsible, high-performance roof systems. The Center was created with specific objectives:
The Center commenced operations on March 4, 2008.
Roof Point is a voluntary, consensus-based document developed by the Research Committee of the Center for Environmental Innovation in Roofing with input from roofing contractors, roof consultants, roofing material manufacturers, roofing research organizations, and other stakeholder groups. Roof Point is designed to evaluate both new and replacement roofs for commercial and institutional low-slope buildings. Much like the LEED building rating system does for the overall environmental impact of buildings, Roof Point offers a way to evaluate roof system environmental performance throughout a building's life cycle, providing a useful measure for what constitutes a sustainable roof in design, construction, operation, and decommissioning.
Roof Point is organized into five functional and weighted areas, representing the primary environmental contributions of modern roofing systems:
The Excellence in Design Award was established in 2003 by the National Roofing Contractors Association to recognize those who design long-lasting, energy-efficient, environmentally friendly roof systems according to accepted industry practices. In 2008, the Center took ownership of the Excellence in Design Award. The Award names an overall winner and category winners for best vegetated roof, the best solar roof, and best roof recycling. In 2011, the award was renamed the Roof Point Excellence in Design Award.
The Center named Nation's Roof, Lithia Springs, Georgia, the overall winner of its Excellence in Design Award competition during the International Roofing Expo 2009. The best vegetated roof was awarded to the William J. Clinton Presidential Library, built by Tremco, Inc. The best solar roof was awarded to the Fresh & Easy Warehouse in Riverside, California, built by Sika Sarnafil. The best roof recycling was awarded to Duke University Hospital.
Prakash Belawadi

Prakash Belawadi (born 3 March 1961) is an Indian actor, director and screenwriter, who works predominately in English, Kannada and Hindi theatre, films and television. He is also a theatre teacher, activist and a journalist. He hails from Bengaluru. He has participated in many seminars, conferences and festivals in India and abroad. He is a motivational speaker at events and TEDx conferences. He is also a mentor with the founding team of BISFF (Bengaluru International Short Film Festival) since 2010.
Belawadi prefers stage acting as opposed to film acting.
Belawadi was born into a family of theatre artists in Bangaluru, in the erstwhile Mysuru State (now Karnataka). His father, Belawadi Nanjundaiah Narayan (1929–2003) popularly known as Makeup Nani, was a personality in Kannada theatre, who also appeared in films, and worked as a make-up artist. His mother, Bhargavi Narayan, was a renowned film and theatre artiste. His siblings Sujata, Sudha and Pradeep, and nieces and nephews are also variously connected with theatre, music, television and cinema. He completed his elementary education at Mahila Seva Samaja, higher school education in National High School, following which he completed his pre-university course at National College, Bangaluru. He obtained a degree in mechanical engineering from University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering in 1983.
Belawadi as mentioned earlier has participated in many seminars, conferences and festivals in India and abroad, including the Beyond Bollywood conference at the Gothenburg International Film Festival, 2010 the Performing Arts Market conference in Seoul, 2011 the 50th Theatertreffen – annual theatre festival meet at Berlin, 2013 and the seminar and exhibition, ‘Nature – A Good Idea’ at Trollhättan, Sweden in 2014. He has been faculty for film courses in Sweden and Istanbul, Turkey.
Belawadi is one of the founding members of Citizens for Bengaluru, an active platform for people to engage with the city government to make it accountable to citizens. Belawadi curates ‘Rotary Avani’, an annual ecology festival in Bengaluru between 22 April, International Mother Earth Day and 5 June, World Environment Day, to create awareness about the environment, in The Five Elements – Earth, Water, Fire, Air and Sky, so that people, together with government, industry, business and citizens can participate in initiatives to improve urban ecological health.
Jan Brueghel gozh

Jan Brueghel gozh, pe Brueghel Voulouz (1568 e Brusel – 13 a viz Genver 1625), a zo ul livour flamank. Mab e oa da b-Pieter Brueghel gozh, ha breur yaouañ Pieter Brueghel yaouank. Tad e oa da Jan Brueghel yaouank, ha tad-kaer David Teniers. Eontr e oa da Jan van Kessel, hag e-touez e ziskibien e oa Abraham Govaerts ha Daniel Seghers.
Livet en deus bleunioù, ha taolennoù hervez ar Bibl. Labouret en deus ivez gant Rubens war-dro un toullad taolennoù.
-== Oberennoù ==
Manu Lann Huel

Manu Lann Huel a zo ur c'haner, ur barzh hag ur sonaozer, e brezhoneg hag e galleg, bet ganet e 1949. Manu a vev en ur bed a c'herioù, gwerzennoù, restaolet deomp dre e vouezh etre voulouz ha maengreun, en ur mod dibar ha ranngalonus.
Pechez

Ar pechez zo frouezh ar gwez-pechez (Prunus persica).
Doare ar voulouz zo gant o flusk arvelen pe orañjez. E-kreiz o bouedenn, chugonus ha sukret, ez eus un askorn, evel er c'herez, en abrikez pe er prun. Meur a seurtad pechez zo, diseurt o stumm ha liv o flusk, lod gant ur vouedenn wenn ha lod all gant ur vouedenn velen.
Frouezh eus Sina e oant gwechall hag eno e voe gounezet ar gwez-pechez evit ar wech kentañ. Goude e voent degaset da vroioù ar Reter Nesañ ha da vare Aleksandr Veur e errujont en Europa. Eus ar galleg eo deuet ar ger brezhonek pechez (pesches er Grennamzer) hag eus al latin pessica, persica e teue ar ger gallek, met malum persicum e oa anv latin kentañ ar frouezh-se, da lavaret eo "aval Persia".
Breton Women at a Pardon

Breton Women at a Pardon (French: Les Bretonnes au Pardon) is an 1887 oil on canvas by the French academic painter Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret. It shows seven women sitting on grass in a churchyard waiting for a ceremony to begin. The painting is composed of sombre tones, and the women have a serene calmness and a demeanour described as the embodiment of "simplicity and piety".
The women are dressed in traditional Breton costumes, which in the late 19th century would have been reserved for such an event: various starched white headdresses and collars worn over long, plain dark dresses. They are huddled in conversation while two men stand to their left with heads bowed, looking coyly at the women. The men have round black hats and are similarly dressed in black with white collars.
This work is the culmination of a series of Breton paintings and follows directly from the similar 1886 The Pardon in Brittany. It has a photorealistic look; Dagnan-Bouveret often used photographs as well as drawings and oil sketches when preparing for a finished canvas. There are many known photographic studies and drawings for both the Breton series in general and this work in particular. One photograph shows a grassy area in which the artist had a friend pose, and another a view of the church seen here in the background, complete with the festival flags protruding from the lower spire.
The vertical framing and almost uncomfortable proximity of the women add to its 'snapshot' aspect. From the photographs, the painting is known to have been posed at the Pardon de Rumengol, Finistère, Brittany.
Breton Women at a Pardon was first exhibited at the Salon in 1889, where it drew acclaim and won the Grand Prise. It is often compared to Paul Gauguin's at the time controversial 1888 Vision After the Sermon and Émile Bernard's 1888 Breton Women in the Meadow (clearly inspired by Dagnan-Bouveret), as much for contrast in approach and in critical reaction, as for their thematic and compositional similarities. Gauguin and Bernard were seen as radicals at the time and disdained at the Salon.
Yukata

A yukata (浴衣, lit. 'bathrobe') is an unlined cotton summer kimono, worn in casual settings such as summer festivals and to nearby bathhouses. The name is translated literally as "bathing cloth" and yukata originally were worn as bathrobes; their modern use is much broader, and are a common sight in Japan during summer. Though yukata are traditionally indigo and white in colour, modern yukata commonly feature multicoloured designs, and are designed to be machine washable. They are similar in appearance to the nemaki, a unisex short-sleeved kimono-like garment worn by guests at traditional inns.
Yukata are made using various textiles and dyeing techniques. Traditionally they were made with a technique called Nagaita-Chugata, where fabric was dyed on both sides with stencils. As this technique is expensive, a technique called Chusen was developed in the late Edo period to replicate the double sided cloth.
Yukata are worn by men and women. Like other forms of traditional Japanese clothing, yukata are made with straight seams and wide sleeves. Men's yukata are distinguished by the shorter sleeve extension of approximately 10 centimetres (3.9 in) from the armpit seam, compared to the longer 20 centimetres (7.9 in) sleeve extension in women's yukata. A standard yukata ensemble consists of a yukata obi, and sandals or geta worn without socks. The outfit may be accessorised with a foldable or fixed hand fan and the addition of a traditional carry bag known as a kinchaku, used by both men and women to carry cellphones and other small personal items.
As with all kimono, the left side of the yukata is wrapped over the right side, and secured with either a stiff, one-layer obi, or a softer, also one-layer obi. An outer jacket may be added for cool weather.
Traditionally, yukata were mostly made of indigo-dyed cotton; however, since an increase in popularity in the late 1990s, a wide variety of colours and designs are now available, worn by both men and women.
Though historically, yukata were worn traditionally as a bathrobe all-year round, in the present day this is uncommonly seen, and is mainly confined to onsen resort towns such as Atami, Kinosaki and Kusatsu, where yukata are still worn as bathrobes, commonly given to guests as part of their stay at a specific hotel or inn.
The Gaelic College

The Gaelic College (Scottish Gaelic: Colaisde na Gàidhlig), formally The Royal Cape Breton Gaelic College (Scottish Gaelic: Colaisde Rìoghail na Gàidhlig), is a non-profit educational institution located in the community of St. Anns, Nova Scotia, on Cape Breton Island, along the Cabot Trail. Founded in 1938, its focus has been on the perpetuation of Highland Scottish Gaelic culture.
Colaisde na Gàidhlig, The Gaelic College, was founded in 1938 by Presbyterian minister the Reverend A.W.R. MacKenzie, opening in a one-room log building on land in St. Ann's.
In September 2011, former Premier of Nova Scotia Rodney MacDonald was named president of the college. In December 2013, to recognize the 75th anniversary of the college's founding, its name was changed to "The Royal Cape Breton Gaelic College" (Colaisde Rìoghail na Gàidhlig) after Elizabeth II, the reigning Canadian monarch, granted permission for use of the prefix "royal", as requested to the federal Cabinet by the college's board of directors. However some, including Allan MacMaster, Member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly for Inverness, objected to the name change as offensive to Nova Scotians descended from Highlanders who had had to leave Scotland because of the Highland Clearances. In response Kirk McRae, the Acting Chair of the Gaelic College, said it was "just an honour of name, it doesn't take away what the goals are of the college ... that is to grow the Gaelic culture." The Chairman of the Monarchist League of Canada, Robert Finch, characterized the prefix as "a Canadian honour distinct from history's disputes between English and Scots." In March 2014, the board of governors decided to discontinue day-to-day use of the "royal" prefix.
In 2021, the college announced the opening of a new Gaelic-medium school at its satellite campus, Beinn Mhabu (Mabou Hill College) – the first of its kind in North America. The satellite centre will also host a Gaelic-language internet radio station, as well as artists, and will provide courses accredited by Cape Breton University.
The institution's mission is:
The early years of the college's history were dedicated to the instruction of the Scottish Gaelic language, which, in the 1930s, was under significant threat of dying out. It had once been spoken by over 100,000 Nova Scotians until the advent of modern transport and communications in the early 20th century began to force English assimilation in the agrarian economies of Cape Breton Island and Nova Scotia.
Today, the organization has a broader mandate to preserve the culture of the Scottish Highlanders, who settled in the area. Thousands of students from all over North America and around the world attend both summer sessions and courses held throughout the year. The college is also home base for organizations like the Cape Breton Fiddlers' Association and the annual Celtic Colours International Festival.
The college's curriculum covers the following:
Азийн наадам

Азийн наадам (Азийн тоглолт) нь Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайны дараа Энэтхэг улсын санаачилгаар зохиогдох болсон, 4 жил тутам зохион байгуулдаг Ази тивийн улсуудын спортын наадaм юм. Азийн Олимпын Зөвлөл (англи. Olympic Council of Asia, OCA) ерөнхий зохион байгуулагч нь тул "Азийн олимп” хэмээн нэрлэгддэг.
Ази тивд анх удаа олон спортын наадам 1913 онд Филиппиний Манила хотод "Дорно дахины наадам" гэж нэрлэгддэг. 1917 онд Шанхай хотод; нэрийг "Дорно дахины наадам"-аас "Алс Дорнодын аварга шалгаруулах тэмцээн" болгон өөрчилсөн. Эдгээр тоглоомууд 1938 он хүртэл үргэлжилсэн. Харин Азийн бусад орнуудад “Баруун Азийн наадам” 1934-1938 онд зохион байгуулагдаж байсан. Анхны “Баруун Азийн наадам” 1934 онд Энэтхэгийн Шинэ Дели хотод зохион байгуулагдаж байжээ. Дэлхийн 2-р дайны улмаас 1938 онд "Иерусалем Палестины Баруун Азийн 2-р наадам", "Алс Дорнодын Осака 11-р наадам" зэрэг Азийн бүх наадмыг 1938 онд цуцалжээ. 1948 оны Лондонгийн зуны Олимпын үеэр Азийн Үндэсний Олимпын Хорооны ерөнхийлөгч нар Ази дахь бүх наадмыг (Алс Дорнодын болон Баруун Азийн наадам) нэгтгэж, Азийн бүх ҮОХ-ны Азийн наадам гэж нэрлэх шийдвэр гаргажээ. Азийн наадмын холбоо нь 1949 онд Энэтхэгийн Шинэ Дели хотод байгуулагдсан. Анхны Азийн нэгдсэн наадам 1951 онд Энэтхэгийн Шинэ Дели хотод болсон бол Азийн хоёр дахь наадам 1954 онд Филиппин улсын Манила хотод болсон. Үүнээс хойш дөрвөн жилд нэг удаа наадмыг зохион байгуулдаг болсон.
1981 онд Азийн спортын удирдагчид "Азийн наадмын холбоо"-ны нэрийг "Азийн Олимпын Зөвлөл" (англи. Olympic Council of Asia, OCA) болгон өөрчлөх шийдвэр гаргажээ. 1982 онд Азийн Олимпын Зөвлөлийн төв байрыг Энэтхэгээс Кувейт руу нүүлгэсэн байна.
Ерөнхийдөө олимпын наадамд багтдаг спортын төрлүүдээс бүрдэхээс гадна боулинг, бильярд, кабади, сепак такрау зэрэг Азид өргөн тархсан, олимпод багтдаггүй спортын төрлүүд ч бий.
Түүнээс хойш ерөнхийдөө зуны олимп зохиогддоггүй тэгш тоотой жилүүдэд зохиогдсоор иржээ. Мөн 1986 оноос эхлэн зуны наадмаас гадна Азийн өвлийн наадам зохиогдох болсон.
Тайланд улсын нийслэл Бангкок хотноо хамгийн олон буюу дөрвөн удаа болж байсан түүхтэй. Азийн улсуудын хувьд дараа жил нь болох олимпын сонгон шалгаруулалт, 2 жилийн дараах Олимпын наадамд амжилт гаргах найдлага бүхий залуу тамирчдын томоохон сорилго болдог билээ.
Азийн зуны наадам болсон газруудын жагсаалт болно.
Бадмаанямбуугийн Бат-Эрдэнэ

Бадмаанямбуугийн Бат-Эрдэнэ нь Монгол улсын улс төрч, тамирчин.
1982 онд Хэнтий аймгийн Өмнөдэлгэр сумын 10 жилийн дунд сургууль,1990 онд Цэргийн дээд сургуулийг эрх зүйч мэргэжлээр төгссөн.
1983-2010 онд Биеийн тамир спортын "Хүч" нийгэмлэгт тамирчин, орлогч дарга, дарга, 1999-2004 онд “Аварга” биеийн тамирын дээд сургуулийн захирлаар ажиллаж байсан.
Б.Бат-Эрдэнэ 2004 оноос хойш 4 удаа УИХ-ын гишүүнээр сонгогдож, 2009-2010 онд УИХ-ын Хууль зүйн байнгын хорооны даргаар ажиллаж байв.
1989 онд Монгол Улсын гавъяат тамирчин, 1990 онд Монгол Улсын дархан аварга, 1991 онд Ардын хувьсгалын 70 жилийн ойн медаль, 1998 онд Монгол Улсын Хөдөлмөрийн баатар, 2001 онд Ардын хувьсгалын 80 жилийн ойн медаль, 2006 онд Их Монгол Улс байгуулагдсаны 800 жилийн ойн хүндэт медалиар тус тус шагнагдсан. 2012 онд Байгаль орчны тэргүүний ажилтан болсон. Орос, англи хэлтэй.
2004 - 2008 онд Монгол Улсын Их Хурлын гишүүн 2008 - 2012 онд Монгол Улсын Их Хурлын гишүүн 2009 - 2010 онд Монгол Улсын Их Хурлын Хууль зүйн байнгын хорооны дарга 2008 - 2012 онд Монгол Улсын Их Хурлын гишүүн 2016 оноос Монгол Улсын Их Хурлын гишүүн, Батлан хамгаалахын сайд.
Тэрбээр байгаль орчныг хамгаалах, хариуцлагагүй уул уурхайн эсрэг УИХ дээр идэвхтэй ажилладаг улс төрч. Өөрийн сонгогдсон нутагт ашигт малтмалын лиценз өгүүлээгүй гишүүн юм. 2013 онд Монгол Ардын Намаас ерөнхийлөгчийн сонгуульд нэр дэвшсэн боловч ялж чадаагүй.
Азийн наадмаас 1 мөнгө (1990 Бээжин, БНХАУ - +95кг), 3 хүрэл (1990 - үнэмлэхүй; 1994 Хирошима, Япон - +95кг, үнэмлэхүй) медаль хүртэж байв. Улсын 12 удаагийн аварга
Дэлхийн 4 удаагийн аварга (1985,1986,1988, 1989), 2 мөнгөн медальт (1991, 1998). Залуучуудын дэлхийн аварга (1984)
Дэлхийн аварга (1993), Азийн аварга (1995). Дэлхийн аварга шалгаруулах тэмцээнээс 2 мөнгө, 3 хүрэл медаль хүртсэн.
Галсанхүүгийн Вандан

"Луу гүний" Галсанхүүгийн Вандан (1888 - 1935) нь Архангай аймгийн Батцэнгэл сум (хуучнаар Сайн Ноён Хан аймгийн Луу гүний хошуу)-ын харьяат, үндэсний бөхийн улсын аварга юм.
Тэрээр хувьсгалаас өмнө арван засгийн наадамд 6 удаа түрүүлж, 1 удаа үзүүрлэн, нийт 8 удаа шөвгөрсөн ажээ.
Жигжидийн Мөнхбат

Жигжидийн Мөнхбат (* 1941 оны 6 сарын 1-нд Төв аймгийн Эрдэнэсант сум; † 2018 оны 4 сарын 9, Улаанбаатар) нь Монгол улсын гавьяат тамирчин, хөдөлмөрийн баатар, үндэсний бөхийн дархан аварга, олимпын мөнгөн медальт тамирчин байсан юм.
Ж.Мөнхбат 1941 оны могой жилийн 6 дугаар сарын 1-нд Төв аймгийн Эрдэнэсант суманд "Хадан" хошуу гэдэг газар эцэг Чанцал, эх Хажид нарын 11 хүүхдийн 10 дахь хүү болж төржээ. Хүүг төрөөд удаагүй байхад нагац ах Жигжид нь үрчилж авчээ. Эрдэнэсант сумын 7 жилийн дунд сургууль төгсөөд Санхүүгийн Техникум улмаар Эдийн засгийн дээд сургуульд сурсан байна.
1960 онд Санхүүгийн Техникумд сурч байхдаа сумын заан болоод л дараа жил нь 60 жилийн ойгоор улсын заан цол хүртэж байжээ.
Ж.Мөнхбат Монгол улсын чөлөөт бөхийн тамирчдаас олимп, дэлхийн АШТ-ий анхны медалийг эх орондоо авчирсан. 1967 онд Энэтхэг улсын Шинэ Дели хотноо болсон чөлөөт бөхийн ДАШТ-ээс хүрэл медаль хүртсэн (олимпын аварга Хасан Гюнгёрыг ялав) бол дараа жил нь Мексикийн Мехико хотод зохиогдсон зуны олимпын наадмаас мөнгөн медалиар энгэрээ мялаажээ.
Ж.Мөнхбат үндэсний их баяр наадамд 6 удаа (1963-1967, 1974) түрүүлсэн. 1963 онд улсын арслан У.Мижиддоржийг орхин түрүүлж улсын арслан цол хүртсэн. 1964, 1965 онуудад Бээжин аварга, Баянмөнх нарыг арслан заан цолтой байхад нь орхин түрүүлж улсын аварга цол хүртсэн. 1966, 1967 онуудад дархан аварга Д.Дамдин, Дархан аварга Х.Баянмөнх нарыг орхин түрүүлсэн. 1974 онд дархан аварга Х.Баянмөнхийг орхин сүүлчийн удаа түрүүлсэн. Анхны цагаан сарын барилдаанд 1963 онд түрүүлсэн. Цагаан сарын барилдаанд нийтдээ 6 удаа түрүүлж бүх бөхчүүдээс 3-т орох амжилт үзүүлжээ. Түүний өмнө Б.Бат-Эрдэнэ, Х.Баянмөнх нар л зогсдог билээ. Улсын их баяр наадамдаа нийт 23 удаа шөвгөрч мөн л 3-т орох амжилт үзүүлсэн билээ. Хамгийн сүүлд 1994 онд 53 насандаа 6 даван шөвгөрч улсын заан Р.Гансүхэд унасан билээ.
Эхнэр Ө.Тамир. Хүү Мөнхбатын Даваажаргал /Хакухо/ нь Японы мэргэжлийн сүмогийн ёкозүна цолтой бөх юм.
Түүнийг 2018 оны 4-р сарын 9-нд таалал төгсөхөд Спортын ордонд салах ёс гүйцэтгэж талийгаачийн шарилыг “Алтан-Өлгий”-д оршуулжээ. Салах ёс гүйцэтгэх ёслолд төр, нийгмийн нэрт зүтгэлтнүүд, спорт холбоодын удирдлагууд болон үндэсний бөхийн дархан аварга Х.Баянмөнх, Б.Бат-Эрдэнэ, А.Сүхбат, Г.Өсөхбаяр, аварга О.Балжинням, Г.Эрхэмбаяр, Ч.Санжаадамба, С.Мөнхбат нар энгүй хүчит аваргаа сүүлчийн замд нь үджээ.
Ж.Мөнхбатад зориулан төрсөн нутаг Төв аймгийн Эрдэнэсант суманд 2023 оны 7-р сарын 21-нд цээж баримал гэрэлт хөшөөг нь сүндэрлүүлжээ.
Фильдсийн медаль

Фильдсийн медаль буюу шагнал (англи. Fields Medal)- математикийн салбарт Абелийн шагналын нэгэн адил дэлхийн хамгийн нэр хүндтэй шагнал юм.
Нобелийн шагнал математикчдад олгогддоггүй явдалд эмзэглэж явсан Канадын математикч Жон Чарльз Фильдс (John Charles Fields) санаачлан 1936 онд бий болгосон медаль юм. 4 жил тутам болдог Олон улсын математикчдын Холбооны (The International Mathematical Union, ICM) зохин байгуулдаг Олон улсын математикчдын чуулганы (The International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) үеэр математикийн шинжлэх ухаанд өндөр амжилт гаргасан, 40-өөс доош насны 2,3 буюу 4 залуу математикчдад энэхүү медаль олгодог байна.
Энэ шагналыг "Математикийн Нобелийн шагнал" гэж нэрлэгдэх нь ч бий. Гэвч Нобелийн шагналаас "4 жилд нэг удаа олгогддог", "40-өөс доош настай хүн хүртэнэ" гэдгээрээ ялгаатай. Түүнчлэн Нобелийн шагнал нь амжилт бүтээл, ажил үйлсийг нь үнэлж олгодог тул нэг хүн хэдэн ч удаа хүртэж болдог бол Фильдсийн медалийг ганц л удаа хүртэх боломжтойгоос гадна мөнгөн шагнал байдаггүйгээрээ онцлогтой байсан.
Энэхүү шагнал нь 2006 оноос хойш 15,000 канад долларын мөнгөн шагнал дагалдан ирдэг болжээ.
Фильдсийн медалийн загварыг канад-америкийн барималч Р.Тэйт Маккензи зохион бүтээсэн байна. Медалийн диаметр 2,5 дюйма бюу 63,5 мм бөгөөд 14-каратын алтаар (583) хийдэг ажээ. Нүүрэн талд нь Архимедын дүрс бөгөөд латин хэлээр: «Transire suum pectus mundoque potiri» («Хүний хязгаарлагдмал байдлаас халин гарч Ертөнцийг эзлэх»). Ар талд нь: «Congregati ex toto orbe mathematici ob scripta insignia tribuere» («Дэлхийн өнцөг булан бүрээс ирсэн математикчид энэхүү шагналыг хөдөлмөр гавьяаг үнэлж олгосон юм») гэж бичсэн байдаг.
Монголчуудаас хараахан энэ медалийг хүртсэн хүн гараагүй байна.
Ард нь байгаа улсын нэрс нь тухайн эрдэмтний төрсөн орон. 1942, 1946 онуудад Дэлхийн 2-р дайны улмаас олгогдоогүй болно.
Конгрессын алтан медаль (АНУ)

АНУ-ын Конгрессын алтан медаль (англи. Congressional Gold Medal) -АНУ-ын Конгрессын нэрийн өмнөөс олгодог иргэний дээд шагнал. Конгрессын алтан медалиар Америкийн Нэгдсэн Улсын түүх, соёлд чухал ач холбогдолтой онцгой амжилт гаргасан дотоодын болон гадаад иргэдийг шагнах үндэслэл болдог байна.
Энэхүү медалийг 1776 онд бий болгож анх АНУ-ын анхны Ерөнхийлөгч Жорж Вашингтоныг шагнаж байжээ. 1860 он хүртэл уг медалийг цэргийн шагнал болгон гардуулж байсан бөгөөд байлдааны талбарт баатарлаг байдал үзүүлсэн цэрэг, офицерууд, гарамгай командлагч нарт олгодог байсан. "Хүндэтгэлийн медаль" бий болгосны дараа Конгрессын алтан медалийг цэргийнхэнд өгөхөө больсон боловч ялангуяа Дэлхийн 2-р дайн дууссаны дараа дайны талбарт цэргийн амжилт, баатарлаг гавьяа байгуулсан хүнийг шагнаж байжээ.
АНУ-д "Конгрессын алтан медаль"-тай ижил статуcтай буюу АНУ-ын иргэний дээд шагнал болох "Ерөнхийлөгчийн Эрх чөлөөний медаль" гэж байдаг юм.
Одоогийн АНУ-ын Конгрессын алтан медаль нь 465 грамм алт агуулсан 76.2 мм диаметртэй медаль юм. Медаль нь байнгын нэг загвартай байдаггүй бөгөөд шагнал бүрт онцлог өөр загвартай байдаг. Медалийн нүүрэн талд шагнуулагчийн зураг, арын талд нь дурсамжийн үгнүүд, билэгдэлийн дүрс зураг г.м. байдаг байна. Мөн уг медалийг энгэрт зүүх зориулалтгүй учраас зүү буюу ямар нэгэн тогтоох хэрэгсэл байдаггүй ажээ. Медалийн өртөг 2011 онд 30 мянган ам.доллар байсан.