davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia

Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia (LDII) (pégon: لمباݢا دعوة ‫إ‬سلام ‫إ‬ندونيسيا ; cara Jawa: ꦪꦪꦱꦤ꧀ꦢꦏ꧀ꦮꦃ​ꦆꦱ꧀ꦭꦩꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪꦃ; cara Arab: جمعية الدعوة الإسلامية الإندونيسية) iku sawijining organisasi masarakat Islam ing Indonésia mligi nindakaké siyaran dakwah lan pangajaran agama Islam adhedhasar Al-Qur'an lan Al-Hadis. Organisasi iki wus tuwuh ngrembaka ana ing panjuru laladan Indonésia. Warga kang mèlu dadi anggota lan non-anggota jinangka ngancik udakara 30 yuta wong.
Mulabukané LDII madeg iku bisa dideleng wiwit tanggal 1 Juli 1927, kadhaptaraké mawa jeneng Yayasan Lembaga Karyawan Islam (YAKARI) ing Kutha Kadhiri, Jawa Wétan. Madegé organisasi adhedhasar Akta Notaris Mudijomo katiti-mangsa 27 Juli 1972, minangka korèksi ngeneraké akta sadurungé kang katiti-mangsa 3 Januari 1972 kang isiné babagan panetepan tanggal madegé LEMKARI. Yasan bebadan iki diprakarsani déning sawetara pawongan, ing antarané yaiku:
Ing taun 1981, lumantar Musyawarah Besar (Mubes) YAKARI, jeneng organisasi kasulih dadi Lembaga Karyawan Islam (LEMKARI). Banjur ing Musyawarah Besar IV LEMKARI taun 1990, jeneng organisasi kaelih manèh dadi Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia (LDII). Owahan jeneng iki adhedhasar arahan saka Sudharmono minangka Wakil Présidhèn RI nalika iku, lan Jéndral TNI (Purn.) H. Rudini. Awit jeneng "LEMKARI" iku saèmper karo jeneng cekakané Lembaga Karate-Do Indonesia. Tundhoné jeneng LDII kang dianggo minangka jeneng resmi nganti sepréné.
Warga LDII kang wis kaloka ana satengahing masarakat umum ing antarané yaiku:
Muhammadiyah

Muhammadiyah inggih punika satunggaling organisasi Islam ingkang ageng wonten ing Indonésia. Nami oraganisasi punika dipunpendhet saking nama Muhammad, satemah Muhammadiyah ugi sadet kaloka minangka tiyang-tiyang ingkang dados pandherek Muhammad.
Ancas utami Muhammadiyah inggih punika ngunduraken sadaya penyimpangan ingkang kadadéan ing prosès dakwah. Penyimpangan punika asring njalari ajaran Islam nyampur kaliyan adatsabenipun ing tlatah tartamtu kathi alesan adhaptasi.
Gerakan Muhammadiyah gadhah ciri semangat bangun tata sosial saha pendhidhikan masarakat ingkang langkung maju saha terdhidhik. Ngewrat ajaran Islam boten namung agami ingkang asipat pribadi saha statis, nanging dinamis saha gadhahkadhudhukan minangka sistem gesang manungsa ing sadaya aspekipun. Nanging, piyambakipun ugi ngewrat kecenderungan nglampahi tumindak ingkang èkstrim.
Jefri Al Buchori

Jeffry Al Buchori duwé jeneng kondhang Uje, iku sawijining pendakwah utawa ustad kang tampil kanthi basa dakwah nganggo basa bocah nom, saéngga kerep diundhang ustad gaul. Uje uga kerep dakwah nganggo tembang-tembang Islami.
Uje ya iku garwa saka Pipik Dian Irawati kang saiki ngrembakakake usaha butik. Uje katemu Pipik Dian Irawati, sawijining modhel gadhis sampul majalah Aneka taun 1995 saka Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Nalika iku, Uje isih dadi penganggo narkoba, nanging ora ngalangi Pipik kang sedya dikawini kanthi siri tanggal 7 September 1999.
Anak-anaké ya iku Adiba Khanza Az-Zahra, Mohammad Abidzar Al-Ghifari, lan Ayla Azuhro.
Jeffry Al Buchori lair ing Jakarta, 12 April 1973. Jefri anak ketelu saka limang sadulur pasangan Alm.H. Ismail Modal lan Ustz Dra. Hj. Tatu Mulyana.
Uje sakawit cilik wis éntuk pendhidhikan Islam kang kuat. Bab iki kabuktèn nalika lungguh ing SD kelas 3-5 éntuk prestasi MTQ (Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur’an) tekan tingkat provinsi. Sawisé lulus SD, bareng kakange sakloron, Alm. Ust. H. Abdullah Riyad lan Ust. H. Aswan Faisal, sekolah ing Pondok Pesantren Daar el-Qolam Gintung, Jayanti Tangerang.
Sasuwene ing pesantren, Uje kagolong nakal. Nalika kanca-kancane salat, dhèwèké meneng-meneng turu utawa minggat saka pesantren kanggo dolan lan nonton ing biyoskup. Pungkasane Uje ditokake saka pesantren mau kang wis 4 taun dilakoni saka 6 taun kang kudu dilakoni. Sawisé iku, Uje dipindahake ing Madrasah Aliyah (MA, setingkat SMA) nanging nakale malah sansaya tambah.
Apamaneh sawisé lulus taun 1990 lan kuliah ing akademi broadcasting, kenakalane Uje ora suda. Dhèwèké kekancan karo penganggo narkoba lan kerep dugem. Pungkasane Uje ora ngrampungi kuliahe. Taun 1991, Uje naté dadi dancer ing sawijining club. Uje uga kerep nongkrong ing Institut Kesenian Jakarta. Nalika para juru main sinétron lagi latiyan, kadhang-kadhang Uje ngganteni salah sijiné. Dhèwèké mèlu casting lan éntuk peran. Salah sijiné sinétron kang tau dibintangi ya iku Pendekar Halilintar. Uje uga tau dinobatake dadi pemeran priya paling apik sajeroning Sepekan Sinetron Remaja kang dianakake TVRI taun 1991.
Ust Jefri duwé kakang sing pembarep ya iku Alm. Ust. H. Abdullah Riyad, keloro Ust. H. Aswan Faisal, adi kepapat H. Decky Fajar, lan kelima Ustz Hj. Nona.
Jefry al Buchori tilar donya tanggal 26 April 2013 amarga kacilakan montor.
STAIN Purwokerto

Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Purwokerto utawa kasingkat STAIN Purwokerto ngrupaake sawijining sekolah tinggi negri ing kutha Purwokerto, Indonésia. Lokasi kampus STAIN Purwokerto ana ing Jalan Ahmad Yani Purwokerto.
Diwiwiti kanthi pangadhékan IAIN Sunan Kalijaga (saiki UIN Sunan Kalijaga ing 10 November 1962, kang nginduk marang IAIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. Sempet nginduk marang IAIN Walisongo Semarang ing taun 1993 lan kaubah dadi IAIN Walisongo Purwokerto. Ing taun 1997 kaubah dadi Sekolah Tinggi Negeri Purwokerto kang mandiri lan kanthi saiki duwé jursan Dakwah, Tarbiyah dan Syariah.
Cithakan:PTAIN Ing Indonésia
Wong Batak Simalungun

Batak Simalungun (aksara Batak: ᯃᯟᯃ᯳ᯅᯖᯃ᯳ᯙᯫᯕᯟᯮᯝᯉᯮ᯳) iku salah sijiné wong asli saka Sumatera Lor. Simalungun tegesé sepi utawa ing basa Indonesia diarani sunyi. Lagu-lagu Simalungun kang misuwur ya iku Sitalasari lan Tading ma ham.
Wong Batak Simalungun manggon ing Kabupatèn Simalungun lan saubengé. Leluhur wong Simalungun asalé saka tlatah India Selatan. Wong Batak Simalungun kapérang ing karajan-karajan. Marga asli wong Simalungun ya iku Damanik, lan 3 marga pendatang ya iku Saragih, Sinaga, lan Purba. marga marga (jeneng kulawarga) iku kapérang dadi papat marga gedhé ing Simalungun.
Wong Batak Toba ngarani wong iki kanthi jeneng wong Si Balungu saka legenda setan kang njalari lelara ing tlatah iku, dené wong Batak Karo ngarani Timur amarga manggon ing pérangan timur wong Karo.
Ana akèh sumber ngenani asal usul Wong Simalungun, nanging akèh kang nyritakna yèn nenek moyang Wong Simalungun asalé saka njaba Indonesia. Wong iki teka kanthi loro rombongan. Rombongan kang kapisan ya iku Simalungun Proto , kang teka saka Nagore (India Selatan) lan pagunungan Assam (India Timur) nalika [[abad kaping lima. Wong iki banjur liwat Myanmar, Siam lan Malaka lan sawisé iku banjur nyabrang ing Sumatera Timur lan nggawé karajan Nagur saka Raja dinasti Damanik. Rombongan kang kapindho ya iku Simalungun Deutero, kang teka saka wong-wong ing saubengé Simalungun kang isih tangga karo wong asli Simalungun.
Wong Miao

Wong Miao (Hanzi: 苗族; basa Vietnam: Mèo utawa H'Mông; Thai: แม้ว (Maew) atau ม้ง (Mong); Burma: mun lu-myo)) iku wong kang minoritas gedhé ing Républik Rakyat Cina. Wong Miao iku akèh kasebar ing sisih kidul Guizhou, sisih kulon Guangxi lan Hainan. Wong iki uga kasebar ing provinsi liya minangka wong kang lagi lelana. Ing sajabané Tiongkok, wong iki uga ana kang urip ing Asia Kidul Wétan, kaya ta Laos lan Vietnam. Kajaba iku, uga ana kang urip ing Éropah, Kanada, lan Amérika.
Wong Miao duwé basa Miao, nanging basa iki ora duwé tulisan dhéwé. Wong iki asliné isih turuning Wong Nanman kang ana ing jaman Dinasti Han. Jeneng Miao iku aran kango wong Hmong ing Républik Rakyat Tiongkok.
Ing CIna, kurang luwih ana 4 yuta wong wong Miao kang urip ing Guizhou, banjur papan iku diarani Provinsi Wong Miao. Ana 97% Wong Miao urping kutha Tai. Ètnis Miao cacahé ana patang golongan, ya iku:
Indra Bekti

Indra Bekti (lair ing Jakarta, 28 Dhésèmber 1977; umur 47 taun) kang jeneng asline Bekti Indra Tomo ya iku salah sijiné modhél, presenter, lan juru main sinétron. Saliyané iku Indra uga dadi penyanyi lan presenter tivi ing Indonésia. Nalika tanggal 28 Dhésèmber 2005 ing dina ulang tauné kang kaping 28, Indra nggawé buku kang temané Indra Bekti 28 Ways to Stardom. Buku iki isiné ngenani 28 wewadi lan 28 kiat-kiat sukses kanggo nggayuh karir lan pengalamané ing jagading hiburan Indonésia.
Nalika isih cilik, Indra Bekti urip ing Jakarta. Indra iku anaké pasangan Aruji Priyanto (bapak) lan Alm. Syaprida (ibu). Indra dadi anak nomer loro saka sadulur kang cacahé papat. Nalika isih cilik, Indra diajari kanggo disiplin lan ora manja ing sekolah lan ing omah. Nalika isih cilik Indra Bekti dolanan nganggo dolanan tradhisonal kaya ta delikan, kucing-kucingan, lan dolanan banyu kang dadi dolanan kang paling disenengi Indra bekti.
Nalika ing SMP, Indra nyanyi kanggo anime kang judhulé Candy-Candy. Nalika iku animé iki banget populer ing jamané. Sanajan mung ngisi swara, Indra Bekti wis seneng banget. Nalika iku, Indra bekti dibayar 30 éwu rupiah saben tokoh. Indra seneng banget awit dhèwèké wis bisa ngasilaké dhuwit dhéwé ing umuré kang isih enom. Indra terus sinau lan sawisé SMA, Indra banjur njajal siyaran radio nganti akhiré lumebu tivi. Nalika lumebu tivi kang sepisanan Indra Bekti dadi presenter ing acara Tralala Trilili bareng karo Agnes Monica. Sawisé iku akèh tawaran kanggo Indra supaya dadi penyiar radio swasta. Sawisé tamat SMA, Indra kang dhuwuré 167 cm iki sinau kanthi kuliyah ing jurusan public speaking D1 ing London School.
Louis Armstrong

HIDDEN ERROR: Usage of "Birth" is not recognizedHIDDEN ERROR: Usage of "color" is not recognizedHIDDEN ERROR: Usage of "Death" is not recognized
Louis Armstrong (lair 4 Agustus 1901 – pati 6 Juli 1971 ing umur 69 taun), kanthi jejuluk Satchmo utawa Pops, iku sawijining juru main trompèt jazz kabangsan Amérikah Sarékat lan penyanyi saka New Orleans, Louisiana.
On the Origin of Species

Asal-usul Spesies (On the Origin of Species) déning Charles Darwin (terbit taun 1859) iku karya wigati sajeroning literatur èlmiyah lan dianggep tonggak sajeroning téyori évolusi. Irah-irahan jangkepé ya iku On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Ngenani Asal-usul Spesies liwat Cara Seleksi Alam, utawa Panglestarèn Golongan sajeroning Perjuwangan kanggo Urip). Buku iki nepungaké téyori èlmiyah yèn populasi ngalami évolusi saka génerasi menyang génerasi liwat prosès seleksi alam. Isi buku iki kontrovèrsial amarga nentang téyori panyiptan miturut kapercayan agama, lan wujud panyetus timbulé èlmu ajeneng biologi ing abad kaping 19. Buku sing ditulis déning Darwin wujud asil èkspèdhisi lauté mawa kapal layar HMS Beagle ing taun 1830-an, lan diterusaké kanthi panylidikan lan èksperimèn sawisa bali manèd saka èkspèdhisi.
Buku iki akèh narik kawigatèn wong, wong sing ora ahli waé bisa maca buku iki. Buku iki kontrovèrsia bangetl lan njalari akèh padhebatan ing babagan sains, filsafat, lan agama. Téyori èlmiyah ngenani évolusi uga wis ngévolusi tinimbang téyori awal sing ditulis Darwin, nanging seleksi alam tetep dadi téyori èlmiyah sing paling akèh ditampa kanggo njelasaké évolusi saka sawijining spésies. Kontrovèrsi téyori panyiptan lan téyori évolusi terus dumadi tekan saiki.
Téyori Darwin didhasaraké pangamatan wigati lan kesimpulané.
Menachem Froman

Rabbi Menachem Froman (uga diarani Menahem lan Fruman; Ivri: מנחם פרומן‎ ‎; lair ing Galilea, Mandat Palestina, 1 Juni 1945 – pati ing Tekoa, Gisik Kulon, 4 Maret 2013 ing umur 67 taun) yaiku rabi Ortodoks Israel lan negosiator karo hubungan cedhak kanthi para pimpinan agami Palestina. Minangka anggota pangadheg Gush Emunim, ia ngejabat minangka kepala rabi Tekoa ing Gisik Kulon. Ia dikenal amargi ngapromosike lan ngapimpin dialog antar-agami antarane Yahudi lan Arab, karo fokius ing panganggoan agami minangka alat lan sumber kanggo ngakui kamanungsaan lan martabat kabeh wong. Bebarengan karo jurnalis Palestina sing cedhak karo Hamas, Rabi Froman ngerancang prajanjian gencatan senjata antarane papréntahan Israel lan Hamas ing Lurung Gaza, sing diarani minangka Prajanjian Froman-Amayreh. Prajanjian kasebut didukung dening papréntahan Hamas, nanging ora entuk tanggapan rasmi saka papréntahan Israel.
Basa Melayu Kupang

Basa Melayu Kupang utawa basa Kupang iki dituturké ing Kutha Kupang, Atambua, Belu, kabupatén Timor Tengah Kidul, Timor Tengah Lor, Malaka lan sekubengé ing provinsi Nusa Tenggara Wétan. Akéh kosa tembung ing basa iki ana padhané karo kosa tembung basa Indonésia. Miturut Ethnologue, Jacob, lan Grimes basa iki éwoning basa Melayu Krèol, padha karo basa Basa Malayu Manado lan Basa Malayu Ambon. Panyatur basa iki ana 200.000 nganti 500.000 wong ing laladan mau. Basa Kupang kanggo basa lésan lan tulisan. Conto kang dadi basa tulisan iku ana ing kitab-kitab Injil kang diideraké ing kana. Nanging basa iki ora duwé sistem ortografi utawa sistem penulisan kang resmi. Miturut Grimes, sajarah munculé basa iki nalika ing abad 16 utawa sedurungé ing wewengkon Kupang akèh wong dagang saka mancanegara. Basa sambung rembug antara wong manca iku wis nganggo basa Melayu. Sabanjuré, wewengkon Kupang katekanan bangsa Èropa kaya dèné Portugis lan Walanda kang mèlu monopoli dagang. Amarga iku ing basa Kupang uga ana kosa tembung serapan saka basa Walanda lan Portugis.
Ing tabél isor iki conto tembung genti:
Basa Kupang nganggo tembung pun kanggo nandhaké darbèké kaya ing isor iki:
Indonesian Ulema Council

Indonesian Ulema Council (Indonesian: Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Arabic: مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي, abbreviated MUI) is Indonesia's top Islamic scholars' body. MUI was founded in Jakarta on 26 July 1975 during the New Order era. The council comprises many Indonesian Muslim groups including Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia LDII, and smaller groups such as Syarikat Islam, Perti, Al Washliyah, Mathla'ul Anwar, GUPPI, PTDI, DMI, and Al Ittihadiyyah.
The Ahlul Bait Indonesia (Shi'ite) and Jemaat Ahmadiyyah Indonesia (Ahmadiyya) were not accepted as members. In 2005, MUI released the fatwa to prohibit Ahmadiyya as deviant sect of Islam and lobbied the President to ban the expelled religious sect.
The government, at the creation of the MUI stated three broad goals for the MUI:
Beside the three goals, nonetheless, there were two specific agendas of MUI's establishment. First, it aimed to help Suharto in communism repudiation. Second, it was an umbrella organization for political Islam canalization.
Since the collapse of Suharto's regime in 1998, MUI has changed its approach in the state-religion relationship by envisioning a more active role to protect Muslim's interests while started a new position as a critical partner of the Indonesian government. The MUI, thus, acts as an interface between the Indonesian government and the Islamic communities. The changes in civil society after the fall of Suharto have both widened the role of the MUI and made it more complex. The MUI gives fatwas to the Islamic community; through this they dictate the general direction of Islamic life in Indonesia. Fatwa (or plural form Fatawa) represents Muslim's ethical response, legal interpretation, and contextual feedback on a particular social issue(s).
The MUI now has twelve commissions and ten divisions that work together in behalf of Muslim's interest through various responsibilities such as fatwa, education and leadership training, women and family, law and regulation, research and development, inter-religious engagement, international relations, economic betterment and many more. Each commissions is led by professional and Islamic scholars.
The MUI (particularly since the fall of Suharto) have given opinion and issued fatwas on a large variety of issues, from the role of the Indonesian Army in government to the public acceptability of the dancing of pop star Inul Daratista to the (sin of) deliberately burning forests to clear the land for growing crops.
An important function of MUI is to provide halal fatwa for products (including but not limited to foods, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and clothing).
MUI is a government funded organisation that acts independently but there have been examples of the MUI being asked to legitimise government policy. A particular example of this that caused friction within the MUI was request that the MUI support the government's birth control program. The government needed the support of the MUI and aspects of the program were objected to by many in religious circles.
Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council

The Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council (Indonesian: Dewan Da'wah Islamiyah Indonesia, abbreviated as DDII) is a Sunni Islamic organization in Indonesia which aimed at dawah (proselytizing). The organization is considered one of the most prominent dawah organisations in modern Indonesia. It is also noted for being the primary receiver (along with the LIPIA) of funding for Islamic activities in Indonesia from Saudi Arabia.
The DDII was founded in 1967 by Mohammad Natsir, a leading figure in the Indonesian independence movement, the former leader of the Masjumi Party and a leader of the Islamic revival in Indonesia and interaction with the Middle East. Following the disbanded Masyumi party, Natsir and other former members of the party met to create the DDII. According to Hasan Noorhaidi "from its inception" the DDII was the "Indonesian representative" of the Saudi-funded Muslim World League. The group sought closeness to Saudi as protection against the marginalization of Islamic politics by the pro-development, pro-modernization Suharto government.
According to the DDII, it is the main institution in Indonesia for distributing scholarships from the Saudi-funded Muslim World League to study in the Middle East. DDII has also works to encourage the translation of works by salafi scholars into Indonesian. DDII Cadres include Ahmad Faiz Asifuddin, Aunur Rafiq Ghufran and Chamsaha Sofwan (known now as Abu Nida). According to its website it has built and manages over 750 mosques, has a university level training programs for du’āt (preachers), teachers and rural development workers (known as Mohammad Natsir Institute for Dakwah in Tambun, Bekasi Regency), graduates of which are placed particularly in the remote and isolated regions.
DDII focuses on appealing to the lower middle class and urban poor promoting shariah law and Islamic ritual observance as a solution to societal ills, and according to one critic attacking "governmental corruption, Javanese mysticism, Muslim liberalism and the economic dominance of the Chinese" as symptoms of a larger conspiracy to Christianize Indonesia. In 2014, DDII was characterized with "strong anti-Shi‘a, anti-Christian, and anti-Ahmadiyah views" and "scripturally rigid" position on Islamic creed.
Speaker of the House of Representatives (Indonesia)

The Speaker of the House of Representatives, (Indonesian: Ketua Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, lit. 'Chairperson of the People's Representative Council'; Ketua DPR) is the presiding officer of the House of Representatives of Indonesia. The speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House of Representatives and is simultaneously the Council's presiding officer. The speakers also perform various other administrative and procedural functions.
The duties of the speaker have been determined on 22 October 2019 through the Decree of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia Number 34/DPR RI/I/2019-2020 concerning the Division of Duties of the Leaders of the DPR RI for the 2019-2024 Membership Period. The duties of the Speaker of the DPR RI are general in nature and cover all Coordination Fields, namely:
This is a list of speakers of the House of Representatives, the lower house of Indonesia:
Legend:
State University of Semarang

State University of Semarang (Indonesian: Universitas Negeri Semarang, commonly abbreviated as UNNES) is a public university in the city of Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.
Semarang State University (formerly known as Teachers' Training College) was established in 1965 in Semarang, the old town which is the provincial capital of Central Java. UNNES's six colleges educate around 21,000 students, some studying for diplomas, some for bachelor's degrees and some for postgraduate qualifications.
Semarang State University started with the establishment of institutions of teacher education over the SMTA.
Course BI and Course B-II Middelbaar Onderwijzer A Cursus (MO-A) and Middelbaar Onderwijzer B Cursus (MO-B) is an educational institution set up by the Dutch colonial government that aims to prepare teacher's SMTP and SMTA. Course MO MO-A and-B was held in Semarang until 1950. MO Course be Course BI-A and MO-B Course Course B-II made that held until 1960.
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (Guidance and Counseling) and High School Sports (STO), BI Course and Course B-II, were integrated into the University of Diponegoro on 1 January 1961, to become the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (Guidance and Counseling). In 1963, the Department of Physical Education which was originally part of the Course B-II was split into the High School Sports (STO), which stands alone under the Ministry of Sports.
There is the Teacher and the Science Education Institute (IKIP), Yogyakarta, Semarang branch IKIP IKIP Semarang Semarang.
Extension Course and IKIP Tegal, Semarang branch were founded in several places, both inside and outside the city of Semarang, to meet the aspirations of primary teachers, SMTP, and SMTA who want to continue studies teacher at the Teachers' Training College Semarang.
Integration of educational institutions and the Cultural Construction Updates (LP3K) and Tinggo School Sports (STO) was established by the Ministry of Education and Culture with the aim to relevance formal education in the villages.
Three petals of Lotus flower in red and white symbolize UNNES spirit in innovating to develop international university based on Pancasila, Indonesian Constitution, and Three Pillars of Higher Education. Wings in golden yellow with eight pieces of feather symbolize the dynamic of the university based on eight values of characters conservation: inspiration, humane, compassion, innovation, creative, sportive, honesty, and justice. The silhouette of Tugu Muda Monument in between the wings symbolizes the spirit of struggle and UNNES identity related to its location: Semarang. The symbol shows that UNNES will grow and develop locally, nationally, and internationally without leaving out its social context. UNNES and Universitas Negeri Semarang are written in blue symbolize the grandeur of UNNES as a house of science which develops civilization to bring out goodness to the world.
Ratu Bagus

Ratu Bagus (November 1949 - August 12, 2021) was an Indonesian guru based in Bali, who developed a technique of Shaking Meditation, which he called "Bio-energy Shaking Meditation." He was said to transmit healing energy through his touch and picture, induce spontaneous shaking and laughing in the recipients, as well as to release them from physical, emotional, mental and spiritual blocks. Ratu Bagus following in the world has grown to include many shaking groups in Europe and Australia as well as one group in the United States of America.
Miftachul Achyar

Miftachul Achyar (born 1953) is an Indonesian Islamic scholar.
Achyar was born in 1953 in East Java, Indonesia, as the ninth of the thirteen children of Abdul Ghoni. His father was a caretaker of the Akhlaq Rangkah Islamic Boarding School in Surabaya. Achyar was raised in a religious environment, and completed his education at several boarding schools such as: Tambak Beras Jombang Boarding School, Sidogiri Pasuruan Boarding School, and Lasem Boarding School. He also attended the religious assembly of Sayyid Muhammad bin Alawi al-Makki al-Maliki in Malang.
Achyar was appointed as Leader Syuriyah of PCNU Surabaya from 2000 until 2005, followed by Leader Syuriyah of PWNU East Java from 2007 until 2013, and was appointed again from 2013 until 2018. He was appointed as Vice Leader of Aam PBNU from 2018 until 2020, replacing Ma'ruf Amin who went for presidential campaign. He later was appointed as the leader of Indonesian Ulama Council, and was appointed as the leader of AAM PBNU from 2021 until 2026.
On 12 August 2021, Achyar was injured in a car accident at Semarang–Solo Toll Road where his car crashed into the back of truck. He was rushed to RSUD Salatiga where he underwent Rontgen and received treatment for his minor injury, along with another passenger. He later was discharged and went to his residence in Surabaya using an airplane.
Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim

Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim (born September 29, 1970) or better known as Gus Baha is a cleric from Rembang Regency, Central Java, who specializes in interpreting the quran.
He is the leader of Pondok Pesantren Tahfidzul Qur'an LP3IA, Narukan, Kragan, Rembang [id], since the death of his father, KH. Nursalim, in 2005. In 2022, he was appointed as one of the Rais Syuriyah (Leader of Supreme Council) of Nahdlatul Ulama along with several otherscholars including Nasaruddin Umar, Muhammad Cholil Nafis [id], Abdul Ghofur Maimoen [id].
Campus Dakwah Institute

Campus Dakwah Institute (Lembaga Dakwah Kampus, often abbreviated as LDK) is a collective term for a student organization in Indonesia aimed as a union for Muslim campus students as well as medium for proselytization of Islam (dawah). Most universities in Indonesia have their own LDK. In each campus, LDK can be different in its organization, in which different names are often employed, including Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa Islam (Islamic Student Activity Unit), Kerohanian Islam (Islamic Spirituality), Forum Studi Islam (Islamic Studies Forum), and Badan Kerohanian Islam (Islamic Spiritual Body).
LDK emerged during the 1980s as a body for the propagation of Islam at the universities, principally targeting students and the affiliates of academia, demographics which considered to be the strategic subjects for the societal changes from the perspective of their roles in the society. Its development can be traced back to the Soeharto regime's refusal of Masyumi Party's political participation, and the subsequent establishment of Dewan Dakwah Islamiyah Indonesia (DDII), an organization dedicated to Islamic propagation, by the former leader of Masyumi Party Mohammad Natsir. Penetration of DDII into the university campuses, primarily elite secular universities such as Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), University of Indonesia (UI), Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) and Gadjah Mada University (UGM) had initiated the formulation of LDK, with Jama'ah Shalahuddin of UGM was established as early as 1976. Through the course of the history of Islam in Indonesia, LDK has been considered an indirect source of the rapid development of Islam in the country in the late 20th century.
There are a number of inter-campus organization of LDKs, such as Indonesia Hospitality Forum of Campus Dakwah Institute (FSLDK Indonesia) and Coordinating Board of Campus Dakwah Institute (BKLDK).
LDK Hospitality Forum (FSLDK or FSLDK Indonesia) is an open forum for the LDK members to discuss the meta-issues regarding each of the LDK chapters. FSLDK, linking universities in Indonesia is open for every LDK member and they are entitled to join the group. The network is widespread throughout the archipelago, similarly to LDK. Currently, the membership counts 860. At the national level, there is FSLDKN, which operates as a directorial administration of the FSLDK throughout the country. FSLDKN aims to discuss the role of LDK in the national and international scope, and responsible for managing PUSKOMNAS (LDK National Center for Communication). At the regional level, there is FSKDKD which aims at reflecting the direction of FSLDKN, discussing the role of LDK at the local level, and responsible for managing PUSKOMDA (Pusat Komunikasi Daerah, the Central Communication Center). The agenda of FSLDK is increasingly becoming diverse, ranging from the assistance of local LDK chapters, management training, participation at the international symposium to disaster management.
Yamuna Sangarasivam

Yamuna Sangarasivam is a Sri Lankan-American dancer, academic and writer. She was well known for dancing with Michael Jackson during the shooting of the video song Black or White (1991). She works as a professor of Sociology & Anthropology at Nazareth University in New York. She also currently works as a director of the Women & Gender Studies Program at Nazareth College.
She was born and raised in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. Her father was of Singaporean-Ceylonese origin while her mother was from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. She pursued an interest in dancing at the age of six. She initially learned the classical dance, Bharatanatyam. She also learned the classical dance, Odissi under the guidance of Gangadhar Pradhan, while she was staying in Odisha for her studies. She also studied western classical piano and Tamil carnatic voice. She emigrated with her family members and settled in the United States when she was only nine years old. Prior to moving to the US permanently, she lived in Sri Lanka and North Borneo for some time.
Sangarasivam completed her Bachelor of Arts in Musicology and Piano in 1990 at the University of Minnesota. She pursued her master's degree in Anthropology and Ethnochoreology at the University of California in Los Angeles in 1992. She obtained her Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology at the Syracuse University in 2000.
She rose to prominence and limelight following her duet dance performance with iconic dancer Michael Jackson, which featured in the 1991 song Black or White. The song was eventually premiered in over 27 countries, targeting a wider audience range of 500 million. She received the opportunity to dance alongside Michael Jackson after being selected as one of the dancers amongst 3,000 participants at an audition conducted by Jackson himself, calling for ethnic and modern dancers for his single Black or White. Yamuna's duet with Jackson was shot at a location that brought the Los Angeles expressway to a standstill temporarily, barring private vehicles from entering the expressway in order to pave the way to film both Jackson and Yamuna with stunt drivers. The shooting took place for nearly 14 hours.
She has engaged in teaching and research on various fields including nationalism, terrorism, social conflict, cultural anthropology, women and gender studies, intersectionalities of race, class, gender, and sexuality. She published a bibliography titled Nationalism, Terrorism, Patriotism: A Speculative Ethnography of War (2021) which was based on the tactics of suicide bombings deployed by the militants representing the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam during its fight against the Government of Sri Lanka during the 26-year old Sri Lankan Civil War.
Rajini Selvanayagam

Kalasuri Rajini Selvanayagam (1951/1952 – 20 October 2023) was a veteran Sri Lankan traditional dancer. She was popularly dubbed as the Queen of Dance.
She was born and raised in Balangoda.
She founded her own dance academy "Chamara Kala Nikethanaya" in 1975. She ran the Chamara Kala Nikethanaya which was solely intended at building a value-based society enhancing culture, traditions, customs through the art of dancing.
She was well known as a professional teacher of dancing during her illustrious career and she gave so much emphasis on the propagation and sustenance of unique forms of Sri Lankan dance art. She was conferred with prestigious Kalasuri during the 2005 Sri Lankan national honours. She was also conferred with Kala Keerthi and Vishwa Kala Keerthi titles during her career.
She died on 20 October 2023 at the age of 71.
Silambu

Silambu (Tamil: சிலம்பு; Malayalam: ചിലമ്പ് /cil’əmpɨ̆/), or Gaggara (Tulu: ಗಗ್ಗರ), is an anklet worn and used in a variety of contexts on the Indian subcontinent.
According to Jeyaraj, the word 'silambu' is derived from the verb 'silambal', meaning 'to make sound'.
The silambu is a hollow anklet filled with beads that produce noise when the wearer moves or dances. It may be worn on the ankle or the leg. When worn on the leg, it is termed kālchilambu in Tamil.
Some varieties of silambu are made of copper and use iron balls to produce sound. Others are made of silver.
Nautch performers wore silambu. Kandyan dancers may wear silambu.
Shiva in his dancing pose nataraja sometimes wears a silambu on his ankle.
The epic Silappatikaram is structured around the character Kannaki's attempt to sell her silambu, and takes its title from the name of the anklet.
Silambu are sometimes placed on cows' legs during the Pongal festival. In Tamil Nadu, a traditional dance called kai silambu aatam is performed in temples during Amman festivals in which the dancers wear or hold silambus in their hands, which make noise when shaken.
Silambu is also used in ritual dance performances of southern India, such as the Theyyam of Malabar region and the Buta Kola of Tulu Nadu region.
United States Armed Forces nude photo scandal

In March 2017, a nude photo scandal in the United States Armed Forces was uncovered after it was reported by the Center for Investigative Reporting and The War Horse. In early reporting, it was believed that the scandal was contained to only the Marine Corps, but was subsequently revealed to involve the rest of the military.
In a closed Facebook group called "Marines United," which consisted of 30,000 active duty and retired members of the United States Armed Forces and British Royal Marines, hundreds of photos of female servicemembers from every branch of the military were distributed. The page included links to Dropbox and Google Drive with even more images. After the Facebook group was shut down, members of the original group were redirected to other groups. In a post on the original group page, a member wrote, "It would be hilarious if one of these FBI or (Naval Criminal Investigative Service) fucks found their wife on here." In one instance, a group called "Marines United 2" was created and had 3,000 members. In the MU2 group, a user identified as Garret Bailey wrote, "If you add the fuck that snitches… I will blast you on every goddamn page from here to fucking the sandbox and back. Understand this: I will not accept a request until I can see that the person has served. If they haven’t, DON’T FUCKING ADD THEM!!! If you see someone and know they are a fucking snitch, let an admin know. This shit should have never made it to the national fucking news."
The Naval Criminal Investigative Service launched an investigation into the incident.
Jim Mattis, the Secretary of Defense, said, "The purported actions of civilian and military personnel on social media websites, including some associated with the Marines United group and possibly others, represent egregious violations of the fundamental values we uphold at the Department of Defense." Robert Neller, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, said, "For anyone to target one of our Marines, online or otherwise, in an inappropriate manner, is distasteful and shows an absence of respect." Ronald L. Green, the Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps, said, "These negative behaviors are absolutely contrary to what we represent." Marine Corps spokesman Ryan Alvis thanked Thomas Brennan uncovering the scandal, saying, "It allowed us to take immediate action to have the explicit photos taken down and to prepare to support potential victims."
Senator Kirsten Gillibrand, a member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, called for a hearing on the incident. Representative Adam Smith, the ranking member of the House Armed Services Committee, called the online behavior "degrading, dangerous, and completely unacceptable."
Kejawen

Kejawén (Jawa Kejawén) mangrupa hiji kapercayaan anu diagem ku masarakat di pulo Jawa ku urang Jawa jeung séké sélér lian nu netep di Jawa. Hakékatna kejawén mangrupa hiji filsafat nuaya saprak urang Jawa (dina basa Jawa: Wong Jawa ꦮꦺꦴꦁꦗꦮ, Krama: Tiyang Jawi ꦠꦶꦪꦁꦗꦮꦶ) éta aya. Ieu hal bisa ditempo tina ajaranna anu universal jeung jeung salaasna raket jeung agama anu diagem sapopoéna. Buku jeung naskah kuna Kejawén teu ngécéskeun ajaranna salaku ajaran agama sanajan geus lajuning lakuna. Kejawén ogé teu bisa dipisahkeun tina agama sabab filsafat Kejawén didadasaran ku ajaran agama anu diagem ku filsuf Jawa.
Ti jaman baheula, urang Jawa ngaku manunggalna Alloh Swt. kalawan jadi inti ajaran Kejawén, nyaéta ngarahkeun manusa Sangkan Paraning Dumadhi (cahayana. "Ti mana datang jeung mulang téh ka Gusti") jeung ngawangun insan anu tuhu ka gusti : Manunggaling Kawula lan Gusthi ("Ngahijina manusa jeung Gusti"). Tina éta kamanunggalan , ajaran Kejawén miboga misi ieu di handap.
Kecap "Kejawén" asalna tina kecap "Jawa", nu hartina dina basa Indonesia mah "sagalana nu patali jeung adat istiadat atawa kapercayaan Jawa (Kajawaan)". Tata ngaran "kejawén" téh geus ilahar, sabab basa panganteur dina ibadah ngagunakeun basa Jawa. Dina konteks umum, Kejawén salaku falsafah nu geus tangtu ajaran utamana dina ngawangun Tatakrama (aturan hirup nu mulya).
Kejawén dina opini umum eusina ngeunaan seni, budaya, tradisi, ritual, sikep jeung filosofi urang Jawa. Kejawén miboga harti spiritualistis atawa spiritualistis séké sélér Jawa, laku olah spiritualis kejawén anu utama nyaéta Pasa (puasa) atawa Tapa (tapa).
Aya ratusan golongan kejawén anu neueulkeun ajaranana béda-béda. Ieu di handap sababaraha golongan anu miboga pangagem anu loba.
Golongan anu réaktif misalna anu tumut kana ajaran Sabdopalon anu hayang malikkeun agama urang Jawa kana Agama Budi anu dianggap salaku agama pituin nurutkeun Sabdapalon, atawa ngagem ajaran syékh Siti Jenar anu mangrupa ajaran/Aliran Islam kalayan dianggap sesat Wali Sanga.
Arit

Arit nyaéta hiji pakakas tatanén wujudna saperti péso ngeluk, mibanda gagang paragi panyepengan. Arit dipaké pikeun neukteuk jukut, jarami, jeung sajabana. Arit dijieun tina bahan beusi atawa waja. Péso arit anu ngeluk tur seuket wujudna aya ogé saperti ragaji biasana dipaké pikeun panén paré, gandum atawa ngarit jukut pikeun parab ingon-ingon.
Arit geus aya di mesopotamia saméméh jaman néolitik. Titinggal arit anu digali dina mangsa Epipaleolithic (18000-8000 SM) loba kapanggih di sabudeureun Israél . Di Yordania kapanggih deukeut Mt. Carmelgeus loba digali péso anu mangrupa wujud mimiti tina arit panjang kurang leuwih 2 cm tungtungna jiga ragaji, lolobana ngagunakeun bahan tina batu nu dimangpaatkeun pikeun panén rupa-rupa gandum umurna kurang leuwih 10.000 taun anu geus kaliwat. Ieu ogé nétélakeun dina mangsa harita geus bisa nyieun hiji pakakas anu kawilang rumit.
Arit geus méré pangaruh anu gedé pikeun révolusi jeung undakna hirup patani jeung kasuburan tatanénna, kiwari arit geus loba dipaké di daérah wétan pikeun ngarit jujukutan. Hasil panalungtikan dina mangsa kahirupan mimiti anu dihususkeun kana tatanén séréal di mesopotamia nétélakeun yén arit kacida pisan dibutuhkeun dina nyanghareupan usum panén utamana dinamangsa panén raya/babarengan sangkan gandum jeung tatanén séjéna bisa dipanén babaréngan pikeun nyingkahan karugian alatan buruk atawa di ganggu ku hama ogé hasil panén bisa diteundeun leuwih gancang atuh ka dituna mangsa mélak bisa geuwat di laksanakeun deui .
Dina terminologi arkéologi, arit digolongkeun kana barang anu mibanda gagang panyepengan umpamana di Jérman katelah (knofsichel) nyaéta mangrupa hiji tonjolan kaluar tina handapeun pésona dititénan mah mangpaatna pikeun ngajaga kasaimbangan arit dina mangsa dipaké. Di Éropa kuna beulah wétan, arit geus jadi barang biasa dina jaman parunggu, numutkeun pamangih arkéologi arit ogé geus jadi bagéan dina mekarna budaya Éropa jadi lambang hiji agama napel kana hiji artépak .
Dina budaya urang (Indonésia), arit sagigireun jadi pakakas tatanén, kasohor ogé mangrupa pakarang. Geus kakoncara suku Madura di mana arit disebut ogé celurit nu mangrupa pakarang anu jadi andelanna ieu pakarang anu mangrupa arit dina lagénda digunakeun ku hiji inohong Madura nelah Sakera. Masyarakat Madura ngeusian ieu pakarang maké khodam, nyaéta mangrupa mahluk gaib anu ngancik dina éta pakarang, ku jalan macakeun bacaan-bacaan do'a anu geus ditangtukeun.
Étém

Étém nyaéta pakakas sabangsa péso anu dijieun husus paranti ngala paré ranggeuyan.. Peperenian Urang Sunda. Bandung: Kiblat Buku Utama</ref> Étém atawa ketam nyaéta salah sahiji péso leutik anu dipaké keur ngala paré lamun keur panén, biasana paré nu geus diala téh langsung digebug. Masarakat Sunda umumna loba nu ngagunakeun étém téh keur ngala paré ti batan ngagunakeun péso atawa arit, sabab aya carita atawa sajarah karuhun anu dipercaya pisan ku masarakat Sunda ti bihari nepi ka kiwari. di antara sabagian potongan caritana nyaéta nalika paré panén, masarakat tradisional Sunda jeung Jawa ulah ngagunakeun arit atawa bedog pikeun ngala paré, maranéhna kudu ngagunakeun étém, péso leutik nu bisa disumputkeun dina dampal leungeun. Masarakat Sunda percaya yén déwi paré Nyi Pohaci Sanghyang Asri nu miboga jiwa hadé tur handap asor, bakal sieuneun ningali bedog jeung arit mah. Salian ti, éta kapercayaan yén déwi téh ngawujud dina paré nu kudu dipikahormat. Nepi ka ayeuna éta kapercayaan téh masih dipertahankeun ku masarakat, contona upacara tradisional panén paré masarakat Sunda nu disebut Sérén taun. Éta upacara téh masih kénéh dilaksanakeun di sababaraha tempat di daérah Sunda, di antarana Kuningan, Sukabumi, Banten, jeung Bogor.
Congkrang

Congkrang nyaéta pakakas tatanén anu dipaké keur ngabukbak atawa ngababad reuma jeung rungkun. Waktu ngabukbak reuma salian ti congkrang sok dipaké ogé arit, parang, bedog, pacul, koréd, jeung pakakas séjéna anu dibutuhkeun keur meresihan taneuh atawa lahan saméméh digarap (dipacul).
Congkrang dijieunna tina beusi, gagangna tina kai atawa aluminium. Wangunna kawas arit ngan seuseukeutna leuwih panjang jeung gedé kawas bedog ngan tungtungna ngeluk. Di daérah Lampung congkrang téh katelahna golok bengkok (candung kayok). Urang Nias nyebutna blewa, kagunaanna mah sarua keur ngababad atawa ngabukbak rungkun jeung jujukutan.
Gobéd

Gobéd téh kecap nu ilahar dikocapkeun ku urang Baduy nu maksudna satata jeung kecap rubak.Nu Sacara umum harti gobéd geus miheureut kana hiji pakarang sajinis arit ngan wangunna rubak. Nu mantak kitu, aya pakarang lian nu ngaranna sarua, nyaéta péso gobéd, péso nu rubak, sarta aya ragaji gobéd, ragaji rubak nu dipakéna teu bisa ku saurang.
Cangkorah

Cangkorah nyaéta wadah cai paranti nyipuh atawa nyéos beusi beunang meuleum sangkan leuwih teuas jeung seukeut, awét dipakéna henteu gampang mintul atawa miley, wangunna kawas lisung aya ogé anu buleud kawas émbér. Cangkorah salah sahiji pakakas utama di gosali sagigireun ububan (paranti muputan/niup keun angin), parapén (hawu anu pinuh ku areng panas), palu, capit, paron/panahan/(Anvil), jeung sajabana.
Cangkorah jeung gosali geus dipiwanoh dina mangsa anu kacida heubeulna tisaméméh abad ka-9 mibanda tempat anu penting pikeun nyieun pakakas jeung parabot anu dipikabutuh sapopoé saperti : Pager, péso, pakarang, pakakas tatanén umpamana: arit, parang, pacul, koréd, jeung loba deui pakakas atawa parabot anu dijieun atawa anu dihasilkeun tina bahan beusi .
Celurit

A Celurit or Clurit is generally a sickle (sometimes other variants include billhook) with a pronounced crescent-blade patterns which curves more than half a circle and a long handle, is widely used for agricultural purposes and also in Pencak Silat. When compared to the Arit, the Celurit is slightly larger.
Although the Celurit (or also generally known as Sabit) is widely used throughout the Indonesian archipelago for agricultural purposes, somehow it is strongly associated with the culture of the Madurese and is frequently used by them as well especially by the leaders who called themselves Sakera. It is possibly used as an agricultural tool in the Banyuwangi region on East Java and then conveyed to Madura.
Besides Arit and Sabit, other variations of the Celurit includes the Arek, Caluk, Calok, Bendo Arit (billhook), Bhiris and so on depending on the geographical area and curvature of the crescent blade.
Celurit is also a traditional weapon of the Madurese commonly used in Carok (meaning duel in Madurese language, 'fight in the name of honor'), a style of dueling unlike of those dueling style practiced in their neighbouring island in Sulawesi. This weapon is also considered as a legendary weapon often associated with the heroic (pre-independence) freedom fighter, Sakera. The Madurese community are known to attach khodam, a type of mythical creature to abide in the Celurit by a way of prayer before engaging in a carok. The most famous incident in recent years, a mass carok occurred on 13 July 2006 in Bujur Tengah village, Pamekasan Regency, East Java, Indonesia, resulting stabbing and killing of seven men and seriously injuring nine people.
Trenggalek Regency

Trenggalek Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Trenggalek; Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦼꦁꦒꦭꦺꦏ꧀) is a regency (kabupaten) in East Java, Indonesia.
This regency has an area of 1,261.40 km and had a population of 674,411 residents at the 2010 Census and 731,125 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 756,109. It is located on the southern shore of East Java and is surrounded by three regencies: Ponorogo Regency to the northwest; Pacitan Regency to the southwest; and Tulungagung Regency to the east. The administrative centre is located in the district (kecamatan) of Trenggalek.
Trenggalek is a regency that is located on the southern shore of Java island and has the following geographical boundaries:
The Regency is divided into fourteen districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their population totals from the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as of mid-2023. The table also includes the locations of the district headquarters, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 152 rural desa and 5 urban kelurahan - the latter all in Trenggalek (town) District), and its postal codes.
Notes: (a) including 11 small offshore islands. (b) including 23 small offshore islands. (c) including 23 small offshore islands. (d) comprising 5 urban kelurahan (Kelutan, Ngantru, Sumbergedong, Surodakan and Tamanan) and 10 desa. (e) except for the village of Banaran, which has a post code of 66318.
Agricultural produce in the area includes rice, corn, cassava, soya beans,and legumes. Plantations produce sugar cane, cloves, durians, salak, mangosteens, and rambutans. Industrial outputs include soy sauce, syrup, tapioca, anchovies, batik, snacks, cigarettes, sawmill, building materials, roofs, and tofu.
Spuaic shlaghdáin

Is clog athlasta istigh nó i ngar den béal é spuaic shlaghdáin. Galar víreasach é herpes simplex (Gréigis Ársa: ἕρπης - herpes, go liteartha. "téaltú") is cúis leo. Cruthaíonn an dá chineál víreas; víreas herpes simplex 1 (VHS-1) agus víreas herpes simplex 2 (VHS-2)spuaic.
Tugtar 'Mún Luchóige' uirthi freisin.
Ardeaglais San Anna

Eaglais i Sráid Donegall i mBéal Feirste is ea Ardeaglais San Anna (Ardeaglais Bhéal Feirste uaireanta, Béarla: St. Anne's Cathedral). Suíomh dhá dheoise de chuid Eaglais na hÉireann í, rud is annamh, agus mar sin tá dhá easpag lonnaithe inti. Is é Coinnire deoise amháin den dá cheann a bhfuil an ardeaglais mar shuíomh acu. An Dún agus an Droim Mhór an deoise eile. Cuireadh tús lena tógáil sa bhliain 1899 agus críochnaíodh í sa bhliain 1904.
Ba bheag nár leag buama Gearmánach an foirgneamh sa bhliain 1941. Sa bhliain 2007 cuireadh spuaic chruach dhosmálta 40 méadar ar airde ar an eaglais ar a dtugtar "Spuaic an Dóchais" agus a gcuirtear solas uirthi istoíche. Ceathrú na hArdeaglaise a thugtar ar an gceantar de Bhéal Feirste ina bhfuil an eaglais suite.
An tÁth Leacach

Is baile atá suite i gContae Luimnigh é an tÁth Leacach (Béarla: Athlacca). Tá an baile suite 20km ó dheas ó Chathair Luimnigh. Is í an fheirmeoireacht an rannóg is tábhachtaí de gheilleagar an cheantair, cé go bhfuil meath tagtha uirthi. Tá an eaglais Phrostasúnach agus an créamaraí, ach tá spuaic na heaglaise agus simléir an chréamaraí ina seasamh i gcónaí.