davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Lá Idirnáisiúnta Coimeádaithe Síochána na Náisiún Aontaithe

Is lá machnaimh agus cuimhnimh de chuid na Náisiún Aontaithe é Lá Idirnáisiúnta Coimeádaithe Síochána na Náisiún Aontaithe. Cuimhnímid ar na daoine a fuair bás i seirbhís na síochána.
Déanann an lá comóradh ar an dáta, in 1948, a chuaigh an chéad mhisean síochánaíochta de chuid na Náisiún Aontaithe i mbun feachtais sa Phalaistín.
Is réimse é ina bhfuil obair uasal déanta le fada ag comhaltaí d'Óglaigh na hÉireann. Is í Éire an t-aon náisiún a bhfuil coimeádaithe síochána go leanúnach aige in oibríochtaí tacaíochta síochána faoi shainordú na NA ó 1958 i leith.
Pádraig Ó hIrighile

Polaiteoir Éireannach, agus iar-Uachtarán ar Phoblacht na hÉireann ab ea an Dochtúir Pádraig Ó hIrighile nó Patrick Hillery (2 Bealtaine 1923 - 12 Aibreán 2008), an séú ceann a chaith dhá théarma san oifig idir na blianta 1976 agus 1990.
Dochtúir leighis a bhí ann, sula ndeachaigh sé leis an bpolaitíocht.
Rugadh Pádraig Ó hIrighile i Sráid na Cathrach i gContae an Chláir i 1923. Fuair sé a chuid oideachais sa bhunscoil áitiúil, i Sráid na Cathrach, i gColáiste Charraig an Tobair agus ansin i gColáiste na hOllscoile i mBaile Átha Cliath.
Fuair sé céimeanna onóracha san eolaíocht agus sa leigheas. Chuaigh sé go Quebec, áit ar dhein sé cúrsa iarchéime. Bhí an Fhraincis go flúirseach aige.
D'fhill sé ar ais go hÉirinn. Nuair a bhí sé ag obair in ospidéal i mBaile Átha Cliath, bhuail sé le dochtúir óg eile, a chéile ionúin Maedhb.
Thuig Éamonn De Valera go raibh cumas i bPádraig agus d'iarr sé air seasamh leis san Olltoghchán sa bhliain 1951. Toghadh iad mar Theachtaí Dála do dháilcheantar an Chláir. Bhí Pádraig ag obair mar dhochtúir ag an am.
Nuair a bhí Seán Lemass ina Thaoiseach, ceapadh Ó hIrighile ina Aire Oideachais i 1959. Ba cheannródaí é. Chuir sé tús le scrúdú cainte san Ard-Teistiméireacht mar shampla. Thug sé an cló rómhánach isteach, a mhaíodh Brian Cowen
Mhol sé airgead a chaitheamh ar oideachas. "Bhunaigh sé na scoileanna cuimsitheacha agus na coláistí réigiúnacha" a mhaíodh Brian Cowen nó leag sé na bunchlocha b'fhéidir.
Chuir sé tús freisin leis na duaiseanna Gaisce, a thugann aitheantas gach bliain do ghníomhartha gaisce na ngnáth-dhaoine.
Bhí Ó hIrighile i mbun na gcainteanna a thug Poblacht na hÉireann isteach i gComhphobal Eacnamaíochta na hEorpa i 1973. Bhíodh ceannairí polaitiúla, amhail Ó hIrighile, ag argóint gur san Eoraip a bhí todhchaí na hÉireann.
Bhí sé ina Leas-uachtarán ar Choimisiún na hEorpa agus ina Choimisinéir go dtí an bhliain 1976.
Insealbhaíodh Ó hIrighile mar Uachtarán na hÉireann ar an 3 Nollaig 1976. Chaith sé dhá thréimhse mar Uachtarán.
Comhairlíodh don Uachtarán Pádraig Ó hIrighile gan glacadh le cuireadh chun pictiúir de chuid ealaíontóirí as Toraigh a bhreithniú sa bhliain 1984.
Fuair sé bás tar éis tréimhse gearr tinnis sa bhliain 2008 in Ospís Naomh Proinsias, Ráth Eanaigh. Cuireadh Pádraig Ó hIrighile i Reilig Naomh Fionntain i dtuaisceart Bhaile Átha Cliath.
Éistibh, a lucht an tighe-se

Chum Iseabail Ní Mheic Cailéin, fl. 1500, an dán Éistibh, a lucht an tighe-se Bean uasal agus file i gcúirt Inbhir Aora a bhí inti. De réir dealraimh, ba bhean nó iníon Chailein í, céad iarla Earra Ghàidheal (†1493). Tá trí dhán an fhile seo caomhnaithe i Leabhar Deadhan Lios Móir: 'Atá fleasgach ar mo thí', Éistibh, a lucht an tighe-se agus 'Is mairg dá ngalar an grádh'.
De réir Thomas Owen Clancy tugann an t-údar le fios sa dán i bhfoirm maíomh gáirsiúil, go bhfuil méid agus cumhacht faoi leith ag bhod sagairt an tí cúirte. Tá amhras curtha i leith bharántúlacht an mhilleáin seo ar an fhile Iseabail, ach gan fhorais shubstaintiúla.
i Leabhar Deathan Lios Mòir
Estyf, a lucht in ti so, re skail na bod breour, dy hantyth mo chreissy cwt dane skallow dy screyf.
Da leneour bod braiwillycht dy vy sin amsyr royn, tak far in nvrd ċrawe so bod is ċaf mor roynne.
Bod mo haggird horistil ga ty go fad sessowy, otha keynn an quhallavir in reyf ata na vackann.
Atta reyf roiravyr an sin sne skail breg, nocha cholai choyravyr woa vod arriss es. Estyve.
Aistriúchán go Gàidhlig an lae inniu
Éistibh, a Luchd an tighe-se re scél na mbod brioghmhar do shanntaich mo chridhe-sa cuid dana scéalaibh do sgríobhadh.
Cé líonmhor bod bréagh-bhileach do bhí san aimsir romhainn tá aig fear an úird chrábhaidh seo bod as cho mór righinn.
Bod mo shagairt thuarasdail cé tá cho fada seasmhach o tha céin ní chualabhair an reabh atá ina mhacan.
Atá a riabh ro-reamhar an sin's ní h-é scéal bréagach nocha chuala cho-reamhar mhotha bhod arís. Éistibh.
Aistriúchán go Gaeilge an lae inniu
Éistigí, a lucht a' tí-se re scéal na mbod bríomhar do shantaigh mo chroí-sa cuid dena scéalaibh, scríobhfaidh mé.
Cé líonmhar boid bréa-bhileach do bhí san aimsir romhainn tá ag fear an óird chrábhaidh seo bod as comh mór righin.
Bod mo shagairt thuarastail cé comh fada seasmhach ó le cianaibh ní chualadar an cleas atá ina bhod
Tá a bhod ró-reamhar ansin is ní hé scéal bréagach níor chuala bod comh-reamhar níos móire roimhe. Éistigí.
Sinéad de Valera

Sinéad de Valera (née Ní Fhlannagáin; 3 June 1878 – 7 January 1975) was an Irish author of a number of children's books in both Irish and English. She was married to Taoiseach and third president of Ireland, Éamon de Valera.
She was born Jane O'Flanagan in Balbriggan, County Dublin. Her father, Laurence, was a carpenter and was a native of Kildare who moved to Balbriggan and married a local girl, Margaret Byrne. The couple emigrated to New York City, where their daughter Mary was born in 1871. The family returned to Balbriggan in 1873, and Sinéad was born there in 1878. She trained as a teacher and worked first in Edenderry, before taking up a post at a national school in Dorset Street, Dublin in around 1901. The 1901 census records her as 'Jane Flanagan', living with her parents and three siblings at 6 Richmond Cottages in Dublin.
In her spare time, she taught Irish at the Leinster College of the Gaelic League in Parnell Square. One of her Irish students was Éamon de Valera, then a teacher of mathematics. On 8 January 1910, they were married. Together they had five sons, Vivion, Éamon, Brian, Rúaidhrí and Terence (Terry), and two daughters, Máirín and Emer. On 9 February 1936, Brian, then aged twenty, was killed in a riding accident in the Phoenix Park.
Due to a combination of his imprisonment, political activities, and fundraising tours of the United States, the family saw relatively little of Éamon de Valera in the 1916 to 1923 period. He was also away from home frequently during the early years of his political career. Sinéad de Valera played little or no public role during her husband's fifty years in public life.
Sinéad de Valera wrote thirty-one books for children, in both English and Irish. Among her works were plays such as Cluichidhe na Gaedhilge (1935) and story collections such as The Emerald Ring and Other Irish Fairy Stories (1951), The Stolen Child and Other Stories (1961), The Four-leafed Shamrock (1964) and The Miser's Gold (1970).
Her husband was inaugurated as President of Ireland on 25 June 1959, two days after retiring as Taoiseach. They immediately took up residence at Áras an Uachtaráin. She remained unconvinced about her new role but conceded that "she should be happy if only for [her husband’s] sake".
Sinéad de Valera died on 7 January 1975, at the age of 96, the day before what would have been the de Valeras' sixty-fifth wedding anniversary. Éamon de Valera died just under eight months later, on 29 August 1975, aged 92. The couple are buried together, along with their son Brian, at Dublin's Glasnevin Cemetery.
Éamon de Valera, Jnr.

Éamon de Valera Jnr. (11 October 1913 – 9 December 1986) was an Irish obstetrician and gynaecologist. In 2021, RTÉ Investigates revealed that he had illegally and covertly transferred children from mothers in Magdalene asylums to childless couples.
Éamon was the third child of Sinéad (née Flanagan) and Éamon de Valera. His mother and father were school teachers. His father became an Irish revolutionary leader, Taoiseach and President of Ireland. As a young man, de Valera Jr. was strongly influenced by his father's close friend, Dr. Robert Farnan, a noted, wealthy gynaecologist and founder member of Fianna Fáil, who had sheltered his father when he was sought by the British authorities. Farnan mentored him and de Valera Jr. felt indebted to him thereafter. He attended the Christian Brothers primary school in Westland Row, Dublin, Presentation College, Bray, Blackrock College, and finally University College Dublin (UCD) where, in 1936, he gained a first-class honours degree. In 1944, he qualified as a doctor; in 1947, he was admitted to the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland.
Eamon married Sarah O'Doherty, from Carndonagh, County Donegal, in April 1941. They had two children, Éamon (1944) and Máire (1945). He worked at St.Luke's Hospital, the National Maternity Hospital, James Connolly Memorial Hospital and the Mater Hospital. He became Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at UCD in 1960. He was a guest lecturer in the US and Canada. In 1970, he was elected to the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, and shortly afterwards was made a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. He retired from UCD 1983 but continued as a consultant gynaecologist with the Mater Hospital. He was described as an outstanding academic and gynaecological surgeon.
In March 2021, the national Irish broadcaster, RTÉ, revealed in their programme RTÉ Investigates that de Valera Jr. was involved in the illegal provision of babies to childless couples over a few decades. He forged paperwork to facilitate these adoptions, organised bogus antenatal appointments for women who were not pregnant and the children's birth details were changed, resulting in falsified birth certificates. The babies came typically from young unmarried women who were socially stigmatised after becoming pregnant and sent to religious asylums; the babies were taken from them after birth.
In his private life, de Valera enjoyed fishing, tennis, music and nature. He died aged 73, survived by his wife and children.
Vivion de Valera

Vivion Laurence de Valera (13 December 1910 – 16 February 1982) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician, businessman and lawyer who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1945 to 1981.
He was the eldest child of Éamon de Valera and Sinéad de Valera. He was named after his paternal grandfather, Juan Vivion de Valera.
Born in Dublin in 1910, Vivion de Valera was educated at Blackrock College, University College Dublin (MSc, PhD) and King's Inns. While at UCD, he was auditor of the Literary and Historical Society. He was called to the Bar in 1937. After military service in the Cavalry Corps of the Army Reserve during The Emergency, de Valera retired from the army with the rank of Major. For this reason he was often referred to as Major de Valera, including in the Dáil reports.
In 1945, he embarked on a political career, being elected as a Fianna Fáil TD for Dublin North-West at a by-election following the resignation of Fianna Fáil TD Seán T. O'Kelly on his election as President of Ireland. He served in Dáil Éireann until 1981. He was a director of The Irish Press from 1932 until 1982 and managing director from 1951 until 1982.
Vivion de Valera died in Bray in 1982. He was also the uncle of former ministers and TDs Síle de Valera and Éamon Ó Cuív.
Prime Minister of Northern Ireland

The prime minister of Northern Ireland was the head of the Government of Northern Ireland between 1921 and 1972. No such office was provided for in the Government of Ireland Act 1920; however, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, as with governors-general in other Westminster systems such as in Canada, chose to appoint someone to head the executive even though no such post existed in statute law. The office-holder assumed the title prime minister to draw parallels with the prime minister of the United Kingdom. On the advice of the new prime minister, the lord lieutenant then created the Department of the Prime Minister. The office of Prime Minister of Northern Ireland was suspended in 1972 and then abolished in 1972, along with the contemporary government, when direct rule of Northern Ireland was transferred to London.
The Government of Ireland Act provided for the appointment of the executive committee of the Privy Council of Northern Ireland by the governor. No parliamentary vote was required. Nor, theoretically, was the executive committee and its prime minister responsible to the House of Commons of Northern Ireland. In reality the governor chose the leader of the party with a majority in the House to form a government. On each occasion this was the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party; such was the UUP's electoral dominance using both a simple plurality and for the first two elections, a proportional electoral system. All prime ministers of Northern Ireland were members of the Orange Order.
The prime minister's residence from 1920 until 1922 was Cabin Hill, later to become the junior school for Campbell College. After 1922 Stormont Castle was used, though some prime ministers chose to live in Stormont House, the unused residence of the Speaker of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland.
The new offices of first minister and deputy first minister were created by the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. In contrast with the Westminster-style system of the earlier Stormont government, the new Northern Ireland Executive operates on the principles of consociational democracy.
In 1974, Brian Faulkner was chosen to lead the Northern Ireland Executive not as Prime Minister of Northern Ireland but as Chief Executive of Northern Ireland.
Tim Pat Coogan

Timothy Patrick "Tim Pat" Coogan (born 22 April 1935) is an Irish journalist, writer and broadcaster. He served as editor of The Irish Press newspaper from 1968–87. He has been best known for such books as The IRA, Ireland Since the Rising and On the Blanket, and biographies of Michael Collins and Éamon de Valera.
Coogan's particular focus has been Ireland's nationalist/independence movement in the 20th century, a period of unprecedented political upheaval. He blames the Troubles in Northern Ireland on "Paisleyism".
Coogan was born in Monkstown, County Dublin in 1935, the first of three children born to Beatrice (née Toal) and Ned Coogan. Ned (sometimes referred to as "Eamonn Ó Cuagain"), a native of Kilkenny, was an Irish Republican Army volunteer during the War of Independence and later served as the first Deputy Commissioner of the newly established Garda Síochána, then a Fine Gael TD for the Kilkenny constituency. Beatrice Toal, the daughter of a policeman, was a Dublin socialite who was crowned Dublin's Civic Queen of Beauty in 1927. She wrote for the Evening Herald and took part in various productions in the Abbey Theatre and Radio Éireann. Coogan spent many summer holidays in the town of Castlecomer in County Kilkenny, his father's home town.
A former student of the Irish Christian Brothers in Dún Laoghaire and Belvedere College in Dublin, he spent most of his secondary studies in Blackrock College in Dublin.
In 2000, Irish writer and editor Ruth Dudley Edwards was awarded £25,000 damages and a public apology by the High Court in London against Coogan for factual errors in references to her in his book Wherever Green is Worn: the Story of the Irish Diaspora. In the book, Coogan had written that Dudley Edwards had "grovelled to and hypocritically ingratiated herself with the English establishment to further her writing career". He also alleged that Dudley Edwards "had abused the position of chairwoman of the British Association for Irish Studies (BAIS) by trying to impose her political views on it" and that her commission to write True Brits had been awarded because of political favouritism.
When Taoiseach Enda Kenny caused confusion following a speech at Béal na Bláth by incorrectly claiming Michael Collins had brought Lenin to Ireland, Coogan commented: "Those were the days when bishops were bishops and Lenin was a communist. How would that have gone down with the churchyard collections?"
In November 2012, for reasons that are uncertain, the United States embassy in Dublin refused to grant Coogan a visa to visit the U.S. As a result, a planned book tour for his book (The Famine Plot, England's role in Ireland's Greatest Tragedy) was cancelled. After representations to then Secretary of State Hillary Clinton by United States Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) and Congressman Peter T. King (R-NY), Coogan received his visa.
Coogan has been criticised by the Irish historians Liam Kennedy and Diarmaid Ferriter, as well as Cormac Ó Gráda, for a supposed lack of thoroughness in his research and bias:
Irish presidential election

The Irish presidential election determines who serves as the President of Ireland, the head of state of Ireland. The last election took place on 26 October 2018. Where only one candidate is nominated, that candidate is declared elected without a ballot; this has occurred on six occasions.
Presidential elections are conducted in line with Article 12 of the Constitution of Ireland and under the Presidential Elections Act 1993, as amended. An election is ordinarily held not more than 60 days before the scheduled ending of the incumbent's seven-year term of office. In case of a casual vacancy (by death, resignation or removal from office) an election is held within 60 days. The dates during which candidates may be nominated and the date of the election are fixed by an order made by the Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage.
All Irish citizens may vote in presidential elections if they have the right to vote in elections to Dáil Éireann (the lower house of the Oireachtas or parliament). The voting age is eighteen. The Dáil electoral register is based on residency within a geographical Dáil constituency, so that those living abroad may not vote, except diplomats and military posted overseas. Resident UK citizens may vote in Dáil elections but not presidential elections. A proposed constitutional amendment would give non-resident citizens a vote in presidential elections.
Elections are conducted by means of the instant-runoff voting, which is the single-winner analogue of the single transferable vote used in other Irish elections. The constitution calls the system "proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote", although a single-seat election cannot be proportional.
To qualify, candidates must:
The election order will declare the last day on which nominations may be received. If a member of the Oireachtas or a County or City council nominate more than one candidate, only the first nomination paper received from them will be deemed valid.
If there is only a single candidate they will be deemed elected without a poll. No one may serve as President for more than two terms.
The spending limits in a Presidential election were reduced in 2011. The limit is €750,000 (was €1.3 million) and the amount a candidate can be reimbursed from the State is €200,000 (was €260,000). A candidate who is elected or who receives in excess of one quarter of the quota can seek reimbursement of their expenses.
The value of donations that may be accepted by candidates, their election agents and third parties at a presidential election is governed by law. In the case of candidates and presidential election agents, the maximum donation that may be accepted from a person (or a body) in a particular year cannot exceed €2,539. In the case of a third party, the maximum donation that may be accepted cannot exceed €6,348. The acceptance of donations from non-Irish citizens residing abroad is prohibited.
Table legend: Oir = Oireachtas CC = County or city council
Election dates in italics indicate dates which were set in the ministerial order, but where no election was held as only one candidate had been nominated.
Leader of the Opposition (Ireland)

The leader of the opposition (Irish: Ceannaire an Fhreasúra) in Ireland is a de facto term sometimes used to describe the politician who leads the largest party in the parliamentary opposition in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas (the Irish parliament). In the Dáil, the leader of the opposition sits on the right-hand side of the Ceann Comhairle and directly opposite the Taoiseach. The role is not an official one and is not recognised in the Irish constitution, nor in legislation.
The leader of the opposition is, by convention, the leader of the largest political party in the Dáil that is not in government. Opposition leaders leading a political party with five members or more have full speaking rights under Dáil standing orders; smaller parties and independent politicians are allowed to speak less often.
Historically the two largest parties have nearly always been Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, and so the position of leader of the opposition has alternated between them. However, immediately following Irish independence from the UK in 1922, the leader of the Labour Party acted as leader of the opposition as Sinn Féin, and later Fianna Fáil, refused to take their seats in Dáil Éireann. After the 2011 general election Fine Gael became the largest party in Dáil Éireann and the Labour Party for the first time became the second largest. However, since Labour and Fine Gael entered a coalition government, the third largest party, Fianna Fáil, led the opposition in the 31st Dáil.
To date there have been 18 Opposition Leaders, 10 of whom have served terms as Taoiseach. The leader of the opposition as of 2024 is Mary Lou McDonald of Sinn Féin, following the formation of a government of Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael and the Green Party on 27 June 2020. She is the first female Irish opposition leader and the second to come from a party other than Fianna Fáil or Fine Gael, following Labour Party's Thomas Johnson in 1927.
Achtan inion Olc Acha

Achtan, fl. c. 1st-2nd centuries AD, mother of Cormac mac Airt.
In the Irish saga, Cath Maige Mucrama, Achtan is named as the daughter of Olc Acha of the Crich Óic Bethra, near what is now Clarenbridge, County Galway. The night before the Battle of Mag Mucrama, Art mac Cuinn he was a guest of Olc Acha, who asked him how many children he had. To ensure the survival of his bloodline in case of his death, Olc Acha proposed Art sleep with Achtan and conceive a son.
Achtan gave birth to Cormac mac Airt, ancestor of the Connachta, making her ancestor of Irish dynasties such as Uí Fiachrach, Uí Briúin, Uí Ailello, Muintir Murchada. Families descended from these dynasties include MacDermot, O'Conor, Ó Cléirigh, O'Flaherty, O'Dowd, O'Shaughnessy, McGivergan and O Hynes.
The name Connacht for this era is an anachronism. The Connachta, after whom the province is named, were said to have been the descendants of Conn Cétchathach, who is supposed to have lived several centuries later. Later stories use the name Cóiced Ol nEchmacht as an earlier name for the province of Connacht to get around this problem. The chronology of early Irish historical tradition is an artificial attempt by Christian monks to synchronise native traditions with classical and biblical history.
Elizabeth Sugrue

Elizabeth "Liz" Sugrue (Irish: Éilis Uí Shiochrú; c. 1740/1750 – 1807), also known as Lady Betty, was an Irish executioner. A minor historical character, she remains a well-known figure in popular culture.
Born around 1750, Sugrue was left destitute after the death of her farmer husband. Evicted from her home, she set off with her two children on the long walk to the town of Roscommon. On the way, her younger child died of starvation and exposure, leaving only the elder, Pádraig.
According to William Wilde (1815–1876), who collected stories about her from locals, Elizabeth had a "violent temper" and Pádraig often threatened to leave home. Elizabeth begged him to stay, but in April 1775, following particularly harsh treatment, he departed; some sources claim he enlisted in the British Army, others he emigrated to British North America and joined the Continental Army.
After the departure of her son, Elizabeth became a recluse, taking in lodgers for a few pennies a night. She heard less and less from her son as time passed, and became increasingly bitter.
Supposedly, a man came to stay at her house in 1789 and she murdered him with the intention of stealing his possessions. On searching his possessions, she discovered that he was in fact her long-lost son. She is said to have lost her mind with despair. Her crime was discovered and she was arrested, convicted and sentenced to death. She was held in the gaol in the market square in Roscommon town.
On the day her death sentence was due to be executed, twenty-five others were also due to be hanged, including sheep and cattle thieves and ‘Whiteboys’, young men who tore down fences and hedges surrounding what had once been common land. On the day of her hanging, the hangman was ill. Betty volunteered to hang all of the others in exchange for her life being spared, allegedly after three others refused. She lived in the prison thereafter, carrying out executions and floggings, including a number of rebels executed during the 1798 Rebellion. She was known to draw portraits of the men and women she hanged on the wall of her lodgings with charcoal.
She was not the first hangwoman in Ireland, however; an unidentified woman hanged two men for murder on 13 November 1782 at Kilmainham. The men were also quartered. The sheriff received abuse for making a hangman of a woman.
In 1802, her own sentence was commuted, in recognition of her service to "the safety of the public".
Elizabeth died in 1807 and was buried in an unmarked grave inside the walls of Roscommon Gaol. The account held in the National Folklore Collection claims she was murdered by a prisoner.
In 1884, an article on her written by Charlotte O'Conor Eccles appeared in the Weekly Irish Times. She is the centrepiece of a narrative poem by Áine Miller, titled "Betty Sugrue - Hangwoman; The Woman From Hell", and the main character in Declan Donnellan's 1989 play Lady Betty.
In 2021, a short animated film Lady Betty was produced by Irish production company Whackala. It was directed by Paul McGrath and starred Colm Meaney and David Pearse.
Portrait of Lady Maria Conyngham

Portrait of Lady Maria Conyngham is an 1825 portrait painting by the British artist Sir Thomas Lawrence. It depicts Maria Conyingham, the younger of two daughters of the Anglo-Irish aristocrat Henry Conyngham, 1st Marquess Conyngham and his wife Elizabeth. Her mother was the mistress of George IV from 1820.
Thomas Lawrence was the leading portraitist of the Regency era and President of the Royal Academy. He was commissioned to point portraits of the family. At the time of the Coronation of George IV in 1821, a portrait Maria's mother was painted by Lawrence and hung at the family's Irish residence Slane Castle. His 1823 portrait of Maria's brother Francis appeared the Summer Exhibition at Somerset House. George was emotionally close to all the Conyngham family, but Maria was a particular favourite of his.
Maria was around fourteen when Lawrence painted her. He includes a pet dog on the left of the picture which is less formal than the paintings of her mother and sister Elizabeth, although all three are dressed in white. George paid the artist £210 for the work. It was hung in the bedroom at the St James's Palace along with Lawrence's painting of her mother and his Portrait of Princess Sophia the king's sister. In 1832 she married William Somerville. The painting is today in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, having been acquired in 1955.
Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army

Several people are reported to have served as Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army (Irish: Ceann Foirne Óglaigh na hÉireann) in the organisations bearing that name. Due to the clandestine nature of these organisations, this list is not definitive.
From this point on, this lineage diverts to Chief of Staff of the Defence Forces
a. Chairman of the Resident Executive
At an IRA General Army Convention held at Knockvicar House in Boyle, County Roscommon in December 1969, the IRA split into two factions, the majority Official IRA and the minority Provisional IRA.
a. Some noted Irish and British historians, including Ed Moloney, author of A Secret History of the IRA, have claimed that Gerry Adams has been part of the IRA leadership. Adams has always denied IRA membership, let alone being chief of staff.
b. Although he admitted in his lifetime to IRA membership, he denied ever being Chief of Staff
a. Hanley and Millar (2010) wrote: Goulding was "replaced by Garland after an Army Council vote in summer 1976. Long dismissive of the IRA's titles and formal military structure, Garland was reluctant to adopt the title of Chief of Staff; but he was now undoubtedly in charge".
Свето Богоявление (Кръшно)

„Свето Богоявление“ е православна църква в село Кръшно, община Търговище. Изградена е през 1885 г. Тя е част от Поповска духовна околия, Русенска епархия на Българската православна църква. Със статус на действащ храм само на големи религиозни празници.
Храмът е изграден през 1885 г.
На 4 октомври 2015 г. в храма отслужва русенският митрополит Наум по повод 150-годишнината от построяването му. На архиерея съслужат ик. Валентин Лазаров (архиерейски наместник за Поповска духовна околия), прот. Цветан Генков (енорийски свещеник) и дякон Валери Василев.
На 17 януари 2019 г. (Антоновден) в храма е отслужена литургия от русенския митрополит Наум. На архиерея съслужат ст. ик. Валентин Лазаров (архиерейски наместник за Поповска духовна околия), прот. Цветан Генков (енорийски свещеник) и дякон Росен Георгиев.
На 15 януари 2022 г. русенският митрополит Наум отслужва литургия заедно със ст. ик. Валентин Лазаров (архиерейски наместник за Поповска духовна околия), свещ. Огнян Иванов (енорийски свещеник) и дякон Росен Георгиев.
Радовци (област Габрово)

Радовци е село в Северна България. То се намира в община Дряново, област Габрово.
Село Радовци се намира в планински район.
Преброяване на населението през 2011 г.
Численост и дял на етническите групи според преброяването на населението през 2011 г.:
Черквата „Свето Богоявление“ е построена през 1868 година. Архитектурата на черквата е различна от класическия тип кръстокуполни църкви. Тя впечатлява с външния вид на балканджийска къща, адаптирана по-късно за черква с построяването на външна абсида за олтар, съчетана с килийно училище на втория етаж.
Папамадзарева къща

Папамадзаровата къща (на гръцки: Αρχοντικό Παπαμαντζάρη) е възрожденска къща в град Костур, Гърция.
Къщата е разположена в южната традиционна махала Долца (Долцо) на улица „Граматикос Папамадзарис“ № 7, над ъгъла на полуострова, известен като Ставрос (Кръст), тъй като от там се хвърля кръста на Богоявление. Къщата е двуетажна и е в лошо състояние.
Антиох IV Епифан

Антиох IV Епифан („Прочут“, гр. Αντίοχος Επιφανής, род. 215; †164 г. пр. Хр.), нарекъл се също и ΘΕΟΣ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΗΣ, (Theos Epiphanes – „Божествено Въплъщение“), е сирийски цар от династията на Селевкидите.
Антиох IV е син на Антиох III Велики и Лаодика III. След битката при Магнезия (190 г. пр. Хр.), в която баща му Антиох III бил победен от римляните, синът му Антиох е бил взет в плен и е живял 14 години в Рим, преди римския сенат да му даде съгласието си да стане цар. Времето на неговото царуване било от 175 до 164 г. пр. Хр..
След смъртта на брат му Селевк IV Филопатор през 175 г. пр.н.е. той е допуснат да управлява преди племенника си Деметрий I Сотер със съгласието на Рим. Антиох IV се опитвал да реформира армията по римски образец и да възроди силата на Александровото царство, но бил запомнен повече със своята жестокост и ексцентрични прояви, отколкото с качествата му на държавник и военачалник. Заради това неговите съвременници го нарекли с прозвището Epimenes, т.е. „безумния“.
Антиох IV води войни с Птолемеев Египет (Шеста сирийска война, 169/8 пр.н.е.); атакувайки превантивно през 170 г. пр. Хр. той пленява Птолемей VI, но страхувайки се от реакцията на Рим той оставя Птолемей VI на трона, без да успее да контролира политиката на Египет. През 168 г. пр. Хр. Антиох IV напада втори път и почти превзема Делтата на Нил, но е спрян от римския пратеник Гай Попилий Ленат, който му връчва ултиматум. Пред заплахата от война с Рим Антиох IV сключва примирие и се оттегля.
През управлението си Антиох IV забранява юдаизма. Политиката му е съпроводена с множество репресии, гонения и показни светотатства, като например заколване на свиня в Йерусалимския храм, превърнат в храм на Зевс. През 168/7 пр.н.е. в Йерусалим избухва бунт против налаганата от Антиох IV насилствена елинизация на евреите. След 165 пр.н.е. той се бори с голяма жестокост срещу въстаналите Макавеи в Юдея.
През последните си години Антиох IV е принуден да воюва срещу армиите на Партия, нападащи източните граници, но в 164/3 пр.н.е. умира по време на похода. Наследен е от малолетния си син Антиох V Евпатор.
Антиох IV след възкачването си се жени за сестра си Лаодика IV, преди това жена на брат му Селевк IV. Има дъщери: Лаодика VI, Лаодика (съпруга на Митридат III) и синове: Антиох V Евпатор и Александър I Балас (самозванец или нелегитимен).
Антиох XI Епифан

Антиох XI Епифан Филаделф, е владетел от династията на Селевкидите, втори син на Антиох VIII Грюпос и Трифаена. Управлява около две години (95 – 92 пр.н.е.)
Антиох XI претендира за властта в Сирия заедно с брат си Филип I Филаделф, след като през 95 пр.н.е. Селевк VI Епифан е прогонен и убит в Киликия от братовчед си Антиох X Еузеб.
Антиох XI воюва срещу Антиох X Еузеб, но се удавя в река Оронт при бягство след неуспешнен опит да окупира Антиохия (92 пр.н.е.).
Селевк VI Епифан

Селевк VI Епифан е владетел от династията на Селевкидите, най-възрастният син на Антиох VIII Грюпос и Трифаена. Управлява през 96 – 95 пр.н.е.
Селевк VI наследява баща си в Сирия през 96 пр.н.е. и убива в битка неговият съперник, чичо си Антиох IX Кизикен. В следващата година Антиох X Еузеб, син на убития Антиох IX, въстава в Коилесирия срещу Селевк VI. Антиох X побеждава Селевк VI и го прогонва в Киликия, където местните жители скоро вдигат бунт и убиват детронирания владетел (през 94 или 93 пр.н.е.), предизвикани от прахосничеството на двора му.
След смъртта на Селевк VI в Сирийското царство продължила войната за наследството на трона между Антиох X и братята Антиох XI Епифан, Филип I Филаделф и Деметрий III Еукер.
Гай Юний Антиох Епифан

Гай Юний Антиох Епифан (на гръцки: ο Γαίος Ιούλιος Αρχέλαος Αντίοχος Επιφανής; на латински: Gaius Julius Archelaus Antiochus Epiphanes; * 38; † 92, Атина) е гръцки принц.
Той е първороден син на Антиох IV (* 17; † сл. 72), последният цар на Комагена, и царица Юлия Йотапа I. Брат е на Калиник и Юлия Йотапа II.
Баща му го сгодява през 43 г. за Друзила (дъщеря на Ирод Агрипа I), но Гай не се обрязва и годежът му е развален. Епифан се жени през 64 г. за Клавдия Капитолина, египетска гъркиня, дъщеря на астролога Тиберий Клавдий Балбил (префект на Египет 56 г.). Той е баща на прочутия атински гражданин Гай Юлий Филопап (* 65, Беса, Атика; † 116), суфектконсул 109 г., и на Юлия Балбила (* 72, Рим; † сл. 130), която е дворцова поетеса и приятелка на император Адриан и съпругата му Вибия Сабина.
През 70 г. баща му, който подкрепя Веспасиан и е направен на васален крал, го изпраща като командир на войската да помага на Тит при обсадата на Йерусалим.
Баща му е свален през 72 г., след 34 години царуване, от управителя на провинция Сирия Луций Юний Цезений Пет заради предполагаема конспирация с партите и Комагена след това е присъединена през 74 г. към провинция Сирия. Епифан и Калиник бягат в Партия и в Рим, където са посрещнати с голяма чест от Веспасиан. Баща му отива в Лакония в Спарта и след това Веспасиан го завежда в Рим, където живее при сина си и се ползва с добро име.
Епифан умира през 92 г. в Атина. Съпругата му се връща в Александрия, Египет, където се омъжва през 94 – 98 г. за Марк Юний Руф (префект на Египет 98 г.) и той става доведен баща на децата им.
Чернодъб

Чернодъб е село в Южна България. То се намира в община Свиленград, област Хасково.
Селцето се намира на 13 километра от Свиленград в посока село Капитан Андреево, което е граница със съседна Турция.
До 1934 година името на селото е Кара Хъдър.
В селцето се намира природен извор на вода който по нищо не отстъпва на познатите ни минерални извори.
Всяка година на 1 май по традиция се прави събор в селото, на който присъстват близки и познати на живущите в селото и традиционно се сервира агнешко, приготвено в пещ, направена от кирпич по стар български обичай.
Костадинов Костадинов (учен)
Кръшно

Кръшно е село в Североизточна България. То се намира в община Търговище, област Търговище. Населението му според преброяването през 2011 г. е 240 жители, от които 144 турци (60,00%), 78 българи (32,50%) и 11 цигани (4,58%). В същото време, според оценки мнозинството от населението е от цигански произход.
Селото е разположено в Източната Дунавска равнина, на около 220 – 240 метра надморска височина. Отстои на 25 километра от град Търговище и се намира между селата Дралфа и Маково.
Преди да се преименува селото се е наричало Кьосе, и е било почти изцяло с турско население. Село Кръшно датира от 1882 година. След Освобождението на България там се заселват много българи от селата на Габровска и Дряновска околия – от Ганчовец и Българенете от Руня и Русиновци, Игнатовци, Радовци и околиите, Кукля и Върбановци. Основната причина да тръгнат от Балкана и да се заселят в Североизточна България е търсенето на повече обработваема земя.
През 1885 г. в селото е изградена православната църква „Свето Богоявление“.
Численост на населението според преброяванията през годините:
Според преброяването на населението през 1880 г. в селото има 558 жители, от които 554 турци (99,28%) и 4 българи (0,71%).
Численост и дял на етническите групи според преброяването на населението през 2011 г.:
Родени в Кръшно са:
Празници на Българската православна църква – Българска патриаршия

Празничните богослужения в манастирите на Българската православна църква – Българска патриаршия се извършват според Йерусалимския типик. Богослужението в енорийските храмове на БПЦ-БП се извършва според Синодалния типик на БПЦ от 1980 г., който се основава на издадения от Светия синод типик през 1890 година, съобразен с Цариградския патриаршески типик от 1969 г.
Селевкиди

Селевкидите са елинистична династия, зародила се след смъртта на Александър Македонски (323 г. пр.н.е.). За нейна и на управляваното от нея Селевкидско царство начална дата се счита 312 пр.н.е., а основателят й е древномакедонският генерал и диадох Селевк I Никатор, който през 305 пр.н.е. взема, както други диадохи, царска титла, а преди това е сатрап. Той основава резиденцията си Селевкия на Тигър и една от елинистичните държави в Близкия изток, наречена Царство на Селевкидите (на старогръцки: Σελεύκεια, Seleúkeia), което управлява до 281 пр.н.е.
Отначало държавата на Селевкидите е най-голямата елинистична държава и обхваща (с изключение на Египет) територията владяна преди от Персийската империя на Ахеменидите, достигайки до долината на река Инд. Тя включва Палестина, Месопотамия, Вавилония, Мидия, Персия и Бактрия и други области. Селевкидските царе се опитват да елинизират тези територии, като прокарват интензивна заселническа политика. Основаването на многобройни градове цели да привлече гръцки заселници, които да заздравят царството чрез венец от военни лагери и гръцки културни центрове. Но с времето Селевкидското царство е подложено на многобройни центробежни сили. Още в средата на III в. пр.н.е. се отделят Гръко-бактриийското и Партското царства. Селевкидите водят ожесточена и кървава война срещу Птолемеите, която завършва без резултат. В Мала Азия скоро се откъсват редица области под властта на местни династии (Галатия, Пергамон и др.) Във Римско-сирийската война (192 – 188 пр.н.е.) сирийското Селевкидско царство на Антиох III Велики е победено от Римската република. С Мирния договор от Апамея (188 пр.н.е. ) Селевкидите са прогонени от Мала Азия и накрая владенията им остават само в рамките на Сирия.
След смъртта на Антиох VII Селевкидското царство е от 129 до 63 пр.н.е. васал на Египет и Рим. През 83 пр.н.е. арменският цар Тигран Велики (83 – 69) завладява Сирия. През 69 пр.н.е. Антиох XIII Азиатик (69 – 64), синът на Антиох X (95 – 83), от Селевкидите е поставен като клиент-цар в Сирия. Династията остава на власт до 63 пр.н.е., когато римският генерал Помпей Велики изгонва Филип II Филоромей (65 – 63), последният цар от Селевкидите, син на Филип I (92 – 83), и образува Римската провинция Сирия. Западно от река Ефрат приемник на Селевкидите става Римската република, източно от нея – Партия.
Бръшлен

Бръ̀шлен е село в Северна България. То се намира в община Сливо поле, област Русе.
Селото се намира на 14 км от Сливо поле и на 38 км от Русе.
През 2005 година територията на селото влиза в проект за така наречените „влажни зони“. Целта е отново да се наводнят отводнените преди години ниви в близост до река Дунав и по този начин да се превърнат в местообитание на много птици. Влажната зона обхваща територията на блатото Калимок и Бръшлен.
Основано е от преселници от Еленския балкан. Преди около 200 години човек на име Никола се заселил на територията на днешното село. Гонен от турска потеря и обвинен за убийство на турски управник, той стига дотук, където основава селото. Много години след това след ремонт в черквата са открити мощите му.
Селото е с преселници и от Боженци, махала Кметовци. На път за Бесарабия около 1840 година те са спрени от чифликчията в Кютюкли (сега Цар Самуил).
Името Бръшлен идва от многото бръшлян, провиснал в миналото по вековни брястове с многобройни щъркелови гнезда. По времето на Ньойския договор границата с Румъния минава до селото. Сградата на митницата е запазена.
След 1944 година в землището е изградена напоителна система. Част от отводнителните канали, датиращи от времето на римляните, се използват и в съвременността.
Към читалището в селото има четири групи: „Бръшленски баби“, „Бръшленска китка“, „Коледарска група“ и ДТС „Хоп-Троп“. Самодейците към читалището са над 40, което е много като се има предвид, че населението на селото е около 300 души. Групите към читалището празнуват всеки един празник през годината.
Ден на Европа

Ден на Европа е посветен на мира и обединението в Европа. Има два отделни посочени дни на Европа: 5 май за Съвета на Европа, и 9 май за Европейския съюз (ЕС). Вторият е познат също като Деня на Шуман, възпоменавайки Декларацията на Шуман на френския министър Робер Шуман.
Денят на Съвета на Европа отразява неговото основаване през 1949 г., докато Денят на Европейския съюз отпразнува деня, в който е било предложено създаването на предшественика на ЕС – Европейската общност за въглища и стомана – през 1950 г. Денят на Европа е един от европейските символи, които насърчават единството между европейците.
Съветът на Европа е основан на 5 май 1949 г. и по тази причина той избира този ден за свой празник, като определя деня за почивен през 1964 г. През 1985 г. Европейските общности, които по-късно се превръщат в Европейски съюз, възприемат европейските символи на Съвета на Европа, като знамето на Европа и Деня на Европа. Въпреки това, лидерите на Общността решават да празнуват своя Ден на Европа на 9 май, в памет на Декларацията на Шуман. В своя реч на 9 май 1950 г. в Париж Робер Шуман (френски външен министър по това време) споделя своята идея за нова форма на политическо сътрудничество в Европа, която да направи войната между европейските народи немислима. Неговата идея е да се създаде европейска институция, която да обедини и управлява производството на френските и западногерманските въглища и стомана. Само година по-късно е подписан договорът за създаване на подобна институция. Предложението на Шуман се счита за началото на това, което днес наричаме Европейски съюз.
Европейският парламент официално определя 9 май като почивен ден през октомври 2008 г.
9 май се чества в различни форми в повечето държави - членки на ЕС и кандидат-членки на ЕС, като Турция. Поради политическия характер на този ден, той се използва като възможност да се информират хората за ЕС и да се говори в подкрепа на европейската интеграция. Знамето, като друг символ, има важна роля в честванията. Въпреки че 9 май е по-популярен, тъй като се чества в ЕС, 5 май също все още се празнува от някои европейци, поради факта, че Съвета на Европа има важна роля при защитата на човешките права, парламентарната демокрация, и законността. За разлика от това, Декларацията на Шуман просто предлага обединяването на френските и западногерманските въглища и стомана.
От 2023 г. насам Украйна, чества Деня на Европа на 9 май.
5 май съвпада с Деня на Освобождението в Дания и Нидерландия, когато германските войски, намиращи се там, и тези, в Северна Германия, се предават през 1945 г. 9 май съвпада с навечерието на нахлуването на Германия в Нидерландия, Белгия и Франция. Също така 9 май съвпада с Деня на победата, краят на Втората световна война в Европа, който се чества в бившия Съветски съюз и в Руската федерация. В Западна Европа денят на победата над фашизма се чества на 8 май. Причината за разликата в датата е разликата в часовото време – късно вечерта на 8 май Уинстън Чърчил и Хари Труман обявяват края на войната в Европа (ранните часове на 9 май по московско време).
Epiphanius Shanov

Epiphany Shanov (Bulgarian: Епифаний Шанов 1849–1940) was a Bulgarian Uniate priest.
Shanov was born in Kazanlak on October 18, 1849. He received primary education there. At the age of 12, he began studying at the Uniate Gymnasium in Edirne. Shanov continued his education in Rome and in 1873 was ordained as a priest. Afterwards, Epiphany served in Thessaloniki, where he spent the next years of his life. After the recall of Lazar Mladenov on July 23, 1895, he became the Bishop of the Bulgarian Uniat Church in Macedonia and on September 8, 1895 in Istanbul he was granted the title Livadian Bishop and appointed as Apostolic vicar in Macedonia. Initially his office was in Kilkis. Bishop Epiphany Shanov supported the activities of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). In 1903 in Macedonia, under his leadership, over 10,000 Uniates lived in 20 villages, 10 churches, 30 priests, including 13 boys' and 9 girls' schools.
In 1909, Shanov resigned, but his resignation was not accepted by the Apostolic Delegate. Shanov remained head of the Bulgarian Uniate Church during the Balkan wars. In 1913, Greek soldiers arrested him and he went into exile first to the island of Naxos and then to Trikeri, where he remained until the First World War ended. Shanov was released in 1919 and retired to Kazanlak. In the late summer of 1921 he again asked the Pope in Rome to be released from his duties as Bishop of the Thessaloniki diocese. The Pope accepted his request and he retired to Kazanlak, where he died in 1940.
Awkward Family Photos

Awkward Family Photos originated as a website in 2009 that featured photographs that captured embarrassing yet humorous moments among family members and friends. Mike Bender, the founder of the company, and his writing partner, Doug Chernack, launched the site early that year, which asked people to submit any awkward photos that they had in their family photo albums. From then on, the site gained much momentum and various products were developed, such as books and games, and an exhibition at ESMoA.
The idea for Awkward Family Photos was started in 2009 when Mike Bender saw one of his own family photos framed and hung in his parents' house. He mentioned this photo to Doug Chernack, his childhood friend and writing partner, who also acknowledged that he had family photos that were similar. Therefore, they decided to develop a simple webpage for people to share these photos, which rapidly spread across the Internet due to it being shared on the website of a radio station. They received submissions instantly and journalists took note of them from both the New York Times and Time magazine. Awkward Family Photos swiftly became a franchise.
Bender and Chernack published their first book in 2010, titled Awkward Family Photos. After this first publication, they continued with several other books, including Awkward Family Pet Photos in 2011, Awkward Family Holiday Photos in 2013, Born to Be Awkward: Celebrating Those Imperfect Moments of Babyhood in 2015, and Everything is Awkward in 2016. Soon after publishing their first book, they began developing board games, such as Awkward Family Photos and The Awkward Family Photos Movie Line Caption Game. Among their standard books and board games, they also have two postcard books, a coloring book for adults, and a day to day calendar for 2019.