davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
UNO

Uno（/ˈuːnoʊ/；也写作UNO，義大利文及西班牙文涵義為「一」），中国大陆译为优诺牌，是一種紙牌遊戲，由梅爾·羅賓斯在1971年發明，現時由遊戲公司美泰兒生產，由美泰公司自1992年正式发售。当只剩兩张牌时，在打出倒数第二张牌时必須喊出“Uno”，遊戲因而得名。Uno卡牌大小為56×89毫米（即2.2×3.5英吋）。
UNO曾出過一些版本，如“DOM”、“Wild4UNO”、“UNO Flip”及“DOS”，其中以“DOS”版本的玩法改變最大。
每副遊戲牌共有108張卡牌（新版112張卡牌，比舊版多4張0號牌），遊戲牌分四種顏色：紅色、綠色、藍色及黃色，每種顏色各有25張牌（合共100張），其中19張為數字牌（0牌有一張，1-9有兩張），其餘6張（24張）為功能牌："skip"（禁）、"draw two"（罰牌2張）及"reverse"（反轉出牌方向），每種各2張。另有黑色特別牌8張："wild"（調色）及"wild draw four"（調色及罰牌4張），每種各4張。
遊戲開始前，玩者各抽一張牌，數字最大的為莊家。莊家向每人輪流派牌7張(有些人玩5張），然後從牌疊中取出首張牌，卡面向上；若是"wild draw four"須收回領牌處的底部並再取第二張。
莊家左邊玩家（若是"reverse"則為莊家自己）根據此牌發牌，並依順時針方向（若是"reverse"則為逆時針方向，但原先的上家出同樣的牌則回復為順時針方向）換下位玩家發牌，遊戲正式開始。
玩者發出的牌，須與上個玩家發出的牌之顏色或數字相同，但黑色特別牌則無此限制，可任意發出。玩家若無牌可發或不想发出，就須從牌疊上取一張牌，若這張牌不可以出，则换下家继续出牌；若這張可以出，他可以選擇出或不出這張牌，但如果選擇出牌的話，玩者只能將剛從牌疊上取到的一張牌打出。
當玩家打出Draw Two時下家必須抽兩張牌並跳牌，Wild Draw Four也一樣。（但有些版本為如玩家打出Draw Two而下家也有Draw Two，下家可照出，而再下一位玩家則需要抽四張牌並跳牌（但有可繼續出），但Wild Draw Four維持不變）
當玩者手上只剩下兩張牌時，打出倒数第二张牌时必須喊出UNO。若玩者沒有喊出UNO且被其他玩家揭發，需要抽兩張牌。
最快發完手上紙牌者勝出該局，其他玩家則按卡牌計分。最後的牌不可以使用功能牌（詳見計分部分）
A玩家打出Skip牌，B玩家暫停一次，A玩家可以接著打出下一張牌。
A玩家打出Reverse牌時，該牌的功能相當於Skip牌（倒轉方向後就是自己），也就是該A玩家可以繼續打出下一張牌。（可打出全部Skip牌及Reverse牌後才輪到B玩家，但這種情況有輕微對對方不公平，所以較少人會只有兩名玩家對打）
A玩家打出Draw two或Wild Draw four牌時，B玩家便要依規則抽取2張或4張牌，然後出牌權輪回原來的A玩家。（A玩家出Wild Draw four後B玩家可挑戰A玩家，如挑戰成功（即A玩家仍有同樣的牌可出）則A玩家需摸回6張牌，出牌權輪回B玩家），每次只能出一張牌
原版UNO发行时，只有紙牌版而沒有電腦版，其后在2011年，Windows版UNO免費遊戲DUO面世，其使用人数在2012~2013年达到高峰。DUO與UNO的最大区别是DUO不需要在只剩一張時大叫"uno"或"duo"，所以玩家需時刻留意有沒有對手只剩一至兩張牌。
由于自2014年起，蘋果公司的App Store中陆续上架iPad和iPhone版本的UNO網上應用程式，其遊戲方式與UNO紙牌版完全相同，因此目前DUO的使用人数已有所下降。
Wild4UNO在2016年3月11日率先展出，同年3月15日正式面世，是UNO加強版（尚未正式命名為Wild4UNO前的稱呼）遊戲，供7歲或以上人士玩（因避免6歲或以下人士使用一些壞行動如「即時輸」、「除衫」等，故不建議5至6歲人士玩此版本），其玩法基本上與UNO一樣，但增加了4張黑色特別牌（因此卡牌總數增加至112張），并且只剩一張牌時照樣大叫"uno"而不是"wild4uno"。
在增加的4張黑色特別牌中，除了1张交換牌（可與對方交換相同數量的牌）之外，还有3張空白牌；玩家使用空白牌自行決定任何行動，可選擇不與遊戲有關的事物，如「扮動物」、「擺POST」等，但不建議如「即時輸」等的針對對方的行動。
DOS於2018年2月15日由UNO率先展出，同年3月4日正式面世，供7歲或以上人士玩（原版UNO是5歲或以上人士玩，但因難度增加而不建議5至6歲人士玩）。DOS的卡牌和玩法与UNO相比均有明显改變，以加快遊戲結束，減少玩家因時間拖延而出现煩躁的现象。
卡牌：共有108張牌，其中每種顏色各24張（1、3、4、5 各三張，6、7、8、9、10各兩張，新增＃牌各兩張），以及新增十二張多顏色2。
玩法：UNO的部分玩法，如傳統數字出牌方式（跟著牌上的顏色或數字出一張牌）及摸牌（沒辦法出或不想出則摸一張）、摸到的牌是可以出便可即時出牌（也可選擇不出）、遊戲開始前的洗牌及發牌（每人發5張）、只剩兩張牌時而其中一張可以出時（出完只剩一張）大叫遊戲名稱一次（不過在DOS中是叫"dos"，而不是叫"uno"）在DOS中維持不變。DOS改變及增加的一些新玩法包括：
另外DOS还增加一種玩法，就是如果有多於兩位玩家一起玩時其中一位玩家勝出後其他玩家可繼續玩，但跳過已勝出的玩家，繼續分出剩余名次（原版UNO是其中一位玩家勝出後遊戲便結束，其他玩家按照牌上的數量分出名次，可能有兩名或三名玩家共享同一名次）。當然新版DOS也可選擇不改變原有規則，其中一位玩家勝出後即告遊戲結束。
DOS，UNO PARTY!，UNO REMIX!，UNO FLIP!，UNO ALL WILD!，UNO SHOW'EM NO MERCY，UNO FLEX!，UNO TEAM!。
平方

代数中，一个数的平方是此数与它的本身相乘所得的乘积，一个元素的平方是此元素与它的本身相乘所得的乘积，记作x。平方也可視為求指數为2的幂的值。若x是正实数，这个乘积相当于一个边长为x的正方形的面积；如果x为虚数，则这个乘积为负数。如果x为非虛數的复数，则这个乘积也是复数。
如果实数y = x，就说y是x的平方；如果同時x是非负数，那么x就是y的平方根。如果一个整数 n {\displaystyle n} 是某个整数的平方，则称 n {\displaystyle n} 为一个完全平方数或平方数。有理数的平方一定是有理数，无理数的平方可以是有理数，也可以是无理数。
平方和通常指一些正整数的平方之和，整数的个数可以是有限个，也可以是无限多。 正整数的平方和公式如下：
1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + 4 2 + 5 2 + 6 2 + . . . + n 2 = n ( n + 1 ) ( 2 n + 1 ) 6 {\displaystyle 1^{2}+2^{2}+3^{2}+4^{2}+5^{2}+6^{2}+...+n^{2}={\frac {n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}}}
用数学归纳法证明如下：
也可以用组合数公式来推导这个公式。
平方和也可以指： a 2 + b 2 = ( a + b i ) ( a − b i ) {\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}=(a+bi)(a-bi)}
魷魚遊戲2

《魷魚遊戲2》（朝鮮語：오징어 게임2，英語：Squid Game 2），是韓國原創劇集，在Netflix全世界收視第一名，帶動各國人前往韓國旅遊的熱潮。本劇由《魷魚遊戲》第一季的黃東赫導演繼續執導和編劇，主演陣容延續第一季的李政宰、李炳憲和魏化儁，並加入任時完、姜河那、朴圭瑛、朴成焄、梁東根和曹柔理等演員。於2024年12月26日播出。
《魷魚遊戲2》在Netflix全球熱門影集榜單排名第一，展現出作為全球頂級現象級作品的影響力，延续了第一季的成功。
2022年6月13日，《魷魚遊戲》的黃東赫導演正式確定製作第二季，同時透露主演李政宰將回歸，並在接受外媒採訪時表示目標是在2024年萬聖節推出。9月15日，有消息指出第二季將於2024年年底推出，遊戲已經設計完成，而第二季的舞台繼續設定在韓國。10月12日，製片商Siren Pictures宣布製作成本高達約1000億韓圓。
2023年2月25日，黃東赫宣布目前正在選角中，預計將於同年7月開拍。5月16日，據報導第二季將與第三季同時製作，共13集。6月16日，據報導《魷魚遊戲2》的全體演員將於23日進行劇本研讀。6月18日，Netflix公布演員名單，除了李政宰外，李炳憲、魏化儁也確認回歸，並宣布任時完、姜河那、朴成焄以及梁東根參與演出，而曾於第一季客串的孔劉也將特別出演。6月19日，盧載沅加入演出陣容。6月23日，據多家媒體透露，朴圭瑛和曹柔理加入演出陣容，而朴圭瑛擔演女主角。同日，曹柔理的經紀公司Wake One否認出演，並從「很難確認」改為「沒有聽說過」。6月26日，有報導指金詩恩（朝鲜语：김시은 (1999년)）參演。6月29日，Netflix公布第二波演員名單，朴圭瑛和曹柔理確認出演，姜愛心（朝鲜语：강애심）、李大衛、李陣郁、崔勝鉉和元志安加入演出陣容。
2024年9月，Netflix在Netflix Geeked Week期间发布了本季的海报和预告片。
節目播出前，Netflix在韓國首爾、法國巴黎、泰國曼谷、台灣高雄和台北等都市同步舉行魷魚遊戲宣傳活動。
韓國Netflix指定高雄和台北作為「魷魚遊戲2」在台灣的主要宣傳據點，與高雄市政府合作，於2024年12月21日起至2025年1月5日推出「1.2.3. 高雄人」活動。於愛河灣的高雄流行音樂中心珊瑚礁群前打造高達13公尺、全世界最大的海上的英熙娃娃，以及全球獨家的無人機燈光大秀。高雄輕軌也開出相關的主題列車，部分車站亦有相關宣傳。
曼谷宣傳方面，有頭部可360度旋轉、雙眼會發射紅光掃射的巨型英熙娃娃，站在大船上來回昭披耶河，並駛經曼谷地標鄭王廟前，過橋時英熙娃娃亦會配合向後躺。
2024年12月19日，一场与魷魚遊戲第二季相关的狂欢派对在伦敦举行。
2025年2月美俄利雅得峰会

2025年2月18日，由马尔科·卢比奥率领的3名美国代表和由谢尔盖·拉夫罗夫率领的2名俄罗斯代表在沙特阿拉伯利雅得会面，讨论改善俄美关系以及结束乌克兰战争的计划。尽管此次会议主要讨论乌克兰问题，但没有乌克兰或欧洲代表团受邀参加峰会。美国总统唐纳德·特朗普驳斥了乌克兰对乌克兰未受邀参加峰会的担忧，并明显暗示乌克兰应为战争负责。利雅得峰会是自2022年2月俄罗斯入侵乌克兰以来美国和俄罗斯之间最广泛的外交会面。
此次峰会是在唐纳德·特朗普于2025年2月12日与俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京通话后不到一周举行的（亦是卢比奥上任以来第二次访问沙特阿拉伯），通话内容广泛，特朗普和普京同意开始谈判以结束乌克兰战争。峰会前一天，多位欧洲领导人在巴黎会面，讨论乌克兰战争问题。峰会召开时，俄罗斯军队已在乌克兰东南部缓慢取得进展，但乌克兰军队仍占领着俄罗斯苏贾周围的部分地区。特朗普此前曾承诺在24小时内结束乌克兰战争，但后来他收回了这一承诺，称其政府的新目标是在上任后100天内结束战争。此次峰会是在2025年慕尼黑安全会议结束仅两天后举行的，美国副总统JD·万斯在会上发表了几项关于欧洲的有争议的言论，批评德国主流政党对德国极右翼政党设置防火墙，并淡化俄罗斯对欧洲的威胁。
2025年2月16日，美国国务卿马尔科·卢比奥表示，乌克兰和欧洲将成为未来结束战争的任何“真正谈判”的一部分。特朗普总统同一天表示，乌克兰总统泽连斯基“将参与”和平谈判。
此次通话和峰会代表着美国对俄外交政策的重大转变，特朗普批评了乌克兰在战争中的和平谈判，称“我对乌克兰非常失望”，“你们（乌克兰）已经在那里三年了。你们应该在三年前就结束它——你们就不应该开始它（俄罗斯-乌克兰战争）。你们可以达成协议”。特朗普后来说，俄罗斯确实入侵了乌克兰，但美国不应该让俄罗斯进攻。峰会在沙特阿拉伯利雅得的迪里耶宫举行。美国国务卿马尔科·卢比奥和俄罗斯外交部长谢尔盖·拉夫罗夫分别率领美国和俄罗斯代表团出席。在美国方面，马尔科·卢比奥、史蒂文·威特科夫和迈克·沃尔兹代表美国出席峰会，而谢尔盖·拉夫罗夫和尤里·乌沙诺夫代表俄罗斯出席。此前一天，多位欧洲官员在巴黎举行会议，讨论乌克兰战事以及美国近期外交政策的转变，包括提议向乌克兰派遣维和部队。不过，拉夫罗夫在峰会上拒绝了北约在乌克兰部署任何维和部队的提议，称“北约扩张、乌克兰被北大西洋公约组织的吸纳是对俄罗斯联邦利益的直接威胁”。俄美还同意恢复对方使馆的人员配备。
此次峰会亦为普京和特朗普未来会晤奠定基础，克里姆林宫发言人德米特里·佩斯科夫表示，会晤可能在2月底之前举行，但最终未能如愿。马尔科·卢比奥表示，特朗普和普京之间的潜在会晤“在很大程度上取决于我们能否在结束乌克兰战争方面取得进展”。
弱美男英雄Class 2

《弱美男英雄Class 2》（韓語：약한영웅 Class 2）是Netflix於2025年4月25日上线公开的原创韩国剧集，改编自NAVER同名漫画，亦是2022年wavve原创剧集《弱美男英雄Class 1》的续集，前作的制作团队在该剧中延续合作，《D.P：逃兵追緝令》系列的导演韩俊熙（朝鲜语：한준희 (영화 감독)）担任企划和制作总管，刘秀民继续担任编剧和导演，《犯罪都市4》导演许明行任动作指导。
该剧讲述为了朋友而对抗暴力，但最终没能守护朋友而留下心理创伤的模范生延时恩转学到银章高中后，因为不能再失去朋友而选择与更强大的暴力对抗时发生的凄惨的生存记和灿烂的成长故事。
Tan Zhongyi

Tan Zhongyi (Chinese: 谭中怡; born 29 May 1991) is a Chinese chess player who holds the title of grandmaster (GM). She is a former Women's World Champion, winning the 2017 knockout edition of the world championship in Iran where she defeated Anna Muzychuk in the final. Tan is also a former Women's World Rapid Champion. She is the three-time reigning Chinese women's national champion, and is a five-time national champion overall with titles in 2015, 2020, 2021, and 2022.
She won the Women's Candidates Tournament 2024, allowing her to compete against Ju Wenjun in the Women's World Chess Championship 2025.
Tan was born in Chongqing. In 1997, she started learning to play chess. She won the World Youth U10 Girls Chess Championship twice, in 2000 and 2001, both held in Oropesa del Mar. In 2002, she won the World Youth U12 Girls Chess Championship in Heraklion.
In August–September 2008 at the Women's World Chess Championship she was knocked out in the second round by Pia Cramling by ½-1½.
In 2011, she won the women's chess tournament at the 2011 Summer Universiade in Shenzhen, contributing to China's team gold medal. Tan won the Women's World University Chess Championship of 2012 in Guimarães. In 2013, she won the 3rd China Women Masters Tournament in Wuxi with a score of 6.5/9 points, 1.5 ahead of runners-up Valentina Gunina and Huang Qian. In 2014 Tan won the Asian Women's Blitz Championship in Sharjah.
In May 2015 she won the Chinese Women's Chess Championship in Xinghua. The following month, Tan won the 5th China Women Masters Tournament with 7/9, a full point ahead of second-placed Lei Tingjie. In August 2015, she won the Asian Women's Rapid Championship in Al Ain. On December 1, 2015, Tan Zhongyi won the 1st China Chess Queen Match, a knockout tournament held in Taizhou, Zhejiang, after defeating Ju Wenjun in the final in an armageddon game.
She won the women's gold medal for board 4 at the 42nd Chess Olympiad in 2016.
She reached the final of the Women's World Chess Championship 2017 against GM Anna Muzychuk. They finished the classical games 2-2 with one win each, sending the match to a rapid tie-break. Tan won the two-game tie-break by drawing the first game with Black and then winning the second game with White, and thus became Women's World Champion. This also earned her the title of Grandmaster.
She lost the Women's World Champion title to Ju Wenjun at the Women's World Chess Championship Match 2018.
In 2020, she won the women's top prize at the Gibraltar Masters.
In 2021, Tan achieved third place in the Women's Chess World Cup after winning against Anna Muzychuk with a score of 2.5 - 1.5.
In 2022, Tan won the Women's World Rapid Championship in Almaty, Kazakhstan, after defeating local player Dinara Saduakassova in the tiebreaker.
Tan Zhongyi plays for China Mobile Group Chongqing Company Ltd chess club in the China Chess League (CCL).
She graduated from the School of Law of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics in 2013.
Zero-player game

A zero-player game or no-player game is a simulation game that has no sentient players.
There are various different types of games that can be considered "zero-player".
A game that evolves as determined by its initial state, requiring no further input from humans is considered a zero-player game.
Cellular automaton games that are determined by initial conditions including Conway's Game of Life are examples of this.
Progress Quest is another example, in the game the player sets up an artificial character, and afterwards the game plays itself with no further input from the player. Godville is a similar game that took inspiration from Progress Quest. In the game, the player is a god that can communicate with a non-player character hero. However, the game can progress with no interaction from the player.
Incremental games, sometimes called idle games or clicker games, are games which do require some player intervention near the beginning however may be zero-player at higher levels. As an example, Cookie Clicker requires that players click cookies manually before purchasing assets to click cookies in the place of the player independently.
In computer games, the term refers to programs that use artificial intelligence rather than human players, for example some fighting and real-time strategy games can be put into zero-player mode where multiple AIs can play against each other. Humans may have a challenge in designing the AI and giving it sufficient skill to play the game well, but the actual evolution of the game has no human intervention.
Women's World Chess Championship 2025

The Women's World Chess Championship 2025 will take place in 2025 as a match between Ju Wenjun, the current champion, and Tan Zhongyi, the winner of the Women's Candidates Tournament 2024. This is the third time both players have met in a world chess championship: Tan eliminated Ju on the way to winning the Women's World Chess Championship 2017 when the championship was decided in a knockout tournament, while Ju won the Women's World Chess Championship 2018 (May), defeating Tan 5½–4½ to claim the title.
The match will take place between 1 and 23 April 2025. It will be played to a best of 12 games, with the first six games in Shanghai from 1 to 10 April, and the next six games, plus tiebreaks if required, in Chongqing from 11 to 23 April. It is split across the hometowns of the two players, following the tradition from the previous three matches.
The challenger, Tan Zhongyi, qualified by winning the Women's Candidates Tournament 2024, which was an eight-player double round-robin tournament. It took place from 3 April to 22 April 2024 in Toronto, Canada.
The eight players who competed were:
Tie-breakers for first place: (1) results in tie-break games for first place;
Tie breakers for non-first place: (1) results in tie-break games for first place, if any; (2) Sonneborn–Berger score (SB); (3) total number of wins; (4) head-to-head score among tied players; (5) drawing of lots.
Note: Numbers in the crosstable in a white background indicate the result playing the respective opponent with the white pieces (black pieces if on a black background). This does not give information which of the two games was played in the first half of the tournament, and which in the second.
Most top chess players favor Ju to win, although they also predict a tough match, with Ju only slightly favored.
Ju Wenjun drew the White pieces for the first round. She played 1. e4, and Tan responded with the Sicilian Defence. Ju went for an uncommon line with 5. Bd3 and 7. Bf4, but Tan responded well. Ju had the chance to play a more complicated position, but opted not to take too much risk, and following 18...Qg5! the game fizzled into a draw.
1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 e6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Bd3 Nc6 6.Nxc6 bxc6 7.Bf4 d5 8.Nd2 g6 9.Bg5 h6 10.Bh4 Be7 11.O-O a5 12.Qe2 O-O 13.Rad1 Nd7 14.Bxe7 Qxe7 15.c4 Ne5 16.exd5 Nxd3 17.Qxd3 cxd5 18.Qe3 Qg5 19.Qxg5 hxg5 20.cxd5 exd5 21.Rfe1 Rb8 22.b3 g4 23.Nf1 a4 24.bxa4 Rb4 25.a5 Ra4 26.Rxd5 Be6 27.Rc5 Rxa2 28.Ne3 Ra8 29.Nd5 R8xa5 30.Rxa5 Rxa5 31.Nf4 Bf5 32.h3 gxh3 33.Nxh3 Bxh3 34.gxh3 Kg7 35.Kg2 Rg5+ 36.Kf3 Rf5+ 37.Kg2 Rg5+ 38.Kf3 Rf5+ 39.Kg2 ½–½
In her first game with the White pieces, Tan played the English Opening, but achieved no more than a symbolic (albeit risk-free) advantage. Piece trades turned a tense middlegame into a quiet Rook endgame, which looked like a dead draw. However, even drawn endgames have their subtleties. Some inaccurate play by Ju left her in a progressively more difficult-to-defend position (diagram), before 40...Ke8?? on the fateful 40th move (just before the time control) led to a lost endgame. Tan showed excellent technique to convert smoothly.
Women's World Chess Championship 2023

The 2023 Women's World Chess Championship was a chess match for the Women's World Chess Championship title. It was contested by the defending champion, Ju Wenjun, and her challenger, Lei Tingjie, the winner of the 2022–23 Candidates tournament.
It was played from 5 to 24 July 2023, in the hometowns of the two participants, giving each a home-field advantage for half the match.
Ju won the match and successfully defended her title.
The second edition of the women's Candidates was played in the last quarter of 2022. In contrast to the previous edition, this was played in a knock-out format. It has been speculated that the pairings were made to prevent a Russia vs Ukraine matchup before the final.
It featured eight players, including three former Women's World champions. In the final, Lei Tingjie and Tan Zhongyi played a six-game match to determine the Challenger spot. Lei Tingjie won the match in 5 games.
The match was scheduled for 5 to 25 July 2023. As in 2018, it was played in two halves, giving each player a home advantage for half the match. The host cities were hometowns of the participants, Chongqing and Shanghai. Shanghai hosted the first half and Chongqing the second.
The format of the championship was a 12-game match as in previous years.
English-language commentators on Chess.com included Jovanka Houska, Alexandra Kosteniuk, Daniel Naroditsky and Judit Polgar. FIDE commentators were Alik Gershon and Xu Yi.
Ju's seconds were Pentala Harikrishna and Wei Yi, while Lei's seconds were Teimour Radjabov and Raymond Song.
Games start at 3 p.m. local time (07:00 UTC).
At the opening ceremony, Lei Tingjie received the white pieces for the first game of the match, with colors alternating after every game.
From 2023 to 2024, both the Open World Chess Champion (Ding Liren) and Women's World Chess Champion were from China.
Jungle (board game)

Jungle or dou shou qi (simplified Chinese: 斗兽棋; traditional Chinese: 鬥獸棋; pinyin: dòu shòu qí; lit. 'fighting animal game') is a modern Chinese board game with an obscure history. A British version known as "Jungle King" was sold in the 1960s by the John Waddington company. The game is played on a 7×9 board and is popular with children in the Far East.
Jungle is a two-player strategy game and has been cited by The Playboy Winner's Guide to Board Games as resembling the Western game Stratego. The game is also known as the jungle game, children's chess, oriental chess and animal chess.
The Jungle gameboard represents a jungle terrain with dens, traps "set" around dens, and rivers. Each player controls eight game pieces representing different animals of various rank. Stronger-ranked animals can capture ("eat") animals of weaker or equal rank. The player who is first to maneuver any one of their pieces into the opponent's den wins the game. An alternative way to win is to capture all the opponent's pieces.
The Jungle gameboard, usually made of paper, consists of seven columns and nine rows of squares (7×9 rectangle = 63 squares). Pieces move on the squares as in chess, not on the grid lines as in xiangqi. Pictures of eight animals and their names appear on each side of the board to indicate initial placement of the game pieces. After initial setup, these designated squares have no special meaning in the gameplay.
There are several special squares and areas of the Jungle board:
Each player has eight game pieces representing different animals, each with a different rank, and in their own colour (blue versus red). The animal ranking, from strongest to weakest, is:
Pieces start on squares with pictures corresponding to their animal, which are invariably shown on the Jungle board.
Players alternate moves with Blue moving first. During their turn, a player must move. All pieces can move one square horizontally or vertically (not diagonally). A piece may not move into its own den. Animals of either side can move into and out of any trap square.
There are special rules related to the water squares:
Animals capture opponent pieces by "killing/eating" them (the attacking piece replaces the captured piece on its square; the captured piece is removed from the game). A piece can capture any enemy piece that has the same or lower rank, with the following exceptions:
There are some commonly played ruleset variations, as follows:
Bibliography
Сожжение Трои (опал)

Сожжение Трои (фр. Incendie de Troie) — исторический драгоценный чёрный опал весом 4,94 унции (около 700 карат) и размером 4,5 × 2,5 × 0,5 дюйма, который в начале XIX века французский император Наполеон I подарил своей жене Жозефине (или Жозефина сама приобрела его). Французский ювелир Шарль Барбо писал, что нижняя его часть была полностью непрозрачной, а верхняя демонстрировала очень выраженную красную опалесценцию, благодаря которой этот опал получил своё название, и на тот момент это был единственный в мире драгоценный камень подобных характеристик. Он пропал после того, как войска Шестой коалиции вошли в Париж — возможно, его скрыл один из наследников Жозефины, которая вскоре после поражения Франции умерла.
Происхождение «Сожжения Трои» — предмет дискуссий. До XX века большинство исследователей считали, что этот опал, как и большинство опалов того времени, происходит из словацкого месторождения Червеница-Дубник, но его цвет и размер необычны для словацких рудников, и из-за этого, а также из-за наличия непрозрачной чёрной подложки, возникло предположение, что на самом деле опал «Сожжение Трои» добыт на месторождениях Гондураса, для которых обычны матричные чёрные опалы на чёрном базальте.
Некоторые публикации второй половины XX века утверждают, что перед началом Первой мировой войны опал «Сожжение Трои» приобрели у анонимного продавца городские власти Вены, а после окончания войны они, несмотря на финансовые трудности, отказались от предложения в размере 25 тысяч фунтов за него и хранили камень до 1921 года или до начала Второй мировой войны, когда он вновь пропал. Возможно, это смесь сообщений о двух разных камнях — согласно более ранним и близким к событиям источникам, большую сумму предлагали не за «Сожжение Трои», а за Венский императорский опал, который находился в Вене уже по крайней мере два столетия и находится там по сей день.
Кафаро, Паскуале

Паскуа́ле Кафа́ро (итал. Pasquale Cafaro), по прозванию Каффарье́лло (итал. Caffariello; 8 февраля 1715 года, Галатина, королевство Неаполя — 25 октября 1787 года, Неаполь, королевство Неаполя) — итальянский композитор и музыкальный педагог.
Паскуале Кафаро родился 8 февраля 1715 года в Сан-Пьетро-ин-Галантина, в королевстве Неаполя. По воле родителей для изучения юриспруденции был отправлен в Неаполь, где познакомился с маркизом Одьерна, который, заметив его музыкальное дарование, помог ему получить музыкальное образование. 23 декабря 1735 года будущий композитор поступил в консерваторию Пьета дей Туркини, где обучался у Николы Фаго, Леонардо Лео и Лоренцо Фаго. Вскоре, продолжая обучение, уже преподавал гармонию и контрапункт. В 1744 году завершил музыкальное образование и продолжил педагогическую деятельность в альма-матер.
В 1745 дебютировал, как композитор ораторией «Раскаяние блудного сына» (итал. Il figliuolprodigo ravveduto). 26 декабря 1751 года на сцене театра Сан-Карло в Неаполе состоялась премьера его первой оперы «Гиперменстра» (итал. Ipermestra) по либретто Пьетро Метастазио. 11 июля 1759 был назначен секондо маэстро в капелле при консерватории Пьета дей Туркини, сменив на этом месте Джироламо Абоса, и занимал эту должность до 1781 года. С 1785 года служил экстраординарным секондо маэстро в той же капелле.
25 августа 1768 года король Фердинандо IV назначил его внештатным маэстро в королевской капелле. Одновременно с этим, Паскуале Кафаро был удостоен звания учителя пения и игры на клавесине королевы Марии Каролины. 21 декабря 1771 года, после смерти Джузеппе де Майо, он получил место капельмейстера в королевской капелле Неаполя. С этого времени композитор больше не писал сценических произведений, полностью посвятив себя сочинению церковной и камерной музыки. Несмотря на это, он был назначен консультантом государственных королевских театров, сменив на этом месте Иоганна Кристиана Баха, и возглавил королевский театр Сан-Карло.
Статус придворного композитора вынуждал его постоянно находиться при королевских резиденциях в Портичи, Казерте, Персано и прочих. Это отвлекало от педагогической деятельности в консерватории, где с 1785 года Паскуале Кафаро фактически сменил его ученик Джакомо Тритто. Кроме Джакомо Тритто, учениками композитора были Франческо Бьянки, Анджело Тарки и Оноре Франсуа Лангле.
Паскуале Кафаро умер в Неаполе 23 октября (по другой версии 25 октября) 1787 года. Он был похоронен в церкви Монтесано, в капелле Святой Цецилии, рядом с композитором с Алессандро Скарлатти.
Творческое наследие композитора включает 7 опер-сериа, 6 ораторий, 10 кантат и многочисленные сочинения церковной и камерной музыки.
Девятый вал (картина Айвазовского)

«Девятый вал» — одна из самых знаменитых картин российского художника-мариниста Ивана Айвазовского, хранится в Русском музее в Санкт-Петербурге (инв. Ж-2202). Написана в 1850 году.
Живописец изображает море после очень сильного ночного шторма и людей, потерпевших кораблекрушение. Лучи солнца освещают громадные волны. Самая большая из них — девятый вал — готова обрушиться на людей, пытающихся спастись на обломках мачты.
Несмотря на то, что корабль разрушен, и осталась только мачта, люди на ней живы и продолжают бороться со стихией. Тёплые тона картины делают море не таким суровым и дают зрителю надежду, что люди будут спасены.
Размер картины — 221 × 332 см. Внизу, на мачте, подпись и дата: Айвазовскій 1850; в правом нижнем углу красным: 5; на обороте черным: № 2506.
В Русский музей картина поступила в 1897 году из Эрмитажа.
В 1857 году автор написал миниатюру картины (авторскую реплику). Размер миниатюры: 28 х 42,2 см, она хранится в Государственном художественном музее Алтайского края.
Льюис Кэрролл в своих «Дневниках путешествия в Россию в 1867 году» так писал о своём посещении Эрмитажа 21 августа:
Great Fire (The Burning of Troy in 1862)

Great Fire (The Burning of Troy in 1862) is a 1959 oil painting by the American outsider painter Grandma Moses, produced at age 99 and signed "Moses". It has been in the collection of the Bennington Museum since 2024.
It shows the artist's impression of the covered bridge of Troy, New York, from the western Green Island entry point on 10 May 1862, looking east at the moment that a spark from a locomotive set the bridge over the Hudson River on fire. To the right is a peaceful scene of Troy that mostly burned later that evening, thanks to the westerly wind pushing the flames towards the center of town. The fire was a major disaster for the town that had recently become a major hub for traffic on the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad line going east across the Hudson as well as steamships travelling north and south along the Hudson. Grandma Moses was born two years before it happened, but in a town bordering the Hudson river further upstate in Greenwich, N.Y. She would have heard the stories of river folk, locals and family members about the devastation caused by it.
Regular memorials were held for the Great Fire of Troy on anniversary days, such as in 2012 for the 150th year. In 1937, the 75th anniversary had been commemorated with various activities, and a news article printed in 1939 with a dramatic oval graphic illustrating the bridge on fire caught the eye of the artist, who cut the clipping and marked it up for her use in a rectangular painting. Her first version based on the print was included in her first solo exhibition in 1940 at the Galerie St. Etienne in NYC. She then made two more versions in 1941 that expanded the scene to include the soon-to-be-burned Troy side of the river. These must have been well-received, because she made two more versions in 1942 and 1943 that included more of the town. This 1959 painting is the last known version. None are the same, but all six contain the same central burning bridge idea.
The Private Life of Helen of Troy (book)

The Private Life of Helen of Troy by John Erskine was a novel published in 1925 by Bobbs Merrill. It was the best-selling work of American fiction in 1926, according to the Publishers' Weekly. The book was adapted from the Greek legend of Helen of Troy and follows the famous woman's life after the burning of Troy.
In the beginning, Menelaus - Helen's husband - leaves Troy in search of her and plans to kill her for all the trouble her beauty has caused. Instead, the two set out on a week-long voyage back to Sparta. Menelaus questions why his wife ran away from Sparta to begin with, saying that he did not believe her involvement with Paris was enough. Once at home, Helen talks with Charita and tells her that in the beginning, she thought she loved Paris and that is why she ran away with him, but she realized she only loved something he made her think of, and in the end, she only felt sorry for him. She goes on to say that she felt sorry for Paris because she could see he was "lost in the madness" just as she was. She tells her that marriage starts with love, but the people in the marriage get lost along the way and calls marriages fatal errors.
The book follows Helen's family and how she navigates friendships, her marriage, and parenting her children after what many in her life call, 'the scandal.'
Helen is a progressive woman by American standards in the 1930s, and would certainly be considered radical in ancient Greece. She defends her decision to run away with Paris and even encourages other women in the book to embrace their sexuality. Because of this, many have read the book as a satirical nod to gender politics. There is also a common feminist reading of the book because of Helen's attitude toward marriage and sexuality.
Because the book was published only five years after the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, it can be argued that a cultural focus on feminism and women's suffrage influenced why this book was so well received. Helen, in the book, represented a new kind of woman, who did what she wanted rather than what she was told, and defied male authority, which can be argued perpetuated the book's success.
The book was adapted into a silent film The Private Life of Helen of Troy in 1927, written by Gerald Duffy and directed by Alexander Korda. The film, and Duffy, were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Title Writing in 1929 (the first year the awards were held).
Jean-Baptiste Regnault

Jean-Baptiste Regnault (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ batist ʁəɲo]; 9 October 1754 – 12 November 1829) was a French painter.
Regnault was born in Paris, and began life at sea in a merchant vessel. At the age of fifteen his talent attracted attention, and he was sent to Italy by M. de Monval under the care of Jean Bardin. After his return to Paris in 1776, Regnault won the Prix de Rome for his painting Alexandre and Diogène and in 1783 he was elected to the French Académie des Beaux-Arts. His diploma picture, The Education of Achilles by Chiron the Centaur is now in the Louvre, as also are his Trois Grâces, Le Déluge, Descente de croix (Christ taken down from the Cross, originally executed for the royal chapel at Fontainebleau) and Socrate arrachant Alcibiade du sein de la Volupté. His L'origine de la peinture and L'origine de la sculpture, ou Pygmalion amoureux de sa statue are now at the Palace of Versailles.
He was the author of many large historical paintings, especially of allegorical subjects. His school, which reckoned amongst its attendants Pierre-Narcisse Guérin, Louis-Philippe Crépin, Louis Lafitte, Merry-Joseph Blondel, Robert Lefèvre, Henriette Lorimier and Alexandre Menjaud, was for a long while the rival in influence of that of David. Besides Blondel, Guérin, Lefèvre and Lorimier, Regnault's students included Godefroy Engelmann, Louis Hersent, Charles Paul Landon, Hippolyte Lecomte, Jacques Réattu, Jean-Hilaire Belloc and Anne Nicole Voullemier.
Regnault was married first to Sophie Meyer, then Sophie Félicité Beaucourt. He died in Paris. He is buried in Père-Lachaise Cemetery.
Auguste Couder

Louis-Charles-Auguste Couder or Auguste Couder (1 April 1789, in London – 21 July 1873, in Paris) was a French painter and student of Jean-Baptiste Regnault and Jacques-Louis David. He joined the Académie des beaux-arts in 1839 and was an officer of the Légion d'honneur. He married Cornélie Stouf, daughter of the sculptor Jean-Baptiste Stouf.
Couder was buried in the cemetery of Père-Lachaise.
Peplos

A peplos (Greek: πέπλος) is a body-length garment established as typical attire for women in ancient Greece by c. 500 BC, during the late Archaic and Classical period. It was a long, rectangular cloth with the top edge folded down about halfway, so that what was the top of the rectangle was now draped below the waist, and the bottom of the rectangle was at the ankle. One side of the peplos could be left open, or pinned or sewn together, with a type of brooch later called "fibula". In Latin and in a Roman context, it could be called a palla.
It should not be confused with the Ionic chiton, which was a piece of fabric folded over and sewn together along the longer side to form a tube. The Classical garment is represented in Greek vase painting from the 5th century BC and in the metopes of temples in the Doric order.
Spartan women continued to wear the peplos much later in history than other Greek cultures. It was also shorter and with slits on the side causing other Greeks to call them phainomērídes (φαινομηρίδες), the "thigh-showers".
On the last day of the month Pyanepsion, the priestess of Athena Polias and the Arrephoroi, a group of girls chosen to help in the making of the sacred peplos, set up the loom on which the enormous peplos was to be woven by the Ergastinai, another group of girls chosen to spend about nine months making the sacred peplos. They had to weave a theme of Athena's defeat of Enkelados and the Olympian's defeat of the Giants. The peplos of the statue was changed each year during the Plynteria.
The peplos played a role in the Athenian festival of the Great Panathenaea. Nine months before the festival, at the arts and crafts festival titled Chalkeia, a special peplos would begin to be woven by young women. During the Panathenaea, the peplos was taken up to the Acropolis of Athens to be presented to the wooden statue of Athena Polias in the Erechtheion, opposite the Parthenon. The main scene of the Parthenon frieze is believed, although not without disagreement, to represent this peplos scene during the Panathenaea. The peplos had images of the mythic battle between gods and giants woven into its material and usually consisted of purple and saffron yellow cloth.
Western Bengali dialect

Western Bengali or Mānbhūmī Bengali (Bengali: মানভূমী বাংলা, romanized: Mānbhūmī Bāṅlā, pronounced [manbhumi baŋla]) is a local Bengali dialect spoken in the districts of Purulia, West Bardhaman, Western Bankura, Singhbhum and other adjacent areas of West Bengal and Jharkhand, previously Manbhum and Dhalbhum regions in Bengal Presidency. It is one of the Bengali dialects, having some influences of neighbouring dialects of Hindi and Odia in it.
Manbhumi Bengali has a rich tradition of folk songs sung in various occasions. Tusu songs are sung by village girls during a month-long observance of Tusu festival in villages of Purulia and some parts of Barddhaman, Bankura and Birbhum districts of West Bengal and parts of East Singhbhum, Saraikela Kharsawan, Bokaro, Dhanbad and Ranchi districts of Jharkhand. Bhadu songs, Karam songs, Baul songs and Jhumar songs are also composed in Manbhumi Bengali. Manbhumi Bengali songs are used by Chhau performers of Purulia School to depict various mythological events. Chhau is one of the distinguished dance forms of this geographical region which has been accorded the status of Intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2009.
This Bengali dialect is spoken in the Manbhum and Dhalbhum area and has its extended regional variants or subdialects throughout southern border area of Medinipur division of West Bengal, south eastern border of Kolhan division of Jharkhand.
There are two tribal languages, Kharia Thar and Mal Paharia, mainly spoken in Manbhum region of Bengal and Jharkhand by some small tribes, are closely related to Western Bengali dialects, but are typically classified as separate languages.
Эрчимжсэн фермийн аж ахуй

Эрчимжсэн фермийн аж ахуй буюу эсвэл эрчимжсэн хөдөө аж ахуй нь газарын хэмжээтэйгээ харьцуулахад их хэмжээний капитал эсвэл ажиллах хүч ашигладаг өндөр бүтээмжтэй ХАА-н үйлдвэрлэлийн нэг систем юм. Энэ нь байгаль дээр бэлэн байдаг газар, түүний хэмжээ болон чанар, усны хангамж, хөрсний үржил шим зэргүүдээс үлэмж хамааралтай бага хэмжээний материал болон ажиллах хүч ашигладаг өргөтгөсөн фермийн аж ахуйн ойлголтын эсрэг юм.
Орчин үед эрчимжсэн газар тариалангийн аж ахуй нь механикжуулсан газар хагалалт, гербицид, фунгицид, инсектицид, химийн бордоо, пестицид зэргүүдийг өргөн ашиглаж байна. Өнөөгийн фермийн аж ахуйн амжилтын нэг түлхүүр болсон механикжуулалтыг энэ салбар өргөн ашигласнаар үйлдвэрлэлийн бүтээмжийг мэдэгдэхүйц дээшлүүлсэн.
Эрчимжсэн мал аж ахуйн практик нь хязгаарлагдмал газар (бэлчээр) дээр их хэмжээний идэш тэжээл, ус, малын эм бэлдмэл (мал амьтанг сайжруулсан орчинд байлгаж эрүүл байх нөхцөлийг нь бүрдүүлж өгдөг) зарцуулан олон тооны мал амьтанг өсгөн үржүүлэх явдал юм.. Том оворын эсвэл хязгаарлагдмал барилга байгууламж дотор явуулж буй эрчимжсэн мал аж ахуйг (ялангуяа АНУ-д түгээмэл байдаг фермерийн аж ахуй) ихэвчлэн үйлдвэржсэн аж ахуй гэдэг бөгөөд үүнийг амьтаны амьдрах ёстой орчины стандартын түвшинг маш доогуур байлгаж байна, мөн үүнээс улбаалж бохирдол болон эрүүл ахуйн асуудлууд гарч ирж буйг шүүмжлэгчид шүүмжилж байна.
Эрчимжсэн хөдөө аж ахуйн ашигтай талууд:
Эрчимжсэн фермийн аж ахуй нь байгаль орчинг олон замаар өөрчилж байна:
Nio ES8

The Nio ES8 is a battery electric full-size luxury crossover SUV manufactured by Chinese electric car company Nio. The ES8 was put into production in June 2018 for the Chinese market, and on 30 September 2021 it was launched in Norway. The ES8 serves as the flagship full-size SUV.
The first generation ES8 was first unveiled in December 2017 and production started in 2018. The name ES8 is derived from E means “Electric”, S means “SUV”, the ES8 is an SUV and 8 refers to its model range in Nio's Performance product range i.e., 1–9, “9” being the top of the range.
Nio tested the vehicle for thousands of kilometres in Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia, China and Australia to test the car's winter and summer economy and cold and hot temperature performance.
Nio is cooperating with a number of suppliers including Bosch.
The ES8 is powered by a 70 kWh or 84 kWh lithium-ion battery pack (Upgraded to 100 kWh in 2019), that is also swappable.
The ES8 is a 6 or 7-seater full-size production car, with a wheelbase of 2,997 mm (118 in) and a body length of 5,022 mm (198 in). The body and chassis are completely aluminum (96.4%), and the drivetrain is all-wheel drive as standard, and also features active air suspension. The design includes the X-bar and Nio's signature "Spark Beat" taillights.
In March 2020, a revised ES8 was released. It uses a combination of 160 kW (215 hp; 218 PS) permanent magnet and 240 kW (322 hp; 326 PS) induction magnet motors. It can accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) in 4.9 seconds and a NEDC range rating of up to 580 km (360 mi). From 2020, the digital cockpit was upgraded to a 9.8-inch display with an 11.3-inch high-definition multi-touch center display. The NOMI Mate 2.0 features an industry-first circular AMOLED display, with much larger active display area. Additionally, ES8 comes with a smart charging port cover and NFC key card. Euro NCAP confirmed a 5 star rating for the ES8 in September 2021.
The second generation Nio ES8 was unveiled during the Nio Day in December 2022 riding on the NT2.0 platform.
The second generation model features a 180 kW (241 hp; 245 PS) front motor and a 300 kW (402 hp; 408 PS) rear motor reaching a combined maximum power output of 480 kW (644 hp; 653 PS) and 850 N⋅m (627 lb⋅ft) of torque. Acceleration from 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) is just under 4.1 seconds. Three battery packs are available as well as a battery leasing program, with the 75 kWh battery supporting a CLTC range of 465 km (289 mi), the 100 kWh pack supporting a CLTC range of 605 km (376 mi), and the 150 kWh pack supporting a CLTC range of 900 km (559 mi).
Top Gear (2014 TV series)

Top Gear is a Chinese television series about motor vehicles, primarily on cars, and is an adaptation of the British television series Top Gear. The show premiered on 13 November 2014 on the network Shanghai Dragon TV. Series 1 was hosted by Cheng Lei, Richie Jen, and Tian Liang, Series 2 by Cheng Lei, Ma Dong, and Ou Han-sheng. The show also features a segment similar to Star in a Reasonably Priced Car (Ford Focus in Series 1 and Volkswagen Lamando in Series 2) and a Chinese Stig, whose identity is currently unknown.
The first attempt at a Chinese Top Gear was in 2011.
In May 2014, BBC announced that it has signed a deal with Honyee Media to produce a local version of Top Gear in China. On 13 November 2014, the first series of the Top Gear China premiered on Shanghai Dragon Television, presented by Cheng Lei, a veteran Chinese TV presenter, Richie Jen, a Taiwanese singer and actor, and Tian Liang, a former Olympic gold-medalist in diving.
Production started in July 2014. Filming took place in various locations, such as: Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Chongqing, Guizhou, Shanghai, Beijing, and Wuxi.
Season 2 has had a total audience of 217 million with 5 episodes.
List of generic and genericized trademarks

The following three lists of generic and genericized trademarks are:
The following partial list contains marks which were originally legally protected trademarks, but which have subsequently lost legal protection as trademarks by becoming the common name of the relevant product or service, as used both by the consuming public and commercial competitors. These marks were determined in court to have become generic. Some marks retain trademark protection in certain countries despite being declared generic in others.
The following partial list contains marks which were originally legally protected trademarks, but which have subsequently lost legal protection as trademarks due to abandonment, non-renewal or improper issuance (the generic term predated the registration). Some marks retain trademark protection in certain countries despite being generic in others.
Marks in this partial list are still legally protected as trademarks, at least in some jurisdictions, but are sometimes used by consumers in a generic sense. Unlike the names in the list above, these names are still widely known by the public as brand names, and are not used by competitors. Scholars disagree as to whether the use of a recognized trademark name for similar products can truly be called "generic", or if it is instead a form of synecdoche.
The previous list contains trademarks that have completely lost their legal status in some countries, while the following list contains marks which have been registered as trademarks, continue in use, and are actively enforced by their trademark owners. Writing guides such as the AP Stylebook advise writers to "use a generic equivalent unless the trademark is essential to the story".
Upacara bendera

Upacara bendera adalah sebutan untuk upacara pengibaran bendera yang dilaksanakan di Indonesia. Upacara bendera wajib dilaksanakan setiap hari-hari besar nasional atau setiap hari Senin oleh berbagai macam instansi pemerintahan dan pendidikan di Indonesia. Selain prosesi pengibaran bendera, upacara bendera juga meliputi rangkaian prosesi lain, seperti mengheningkan cipta, pembacaan teks Pancasila dan Pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, serta amanat dari pembina upacara.
Pelaksanaan upacara bendera di lembaga pendidikan diwajibkan dalam Permendikbud RI Nomor 23 Tahun 2015 tentang Penumbuhan Budi Pekerti (PBP). Sementara tata cara upacara bendera diperinci dalam Permendikbud Nomor 22 Tahun 2018 tentang Pedoman Upacara di Sekolah.
Protokol dalam memberi hormat kepada bendera di Indonesia:
SMA Negeri 3 Taruna Angkasa Madiun

SMA Negeri 3 Taruna Angkasa Madiun adalah salah satu SMA Negeri yang ada di Madiun, yang beralamat di Jl Ringroad Barat Kec. Manguharjo Madiun, Jawa Timur. Sama dengan SMA pada umumnya di Indonesia masa pendidikan sekolah di SMA Negeri 3 Taruna Angkasa Madiun ditempuh dalam waktu tiga tahun pelajaran, mulai dari Kelas X sampai Kelas XII.
Sekolah ini adalah yang pertama mendapatkan akreditasi RSBI di wilayah Kota Madiun sebelum dihapusnya program RSBI ini secara nasional. Sekolah ini menempati lahan yang sangat luas dengan gaya arsitektur termodern di Kota Madiun. Pada tahun 2015, sekolah yang biasa disebut SMaGa ini berhasil mendapatkan penghargaan lingkungan hidup Adiwiyata yang diberikan oleh Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia. Upaya SMaGa dalam mentrasformasikan lingkungan sekolah menjadi standar lingkungan hidup tinggi tersebut tidaklah mudah. Hal itu dikarenakan lahan sekolah yang sangat tidak subur karena lahan timbunan baru dan sangat gersang. Namun dengan upaya dan semangat dalam menciptakan keindahan SMaGa berhasil menanam pohon ditengah sekolah dan sekitar sekolah. Hebatnya ikan, burung dan berbagai hewan unggas lainnya dilepas dihalaman tengah dimana semua kelas dapat mendengar kicauan burung dan pemandangan yang asri saat KBM. Mulai 31 Desember 2018, SMA Negeri 3 Madiun resmi berganti nama menjadi SMA Negeri 3 Taruna Angkasa Madiun.
Pada Tanggal 01 Maret 2000 terjadi serah terima kepala SMA Negeri 3 Madiun dari Bapak Drs. Soejoto, BA kepada Bapak Drs. Dolar Yuwono, M.Pd. Di bawah pimpinan Bp. Drs. Dolar Yuwono, M.Pd. SMA Negeri 3 Madiun semakin Maju dengan model pembelajaran Quantum Teaching dan Quantum Learning dan pada 2001 pengadaan Laboratorium komputer yang dilengkapi dengan jaringan Local Area Network yang mengarah ke pembelajaran Online dan belajar mandiri dengan media pembelajaran berbasis ICT. Pada tahun 2004 SMAN 3 Madiun terpilih menjadi satu satunya SMA Negeri Rintisan Sekolah bertaraf Internasional (RSBI). Kemudian Berkat perjuangan Bp. Dolar Yuwono SMAN 3 Madiun mendapatkan Tanah seluas 4, 7 Hektar, beserta bangunan unit gedung sekolah, Unit GOR, Unit Asrama.
Meningkatkan iman dan taqwa, kecerdasan, pengetahuan, kepribadian, kecakapan hidup agar dapat kompetitif di era global.
Di SMA Negeri 3 Taruna Angkasa Madiun siswa dapat memilih pelajaran olahraga dan kesenian sesuai dengan kemampuan masing-masing. Beberapa bidang olahraga dan kesenian tersebut adalah:
Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol

Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona, S.A.D. adalah sebuah klub sepak bola Spanyol yang bermain di La Liga. Klub ini adalah rival sekota FC Barcelona. Periquitos bermarkas di Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys, Barcelona, Spanyol. Seragam mereka berwarna biru-putih.
Catatan: Bendera menunjukkan tim nasional sesuai dengan peraturan FIFA. Pemain dapat memiliki lebih dari satu kewarganegaraan non-FIFA.
Catatan: Bendera menunjukkan tim nasional sesuai dengan peraturan FIFA. Pemain dapat memiliki lebih dari satu kewarganegaraan non-FIFA.
Catatan: Bendera menunjukkan tim nasional sesuai dengan peraturan FIFA. Pemain dapat memiliki lebih dari satu kewarganegaraan non-FIFA.
Catatan: Bendera menunjukkan tim nasional sesuai dengan peraturan FIFA. Pemain dapat memiliki lebih dari satu kewarganegaraan non-FIFA.
Catatan: Bendera menunjukkan tim nasional sesuai dengan peraturan FIFA. Pemain dapat memiliki lebih dari satu kewarganegaraan non-FIFA.
Himne Olimpiade

Himne Olimpiade (Yunani: Ύμνος Ολυμπιακός, Olympiakos Ýmnos), juga dikenal informal sebagai Lagu Kebangsaan Olimpiade, adalah lagu yang musiknya diciptakan oleh komposer opera Spyridon Samaras, pada lirik oleh penyair Yunani Kostis Palamas. Kedua penyair dan komposer adalah pilihan Vikelas Demetrius, seorang Yunani yang Pro-Eropa dan Presiden pertama Komite Olimpiade Internasional.
Lagu ini dinyanyikan untuk pertama kalinya untuk upacara pembukaan edisi pertama di Olimpiade Athena 1896. Pada tahun-tahun berikutnya setiap negara tuan rumah ditugaskan untuk memvariasikan musisi komposisi himne Olimpiade edisi khusus untuk mereka sendiri dari pertandingan. Hal ini terjadi sampai dengan edisi pada Olimpiade 1960 di Roma.
Lagu Kebangsaan yang diciptakan oleh Samaras dan Palamas ini dinyatakan resmi sebagai Lagu Kebangsaan Olimpiade oleh Komite Olimpiade Internasional pada tahun 1958 pada Sidang ke-55 IOC di Tokyo. Sejak 1960, telah digunakan di Upacara Pembukaan Olimpiade masing-masing.
Daftar pembawa bendera Selandia Baru pada Olimpiade

Berikut ini adalah daftar pembawa bendera yang mewakili Selandia Baru pada Olimpiade.
Para pembawa bendera membawa bendera Selandia Baru dan, sejak 2004, mengenakan jubah Te Māhutonga pada acara pembukaan Permainan Olimpiade.
Arthur Porritt, Stuart Blakely dan David Aspin adalah beberapa peserta Olimpiade Selandia Baru yang membawa bendera pada dua acara pembukaan Olimpiade berbeda.
• berkompetisi di bawah bendera Komite Olimpiade Selandia Baru
Steven Hao

Steven Hao (Hanzi: 郝劭文; Pinyin: Hǎo Shàowén; lahir 4 Januari 1990) adalah seorang aktor dari Taiwan yang memulai karier aktingnya pada usia empat tahun. Dia dikenal dalam perannya di film "Shaolin Popey" (1994), "China Dragon" (1995), dan "Adventurous Treasure Island" (1996). Di Indonesia namanya lebih dikenal dengan sebutan Boboho, dengan perawakan gemuk dan kepala plontosnya sebagai biksu cilik yang kerap bersama Ashton Chen dalam setiap aktingnya. Ia juga selalu menggunakan kacamata hitam yang membuatnya semakin lucu. Apalagi ia juga punya jurus kungfu andalan yang bisa membuat penonton tertawa.
Berikut ini adalah peran yang pernah dimainkan oleh Steven Hao:
Kim Yong-rim

Kim Yong-rim (lahir 3 Maret 1940) adalah aktris Korea Selatan. Kim memulai debut aktingnya pada tahun 1961 dan sejak itu bekerja dengan mantap di drama Korea, terutama Silver Grass, dimana ia memenangkan Hadiah Utama (Daesang) pada MBC Drama Awards pada tahun 1985.
Friendly Rivalry

Friendly Rivalry (Hangul: 선의의 경쟁) adalah seri televisi drama fiksi misteri cerita seru Korea Selatan yang didasarkan pada webtun yang bernama sama karya Song Chae-yoon dan Shim Jae-young. Seri in dibintangi oleh Lee Hye-ri, Chung Su-bin, Kang Hye-won, dan Oh Woo-ri. Seri ini dijadwalkan akan tayang perdana di U+ Mobile TV pada 10 Februari 2025.