Korial Saree

Korial Saree (Bengali: কোরিয়াল শাড়ি) is a traditional handwoven saree (Sari) of West Bengal. These handloom sarees are famous for the red boarder, novelty of saree designs, beautiful designs on the anchal, and natural fibers (mulberry silk) in weaving. The saree was the symbol of holiness, purity and good shine. In 2024, the Korial Saree received recognition as a registered Geographical indication.
Korial sarees are traditionally woven on primitive hand looms, and the jala system is used to incorporate the designs. The Maku (shuttle) of the hand loom runs one side to another side by hand. 100 count silk yarn is used for weaving and also zari is used as per requirement. The saree has plain weave borders or borders with extra warp; The anchal have traditional floral and geometric designs, which are made using the jala method. The Ground of the saree has Buti design, which is made using jala method with additional weft. The speciality of Korial saree is that it is given a typical traditional khai finish after weaving and dried for a particular time. Finally, the saree is folded carefully.
As per 2024 data, 146 weavers are engaged in weaving Korial sarees in Murshidabad and Birbhum districts of West Bengal. In the financial year 2018-19, the annual sales of this saree was ₹24.5 million.
Silk has been produced in Murshidabad and Malda districts for centuries, local Malda silk and imported silk are used in the making of Korial. The materials are not made by the weavers, but they use materials purchased from local supply shops, including the silk used in the weaving, which is traditionally harvested from mulberry silkworms. The most common source of silk for these sarees is mulberry silkworms reared on mulberry plants, from the cocoons of mulberry silkworms, farmers collect silk. Some quantity of silk is imported mainly from South India by local traders.
Other materials include zaris and dyes. Golden zari yan are used in sarees - which are mainly artificial. Natural dyes are used to colouring of the silk yarn.
Historically, almost everyone of the weaver family is involved in saree making, handling every step of the production process, from the preparation of the yarn to the final weaving of the saree. Weavers carry an incredible creative power in their eyes and hands, which is traditionally expressed through the technical skills and knowledge of design and color inherited from their forefathers.
Two ply twisted filament mulberry silk yarn is used in Korial sarees. Twisting of silk yarn is done by weavers. To prepare warp sheet, the yarn is spun onto the bobbin from the hank; some weavers use bobbin winding machines for this task while others use traditional spinning wheels. The warp yarn contained in these bobbins is prepared into rope form using vertical sectional warping machine. The yarn is dried (if necessary) after boiling in alkali solution. The entanglement of yarn is opened by the weavers, and the broken end is mended by spreading it lengthwise along the road. Finally the warp yarn is tied to a wooden beam.
Traditionally, the main tools for making Korial sarees are the primitive hand-loom and jala system. Primitive looms are the looms of early times; in these looms, the shuttle is thrown from one end to the other by hand, thus requiring more time for weaving. That's why a lot of time is required to weave Korial sarees.
Jala system on handloom is a very primitive process, this system plays an important role in Korial saree weaving. A jala is a structure that looks like a hook. This system is mainly used for making buti designs on sarees. Jala process can include designs according to the desired area of the saree. When the design is incorporated into the saree, the jala is inserted in specific positions.