davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Green week

Green week, or the green holidays, is a traditional Slavic seasonal festival celebrated in early June. It is closely linked with the cult of the dead and the spring agricultural rites. In Eastern European villages, the seven weeks following Easter have historically been a time of festivity. Green week takes place during the seventh week leading up to the Pentecost, and includes the seventh Thursday after Easter, called Semik.
The green week is followed by Trinity week, also known as the holiday of the Trinity in Eastern Christianity. It is also widely known as Whitsuntide week in the English-speaking world, especially Great Britain, and is inaugurated by the celebrations of Trinity Sunday, the Sunday of Pentecost in Eastern Christianity.
On Semik (the Thursday of the green week), funeral rites are held for the unclean dead (those who had died before their time). Birch trees are particularly significant, because they are considered hosts for the souls of the deceased. Sometimes people honor a particular tree by decorating it or carrying it around. At other times, people cut birch branches and hang them in their homes. The birch is also seen as a symbol of vegetative power, and may be honored with people's hope that it will bring its vitality to the coming season's crops.
Springtime and fertility rituals are also important to the holiday. Girls bring offerings of fried eggs (a symbol of rebirth) and beer to birches, and speak charms about improved harvest when weaving garlands for the trees. Another tradition is for girls to pledge vows of friendship before the chosen birch tree. Some believe this to be the remnant of ritual sexual activity associated with the cult of spring. Like Kostroma during Maslenitsa, a chosen birch tree is destroyed at the end of the festivities. It is usually drowned, "in order to provide the needed rainfall for the sprouting crops".
The rusalki are nature spirits (navki, mavki) associated with green week traditions. They derived their name from Rusalii, another name for the holidays. Some believe they were associated with deceased family members, or perhaps only unclean dead. Sometimes an honored birch tree would be named for a rusalka as part of green week. Some of the rites of green week (like making offerings of eggs and garlands) were thought to placate the rusalki so they would stay away from the village's agricultural fields for the season and not bring them harm. The rusalki are also associated with water and fertility, and so may be invoked during green week in an attempt to bring their moisture and vigor to the fields. During green week, rusalki are believed to be more active, making them a greater threat to villagers. One precaution villagers take during this week is to avoid swimming, because rusalki are thought to live in the water and could drown passersby.
There is a similar holiday celebrating Pentecost in Romania, called Rusalii. There are also similar Germanic traditions, for example, Pfingstbaumpflanzen in Germany. In modern-day Poland it is celebrated along with Pentecost Sunday as Zielone Świątki.
Romanian Language Day

The Romanian Language Day (Romanian: Ziua Limbii Române, Romanian pronunciation: [ˈziwa ˈlimbij roˈmɨne]) is a holiday in Romania and Moldova celebrated every 31 August for the Romanian language. Romanian is a Romance language, being part of the same linguistic family as the French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish languages.
The holiday was first proposed in Romania in 2011, when MPs of the Romanian Parliament from all political parties submitted a request to the Senate to make 31 August the "Romanian Language Day". Earlier, in the same year, organizations and associations of Romanians in Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia and Ukraine had already declared 31 August as such, starting to celebrate it in 2012 and asking the Romanian state to also recognize the holiday. The Senate approved it on 6 December 2011, while the Chamber of Deputies accepted it on 19 February 2013. Romanian President Traian Băsescu promulgated the holiday on 13 March 2013, which was published in the Monitorul Oficial six days later. According to the law that accepted the holiday, Law No. 53/2013, it can be celebrated by national public authorities and foreign diplomatic missions, which may organize cultural and educational events of a scientific or "evocative" character.
A holiday celebrating the Romanian language had originally been enacted on 23 June 1990 in Moldova. It was named "Limba noastră cea română" ("Our Romanian Language"), but this was changed in 1994 to simply "Limba noastră" ("Our Language"). On 2 March 2023, the Parliament of Moldova voted in a law that renamed the holiday, now being known in the country as the Romanian Language Day as well. On 31 August 2023, the first time the holiday was celebrated in Moldova under the name of "Romanian Language Day", there were a multitude of events in the country. Notably, the Romanian Academy and the Academy of Sciences of Moldova held a meeting and jointly organized a simultaneous event at the headquarters of both organizations in Bucharest and Chișinău respectively. The Romanian Language Day is a non-working day in Moldova.
The Romanian Language Day is also celebrated and recognized internationally. For example, the Romanian embassy in Madrid, Spain, congratulated on this day all Romanian-speaking persons for "preserving their national identity through their language" and announced that it supported the initiative of the Romanian Cultural Institute's (ICR) branch in Madrid to start an online campaign to pay homage to the work of Romanian literature translators to Spanish. Cultural organizations also ensure that indigenous Romanian diaspora communities can also celebrate the holiday. This has been the case in Vidin (Bulgaria), Zakarpattia Oblast (Ukraine), the Timok Valley and Vojvodina (Serbia) and Méhkerék (Hungary).
Alexandra Ianculescu

Alexandra Ianculescu OLY (born 21 October 1991 in Sibiu) is a Romanian-Canadian speed skater.
She immigrated with her family to Toronto, Ontario in 2001, and since 2008 trains and resides in Calgary, Alberta. Ianculescu was a member of the Canadian junior national speed skating team in 2011, and represented Canada at two junior championships. She later represented Canada on the World Cup circuit as a senior skater, competing in the 500m and the 1000m distances. In 2016, Alexandra competed for Romania in long track speed skating. She competed in the women's 500 metres at the 2018 Winter Olympics for Romania. In 2021, Ianculescu retired from competitive speed skating in order to pursue a second Olympic appearance, and a professional career in road and track cycling. She races for a Dutch Elite women’s road team called NWVG-UPLUS. So far, she did not reach any significant result.
Kaldi

Kaldi was a legendary Ethiopian goatherd who is credited for discovering the coffee plant around 850 CE, according to popular legend, after which such crop entered the Islamic world and then the rest of the world.
The story is probably apocryphal, as it was first related by Antoine Faustus Nairon, a Maronite Roman professor of Oriental languages and author of one of the first printed treatises devoted to coffee, De Saluberrima potione Cahue seu Cafe nuncupata Discurscus (Rome, 1671).
In modern times, "Kaldi Coffee" or "Kaldi's Coffee" and "Dancing Goat" or "Wandering Goat" are popular names for coffee shops and coffee roasting companies around the world. The biggest coffee chain in Ethiopia is called Kaldi's.
La escena del jardín de Roundhay

Roundhay Garden Scene (en español: La escena del jardín de Roundhay) es un cortometraje mudo de 1,66 segundos de duración.​
Fue filmado por el inventor francés Louis Le Prince el 14 de octubre de 1888 en el jardín de la casa de sus suegros en Leeds, Yorkshire del Oeste, Inglaterra.​​ La escena está protagonizada por Adolphe Le Prince (1872-1901), su hijo, Sarah Whitley (1816-1888) y Joseph Whitley (1816-1891), sus suegros y una amiga Harriet Hartley (1873-1898).​
Diez días después de la filmación, Sarah Whitley, la suegra de Le Prince, muere a los 72 años. Esto sirve para confirmar la fecha de creación de la pieza.​
Es considerada la primera película de la historia del cine, lo que hace a su autor el creador de esa arte.​​​​​ Se adelantó varios años a otras ilustres personalidades como Thomas Edison, que presentó el kinetoscopio en 1891, o los hermanos Lumiére, que expusieron el cinematógrafo en 1895.​​
Sin embargo, Le Prince nunca llegó a presentar su obra en los Estados Unidos, puesto que desapareció misteriosamente el 16 de septiembre de 1890 durante un viaje en tren que unía Dijon y París, justamente cuando se dirigía a patentar su invención en Londres.​ No hubo rastros de él o su equipaje, lo cual generó muchísima controversia.​ En 2003 –113 años más tarde–, se encontró en los archivos policiales parisinos la fotografía de un hombre ahogado, que podría ser Le Prince.​
El hijo de Le Prince, Adolph, testificó a favor de su progenitor en el litigio de 1898 contra Edison por un conflicto de patentes. Sin embargo, el fallo favoreció al empresario estadounidense. Dos años después del juicio, Adolph fue asesinado en Nueva York.​
La escena consta de 20 fotogramas que, al utilizarlo con el proyector de Le Prince a 12 fotogramas por segundo, entregaban los 1,66 segundos de duración.​
Sin embargo, una remasterización digital producida por el Instituto Nacional Museo de la Fotografía, Cine y Televisión de Bradford amplió el material original a 52 fotogramas, que al reproducirlos a la velocidad de 24 fotogramas por segundo –que es la cadencia de la cinematografía moderna– presenta una cinta de 2,11 segundos.​
Walmart Express

Walmart Express, es un formato de supermercado creado en 2020 para México, en sustitución del formato de tienda Superama (creado en 1965), cambiando todas sus tiendas durante el periodo de 2021, utilizando el nombre que se utilizaba en Estados Unidos, bajo estilo de tienda hasta el año 2016 como retome de nombre.​
En octubre de 2020 surge este formato de tienda en México para la sustitución del antiguo formato de tienda que estaba utilizando Walmart de México: Superama, dejando sólo las tiendas Walmart, Bodega Aurrera y Sam's Club en su estilo de negocio.​
Para este proceso Walmart hizo una inversión de aproximadamente 1,300 millones de pesos (mdp) para convertir la marca en formato Express, conservando la marca Superama de forma intelectual. Por lo que abriría su primera sucursal ubicada en el estado de Puebla, en la zona residencial Lomas del Valle, en 2021.​​
La primera tienda Superama transformada en Walmart Express fue la sucursal de Superama Obradores, en el municipio de Naucalpan de Juárez, en Estado de México inaugurada el 27 de noviembre del año 2020.​​En la misma fecha, en la ciudad de Mérida, Yucatán se inaugura la sucursal Walmart Express Mérida Oriente.​ En diciembre del mismo año contaba con 6 ubicaciones inauguradas bajo este nombre en México y el 14 de abril de 2021 reabrió 15 tiendas en Ciudad de México, Michoacán, Querétaro, Jalisco, Yucatán y Veracruz.​Al mismo año se empieza con la expansión de su tercera sucursal en el Estado de México, en el municipio de Cuautitlán Izcalli (espacio donde anteriormente era un Vips).​
En el mismo año, de forma oficial las tiendas de nombre Superama empiezan a desaparecer por completo hasta principios del año 2022 cuando las 93 ubicaciones de Superama se convirtieron en Walmart Express.​​​​​
En octubre de 2022 Walmart Express inaugura su tienda número 100 en Paseo de las Pitahayas en Querétaro, con una inversión de 116 millones de pesos (mdp).​ En 2024 se abre la primera sucursal Walmart Express Plaza Celaya, en Celaya, Guanajuato.​
Su formato de tienda consiste principalmente en la venta al consumidor de artículos básicos del hogar, dirigidas principalmente al nivel socioeconómico medio-alto, el cual ofrece productos como frutas y verduras; abarrotes; vinos y licores; farmacia; panadería; pastelería; carnes y aves; pescados y mariscos; salchichonería; quesos y comida preparada, bajo un piso de venta promedio de 2,000 hasta los 2,500m aproximadamente.
Parroquia de Santa María de la Natividad (Ciudad de México)

La Parroquia de Santa María de la Natividad es una parroquia católica, ubicada en la Colonia Niños Héroes de Chapultepec de la Alcaldía Benito Juárez, en la Ciudad de México. Está dedicada a la natividad de María.
Cuenta la leyenda que el nombre se debe a la fiesta de Santa María de la Natividad, celebrada el 8 de septiembre.​ Fue construida en 1585. Solo contaba con una capilla de adobe con un pequeño convento y no estaba rodeada por la barda que ahora la protege. A los 414 años de su fundación contaba con dos arcos al frente.
La reconstrucción y ampliación se llevó a cabo en 1944. El cambio de capilla por parroquia se celebró en agosto de 1958 y su primer párroco fue el padre Ángel Gordon. Actualmente está siendo restaurada.
En la fachada de la parroquia destaca el estilo barroco. Al entrar se puede observar, del lado izquierdo, un campanario y, del derecho, se encuentran las oficinas.
La parroquia cuenta con un amplio atrio bardeado, en el que se ubica un jardín recientemente remodelado con una fuente de esferas al centro.
Al entrar en el templo se pueden observar vigas de madera en el techo, del cual penden lámparas de araña de época. En las paredes se observan vitrales multicolores con una cruz en medio. Los santos se localizan en nichos de mampostería.​
Algunas de las obras que se encuentran dentro de la parroquia son: esculturas de San Judas Tadeo y Santa Ana; pinturas de la Virgen de la Misericordia y de la Representación del Bautizo de Jesucristo, entre otras.​
El altar es de mármol blanco con Jesucristo crucificado en el centro. Al lado derecho del altar se apuesta una puerta para ingresar a los nichos de las cenizas, junto con una pequeña capilla.
Batalla de Natividad

La Batalla de Natividad. Nombre dado en Estados Unidos al tiroteo que tuvo lugar el 16 de noviembre de 1846 en la Alta California (actual condado de Monterrey) entre un grupo de ciudadanos mexicanos armados y tropas profesionales estadounidenses durante la Guerra de Intervención Estadounidense.
Mientras que San Juan Bautista era el área que ocupaba el teniente coronel John C. Frémont con algunas de sus fuerzas, un contingente suyo de 50 hombres, fue atacado por una fuerza de 15 civiles méxico-californianos armados en terrenos del llamado Rancho de Natividad en el Valle de Salinas. Los mexicanos, que defendían a su patria, intentaban capturar algunos caballos para seguir la lucha en ese territorio que estaba invadido por fuerzas estadounidenses. Durante el combate, los mexicanos mataron a tres soldados estadounidenses e hirieron a siete, mientras que los mexicanos no sufrieron ningún muerto y tuvieron sólo cinco heridos, pero no consiguieron capturar ningún caballo, puesto que un gran número de refuerzos cercó el área; los mexicanos lograron escapar sin sufrir ninguna baja e internarse en el monte para continuar resistiendo a los invasores.
La "Batalla de Natividad" fue importante para los estadounidenses, sobre todo para los habitantes estadounidenses de California, ya que está marcada como parte de su historia. La consideran importante porque, aunque sólo fue una escaramuza, los cronistas estadounidenses aducen que fueron capaces de mantener a sus caballos en su ejército y por lo tanto entregarlos en una manera oportuna al Coronel Fremont, caballos que después serían muy apreciados en el Sur de California.
Municipio de Natividad

El municipio de Natividad es uno de los 570 municipios que conforman al estado mexicano de Oaxaca. Pertenece al distrito de Ixtlán, dentro de la región sierra norte. Su cabecera es la localidad homónima.​ Es el municipio más pequeño de todo México
El municipio abarca 2.09 km² y se encuentra a una altitud promedio de 2000 m s. n. m., oscilando entre los 1800 y los 2400 m s. n. m.​​
Colinda al norte y oeste con el municipio de Capulálpam de Méndez; al este y sur con los municipios Capulálpam de Méndez y Santiago Xiacuí.​
De acuerdo al último censo, realizado por el INEGI en 2010, en el municipio habitan 586 personas. La densidad de población es de 280 individuos por kilómetro cuadrado.​
La Natividad (El Greco, Illescas)

La Natividad es una obra del Greco, realizada entre 1603 y 1605 durante su último período toledano. Se encuentra en el santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Caridad.
El Greco, por mediación de su hijo, en 1603 consiguió un contrato para realizar cuatro cuadros para iglesia del antiguo hospital de la Caridad de Illescas (Toledo). Estas obras corresponden al periodo tardío del pintor.
Procede de La adoración de los pastores, que el Greco había realizado para el retablo de doña María de Aragón, en este caso la escena se simplifica a un Nacimiento sin la presencia de los pastores. El Greco pinta una escena tenebrosa solo interrumpida por la luz que emana de la figura del Niño Jesús. De esta manera, el pintor intenta representar que en el momento de la alumbramiento de Jesucristo es cuando el mundo conoce la Luz Divina, y presenta al Niño como foco de luz que guía a la humanidad en su camino hacia la Verdad. En este lienzo también se aprecian escorzos típicos del pintor, como la original intrusión de la cabeza retorcida del buey en primer plano bajo los pies de María, que enfatiza aún más la idea de que estos cuadros fueron realizados para ser vistos desde abajo.
Christmas tree production in Mexico

Until the 1990s most Christmas tree production in Mexico was limited to what could be taken from natural forests. Beginning in the 1990s trees were grown on plantations and in nurseries. By 2008 Mexico produced 800,000 Christmas trees domestically. A notable nursery is the Bosque de los arboles de navidad (Christmas trees forest) in Amecameca, State of Mexico.
During the 1970s and 1980s domestic production of natural Christmas trees was done through natural forests, a shift began in the 1980s and, especially, the 1990s toward plantations and nurseries. Between 1981 and 1989 a considerable number of trees were still taken from natural forests, though nurseries and plantation began to be used. However, between 1990 and 1999 trees were only taken from natural forests one time, in 1995. Between 1981 and 1999, domestic production in Mexico went from 407,000 trees to 635,000 trees. From 1981 to 1989 the peak year for production was 1986 when 800,000 trees were taken from forests, and grown on plantation and nurseries. Between 1990 and 1999 peak production came in 1994 at 698,000 trees, almost all of them were grown at nurseries.
In 2004 Mexican Christmas tree production amounted to about 600,000 trees annually on 2000 hectares of land. That same year, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported that the majority of Christmas tree farming in Mexico took place in three states, Mexico (424 hectares), Nuevo León (89 hectares) and Veracruz (60 hectares).
For the years 2008 and 2010 around 800,000 Christmas trees were grown in Mexico on 500 hectares of land. The USDA reported in 2011 that the majority of Christmas tree production in Mexico took place in the State of Mexico, 60 percent. However, tree production still took place in Nuevo León, Veracruz, as well as the states of Mexico City, Puebla, Jalisco, and Guanajuato.
Much of Mexico's demand for Christmas trees (around 1.8 million annually) is met through importation. In 2004 the United States enjoyed a 95 percent market share on tree imports. By 2009 the U.S. still exported nearly 1 million trees to Mexico each year, with a small amount coming from production in Canada.
In 2004 many Mexican tree producers sold their crop directly from their production areas, though a few farmers utilized local retail markets.
A 2004 USDA report on Mexican Christmas tree farming noted that the majority of Mexican produced Christmas trees were of the species Mexican White Pine (Pinus Ayacahuite), Mexican Pinyon (Pinus Cembroides), and Sacred Fir (Oyamel - Abies Religiosa). In 2011 the USDA included a more exhaustive list in a report of Mexican tree farming that included: Mexican White Pine (Pinus ayacahuite), Douglas Fir, Mexican Pinyon, Sacred Fir, and the Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis).
Christmas in Mexico
Paletería La Michoacana

La Michoacana is a group of different Mexican ice cream parlors, with an estimated 8 to 15 thousand locations in Mexico. The "chain" is a successful business model network of family-run businesses, no single company operates them as a formal franchise operation. In 1992 Alejandro Andrade and a group of enthusiastic ITESO students developed an image that would unify all La Michoacana parlors. And now it is an image that belongs to the entire town of Tocumbo. Paleterias bearing the name La Michoacana (or variations of this) are also found throughout the United States, Central and South America.
The informal structure of the business has led to legal battles over the rights to the "La Michoacana" brand. Currently, there are 3 different brands in Mexico that claim the ownership of the name. These are Paleterías La Michoacana, La Nueva Michoacana, and Helados La Michoacana. All of them present the emblematic aesthetic of the name, presenting pink and black color palettes, and heavily featuring a Mexican woman in the logo.
Also, due to the fact these are not operated as franchises but rather as small, independent businesses that choose to use the name, the quality of the product, pricing, and variety, the product itself can vary widely between locations.
National Youth Day (India)

National Youth Day, also known as Vivekananda Jayanti, is celebrated annually on 12 January, being the birthday of a Hindu monk, Swami Vivekananda. In 1984, the Government of India declared this day as National Youth Day and since 1985 the event is celebrated in India every year.
It was a decision of the Government of India taken in 1984 to celebrate the birthday of the great Swami Vivekananda, i.e. 12 January, as National Youth Day every year. The Government said that the philosophy of Swamiji and the ideals for which he lived and worked could be a great source of inspiration for the Indian Youth Day.
The National Youth Day is observed all over India at schools and colleges, with processions, speeches, music, youth conventions, seminars, yogasanas, presentations, competitions in essay-writing, recitations and sports on 12 January every year. Swami Vivekananda's lectures and writings, deriving their inspiration from Indian spiritual tradition and the broad outlook of his Master Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa. These were the source of inspiration and have motivated numerous youth organizations, study circles and service projects involving the youth.
Swami Vivekananda's birthday (12 January 1863), according to the Indian Almanac (Vishuddha Siddhanta Almanac) is on Pausha Krishna Saptami tithi, which falls on different dates in the English Calendar every year (generally in the month of January). This is observed in various centres of Ramakrishna Math and Mission in a traditional Hindu manner which includes mangal arati (a kind of worship practised in India, especially by Hindu people), special worship, homa (fire-ritual), meditation, devotional songs, religious discourses and sandhya-arati (vesper service at evenings).
150th birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda

Swami Vivekananda was an Indian Hindu monk. He was a key figure in the introduction of the Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the western world. The 150th birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda (12 January 2013) was celebrated all over India and in different countries in the world. Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports of India decided to observe 2013 as the year of 150th Birth Anniversary of Swami Vivekananda. Year-long events and programs were organised by different branches of Ramakrishna Math, Ramakrishna Mission, central government and different state governments of India, education institutions, youth groups etc. Bengali film director Tutu (Utpal) Sinha made a film The Light: Swami Vivekananda as a tribute to Swami Vivekananda on his 150th birth anniversary. The movie was released on 23 August 2013.
Political parties of Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka venerated Vivekananda at different functions and events across the city. Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayalalithaa told the life and teachings of Vivekananda has been a great inspiration to her, and she considers Vivekananda as her "political teacher". She sanctioned a fund of ₹20 million (US$230,000) on behalf of the Tamil Nadu government for the welfare of Vivekananda Cultural Centre of the state.
In 2012, a 3-day World Congress of Religions conference was organised by the Institute of World Religions (of the Washington Kali Temple), Burtonsville, Maryland, in association with the Council for A Parliament of World Religions, Chicago, Illinois to commemorate the 150th birthday of Swami Vivekananda.
In the official website of the event it was stated–
A bilingual film, The Light: Swami Vivekananda was made in India as tribute to Swami Vivekananda on his 150th birth anniversary. The director of the film Tutu Sinha told in an interview– "I have directed serials like Trishna and Rajmahal. I have also directed the serial Sadhok Bamakhyapa up to its 1000th episode. I always wanted to make a film on Swamiji."
Bengali theatre group Lokkrishti staged a drama Biley to commemorate the birth anniversary. Bengali theatre actor Debshankar Haldar played the role of Swami Vivekananda in this drama.
Thiruvalluvar Temple, Tiruchuli

Tiruchuli Thiruvalluvar Temple is a Hindu temple at Periya Pudupatti in Tiruchuli, Tamil Nadu, India, dedicated to poet-saint Valluvar, the author of the Kural text. It is one of the few temples in the state of Tamil Nadu dedicated to Valluvar. Valluvar is worshiped as the 64th nayanmar of the Shaivite tradition and is taken in annual procession.
The Thiruvalluvar temple at Tiruchuli was constructed in 1929. Initial worship began with poojas performed to a picture of Valluvar, to whom a statue was later sculpted.
The temple is located near Periya Pudupatti village of Tiruchuli near Aruppukkottai in Virudhunagar district of Tamil Nadu.
The villagers of Periya Pudupatti regard saint Valluvar as a common deity and have the tradition of worshiping him before initiating any new venture such as conducting a wedding.
Annual festivals at the temple include the Thiruvalluvar Day in January and the full moon day in the Tamil month of Maasi (February–March). Customs during these festivals include making vows and redeeming them by carrying pots of sprouted lentils (mullaipari) on their heads. Pongal is cooked during these festivals and Valluvar's idol is taken in a procession as the 64th nayanmar of the Shaivite tradition, after which the dish is offered to Valluvar. The pujas are performed according to Hindu tradition with camphor, garlands, and lighting of lamps. The chief worshipers in the Periya Pudupatti village are the Valluvar community, who are into fortune-telling. Nevertheless, people of all religions visit the temple and make offerings.
The temple conducts the annual guru pooja during the Tamil month of Maasi (February–March), on the death anniversary of Valluvar. Locals claim that this is the only temple that conducts a guru pooja for Valluvar.
Kuda Terbang Maria Pinto

Kuda Terbang Maria Pinto nggih punika sesirah buku kempalan cerita cekak anggitanipun Linda Christanty ingkang dipunbabar taun 2004 déning KataKita Jakarta. Buku ingkang kandelipun 134 kaca, kanthi ISBN 979-98302-0-6, punika nglantaraken Linda Christanty nampèni bebungah Kusala Sastra Khatulistiwa miyos kategori fiksi, taun 2004. Sasampunipun Kuda Terbang Maria Pinto, Linda Christanty ugi pikantuk bebungah ingkang sami miyos buku ingkang sesirah Rahasia Selma, saking fiksi, taun 2010.
Kuda Terbang Maria Pinto anggitanipun Linda Christanty kapérang wonten kalih welas carita cekak nggih punika Kuda Terbang Maria Pinto, Makan Malam, Pesta Terakhir, Lubang Hitam, Balada Hari Hujan, Danau, Lelaki Beraroma kebun, Perang, Joao, Qirzar, Rumput Liar, lan Makam Keempat. Wondéné sesirahipun kapundhut saking carita cekak kaping pisan, nggih punika Kuda Terbang Maria Pinto. Linda Christanty woten ing buku punika nyerataken babagan panindhasan, kehampaan, kelangan, kahanan politik, prayudan, miyos tembung-tembung ingkang adamel keli. Sinaosa Linda mboten terang-terangan nyerat papan panggènan utawi latar wingkingipun, para pamaos bokmenawi cekap saget mangertosi punaka suraos ingkang wonten ing carita-carita cekak punika.
Pilihan umum présidhèn Indonésia 2009

Pilihan umum Présidhèn Indonésia 2009 (dicekak Pilpres 2009 utawa Pemilu Présidhèn 2009) iku rangkèan saka Pemilu 2009. Pilpres 2009 bakal milih Présidhèn dan Wakil Présidhèn Républik Indonésia kanggo kala kalungguhan 2009-2014. Pipres iki minangka pamilihan présidhèn kanthi langsung sing kapindho ing Indonésia, sawisé sing pisanan ya iku ing taun 2004. Pemilu iki dijadwalaké wulan Juli 2009.
Pasangan calon Présidhèn lan Wakil Présidhèn diusulaké déning Parté pulitik utawa gabungan parté pulitik peserta Pemilihan Umum Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat 2009. Pasangan calon Présidhèn lan Wakil Présidhèn sing olèh swara punjul 50% gunggung swara pemilihan umum lan saora-orané 20% swara ing saben provinsi sing kasebar ing punjul setengah gunggung provinsi ing Indonésia, dilantik dadi Présidhèn lan Wakil Présidhèn. Yèn ora ana pasangan calon Présidhèn lan Wakil Présidhèn kapilih, rong pasangan calon sing olèh swara paling akèh pisanan lan kaloro dipilih manèh lan pasangan sing olèh swara rakyat paling akèh dilantik dadi Présidhèn dan Wakil Présidhèn.
Tokoh-tokoh sing wis mbiwara bakal maju utawa nampa pencalonan ing taun 2009 ya iku,
Tokoh-tokoh sing wis nyatakaké kamungkinan bakal nyalonaké dhiri antarané
Tokoh-tokoh liya sing dianggep duwé peluang sajeroning pamilihan présidhèn antarané,
Pasangan bakal calon présidhèn lan wakil présidhèn sing wis mbiwara lan ndhaptar bakal mèlu sajeroning Pemilihan Umum Présidhèn lan Wakil Présidhèn 2009.
Survei-survei nasional sing diayahi déning lembaga-lembaga survei ing taun 2007, 2008, lan 2009 nuduhaké kaunggulan Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dibandhingaké karo para (bakal) calon présidhèn liyané, sanadyan dipasangaké karo (bakal) calon wakil présidhèn ngendi waé.
Wakil Présidhèn Indonésia

Wakil Prèsidhèn Indonésia (jeneng resmi kalungguhan: Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia) iku wakil kepala negara babar pindah sirah saka pamaréntah Indonesia ingkang luwar biasa lan mirunggan. Minangka wakil kepala negara, Wakil Prèsidhèn iku uga simbol resmi negara Indonesia ing donya sing tumindaké padha karo kualitas tumindaké prèsidhèn minangka kepala negara. Minangka wakil kepala papréntahan, Wakil Presiden iku pembantu prèsidhèn sing tingkat kualitas bantuané ing dhuwuré bantuan sing diwènèhi karo mantri, nyekel kekuasaan eksekutif kanggo nglaksanakaké tugas-tugas padhinan pamaréntah sing diutus kanggo piyambaké. Wakil Prèsidhèn njabat sadanguné 5 taun, lan sabubaré iso dipilih sepisan maneh kanggo wektu jabatan ingkang padha.
Miturut Owahan Katelu UUD 1945 Pasal 6A, Prèsidhèn lan Wakil Prèsidèn dipilih sepasang kanthi langsung dening rakyat langkung Pilihan Umum Prèsidhèn lan Wakil Prèsidhèn (Pilpres). Sadurungé, Prèsidhèn (lan Wakil Prèsidèn) dipilih karo Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat.
Calon Prèsidhèn lan Wakil Prèsidhèn diusulké karo parté pulitik utawa gabungan parté pulitik sing mèlu pemilu sadurungé. Pilpres sing kapisan ing Indonésia diadhani ing taun 2004.
Yen ing Pilpres éntuk >50% akèhé swara ing pemilu paling ora 20% ing pendhak provinsi ingkang kasebar ing luwih saka separo akèhé provinsi Indonésia, mula minangka Prèsidhèn lan Wakil Prèsidhèn sing kapilih. Yen ora ana pasangan calon Prèsidèn lan Wakil Prèsidhèn sing kepilih, mula pasangan sing oleh swara paling akèh kapisan lan kapindo ing Pilpres melu Pilpres Puteran Kaloro. Pasangan sing oleh swara paling akèh ing Pilpres Puteran Kaloro dinyataaké minangka Prèsidhèn lan Wakil Prèsidhèn Kapilih.
Ing babagan kalowongan Wakil Prèsidhèn, Prèsidhèn ngajokaké 2 calon Waprès kalihan MPR. Saorané, ing wektu 60 dina MPR ngadakaké Sidang MPR kanggo milih Waprès.
Ing babagan Prèsidhèn lan Wakil Prèsidhèn leloroné bebarengan, mula parté pulitik (utawa gabungan parté pulitik) sing pasangan Calon Prèsidhèn/Wakil Prèsidhèné oleh swara paling akèh kapisan lan kapindo ing Pilprès sadurungé, ngusulaké pasangan calon Prèsidhèn/Wakil Prèsidhèn déning MPR.
Saorané ing 30 dina, MPR nganakaké Sidang MPR kanggo milih Prèsidhèn lan Wakil Prèsidhèn.
Salaras dening Pasal 9 UUD 1945, Prèsidhèn lan Wakil Prèsidhèn kang kapilih supata miturut agama utawa semaya kanthi temen ing ngarep Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat utawa Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat. Yèn MPR utawa DPR ora isa nganakaké sidang, mula Prèsidhèn lan Wakil Prèsidhèn kapilih supata miturut agama utawa semaya kanthi temen ing ngarep uluning MPR karo diseksèni dening pangarep Mahkamah Agung.
Supata Prèsidhèn (Wakil Prèsidhèn):
"Marang Allah aku supata akan memenuhi kewajiban Presiden Republik Indonesia (Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia) dengan sebaik-baiknya dan seadil-adilnya, memegang teguh Undang-Undang Dasar dan menjalankan segala undang-undang dan peraturannya dengan selurus-lurusnya serta berbakti kepada Nusa dan Bangsa."
Hardjono H.P.

Hardjono H.P. utawa Hardjono Hadipranoto (lair ing Kadhiri 9 Juli 1939) Jawa Wétan. Naté sinau ing Jurusan Ilmu Publisistik, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Politik, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta (tamat taun 1966). Anggoné nulis buku diwiwiti nalika isih dadi mahasiswa. Saliyané kuwi uga nulis ésai lan artikel budaya.
Kartun

Kartun iku gambar katon lucu kang nuduhaké prastawa. Wong-wong sing nggawé kartun kasebut kartunis. Sawetara jenisè gambar kartun sing dikenal dina iki kartun editorial, lelucon kartun, lan komik strip. Editor kartun utawa kartun politik biyasané dimaksudaké kanggo ndheleng politik utawa sosiyal kanthi cara nyindhir. Sauntara kuwi, lelucon kartun temenan kanggo dadi lucu tanpa nyindhir. Komik Strip punika gambar kartun ing wangun komik cendhak. Kartun uga bisa digunakakè minangka ilustrasi, contone ing buku, majalah, utawa salam sim. Kajaba iku, kartun uga akeh ing media liyane, yaiku film, lan dikenal minangka animasi.
Kartun punika wujud kalih dhimènsi seni visual ingkang berilustrasi. sapunika kartun wonten ing gambar padatanipun non-realistis utawi semi realistis. Kartun punika gambar ingkang gadhah sipat representasi utawi simbolik ingkang ngandhut unsur nyindir, guyonan, utawi humor .
Tembung kartun punika sajatosipun saking Basa Italia Cartone ingkang ateges kertas. Wonten ing babagan seni murni, kartun punika kalebet gambaran kasar utawi skétsa wiwitan wonten ing kanvas ageng utawi rerenggan témbok wonten ing yasan arsitektural kados mozaik, kaca lan sapanunggalé.
Saking pangertosan mau gambar kartun punika kalebet gambar ingkang dèrèng dados. taksih asifat kasar minangka hubunganipun kaliyan kamiripan objek acuan. Nanging boten miriping kaliyan objek acuan punika malah efektif lan fleksibel kanthi médhia menapa kemawon. Satunggaling panaliti komik 'Scout McCloud ngandharaken bilih kekuatanipun gambar kartun punika sanès babagan tèknik nggambar nanging langkung dhateng sipat universal gambar kartun. Tuladhanipun saya katon wajahipun kados ing kartun, saya kathah ugi tiyang ingkang saged nggambarake.
Kartun ingkang wonten ing médhia cithak miturut Wijana (satunggaling linguis) punika jinisipun wonten tiga, inggih punika:
Kartun punika saged ugi kanggé ilustrasi. Tuladhanipun kanggé buku, majalah, utawi kartu ucapan. sapunika kartun sampun gadhah pangembangan dados médhia filem utawi kawéntar kaliyan kartun animasi.
Miturut ginanipun, kartun punika kapérang dados tiga inggih punika:
Buku

Buku ya iku bahan pustaka kang agawe saka kertas kang wujud lembaran wutuh lan kang paling utama ana ing koleksi pabukon. standar minimal buku yaiku paling sitik 49 halaman/kaca, ora kalebu kulit/ cover lan utawa jaket buku. buku iku ora wujud terbitan berseri/serial publication kang terbit miturut wayah tertentu lan berkelanjutan.
Ana sawatara sumber kang mratélakaké sajarah bab buku. Buku pisanan disebutaké lair ing Mesir taun 2400-an SM sawisé wong Mesir nyiptakaké dluwang papirus. Dluwang papirus kang isi tulisan iki digulung lan gulungan mau minangka wangun buku kang pisanan. Ana uga kang nyritakaké buku wis ana wiwit jaman Sang Buda ing Kamboja amarga wektu iku Sang Buda nulisaké wahyuné ing godhong lan sabanjuré diwaca makaping kaping. Ma-abad-abad sawisé iku ing Cina, para cendekiawan nulisaké ngèlmu-ilmuné ing sada kang ditalèni dadi siji. Bab iki duwé prabawa marang sistem panulisan ing Cina saéngga aksara Cina ditulis kanthi vertikal yaiku saka dhuwur mangisor.
Buku kang kagawé saka dluwang wiwit ana sawisé Cina kasil nyiptakaké dluwang ing taun 200-an SM. Dluwang njalari akèh owah-owahan ing donya. Pedagang muslim nggawa tèknologi dluwang saka Cina menyang Éropa ing wiwitan abad 11 Masehi. Ing Éropa iki indhustri dluwang tambah maju. Apamanèh kanthi diciptakaké mesin pangecap déning Gutenberg tuwuh lan sumebaré buku ngalami revolusi. Dluwang kang ènthèng lan bisa tahan suwé dikumpulaké dadi siji lan kacipta sawijining buku.
Wong kang mirsani buku racaké dijuluki bibliofil utawa kutu buku.
Sawetara conto buku:
ISBN

ISBN (International Standard Book Number) yaiku kodhe pangidhèntipikasi utawa tata baku katalogisasi indeks buku kang asipat unik. ISBN lumrahé awujud 13 angka kang nggampangaké panggolèkan lan pamasaran buku. ISBN ngemot informasi bab irah-irahan, panerbit, lan golongan panerbit. Amarga iku, antarané buku siji lan liyané bakal béda nomer ISBN. ISBN diwènèhké saka Badan Internasional ing London, néng Indonésia ISBN diwènèhké saka Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia RI.
ISBN duwé guna kanggo: 1. Maringi idhèntitas kanggo salah sawiji irah-irahan buku kang diterbitake panerbit; 2. Mbiyantu ngalancaraké distribusi buku amarga kena nyegah klèru-klèru ing pamesenan buku; 3. Srana promosi kanggo panerbit amarga informasi pancantuman ISBN disebaraké saka Badan Nasional ISBN Indonésia ing Jakarta, uga Badan Internasional kang ana ing London.
Nomer ISBN madeg saka 13 angka lan dikèki huruf ISBN nèng ngarepé. Nomer iku madeg saka 5 pérangan. Saben pérangan dicithak kanthi dipisah tandha hyphen (-). Kelompok pambagéyan nomer ISBN ditemtokaké kanthi struktur kaya mangkéné:
tuladha : ISBN 978-602-8519-93-9
1. Angka pangenal produk terbitan buku saka EAN (Prefix identifier) = 978 2. Kode kelompok (group identifier) = 602 (Default) 3. Kode panerbit (publisher prefix) = 8519 4. Kode irah-irahan (title identifier) = 93 5. Angka pamariksa (check digit) = 9
Terbitan-terbitan kang bisa dikèki ISBN, yaiku: 1. Buku kacithak (monografi) lan pamphlet; 2. Terbitan Braille; 3. Buku péta; 4. Film, vidéo, lan transparansi kang asipat édukatif; 5. Audiobooks ana kasèt, CD, utawa DVD; 6. Terbitan èlèktronik (kaya ta machine-readable tapes, disket, CD-ROM lan publikasi ing internèt); 7. Salinan digital saka cithakan monograf; 8. Terbitan microform; 9. Software édukatif; 10. Mixed-médhia publications kang ngemot tèks.
Déné terbitan kang ora bisa dikeki ISBN, yaiku: 1. Terbitan kang terbit kanthi tetep (kalawarta, buku, lsp.); 2. Iklan; 3. Printed music; 4. Dokumèn pribadi (kaya ta biodata utawa profil personal elektronik); 5. Kertu ucapan; 6. Rekaman musik; 7. Software saliyané kanggo édukasi kalebu game; 8. Buletin èlèktronik; 9. Surat èlèktronik; 10. Dolanan.
ISBN ditulis nganggo huruf cithak kang jelas lan gampang diwaca. Singkatan ISBN ditulis nganggo huruf gedhé, ndhisiki panulisan angka pangenal golongan, pangenal panerbit, pangenal irah-irahan, lan angka pamariksa. Kanggo terbitan cithak, ISBN dicantumké ing: 1. Pérangan ngisor sampul mburi (back cover); 2. Verso (ing walike kaca irah-irahan) (kaca copyright); 3. Geger buku (spine) kanggo buku kandhel, nèk bisa.
Edwin Lau

Edwin Lau iku chef utawa tukang masak kang lair ing Ujung Pandang, 16 November 1982. Dhèwèké iku koki spesialis panganan séhat (healthy chef) uga nutrisionis. Edwin Lau duwé bakat kang akèh. Saliyané jago masak, ahli nutrisi, panulis buku, Edwin Lau uga seneng ulah raga. Dhuwure Edwin Lau ya iku 180 cm lan boboté 78 kg. Bapake asmane Haryanto Lauwy lan ibune Yuliana Lauwy. Dhisike, Edwin Lau sekolah SMA ing SMA Tarakanita Pluit, Jakarta, banjur nurusake kuliah D-3 Pariwisata ing Akademi Pelita Harapan (2000-2003).
Edwin Lau tau kerja ing Sakana Japanese Restaurant, Jakarta ing taun 2001-2002, ing The Ritz Carlton Bali taun 2002 nganti tekan taun 2003, ing Grand Hyatt Jakarta (2003-2007). Saiki, Edwin Lau duwé akèh profesi, kaya déné professional chef, Japanese restaurant consultant, nutrition & fitness consultant, modhel, panatacara ing televisi, lan healthy chef.
Edwin Lau tau makarya minangka kontributor Men's Health Indonésia (Kiat Sedap), dadi kontributor Cosmo Man Indonésia (fitness & nutrition), lan tau nulis buku kang irah-irahane Healthy Expressv (Super Sehat dalam 2 Minggu (Gramedia)). Minangka panatacara ing televisi, dhèwèké dadi panatacara ing ing Healthy Life (Metro TV) minangka talkshow, ing Foodvaganza (TVN) minangka acara healthy cooking program, lan ing Healthy Chef (Astro TV) minangka acara healthy cooking & fitness program.
Prestasi kang kaentukake déning Edwin Lau ya iku dhèwèké tau menang minangka Finalist Men's Health Be Our Cover ing taun 2006 lan dadi Second Runner-up Mister Indonésia ing taun 2007.
Edwin Lau tau sekolah ing:
Karir utawa pagaweyan kang tau dilakoni déning Edwin Lau, ya iku;
Arifin Putra

Arifin Putra (lair 1 Mèi 1987; umur 37 taun) ya iku artis enom kang miwiti karire bebarengan karo Oxygen Entertainment ning sinétron, lan lewat perane ning sinétron Senandung masa Puber. Dhèwèké seneng dolanan gokart lan jet ski. saliyané iku dhèwèké seneng maca buku. Buku kang disenengi ya iku Da Vinci Code. Minangka profesiné dadi aktor, dhèwèké uga golèk referensi akèh-akèh liwat nonton filem. Film-filem kang dadi kelangenane ya iku Blow, Forest Gump, A Beautiful Mind, Gladiator, lan Truman Show. Arifin Putra dikabaraké duwé gayutan spesial karo para wanita ayu, kaya ta Ingka Noverita lan Tyara Renata. Nanging, kabèh gosip saka dhèwèké iku dibantah amarga wis ana pepujaning atiné ya iku Clarissa.
Dhèwèké kondhang amarga dadi paraga ning sinétron kang judhulé Kisah Kasih di Sekolah kang dibabarake ing taun 2004. Ing sinétron IKU dhèwèké meranaké tokoh Daniel. Dhèwèké uga tau meranaké Doni ning sinétron kang judhulé Mawar.
Ning taun 2000, Arifin Putra kapilih dadi finalis Cover Boy Aneka. Nuli, nalika ning umur 16 taun, dhèwèké dadi finalis MTV VJ Hunt ning taun 2003 kang ing pungkasané ora éntuk jawara MTV amarga kalah saing karo Daniel Mananta. Dhèwèké asring metu ning televisi Indonésia kaya ta ning sinétron-sinétron. Arifin miwiti karir aktingé dinaungi déning Oxygen Entertainment. Ora namung sinétron, Arifin uga asring dijaluk dadi bintang video klip, kaya ta ning klip lagu Kisah Kasih di Sekolah kang dinyanyikaké déning Chrisye kang pungkasané ndadèkaké dhèwèké éntuk peran ning sinétron kang irah-irahane kang padha karo tembang iku. Sawisé njegur ning donya sinétron, Arifin wiwit nyoba kanggo njegur ning donya perfileman. Awit taun 2008, dhèwèké mainaké peran ning filem kang judhulé Lost In Love kang dadi sekuel saka filem Eiffel I'm In Love. Ning filem iki, dhèwèké beradu acting karo Richard Kevin lan Pevita Eileen Pearce. Ning taun 2010, Arifin dipercaya main akting ning filem Rumah Dara. Ning taun 2011, Arifin mbintangi filem kang irah-irahané Batas, Merag Putih 3, lan Badai Di Ujung Negri kang bakal diputer ning sasi September.
Basa Indhonésia

Basa Indhonésia punika nagarabasanipun Indhonésia. Basa Indhonnesia punika sayektinipun basa Malayu ingkang dipunpituturaken ing tlatah Indhonésiå
Gunggungipun para panutur basa Indhonésia sawatawis 200 yuta jiwa.
Punikå fonèm-fonèm båså Indhonésiå. Kapisan punikå tabel fonèm swårå (Ind: vokal) lajeng tabel fonèm wyanjånå (Ind: konsonan).
Båså Indhonésiå ugi gadhah fonèm ayun swårå /ai/, /au/, and /oi/.
Pènget: Swanten antawis tåndhå kurung punikå saged dipunwastani silih swanten, minångkå wyanjånå antårå tåndhå kurung punikå 'fonèm ampilan' (Ing: loan phonemes) milå punika fonèm-fonèm punikå naming wonten ing tembung-tembung ampilan kémawon.
Komik Indonesia

Komik Indonesia inggih punika komik ingkang asalipun saking Indonésia utawi asiling karya satunggaling komikus Indonésia. Déné komik piyambak inggih minangka satunggaling cara kanggé nyariosaken satunggaling cariyos ingkang ngginakaken gambar mminangka medianipun lan komik punika sampun misuwur wiwit jaman karajan - karajan ing kapuloan nuswantara. Salah satunggalipun cara kanggé nyariosaken satunggaling cariyos ngginakaken gambar ing masa purbakala inggih punika saged dipuntingali wonten ing relief- relief ingkang dipunpahat wonten ing témbok candhi- candhi ingkang mratah wonten ing sadaya pelosok nagari Indonésia. Boten wonten satunggaling kesepakatan ngèngingi gaya gabar ln gaya cariyos komik Indonésia. Ing wekdal punika, komik Indonésia kathah ingkang dipunwedalaken déning koloni, déné salah satunggaling jalur kanggé medalaken komik punika inggih kagunganipun m&c Gramedia Grup, lan langkung kathah ngetingalaken komik Indonesia kanthi gaya gambar "manga". Sapérangan komikus sampun sami sarujuk bilih komik Indonesia inggih punika komik ingkang dipundamel saé punika cariyosipun lan utawi gambarpun dipunwedalaken, dipunsebaraken déning komikus lan tiyang Indonesia wonten ing tanah Indonésia piyambak.
Kawontenanipun komik- komik ing Indonésia wonten ing taun 1930 nan kapanggih wonten ing médhia Walanda kados ta De Java Bode lan D’orient wondene ing mriku kapanggih wonten ing komik- komik kados ta Flippie Flink and Flash Gordon. Ing purwakaning taun 1950 an, salah satunggaling pionir komik ingkang nama Abdulsalam ngedalaken komik strip heroikipun wonten ing harian Kedaulatan Rakyat, Yogyakarta, salah satunggalipun inggih kanthi irah- irahan "Kisah Pendudukan Jogja", ingkang nyariosaken bab agresi militèr Walanda dhateng Kutha Ngayogyakarta. Komik punika lajeng dipundamel buku déning harian Pikiran Rakyat saking Bandung. Sapérngan pengamat komik inggih nganggep bilih buku punika minangka buku komik sepisanan ingkang dipundamel déning artis komik Indonesia. Déné artis- artis komik Indonésia sanèsipun inggih kados ta:
Pangrembakanipun komik Indonésia boten saged uwal saking pangrembakaning komik Indonésia ing nagara sanèspun, saé punika kanthi langsung punapa boten. Kados déné karya seni sanèsipun, komik Indonesia inggih saed nandang wontenipun gesehan ing antawisipun budaya ln tradhisi saking njawi.
Komikus ingkang milih style punika kathah- kathahipun inggih ngrujukaken karyanipun dhateng komikus- komikus Amérika. Sapérangan saking para komikus punika inggih ugi wonten ingkang makarya kanggé mrodhuksi komik mrika. Sapéérangan komikus ingkang saged dipunsebat mapan wonten ing aliran Amérika ing antawisipun inggih punika kados ta:
Sapérangan komikus ingkang aktip ngedalaken karyanipun kanthi gaya Jepang inggih punika kados ta:
Ahmad Muzani

Ahmad Muzani (born in Tegal, 15 July 1968) is an entrepreneur and politician from the Great Indonesia Movement Party. He is the Secretary General of the Great Indonesia Movement Party and a member of the House of Representatives (Indonesia).
Since he was a teenager he has been in various organizations in his hometown. He has also been noted to lead the Indonesian Islamic Students (PII), before continuing his education majoring in Communication studies at the Universitas Ibnu Chaldun, Jakarta.
His political career began under the Star Reform Party (PBR) formed by Zainuddin M.Z, during which Muzani served as Deputy Secretary General. But ahead of the 2009 elections, Muzani who once worked as a manager of an oil palm plantation owned by Prabowo Subianto was thrusting towards Great Indonesia Movement Party.
He then nominated himself as a member of the legislative electoral district of Lampung I which includes Bandar Lampung, West Lampung, South Lampung, Tanggamus, Pesawaran, and Metro. After elections he was announced as the winner representing Senayan from 2009 to 2014 after reaching 24,723 votes. Muzani was sworn into the Commission I in charge of Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Information.
In 2014, he was re-elected as a member of the House of Representatives and was appointed chairman of the faction of Great Indonesia Movement Party in the House of Representatives.