davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Frieda and Diego Rivera

Frida and Diego Rivera (Frieda y Diego Rivera in Spanish) is a 1931 oil painting by Mexican artist Frida Kahlo. This portrait was created two years after Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera married, and is widely considered a wedding portrait.
The painting shows Kahlo standing next to her husband and fellow artist, Rivera. Rivera, portrayed as a painter, holds a palette and four brushes in his right hand while Kahlo tilts her head towards him. Both are looking out toward the viewer, unsmiling. Kahlo holds her bright red shawl with her left hand. Rivera and Kahlo hold hands in the center of the portrait. Rivera is physically much larger than Kahlo. The pigeon or dove at the upper right carries a banner that reads: "Aquí nos veis, a mí, Frida Kahlo, junto con mi amado esposo Diego Rivera. Pinté estos retratos en la bella ciudad de San Francisco, California, para nuestro amigo Mr. Albert Bender y fue en el mes de abril del año 1931" ("Here you see us, me Frieda Kahlo, with my dearest husband Diego Rivera. I painted these pictures in the delightful city of San Francisco California for our companion Mr. Albert Bender, and it was in the month of April of the year 1931.”) The work had been commissioned by Albert M. Bender, an art collector and supporter of Rivera.
There are many interpretations of the work. Hayden Herrera, author of Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo (1983), interprets the work simply as Kahlo depicting herself as the wife of the great artist, Rivera. Other authors, such as Margaret Lindauer, investigate the larger context in which the work was created. The banner is supportive of Lindauer's interpretation because it places Kahlo in the producer/professional artist role.
In 1936 Bender gave the painting to the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) in San Francisco, California, where it forms part of the permanent collection and is generally on public display.
Francisco Gutiérrez (painter)

Francisco Ángel Gutiérrez Carreola (1904–1945) was a Mexican painter. He was a Mexican impressionist and modern artist, and his works have a surrealist influence.
Gutiérrez Carreola was born in the state of Oaxaca in a poor family. He was working in the lithography department of the Clemente Jacques food company, and in 1929 went to Mexico City to study art at the Central School of Plastic Arts (Old Academy of San Carlos). He studied there under Isidoro Ocampo, Germán Gedovius, and Francisco Díaz de León. Simultaneously, he got a job at the library of the Academy of Fine Arts which was poorly paid. One of the orders he got in the 1930s was to paint murals in Jalapa, Veracruz, together with Feliciano Peña. In Jalapa, he also opened an art school.
Gutiérrez Carreola had one-man exhibitions in 1932 and 1938. His health deteriorated in the 1940s because of an ear infection, which eventually caused his death in 1945.
Paintings by Gutiérrez Carreola have surrealist flavor and also were influenced by cubist works by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, as well as by abstractionist and symbolist painting. In 2005, 60 years after the death of the artist, a big retrospective exhibition was shown at Museo Nacional de Arte.
Roberto Márquez (painter)

Roberto Marquez (born 1959) is a painter originally from Mexico. He was born in Mexico City and spent his later childhood in Guadalajara, where he graduated from Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente. He later moved to Arizona, and then to New York. His paintings incorporate dreamlike images from literature, Mexican history, and himself. His work is known for its "literary allusions and visual metaphors" and for its frequent references to music.
Marquez's art has been collected and exhibited in numerous shows in galleries and museums, including the Tucson Museum of Art, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Monterrey, Hirshhorn Museum, and Mexican Cultural Institute of Washington.
The artist was born in Mexico City in 1959, but raised in Guadalajara, Jalisco. There, he studied sculpture and eventually graduated with a degree in architecture.
Marquez attended many a literary tertulias in Guadalajara. He studied poetry with Elías Nandino and marks Jorge Esquinca as a close artistic and literary collaborator.
In 1990, Marquez moved from Guadalajara to Phoenix, Arizona. After working there for five years, he relocated to New York City in 1995, working out of a studio in Weehawken, New Jersey.
A retrospective exhibition at the Tucson Museum of Art was held in 1994, titled, "Sojourns in the Labyrinth."
In 1997, an exhibition at MARCO (Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Monterrey), "Fragmentos del Tiempo," provided a comprehensive survey of his work since the early 1980s.
For most of the second half of the 20th century and 21st century, Márquez exhibited almost exclusively at the Riva Yares Gallery in Scottsdale, Arizona, and Santa Fe, New Mexico. His first New York solo exhibition, "Contrapasso: New York City, 1989 – 2025,” curated by Donald Ryan, opened at Paul Soto Gallery in 2025.
List of works by Diego Rivera

This is a list of works by Diego Rivera (8 December 1886, Guanajuato – 24 November 1957, Mexico City). He was a Modern painter, famous for his social realist murals. This list is split into two distinct era's in Rivera's work, the formative years between 1886 until 1920; and the social realism years between 1921 until his death in 1957.
Rivera is also known for his marriage to Frida Kahlo (6 July 1907, Mexico City – 13 July 1954, Mexico City), also a celebrated Mexican painter.
Museo Mural Diego Rivera

Museo Mural Diego Rivera is a museum in Mexico City where Diego Rivera's 1946–47 mural Sueño de una Tarde Dominical en la Alameda Central is located.
It is located at Balderas Avenue number 202, in the historic center of Mexico City.
It is the goal of the museum to preserve and disseminate Diego Rivera's artistic work, as well as organize temporary exhibits and conferences and events, talks, concerts and other art activities.
The museum was built in 1986 as a space to exhibit Diego Rivera's 1946–47 mural Sueño de una tarde dominical en la Alameda Central (Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in the Alameda Central). It had previously been housed at the Hotel del Prado, which was severely damaged in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake.
In order to transport the mural from the hotel, the wall that supported it was cut; later, a metal structure was used to support its 15-ton weight, still preserved to date. The museum's building and its facilities were built around the mural, after it was placed at its current location. The museum was inaugurated on February 19, 1988.
The museum is administered by the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes y Literatura (National Institute of Fine Arts and Literature), which in turn is funded by the federal government.
In 1946, architect Carlos Obregón Santacilia asked Diego Rivera to create a mural for the Hotel del Prado's Versalles dining room. The subject for the mural was the Alameda Central, which was across the street from the hotel. The artist made a fresco of 4.70 x 15.6 m. It was finished in 1947. The mural shows more than 150 figures, some of them leading characters the history of Mexico: Hernán Cortés, Benito Juárez, Maximiliano de Habsburgo, Francisco I. Madero, Porfirio Díaz. In addition, individuals from different social classes appear, including street vendors and revolutionaries. It also shows Frida Kahlo and other wives of the artist, as well as some of his daughters; the Alameda Central itself can be seen in the background.
The painter said: "[The mural] is composed of memories of my life, my childhood and my youth and goes from 1895 to 1910. All the characters are dreaming, some asleep on benches and others, walking and talking ":
Previous exhibits:
César Rengifo

César Rengifo (Caracas, Venezuela, May 14, 1915 - Caracas, Venezuela, November 2, 1980) was a Venezuelan painter and playwright representative of the realistic trends in Venezuelan painting inspired by Mexican painting, along with Héctor Poleo, Pedro León Castro and Gabriel Bracho; All of them, after having started their studies in Caracas, went to Mexico in the best period of Mexican muralism.
Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo

Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo is a 1983 book by Hayden Herrera about the life of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo, her art, and her relationship with muralist Diego Rivera.
The book has 25 chapters divided into six parts, as well as photos of Kahlo and her paintings. Within each section, there are biographical details about Kahlo's life, copies of letters that Kahlo wrote, and descriptions and analyses of her paintings.
A major 2002 studio film, Frida, adapted from the book, stars Salma Hayek as Kahlo. A second edition of the book was published in 2002 with a cover inspired by the film.
Diego Rivera Gallery

The Diego Rivera Gallery is a building, formerly a student-directed art gallery and exhibition space for work by San Francisco Art Institute students.
The gallery provided an opportunity for BFA, MFA and Post-Baccalaureate students to present their work in a gallery setting, to use the space for large-scale installations, or to experiment with artistic concepts and concerns in a public venue. Exhibitions changed weekly and were open on Tuesdays. About 40 shows per year were scheduled, and close to 200 students were exhibited each year.
In ex-faculty member Charles Boone's time at SFAI, he attended nearly every opening reception.
The Making of a Fresco Showing the Building of a City (1931) is one of four fresco murals in the San Francisco Bay Area painted by Mexican artist Diego Rivera. Rivera's mural seems to be painted for and about a working class audience.
37°48′14″N 122°25′02″W﻿ / ﻿37.803909°N 122.417219°W﻿ / 37.803909; -122.417219
The Painter (2024 film)

The Painter is a 2024 American action thriller film directed by Kimani Ray Smith and written by Brian Buccellato. It stars Charlie Weber, Jon Voight, Marie Avgeropoulos, and Madison Bailey.
The Painter was released in the United States on January 5, 2024.
A retired CIA agent paints as a hobby. But his past has come back to haunt him, as a mysterious woman he met somewhere shows up. He must find the way to evade the incoming threat in forms of some trained op recruits.
Principal photography took place in Vancouver from November 28 to December 20, 2022.
In late November 2023, it was reported that Republic Pictures had acquired the rights to The Painter, directed by Kimani Ray Smith from SP Media Group for Republic Pictures.
The Painter had a limited release in the United States on January 5, 2024. It was released on digital platforms on January 9.
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 0% of 10 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 3.6/10.
Dennis Harvey of Variety wrote, "The Painter never seems like more than a rote shoot-'em-up inadequately juiced by the kind of shocking revelations that are all contrived verbal explication".
Painter and Limner

The Painter and Limner is a member of the Royal Household in Scotland. Appointments of Court Painters are recorded from 1581 onwards, and the post of Painter and Limner was created in 1702 for George Ogilvie. The duties included "drawing pictures of our [the Monarch's] person or of our successors or others of our royal family for the decorment of our houses and palaces". From 1723 to 1823 the office was a sinecure held by members of the Abercrombie family, not necessarily connected with artistic ability. The appointment of Sir Henry Raeburn in 1823, a few months before his death marked a return to conferring the post on a distinguished Scottish artist. He was succeeded by David Wilkie.
From 1841 until 1932, the salary attached to the office was £100. Since 1932 the appointment has been unpaid and there has been no requirement for the holder to produce works for either the monarch or the state. Until 1864 appointments were made by commission under the Privy Seal. Since 1908 appointments have been by warrant under the royal sign manual.
The post was held by Dame Elizabeth Blackadder from 2001 until her death in 2021.
Holders of the office since 1823 are:
Office vacant 1901-1908
Office vacant 1945-1948
Inturire

Inturire Inturire ni ikigage cy'amasaka cyangwa k'imyumbati kirimo ubuki .
Inturire ubundi ni ikigige gisazwe ariko ubundi kiba cyogewemo ubuki. ikigage kiba gikozwe mu masaka aseye y'amamera binitse mu mazi hamwe n'ivu, bikamara iminsi 3 mu mazi, ubundi akamera akazana iminzi havuyemo ubumara, nyuma rero yaho bakayinika bakayoza kugirango havemo ivu, kugeza yumwe ubundi bakayatsa .
Urwengero

Urwengero ni kimwe mu b'intu abanyarwanda bakera bari bazi ubutabire mu rwego ruhanitse, aho bari bazi kwenga inzoga zikaze nk’izo muri ibi bihe byacu, ndetse zinazirusha kwengeka. Izo nzoga zirimo nk’Urwagwa, Inkangaza, Umutsama, Amarwa, Inturire n’izindi.
Urwengero habaga hari inzoga nyinshi ariko nyinshi muri zo zamaze kuzima mu rwengero gakondo rw’i Rwanda, kubera kuzibiranywa n’ubwinshi bw’iziva mu nganda, byahubirana n’uko hari n’izitakibukwa imyengere yazo bigasya bitanzitse .
Inzoga y'ihenero

Inzoga y’ihenero ni inzoga iba mu gacuma kabaga ku musego, umugabo yabaga aryamye icyaka cyamwica akabyuka agasomaho. ariko ubundi yabaga ari inzoga umugabo n’umugore banywera mu cyumba cyabo bararamo biganirira hagati yabo.Iyi nzoga yabaga ifite akamaro gakomeye, kuko yafashaga abashakanye gusabana no kubongerera ibyishimo mu gihe cyo gutera akabariro hagati yabo.
Inzoga y’ihenero ikunzwe kwitirannya n'abantu batandukanye, bazi ko iyi nzoga ari urwagwa gusa kandi ataribyo. Ibinyobwa byose by’Abanyarwanda byitwaga inzoga, gusa byatandukaniraga mu buremere, bakavuga ngo iyi nzoga ni iy’abana, iyi ni iy’abantu bakuru, ni iy’abagore, ni iy’abagabo, ariko byose byitwaga inzoga.
Iyo abantu bavuga ngo n'agacuma k'ihenero byaterwaga nibyo benze, habagamo inzoga y'urwagwa,habagamo inturire, amarwa cyangwa inkangaza.[1]
Umusozi wa Nzoga

Nzoga ni umusozi muremure uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Runyinya, Akagari ka Kagabiro, Umurenge wa Mubuga mu karere ka Karongi, mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba.
Imizi y’uyu musozi ishoreye mu Kiyaga cya Kivu. Kuwugeraho ni urugendo rw’iminota 20, uri mu modoka uturutse mu mujyi wa Karongi.
Wumvise iri zina wakeka ko utuwe n’abakunzi b’agatama nyamara n’abarokore barahaba.
Abatuye kuri uyu musozi bakiri bato ntibazi inkomoko y’izina ’Nzoga’ wahawe uyu musozi, nyamara abakuru bo babizi neza.
Biseruka Pascal wavukiye kuri uyu musozi yabwiye IGIHE ko azi inkomoko y’izina Nzoga ryahawe uyu musozi, ufite ishusho y’umutemeri.
Ati "Ni uko ibintu bigenda bicika aho byahoze, naho ubundi uyu musozi wabagaho urutoki rwinshi kandi rwiza, abahatuye bakamenya kwenga urwagwa rwiza rw’umwimerere, buri munsi ugasanga bahishije, bicaye banywa, ababibonye bakavuga ngo hariya hantu ni kuri Nzoga, izina rifata rityo".
Abazi Nzoga bavuga ko igizwe n’ibice bibiri. Nzoga Runyinga na Nzoga Mweya ariko yombi iri mu kagari kamwe ka Kagabiro.
Kugera mu 1994, Nzoga yarangwaga n’urutoki rwinshi ariko uyu murage waje kuvaho ku buryo umuntu utahazi muri iyo myaka atamenya ko higeze urutoki.
Iryivuze Thomas, ni umusaza w’imyaka 60 utuye mu kagari ka Kagabiro. Yavuze ko nyuma ya 1994 aribwo aka gace kibasiwe n’indwara ya kirabiranya. Iyi ndwara niyo yashyize iherezo ku rutoki rwinshi rwahabaga.
Uyu munsi iyo ugeze kuri uyu musozi wa Nzoga usanga igihingwa kihiganje ari makadamiya (macadamia), ari naho bamwe bahera bavuga ko mu minsi iri imbere izina rishobora kuzahinduka hakitwa kuri makadamiya aho gukomeza kwitwa kuri Nzoga.
Uretse uyu musozi wa Nzoga uherereye mu karere ka Karongi, hari undi musozi witwa Nzoga uherereye mu murenge wa Muyira mu karere ka Nyanza.
Abasaza batuye kuri uyu musozi bo bavuga ko iri zina ryo rikomoka ku musaza wari uhatuye ku ngoma ya Yuhi Gahindiro.
Uwo musaza yari umuhanga mu kwega inturire n’inkangaza. Iyo umwami yabazaga abagaragu be aho bajya guhigira, bamusubizaga ko bashaka kujya kuri uyu musozi, kugira ngo bage kunywa inzoga kwa Sebisoga.
Aba bagaragu bagezeho bakajya bavuga kwa Nzoga aho kuvuga kwa Sebisoga, biza kurangira Nzoga rivuye kuri Sebisoga riba izina ry’uyu musozi wo mu murenge wa Muyira.
Chibuku Shake Shake

Chibuku is a commercial sorghum beer based on the traditional Umqombothi homemade African beers; the main grains used are malted sorghum and maize but may also contain millet.
"Chibuku" comes from Max Heinrich's habit of recording all consumers' comments and process changes in a book. Chibuku is an adaptation of the local Zambia language (Chibemba) word for "book" - "Chi" is the prefix meaning "big", "buk" = "book", and the terminal "u" is because most African nouns tend to end in a euphonic vowel. The shake-shake comes from the ritual of shaking up the beer before taking the first sip. The beer contains starch, germ, and yeast (all typically removed in lagers and ales), and since the solids settle to the bottom of the carton, it needs to be shaken before sipping.
The alcohol content in a fresh Chibuku is relatively low, starting at about 0.5% ABV on day one. Still, as fermentation continues in the carton, the longer it is kept before drinking, the stronger it gets. It may achieve 4% ABV before the shelf-life expires after between 4 and 6 days after packaging.
Chibuku is a pan-African brand of opaque sorghum beer made by various African brewers. Part of the reason for the success of the brand is the commercial brewing process with systems to ensure a consistent quality product that is safe for consumers. Chibuku comes in 2 packs: Chibuku "Scud," a non-carbonated drink and Chibuku "Super," a carbonated sorghum beer.
Chibuku is often the choice of less affluent consumers who can't afford bottled beer, and this may still be the case for many of the consumers in Zambia, Malawi and Botswana. However there are also consumers in the emerging middle class who enjoy the beer as a preference, because of the taste and for the health connotations.
It is now brewed in some of Zambia's neighboring countries
Chibuku is now brewed across Africa by various brewers.
Pito (beer)

Pito is a type of beer made from fermented millet or sorghum in northern Ghana, parts of Nigeria, and other parts of West Africa. It is made by small (household-level) producers, and is typically served in a calabash outside the producer's home where benches are sometimes provided.
Pito can be served warm or cold. Warm pito gets its heat from the fermentation process. Pito brewing can provide an important source of income for otherwise cash-poor households in rural areas. It is never found bottled or canned, and, as a rule, is purchased directly from the household in which it is brewed.
First, sorghum or millet is taken to the mill to be ground into powder, or this can be done in a blender. After the sorghum or millet is milled, the powder is mixed with water, stirred thoroughly and left to settle. Once settled, the water on top the mash is removed and the remaining mash is boiled. When the boiling is finished, the mixture is poured into a different container and left to ferment for 24 hours. Once the fermentation process is completed, the mixture is boiled once more and then strained to separate the solid substance from the liquid. Your pito is then ready for consumption after the liquid cools down.
Matanza de religiosos de Barbastro

La matanza de religiosos de Barbastro es un episodio de la guerra civil española en el que numerosos religiosos y algún seglar fueron fusilados al inicio de la contienda, en la localidad oscense de Barbastro.
Los hechos ocurrieron en la diócesis de Barbastro en el verano de 1936. Fueron arrestados 41 seminaristas claretianos, además de sus respectivos superiores.
La diócesis de Barbastro acumuló durante la guerra civil española la mayor mortandad del país entre sus miembros incardinados pues se causó la muerte a 123 de los 140 sacerdotes, es decir, el 88% de sus miembros,​​ incluyendo a su obispo, además de 51 frailes claretianos, 18 benedictinos y 9 escolapios, pero en la que no sufrió la misma suerte ninguna de las religiosas.​
El alcalde republicano de Barbastro, Pascual Sanz, sostuvo que como personas merecían todo el respeto, pero que como sacerdotes debían desaparecer. Así, antes de ser ejecutados intentaron hacerlos apostatar, en particular a los 41 jóvenes seminaristas claretianos a los que, para hacerles «disfrutar de los goces de la vida» de los que les creían privados, introdujeron prostitutas en la improvisada cárcel en la que permanecieron una semana.​
Estuvieron presos en el Colegio San Lorenzo de las Escuelas Pías, de donde se fueron realizando diversas sacas para su ejecución entre el 2 y el 15 de agosto de 1936.​ La nómina de fusilados incluyó al obispo de Barbastro Florentino Asensio Barroso, a 51 religiosos claretianos, 18 benedictinos de la Congregación de Solesmes del monasterio de El Pueyo, 9 escolapios del Colegio San Lorenzo y a algunos laicos como Ceferino Giménez Malla.
Al atardecer del día 8 de agosto, el obispo Florentino Asensio Barroso fue trasladado a una celda solitaria de la cárcel del Ayuntamiento, en la misma plaza. En los interrogatorios a que fue sometido fue torturado repetidamente, y sufrió la amputación de los testículos.​​ En la madrugada del 9 de agosto de 1936 le llevaron, junto con otros doce detenidos, en un "camión de la muerte" al cementerio, donde fue fusilado. Murió al tiempo que bendecía y perdonaba a sus asesinos. Según la Conferencia Episcopal Española, su cadáver fue arrojado a una fosa común y años más tarde su cuerpo fue hallado incorrupto.​
La Iglesia católica los considera mártires. Los 51 religiosos claretianos fueron beatificados el 25 de octubre de 1992​ por el papa Juan Pablo II en Roma. Los 18 benedictinos del monasterio de El Pueyo fueron beatificados el 13 de octubre de 2013​ por el papa Francisco en la beatificación de Tarragona.
El obispo Florentino Asensio Barroso también fue declarado mártir y la ceremonia de su beatificación fue presidida por Juan Pablo II el 4 de mayo de 1997.​ Su festividad se celebra el 9 de agosto.
La festividad en memoria de los religiosos claretianos se celebra el día 13 de agosto cada año.​ La festividad en memoria de los religiosos benedictinos el 28 de agosto.​
Junta Permanente Pro Semana Santa de Popayán

La Junta Permanente Pro Semana Santa de Popayán es el ente encargado de organizar, mantener, preservar y llevar a cabo la procesiones de Semana Santa de Popayán. Se puede decir que esta junta es la cofradía o hermandad principal encargada de las procesiones y lo que ellas contienen.
La Junta Permanente Pro Semana Santa de Popayán esta hermandada con la Junta de cofradías de Santiago de Compostela.
En el siglo XX se disminuye el desarrollo en las procesiones de la semana mayor en Popayán debido a la crisis económica que vivió Colombia. En 1937 el poeta y político Guillermo Valencia, decidió conformar una junta cívica que se encargara de preservar esa tradición. En 1939 dicha junta recibió el reconocimiento oficial a través de la ordenanza número 14 emanada de la Asamblea del Cauca recibiendo el nombre de Junta Permanente Pro Semana Santa de Popayán.​
Está conformada por 18 miembros entre representantes de los gremios de cargueros, síndicos, regidores, religiosos, restauradores y miembros importantes de la ciudad, quienes tienen a cargo cada uno de los pasos y las imágenes y las actividades relacionadas con la semana mayor, cumpliendo con la tradición año tras año desde 1556. La junta cuenta con un presidente de honor que coordina a la corporación en sus actividades.​
La Junta tiene los siguientes objetivos:​
La junta es organizadora y anfitriona del Congreso de España e Hispanoamérica de cofradías, hermandades y juntas de Semana Santa realizado en agosto desde el año 2007. Este Congreso que se hace cada dos años en Popayán, constituye un certamen que permite periódicamente, discutir en forma organizada, programada y constructiva la situación actual de la tradición Semanasantera, en ciudades de Colombia, de América y de Países Europeos como España, al mismo tiempo, conlleva a un proceso evaluativo, articulado para enfocar perspectivas y contribuir a hacer ajustes que lleven a un futuro deseable. Durante el congreso se realizan sesiones plenarias, conferencias, paneles, presentación de temas y discusión en grupos, reflexión de expertos, relatorías, exposición de pasos de la Semana Santa de Popayán, una muestra de las procesiones, trabajos libres, actos sociales, vídeos y exposición de pinturas y otras actividades de interés.​
Semana Santa en Ágreda

La Semana Santa de Ágreda es la celebración de la Semana Santa que se celebra en la localidad soriana de Ágreda (Castilla y León, España). El Viernes Santo en particular está declarado como Fiesta de Interés Turístico Regional.
En la mañana del Viernes Santo la cofradía de la Santa Vera Cruz, fundada en 1556 segunda más antigua de la provincia de Soria (después de la de San Esteban de Gormaz),​​ traslada las primeras imágenes de la iglesia de San Juan al templo de Los Milagros en una procesión en la que los cofrades, conocidos como 'Felipecuartos', lucen sus mejores galas, inspiradas en los trajes que llevaba la nobleza de la época del monarca Felipe IV en el siglo XVII.​ En el acto van acompañados de un escuadrón de soldados romanos y de la banda de cornetas y tambores de la localidad. El acto culmina en la basílica de Nuestra Señora de los Milagros donde se pronuncia el Sermón de las Siete Palabras​
Por la tarde, después de una celebración litúrgica, se desarrolla la Procesión General del Santo Entierro. En el acto más destacado de la Semana Santa en Ágreda se pueden ver los 14 pasos de la cofradía, así como los 12 estandartes de los apóstoles y la Cruz de los Cálices. La procesión sale de la Basílica de Nuestra Señora de los Milagros y al llegar a la iglesia de San Juan Bautista se produce el Encuentro del Santo Cristo y su madre.​
Los trajes de los cofrades junto con la larga tradición de la celebración jugaron un papel primordial para que el Viernes Santo de la localidad de Ágreda recibiera en 2000 el estatus de fiesta de Interés Turístico Regional. Algunas de las piezas de los trajes de los cofrades los bordan las Monjas Concepcionistas de la localidad.​
Semana Santa (2002 film)

Semana santa (also known as Angel of Death) is a 2002 European mystery thriller film directed by Pepe Danquart. It is notable for its international cast including Mira Sorvino and Alida Valli in her final film appearance.
During the Spanish Civil War the 14-year-old Doña Catalina (Yohana Cobo) is captured by war criminal Antonio Alvarez. She is forced to witness how her father is murdered with a traditional bullfighting weapon known as „rejón de muerte“. Following that her father's murderer rapes her. After this traumatic experience she can get hold of a knife and attempts to take revenge. But she is grabbed by one of Alvarez' accomplices who also tries to abuse her. She stabs him and escapes. A friendly couple saves her. Doña Catalina recovers but turns out being pregnant. The birth is difficult and the couple tells Doña her boy had died. Later they disappear and take the allegedly dead boy with them.
The war criminal who raped her remains unpunished. More than that, after the war he gets more and more powerful as a local politician. He keeps on befathering teenage girls, always getting away by making presents and paying child support. Yet a Christian brotherhood expels him.
Forty years later, during the Semana Santa, again people get killed in the same manner Alvarez once murdered Doña's father. Police detective Quemada and his new colleague Maria Delgado try to find a trace. They interview the leader of a Christian brotherhood and later on an expert for bullfighting. Finally it is revealed that the late Antonio Alvarez had advised his illegitimate sons to stick together and had hereby created a still existing network.
The sons believe they had to get back at their father's former enemies. Doña's lost son is on top of this conspiracy. As a high-ranked local policeman he is a superior of Quemada and Delgado. In order to oppress the truth he doesn't hesitate to kill his subordinates or even his half-brothers.
In the end Doña saves Maria Delgado's life by firing a gun at her lost son.
Critics occasionally found the film adaptation of David Hewson's novel Santa Semana not completely logical.
Octave of Easter

The Octave of Easter is the eight-day period, or octave, that begins on Easter Sunday and ends with Second Sunday of Easter. It marks the beginning of Eastertide. The first seven of these eight days are also collectively known as Easter Week.
In the Ordinary Form of the Roman Rite, Easter is one of two solemnities with octaves; the other is Christmas. The days of the octave are given the second-highest rank in the calendar (second only to the Paschal Triduum and Easter itself), ranking even above normal solemnities. The paschal sequence Victimae paschali laudes may be sung before the gospel reading on each of these days.
The Gospel readings for each of middle days within the octave are taken from the various Scriptural accounts of the Resurrection of Jesus.
The Octave of Easter is celebrated with daily Mass. The Lutheran Missal states:
Mantle (royal garment)

A royal mantle, or more simply a Mantle, is a garment normally worn by emperors, kings or queens as a symbol of authority. When worn at a coronation, such mantles may be referred to as coronation mantles. Many princes also wear such a mantle. Sometimes the mantles are worn only once, but in other instances they may be worn or used on other occasions, such as during the opening of a session of the nation's legislature. Mantles also feature prominently in state portraiture and artwork featuring monarchs and princes.
In principle, there is no difference between the mantles of an emperor and king. Different countries have their own styles, and the shape of mantles has changed somewhat over the centuries. The oldest coats were not very long, and they were not lined with fur. In the 18th century, cloaks become more like each other and appeared everywhere in Europe. The French example was lined with fur, and a cloak with a long train became standard. The German emperors continued their short coat from the 12th century to the end of their empire. The Hungarian Kings also kept using their short coat from the reign of St Stephen until the end of their kingdom.
Originally, mantles and the religious cope, coming from similar origins as a cloak worn by all classes, were indistinguishable, except that the religious garment may have a flap representing a hood, and the mantle may be fastened at the shoulder instead of the front. Therefore, while the cope was used by all clerics in certain religious ceremonies, the mantle would be used by royalty on occasions of a sacred character.
The non-crowned but inaugurated Dutch kings wear a robe on the French model. In the Netherlands, one does not speak of a coronation mantle but uses the term "royal robe" (Dutch: Koningsmantel; Dutch phonetic: γoningsmant∂l).
Easter mona

The Easter mona (Spanish: Mona de Pascua; Catalan: Mona de Pasqua) is a Spanish kind of cake that is specially eaten on Easter Sunday or Easter Monday in the Spanish regions of Catalonia, Valencia and Murcia.
It is related to similar traditional Easter traditions in Spain and Europe.
The first mention of a sweet mona date back to the 15th century incunable Trobes en lahors de la Verge Maria, and in 1783 the Royal Spanish Academy defined it as: "Valencia and Murcia. Cake baked with eggs in their shell at Easter, known in other parts of the Iberian Peninsula as Hornazo". There are several hypotheses about the origin of the term:
The tradition is also traced back to feasts that Roman shepherds celebrated with cakes or the Beltane, a Celtic festival that was celebrated in the month of May and where pastries with eggs were consumed.
Traditionally, the Easter mona has been a round cake like made with a hard-boiled eggs on top cooked along with the mona, but nowadays, in most parts of Catalonia the eggs have been replaced by chocolate eggs or figures till became the focus of the mona. However, in Valencia and Murcia the traditional recipe has not changed and even there are places where the monas are typical all year, without the hard-boiled egg on it, often under different names such as tonya, panou, pa socarrat, panquemado or coca bova, among other alternatives.
In almost all Catalonia and Valencia, it is customary for godparents to give the mona to their godchild on Easter Sunday. On Easter Monday, families or groups of friends gather together and go somewhere, especially the countryside, to eat the mona. Traditionally, the age of the children was reflected in the number of eggs in the mona, until they were 12 years old. Currently, it is common for godparents to give the mona to their godchildren throughout their lives.
The Easter mona tradition is tied to that of bakers, who make works of art with pastry and chocolate, and since the mid-nineteenth century, mones have lost their initial simplicity, making their presentation more complex, for they must be elaborated with caramelized sugar, sugar almonds, jams, crunchy toppings, or silver anise, before being decorated with painted Easter eggs or figures made from porcelain, wood, cardboard or fabric.
Bayram (Turkey)

Bayram is the Turkic word for a nationally-celebrated festival or holiday, applicable to both national (i.e. secular) and religious celebrations.
Likely owing to the enduring Ottoman Turkish influence in the Balkans and parts of South-Eastern Europe, many non-Turkish peoples like Romanians, Bosniaks, Albanian Muslims, Gorani people, Pomaks as well as Muslims from the Northern Caucasus such as Chechens, Avars, Ingush and Muslims from Azerbaijan, Crimea and other Turkic peoples, have similarly adopted the use of the word "Bayram", using the term "Lesser Bairam" to refer to their own Eid al-Fitr celebrations; "Greater Bairam" refers to Eid al Adha.
State holidays in Turkey have set dates under the nationally-used Gregorian Calendar, while the Islamic religious holidays are coordinated and publicly announced in advance by the Government's Presidency of Religious Affairs department according to the Lunar Calendar, and are subsequently accommodated into the national Gregorian Calendar, which results in the dates for religious holidays changing every year with a shift margin of approximately 11 days.
Large scale non-Turkish or non-Islamic traditions and celebrations may similarly be called Bayram. Halloween is called "Cadılar Bayramı" ("Bayram of Witches"), Easter is "Paskalya Bayramı" ("Easter Bayram"), Christmas is "Noel Bayramı" ("Christmas Bayram"), Passover is "Hamursuz Bayramı" ("No-dough Bayram"), and Hanukkah is "Yeniden Adanma Bayramı" ("Renewal" or "Rededication Bayram"). Not every special occasion or holiday is referred to as a Bayram; those that are not include World Health Day, and Liberation of Istanbul, among others.
Former national festival
(The dictionary data base on the TDK site based on: Divanü Lugati't-Türk ("Compendium of the languages of the Turks") of Mahmud al-Kashgari, 1072–1074)
Louarn Darwin

Louarn Darwin (Pseudalopex fulvipes) a zo ur bronneg kigdebrer bihan eus ar genad Pseudalopex.
Dizoloet e voe en Enez Chiloé war aodoù Chili gant Charles Darwin e 1834. Da gentañ e kredjod ne oa anezho nemet en enezenn-se met ur boblañs vihan a voe dizoloet e 1990 e Park Broadel Nahuelbuta ha studioù genel o deus diskouezet eo al louarn-se ur spesad distag.
Pseudalopex zo ur genad er c'herentiad Canidae. Liammet a-bell eo ouzh ar bleizi ha distag diouzh al lern zo izili eus ar genad Vulpes. Pa dapas Darwin unan e 1834 e verzas e oa disheñvel diouzh ar spesadoù kavet war ar c'hevandir (P. culpaeus ha P. griseus) ha ne c'helle ket gouennañ gant spesadoù all ar genad Pseudalopex.
E-pad ar pleistosen e oa staget enez Chiloe ouzh an douar-bras gant ur pont douar. Beuzet e voe hemañ 15.000 bloaz 'zo e fin ar maread-skorn diwezhañ. Div boblañs distag a lern Darwin a voe krouet gant an darvoud-se.
Ur vlevenn gell-du pe du gant brizhelloù ruzart war e zremm en deus louarn Darwin. Bihanoc'h eo eget spesadoù ar c'hevandir ha berroc'h eo e bavioù. Etre 2 ha 4 kg eo e bouez.
Er c'hoadegoù klouar hepken e kaver louarn Darwin.. Un aneval oberiant da serr-noz eo dreist-holl.
Louarn Darwin
Koadeg

Ul ledennad gwez, brousgwez ha plant all o c'holoiñ ur gorread bras eo ar goadeg, pe ar wezeg, ha ne gaver nemet e broioù glavek. Liesseurt kenañ eo ar c'hoadegoù dre o ment, o uhelder, o stankter, hag an hin : lodenn vrasañ ar c'hoadeier zo en takad trovanel (45%), ha war-lerc'h en Hanternoz, dindan hin kerreizh hag evit echuiñ en takad istrovanel. Er c'hoadeier emañ 80% eus bevliesseurted ar bed.
Gant koad + -eg, lostger al lieskementiñ eo bet savet ar ger. Koulskoude e vez implijet koad evit meur a ledennad bihan gwez ken ez eus un diforc'h brasted etre koadeg ha koad, honnezh brasoc'h eget ur c'hoad.
A-bouez-bras eo ar c'hoadegoù evit an dourredennoù pa 'z int al lechioù ma vez miret un darn eus an glaveier diwar an diaezhennad ha diwar an dinaouiñ re vuan : dindan gwez ar c'hoadegoù e c'hell an douar chom gleb diehan ha daleet eo kas an dour d'an traoñ. El lec'hioù m'eo bet distrujet ar c'hoadegoù e cheñch an hin ken e teu da vezañ sec'hoc'h. Pa vez kaset d'an traoñ koadegoù ar menezioù e weler ar c'hrignerezh o kas an douar krouet gant ar gwez diwar o delioù kouezhet ha tamm-ha-tamm e teu ar reier war-wel en-dro.
Ar gounid-koad eo "merañ" ur goadeg evit tennañ gounid deusouti. Filierenn ar c'hoad zo a-bouezh e PDK un dek bro bennak er bed.
Evit an dudi e ya an dud da vale er c'hoadeier, evit ar blijadur hepken, evit kutuilh bleunioù, frouezh pe kebell-touseg, evit chaseal. Ar shinrin-yoku zo un terapiezh evit ar c'horf hag ar spered er c'hoadoù hag a zeu eus Bro-Japan.
War-dro 8000 bloaz zo e voe krog an dud, en harp an tan, da zigoadañ an hantervoul norzh, o kregiñ gant Sina. Chomet eo ar goadeg e-barzh kontadennoù ha mojennoù tost holl sevenadurioù ar bed avat. Degas a ra ar goadeg vojennel Brekilien da soñj e drouized ha hud.
Ministry of Ecological Transition (France)

The Ministry of Ecological Transition (French: Ministère de la Transition écologique), commonly just referred to as Ministry of Ecology, is a department of the Government of France. It is responsible for preparing and implementing the government's policy in the fields of sustainable development, climate, energy transition and biodiversity. Agnès Pannier-Runacher was appointed Minister of Ecological Transition, Energy, Climate and Risk Prevention on 21 September 2024 under Prime Minister Michel Barnier.
The cabinet ministry is in Paris, while the ministry's administration is in the following places: Grande Arche Paroi Sud and Tour Sequoia, both in La Défense.
On 8 January 1971, under President Georges Pompidou, the Ministry of the Environment (Ministère de l'Environnement) was created as a ministry subordinate to the Prime Minister of France. The first Minister of the Environment was Robert Poujade. From 1974 to 1977, the position was renamed Minister of Quality of Life; in 1978 it became Minister of the Environment and Way of Life. Sustainable development was added in 2002.
The ministry's administration is headquartered in Tour Sequoia and La Grande Arche, both in La Défense. The cabinet of the minister is within the Hôtel de Roquelaure, Boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris.
The ministry is responsible for the country's environmental policy (preservation of biodiversity, Climate Kyoto Protocol application, environmental control of industries), transportation (air, road, railway and sea regulation departments), national parks and housing policy. The ministry distributes funds to research agencies or councils. As of 2017, the ministry is also responsible for energy policy.
The Minister delegate of Transport, currently Jean-Baptiste Djebbari, is in charge of transport policy.
The Minister delegate of Housing, currently Emmanuelle Wargon, is in charge of housing policy.
The Secretary of State in charge of Biodiversity, currently Bérangère Abba, is in charge of biodiversity policy.
Roadstead of Brest

The roadstead of Brest (French: rade de Brest, French pronunciation: [ʁad də bʁɛst]; Breton: Lenn-vor Brest) is a roadstead or bay located in the Finistère department in Brittany in northwestern France. The surface area is about 180 km² (70 sq mi). The port of Brest and one of the two French naval bases, Brest Arsenal, are located on its northern edge. It is linked to the Atlantic Ocean (called the Iroise Sea at this point) by the Goulet de Brest, a strait about 1.8 km wide. Three main rivers drain into the roadstead: the Penfeld (the town of Brest and the first buildings of the naval base were built on its banks), the Élorn (or river of Landerneau) and the Aulne (or river of Châteaulin).
For a number of centuries, Brest has been an important military port. The easily defensible roadstead of Brest therefore has a number of military installations, for example:
One can also find many remains of old military fortifications and other ruins from past centuries, like the forts at Portzic, at pointe des Espagnols, etc.
On 3 March 1685, the author François-Timoléon de Choisy paused at Roche Mengant (a rock in the middle of the entry into the roadstead) whilst on his way from Brest to Siam, and had the following to say about the defences:
Thanks to its layout, the roadstead harbours a wide diversity of natural habitats and a high level of biodiversity. It also includes many sites of importance for birds, several networks of habitats and underwater corridors and coastal areas of importance. These areas have been greatly affected by the human activities in the north-west, but have justified the classification of around half of the roadstead as a zone in Natura 2000.
The rich ecology of the roadstead has been diminished by the past exploitation of certain resources, and by the presence of a number of pollutants including heavy metals and tributyltin which were used as biocides in anti-fouling bottom paints. These products are now illegal, but they remain present in sediments and certain organisms. The products which have replaced them for small boats (e.g. Diuron and Irgarol) pose similar problems and have been measured in non-negligible quantities in the roadstead by Ifremer in 2003-2004.
The roadstead is also a victim of the after-effects of war, and in particular the waves of pollution from the First and the Second World Wars. Pollutants trapped in submerged or unexploded munitions are expected to aggravate existing pollution with the first large leaks predicted by experts to occur in the years 2000-2010.
48°20′02″N 4°28′47″W﻿ / ﻿48.33389°N 4.47972°W﻿ / 48.33389; -4.47972
Badwater snail

The Badwater snail (Angustassiminea infima) is a species of small salt marsh snail endemic to the Badwater Basin in Death Valley. It is found only at low elevations near spring sources, and only in regions with relatively low precipitation. It is capable of living completely submerged in the spring water.
The species was described in 1947.
Water level decreases and trampling from hikers threaten the Badwater snail, and as of 2001 the Badwater snail is at only approximately 15% of their natural population distribution.
Decollate snail

The decollate snail, scientific name Rumina decollata, is a medium-sized predatory land snail, a species of terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Achatinidae. It originated in the Mediterranean but has been introduced in a number of areas worldwide. It was recently found to represent a species complex.
This species is native to the Mediterranean excluding south-east Mediterranean.
It is introduced in Israel and in Egypt since Roman times. It has been introduced into North America, including Phoenix and Glendale, Arizona, and other areas Fresno, California as a biological control agent, in hopes of controlling populations of the brown garden snail. Also found in southern Brazil, and in Great Britain, as a "hothouse alien".
The shell of the decollate snail is long and roughly cone-shaped. It grows to approximately 40–45 mm (1.6–1.8 in) in length and a width of 14 mm (0.55 in), and upon reaching mature size, grinds or chips off the end of its own shell by moving its body roughly against hard surfaces, so that the shell takes on a decollate shape, tapering to a blunt end.
Sexual maturity occurs at approximately 10 months. An adult is capable of laying 500 eggs in its lifetime. The eggs are deposited singly in the soil and hatch within 10–45 days.
Rumina decollata is a voracious predator, and will readily feed upon common garden snails and slugs and their eggs. The snail eats plant matter as well, but this generalist predator is indiscriminate in its feeding and has been implicated in the decimation of native gastropods (including non-pest species) and beneficial annelids.
Decollate snails are tolerant of dry and cold conditions, during which they burrow deep into the soil. They are most active during the night and during rainfall.
अनुभूती डबा

अनुभूती डबा किंवा अनुभूती कोच हा भारतीय रेल्वेमध्ये वापरला जाणारा एक प्रकारचा प्रवासी लक्झरी LHB कोच आहे. या डब्यात अनेक अत्याधुनिक सोयीसुविधा उपलब्ध आहेत. हे डबे शताब्दी आणि राजधानी एक्स्प्रेस गाड्यांमध्ये जोडले जात आहेत.
पश्चिम रेल्वेला १२ डिसेंबर २०१७ रोजी मुंबई सेंट्रल-अहमदाबाद शताब्दी एक्सप्रेससाठी पहिला अनुभूती रेल्वे कोच मिळाला. मध्य रेल्वेने २५ डिसेंबर २०१७ पासून पुणे-सिकंदराबाद शताब्दी एक्सप्रेसला अनुभूती कोचसह वाढवले. दक्षिण रेल्वे चेन्नई सेंट्रल-कोइम्बतूर शताब्दी एक्सप्रेसमध्ये अनुभूती कोच जोडलेले आहेत.
५६ आसन क्षमता असलेले हे अत्याधुनिक LHB डबे आहेत, ज्यात अर्गोनॉमिकली डिझाइन केलेले कुशन सीट्स, एलसीडी स्क्रीन, मॉड्यूलर टॉयलेट्स आणि स्टायलिश इंटीरियर्स आहेत, २०१४ च्या रेल्वे बजेटमध्ये घोषित केले गेले आहेत, रायबरेली कोच फॅक्टरीमध्ये तयार केले जाणार आहेत. त्यांना स्वयंचलित दरवाजे बसवलेले आहेत, आतील भाग आणि प्रकाश व्यवस्था सौंदर्यपूर्ण पद्धतीने वातावरण वाढवण्यासाठी तयार केली जाईल.
कोकण रेल्वे क्षेत्र

कोकण रेल्वे हा मुंबई व मंगळूर ह्या महत्त्वाच्या बंदरांना जोडणारा भारतीय रेल्वेचा एक मार्ग आहे. भारताच्या पश्चिम किनारपट्टीवर अरबी समुद्राच्या किनाऱ्यावर वसलेल्या कोकण ह्या भौगोलिक प्रदेशामधून धावणारा कोकण रेल्वे मार्ग महाराष्ट्राच्या रायगड जिल्ह्यामधील मध्य रेल्वेवरील रोहा स्थानक येथे सुरू होतो व कर्नाटकातील तोकुर येथे संपतो. २६ जानेवारी १९९८ रोजी खुल्या करण्यात आलेल्या कोकण रेल्वेची लांबी ७४१ किमी आहे.
कोकण रेल्वे मार्गाचे विद्युतीकरणाचे झाले आहे. रोहा ते रत्‍नागिरी या दरम्यान २२ फेब्रुवारीपासून २०२१पासून OHE अर्थात ओव्हरहेड इलेक्ट्रिक वाहिनीमधून २५ किलोव्होल्टचा विद्युत प्रवाह वाहतो. ४ मार्च २०२१ रोजी पहिल्यांदा विजेवर धावणारे इंजिन चालवून यशस्वी चाचणी घेण्यात आली. त्यानंतर रोहा ते रत्‍नागिरी असे पहिले विद्युत इंजिन धावले. ही चाचणी यश्स्वी झाल्याने आता कोकण रेल्वे मार्गावरील गाड्या यापुढे विजेवर चालणार आहेत. (७ मार्च २०२१ची बातमी.)
मुंबई व मंगळूर ह्या दोन बंदरांदरम्यान थेट मार्ग नसल्यामुळे रेल्वे वाहतूक लांबच्या मार्गाने (पुणे-सोलापूर-बंगळूर) चालू होती. तसेच उंचसखल भूभाग, अनेक नद्या, अतिवृष्टी इत्यादी कारणांमुळे कोकणामध्ये रेल्वे चालू करण्यात अनेक अडथळे येत होते. रेल्वे वाहतूक उपलब्ध नसल्यामुळे कोकणाचा विकास खुंटण्याची भिती व्यक्त करण्यात येत होती. मधू दंडवते, जॉर्ज फर्नान्डिस इत्यादी कोकणी नेत्यांनी केंद्रीय पातळीवर कोकण रेल्वे बांधण्याची मागणी चालू ठेवली. १९६६ साली दिवा-पनवेल मार्ग बांधला गेला व १९८६ मध्ये तो रोहापर्यंत वाढवला गेला. १९९० साली तत्कालीन रेल्वेमंत्री जॉर्ज फर्नान्डिसांच्या नेतृत्वाखाली नवी मुंबईमधील सी.बी.डी. बेलापूर येथे मुख्यालय असलेल्या कोकण रेल्वे कॉर्पोरेशन ह्या कंपनीची स्थापना करण्यात आली. ई. श्रीधरन हे कोकण रेल्वे कॉर्पोरेशनचे पहिले अध्यक्ष होते. १५ सप्टेंबर १९९० रोजी रोहा येथे कोकण रेल्वेचा पायाभरणी समारंभ पार पडला.
७४० किमी लांबीचा हा मार्ग महाड, रत्‍नागिरी उत्तर, रत्‍नागिरी दक्षिण, कुडाळ, पणजी, कारवार व उडुपी ह्या प्रत्येकी १०० किमी लांबीच्या ७ भागांमध्ये विभागण्यात आला व प्रत्येक विभागाचे काम स्वतंत्रपणे सुरू करण्यात आले. परदेशांमधून अद्ययावत बांधकाम तंत्रे वापरणारी यंत्रे बांधकामासाठी मागवली गेली. लार्सन अँड टूब्रो, गॅमन इंडिया ह्या भारतामधील मोठ्या बांधकाम कंपन्यांना बांधकामाची कंत्राटे दिली गेली. भूसंपादनामधील अडथळे, अनेक कोर्ट खटले, दुर्गम भूरचना, पावसाळ्यात येणारे पूर व कोसळणाऱ्या दरडी इत्यादी बाबींमुळे कोकण रेल्वेच्या बांधकामाचे वेळापत्रक रखडले. कोकण रेल्वेमार्गावरील पहिली रेल्वे २० मार्च १९९३ रोजी मंगळूर ते उडुपी दरम्यान धावली. रोहा-वीर-खेड-सावंतवाडी ह्या मार्गाचे काम डिसेंबर १९९६ मध्ये पूर्ण झाले. उत्तर गोव्यामधील पेडणे येथील एका बोगद्याचे काम पूर्ण होण्यास एकूण ७ वर्षां ३ महिन्याचा कालावधी लागला. अखेर २६ जानेवारी १९९८ रोजी कोकण रेल्वेचे उद्घाटन करण्यात आले.कोकण रेल्वेच्या निर्मितीमध्ये अनेक अडचणी आल्या.जवळपास ४७ हजार कुटुंब विस्थापित झाले .