davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Pasa Padang Lua

Pasa Padang Lua talatak di Nagari Padang Lua, Kecamatan Banuhampu, Kabupaten Agam. Pasa iko didirikan pado tahun 1951. Pasa iko dibangun di ateh tanah miliak Perusahaan Jawatan Kereta Api (PJKA) nan kini diagiah namo PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI). Pado saat itu banyak stasiun kareta api nan indak tapakai tanahnyo. Pasa iko memiliki tingkat perdagangan nan tinggi jo hasil pertanian dan perikanan. Mancaliak persaingan nan tinggi pemerintah daerah maagiah bantuan dana untuak didirikannya pasa inpres pado tahun 1985.
Pasa Padang Lua sangat terkenal jo hasil bumi pertanian nan banyak, harago nan murah. Pasa iko tamasuak pasa nan rami pangunjuang. Hari pakan di Pasa Padang Lua ado duo hari, yaitu hari Kamih jo hari Ahad. Pado hari Senin pasa iko kosong, indak ado transaksi jua bali. Biasonyo banyak angkot nan baranti untuak manyari panumpang di muko Pasa Padang Lua.
Pasa Padang Lua iko pernah mengharumkan namo Provinsi Sumatera Barat di Pentas Nasional. Pasa iko mandapek harapan tigo tingkat nasional pado lomba Pasar Tradisional Tahun 2011. Pasa iko lokasinyo strategis. Pasa iko talatak di pinggia jalan lintas barat Sumatera. Dicaliak dari segi non fisik, pasa iko manguntuangkan dan mansajahterakan kehidupan masyrakat sekitar. Pasa iko dapek manciptakan lapangan pekerjaan dan marupokan aset nagari nan dapaek maningkekan pandapatan asli nagari.
Jalan bebas hambatan

Jalan bebas hambatan (Inggirih: Freeway atau Highway) adolah jalan nan dibuek untuak transportasi umum biasonyo alah ado longkok drainase jo lampu jalan. Istilah iko paguno juo untuak merujuak pado jalan tol basobok jalan bebas hambatan di Indonesia jo Amerika umumnyo babayar.
Pipa (saluran)

Pipa adolah saluran babantuak tabuang atau salongsong bulek nan paguno untuak mangalirkan caiaran atau gas. Ko go dapek pulo mangalirkan bando padek dangan manambah kapsul saroman jo transportasi Hyperloop. Pado sistem parpipaan, dikana jo istilah Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) nan manunjuakan diameter nominal (bukan ukuran sabananyo) dari sabuah pipa. Nominal marupoan angko standar nan paguno sabagian satuan umum. Sabagai contoh, pipa 2 in (duo inci) bamakasuik basonyo pipa tasabuik punyo ukuran sakitar duo inci, tapi ukuran asalinyo indak tapek duo inci katiko baukua.
Pado sistem instalasi pipa, khususnyo untuak minyak dan gas alam, paguno duo istilah, iyolah parpipaan (piping) jo transportasi pipa (pipeline). Parpipaan paguno sabagai istilah untuak instalasi pipa nan mangalirkan dari ciek tampek ka tampek lain dalam jarak nan badakekan, sadangkan pipa nan paguno baukuaran relatif ketek. Samantaro tu, transportasi pipa paguno sabagai istilah untuak instalasi pipa nan mangalirkan fluida dari ciek fasilitas (plant) ka plant nan lain dan biasonyo ukuarannyo sangek gadang.
Templat:Transportasi-pipa-stub
Panumpang

Panumpang adolah sasaurang nan hanyo manompang, baiak itu pesawat, kareta api, bus, maupun jinih transportasi lainnyo, tapi indak tamasuak awak nan bakarajo mangoperasikan dan malayani wahana tasabuik.
Panumpang dapek dikalompokkan dalam dui kalompok:
Panumpang disabuik ringkih jiko kaâdaan jasmani atau medisnyo mangharuihkan parusahoan angkutan maâgiah parhatian khusus untuaknyo sawakatu naiak dan turun angkutan tasabuik, tamasuak maâgiah fasilitas kursi roda untuak naiak dan turun pasawaik udaro, tampek duduak untuak lanjuik usia, ibu hamil, mambao anak ketek di angkutan bus atau kareta api, fasilitas untuak pangguno kursi roda untuak sadonyo moda angkutan.
Media tantang Panompang di Wikimedia Commons
Kareta api komuter

Kareta api komuter atau kareta api ulang-alik adolah sabuah layanan transportasi kareta api panumpang antaro pusek kota ka pinggiran kota nan mangangkuik sajumlah gadang urang nan malakuan pajalanan satiok hari. Sistem kareta komuter dianggok sabagai kareta barek, nan manggunoan jinih kareta listrik atau diesel. Kareta baroperasi ikuik sabuah jadwal, pado laju nan babedo-bedo mulai dari 50 hinggo 150 km/jam. Jarak biayo atau haroga zona kadang paguno.
Pangambangan jalua komuter manjadi populer kini, dangan maningkeknyo aktivitas publik tahadok kamacetan jalan, katagantuangan tahadok bahan baka fosil, dan masalah lingkungan lain batambah maningkeknyo biaya kapamilikan kandaraan bamotor.
Rumah adat

Rumah adat atau rumah tradisional marupokan rumah nan dibangun jo caro nan samo turun tamurun dan tanpa atau saketek bana mangalami parubahan. Rumah tradisional dapek juo dikatokan sabagai rumah nan dibangun jo mamparatikan kagunoan, sarato fungsi sosial jo arati budaya dibaliak corak atau gaya bangunan. Panilaian kategori rumah tradisonal dapek juo diliek dari kabiasoan-kebiasoan masyarakaik katiko rumah tasabuik didirikan misanyo takah untuak upacara adat. Rumah tradisional iolah ungkapan bantuak rumah hasia manusia nan marupokan salah satu unsua kabudayaan nan tumbuah atau bakambang basamo jo tumbuah kambangnyo kabudayaan dalam masyarakaik. Ragam hias arsitektur pado rumah tradisional marupokan hal nan indak tapisahkan. Rumah tradisional marupokan komponen pantiang dari unsua fisik caminan budaya jo kacondongan sipaik budaya nan tabantuak dari tradisi dalam masyarakaik. Rumah tradisional iolah hasil karya seni aksitektur tradisional. Dari rumah tradisional masyarakaik dapek malambangkan caro iduik, ekonomi dan lain-lain. Di Indonesia satiok daerah mampunyai rumah tradisional nan baragam dek baragamnyo budaya.
Abjad Cino sadarano

Abjad Cino sadarano (bahaso Cino Sadarano: 简体字; Cino Tradisional: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; atau Hanzi sadarano, disabuik juo 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuà zì) adolah ciek dari duo jinih abjad standar bahaso Cino tatulih kontemporer. Jinih lainnyo iyolah Hanzi tradisional atau abjad Cino tradisional. Hanzi sadarano iyolah abjad Cino nan disadaranoan sacaro rasmi dek pamarentah Cino pado usaho maningkekan kamampuan baco-tulih. Dek tu pado pakambangannyo panyadaranoan iko manjadi banyak manyobabkan karancuan pambaco tradisional dan manghilangkan kaindahan artistik abjadnyo.
Dek tu iko indak sacaro eksplisit marujuak kapado abjad nan alah disadaranoan, kato-kato Cino guifan hanzi (规范汉字), nan bararti "abjad Cino nan alah dibuek standar", biasonyo marujuak kapadonyo.
Abjad Cino nan paguno sabalun panyadaranoan iko umumnyo basabuik Abjad Cino tradisional dan masih paguno juo di babarapo wilayah Cino.
Media tantang Abjad Cino sadarano di Wikimedia Commons
List of bus operator companies in Indonesia

This is a list of bus companies in Indonesia.
In Indonesia, long-distance buses are categorized into 2 types, namely "intercity bus within the province" (Indonesian: Antarkota Dalam Provinsi or AKDP) and "intercity interprovince bus" (Antarkota Antarprovinsi or AKAP). There are many bus companies that exist, numbering up to thousands of companies.
ඕමන්තෙයි දුම්රිය ස්ථානය

ඕමන්තෙයි දුම්රිය ස්ථානය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ උතුරු පළාතේ ඕමන්තෙයි නගරයේ පිහිටා ඇති දුම්රිය නැවතුම්පොලකි. මෙම දුම්රිය ස්ථානය ශ්‍රී ලංකා දුම්රිය දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව යටතේ පවතින අතර මෙය කොළඹ සහ උතුර සම්බන්ධ කරන්නාවූ උතුරු දුම්රිය මාර්ගයේ පවතින එක් දුම්රිය ස්ථානයකි. යාල් දේවී සහ රජරට රැජින යන දුම්රියන් මඟින් මෙම දුම්රිය ස්ථානය වෙත සේවාව ලබා දේ. මෙම දුම්රිය ස්ථානය වර්ෂ 1990 සහ 2009 අතර කාලය තුලදී උතුරේ ත්‍රස්තවාදය හේතුවෙන් ක්‍රියාත්මක නොවු අතර නැවත එය වර්ෂ 2011, මැයි මස 27 වෙනි දින සිට නැවත විවෘත කරන ලදී.
ගම්පහ දුම්රිය ස්ථානය

ගම්පහ දුම්රිය ස්ථානය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ බස්නාහිර පළාතේ පිහිටි ගම්පහ නගරයේ ඇති දුම්රිය ස්ථානයකි. ශ්‍රී ලංකා දුම්රිය දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව මඟින් පරිපාලනය වන මෙය, දුම්රිය ස්ථාන අංක 15 දරයි.
ගම්පහ දුම්රිය ස්ථානය ගම්පහ නගරයේ හෙනරත්ගොඩ උද්භිද උද්‍යානය ට යාබදව පිහිටා ඇත. මුහුදු මට්ටමේ සිට උස මීටර් 10.97ක් ඉහලින් පිහිටා ඇති මෙය කටුනායක බණ්ඩාරනායක ජාත්‍යන්තර ගුවන්තොටුපළට කිලෝමීටර් 15ක් හා කොළඹ කොටුව දුම්රිය ස්ථානයට කිලෝමීටර් 28ක් පමණ දුරින් පිහිටා තිබේ.
මෙම දුම්රිය ස්ථානයට වේදිකා තුනක් හා වෙදිකවන්ට මාරුවිම සදහා මාගී ගුවන් පාලමක් තිබේ.
1864 වර්ශයේදී, එවක බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීන් විසින් "හෙනරත්ගොඩ දුම්රිය ස්ථානය" යන නමින් තේ හා කෝපි මධ්‍යම කඳුකරයේ සිට කොළඹ ට ගෙන ඒම සඳහා දුම්රිය ස්ථානයක් තනන ලදී. 1926 දී මෙම දුම්රිය ස්ථානය රේල් පීලි දෙකේ මාර්ගයක් දමා ප්‍රධාන දුම්රිය මාර්ගය හා සම්බන්ධ කරන ලදී.
පසුව මුල් හෙනරත්ගොඩ දුම්රිය ස්ථානය අතහැර දමා "ගම්පහ දුම්රිය ස්ථානය" යනුවෙන් නම් කොට එය වත්මන පිහිටි ස්ථානයට ගෙන එන ලදී. තවමත් පැරණි හෙනරත්ගොඩ දුම්රිය ස්ථානය වත්මන් දුම්රිය ස්ථානයෙන් මීටර් 100ක් පමණ දුරින් දැකබලාගත හැකිය.​‍ වර්තමානයේ මෙම පැරණි හෙනරත්ගොඩ දුම්රිය ස්ථාන ගොඩනැගිල්ල ශ්‍රී ලංකා පුරාවිද්‍යා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවේ ගම්පහ ප්‍රාදේශීය කාර්යාලය ලෙස භාවිතා කෙරේ.
ත්‍රිකුණාමලය දුම්රිය ස්ථානය

ත්‍රිකුණාමල දුම්රිය ස්ථානය ,ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නැගෙනහිර පළාතේ ත්‍රිකුණාමල නගරයේ පිහිටා ඇත.මෙය රටේ අග නගරය කොළඹ සහ ත්‍රිකුණාමලය සම්බන්ද කරන අතර ශ්‍රී ලංකා දුම්රිය දෙපාර්තුමේන්තුව යටතේ පාලනය වෙ.
ත්‍රිකුණාමලය දුම්රිය ස්ථානයෙන් ක්‍රියාත්මක වන නගරාන්තර දුම්රිය ත්‍රිකුණාමලය, මඩකලපුව, උතුරු සහ ප්රධාන මාර්ග වල කොටස් අතර කොළඹ කොටුව හා අනෙකුත් නගර සමඟ සම්බන්ධ කර ගනී. නැගෙනහිර පළාතේ සේවා සපයන රේල් බස් රථ ත්‍රිකුණාමල සේවය සපයයි.
බේරෙ වැව

බේරෙ වැව ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ, කොළඹ නගරයේ පිහිටා ඇත. එය නගරයේ විවිධ අංග මගින් සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම වාගේ වටව පවතී. අතීතයේදී මෙය හෙක්ට්යාර 165 පමණ භූමි භාගයක පැතිර පැවතුනත් විවිධ හේතූන් නිසා වර්ථමානය වන විට එය හෙක්ට්යාර 65 ක් පමණ දක්වා අඩුවී තිබේ. යටත් විජිත සමයේදී පෘතුග්‍රීසින් හා ඉංග්‍රීසින් විසින් නගරය තුල භාණ්ඩ ප්‍රවාහනය සඳහා බේරෙ වැව භාවිත කල බව පැවසේ.
බේරෙ වැවේ වෙන් කොට හඳුනාගත හැකි කොටස් දෙකකි. එනම් කුඩා වැව සහ මහ වැව වේ. මෙම කොටස් දෙක පටු ඇල මාර්ගයක් ඔස්සේ කොම්පඤ්ඤ වීදියේදී එකිනෙක සම්බන්ධ වේ. වැවෙහි වැඩිපුර ජලය ගාලු මුවදොර පිටිය හරහා ඉන්දියන් සාගරය වෙත ගලා බසී.
වැව මධ්‍යයේ කුඩා දූපතක් හා එහි ඉදි කෙරූ ගංගාරාම විහාරය ට අයත් සීමා මාලකය දැක ගත හැකිය. නවම් මාවත සහ සිනමන් ග්‍රෑන්ඩ් හෝටලයද කුඩා වැව අසල පිහිටා ඇත.
මහ වැව වටා ඉදි කර ඇති බඩු ගබඩාවන් නිසා, අතීතයේදී වැව භාණ්ඩ ප්‍රවාහන කටයුතු සඳහා භාවිතාවට ගන්න ඇතැයි දුටු විගසම හඳුනාගත හැකිය. නමුත් බොහොමයක් ගබඩාවන් මේ වන විට අතහැර දමා තිබීමත් භාණ්ඩ ප්‍රවාහන කටයුතු ගොඩබිම් ඔස්සේ සිදුවීමත් නිසා වර්ථමාන මහ වැව සංසුන්ව පවතී. වසර 140 ක් පමණ තිස්සේ මහ වැව, කොළඹ ඔරු පදින්නන්ගේ සමාජය විසින් හා වාර්ශික රාජකීය තෝමියන් ඔරු තරඟය සඳහා භාවිත කරනු ලබයි.
ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රදර්ශන සහ සම්මේලන මධ්‍යස්ථානය ද, "ලේක් හවුස්" ද, මහජන බැංකුව සහ දේශීය ආදායම් දෙපාර්ථමේන්තුවද මහ වැව ආසන්නයේ පිහිටා ඇත.
බේරෙ වැව කොකුන්, ඔටුමානාවන්, කටුස්සන් වර්ග, විවිධ වූ මත්ස්‍යය විශේෂ සහ ශාක විශේෂ සඳහා වාස භූමිය ලෙස ක්‍රියා කරයි.
වැවට භාහිර වශයෙන් විවිධ කාබනික ද්‍රව්‍ය බහුල ලෙස එකතු වීම නිසා වසර ගණනාවක් තිස්සේ ඇල්ගී වර්ධනය වී ජලාශය සුපෝෂණය වී පැවතීම හේතුවෙන් නිරන්තරයෙන්ම බේරෙ වැවේ ජලය කොල පැහැයෙන් දැකගත හැක. ජලාශයේ නිර්වායු ශ්වසනය සිදුවීම නිසා අවට පරිසරයද තරමක දුර්ගන්ධයෙන් යුක්ත වේ. වැසි දිනවලදී පමණක් දුර්ගන්ධය තරමක් අඩු වී යයි.
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නම්කොට ඇති මගී ප්‍රවාහන දුම්රිය ලැයිස්තුව

මෙම ලිපිය තුල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නම්කොට ඇති මගී ප්‍රවාහන දුම්රිය ලැයිස්තුවක් අන්තර්ගත වේ.
ක්‍රි.ව. 1950 දශකයේ මැද වනවිට බී.ඩී. රම්පාල මහතාගේ මූලිකත්වයෙන් ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මහා පරිමාණ මගී ප්‍රවාහන සේවය ආරම්භ විය.
හබරාදුව දුම්රිය ස්ථානය

හබරාදූව දුම්රිය ස්ථානය එසේත් නැත්නම් හබරාදුව දුම්රිය ස්ථානය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දකුණු පළාතේ හබරාදුව පිහිටි දුම්රිය ස්ථානය වේ.
ගණේමුල්ල දුම්රිය ස්ථානය

ගණේමුල්ල දුම්රිය ස්ථානය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ බස්නාහිර පළාතේ ගණේමුල්ල නගරයේ පිහිටි දුම්රිය ස්ථානය වේ.
ගණේමුල්ල නගර මධ්‍යයේ ගලහිටියාව මධ්‍ය මහා විද්‍යාලය ආසන්නයෙන්ම ගණේමුල්ල දුම්රිය ස්ථානය පිහිටා තිබේ. ගණේමුල්ල කමාණ්ඩෝ යුධ හමුදා කදවුරට ඇත්තේ කිලෝ මීටර් හතරක් වැනි කෙටි දුරකි. එසේම කොළඹ කොටුව දුම්රිය ස්ථානයේ සිට කිලෝමීටර 13 ක් පමණ දුරකින් මෙම දුම්රිය ස්ථානය පිහිටයි. ගණේමුල්ල දුම්රිය ස්ථානය, කොළඹ කොටුව දුම්රිය ස්ථානයේ සිට ප්‍රධාන දුම්රිය මාර්ගයේ 13 වැනියාට හමුවන දුම්රිය ස්ථානය වන අතර එය මුහුදු මට්ටමේ සිට මීටර් 09.45 ක උන්නතාංශයකින් යුතුව පිහිටා තිබේ.
ගම්පහ දිස්ත්‍රික්කයට අයත් ගණේමුල්ල දුම්රිය ස්ථානය පහල දුම්රිය මාර්ගයේ කොළඹ පැත්තට බුළුගහගොඩ දුම්රිය ස්ථානයටත් ඉහල දුම්රිය මාර්ගයේ පොල්ගහවෙල පැත්තට යාගොඩ දුම්රිය ස්ථානයටත් අතර මැද පිහිටා ඇති ප්‍රධාන දුම්රිය ස්ථානයකි.
බස්නාහිර පලාතේ ගම්පහ දිස්ත්‍රීක්කයට අයත් වන ගණේමුල්ල දුම්රිය ස්ථානය පිහිටා ඇති ගණේමුල්ල නගරය ඉතිහාසය අතින් මෙන්ම භුගෝලිය සාධකයන් අතින්ද ඉතාමත් වැදගත් ස්ථානයක පිහිටා ඇත. යාගොඩ සුගතානන්දාරාම රජ මහා විහාරය මෙම දුම්රිය ස්ඨානයට නිලෝ මීටර් 02.09 ක් වැනි ආසන්න දුරකින් පිහිටා ඇති අතර තිබ්බොටුගොඩ පුරාණ සුගතාරාම රජ මහා විහාරය කිලෝ මිටර් 02.9 ක් වැනි දුරකින්ද, කොස්සින්න රජ මහා විහාරය කිලෝමීටර් 03.6 කි න්ද පිහිටා ඇත. එසේම ශ්‍රී ගංකා යුධ හමුදාවට අයත් ක්මාන්ඩෝ රෙජිමේන්තුව කිලෝ මීටර් 4.9 ක් වැනි දුරකින් පිහිටා ඇත. එසේම ජනප්‍රීම පාසැලක් වන ගලහිටියාව මධ්‍ය මහා විද්‍යාලයට ඇත්තේ මිටර් 800 ක් වැනි කෙටි දුරකි. තවද දිනපතා රාජකාරින් සදහා කෙළඔට විශාල වශයෙක් ජනතාවක් දිනපතා මෙම දුම්රිය ස්ථානයෙන් ගමන් ගන්නා බැවින් ඉතාමත් කාර්ය බහුල දුම්රිය ස්ථානයක් වශයෙන් හදුන්වා දිය හැක.
බොදු ජනතාවක් දිවි ගෙවන පරිසරයක් වශයෙන් සදහන් කළ හැකි වුවද සාමාන්‍ය වශයෙන් රෝමානු කතෝලික අයවලුන්ද දිවි ගෙවීම් කළද වෙනත් කිසිදු ජාතියකට අයත් අයවලුන් නොමැති ගැමි පරිසරයෙන් නගරයක් වශයෙන් සදහන් කල හැක.
List of railway stations in Sri Lanka

List of railway stations in Sri Lanka, in alphabetical order, are as follows:
All of the narrow gauge (762 mm (2 ft 6 in)) lines have been closed. The Maradana to Avissawella section of the Kelani Valley line has been converted to broad gauge (1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in)). All stations serving narrow gauge tracks have been closed with the exception of the Maradana to Avissawella section, as it was converted to broad gauge. (All closed stations are not in the list)
List of railway stations in Sri Lanka by line
List of railway stations in Sri Lanka by line

The line from Colombo Fort to Badulla
The line from Peradeniya Junction to Matale
The line from Ragama Junction to Noor Nagar
The line from Maradana to Avissawella
All these stations are in Colombo District of Western Province
The line from Polgahawela Junction to Kankesanthurai
The line from Medawachchiya Junction to Talaimannar
This line from Gal Oya Junction to Trincomalee
The line from Maho Junction to Batticaloa
The line from Colombo Fort to Beliatta
Fort railway station

Fort railway station is a major rail hub in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The station is served by Sri Lanka Railways, with many inter-city and commuter trains entering each day. Fort Station is the main rail gateway to central Colombo; it is the terminus of most intercity trains in the country.
When the railways first opened in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) in 1864, trains terminated at Colombo Terminus Station, a now-retired station near Maradana. The earliest station to be called Fort was a small station, built in 1877 when the Coast Line was built. This original station sat on the site of present-day Secretariat Halt just west of today's Fort Station.
The present Fort Station was opened in 1917, as a new central station for Colombo. This has been constructed similar to Manchester Victoria station. The station was built on land reclaimed from the Beira Lake. This project was part of a scheme started in 1906 to reorganize the railway within Colombo, where Colombo Terminus Station was closed and replaced by the new Maradana Station. This was ceremonially opened by G.P. Green who was the General Manager at CGR. Fort was added in 1917 to serve the city centre.
The station was bombed by the LTTE in 2008.
Fort Station is in the heart of the city, located next to Colombo Fort and Pettah and close to the meeting points of the A1 and A4 highways. The station provides access to businesses and offices in Colombo Fort, as well as the markets at Pettah.
Fort Station is a couple kilometres away from Maradana Station, the other major rail station in Colombo.
In addition to providing connection between the many trains that serve the station, Fort Station also provides connections to bus services through the Central Bus Stand in Pettah. Colombo Secretariat Station, the city terminus for the Airport Express, is located to the west of the station, with no direct pedestrian connection.
The station is served from the east by the Main line, which leads to several other major routes in Sri Lanka's railway network. Most of these trains terminate at Fort Station. The station is served to the south-west by the Coastal line, leading to Galle and Matara.
Fort station is also a hub for commuter rail within the Colombo metropolis.
The station has a through-station layout, despite being the terminus for many services. This allows most platforms to serve both terminating and through trains. The platforms are oriented east-west. The ticket hall is to the north of the platforms.
The station was used as a film location in the film A Common Man directed by Chandran Rutnam and starring Ben Cross and Ben Kingsley.
Haputale railway station

Haputale Railway Station (Sinhala: හපුතලේ දුම්රිය ස්ථානය, Tamil: ஹப்புடேல் ரயில் நிலையம்) is the 69th station on the Main Line. The station is located between Idalgashinna and Diyatalawa railway stations in Badulla District, Uva Province. It is located 247.97 km (154.08 mi) from Colombo Fort railway station at an elevation of 1,479.57 m (4,854.2 ft) above sea level.
The station has one platform with a siding and all the trains that operate on the line stop at the station. The station opened on 19 June 1893, following the extension of the main line from Nanu Oya railway station to Haputale. In 1894 the rail line was extended from Haputale to Banderawela.
Haputale

Haputale (Sinhala: හපුතලේ; Tamil: ஹபுதலே) is a town of Badulla District in the Uva Province, Sri Lanka, governed by an Urban Council. The elevation is 1431 m (4695 ft) above the sea level. The area has a rich bio-diversity dense with numerous varieties of flora and fauna. Haputale is surrounded by hills covered with cloud forests and tea plantations. The town has a cooler climate than its surroundings, due to its elevation. The Haputale pass allows views across the Southern plains of Sri Lanka. The South-West boundary of Uva basin is marked by the Haputale mountain ridges, which continue on to Horton Plains and Adam's Peak to the west. CNN in 2010 named Haputale as one of Asia's most overlooked destinations.
Haputale railway station is the 69th station on the Main Line. The station opened on 19 June 1893, following the extension of the main line from Nanu Oya railway station to Haputale.
Source
Adisham Bungalow is a nineteenth-century British period building, which was modelled on Leeds Castle in Kent, England. Sir Thomas Villiers, a distinguished British resident in Sri Lanka in the early 20th century, used it as his country house. Later it became a Benedictine monastery. The Thangamale Bird Sanctuary is located next to the bungalow.
The Lipton’s Seat is located at Dambetenna in the Haputale Mountain region. This place was a favourite look-outpoint for Sir Thomas Lipton. The point has a fabulous view over Uva, Southern, Sabaragamuwa, Central and Eastern provinces.
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as subtropical highland (Cfb).
The constituency has been represented in Parliament by:
Idalgashinna railway station

Idalgashinna Railway Station (ඉදල්ගස්හින්න දුම්රිය ස්ථානය), Tamil: இடல்கஷின்னா ரயில் நிலையம்) is the 68th station on the Main Line,and fifth highest railway station in Sri Lanka located between Haputale and Ohiya railway stations in Badulla District, Uva Province. It is located 8 km (5.0 mi) west of Haputale, at an elevation of 1,615 metres (5,299 ft) above sea level. The station was built after the track was extended in 1893, from the Nanu Oya railway station to Haputale. This is the 68th railway station on the Colombo-Badulla railway line. The railway station is located on a hilltop separating the southern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka. Because of this the environment is constantly foggy and instantly clear. Depending on the location, rainwater from the Idalgashinna railway station collects in front of the roof to the Mahaweli river valley and water falling from the back of the roof to the Walawe river valley.
The 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad-gauge main line between Haputale and Idalgashinna is regarded to have a notably scenic view due to the land falling away steeply both sides. The view on the northern side of the station extends beyond Boralanda and Welimada up to Udupussellawa and Hakgala, with the southern side encompassing Beragala down to the coast at Hambantota and the Udawalawa reservoir clearly visible.
It is serviced by the express trains such as Podi Menike, Udarata Menike and Night mail train, as well as all local trains running on the main line.
There are 14 tunnels between the Ohiya and Idalgashinna railway stations.
Idalgashinna

Idalgashinna (Sinhala: ඉදල්ගස්හින්න, Tamil: இதல்கஸ்ஹின்ன) is a small village in the Badulla District, Uva Province, Sri Lanka. Situated at an elevation of about 1,615 metres (5,299 ft) above sea level, it is located in the Haputale-Namunukula mountain range. The area is home to the Idalgashinna Estate, with the closest large town being Haputale, about 9km south on the railway. Between the two locales lies the Thangamale Bird Sanctuary. Education in the area comes under the purview of the Welimada Divisional Secretariat, which administers the Idalgashinna Tamil Vidyalaya (Idalgashinna Tamil College), Beauvais Tamil Vidyalaya and the Ellethota Vidyalaya.
Idalgashinna was established as a tea estate in 1984, although the area had seen isolated periods of settlement prior to this. The Idalgashinna Pass is a prominent geological feature in the area; Idalgashinna was regarded as a key entrance to the upland country, with the Portuguese attempting to use the pass in their wars against the Kingdom of Kandy in the 16th century.
6°47′N 80°54′E﻿ / ﻿6.783°N 80.900°E﻿ / 6.783; 80.900
Bandarawela railway station

Bandarawela railway station is the 71st and eighth last railway station on the Main Line, and is 258.72 km (160.76 mi) away from Colombo. It is located 1,225.5 m (4,021 ft) above mean sea level and 8 km (5.0 mi) from the centre of Badulla, the capital city of Uva Province. All the trains that run on the Main Line, including the Podi Menike and Udarata Menike express trains stop at the station.
The construction of the railway line between Haputale and Bandarawela commenced in 1887 but it wasn't until 1893 that work on the line was completed. The first train arriving at the station on 19 June 1893. Bandarawela was the terminus of the Main Line until the line was extended to Badulla in 1924.
The station has a G2 locomotive on permanent display at the station. The diesel shunter locomotive was built by the North British Locomotive Company and operated between 1951 and 1986 at Maligawatta and Thali Mannar. It was moved to Bandarawela on 16 August 2011 and put on display.
Maradana railway station

Maradana Railway Station (Sinhala: මරදාන දුම්රිය ස්ථානය, Tamil: மருதானை ரயில் நிலையம்) is a major rail hub in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The station is served by Sri Lanka Railways, with many inter-city and commuter trains entering each day. It is the terminus of several intercity trains.
Maradana is home to the suburban-Colombo network's centralised traffic control centre.
When the railways first opened in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) in 1864, trains terminated at Colombo Terminus Station, a now-retired station near Maradana. In 1906, a project was launched to reorganise the railway within the Colombo area. Colombo Terminus Station was closed and replaced by the new Maradana Station.
Fort Railway Station was opened in 1917, as a new central station for Colombo. Today, Maradana and Fort are the primary rail gateways to Colombo.
Maradana Station is in Maradana, located next to the Elphinstone Theatre and near the Maradana Railway Yards. Colombo Fort Station is a couple kilometres away from Maradana Station.
Maradana Station features a two-storey building housing the ticket office, waiting room, and Sri Lanka Railways offices. A footbridge leads to the platforms. The main building is an example of British colonial architecture.
The railways operates its centralised traffic control (CTC) for the Colombo area through a facility at Maradana. The CTC handles about 290 trains per day.
The station is served from the north-east by the Main line, which leads to several other major routes in Sri Lanka's railway network. To the south-east of the station, the Kelani Valley Line connects Maradana with many other area of Colombo. The station is served to the west by the Coastal line, leading to Galle and Matara. Most of these Coastal-line trains terminate at Maradana Station.
Maradana station is also a hub for commuter rail within the Colombo metropolis.
Fort railway station bombing

The Fort railway station bombing was a suicide bombing of a commuter train while it was stopped at the Fort railway station, the main station in Colombo, Sri Lanka, on February 3, 2008. The bombing killed 12 civilians and injured more than 100. Killed in the attack were eight school children of D. S. Senanayake College's baseball team and their coach/teacher-in-charge.
The government said that the attack was carried out by a female suicide bomber, belonging to LTTE, who got down from a train and exploded during rush hour on Platform 3.
Secretary of Defence Gotabaya Rajapaksa directed the Criminal Investigation Department to investigate the bombing which led to the arrest of two suspects alongside explosives hidden in Colombo and the discovery of small business premises run by a LTTE cell. The cell leader had left the country after the bombing.
2008 Piliyandala bus bombing

The 2008 Piliyandala bombing was a bombing of a commuter bus carried out on April 25, 2008 in Piliyandala, Sri Lanka, a suburb of Colombo. The bombing killed 26 and injured at least 64, and was the first major attack against civilians on the island since the April 6 Weliveriya bombing that killed Highways Minister Jeyaraj Fernandopulle and national athletics coach Lakshman de Alwis. It was also the deadliest bus bombing since the January 16 attack on a civilian bus at Buttala.
The bombing took place amid a government offensive against the separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in the island's north.
The blast was caused by a parcel bomb deposited "on an overhead rack near the front of the bus", and took place during the evening peak hour. The explosion, which came as the bus began to drive away from a bus stand in the residential neighbourhood of Piliyandala in southern Colombo, tore off the vehicle's roof and destroyed windows of nearby structures.
According to police, the blast killed 26 people—ten at the scene of blast, 14 en route to hospital, and two in hospital—and injured at least 64 others. The deceased included a Buddhist monk, a 10-year-old boy and eight women.
Lakshman Hulugalle, a spokesman for the government of Sri Lanka, blamed the LTTE for the attack, stating:
President Mahinda Rajapaksa later echoed these sentiments, claiming that the LTTE "had once again resorted to killing innocent civilians in the face of heavy setbacks on the battlefield".
The Sri Lankan police arrested a man, Sityanadan Anandan Sudhakaran, alias Wasanthan, in connection with the bombing. He had reportedly been ordered by the LTTE leadership to bomb a bus in order to maximize casualties, and detonated the explosives via remote control.
List of terrorist incidents in 2008

This is a timeline of incidents in 2008 that have been labelled as "terrorism" and are not believed to have been carried out by a government or its forces (see state terrorism and state-sponsored terrorism).
Total incidents: 10
Total incidents: 4
Total incidents: 6
Total incidents: 9
Total incidents: 4
Total incidents: 11
Total incidents: 4
Total incidents: 2
Total incidents: 2
রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন অনুমোদিত প্রতিষ্ঠানসমূহ

নিম্নলিখিতগুলি হলো রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন দ্বারা শুরু/অনুমোদিত প্রতিষ্ঠানগুলির তালিকা।
রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন এবং রামকৃষ্ণ মঠের সারা বিশ্বে ২০৫ টি কেন্দ্র রয়েছে (উপ-কেন্দ্র বাদে): ভারতে ১৫৬ টি, বাংলাদেশে ১৫ টি, যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে ১৪ টি, রাশিয়ায় ২ টি এবং আর্জেন্টিনা, অস্ট্রেলিয়া, ব্রাজিল, কানাডা, ফিজি, ফ্রান্স, জার্মানি, জাপান, মালয়েশিয়া, মরিশাস, নেপাল, নেদারল্যান্ডস, সিঙ্গাপুর, দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকা, শ্রীলঙ্কা, সুইজারল্যান্ড, যুক্তরাজ্য এবং জাম্বিয়া-তে একটি করে।
রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন আবাসিক কলেজ, নরেন্দ্রপুর

রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন আবাসিক মহাবিদ্যালয়, নরেন্দ্রপুর ভারতের পশ্চিমবঙ্গ রাজ্যের অন্যতম মর্যাদাপূর্ণ কলেজ। এটি কলকাতার নরেন্দ্রপুর এলাকায় অবস্থিত একটি স্বায়ত্তশাসিত কলেজ। কলেজটি ১৯৬০ সালে প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয় এবং এটি কলকাতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের সাথে সম্পর্কিত। এটি রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন আশ্রম, নরেন্দ্রপুর দ্বারা পরিচালিত হয়। এই ছেলেদের জন্য একটি আবাসিক কলেজ শুধু।
কলেজ এবং আশ্রমের ক্যাম্পাস ১৫০ একর (০.৬১ বর্গ কিলোমিটার) উত্তপ্ত সবুজভূমিতে অবস্থিত। কলেজ ছাত্রদের জন্য বিভিন্ন সুবিধা প্রদান করা হয়, যেমন হোস্টেল, লাইব্রেরি, মাল্টিজিম, গেমস, ক্রীড়া এবং চিকিৎসা। বর্তমানে চারটি হোস্টেল রয়েছে, যথা ব্রহ্মানন্দ ভবন, শ্রী গৌরাঙ্গ ভবন ,রামকৃষ্ণানন্দ ভবন এবং অদ্ভুতানন্দ ভবন কলেজের তত্ত্বাবধানে আচার্য ভবন। কলেজটি একটি সুবিস্তস্ত গ্রন্থাগারও সরবরাহ করে। কলেজ ভবনটি চার তলা বিশিষ্ট। সম্প্রতি ব্রহ্মানন্দ ভবনের পাশে একটি সুইমিং পুল উদ্বোধন করা হয়েছে।
রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন আশ্রম, নারায়ণগঞ্জ

নারায়ণগঞ্জ রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন আশ্রম ভারতের পশ্চিমবঙ্গের হাওড়া জেলায় প্রতিষ্ঠিত একটি আন্তর্জাতিক আধ্যাত্মিক ও সাংস্কৃতিক প্রতিষ্ঠান যা রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন (প্রচলিত নাম বেলুড় মঠ) নামে খ্যাত তার একটি একটি শাখাকেন্দ্র বাংলাদেশের রাজধানী ঢাকাতে অবস্থিত রামকৃষ্ণ মঠ ও মিশন। বাংলাদেশে রামকৃষ্ণ মিশনের প্রধাণ কেন্দ্রও ঢাকার এই মঠটি। ১৮৯৯ সালে স্বয়ং স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ তাঁর দু'জন শিষ্য স্বামী বিরজানন্দ ও স্বামী প্রকাশনন্দকে ঢাকায় প্রেরণ করেন পূর্ববঙ্গে রামকৃষ্ণ ভাবধারা প্রচার করার উদ্দেশ্যে। ১৯১৪ সালের অক্টোবর মাসে বেলুড় মঠ কর্তৃক ঢাকা রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন ও আশ্রম হিসেবে স্বীকৃতি লাভ করে। বর্তমানে এই মঠটি বাংলাদেশস্থ রামকৃষ্ণ মিশনের প্রধান কার্যালয়। দিনে দিনে বাংলাদেশে রামকৃষ্ণ মিশনের আরো শাখা প্রসার হয়। ১৯০৪ সালে বরিশালে ও ১৯০৯ সালে নারায়ণগঞ্জে রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন ও আশ্রম প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়।
শ্যামবাজার মেট্রো স্টেশন

শ্যামবাজার হল কলকাতা মেট্রোর একটি স্টেশন। এটি উত্তর কলকাতার শ্যামবাজার অঞ্চলে অবস্থিত। শ্যামবাজার ও বাগবাজার অঞ্চলদুটিকে এই স্টেশন মেট্রো পরিষেবা দিয়ে থাকে। রাধাগোবিন্দ কর হাসপাতাল, জয়কালী মন্দির, শ্যামবাজার পাঁচমাথার মোড়ের নেতাজি মূর্তি, গিরিশ মঞ্চ, গিরিশ ঘোষের বাসভবন, বাগবাজার মঠ ও উদ্বোধন পত্রিকার কার্যালয়, বলরাম মন্দির, রামকৃষ্ণ সারদা মিশন ভগিনী নিবেদিতা বালিকা বিদ্যালয় ও ভগিনী নিবেদিতার বাড়ি এই স্টেশনের কাছে অবস্থিত।
বিনোদিনী থিয়েটার

বিনোদিনী থিয়েটার (পূর্বনাম স্টার থিয়েটার) হল কলকাতার একটি নাট্যমঞ্চ। এটি ১৮৮৩ সালে স্থাপিত হয়েছিল। স্টার থিয়েটার প্রথমে বিডন স্ট্রিটে অবস্থিত ছিল পরে এটি কর্নওয়ালিশ স্ট্রিটে (অধুনা বিধান সরণি) স্থানান্তরিত হয়। স্টার থিয়েটার ভবনটি উত্তর কলকাতার হাতিবাগান অঞ্চলে অরবিন্দ সরণি ও বিধান সরণির সংযোগস্থলের কাছে অবস্থিত। শোভাবাজার সুতানুটি মেট্রো স্টেশন এই থিয়েটারের নিকটবর্তী মেট্রো স্টেশন। স্টার ও মিনার্ভা থিয়েটার হল কলকাতার দুটি সবচেয়ে পুরনো বাণিজ্যিক নাট্যমঞ্চ। স্টার, মিনার্ভা ও ক্লাসিক থিয়েটারে হীরালাল সেন নির্মিত প্রথম চলচ্চিত্র প্রদর্শিত হয়। স্টার থিয়েটার ভবনটি কলকাতার একটি ঐতিহ্যবাহী ভবন। ১৯৯০-এর দশকে একটি অগ্নিকাণ্ডে এই ভবনটি ভষ্মীভূত হয়েছিল। ২০০০-এর দশকে কলকাতা পৌরসংস্থা বাড়িটি সারিয়ে আবার নাট্যমঞ্চটি চালু করে। বর্তমানে বিনোদিনী থিয়েটারের সম্মুখভাগটি পুরনো স্থাপত্যশৈলী অনুসারে নির্মিত হলেও, ভিতরের অংশটি আধুনিক। এখানে নাটক মঞ্চস্থ হওয়ার পাশাপাশি চলচ্চিত্রও প্রদর্শিত হয়। ডিসেম্বর ও জানুয়ারি মাসে এই হলে নাটক বেশি সংখ্যায় মঞ্চস্থ করা হয়। স্টার থিয়েটারের নিচে একটি ভূগর্ভস্থ গাড়ি পার্ক করার জায়গা বানানো হয়েছে।
এই নাট্যমঞ্চটি স্থাপনে বিশিষ্ট নাট্য অভিনেত্রী বিনোদিনী দাসীর নাম বিশেষভাবে স্বীকৃত হয়। নাট্যকার ও অভিনেতা গিরিশচন্দ্র ঘোষ ১৮৮০-এর দশকে এই মঞ্চে অনেকগুলি নাটক প্রযোজনা ও মঞ্চস্থ করেছিলেন। ঈশ্বরচন্দ্র বিদ্যাসাগর, রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস ও রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর এই মঞ্চে নাট্যাভিনয় দেখতে এসেছিলেন। ২০১২ সালে এই ঐতিহাসিক ভবনটিকে তাই সরকারি সংস্থার হাতে তুলে দেওয়া হয়।
হালতু

হালতু ভারতের পশ্চিমবঙ্গের কলকাতার একটি দক্ষিণ পাড়া। এই প্রধানত দিয়ে বেষ্টিত একটি আবাসিক এলাকা কসবায়, যাদবপুর, নন্দী বাগান, কালিকাপুর, ঢাকুরিয়া এবং সেলিমপুর।
গড়ফা মেইন রোড এবং কালিকাপুর রোডটি এখানে ছেদ করেছে। অঞ্চলটি কলকাতার বাস নেটওয়ার্কের সাথে ভালভাবে সংযুক্ত।
অটোরিকশা এবং ট্যাক্সিও পাওয়া যায়।
বালিগঞ্জ জংশন রেলস্টেশন, ঢাকুরিয়া রেলস্টেশন এবং যাদবপুর রেল স্টেশন নিকটতম রেলস্টেশন।
গড়ফা অঞ্চলের নিকটে অবস্থিত শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠানের একটি তালিকা এখানে রয়েছে।
হালতু পাড়ার দুটি সুপরিচিত বাজার রয়েছে।
হালতু অঞ্চলের নিকটে আকর্ষণীয় জায়গাগুলির একটি তালিকা:
হালতুতে একটি ভ্যাগ্র্যান্ট হোমও রয়েছে যা পশ্চিমবঙ্গ সরকার পরিচালনা করে। তদুপরি, একটি পৌর বাজারও এখানে অবস্থিত।
জহর গঙ্গোপাধ্যায়

জহর গঙ্গোপাধ্যায় (অক্টোবর ১৯০৪ - ১৯৬৯) একজন বাঙালি চলচ্চিত্র অভিনেতা এবং নাট্যব্যক্তিত্ব ছিলেন। তিনি বান্দি চলচ্চিত্রে অভিনয়ের জন্য ১৯৪৩ সালে ৬ষ্ঠ বার্ষিক বেঙ্গল ফিল্ম জার্নালিস্টস অ্যাসোসিয়েশন অ্যাওয়ার্ডসে সেরা অভিনেতার পুরস্কার পেয়েছিলেন।
গাঙ্গুলি ব্রিটিশ ভারতের অবিভক্ত চব্বিশ পরগনা জেলায় জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন। তিনি ৪০ এবং ৫০ এর দশকে বাংলা ও হিন্দী ছবিতে নাটকীয় নেতৃত্বের কমেডি অংশগুলিতে সহকারী অভিনেতা হিসাবে কাজ করেছিলেন। প্রেমাঙ্কুর আতর্থী পরিচালিত দেনা পাওনাতে তিনি অভিনয় করেছেন। গাঙ্গুলি সত্যজিৎ রায়ের পরশ পাথর ও চিড়িয়াখানায় অভিনয় করেছিলেন । ১৯৬০ সাল পর্যন্ত মঞ্চ অভিনেতা হিসাবেও অভিনয় করেছিলেন।
হিন্দু সংগঠনের তালিকা

হিন্দুধর্ম অনেক হিন্দু সংগঠন দ্বারা চর্চা ও প্রচার করা হয়, যাদের প্রতিটি সাধুদের মাধ্যমে প্রজন্ম থেকে প্রজন্মান্তরে প্রচারিত এবং স্থানান্তরিত হয়েছে সম্পূর্ণ বা নির্দিষ্ট দর্শনের রূপ এবং দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি অনুসরণ করে। এটি একটি শান্তিপূর্ণ ধর্ম। হিন্দু ধর্ম বিশ্বের সেই অংশের একটি প্রথা বা ঐতিহ্য হতে পারে যা হিন্দু ধর্মের মহান মহাকাব্যগুলোকে চিত্রিত করার কথা। হিন্দুধর্ম বেদের উপর ভিত্তি করে, যা জীবন ও আধ্যাত্মিকতার উপর মানব সভ্যতার প্রাচীনতম শিলালিপিগুলোর অন্যতম। কিভাবে জীবনের চূড়ান্ত লক্ষ্য — আত্মজ্ঞান বা আত্ম-উপলব্ধি অর্জন করা যায় সে ব্যাপারে তাদের মধ্যে ভিন্নতা রয়েছে। ভক্তরা তাদের স্বতন্ত্র প্রকৃতির উপর নির্ভর করে যে কোনও পথ বেছে নিতে পারেন।
এই তালিকাটিতে হিন্দুত্ব, হিন্দু জাতীয়তাবাদ এবং হিন্দুত্ব সম্পর্কিত উল্লেখযোগ্য সংগঠনগুলির নাম স্থান দেয়া হয়েছে।
সনাতনী স্বেচ্ছাসেবী ফাউন্ডেশন
হিন্দুধর্মের রূপরেখা

নিম্নলিখিত রূপরেখাটি হিন্দুধর্মের একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত বিবরণ এবং সাময়িক নির্দেশিকা হিসাবে সরবরাহ করা হয়েছে:
হিন্দুধর্ম – ভারতীয় উপমহাদেশের প্রধান এবং প্রাচীন ধর্মীয় জীবনধারা। এর অনুসারীদের হিন্দু বলা হয়, যারা একে সনাতন ধর্ম (সংস্কৃত: सनातनधर्मः, অনুবাদ 'চিরন্তন জীবনব্যবস্থা') বলে উল্লেখ করে থাকেন। হিন্দুধর্মের কোনো একক প্রতিষ্ঠাতা নেই, এবং এটি বিভিন্ন ঐতিহ্যের সমন্বয়ে গঠিত। "প্রাত্যাহিক জীবনে নৈতিকতার" এক বিস্তৃত নিয়ম ও বিধান সহ ধর্ম, কর্ম ও সামাজিক নিয়মের ধারণার উপর ভিত্তি করে পরিচালিত। এর উপলব্ধ ভিত্তির মধ্যে রয়েছে লৌহ যুগের ভারতের ঐতিহাসিক বৈদিক ধর্ম, যার ফলে হিন্দুধর্মকে প্রায়ই "প্রাচীনতম জীবন্ত ধর্ম" বা বিশ্বের "প্রাচীনতম জীবন্ত প্রধান ধর্ম" বলা হয়।
তিনটি বন্ধন
হিন্দু জাতীয়তাবাদী রাজনৈতিক দলের তালিকা

এটি রাজনৈতিক দলগুলির একটি তালিকা যারা হিন্দু জাতীয়তাবাদকে অনুসরণ করে বা বলে যে তারা হিন্দুত্বের স্বার্থের প্রতিনিধিত্ব করে।
বাংলাদেশ
ইন্দোনেশিয়া
মরিশাস
মালয়েশিয়া
নেপাল
পাকিস্তান
শ্রীলঙ্কা
সুরিনাম
সক্রিয়
প্রাক্তন
ত্রিনিদাদ ও টোবাগো
সাবেক
ভারতের হিন্দু মন্দিরের তালিকা

এটি হলো একটি ভারতের রাজ্য কর্তৃক বৃহত্তর হিন্দু মন্দিরের তালিকা। ২০২৩ সালের হিসেব অনুযায়ী আনুমানিক ভারতে ৩৫ লক্ষের চেয়েও বেশি বৃহৎ আকৃতির হিন্দু মন্দির রয়েছে বলে অনুমান করা হয়, যার সংখ্যা ক্রমাগত বৃদ্ধি পাচ্ছে। সমস্ত বড়ো,মাঝারী,ছোট মন্দির সহ আশ্রম,গুহাপাহাড়,জঙ্গলের ভিতর,রাস্তার ধারে, গৃহদেবতার এবং গ্রামের অধিষ্টাত্রী দেবদেবীর মন্দিরের সংখ্যা ১ (প্রায়) কোটি হবে।
অন্ধ্রপ্রদেশের আশেপাশে ৪০০০০টি মন্দির আছে। এর মধ্যে উল্লেখযোগ্য হল-
9 টিকুরীর শ্যামা মায়ের মন্দির ।
নাদিরা (অভিনেত্রী)

ফ্লোরেন্স ইজিকিয়েল নাদিরা (৫ ডিসেম্বর ১৯৩২ - ৯ ফেব্রুয়ারি ২০০৬), সাধারণভাবে নাদিরা নামে পরিচিত, তিনি ভারতীয় চলচ্চিত্রের একজন অভিনেত্রী ছিলেন। ১৯৫০ ও ১৯৬০-এর দশকের চলচ্চিত্র আন (১৯৫২), শ্রী ৪২০ (১৯৫৫), পাকিজা (১৯৭২) এবং জুলি (১৯৭৫) এর মতো চলচ্চিত্রগুলিতে অভিনয়ের জন্য তিনি সবচেয়ে বেশি স্মরণীয় হয়ে আছেন, জুলি চলচ্চিত্রের জন্য তিনি শ্রেষ্ঠ পার্শ্ব অভিনেত্রী বিভাগে ফিল্মফেয়ার পুরস্কার লাভ করেন।
নাদিরার জন্ম বাগদাদী ইহুদি পরিবারে। তিনি তার দুই ভাই দ্বারা উদ্বর্তিত, তাদের একজন আমেরিকা এবং অন্যজন ইস্রায়েলে থাকেন। চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক মেহবুব খানের স্ত্রী সরদার আখতারের মাধ্যমে আন ছবিতে অভিনয়ের মাধ্যমে নাদির চলচ্চিত্র জগতে প্রবেশ করেন।
১৯৫২ সালে আন চলচ্চিত্রের মধ্য দিয়ে নাদিরা সিনেমা জগতে খ্যাতি অর্জন করেন, সেখানে তিনি রাজপুত রাজকন্যার চরিত্রে অভিনয় করেন।তিনি মুভিতে একটি সাহসী দৃশ্যে অভিনয় করেছিলেন। ১৯৫৫ সালে তিনি শ্রী ৪২০ ছবিতে মায়া নামে একটি ধনী ব্যক্তির ভূমিকায় অভিনয় করেন। তিনি দিল আপনা আউর প্রীত পরায়, হংসে জখম, আমার আকবর অ্যান্টনি এবং ''পাকিজা''র মতো বেশ কয়েকটি ছবিতে কেন্দ্রীয় চরিত্রে অভিনয় করেন। তিনি সিপাহসালার (১৯৫৬) ছবিতে শাম্মী কাপুরের সাথে কাজ করেছিলেন। তাকে প্রায়শই একজন প্রলোভনকারী বা রক্তচোষা হিসাবে নেওয়া হয়, এবং বলিউড চলচ্চিত্র শিল্পে মার্জিত নায়িকার বিপরীতে অভিনয় করেছেন।
১৯৭৫ সালে ''জুলি'' চলচ্চিত্রে জুলির মা মার্গারেট, 'ম্যাগি' চরিত্রে অভিনয়ের জন্য নাদিরা শ্রেষ্ঠ পার্শ্ব অভিনেত্রী বিভাগে ফিল্মফেয়ার পুরস্কার অর্জন করেন। ১৯৮০ এবং ১৯৯০ এর দশকে তিনি তার কেরিয়ারের একটি নতুন পর্বে প্রবেশ করেন, তিনি পার্শ্ব অভিনেত্রী হিসাবে বয়স্ক মহিলার ভূমিকায় অভিনয় করেন। জোশ (২০০০) ছবিতে তিনি শেষবারের মতো অভিনয় করেন। দীর্ঘদিনের কর্মজীবনে পশ্চিমা পোশাকের কারণে তার বেশিরভাগ স্মরণীয় সিনেমাতে তাঁর চরিত্রটি ছিল খ্রিস্টান বা অ্যাংলো-ইন্ডিয়ান চরিত্রের। দিলীপ কুমারের বিপরীতে আন চলচ্চিত্রটিতে একটি উল্লেখযোগ্য ব্যতিক্রম পাওয়া যায়, সেখানে তিনি রাজপুত রাজকন্যার ভূমিকায় অভিনয় করেন। এছাড়াও শ্রী ৪২০ ছবিতে কোনও ধর্মীয় অনুষঙ্গ স্পষ্টভাবে দেখানো হয়নি: তার চরিত্রটির নাম ছিল মায়া, যা অবধারিতভাবে খ্রিস্টান নাম নয়। প্রকৃতপক্ষে, মায়া ভারতে একটি প্রচলিত নাম, সংস্কৃত শব্দটি মায়াজাল থেকে এসেছে।
তার প্রচেষ্টার জন্য তিনি বেশ ভালই বেতন পেয়েছেন এবং ভারতীয় অভিনেত্রী হিসেবে তিনিই প্রথম রোলস-রয়েসের মালিক হয়েছেন।
জীবনের শেষভাগে তিনি মুম্বাইয়ে একা থাকতেন, কারণ তার অনেক আত্মীয় ইস্রায়েলে চলে গিয়েছে, শেষ তিন বছর তিনি কেবলমাত্র তার একমাত্র গৃহকর্মীকে সাথে নিয়ে তাঁর কনডমিনিয়ামে বাস করেছেন।
২০০৯ সালের ৯ ফেব্রুয়ারি দীর্ঘদিন অসুস্থতার পরে নাদিরা ৭৩ বছর বয়সে ভারতের মুম্বইয়ের তাড়দেওয়ের ভাটিয়া হাসপাতালে মারা যান।
রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন বিবেকানন্দ এডুকেশনাল অ্যান্ড রিসার্চ ইনস্টিটিউট

রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন বিবেকানন্দ এডুকেশনাল অ্যান্ড রিসার্চ ইনস্টিটিউট (পূর্বতন নাম: রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন বিবেকানন্দ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়) ভারতের একটি বেসরকারি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়। এই বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় পরিচালনা করেন রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন কর্তৃপক্ষ। বর্তমানে সারা দেশে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়টির চারটি ক্যাম্পাস রয়েছে – বেলুড়, নরেন্দ্রপুর (পশ্চিমবঙ্গ), কোয়েম্বাটুর (তামিলনাড়ু) ও রাঁচি (ঝাড়খণ্ড)। বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় মঞ্জুরি কমিশন আইনের ধারা ৩ বলে প্রতিষ্ঠিত এই বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়। ২০০৫ সালের জুলাই মাসে একটি ডিমড-বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ঘোষিত হয়। গ্রাম ও আদিবাসী উন্নয়ন (নরেন্দ্রপুর ও রাঁচি) , ডিজঅ্যাবিলিটি ম্যানেজমেন্ট ও বিশেষ শিক্ষা (কোয়েম্বাটুর), মৌলিক বিজ্ঞান শিক্ষা, ভারতীয় সাংস্কৃতিক ও আধ্যাত্মিক শিক্ষা ইত্যাদি বহু বিষয়ে এই বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে কোর্স চালু রয়েছে। সারাদেশে বিশিষ্ট শিক্ষকদের সহায়তায় এই সকল কোর্স পড়িয়ে থাকে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়।
২০০৮ সালের জুলাই মাসে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের স্কুল অব ম্যাথমেটিক সায়েন্স চালু হয়। বেলুড় মঠের প্রধান ক্যাম্পাস ও কলকাতায় স্বামী বিবেকানন্দের পৈতৃক ভিটে বিবেকানন্দ গবেষণা কেন্দ্রে ক্লাস শুরু হয়।
Ramkrishna Mukherjee

Ramkrishna Mukherjee (14 November 1917 – 15 November 2015) was a scientist at the Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, President of the Indian Sociological Society (1973–75) and recipient of the Indian Sociological Society's Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005.
He is particularly well known for his study Dynamics of a Rural Society and his dialectical method in dealing with the study of Indian society.
He was born to a middle-class family in Kolkata, India, his father Satindra Nath being an engineer in the Indian Railways. He obtained MSc degree in 1941 from University of Calcutta and a PhD in 1948 from the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. From 1941 to 1944 he was an activist in the Peasant movement. Although he specialized in human genetics, he took lessons in statistics from Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, founder of the ISI.
In 1948 and 1949 he was Chief Research Officer to His Majesty's Social Survey, London and had been Consultant to Government of Turkey in 1949 and Consultant to the London School of Economics in 1952. He began his career as a Professor at the Institute of Indian Studies at Humboldt University of Berlin in Germany from 1953 to 1957. He was adjunct professor at Binghamton University in the United States from 1977 to 1989. He spent most of his professional life with the Indian Statistical Institute from 1944 until his retirement in 1979.
Along with DP Mukerji, he established the All India Sociological Conference (AISC). He worked as adviser for social science institutions and journals in India and abroad. With his work the theme of agrarian social structure and change was to re-appear in Indian Sociology only after a gap of nearly two decades in the late 1960s and 1970s. Among Indian sociologists, he stressed the importance of a dialectic model for the study of Indian society and made systematic as well as empirical studies using this model. This is exemplified by his book Rise and Fall of East India Company (1958) which is a contribution to economic and social history of the institutionalization of colonialism in India . He tried to develop an inductive methodology for social sciences. His research interests included genetics, studies in classification of families, rural society, historical sociology, problems of acculturation and Social Indicators Research besides which he contributed over subjects like family, caste and class, agrarian relations in West Bengal, nationalism in Bangladesh, urbanization and social change and colonial exploitation by the East India Company and in Uganda, and also contributed towards designing of National Sample Surveys. He had a Marxian and historical perspective with which he studied social institutions such as family and caste.
Mukherjee married Prabhati Mukherjee, an academician, who died in 2008. They had two daughters, both of whom entered the academic field.
Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai

Justice Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai (born 24 November 1960) is an Indian jurist and a judge of the Supreme Court of India. He is a former judge of the Bombay High Court and currently serves as the chancellor of the Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur. Also, he is the ex officio executive chairman of National Legal Services Authority. He is set to become the 52nd Chief Justice of India if the seniority convention is followed.
Bhushan Ramakrishan Gavai was born to R.S. Gavai and Kamala. His father led the Republican Party of India (Gavai) faction, former M.P and governor. His brother Rajendra Gavai is also a politician. His family is inspired by B. R. Ambedkar and follows Buddhism.
Gavai was born on 24 November 1960 at Amravati and joined the Bar on 16 March 1985. He worked with Bar. Raja S. Bhonsale, former advocate general and judge of the High Court. He practiced independently at Bombay High Court from 1987 to 1990. After 1990, he practised mainly before Nagpur Bench of Bombay High Court. He also practised in constitutional law and administrative law.
He was standing counsel for the municipal corporation of Nagpur, Amravati Municipal Corporation and Amravati University. Appeared regularly for various autonomous bodies and corporations like SICOM, DCVL etc. and various municipal councils in the Vidarbha region.
He was appointed as assistant government pleader and additional public prosecutor in the High Court of Judicature at Bombay, Nagpur Bench, from August 1992 to July 1993. Later, he was appointed as government pleader and public prosecutor for Nagpur Bench on 17 January 2000. He was elevated as an additional judge of the High Court on 14 November 2003.
Ramkrishna Bajaj

Ramkrishna Bajaj (1923―1994) was an Indian businessman and freedom fighter who was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi. He used to describe himself as 'Mahatma Gandhi's coolie'. He spent four years in jail from 1942 to 1946 for participating in the Quit India Movement. He was the head of the Bajaj Group of Industries and served as the chairman of the Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation and Jamnalal Bajaj Seva Trust.
He was born on 22 September 1923 in Wardha, British India. He studied at the Navabharat Vidyalaya, Wardha, after spending a few years in Sabarmati Ashram. Bajaj left his studies to take part in the freedom struggle.
At 18, he participated in an Individual Satyagraha along with Mahatma Gandhi. Ramkrishna Bajaj spent four years in prison from 1942 to 1946. He learned Sanskrit from Vinoba Bhave when he was in Nagpur jail. In 1946, he founded the All India Student Congress (AISC) and the National Union of Student in 1948. He led the Youth Congress delegation to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1958 and Indian Youth Delegation to the US in 1959.
Ramkrishna Bajaj was elected as the chairman of the World Assembly for Youth (India) in 1961. He also served as the Managing Trustee of the Indian Youth Centres Trust, which established the Vishwa Yuvak Kendra in 1968, a youth development organisation. Bajaj was among the founders of the Council for Fair Business Practices and the Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI). On behalf of the family, he set up Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation, a charitable trust in which he was involved during his lifetime. Bajaj also held the position of president of the Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), Indian Merchants' Chamber (IMC), and Maharashtra Chamber of Commerce (MCC).
In 1952, Bajaj joined his family business as a director. He served as MD of Bajaj Electricals from 1970 to 1980. In 1991, he was appointed chairman of Bajaj Group and held the position till his death in 1994.
On 21 September 1994, at the age of 71, he died of cancer at a Bombay hospital. He was survived by his wife and two sons.
In 1996, the Indian Merchants' Chamber instituted the Ramkrishna Bajaj National Quality Award, which is an Indian equivalent of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA). The award was named after Ramkrishna Bajaj. An Indian journalist, M. V. Kamath, has authored a biography on Bajaj, named Gandhi's Coolie: Life & Times of Ramkrishna Bajaj in 1995. Many education institutes named after Ramkrishna Bajaj, such as Ramkrishna Bajaj College Of Agriculture in Wardha and Ramakrishna Bajaj Sanskrit Bhavan in Mumbai.
Chitra Ramkrishna

Chitra Ramkrishna (born 1963) is an Indian businesswoman and the former Chief Executive Officer of National Stock Exchange (NSE). In March 2022, she was arrested by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) for her involvement in the co-location scam.
In 1985, she started as a chartered accountant, at the project finance division of the Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI). Ramkrishna then spend two years at the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), after which she returned to IDBI. In April 2013, she succeeded Ravi Narain and became the managing director and CEO of NSE.
In 2016, she was found guilty in a co-location case, and was asked by SEBI to disgorge 25 percent of the salary drawn for FY 2013-14, to the IPEF. She was also, prohibited from associating with a listed company or a market Infrastructure Institution or any other market intermediary for a period of five years.
In February 2022, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) said that for the past 20 years, she had been allowing an unidentified 'Himalayan yogi' to advise her on important decisions. The case was investigated by the CBI. She leaked key business information pertaining to day to day operations. She was arrested by the CBI on 7 March 2022.
Indian Institute of Teacher Education

The Indian Institute of Teacher Education (IITE) is a state university located at Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. It was established in 2010 by the Government of Gujarat and focuses on teacher education.
With a vision of exporting teachers from India, Narendra Modi, serving as Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014, was the main proponent of the institute. The curriculum was designed by a team of experts led by Kireet Joshi. The institute was established by an act of the Government of Gujarat in 2010.
A. UG Teacher Education Programmes
• 4 year integrated B.Sc.-B.Ed.
• 4 year integrated B.A.-B.Ed.
• 2 year B.Ed. (at Affiliated colleges)
B. PG Teacher Education Programmes
• 3 year integrated innovative M.Sc./M.A.-M.Ed.
• 3 year integrated B.Ed.-M.Ed.
• 2 year M.Ed. (at Affiliated colleges)
C. Research Programmes in Education
• Ph.D.
• Admission to UG and PG Programmes
o All eligible candidates shall have to appear in i3T – Integrated Test for Teacher Trainee conducted by the Indian Institute of Teacher Education (IITE) as per schedule mentioned in admission brochure.
o To qualify in the i3T, the candidate will have to secure minimum 50% marks in the i3T.
o Admission to all UG and PG programmes will be given as per merit list prepared based on marks of i3T only.
List of institutions of higher education in Gujarat