davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
राजस्थान विधानसभा

राजस्थान विधानसभा हे भारताच्या राजस्थान राज्याच्या विधिमंडळाचे एकमेव सभागृह एक आहे. २०० आमदारसंख्या असलेल्या राजस्थान विधानसभेचे कामकाज जयपूर शहरामधून चालते. भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेसाचे सी.पी. जोशी हे विधानसभेचे सभापती असून मुख्यमंत्री अशोक गेहलोत विधानसभेच्या नेत्या आहेत.
भारताच्या इतर विधिमंडळांप्रमाणे राजस्थान विधानसभेचा कालावधी ५ वर्षांचा असतो व आमदारांची निवड निवडणुकीद्वारे होते. सरकार स्थापनेसाठी राजकीय पक्षाला अथवा राजकीय आघाडीकडे १०१ जागांचे बहुमत असणे अनिवार्य आहे. विद्यमान ७वी विधानसभा २०१८ सालच्या निवडणुकीनंतर अस्तित्वात आली. मागील निवडणुकीमध्ये गमावलेली सत्ता भाजपने ह्या निवडणुकीत परत मिळवली.
भारतीय जनता पक्ष (115) भारतीय राष्ट्रीय काँग्रेस (69) भारतीय आदिवासी पार्टी (3) बहुजन समाज पक्ष (2) राष्ट्रीय लोकतांत्रिक पार्टी (1) राष्ट्रीय लोक दल (1) अपक्ष (8) एकूण (199)
पाली (राजस्थान)

हा लेख राजस्थानमधील पाली शहराविषयी आहे. महाराष्ट्रातील पाली गावाबद्दलच्या माहितीसाठी पहा - पाली.
पाली भारताच्या राजस्थान राज्यातील एक शहर आहे. हे शहर बांदी नदीच्या काठी जोधपूरपासून ७० किमी पूर्वेस आहे.
हे शहर पाली जिल्ह्याचे प्रशासकीय केंद्र आहे.
नाणेघाट

नाणेघाट हा भारताच्या महाराष्ट्र राज्यातील एक प्राचीन व्यापारी घाट मार्ग आहे. हा मार्ग पूर्वीचे जीर्णनगर(जुन्नर) व कोकणातील भाग यांना जोडतो. हा घाटमार्ग सातवाहन-कालीन आहे. व्यापारासाठी सोयीचे व्हावे यासाठीच देश(सह्याद्रीच्या पूर्वेकडील महाराष्ट्र) व कोकणाला जोडत हा घाट खोदण्यात आला. इसवी सन पूर्व पहिल्या शतकात हे खोदकाम झाले. या मार्गाचे एक टोक वर जुन्नरच्या दिशेला, तर दुसरे खाली कोकणात मुरबाड तालुक्यात आहे.
मौर्य राजांनंतर सत्तेत आलेल्या सातवाहन राजांनी हा घाट खोदला. या घाटात सातवाहनांनी एक लेणे तयार करत त्यामध्ये त्यांच्या कुलाची गाथाही कोरून ठेवलेली आढळते. येथे असलेल्या लेखात सातवाहन सम्राज्ञी 'नागणिके'विषयी माहिती मिळते. या लेखांमध्ये महाराष्ट्राच्या आद्य राज्यकुल, त्यांचा पराक्रम, दानधर्माबद्दल माहिती आहे. इसवी सन पूर्व पहिल्या शतकात भारताच्या मोठया भूप्रदेशावर राज्य करणारा सातवाहन हे पहिले राजे होते. हा राजवंश सुमारे चार शतके सलग राज्य करत होता. या काळात त्यांचे तीस पराक्रमी राजे होऊन गेले. या सातवाहनांच्या राजवटीत महाराष्ट्र इतर प्रदेशात सुवर्णकाळ होता असे मानले जाते. प्रतिष्ठान (पैठण), जीर्णनगर (जुन्नर), तगर (तेर), नेवासे, नाशिक अशी भरभराटीला आलेली शहरे या राजवटीत उदयास आली. अशा या सातवाहनांच्या राज्यात प्रवेश करण्यासाठी ‘नाणेघाट’ हा प्रमुख मार्ग होता.
येथील एका लेखात सातवाहनांच्या पराक्रमाशिवाय त्यांनी इथे केलेले यज्ञ, दानधर्माचे उल्लेख आहेत. सातवाहन राजांनी दोनदा अश्वमेध यज्ञ केला असे दिसून येते. याशिवाय वाजपेय यज्ञ, राजसूय यज्ञ असे तब्बल २२ यज्ञ इथे पार पडल्याची माहिती हे लेख देतात. हजारो गाई, शेकडो हत्ती, घोडे, खेडी, धान्य, वस्त्र-अलंकार आणि तत्कालीन सातवाहनांची कार्षांपण या नाण्यांचा मोठा दानधर्म केल्याचाही यात उल्लेख येतो.
रांजण

रांजण हे मातीपासून बनवले जाते.याचा वापर पाणी ठेवण्यासाठी करतात.यात पाणी गार राहते.रांजणाचा आकार मोठा असतो.त्यात सुमारे २० लिटर ते ५० लिटर इतके पाणी मावते.पाणी धारण क्षमतेनुसार ते वेगवेगळ्या आकाराचे असतात.
काटी ( तुळजापूर तालुका ) पासून व धामणगाव ( वैराग जवळ ) या दोन्ही गावाच्या मध्ये प्राचीन व्यापारी मार्गावरील हा जकातीचा रांजण आहे.
डिसेंबर १९

डिसेंबर १९ हा ग्रेगरी दिनदर्शिकेनुसार वर्षातील ३५३ वा किंवा लीप वर्षात ३५४ वा दिवस असतो.
डिसेंबर १७ - डिसेंबर १८ - डिसेंबर १९ - डिसेंबर २० - डिसेंबर २१ - (डिसेंबर महिना)
अमरावती विधानसभा मतदारसंघ

अमरावती विधानसभा मतदारसंघ - ३८ हा महाराष्ट्र राज्य विधानसभेच्या २८८ मतदारसंघांपैकी एक आहे. हा मतदारसंघ अमरावती जिल्ह्यात आहे. लोकसभा आणि विधानसभा मतदारसंघ परिसीमन आदेश, २००८ नुसार केलेल्या मतदारसंघांच्या रचनेनुसार अमरावती मतदारसंघात अमरावती महानगरपालिकेच्या, वॉर्ड क्र. १ ते ५, १९ ते ३१, ४१ ते ५६ आणि ६२ ते ७१ यांचा समावेश होतो. अमरावती हा विधानसभा मतदारसंघ अमरावती लोकसभा मतदारसंघात मोडतो.
भारतीय राष्ट्रीय काँग्रेस पक्षाचे सुलभा संजय खोडके हे अमरावती विधानसभा मतदारसंघाचे विद्यमान आमदार आहेत.
अमरावती विधानसभा मतदारसंघात खालील परिसरांचा समावेश होतो :
Outline of Rajasthan

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Rajasthan:
Rajasthan largest state of the Republic of India by area, is located in the northwest of India. It comprises most of the area of the large, inhospitable Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, which parallels the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with Pakistan to the west. Rajasthan is also bordered by Gujarat to the southwest, Madhya Pradesh to the southeast, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to the northeast and Punjab to the north. Rajasthan covers 10.4% of India, an area of 342,239 square kilometres (132,139 sq mi).
Rajasthan is situated within the following regions:
There are mainly Four Regions of rajasthan.
Administrative divisions of Rajasthan
Districts of Rajasthan
Municipalities of Rajasthan
Demographics of Rajasthan
Government of Rajasthan
Law of Rajasthan
History of Rajasthan
Gorwar region
Sarwar kingdom
Culture of Rajasthan
Symbols of Rajasthan
Economy of Rajasthan
Education in Rajasthan
Wikimedia Atlas of Rajasthan
Vijay Kedia

Vijay Kishanlal Kedia is an Indian investor born in Kolkata.
He realized his passion for the stock market when he was 14 and started trading at 19, without success. After few years he left his hometown Kolkata and came to Mumbai to try his luck. In 2004 and 2005 he identified and invested in three such shares (Atul auto, Aegis logistics, Cera sanitaryware) which appreciated more than 100 times in next 10 to 12 years. In early 2012, he correctly predicted that India was at the beginning of a structural bull run. In 2016, Kedia was featured at #13 in Business World list of Successful Investors In India. In 2017, "MoneyLife Advisory" launched an "Ask Vijay Kedia" microsite, and Kedia's portfolio stocks rose up to 170%. In 2018, he was invited to speak at London Business School. In November of the same year, he was invited to speak at TEDx.
Kedia strictly adheres to SMILE as a principle in investing; which translates into Small in size, Medium in experience, Large in aspiration and Extra-large in market potential. On his investment strategy, Kedia said: "One should scout for companies which have good management... Find a very good management, a very honest management and see the product in which the management is going to grow, going to outperform its peers and the economy... invest in those companies for the next 10–15 years, and you cannot go wrong." Bet big and ride through tough times is his advice While luck plays a big part in stock market investments, knowledge, courage and patience are the cornerstones according to him. He has been 100 percent invested for the past 30 years of his investing career. Currently he is almost holding stocks with almost 15 stocks with a net worth of over Rs. 1,467.6 Cr
Pawan Kedia

Pawan Kumar Kedia is an Indian politician and a member of 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh of India. He represents the Hata (Assembly constituency) in Kushinagar district of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Bhartiya Janata Party.
Kedia was born on 1 December 1965 in Hata, Kushinagar district of Uttar Pradesh to his father Sitaram Kedia. He married Amita Kedia in 1991, they have a son. He belongs to Vaishya community. He got M.Com. degree from Gorakhpur University in 1990.
Kedia started his political journey as Head of Department (HOD) of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Vishva Hindu Parishad from 1994 to 2010. In 16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (2012) elections, he contested from Hata (Assembly constituency) as an Independent politician. Still, he lost to SP's Radheshyam Singh and stood in sixth with 8,914 (4.81%) votes.
In 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (2017) elections, he got a ticket by Bharatiya Janata Party from Hata. He was elected MLA by defeating Samajwadi Party candidate Radheshyam Singh by a margin of 53,076 votes.
Khara dupatta

Khada dupatta (upright stole) is the traditional wedding dress of hyderabadi Muslim brides in the Indian subcontinent. It is an elaborate wedding ensemble comprising a kurta (tunic), chooridaar (extra-long slim pants that gather at the ankles), and a 6-yard dupatta (stole or veil).
Early in the 17th century, Turkish and Persian craftsmen were invited to India by Mughal Empress Noor Jehan to craft a noble dress, that became particular only for family members of Mughal noble ladies. The art of dupatta crafting remains particular to Mughal descendants. Later, when Mughal governor Nizam-ul-Mulk declared his autonomy over Hyderabad Deccan Suba, the begums of Nizam's family modified the creative style of Mughals to form Khara Dupatta. Which was later practiced by general residents of Hyderabad. The montage gallery at Chowmahalla Palace exhibits the lifestyle royal dresses of Nizams Begums which includes Kara Dupatta.
Sometimes the kurta is worn with a long, lightweight sleeveless overcoat or a shorter koti, a bolero-like waistcoat. The brides wear a matching ghoonghat (veil) over the head.
The dupatta is usually made of net material and embroidered with zardozi work. The border of the dupatta has masala or a ribbon border with embroidered golden motifs.
The usual accompanying jewellery is:
The dupatta is draped with the very top part of the middle of the dupatta tucked into the back of the chooridaar. The dupatta is folded accordion pleats at both ends, which are held in place on the left shoulder with a brooch. The free ends of the dupatta are worn under the right shoulder and over the inside of the right elbow.
On dating the khada dupatta-The Hindu
Lal Dupatta Malmal Ka

Lal Dupatta Malmal Ka is a 1988 Hindi direct-to-video film. It starred Sahil Chaddha and Veverly in . A sequel titled Phir Lehraya Lal Dupatta Malmal Ka was made later that year with Sahil and Veverly reprising their roles.
Songs were sung by Anuradha Paudwal, Kumar Sanu, Mohammed Aziz, Suresh Wadkar, Pankaj Udhas, and Udit Narayan also lent voice to one song. Majrooh Sultanpuri was the lyricist.
Kedia

Kedia is a village in Central District of Botswana. It is located 15 km south-west of a larger village, Mopipi, and it has a primary school. The population was 793 in 2001 census. As of 2022, the Statistics Botswana recorded then population of Kedia village to be at 1,560 people.
21°22′20″S 24°41′33″E﻿ / ﻿21.37222°S 24.69250°E﻿ / -21.37222; 24.69250
Банхар булжуухай

Банхар булжуухай, Coccothraustes coccothraustes, урьд Хөхөлт хөх болжмор гэж байсан, нь Fringillidae буюу Бужиргынхан овгийн шувуу юм. Энэхүү шувуу нь Европ болон Азийн сэрүүн бүсэд амьдарна. Европт амьдрах хэсэг нь суурин боловч Азид амьдардаг нь өвлийн улиралд өмнө зүгт нүүдэллэдэг. Хааяа ховор тохиолдолд Аляскийн баруун арлуудад таарах аж. Навчит болон холимог модот газар, цэцэрлэг зэргээр нутаглан бут, модонд үүрээ засаж 2-7 өндөг гаргадаг. Тэдний гол хоол тэжээл нь ургамал, жимсний үр, ялангуяа интоор юм. Банхар булжуухай үржлийн улирлаас бусад үед олноор сүрэглэхгүй бөгөөд голдуу хосоор эсвэл цөөн тоогоор амьдарна.
Тэд 16.5-18 см урт биетэй, банхардуу толгой, нисэх үед нь харагдах богино сүүлтэй. Толгой нь улбар шаравтар бор, нүдний орчим хар судалтай, бахим хүчирхэг хошуу нь зун хар, өвөл цайвар өнгөтэй болдог байна. Ар нуруу хэсэг нь хар бордуу, өвөр хэсэг нь улбар шар юм. Эрэгчин, эмэгчин гадаад төрхөөр төстэй.
12 жилийн үлгэр

12 жилийн үлгэр нь Монгол цаг тооллын үечлэлийн тухай басхүү тэмээний тухай шинжийг харуулсан үлгэр юм.
Урьд эрт цагт , цаг дөнгөж эхэлж байхад өвөг дээдэс маань монгол тооллыг арван хоёр жилд ангилан адгуусан амьтны нэршилээр нэрлэх болж гэнэ.Тэгээд сүүлийн арван нэгэн амьтны нэрийг оноож чадсан боловч 12 жилийн хамгийн эхний жилд ямар амьтны нэр өгөх вэ гэтэл тэмээ, хулгана хоёр нэрээ оруулахаар булаацалдан тэмцэлдэж гэнэ .
Өвөг дээдэс маань учирыг эс олсон тул тэдэнд “Өөрсдөө шийдэх” боломжийг гаргаж өгч гэнэ. Тэр хоёр удаах өдрийн өглөөний мандах нарны улаан туяаг хэн түрүүлж үзсэн нь 12 жилийн эхэнд ногдохоор болж, мэлзээ тогтоож гэнэ.
Тэмээ нар ургах зүүн зүг харж нар мандахыг хүлээж зогсов. Хулгана харин тэмээний бөхөн дээр гарахыг гуйхад толгой минь бөхөөсөө өндөр билээ хэмээн бардамнан бөхөн дээрээ гарахыг зөвшөөрөв. Тийн хулгана баруун зүг харан цаг ямагт уулын оройг ширтэж байв.
Цаг урсаж нар мандах мөч болоход, ургах нарны анхны туяа баруун уулын оройд туссанд хулгана нарны туяаг түрүүлж үзлээ хэмээн хашхирчээ. Тэмээ мэлзээгээ алдсандаа уурсан хулганыг дэвсэж алах гэж оролдон дорвитой хөдөлтөл, хулгана овоолсон үнсэн доогуур гүйн орж амь хоргодож гэнэ.
Тэр цагаас хойш тэмээ үнс асгасан газар харах бүрдээ өстөн дайсан болсон хулганыг бяц дарах санаатай үнсийг дэвсэлж хөрвөөдөг болсон юмсанжээ. Ийнхүү хулгана арван хоёр жилийн эхэнд орж, тэмээ хасагдсан учир ийн ажээ.
Гэвч тэмээ арван хоёр жилд багтаагүй боловч арван хоёр жилд багтсан бүх амьтны шинжийг цөмийг биедээ агуулсан байдаг ажээ. Уг шинж нь:
1. Хулгана чихтэй
2. Үхэр гэдэстэй
З. Бар тавагтай
4.Туулай хамартай
5. Луу биетэй
6. Могой нүдтэй
7. Морин дэлтэй
8. Хонин ноостой
9. Мичин бөхтэй
10. Тахиа өрвөлөгтэй
11. Нохой гуятай
12. Гахай сүүлтэй
Эрдэнийн зүйлээр бөөлжөөд байдаг
Эрүү цагаан хулгана нэгэн жил
Эвэр сүүл нь тэнцүүхэн байдаг
Эзэндээ ээлтэй үхэр хоёр жил
Арын модонд алаглаад байдаг
Алаг эрээн бар гурван жил
Дэлхий дээгүүр дэгдээд байдаг
Дэлдэн чихтэй туулай дөрвөн жил
Хөх тэнгэрт хүржигнээд байдаг
Хүч ихтэй луу таван жил
Цаг үргэлж цагриглаад байдаг
Цагаан эрээн могой зургаан жил
Холын газрыг товчлоод байдаг
Хомбон туурайтай морь долоон жил
Хотгор газрыг хорголоор дүүргэдэг
Хотондоо ээлтэй хонь найман жил
Харсан/Үзсэн бүхнээ элэглээд байдаг
Илбэчин эрдэмтэй бич есөн жил
Үүрийн жингээр донгодоод байдаг
Эвэр хошуутай тахиа арван жил
Хортон дайсныг хоргоогоод байдаг
Хон хон дуутай нохой арван нэгэн жил
Хөрст газрыг сэндийлээд байдаг
Хөндлөн соёотой гахай арван хоёр жил
12 жилийн тухай үлгэр
Тэмээ яагаад 12 жилд ороогүй вэ?
Арван хоёр жил үлгэр twelve animals of zodiac
Зохиогч 2405:5700:310:7EA:B8A6:5AF7:842C:2A9A 13:08, 8 Нэгдүгээр сар 2025 (UTC)[хариулах]
Нохой зээх

Нохой зээх (Gulo gulo) нь Mustelidae овгийн бахим, булчинлаг мах идэштэн амьтан юм. Дэлхийн бөмбөрцгийн хойд хагасын ой тайга, Аляска, Канад, Скандинавын орнууд, Оросын Сибирь, Монгол, Хятадын хойд хэсгийн нутгаар тархан амьдардаг. Мөн АНУ-н Хадат ууланд цөөн тоогоор таарна.
Энэ амьтан нь богино хөлтэй, өргөн дугуйдуу толгойтой, жижиг нүд, богино дугуй чих зэрэг нь баавгайтай их төстэй юм. Таван хуруутай том саврын тавхайгаар тулан явдаг нь гүн цасанд явах хөдөлгөөнийг хөнгөвчилдөг байна. Нас бие гүйцсэн нохой зээх нь дунд зэргийн хэмжээний нохойтой тэнцэхүйц, 65-87 см урт, 17-26 см сүүлтэй, 10-25 кг жинтэй байна. Зарим тохиолдолд томхон эр нь 31 кг хүрдэг. Эр нохой зээх эмээс биеэр 10 хувь том, жингээр 30 хувь илүү байдаг. Нохой зээх нь Mustelidae овгийн хуурай газар дээрх хамгийн том төлөөлөгч болно.
Зузаан, тослог, бараан арьс нь хүйтнээс сайн хамгаалдаг. Зарим нь нүүр хэсэг нь мөнгөлөг сааралдуу өнгөтэй, мөрнөөс 2 хажуу хавирга хэсгийг даган сүүлний дээхэн талд нийлсэн цайвар судалтай.
Нохой сугас

Мөрөгийнхний овогт багтах Алтайн сугасны төрлүүдийг Монгол орны унаган загас гэнэ. Эдгээр нь манай орны баруун Монголын Увс, Хяргас, Хар ус, Хар, Дөргөн, Ачит, Толбо, Үүрэг, Тэлмэн зэрэг томоохон нууруудаас гадна Говийн хөндийн Орог, Бөөн цагаан, Таацын цагаан зэрэг нууруудад тархсан байдаг. Алтайн сугасыг давжаа, нуурын, нохой, шар гэхчилэн дөрвөн хэлбэрт ангилдаг.
Энэ нь холимог идэштэн. Гол төлөв өвчилсөн жижиг загас, ургамлаар хооллодог боловч хоол тэжээл ховордсон үед өөрийн жараахайг ч идчихдэг байна. Загас жараахайгаар хооллодог ч түүнийг махчин загасны ангилалд оруулдаггүй аж. Түүнд махчин загасны шүд байдаггүй. Харин багалзуурын залгиурын орчимд нь хоол тэжээлээ бутлах үүрэгтэй 5-6 ширхэг араа шүд байдгаараа онцлогтой. Биеийн өнгө нь цайвар ногоон боловч хажуу талаасаа мөнгөлөг цагаан эсвэл шаргал туяатай харагддаг. Бусад сугасын төрөлтэй харьцуулахад доод эрүү нь урт, толгой томтой. Биеийн хамгийн урт нь нэг метр, жин 5.2 кг хүрдэг байна. Гэхдээ биеийн уртын 30 гаруй хувийг том толгой нь эзэлдэг байна. Бие гүйцсэн сугас ганцаараа эсвэл 2-3-аараа амьдрах бөгөөд хол нүүдэл хийдэггүй аж. Нохой сугас нь өсөлт удаантай ч харьцангуй урт насалдаг. Дунджаар 20-30 жил наслах чадвартай. Судлаачдын гаргасан мэдээгээр 1983 онд 44 настай сугас баригдаж байжээ. Нохой сугас 8-9 насандаа биеийн урт нь 20-24 см болох бөгөөд энэ үед үржилд орно. Эм сугасыг атуу гэнэ. Хавар зуны улиралд элс, хайрга болон заримдаа ургамалд түрсээ хэсэг хэсгээр шахдаг бөгөөд нэг атуу дунджаар 26-34 мянган түрс гаргадаг байна. Нохой сугасны маханд 14-18 хувийн уураг, 0.9-2 хувийн өөх тос, 1-1.5 хувийн эрдэс бодис агуулагддаг. Энэ загасны ихэнх хувийг толгой эзэлдэг учраас махны гарц муутайд тооцогддог байна
Пржевальскийн нохой гүрвэл

Пржевальскийн нохой гүрвэл (Teratoscincus przewalskii).
Монгол, Хятадад тархсан.
Биеийн нийт урт 150 мм. Их биеийн урт 93 мм, сүүл нь 60 мм-ээс уртгүй, их биеийн уртыг сүүлний уртад харьцуулсан харьцаа 1,27-2,07. Толгой нь том данхардуу, жижиг мөхлөгөн хайрсаар хучигдсан. Биеийн хайрс нь том, ромб хэлбэрийн.
Бие нь цайвар бор өнгөтэй, нуруун дээрээ 5-6, сүүлэн дээрээ 5 хүрэн хөндлөн судалтай.
Chinggis Khaan National Museum

The Chinggis Khaan National Museum (Mongolian: Чингис хаан Үндэсний музей) is a museum in Chingeltei, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia about Genghis Khan.
The groundbreaking of the museum was held in 2020 at the site where the old building of the Mongolian Natural History Museum used to stand. The museum was opened in October 2022. On 29 December 2023, the museum opened its research library. On 30 January 2024, the museum was featured as one of the 20 cultural hotspots to visit in 2024 by Best of the World of National Geographic. On 13 December 2024, a laboratory to preserve and restore artifacts was inaugurated.
The museum is housed in a 9-story building. The main gate of the museum resembles a Paiza and the top part resembles a yurt. The museum also houses a research library with a collection of more than 6,000 volumes.
The museum exhibits more than 10,000 artifacts, and more than 85% of them are the original ones.
Ryenchinii Choinom

Choinom Ryenchi (/ˌtʃɔɪnɒm riˈɛntʃi/; Mongolian: Ренчиний Чойном; 10 February 1936 – 24 April 1978) was a Mongolian poet. He was born on 10 February 1936 in the Darkhan Sum of the Khentii Province and died in 1978. Choinom's poems are famous for their fearlessness and realism. Throughout his life, his poems were widely popular but never received any official recognition under communist Mongolia. Many of his love lyrics became popular songs. He was jailed under pretext of writing poems that neglect the "Socialist achievements" and his works were prohibited.
Choinom graduated from the literature department of the National University of Mongolia, and pursued a productive literary career that gave birth to several novels and to collections of poems such as "Sumtei Budaryn Chuluu". Beside Mongolian, he also wrote in Kazakh.
In 1991, Choinom was posthumously issued the Mongolian National Honor.
Tannu-Ola mountains

The Tannu-Ola mountains (Tuvan: Таңды-Уула, Tañdı-Uula, Uniform Turkic Alphabet: [Taᶇdь-Uula] Error: {{Lang}}: Non-latn text (pos 5: ь)/Latn script subtag mismatch (help), Tuvan pronunciation: [tʰaŋˈtɯ ˈuːla] – Tangdy-Uula mountains; Mongolian: Тагнын нуруу, Tağnîn nurú, Mongolian pronunciation: [tʰaɢˈniŋ nʊˈrʊː], Russian: Танну-Ола, [tɐnˈnu ɐˈla]) is a mountain range in southern Siberia, in the Tuva Republic of Russia. It extends in an east–west direction and curves along the Mongolian border. Its highest peak reaches 3,061 m (10,043 ft). The Tannu-ola mountains are mentioned in the 13th-century text The Secret History of the Mongols under the name "Tanglu mountains" (唐麓), and also in the JāmiʿAl-tawārīkh of Rashid-al-Din Hamadani (1247–1318) under the name "Toungat mountains" (تنغات). By the Qing dynasty the name has been changed to Tangnu (唐努) mountains, from which the modern name is derived. All names are probably rooted in the old Turkic word taŋ - "wonder, awe, wondrous."
The northern slopes are part of the watershed of the Yenisei River, facing the western Sayan Mountains. The eastern end touches the large watershed of the Selenge River in Mongolia. The foothills of the southern slopes cross into Mongolian territory. They form the northern limits of a large basin of steppes that extends south to the Mongolian Altay Mountains and includes the salt lake Uvs Nuur. The western end is located near the northern Altay Mountains in the Russian Altai Republic.
Chen Yucheng

Chen Yucheng (simplified Chinese: 陈玉成; traditional Chinese: 陳玉成; pinyin: Chén Yùchéng; Wade–Giles: Ch'en Yü-ch'eng), born Chen Picheng (simplified Chinese: 陈丕成; traditional Chinese: 陳丕成; pinyin: Chén Pīchéng; c. 1837 – May 1862), was a Chinese general during the Taiping Rebellion and later served as the Heroic (Ying) Prince (or Brave King) of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the later stages of the rebellion, nicknamed "Four-eyed Dog" because of two prominent moles below his eyes.
Born to a peasant family in Guangxi around 1836, Chen Yucheng joined Taiping rebel forces during the March to the Yangtze in 1851. 15 years old at the time of his enlistment, Chen quickly rose through the ranks and in 1856, in the aftermath of the Tianjing incident, an internal power struggle within the Taiping leadership, he was promoted to a general. He was awarded the E An in 1857.
After commanding a series of successful military operations west of Nanjing between 1856 and 1858, Chen was given the title of Prince Ying by the Taiping Kings in the following year. Together with fellow Taiping General Li Xiucheng, Chen defended and released the capital during the siege of Nanjing in 1860.
In February 1861, Chen Yucheng led 100,000 troops in a preparation to attack Wuhan, leading one half of a pincer movement in an offensive against Imperial forces. However, he was on the defensive and forced to withdraw. After his retreat the Xiang Army concentrated all its forces on the Siege of Anqing.
Chen was executed by Imperial Qing forces in May 1862.
Banniel Frañs

Banniel Frañs pe Banniel Bro-C'hall pe c'hoazh ar Banniel gall, pe an Triliv (gall) (galleg: Le drapeau français pe le drapeau tricolore, pe c'hoazh le pavillon français, le pavillon tricolore war vor) eo banniel ofisiel ar Republik c'hall, evel m'eo termenet e mellad 2 he bonreizh. Rannet eo gant teir bandenn a-serzh ingal o ment: glas (ouzh ar gwint), gwenn, ruz. Savet e oa bet da vare Reveulzi 1789. Lavaret e vez alies e vije bet savet gant La Fayette en ur lakaat a-gevret livioù Kêr-Bariz, ar ruz hag ar glaz, gant livioù ar rouantelezh, ar gwenn.
E 2006, a-raok dilennadeg Prezidant ar Republik c'hall, edo Ségolène Royal o c'houlenn gant pep keodedour kaout ur banniel triliv e pep ti da lakaat a-ispilh ouzh ar prenestr da zeiz Gouel ar Republik.
Banniel Martinik

Banniel Martinik, ur vro dramor stag ouzh Bro-C'hall, zo warnañ un tric'horn ruz ha div vandenn a-led, gwer ha du. Degemeret eo bet da vanniel ofisiel d'an 2 a viz C'hwevrer 2023, dre ur vot gant dilennidi Bodadenn Martinik. An triliv gall zo ofisiel er vro ivez.
Meur a vanniel zo bet implijet evit aroueziañ Martinik.
"Banniel an naeron" zo glas gant ur groaz wenn hag un naer wenn e pep karter. Bothrops lanceolatus, un naer hag a gaver en enezenn, eo a zo treset evel-se. Implijet e veze an arouez-se war lifreoù an archerien ha war lod eus savadurioù ofisiel ar vro.
Eus 1766 e vefe an arouez-se : en amzer-hont e veze implijet da bavilhon gant listri gall Martinik. Ne blij ket nemeur ar banniel-se d'an dud bremañ, rak gant al listri-se e veze kemeret perzh e kenwerzh ar sklaved. E dibenn 2018 e oa bet dilezet gant an archerien.
Ur banniel all, ruz, gwer ha du, zo bet implijet muioc'h-mui, abaoe eil hanterenn an XX kantved. Implijet e veze gant an holl luskadoù broadelour, war-bouez ar Mouvement Indépendantiste Martiniquais (MIM).
Implijet e vefe bet al livioù-se kerkent hag an emsavadegoù sklaved kentañ e 1665, e 1801 hag e 1870. Adimplijet e voent gant ar strolladoù dizalc'hour er bloavezhioù 1960 ha 1970. Talvezout a ra al liv ruz da aroueziañ ar vuhez hag ar sokialouriezh, al liv du da aroueziañ stourm ar re zu, hag al liv gwer, an douar hag ar beizanted. Bez' ez int ivez livioù hag a gaver e kalz bannieloù eus Afrika. Deuet eo ar banniel-se da vezañ arouez an darn vrasañ eus ar strolladoù dizalc'hour ha broadelour e Martinik bremañ. Implijet e vez en holl vanifestadegoù ha lakaet eo bet ouzh an tiez-kêr ivez.
E deroù an XXI kantved, melestradurezh Martinik, renet gant Alfred Marie-Jeanne eus ar MIM, en deus kinniget e vije treset ur banniel nevez da aroueziañ ar vro, e-lec'h "banniel an naeron". Met ar banniel choazet evel-se e 2019 n'eo ket bet degemeret gwall vat gant an holl dud. Choazet e oa bet dre un enklask e-touez an dud, war atiz prezidant strollegezh Martinik. Gant lez-varn ar velestradurezh e oa bet nullet ar choaz-se. A-benn ar fin ez eo banniel triliv ar vroadelourien a zo bet lakaet da arouez ofisiel Martinik gant an dilennidi e deroù 2023.
Triliv

Un triliv zo ur banniel tri liv warnañ.
War bannieloù zo emañ al livioù a-led, evel war hini an Izelvroioù. War re all emaint a-serzh, evel war hini Bro-C'hall.
Bannieloù triliv all zo ha ne vez ket graet bannieloù triliv anezho abalamour ma vez strewet al livioù en un doare disheñvel, evel war bannieloù ar Rouantelezh Unanet ha Stadoù Unanet Amerika.
E brezhoneg e vez implijet kenañ ar ger "triliv" evit envel banniel Bro-C'hall. Meur a abeg zo da se, ouzhpenn hini an tri liv gall :
Diwar an tan c'hwezhet e kalon republikaned ar mare-se er broioù amezek e voe krouet bannieloù nevez e republikoù nevez an amzer evel re ar republikoù-mañ:
Setu amañ ul listennad bannieloù triliv :
-an tri liv a-led :
-an tri liv a-serzh :
-en un doare all:
Re all zo c'hoazh.
Suis

Ur stad eus Europa eo Suis (en alamaneg Schweiz, e galleg Suisse, en italianeg Svizzera, e romañcheg Svizra) a zo ur vro eus kreiz-kornaoueg Europa gant Alamagn, Frañs, Italia, Aostria ha Liechtenstein en-dro dezhi. Gant hec'h anv latin Helvetia e vez graet ivez. Bern eo he c'hêr-benn.
Rannet eo Bro-Suis e tri zakad meur : menezeg ar Jura, Uhelgompezenn Bro-Suis hag an Alpoù suis. An uhelgompezenn eo an hini stankañ war dachenn ar boblañs hag an armerzh.
Sellout ouzh ar pennad istor Suis.
Savet e oa Kengevread Bro-Suis d'ar 1añ a viz Eost 1291. An deiz-mañ eo a zo lidet evel deiz ar vro diwar neuze. Techet eo bet Suis da chom neptu en istor, n'he deus ket ezelet d'an ABU nemet e 2002.
Gwelout ar pennad kantonioù Suis. Ur c'hevread a gantonioù eo abaoe 1848. E 26 kanton eo rannet ar vro hiziv hon deiz.
Sez meur a aozadur etrebroadel he deus : Poellgor Etrebroadel ar Groaz Ruz, eil brasañ sez Aozadur ar Broadoù Unanet goude New York, Ofis ar Broadoù Unanet e Geneva, Bank ar Paeamantoù Etrebroadel hag ar Poellgor Olimpek Etrebroadel.
Ezel eo Suis eus an Takad Schengen hag eus Kevredigezh Frankeskemm Europa, n'eo ket nag eus Unaniezh Europa nag eus Takad Armerzhel Europa avat.
Evit an "neveziñ" e oa Suis da gentañ er bed e 2012 ha 2013 hervez skol-veur Cornell (USA), Insead (Frañs) hag Aozadur bedel ar perc'hennañ spered.
Paraíba

Paraíba zo ur Stad vihan en arvor Brazil, er reter, etre Pernambuco er Su, Rio Grande do Norte en Norzh ha Ceará er C'hornaoueg, tra m'emañ ar Meurvor Atlantel er Reter dezhi. João Pessoa eo anv ar gêr-benn anezhi. Ar Stad reterañ eus Brazil ez eo-hi.
Pará (stad)

Pará a zo unan eus 26 stad Brazil. E norzh ar vro emañ, er rannvro Norte, en Amazonia. Anvet eo diwar ar stêr Pará (stêr), a zo ur vrec'h d'ar stêr-veur Amazon. Belém eo ar gêr-benn. Ur stad vras eo, an eil brasañ e Brazil war-lerc'h Amazonas, ha ken bras hag Angola pe Mali. Treuzet eo gant ar c'heheder. Enni emañ genoù ar stêr Amazon.
En-dro dezhi (adalek an norzh, a-du gant an eur) emañ stadoù brazilian Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas ha Roraima. Er gwalarn e sko ouzh broioù Guyana ha Surinam.
Ousada
Dorn Ruz Ulaidh

Dorn Ruz Ulaidh, Lámh Dhearg Ulaidh en iwerzhoneg, zo un arouez eus proviñs Ulaidh en Iwerzhon. Komzet e vez a-wechoù eus Dorn Ruz O'Neill hag eus Dorn Ruz Iwerzhon.
Dont a rafe eus mojenn mab an doue-heol Labraid Lámh Dhearg a zo kaoz anezhañ e meur a vojenn iwerzhonek.
E doareoù zo eus ar skeudenn e weler ar meud dispeg diouzh ar biz-yod.
Lábaro

Al lábaro (spagnoleg), lábaru e kantabrieg, zo un arouez modern e Kantabria, e Spagn.
Savet eo diwar un arouez kozh, anvet cantabrum e latin, a oa gant ar bobl Cantabri e ledenez Iberia a-raok an aloubidigezh roman.
Gant emsav broadel Kantabria e vez implijet ur banniel mouk gant ul "lábaru" melen en e greiz.
Haudenosaunee

Haudenosaunee a zo anv ur c'hevre meuriadoù Indianed anavezet ivez gant an anv gallek Iroquois (stumm a vez graet gantañ ivez e saozneg) pe Irokezed e brezhoneg, an anv diwezhañ-mañ a zeu eus an algonkineg (bez' e oa an Algonkined enebourien d’an Haudenosaunee hag a-du gant ar Frañsizien). Ar ger Haudenosaunee a dalvez Pobl a sav un ti hir. Hiziv an deiz e vezont kavet a bep tu d'an harzoù a zisparti Kanada diouzh ar Stadoù-Unanet, e proviñsoù Ontario, Kebek, hag e Stad New York.
War-dro 75,000 a dud a zo er pobladoù-se, 45,000 e Kanada ha 30,000 er Stadoù-Unanet.
N'eus nemet 5% eus an Haudenosaunee a-gement a oufe o yezh, eus rummad an irokezeg.
Poblad Poblañs anv ar yezh yezher=dregantad
Ur seizhvet yezh irokezek a zo:
Banniel modern an Haudenosaunee a zispak arouez kozh unaniezh ar pemp meuriad kentañ: Gouriz Hiawatha hag a sav da gen kozh ha 400 vloaz (savet e oa bet ar c'hevre e 1570).
Bloody Lane

Bloody Lane a oa anv linenn difenn bennañ ar jeneral Lee e-pad emgann Antietam.
D'ar 17 a viz Gwengolo 1862, ar Major jeneral Daniel Harvey Hill eus lu Stadoù Kengevreet Amerika a stalias e divizion a 2600 soudard ledet war hent Sunken Road hag a grogas gant emzifenn al lec'h.
Gortoz a refont lu an Norzh, ar Major jeneral William H. French hag e 3de divizion 5500 soudard en holl a erruas dres e-tal hini ar major jeneral Daniel Harvey Hill.
Ar major jeneral Israel B. Richardson hag e 1st Division, II korfad, eus lu ar Potomac a erruas evit bountañ kreñvoc'h war divizion ar Major jeneral Daniel Harvey Hill. Ar rejimant 69th of New York infantry pe Irish Brigade a erruas war an dachenn gant ar banniel emerald uhel en avel. Gant ar youc'h-brezel "Fah-ah-bah-lah" (Iwerzhoneg: "Faugh-a-Balaugh"; Brezhoneg: "Grit plas!"). Tagañ a refont lec'h difenn lu ar Su, ur wech tennet o holl bolodoù e voent rediet da bakañ re ar re marvet pe gloazet. Ur wech tennet an holl bolodoù e voent rediet da vont war gil. 60% eus ar rejimant a oa bet lazhet.
Ar stourm a badas 4 eurvezh etre 9eur30 hag 1eur30 goude merenn. An daou du a stourmas taer feuls, a-benn ar fin lu ar Su a zo beuzet gant an niver a enebourien.
5500 soudard a chomas war an dachenn. Memes ma voe toullet lec'h difenn Stadoù Kengevreet Amerika, lu an Unaniezh ne brofitas ket evit bountañ kreñvoc'h en toull en talbenn. Tu ebet ne oa bet trec'h.
A-benn ar fin al lec'h hent Sunken Road a oa deuet da vezañ ar Bloody Lane.
Kumun Pariz

Kumun Pariz a zo ur gumun ganet diwar un emsavadeg poblek e Pariz ganet diwar brezel 1870-1871 etre Bro-C'hall ha Prusia. Padout a reas ar gumun eus an 18 a viz Meurzh 1871 d'an 28 a viz Mae 1871, pa nac'has annezidi 'zo eus Pariz anavezout ar Vodadeg Vroadel dilennet diwar mouezhioù ar sitoaianed c'hall a veve e lec'hioù nann-aloubet gant Prusia.
Enebet e oa perzhidi ar gumun ouzh aloubadeg Bro-C'hall gant ar Brusianed eus un tu, hag ouzh gouarnamant mirour Adolphe Thiers dilec'hiet e Versailhez eus an tu all. An emsavoù micherourien o deus bet ul levezon vras Gumun Pariz, a oa ar banniel ruz hec'h arouez. Hervez an istimadurioù e varvas etre 5.000 ha 15.000 perzhiad eus ar gumun da vare ar Sizhunvezh Wadek (21-28 a viz Mae 1871) pa voent lazhet en emgannoù a-enep d'an arme pe fuzuilhet ganti.
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XIXvet kantved

Kregiñ a ra an XIXvet kantved d'ar 1añ Genver 1801 hag echuiñ a ra d'an 31 Kerzu 1900.
Lavaret a c’haller ez eo an XIX kantved kantved Europa.
Evit Afrika ez eo an XIX kantved, kantved an trevadennerezh gant Europiz, kantved ar sujañ hag hini distruj an danframmoù douarbolitikel kozh. Treboulet-mik e vo ar c’hevandir-mañ gant Europa.
Evel evit Afrika, ez eo an XIX kantved kantved an trevadennerezh gant Europiz. Ar pezh zo, en Azia, e talc’ho penn dre vras an danframmoù douarbolitikel ha ne dorrint ket. Peurliesañ e kavo gwelloc’h an drevadennerien mirout ar frammoù-se ha klask ober kevredidi anezho en ur gabestrañ anezho.
Gant dilañs ar Stadoù spagnol ha portugalat en em denn eus c’hoari etrebroadel ar Broadoù meur e vo torret unan hag unan al liammoù tric’hantvedel bet skoulmet etrezo hag o zrevadennoù amerikan. Stadoù nevez niverus a zeuio war wel war an dachenn etrebroadel a-hed an XIX kantved.
Daoust pegen labourus eo bet sevel ar vro adal 13 Stad vihan eus aod reter ar c’hevandir e teuio war wel tamm-ha-tamm ar Stadoù-Unanet er jeu etrebroadel. Merket e vo an XIX kantved amerikan gant :
War dreuzoù an XX e vo bet treuzfurmet penn-da-benn ar Stadoù-Unanet e-keñver stad ar vro e 1800. N'eo ket c’hoazh, gwir eo, ha pell alese c’hoazh, ar vro greñvañ er bed, met bez' eo dija ar vro ganti ar galloud diorren brasañ.
Dre vloavezh ganedigezh :
Roll ijinadennoù an XIX kantved
Flag of Paraguay

The current design of the flag of Paraguay (Spanish: bandera de Paraguay; Guarani: Paraguái poyvi) was first adopted in 1842. Its design, a red–white–blue triband, was inspired by the colours of the French Tricolour, believed to signify independence and liberty. The flag is unusual because it differs on its obverse and reverse sides: the obverse of the flag shows the national coat of arms, and the reverse shows the seal of the treasury. It is the only national flag worldwide that has a unique design on each side. The flag consists of the same three horizontal colours as the flag of the Netherlands, which in turn was the inspiration for the French flag. It was revised in 2013 to bring the flag towards its original design. It has a ratio of 11:20.
Prior to the current design, the country used two other designs: a similar one with no seal where the white stripe was slightly larger than the other two (1812–1826), and a different simple design featuring a blue field and a six-pointed white star in the upper-left corner (1826–1842).
Officially adopted in 1842 (following the Recomendación, i.e.: address, de la Junta gubernativa de Asunción), each side of this tricolour flag contains a horizontal tricolor of red, white and blue with the national emblem centered on the white band. The colours of the flag are believed to be inspired from the flag of France to show independence and liberty, and the coat of arms represents the independence of Paraguay.
The differences in the obverse and reverse sides comes from the period when José de Francia was in power (1814–1840). On July 15, 2013, the flag was revised. The coat of arms was simplified and the design was brought closer to its original form.
Coat of arms of Quebec

The coat of arms of Quebec (armoiries du Québec) was adopted by order-in-council of the Government of Quebec on 9 December 1939, replacing the arms assigned by royal warrant of Queen Victoria on 26 May 1868.
The shield is divided into three horizontal fields:
The shield is surmounted by the Tudor Crown and accompanied by a silver scroll bearing the province's motto, Je me souviens (French for 'I remember').
The blazon is:
Arms were first granted to the province in 1868 by Queen Victoria. They were blazoned as follows:
However, in 1939, the Quebec government adopted arms by order-in-council, replacing the two blue fleurs-de-lis on the golden field with the royal arms of France Modern in chief. Quebec is the only Canadian province to have adopted arms by its own authority.
The federal government is inconsistent in the use of the two variants: it often uses the 1939 variant, but in some cases, such as on the Centennial Flame on Parliament Hill and the badge of the Royal 22 Régiment, it uses the 1868 variant.
United States Army Institute of Heraldry

The Institute of Heraldry, officially The Institute of Heraldry, Department of the Army, is an activity of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army solely responsible for furnishing heraldic services to the President of the United States and all federal government agencies. Title 18 of the United States Code, Chapter 33, Section 704 and Title 32 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 507 permit the institute to issue directives on how military insignia are displayed, the criteria for issuance, and how insignia will be worn on military uniforms.
The activities of The Institute of Heraldry encompass research, design, development, standardization, quality control, and other services relating to official symbolic items—seals, decorations, medals, insignia, badges, flags, and other items awarded to or authorized for official wear or display by federal government personnel and agencies. Limited research and information services concerning official symbolic items are also provided to the general public. The Institute of Heraldry is located at 9325 Gunston Road, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, a military installation in the U.S. Army Military District of Washington. The institute employs 22 Department of the Army civilians.
Heraldic and other military symbols have been used by the U.S. Armed Forces and federal government agencies since the beginning of the American Revolution. However, there was no coordinated military heraldry program until 1919, when an office within the War Department General Staff was established to approve and coordinate coats of arms and insignia of army organizations. In 1924, formal staff responsibility for specific military designs was delegated to the Quartermaster General of the Army. As the needs for symbolism by the military services and the federal government expanded, the scope of the services furnished by the Quartermaster General evolved into the Heraldic Program Office. The expansion of the army during World War II, and the subsequent increased interest in symbolism, contributed to the growth of the Heraldic Program Office. It was further expanded by Pub. L. 85–263, approved September 1957, 71 Stat. 89, which delineated the authority of the Secretary of the Army to furnish heraldic services to military departments and other branches of the federal government.
Department of the Army General Order No. 29, dated 10 August 1960, placed The Institute of Heraldry under the control of the Quartermaster General of the Army, effective 1 September 1960. The Adjutant General assumed responsibility of the institute in 1962, when the Office of the Quartermaster General ceased to exist because the Army reorganized. In 1987, another realignment subordinated the institute to the U.S. Total Army Personnel Command (present-day U.S. Army Human Resources Command). In April 1994, The institute moved from Cameron Station to Fort Belvoir, Virginia. In October 2004, another realignment assigned responsibility for the institute to the Office of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army, Headquarters, Department of the Army.
Bourbon-Vendôme

Bourbon-Vendôme refers to two branches of the House of Bourbon, the first of which became the senior legitimate line of the House of Bourbon in 1527, and succeeded to the throne of France in 1589 with Henry IV. He created the second house by granting the dukedom of Vendôme to one of his legitimized sons.
The first House of Bourbon-Vendôme was descended from Louis de Bourbon, Count of Vendôme (1376–1446), a cadet of the House of Bourbon-La Marche. Though a younger son, Louis received the title of Count of Vendôme through his mother. In 1514, the earldom of Vendôme was raised to a duchy-peerage in favour of Charles de Bourbon. By 1527, Charles had outlived the dukes of Alençon and of Bourbon, and he became first prince of the blood, the head of the most senior line of the dynasty after the royal family. Charles' son Antoine became King of Navarre in 1555, by marriage. Upon the extinction of all male lines of the House of Valois in 1589, Antoine's son Henry (Henry III of Navarre) became King of France as Henry IV, the first in the House of Bourbon. At that point, his other titles merged in the Crown.
The second House of Bourbon-Vendôme descended directly from the first house. It was founded by César de Bourbon (1594–1665), the legitimized son of Henry IV and his mistress, Gabrielle d'Estrées.
Born in 1594, César de Bourbon was created Duke of Vendôme by his father, the former holder, in 1598. After the creation of 1598, the title continued to be used by César de Bourbon's family for over a century.
In 1599, César de Bourbon also inherited the titles of Duke of Beaufort and Duke of Étampes upon the death of his mother. After César de Bourbon's death in 1665, he was succeeded as Duke of Vendôme by his first son Louis (1612–1669), while the title of Duke of Beaufort passed to his second son François (1616–1669).
After the death of the 4th Duke of Vendôme in 1727, the title reverted to the Crown. It was later used as a courtesy title by Louis-Stanislas, Count of Provence (the future Louis XVIII), the younger brother of Louis XVI.
Sunburst flag

The sunburst flag (Irish: An Gal Gréine) is an Irish flag associated with early Irish nationalism, and more recently, youth wings of Irish republican groups such as Na Fianna Éireann. The flag is first thought to have been used in 1858 by the Irish Republican Brotherhood. The sunburst flag is still used today, by both republican groups and the Irish language and Gaelic revival organization Conradh na Gaeilge.
The sunburst flag's design is inspired by the Fianna of Irish mythology. Described as brave warriors who performed a large number of impressive feats, the Fianna referred to themselves as either Gal Gréine or Scal Ghréine, which both mean sunburst. The earliest confirmed use of the sunburst flag is found in the 18th century as the guidon of the County Sligo Light Horse. The motto was as Post nubila Phoebus ("After the clouds Sun") symbolizing a new day.
The sunburst flag, and the symbol of the sunburst itself came into more common use by Irish nationalists during the 19th century. In 1858, the Irish Republican Brotherhood adopted the flag as their symbol. During the American Civil War, the sunburst motif was incorporated by several Irish regiments in their standards. In 1893 the Irish-language group called Conradh na Gaeilge established themselves, using the flag as the group's symbol in reference to the Fianna.
During January of 1861 a group of French Zouaves were visiting Cork and they were given a banner by the local Nationalists. On the banner was a representation of the sunburst flag between the Stars and Stripes and French tricolor.
The Communist Party of Ireland and dissident republican groups Republican Network for Unity and Saoradh have incorporated it into their emblems.
List of 20th Century Boys chapters

Written and illustrated by Naoki Urasawa, 20th Century Boys was originally serialized in Big Comic Spirits from 1999 to 2006. The 249 individual chapters were published into 22 tankōbon volumes by Shogakukan from January 29, 2000 to November 30, 2006. A sequel, titled 21st Century Boys, started in Big Comic Spirits's January 19, 2007 issue and ran until July. The 16 chapters were released into 2 volumes on May 30, 2007 and September 28, 2007. A one-shot manga titled Aozora Chu-Ihō ("Blue Sky Advisory — Kiss") was published in the February 2009 issue of Big Comic Spirits, it was credited to "Ujiko-Ujio", the pen-name of the fictional manga creator duo Kaneko and Ujiki in 20th Century Boys.
The manga was licensed for an English language release in North America by Viz Media in 2005, however their release was delayed until after their translation of Monster had finished. The first volume was released on February 17, 2009, and the last volume was released on September 18, 2012. The series was also released in Germany by Planet Manga, in France by Génération Comics, in Hong Kong by Jade Dynasty, in the Netherlands by Glénat, in Indonesia by Level Comics, in Italy by Planet Manga, in Poland by Hanami, in South Korea by Haksan Publishing, in Spain by Planeta DeAgostini, and in Taiwan by Tong Li Comics.
Aia aka

Aia aka marupuoan minuman nan barasa dari parehan daun cincau. Aia aka banbantuak sarupo raga-raga barono ijau. Minuman tradisional nan barasa dari Sumatra Barat ko dipicayo mampunyoi manfaat untuak kasihatan. Aia aka ko dapek maringanan gajala paneh dalam sarato maredaan paruik kambuang.
Caro mambueknyo daun cincau dirameh jo aia angek, alah kalua sarinyo didiaman sahinggo bantuaknyo manyarupoi raga-raga. Kudian, sari daun cincau tadi diidangan jo gulo saka jo santan. Salain itu ado pulo yang maidangannnyo aia asam untuak raso nan segar. Aia aka ko bisa dicampua jo bahan makanan lain nan dipicayo mampunyo efek kesehatan sarupo talua ayam kamupuang. Aia aka ko mudah ditamuan di garobak kaki limo, harago sagalehnyo sakitar 5000 rupiah.
Aka trachys

Aka trachys adolah spesies spons nan tagolong dalam kelas Demospongiae. Spesies ko juo marupokan bagian dari genus Aka dan famili Phloeodictyidae. Namo ilmiah spesies ko pertamo kali ditabikan pado taun 1954 dek Laubenfels.
Saroman spons pado umumnyo, spesies ko mamiliki tubuah nan bapori dan pamukaan nan kareh mode batu. Salain itu, Aka trachys dapek juo manyerap oksigen dari aia malalui proses difusi.
Aka cachacrouensis

Aka cachacrouensis adolah spesies spons nan tagolong dalam kelas Demospongiae. Spesies ko juo marupokan bagian dari genus Aka dan famili Phloeodictyidae. Namo ilmiah spesies ko pertamo kali ditabikan pado taun 1971 dek Rutzler.
Saroman spons pado umumnyo, spesies ko mamiliki tubuah nan bapori dan pamukaan nan kareh mode batu. Salain itu, Aka cachacrouensis dapek juo manyerap oksigen dari aia malalui proses difusi.
Aka siphona

Aka siphona adolah spesies spons nan tagolong dalam kelas Demospongiae. Spesies ko juo marupokan bagian dari genus Aka dan famili Phloeodictyidae. Namo ilmiah spesies ko pertamo kali ditabikan pado taun 1949 dek Laubenfels.
Saroman spons pado umumnyo, spesies ko mamiliki tubuah nan bapori dan pamukaan nan kareh mode batu. Salain itu, Aka siphona dapek juo manyerap oksigen dari aia malalui proses difusi.
Aka brevitubulata

Aka brevitubulata adolah spesies spons nan tagolong dalam kelas Demospongiae. Spesies ko juo marupokan bagian dari genus Aka dan famili Phloeodictyidae. Namo ilmiah spesies ko pertamo kali ditabikan pado taun 1973 dek Pang.
Saroman spons pado umumnyo, spesies ko mamiliki tubuah nan bapori dan pamukaan nan kareh mode batu. Salain itu, Aka brevitubulata dapek juo manyerap oksigen dari aia malalui proses difusi.
Minuman

Minuman adolah cairan nan ditujukan untuak konsumsi manusia. Salain baguno sabagai pamueh dahago, minuman sangaik baguno dalam budaya manusia. Jinih minuman nan umum tamasuak aia minum biaso, susu, jus, smoothie, dan minuman ringan. Minuman angek tradisional sarupo kopi, teh, jo coklat angek. Minuman bakafein nan manganduang kafein stimulan mampunyoi sijarah nan panjang dalam paradaban manusia.
Salain itu, minum baalkohol sarupo anggur, tuak, bir, jo minuman kareh lainnyo, manganduang etanol, alah manjadi bagian pulo dalam budaya manusia salamo labiah dari 8.000 taun. Minuman non-alkohol acok manandokan minuman nan biasonyo baalkohol, tapi dibuek jo konsentrasi alkohol nan cukuik randah manuruik volume. Kategori iko tamasuak minuman nan alah maalami proses pailangan alkohol, cando bir non-alkohol jo anggur indak baalkohol.