davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Vehicle registration plates of Native American tribes in the United States

Several Native American tribes in the United States register motor vehicles and issue license plates to those vehicles.
The legal status of these plates varies by tribe, with some being recognized by the federal government and others not. Some nations issue plates for both tribal and personal vehicles, while others issue plates only for official tribal vehicles.
Some nations' plates indicate the U.S. state with which they are most closely associated, while others do not. This variation may even exist among the nations associated with one particular state.
Federally recognized tribes may also lease vehicles through the U.S. General Services Administration under certain circumstances. Such vehicles carry U.S. government license plates.
All tribal plates in South Dakota are issued by the state. There are nine tribes recognized. All nine have non-graphic, tax exempt plates beginning with a tribe-specific prefix, for use on official vehicles. Seven of the nine tribes also have graphic plates available for private vehicles. The graphic plates are available to all South Dakota residents; no tribal affiliation is required.
Official, tribally owned vehicles bearing plates issued by tribes are allowed to use public roads under Washington state law. The Yakama tribe began issuing plates to all members in 2011.
Wisconsin Department of Transportation has reciprocal recognition of vehicle registration with the indicated Tribal organizations. It allows for unrestricted use and operations of vehicles registered with either the State of Wisconsin or the Tribal jurisdictions as per Wisconsin Statutes Section 341.409.
Vehicle registration plates of Wisconsin

The U.S. state of Wisconsin first required its residents to register their motor vehicles and display license plates in 1905. Plates are currently issued by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) through its Division of Motor Vehicles. Front and rear plates are required for most classes of vehicles, while only rear plates are required for motorcycles and trailers.
In 1956, the United States, Canada, and Mexico came to an agreement with the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators, the Automobile Manufacturers Association and the National Safety Council that standardized the size for license plates for vehicles (except those for motorcycles) at 6 inches (15 cm) in height by 12 inches (30 cm) in width, with standardized mounting holes. The 1956 (dated 1957) issue was the first Wisconsin license plate that complied with these standards.
Tribal and Indian nation plates are given to members and nonmembers who reside on their respective reservation. All truck plates start with "T", except for Oneida, which starts with "TK" in place of "7G" on 1999-2004 plates. Some have disabled plates available. Motorcycle plates are available for all plate designs. Plates also bear special-design expiration stickers unavailable to the rest of the state or other reservations.
Third Mumbai

Third Mumbai officially named as Karnala-Sai-Chirner New Town also known as KSC New Town is a proposed city in the state of Maharashtra in India. It includes the notified areas within the influence zone of Mumbai Trans Harbour Link (MTHL also known as Atal Setu) and Navi Mumbai Airport Influence Notified Area (NAINA).
Third Mumbai was announced in 2013 to prevent haphazard development of the upcoming Navi Mumbai International Airport area. It was previously known as Navi Mumbai Airport Influence Notified Area (NAINA). After the inauguration of the sea link bridge between Mumbai and Navi Mumbai called as Atal Setu also known as Mumbai Trans Harbour Link, the notified area around the bridge was also included in the project of NAINA and collectively these areas was called as Third Mumbai. On 21 October 2024, the nodal agency MMRDA for the proposed city officially named the city of Third Mumbai as Karnala-Sai-Chirner New Town on the name of the three renowned villages Karnala, Sai and Chirner in the areas of the proposed city. In short form it is called as KSC New Town.
The aim of the planning for Third Mumbai was to provide better housing, infrastructure and robust transport facilities to the increasing population of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region in the state of Maharashtra. On 7 December 2024, the chief minister Devendra Fadnavis at a program India Business Leader Awards (IBLA) held by CNBC-TV18, highlighted the development of a new business district in the region of the Third Mumbai. He said that the area of the Third Mumbai would be three times the size of the current city of Mumbai. He also said "This will be the next business capital of India"
The government of Maharashtra is planning to set up the proposed city as a global city. In the city, sector-specific areas and innovation centres would be developed, which will include Edu City, Medi City, Global Capability Centres (GCC) and Data Centres, etc. In the areas of the Edu City, the world's top five universities campuses are expected to be established. The Edu City will be the education hub of the proposed city.
The Indian Railway is planning for the extension of the Mumbai Suburban railway in the region of Third Mumbai. The Indian Railway is planning for construction of corridors in the region of Third Mumbai through the Mumbai Urban Transport Project Phase (MUTP)-4.
Herringbone (cloth)

Herringbone, also called broken twill weave, describes a distinctive V-shaped weaving pattern usually found in twill fabric. It is distinguished from a plain chevron by the break at reversal, which makes it resemble a broken zigzag. The pattern is called herringbone because it resembles the skeleton of a herring fish. Herringbone-patterned fabric is usually wool, and is one of the most popular cloths used for suits and outerwear. Tweed cloth is often woven with a herringbone pattern.
Fatigue uniforms made from cotton in this weave were used by several militaries during and after World War II; in US use, they were often called HBTs.
Various herringbone weaves have been found in antiquity:
Academic dress of Liverpool John Moores University

The academic dress of Liverpool John Moores University is the formal attire worn by academics and graduating students at the university on formal occasions. This includes graduation and inauguration ceremonies of senior academic officers where it is compulsory to be worn. The regalia has been used since the institute was granted university status in 1992 were Ede & Ravenscroft was appointed the official tailor for academic dress.
Those receiving a Bachelor's degree from the university wear a dark blue gown and a dark blue mortarboard with dark blue tassel. The hood is grey silk embossed with the university coat of arms
Candidates accepting a Master's degree wear a dark blue gown and a dark blue mortarboard with dark blue tassel. The gown has grey silk trims going down the edges of the front with rows of the university coat of arms embossed on each trim. The hood is grey silk also embossed with the coat of arms.
Research graduates receiving a Ph.D wear a dark blue tudor bonnet with red tassel. The gown is scarlet with dark blue trims going down the edges of the front with embossments of the university coat of arms. The gown has dark blue under layers on the arms with a dark blue trim on the top edges, also embossed with the coat of arms. The hood is scarlet and dark blue.
The chancellor is chosen by the university board of governors and wears a dark blue gown with golden trims along its edges. As chancellor, the arms of the gown have two golden lace stripes which are separated by a split in the centre of the arm which has a golden trim on the edges. on the sides of the gown there are four golden lace stripes same as those on the arms. Each arm of the gown has a golden liver bird and olive branch stripes on the edges of the shoulder. The chancellor wears a dark blue tudor bonnet with gold tassel. The hood is dark blue with a gold trim.
The gown of the pro-chancellor is dark blue with a gold and white trim on the front edges of the gown. The arms have a white trim on the edges and a gold liver bird printed on both arms. The pro-chancellor wears a dark blue tudor bonnet with a gold tassel.
The vice-chancellor wears a dark blue gown with light blue and gold trims on the front edges going down the gown. Both arms have golden liver birds on them as symbols of the City of Liverpool and a light blue block stripe on the edges of the shoulders. Unlike the chancellor, the vice-chancellor has one golden lace stripe on each arm, separated by a split in the centre of the arm which has a golden trim on the edges. Both sides of the gown have two golden lace pattern bands, same to that on the arms. The vice-chancellor wears a dark blue mortar board with golden tassel and golden trim on the edge were the hat fits on the head.
Tent revival

Tent revivals, also known as tent meetings, are a gathering of Christian worshipers in a tent erected specifically for revival meetings, evangelism, and healing crusades. Tent revivals have had both local and national ministries.
The tent revival is generally a large tent or tents erected for a community gathering in which people gather to hear a preacher in hopes of healing, peace, forgiveness, etc. In the continental United States, from an administrative perspective tent revivals have ranged from small, locally based tents holding as few as a hundred people to large organizations with a fleet of trucks and tents able to hold thousands.
Most tent revivals in the U.S. have been held by Methodist Christians (inclusive of the holiness movement), as well as Pentecostal Christians. Some tent meetings are ecumenical, with the participation of Christian preachers from different denominations. As tent revivals are held outdoors, they have attracted people who after hearing the preaching undergo a conversion experience and join a local Christian church. With radio and television playing an increasingly important part in American culture, some preachers such as Oral Roberts, a very successful tent revivalist, made the transition to these media. Such pioneers were the early televangelists. Other evangelists who have been noted for their continued use of tents in crusades include David Terrell, R.W. Schambach, Reinhard Bonnke and J. A. Pérez.
In Methodism (inclusive of the holiness movement), tent revivals occur at various parts of the year, especially in the summer, for preaching the doctrines of the New Birth (first work of grace) and Entire Sanctification (second work of grace).
Among Baptists, preachers at tent revivals focus their sermons on the New Birth with those receiving it undergoing baptism.
The World Turned Upside Down

"The World Turned Upside Down" is an English ballad. It was first published on a broadside in the middle of the 1640s as a protest against the policies of Parliament relating to the celebration of Christmas.
Parliament believed the holiday should be a solemn occasion, and outlawed traditional English Christmas celebrations, which were seen as too closely associated with Catholicism. There are several versions of the lyrics. It is sung to the tune of another ballad, "When the king enjoys his own again".
Its origin is in the Scripture: "But the other Jews which believed not, moved with envy, took unto them certain lewd fellows of the baser sort, and gathered a company, and set all the city on an uproar, and assaulted the house of Jason, and sought to bring them out to the people. (6) And when they found them not, they drew Jason and certain brethren unto the rulers of the city, crying, 'These that have turned the world upside down are come hither also; Whom Jason hath received: and these all do contrary to the decrees of Caesar, saying that there is another king, one Jesus'." Acts 17:5–7
According to American legend, the British Army band under Lord Cornwallis played this tune when they surrendered after the Siege of Yorktown (1781). Customarily, the British Army would have played an American or French tune in tribute to the victors, but General Washington refused them the honours of war and insisted that they play "a British or German march." Although American history textbooks continue to propagate the legend, the story is almost certain to have been apocryphal as it first appears in the historical record a century after the surrender.
The following is the text found in the Thomason Tracts (669. f. 10 (47)), dated 8 April 1646.
This song was recorded by Maddy Prior with The Carnival Band on their album Hang Up Sorrow and Care.
A different song with the same title was written by Leon Rosselson, and made popular by Billy Bragg.
The song is referenced in the novel Burr by Gore Vidal.
This song is referenced in the 2015 Broadway musical Hamilton in the song "Yorktown (The World Turned Upside Down)".
In 1972, the Marxist historian Christopher Hill published The World Turned Upside Down: Radical Ideas During the English Revolution ISBN 0-85117-025-0. In a review of this book for the publisher Routledge historians Harman Bhogal and Liam Haydon wrote:
In 2019 a sculpture by Mark Wallinger titled "The World Turned Upside Down" was unveiled on the campus of the London School of Economics. It is a political globe with the south pole on top. It is 4 metres (13 ft) in diameter and displays the nations and borders of the United Nations.
The song is repeatedly referred to in Robertson Davies' novel Murther and Walking Spirits as being popular among loyalists during the American revolution.
Bupkis (TV series)

Bupkis is an American comedy drama television series created by and starring Pete Davidson. It premiered on Peacock on May 4, 2023.
In June 2023, the series was renewed for a second season. However, Davidson announced in March 2024 that he had chosen to not move forward with the second season.
The show is described as a "heightened fictionalized version of Pete Davidson's life", and has been compared to Louis C.K.'s Louie and Larry David's Curb Your Enthusiasm.
The series was first announced in March 2022, with Pete Davidson developing the series alongside Judah Miller and Dave Sirus, and Jason Orley set to direct. Davidson was also set to star. The series was given a greenlight by Peacock in April. The following month, Edie Falco was announced to play Davidson's mother in the series. In August, Joe Pesci was added to the cast as Davidson's grandfather. It was Pesci's second starring role in a television series, his first being the 1985 series Half Nelson.
Filming for the series began by October 2022, with a first look image of Davidson and Pesci released by Peacock. Most of the filming was done in New York. In April 2023, it was revealed that David Howard Thornton would appear in the series as Art the Clown. On June 23, 2023, Peacock renewed the series for a second season, but Davidson ultimately announced that he would not move forward with it.
All eight episodes of the first season were released on May 4, 2023, exclusively on Peacock. The series made its linear premiere on NBC in the United States on the early morning hours of June 4, 2023. In Canada, the series premiered May 25, 2023 on Showcase.
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 78% based on 51 reviews, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "Pete Davidson's second crack at playing a fictionalized version of himself may feel faintly recycled, but a terrific supporting cast and some surprising depth ensure this series adds up to more than just Bupkis." Metacritic gave the first season a weighted average score of 67 out of 100 based on 25 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Lontong pical

Lontong pical marupoan jinih lontong di Minangkabau, Sumatra Barat. Babeda jo lontong lain nan manggunoan gulai, lontong pical manggunoaan lontong, mie kuniang, jo aneka sayua jo siraman kuah kacang. Sayua dalam lontong pical yaitu rabuang, jantuang pisang, lobak, mintimun, lalidih, jo daun pucuak parancih. Sado sayua diabuih talabiah daulu, kacuali lobak nan dipadiaan mantah. Lontong picang dapek ditamuan hampia di sado daerah di Sumatra Barat, biasonyo disadoan di tampek sarapan pagi atau pun pasa rakyaik.
Bahan nan digunoan untuak mambuek bumbu pical yaitu kacang tanah, lado, kapua siriah, kancua/cakua, saka, jo daun limau. Caro mambuek kuah kacang goreng kacang jo aluihan sado bumbum. Masak kacang nan alah dialuihan jo bumbu. Samantaro itu siapan bahan utamonyo abuih mi jo aneka sayua. Kudian siapan lontong, mie, jo susun sayua di atehnyo jo siraman kuah kacang.
Gulai sotong

Gulai sotong marupoan jinih masakan lauik nan acok ditamui di daerah pasisia Sumatera Barat. Bahan utamo masakan ko adolah sotong atau cumi-cumi. Gulai sotong baciri khas kuah gulai kuniang nan dicampua jo rempah. Biasonyo disajian basamo masakan lauik lainnyo sarupo gulai kapalo lauak. Gulai sotong ado pulo nan dicampua jo kacang panjang atau asam tunjuak.
Bahan-bahan nan digunoan untuak mamasak gulai sotong adolah sotong, asam kandih, daun kunyik, daun salam, daun limau, sarai, langkuweh, sipadeh, tomat, kacang panjang jo santan. Untuak bumbu aluihnyo manggunoan lado merah, bawang merah, bawang putiah, jo kunyik. Sabalun dimasak, sotong dibarasiahan. Tumih bumbu aluih samo daun salam, daun limau, jo asam kandih sampai harum. Kalau alah harum baru ditambahan aia. Salanjuiknyo masuakan kacang panjang jo sotong, diaduak sampai marato. Kalau alah manggalagak, masuakan tomat jo santan, aduak sampai manggalagak.
Hoisin sauce

Hoisin sauce is a thick, fragrant sauce originating from China. It features in many Chinese cuisines, but is most prominent in Cantonese cuisine. It can be used as a glaze for meat, an addition to stir fry, or as dipping sauce. It is dark-coloured, sweet and salty. Although regional variants exist, hoisin sauce usually includes soybeans, fennel, red chili peppers, and garlic. Vinegar, five-spice powder, and sugar are also commonly added.
The word hoisin is derived from the Cantonese pronunciation of the Chinese words for "seafood" (simplified Chinese: 海鲜; traditional Chinese: 海鮮; Cantonese Yale: hói sīn; pinyin: hǎixiān), although the sauce does not contain any seafood ingredients and is not commonly consumed with seafood. The reason for the name is "seafood flavour", a common adjective in Chinese cuisine, especially Sichuanese ("fish fragrant").
The key ingredient of hoisin sauce is fermented soybean paste.
Some hoisin sauce ingredients include starches such as sweet potato, wheat and rice, and water, sugar, soybeans, sesame seeds, white distilled vinegar, salt, garlic, red chili peppers, and sometimes preservatives or coloring agents. Traditionally, hoisin sauce is made using toasted mashed soybeans.
Hoisin sauce is used in Cantonese cuisine as a marinade sauce for meat such as char siu, or as a dipping sauce for steamed or panfried rice noodle roll (cheung fun 肠粉).
Hoisin sauce is used as a dipping sauce for Peking duck and lettuce wraps. Hoisin sauce is used as a dipping sauce for moo shu pork.
In Vietnamese, hoisin sauce is called tương đen. It is a popular condiment for phở, a Vietnamese noodle soup, in southern Vietnam. The sauce can be directly added into a bowl of phở at the table, or it can be used as a dip for the meat of phở dishes. In phở, hoisin is typically accompanied by Sriracha sauce or tương đỏ. The hoisin sauce is also used to make a dipping sauce for Vietnamese gỏi cuốn (often translated as 'summer roll') and other similar dishes. In cooking, it can be used for glazing broiled chicken.
తాషి, నుంగ్షి మాలిక్

తాషి, నుంగ్షీ మాలిక్ (జననం 21 జూన్ 1991) ఏడు శిఖరాలను అధిరోహించి ఉత్తర, దక్షిణ ధ్రువాలను చేరుకొని అడ్వెంచర్స్ గ్రాండ్ స్లామ్, త్రీ పోల్స్ ఛాలెంజ్ ను పూర్తి చేసిన మొదటి తోబుట్టువులు, కవలలు.
మాలిక్ కవలలు (తాషి, నుంగ్షి) భారతదేశంలోని హర్యానా రాష్ట్రానికి చెందినవారు. వీరు హర్యానాలోని అన్వాలి సోనిపట్ జిల్లా గ్రామానికి చెందిన కల్నల్ వీరేంద్ర సింగ్ మాలిక్ అనే భారత సైనికాధికారి, అతని భార్య అంజూ థాపా దంపతులకు జన్మించారు. కల్నల్ మాలిక్ భారత సైన్యం నుండి పదవీ విరమణ చేసిన తరువాత వారు డెహ్రాడూన్ లో స్థిరపడ్డారు.
మధ్యప్రదేశ్, ఉత్తరప్రదేశ్, ఉత్తరాఖండ్, తమిళనాడు, కేరళ, మణిపూర్ రాష్ట్రాల్లోని పలు పాఠశాలల్లో బాలికలు చదువుకున్నారు. 2013లో సిక్కిం మణిపాల్ యూనివర్సిటీ నుంచి జర్నలిజం అండ్ మాస్ కమ్యూనికేషన్ లో గ్రాడ్యుయేషన్ పూర్తి చేశారు. వీరికి యునైటెడ్ స్టేట్స్ లోని వెర్మాంట్ లోని స్కూల్ ఆఫ్ ఇంటర్నేషనల్ ట్రైనింగ్ నుండి శాంతి, సంఘర్షణ పరిష్కారంలో సర్టిఫికేట్ ఉంది. ఈ కవల సోదరీమణులు 2015 లో న్యూజిలాండ్లోని ఇన్వర్కార్గిల్లోని సదరన్ ఇన్స్టిట్యూట్ ఆఫ్ టెక్నాలజీ నుండి స్పోర్ట్ అండ్ ఎక్సర్సైజ్లో పట్టభద్రులయ్యారు.
ఏప్రిల్ 13, 2023 న, నుంగ్షీ మాలిక్ భారతదేశంలోని ఉత్తరాఖండ్లోని డెహ్రాడూన్లో అవినాష్ జాకబ్ వర్గీస్ను వివాహం చేసుకున్నారు. కొన్నాళ్లకు న్యూజిలాండ్ లోని ఇన్వర్ కార్గిల్ కు మకాం మార్చారు.
నమితా చందేల్

నమితా చందేల్ (జననం:1993 ఫిబ్రవరి 10, సియోని) ఒక భారతీయ కానోయిస్ట్, ఆమె 2016 లో జాతీయ కానో స్ప్రింట్ ఛాంపియన్షిప్లో నాలుగు బంగారు పతకాలు, 2017 లో ఒకటి గెలుచుకుంది. ఆమె 2022 ఆసియా కానో స్ప్రింట్ ఛాంపియన్షిప్లో భారతదేశానికి ప్రాతినిధ్యం వహించింది, అక్కడ ఆమె సి -4 200 మీటర్ల విభాగంలో కాంస్య పతకం సాధించిన జట్టులో సభ్యురాలు.
మధ్యప్రదేశ్లోని చాపరా అనే చిన్న గ్రామానికి చెందిన నమితా చందేల్ పాఠశాలకు వెళ్లడానికి క్రమం తప్పకుండా నదిని దాటాల్సి వచ్చేది. ఆమె 2011 లో మధ్యప్రదేశ్ వాటర్ స్పోర్ట్స్ అకాడమీలో చేరింది, దరఖాస్తుదారులకు స్విమ్మింగ్ తెలుసు అనే ఏకైక ప్రవేశ ప్రమాణం ఉంది.
నమిత మొదట్లో కయాకింగ్‌లో శిక్షణ పొందినా తర్వాత కానోయింగ్‌కు మారింది. ఆమె 2014 ఆసియా క్రీడలలో భారతదేశానికి ప్రాతినిధ్యం వహించింది. ఆమె 2015లో ఇండోనేషియాలో జరిగిన ఆసియన్ కానో స్ప్రింట్ మరియు డ్రాగన్ బోట్ ఛాంపియన్‌షిప్‌లో తన మొదటి అంతర్జాతీయ పతకాన్ని గెలుచుకుంది
అర్జున్ సింగ్ (మధ్యప్రదేశ్)

అర్జున్ సింగ్ (1930 నవంబరు 5 - 2011 మార్చి 4) మధ్య ప్రదేశ్‌కు చెందిన రాజకీయ నాయకుడు. ఆయన 1980 లలో మధ్యప్రదేశ్ ముఖ్యమంత్రిగా రెండుసార్లు, పంజాబ్ గవర్నరుగా, 2000 నుంచి 2011 వరకు లోక్‌సభ, రాజ్యసభల సభ్యుడిగా ఎన్నికై పివి నరసింహారావు & మన్మోహన్ సింగ్ మంత్రివర్గంలో రెండుసార్లు కేంద్ర మానవ వనరుల అభివృద్ధి మంత్రిగా పనిచేశాడు.
అర్జున్ సింగ్ 1980, 1985 మధ్య మధ్యప్రదేశ్ ముఖ్యమంత్రిగా పని చేశాడు. ఆయన రాష్ట్రంలో రెండవసారి ముఖ్యమంత్రిగా ప్రమాణం చేసిన ఒక రోజు తర్వాత, పంజాబ్ గవర్నరుగా నియమితుడయ్యాడు. 1985 లో లోక్‌సభ సభ్యుడిగా ఎన్నికై పి.వి.నరసింహారావు మంత్రివర్గంలో వాణిజ్య, కమ్యూనికేషన్ శాఖ మంత్రిగా తిరిగి 1991 లో మానవ వనరుల అభివృద్ధి మంత్రిగా పని చేశాడు.
ఆయన 1992 లో బాబ్రీ మసీదు కూల్చివేత తరువాత పివి నరసింహారావుకు వ్యతిరేకంగా మారి, ఆ తరువాత ఎన్.డి తివారీ నాయకత్వంలో 1994 లో అఖిల భారత ఇందిరా కాంగ్రెస్ (తివారీ) పేరుతో తిరుగుబాటు కాంగ్రెసు పార్టీని స్థాపించాడు. రావు పార్టీ అధ్యక్ష పదవికి రాజీనామా చేసిన తరువాత అర్జున్ సింగ్ తిరిగి కాంగ్రెస్ పార్టీలో చేరాడు.
అర్జున్ సింగ్ అనారోగ్య సమస్యలతో ఢిల్లీలోని ఆల్ ఇండియా ఇన్స్టిట్యూట్ ఆఫ్ మెడికల్ సైన్సెస్‌లో చేరి చికిత్స పొందుతూ 2011 మార్చి 4న మరణించాడు. ఆయన అంత్యక్రియలు ఆయన స్వస్థలమైన చుర్హాట్‌లో జరిగాయి. ఆయనకు భార్య సరోజ్ కుమారి, ఇద్దరు కుమారులు అజయ్ సింగ్ (ఎమ్మెల్యే), అభిమన్యు, కుమార్తె వీణ ఉన్నారు.
15వ మధ్యప్రదేశ్ శాసనసభ

2018 మధ్యప్రదేశ్ శాసనసభ ఎన్నికల తర్వాత మధ్యప్రదేశ్ పదిహేనవ శాసనసభ ఏర్పడింది. ఎన్నికల ఫలితాలు 11 డిసెంబర్ 2018న ప్రకటించబడ్డాయి. 14వ మధ్యప్రదేశ్ అసెంబ్లీ పదవీకాలం 2019 జనవరి 5న ముగిసింది.
మధ్య ప్రదేశ్ శాసనమండలి

మధ్య ప్రదేశ్ శాసనమండలి 1956 నుండి 1969 వరకు భారతదేశం లోని మధ్యప్రదేశ్ రాష్ట్ర శాసనసభకు ఎగువసభగా ఉండేది. రాష్ట్రాల పునర్వ్యవస్థీకరణ చట్టం,1956 ప్రకారం మొదట 72 స్థానాలతో ఇది ఏర్పడింది. తరువాతశాసనమండలి చట్టం,1957 ఆమోదించిన తరువాత దీనిని 90 స్థానాలకు పెరిగింది. 1969లో మధ్యప్రదేశ్ శాసనమండలి (అబాలిషన్ యాక్ట్, 1969) ఆమోదం ద్వారా ఈ మండలి రద్దు అయింది.
2018 మధ్యప్రదేశ్ శాసనసభ ఎన్నికలకు ముందు, శాసనమండలిని తిరిగి ఏర్పాటు చేస్తామని కాంగ్రెస్ వాగ్దానం చేసింది. 2019లో శాసనమండలిని తిరిగి ఏర్పాటు చేయాలని రాజకీయ పార్టీల నుండి డిమాండ్లు వచ్చాయి.
Varma kalai

Varma Kalai (Tamil: varmakkalai, Malayalam and Sanskrit: marma-vidya/marmam) is an Indian traditional art of pressure points. It combines massage, alternative medicine, traditional yoga and martial arts in which the body's pressure points (varmam) are manipulated to heal or cause harm. The healing application called Vaidhiya Murai is part of Siddha medicine (siddha vaidyam).
Its combat application is known as Adimurai (it includes a component called Varma Adi, meaning "pressure-point striking") can be done either empty-handed or with a blunt weapon such as a stick or staff. Varma Kalai is usually taught in the advanced stage of Adimurai, Kalaripayattu, and Silambam in Kerala and Tamil Nadu; strikes are often targeted at the nerves and soft tissues.
Folk traces varma kalai to the god Shiva who is said to have taught it to his son Murugan. While disguised as an old man, Murugan passed the knowledge of 108 Varmams to the sage Agastya who then recorded it and disseminated the skill among his students. Nadars tribe believes varma kalai was given to them by Agastya . Siddha medicine is also attributed to Agastya. With numerous other scattered references to Varmam in Vedic and epic sources, it is certain that Tamil Nadu's early fighters knew and practiced attacking and defending vital points.
Knowledge of the body's vital points in India included not only humans but also elephants. Known as nila, learning these points on an elephant's body was and remains necessary for mahouts. Prodding particular nila with a stick elicits various responses such as bringing the animal under control or making them kneel. Warriors would learn to attack certain nila on opposing war-elephants during battle, which could either kill or frighten the animals. The national museums of Sri Lanka have documented at least 86 nila and their functions.
Varma kalai is attributed to several Siddhars, namely Agastya, Bogar, Theriyar, Pulipani and famously Avvaiyar. Out of these, only the Agastya school is commonly practiced in Tamil Nadu and in the neighboring state of Kerala.
Escape from Uganda

Escape from Uganda is a 2013 Malayalam thriller film directed by Rajesh Mohanan. The cast includes Rima Kallingal, Vijay Babu, R. Parthiepan, Joju George, Tashu Kaushik, Winston Witecker and also Mukesh in a cameo appearance. The story is by Rajesh Nair, screenplay & dialogues by Sandeep Robinson, Deepak Prabhakaran and Nithin Bhadran . Several plots as well as the general thread of the movie have an uncanny similarity to the Hollywood thriller The Next Three Days. Escape From Uganda started rolling in Uganda from 7 July. It was shot completely in Uganda and was the first Malayalam film to be shot extensively in Africa.
Shikha Samuel, along with her husband Jayakrishnan, has chosen of all places in the world, Uganda, to find refuge in, after her family in Kerala objects to their marriage. The couple is leading a happy life with their daughter, Meenakshi. Jayakrishnan is employed as a manager in a coffee shop and Shikha runs a designer boutique of her own. She soon sets up a boutique of her own in the African country. The tranquillity of their life is shattered when Shikha is arrested on the charges of committing two murders, one of the victim is the daughter of the local Mayor, who has pledged to keep her in jail for the rest of her life. Jayakrishnan meets Antony through his working area owner Gautham. Antony gives tips and materials for Shikha to get out of jail. After come out of jail, Jayakrishnan and Shikha finds out that Antony is actually Carlose Kennedy a local Don who was behind the murders, now he wants to trap them. Jayakrishnan who already informed local police of Carlos's evil plans now gets help from local police. Carlos gets arrested. Finally Jayakrishnan and Shikha escape from Uganda by helicopter before the goons could trap and attack.
Rima Kallingal was signed to play the lead role of a mother of a three-year-old in the film. She was said to be seen in a never before seen avatar, doing some daredevil stunts for the first time in her career. Rima, who is trained in the Kerala martial art form Kalaripayattu and the Manipuri martial art Chau, will be using them in action sequences.
The film's cast also included a few actors from Uganda thanks to Xtrim Casting and Casting Director, Wilber Rugarama. Anita Kyalimpa, first runner up of Miss Uganda 2013, made her acting debut in the film as the murdered daughter of a city mayor, who was played by Ebonies’ Sam Bagenda (aka Dr. Bbosa) while veteran Ugawood actor, Micheal Wawuyo, played the head of military intelligence. Actor and police officer, Wilberforce Mutete, played his day job role in the film too. Brenda Nanyonjo, Miss Uganda organiser and Tricksters star, Carlos Ombonya, were also part of the cast.
The climax of the film was said to be shot in the Luzira Maximum Security Prison, a notorious prison in Uganda. The team claimed that besides shooting at the source of the Nile, they will also can some shots near hot water springs and live volcanoes.
Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee

Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee (MPCC) is the Pradesh Congress Committee (state wing) of the Indian National Congress (INC) serving in the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is responsible for organizing and coordinating the party's activities and campaigns within the state, as well as selecting candidates for local, state, and national elections. The incumbent president of the MPCC is Jitu Patwari.
Madhya Pradesh Vikas Congress was a faction in the Congress Party from 1996 to 1998. MPVC was founded by former aviation minister Madhavrao Scindia, after he was refused an INC ticket for the 1996 Lok Sabha elections.
Scindia won a seat as an MPVC candidate as a result of hard work & strong campaign led by his workers & followers who had also resigned from INC. In 1998 MPVC merged into Indian National Congress.
Madhya Pradesh Football Association

The Madhya Pradesh Football Association (MPFA) is the football governing body in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India, and one of the 37 Indian state football associations that are affiliated with the All India Football Federation. The Madhya Pradesh football team is administered by the MPFA. Federation sends state teams for Santosh Trophy and Senior Women's National Football Championship. It also organises Madhya Pradesh Premier League, the top tier competition of the state (5th in Indian football league system).
All 55 district of Madhya Pradesh are affiliated with the Madhya Pradesh Football Association.
Artistic swimming in India

Artistic swimming, also known as synchronized swimming, is a sport that combines swimming, acrobatics, and dance. While still developing in India, artistic swimming has a growing presence with national governing bodies recognizing its potential.
The exact origins of artistic swimming in India are unclear, but there have been sporadic appearances of the sport in recent decades. In the 2010 Commonwealth Games held in Delhi, a team of three Indian artistic swimmers, Avani Kardam Dave, Kavita Kolapkar, and Bijal Vasant, participated. Their participation marked a significant moment for the sport in India, despite facing challenges like lack of dedicated coaches.
The Swimming Federation of India (SFI) recognizes artistic swimming as a discipline under its purview. Their website includes a dedicated page for "Synchronized Swimming Events" which outlines eligibility and criteria for competitions.
Artistic swimming in India faces developmental hurdles. Limited access to qualified coaches and training facilities can hinder the sport's growth. However, there are signs of progress. Private instructors offering lessons can be found in major cities.
Infrastructure: The lack of sufficient training facilities and pools dedicated to artistic swimming poses a significant challenge.
Funding: Limited financial support hampers the development and promotion of the sport.
Awareness and Popularity: Artistic swimming is less popular compared to other sports like cricket, resulting in fewer resources and media attention.
With growing awareness and increased access to resources, artistic swimming in India has the potential to attract a wider audience. The dedication of individual athletes and coaches can pave the way for future national teams to compete at international events.
Madhya Pradesh cricket team

The Madhya Pradesh cricket team formerly known as Holkar cricket team, is a domestic cricket team based in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It competes in the Ranji Trophy.
A Central India team competed in the Ranji Trophy between 1934–35 and 1939–40, playing 12 matches. In 1941, Holkar entered the competition, organised and managed by King Yashwantrao Holkar II belonging to the Holkar dynasty of the Marathas. In the fourteen years of its existence Holkar, which included such players as C. K. Nayudu and Mushtaq Ali, won the title four times and finished second on six other occasions. Another Ranji Trophy team later to be absorbed by Madhya Pradesh was Gwalior (one match in 1943–44).
Madhya Pradesh began competing as a team from 1950–51. Holkar appeared in the Ranji Trophy till 1954-55 after which it was dissolved and replaced by a Madhya Bharat team. This became part of the Madhya Pradesh team after two years as the states were reorganised.
Madhya Pradesh's first title was the 1998-99 Wills Trophy, where they defeated Bengal in the final. Madhya Pradesh team reached the final of the Ranji Trophy for the first time in the same season. They took the first innings lead against Karnataka and needed only a draw to win the title but collapsed in the final session of the last day to lose with five overs to spare.
Finally in the 2021–22 season, Madhya Pradesh defeated the 41-time Champions Mumbai in the final in Bengaluru to win the Ranji Trophy for the fifth time and first time as Madhya Pradesh.
Holkar
Madhya Pradesh
Players from Holkar and Madhya Pradesh who have played Test cricket for India, along with year of Test debut:
Players from Madhya Pradesh who have played ODI but not Test cricket for India, along with year of ODI debut:
Cricketers from other state teams who also played for Madhya Pradesh, and played Test cricket for India, along with year of Test debut:
Cricketers from other state teams who also played for Madhya Pradesh, and played ODI but not Test cricket for India, along with year of ODI debut:
Notable players at the domestic level:
Players with international caps are listed in bold.
Updated as on 30 January 2025
Coaching staff for team are listed below:
For more details on this topic, see List of Madhya Pradesh first-class cricket records, List of Madhya Pradesh List A cricket records, List of Madhya Pradesh Twenty20 cricket records.
Madhya Pradesh play the majority of their home matches at the Holkar Stadium.
Madhya Pradesh's second home is Captain Roop Singh Stadium in Gwalior
List of districts of Madhya Pradesh

The Indian state of Madhya Pradesh came into existence on 1 November 1956. Madhya Pradesh has various geographic regions which have no official administrative governmental status; some correspond to historic countries, states or provinces. Currently, the number of districts in the state is 55. and Of these Mauganj, Pandhurna & Maihar are newly created districts. 2 districts, Chachaura and Nagda are also proposed which was approved by state cabinet on 18th March 2020. These 55 districts are grouped into 10 administrative divisions. Districts are subdivided into tehsils, of which there are 428 in Madhya Pradesh.
There are 55 districts in Madhya Pradesh, categorized into ten divisions.
A bill giving in-principle approval to the creation of three districts was passed on 18 March 2020. The following districts would be created:
Announced by state government during election in 2023-24 :
There is demand of districts from various regions like:
List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh

The chief minister of Madhya Pradesh is the chief executive of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. In accordance with the Constitution of India, the governor is a state's de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits.
Following Madhya Pradesh's reorganisation on 1 November 1999, 19 people have served as its chief minister. Twelve of these belonged to the Indian National Congress, including the inaugural officeholder Ravishankar Shukla. The first non-Congress chief minister was Govind Narayan Singh who defected from the party and lead a Samyukta Vidhayak Dal government from 1967 to 1969. Digvijaya Singh of the Congress became the first officeholder to serve two full five-year terms. He was succeeded by Uma Bharti of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Madhya Pradesh's only woman chief minister. Shivraj Singh Chouhan of the Bharatiya Janata Party was the longest-serving chief minister of the state, serving for over 16 and half years. Chouhan was succeeded by Dr. Mohan Yadav of his own party after the 2023 elections, which was seen as a landslide victory for the BJP.
In 1948, the eastern regions of Central India Agency, became the Union of Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States, and was admitted into the Dominion of India as a Part B state, headed by a Rajpramukh under the advice of a Prime Minister. It was renamed Vindhya Pradesh and converted to a Part C state, headed by a Chief Commissioner, on 1 January 1950. In 1952, a legislative assembly was created and the post of Chief Commissioner was replaced by the Lieutenant Governor.
In 1948, the western regions of Central India Agency and the Gwalior and Indore residencies, became the new state of Madhya Bharat. It was admitted into the union as a "Part B" state.
On 30 April 1949, Sir Hamidullah Khan, the Nawab of Bhopal signed an Instrument of Accession to the Dominion of India. The state of Bhopal was taken over by the Union Government on 1 June 1949, and was declared a "Part C" state.
After the independence of India, the state of Madhya Pradesh was created in 1950 from the Central Provinces and Berar and the princely state of Makrai with Nagpur as the capital of the state.
The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 merged the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, and Bhopal were merged into Madhya Pradesh and the Marathi-speaking southern region Vidarbha, which included Nagpur, was ceded to Bombay. In November 2000, as part of the Madhya Pradesh Reorganization Act the southeastern portion of the state was split off to form the new state of Chhattisgarh.
炸

炸，又稱油炸、爆香（英語：Deep frying或deep fat frying），是一種將食物放入高溫食用油中浸泡的烹飪方法。通常在油炸鍋（英语：Deep fryer）或薯片盤（英语：chip pan）中進行，工業上則多以壓力油炸鍋（英语：Pressure frying）或真空油炸鍋（英语：Vacuum fryer）。油炸亦可使用於鍋中預先加熱的食用油進行。 油炸被歸類為使用熱油的烹飪方法之一。食物通常以油炸方式烹飪很快就會熟透；因為食物的整個表面都與油接觸，而油具有高度的熱傳導率。
在某些地區，“油炸”一詞和許多現代油炸食品直到19世紀才被發明，但實際上這種烹飪方法已經存在了幾千年。
用食用油油炸食物，在東西方皆有超過千年的歷史。古希臘人在前五世紀已知道用橄欖油烹調，而在四、五世紀的羅馬帝國，當時的一份食譜《Apicius》記載了一種有油炸雞肉的料理Pullum Frontonianum。此後幾個世紀，油炸食物的作法散播到歐洲其他地區和中東世界。油炸食物在大約十三世紀在北歐出現，同時期西班牙和葡萄牙的食譜也出現炸魚。油炸鷹嘴豆餅在十四世紀由埃及移民流傳到中東各地。
在锅内放入比原料多數倍的油，並加热到攝氏140-190度，然后放进食材加熱至熟透，同時蒸發掉表面的水份使其變脆並呈現人稱「金黃色」的淺棕色。
將已調味或醃過的食材直接炸成
將醃過的食材上油炸粉（地瓜粉、太白粉等）粉糊後炸成
食材依次上蛋汁、上粉糊、上乾粉後，先以猛火熱油炸過，改以慢火炸成
又稱脆皮炸，以滾油淋於食材內腔和表面直至金黃色
一般油炸溫度在攝氏140-190度之間，通常高於食油的冒煙點，然後會產生致癌物質，而回鍋油亦含有大量致癌物質如丙烯醯胺。有人會加入主要成分為三矽酸鎂的白色濾油粉來濾除渣滓，但無法濾除致癌物質。濾油粉由矽酸鈉和可溶性鎂鹽經沉澱作用生成，生成物的主要成分為氧化鎂和二氧化矽。
動物油的飽和脂肪酸含量較高，精煉過程會讓植物油含有人造反式脂肪，血液含兩者過高都是造成膽固醇過高、心血管疾病的原因。
油含有高量的抗氧化物（如維生素E、橄欖多酚），則可以減少變質可能。
馬鈴薯條

薯條或炸薯条（英式英语：Chips，美式英语：French fries，法語：Frite，荷蘭語：Friet）是一種把馬鈴薯切成條狀後油炸而成的食品，是最常見的快餐食品之一，流行於美國及歐洲等地。一些工业化生产的薯条则是由打碎的馬鈴薯泥压制成条状后油炸而成。除马铃薯外，番薯也可以用来制作薯条.
薯条是一种热食，其口感既可柔软、也可酥脆。人们通常作为主食在午餐或晚餐时进食薯条，可以单吃也可以用来配合肉类、蔬菜。也可以把它当作一种小吃，配以饮料或酒类。餐厅、快餐店、酒吧等场所皆有提供薯条，一般为咸味。在不同国家，人们也会搭配不同的酱料，如番茄酱、蛋黄酱、醋、番茄沙司和烧烤酱，还可以将酱料铺在薯条顶层，例如肉汁奶酪薯条或薯条配辣豆酱。在比利时、荷兰等西欧国家，薯条是一种重要的食物，餐厅均提供薯条为主食，薯条小吃店更是随处可见。在英国，炸鱼和薯条结合成一道融合料理炸鱼薯条，是常见的街边小吃。
自制薯条一般是将薯条放入190-200°C的热油中炸至金黄而成，大多数餐馆的薯条则是先用175°C左右的油炸（预炸），在薯条还未变黄前取出放凉，再用190-200°C的热油炸约一分钟即成（复炸）。除油炸外也可以使用烤炉制作薯条，这种变种不需要大量的食用油而比较健康，但口感不如油炸的酥脆。
薯條在世界各地有丰富多样的名称。在北美洲薯条称为French Fries或稱fries，在英国、愛爾蘭和大多數英聯邦國家稱为chips。在欧洲大陆，法国称薯条为frite，比利时和荷兰南部称薯条为friet、frieten、fritten，荷兰北部则会称之为patat（源于马铃薯的对应单词）。薯条应该叫friet还是patat是荷兰南北人民之间常见的争论话题。
托馬斯·杰斐遜於1802年在白宮舉行的晚宴上曾“以法國方式供應馬鈴薯”（potatoes served in the French manner）。“French Fries”這一表達首先出現在1856年的Cookery for Maids of All Work一書。
在20世紀初期，“French fried”這個名字開始用於其他食物，例如洋蔥圈、雞肉等等。
在常把薯條稱為“chips”的地方，“French fries”則指那些常出現在美式快餐廳較纖細的薯條。
根據文獻記載，最早的薯條記錄出現在1789年的巴黎新橋地区。薯條極有可能是在18世紀位於現今比利時所在之處南尼德蘭發明。
20世纪30年代，白城堡正在寻找搭配汉堡吃的小食，薯条就进入了商业化视野。40年代创立的麦当劳、In-N-Out和50年代的汉堡王，也延用了这种搭配。
麦当劳的薯条是93%动物油和7%植物油的油炸用油配方。麦当劳的薯条大获成功，并成为快餐行业标准。1960年之前，大多数餐厅都在使用植物油，通过氢化的方式延长使用期限。麦当劳的合作方Interstate Foods无力支付氢化设备，所以公司创始人决定大量加牛油，它带来的差异化显而易见：薯条更酥脆。
麦当劳扩张的时期，供应商只供应Russet品种的土豆，尽管经过无差别的浸泡和粗加工程序，品质还是不稳定。在上百万美元的投资和几百小时的实验后，麦当劳第一次确认：土豆需要储存3个礼拜，糖分才会转化成足够的淀粉。
接下来的标准化问题，需要覆盖到生薯条和餐厅油温控制上。麦当劳发现，当油温控制在最低点加三度的情况下，油炸效果最好。因此门店开始配备了电传感器，来保证这“加三度”的稳定性。这样的技术在之后也被应用在了麦乐鸡和麦香鱼的制作中。
进入60年代，麦当劳的薯条有了更多的新技术傍身。公司内部的食品科学家Ken Strong和研究学者Edwin Traisman将麦当劳的速冻薯条处理技术申请了美国国家专利（US3397993A），这是一种将生土豆条初步油炸出脆皮，然后迅速冷冻，再运往门店等待最后油炸制作。它可以在土豆丰收季节得到尽可能多和标准的高品质食材，同时极大的提升了门店效率，也奠定了薯条加工的重要环节标准。
在70年代，麦当劳的土豆供应商依旧在进行技术升级，蒸汽削皮机、土豆切割系统、以及缺陷部位自动清除设备让食材在加工环节的每一个链条都经历最高效的标准化处理。
1990年之前，麦当劳長期使用以牛油为主的油炸用油。在1966年，Phil Sokolof创办了美国国家心脏拯救者联合会，开始正視胆固醇、饱和脂肪的問題，而麦当劳的薯条是該會主要的關切对象之一。麦当劳在1990年终于宣布放弃牛油，而使用100%混合植物油。
直到2004年，美国市场上薯条的反式脂肪占比仍高达21%。2007年，麦当劳正式公布了3.0版薯条，同样是植物油中炸製，但不再含有反式脂肪。
在麥當勞點薯條時，可以要求不加鹽，雖然並非完全無鹽，但是因為麥當勞的薯條在油炸後會加入鹽巴再保存，所以要求無鹽的薯條等同於要求現炸。為了在處理過程中能保持同樣的色澤及口味，薯條內會添加酸式焦磷酸鈉等鹽類，確保薯條在經過冷凍後顏色不會轉灰。另外，無鹽與無言諧音，因此有無「言」薯條表達無言、說不出話的網路流行語產生。
油揚

油揚（日语：油揚げ／あぶらあげ）是一種日本食物，指被油炸過的切為薄片的豆腐。和豆卜不同，油揚因其厚度較薄因此內部也被炸透。油揚是狐麵和稻荷壽司、相撲火鍋不可或缺的材料。日本各地均有不同的油揚的做法。
炸面包 (美洲)

炸面包（英語：Fry bread）是一种在油、起酥油或猪油中油炸或深炸的面饼。通常以小麦粉、糖、盐和豬油等简单原料制成，炸面包可以单独食用，亦可佐以蜂蜜、果酱、糖粉、鹿肉、牛肉等配料食用，也可以做成类墨西哥夹饼的餐点。炸面包于2005年获南达科他州指定为官方面包。
根据納瓦霍人的說法，1864年他们使用美国政府提供的面粉、糖、盐和猪油制成了炸面包，当时居住在亚利桑那州的纳瓦霍人被迫走行三百英里到新墨西哥州的博斯克雷东多，那里的土地无法支持他们的传统主食蔬菜和豆类；由于当时新墨西哥州的普韦布洛人和伊斯帕诺斯人的生活方式与纳瓦霍人类似，因此新墨西哥风格的索帕皮拉与炸面包同源。寄宿学校也推動了炸面包在美洲原住民饮食中的传播。
传统炸面包配方包括面粉、水、盐、少量油和发酵粉。将这些成分混合并制成一个简单的面团，然后用布盖住三十分钟至一小时，直到面团发酵完毕。然后将其分为数个小球，然后在热油中煎炸之前将其滚动或拉扁。标准配方可能会变化，包括用蛋黄酱代替面团中的油，蛋黄酱会产生脆脆的质地，不会变湿——非常适合纳瓦霍玉米饼；以及用酸奶发酵面团而非使用发酵粉或酵母，這會产生浓郁酸味，但在面团准备好后需要数小时方可完全发酵。由原住民没有条件使用酵母，遂大多数炸面包食谱不见酵母的使用。在许多美洲原住民家庭中，炸面包的面团在清晨搅拌后，放在一个用布覆盖的大碗中发酵，并在需要时全天使用来为新鲜面包备料。
美国农业部报告称一盘炸面包可提供700千卡（2,900千焦耳）的食物热量和27克脂肪。但霍皮族记者兼纪录片制片人帕蒂·塔拉洪瓦称炸面包为“死亡面包”，并将其与诸如胆囊疾病和糖尿病等美洲原住民的常見病联系起来，还描述了朝向土著食物主权的运动——提倡如玉米、豆类和南瓜等健康食物而非炸面包等高脂肪的淀粉食物。
炸面包对美洲原住民的意义十分复杂，并且他们与炸面包的关系相互冲突。对于许多美洲原住民来说，“炸面包将一代又一代联系起来，并将现在与美洲原住民历史的痛苦叙述联系起来”。炸面包往往成为原住民坚韧的象征，因为它是使用政府提供的面粉、糖和猪油开发出来的，尽管炸面包通常与“传统”美洲原住民美食联系在一起，但一些美洲原住民厨师将其视为殖民主义象征。土著厨师肖恩·谢尔曼称其为“非美洲原住民食物”，認為它代表了“毅力和痛苦、独创性和坚韧性”，因为它是政府将原住民转移到无法支持种植玉米和豆类等传统主食的土地上而產生的。
罗马炸饭团

炸饭团（義大利語：Supplì)是流行于意大利罗马的食物。通常裹面包屑深炸，中加有马苏里拉奶酪，掰开后奶酪拉丝像电话线，所以也称为电话炸饭团。
类似源于法国的可乐饼。
炸牛排

炸牛排（也稱鄉村炸牛排）是一種將牛排（拍打過的後臀尖肉）裹上調味麵粉後油炸的美式菜餚。與美國南方菜有很深的關聯。
炸牛排類似奧地利的維也納炸牛排，以及美義料理中的米蘭豬排，拍打過的小牛肉或豬肉片裹上麵粉、蛋以及麵包粉，再油炸。也類似蘇格蘭的「collops」。
這道菜確切的起源不明，但有很多資料指出也許是19世紀德州的德國和奧地利移民發明的，這些德、奧移民將維也納炸牛排的食譜自歐洲帶到美國。 位於南普蘭斯（South Plains）的拉米薩是道生郡郡治，宣稱是炸牛排的發源地，因此每年都會舉辦炸牛排慶典。
瑪莉‧藍道夫（Mary Randolph）所著，1838年出版的《The Virginia Housewife》中有一份小牛肉排食譜，算是最早的類似炸牛排的食物。現代的炸牛排食譜，收錄於各地烹飪書的時間，大約是在十九世紀晚期。 牛津英語詞典裡最早出現的炸牛排一詞，是取自科羅拉多泉《Gazette》報紙，於1914年6月19日發布的餐廳廣告。
1943年的一本美國食譜中，記載了搭配鹽與胡椒奶油白色肉汁的維也納炸牛排。
炸牛排於1988年被列入奧克拉荷馬州的代表性餐點。
取薄片牛排，用拍打、槌打或叉子戳以軟化斷筋。浸在加蛋的麵糊和／或沾滿加了鹽、胡椒和其它調味料的麵粉（稱為裹粉）。之後用淺鍋煎炸，而油炸較少見。餐廳以炸雞式（chicken fried ）稱呼油炸的牛排，而以鄉村式 （country fried）稱呼用平底鍋煎的牛排。傳統炸油使用奶油、豬油或其它酥油，近年來由於有健康疑慮，因此大部分改用植物油取代酥油。
炸牛排選用的牛肉部位較便宜也比較少人愛吃，例如牛肩、腿肉，有時會用腹肉。也可以用碎牛肉、絞肉或臀尖肉做炸牛排。用牛絞肉做的炸牛排有時稱為「chuckwagon」。 炸牛排通常在午餐或晚餐食用，澆有奶油肉汁，配菜是馬鈴薯泥、蔬菜與比司吉。炸牛排在中西部則常見於早餐，搭配吐司和薯餅。
炸牛排可以夾入漢堡麵包；也可以切丁後塞進烤馬鈴薯，搭配肉汁和起司；也可以切條裝在籃子裡薯條及肉汁一起吃，稱為「steak fingers」。
德州及鄰近的州，會用較多的油在平底鍋中煎炸牛排，再配上傳統的胡椒牛奶肉汁。 在其他州有時候會稱作鄉村炸牛排，菜餚內容有地區差異。有的會用棕色肉汁，有時則是用少量油在平底鍋煎熟，或將牛排在肉汁裡燉煮。某些地區的鄉村牛排可能是指索爾斯伯利牛排，碎牛肉或絞肉做的牛肉餅配棕色肉汁食用。
可以用其它肉類，例如很多餐廳常見的炸雞排，就是用無骨雞胸肉排代替牛排。由於使用去骨雞肉，因此與一般的炸雞不同，依照炸牛排的作法烹調。
無骨豬排中段和水牛排都可以這樣烹調。
蚵嗲

蚵炱（俗寫「蚵嗲」）是臺灣及閩南地區的油炸類小吃，又稱蚵仔炸，流行於臺灣西部沿海養殖蚵（即是海蠣、生蠔）之漁村、港口市鎮。
將微凹鐵杓以麵粉 蛋做底，依序添加高麗菜絲、韭菜末、肉末、蚵、再疊上高麗菜絲，最後再以麵粉漿裹好後，放置於油鍋內油炸至熟，外酥內熟蚵嗲容易與鐵杓分離，輕輕敲打即可將蚵嗲晾乾於旁。食用時可佐以醬料。根據各地風俗不同，有些地方除了高麗菜絲之外會另加豆芽等食材，增添風味。
台南北門、麻豆、東山與安平等沿海地區。台灣本島以台南為中心，南至高雄、北至彰化等蚵仔養殖地區都可以看見以蚵嗲聞名的小吃店。尤其彰化縣沿海王功漁港一條街上聚集了十數家蚵嗲店；故中華民國總統蔣經國是王功蚵嗲常客；店家常懸掛蔣經國來店用餐的照片招徠食客。
蚵嗲依地區有不同類別，台灣本島西部沿岸佐料以豆芽，韭菜為主，主料為豬肉與生蚵，雲林縣臺西鄉、東石鄉一帶甚至有保育類海豚肉佐生薑的配料；金門地區口味近廈門，以高麗菜佐石蚵，尺寸較台灣本島小，色淺。
魚糕

魚糕、魚餅，是一種將魚漿加入鹽、澱粉等添加物後再塑形的加工食品。
湖北魚糕做法大致是將魚漿與肥豬肉共剁成泥狀，與蛋白打發後入蒸籠蒸熟。
潮汕魚棗作法則是將佃魚魚漿將切碎的鐵脯（比目魚魚乾）、辣椒、馬蹄等加入調味，之後待其自然凝固或切片分裝。
潮汕魚餅做法是混合鱼肉制成鱼浆，将鱼浆倒入模中凝固，倒出整幅鱼饼后切条，加入滚油油炸，捞起切片即成鱼饼
清初已有詳細魚餅作法之記載。與今日湖北魚糕做法大致類同。
俗寫為堅仔，以魚漿、豬絞肉、荸薺或豆薯拌勻成長條狀，蒸熟至定型。做法大致承襲自潮州魚棗。
平安時代的文書記載了蒲鉾並為其繪製了插畫。
於19世紀末的拉達那哥欣時代，已有炸魚餅和炸豬肉餅的記載。
耶稣喂饱众人

在基督教中，喂饱众人（英語：Feeding the Multitude）是记载于福音书中，由耶稣施行的两次神迹。
第一次神迹“耶稣喂饱五千人”是除了耶稣复活之外，唯一由四本福音书共同记录的神迹。
第二次神迹“耶稣喂饱四千人”被记载于马太福音和马可福音，但未见于路加福音和约翰福音。
喂饱五千人也被称为“五饼二鱼奇迹”。在约翰福音中，耶稣用一位男孩所给的五个大麦饼和两条鱼喂饱了民众。根据马太福音，耶稣在得知施洗约翰的死讯后准备乘船前往某个偏僻的处所。路加福音指出这个偏僻地点靠近伯赛大。城中的民众步行跟随耶稣，当耶稣看见这众人，他感觉怜悯，并治好了其中的病人。夜幕降临，门徒来到他身旁，告诉他“这是野地，时候已经过了，请叫众人散开，他们好往村子里去自己买吃的。”
耶稣表示众人不必离去，他让门徒为这些民众找一些吃的。门徒说，他们身上只有五个饼和两条鱼，耶稣让门徒把这点食物拿给他，并吩咐众人坐在草地上。根据马可福音，民众一排排坐下，有五十人一排，也有一百人一排。在路加福音中，耶稣让众人以五十人一排坐下，也就是说当时民众分为了大约一百排。
拿着五饼二鱼，耶稣望着天祝福，掰开饼递给门徒，让他们分给众人。众人都得到了自己的一份，并吃饱了。人们收集剩下的零碎食物，又装满了十二个篮子。除去其中的女人与孩子，民众数量大约有五千。
根据约翰福音，民众因为耶稣展示的治愈能力而围绕在他周围，而喂饱众人更显示出了耶稣作为弥赛亚的身份。
喂饱四千人的奇迹只在马可福音和马太福音中有记载，这个奇迹也被称为“七饼与鱼奇迹”，根据马太福音的记载，耶稣使用七个饼和一些鱼喂饱了众人。福音书中写道，一大群民众聚集在一起，并跟随着耶稣。耶稣召唤门徒，对他们说：「我怜悯这众人，因为他们同我在这里已经三天，也没有吃的了。我不愿意叫他们饿着回去，恐怕在路上困乏。」门徒回答道：「我们在这野地，哪里有这么多的饼叫这许多人吃饱呢？」，耶稣询问他们有多少饼，门徒回答说他们只有七个饼，还有一些小鱼。
耶稣于是让众人坐在地上，向天祝福后，他掰开饼给门徒，让他们分给众人。众人都吃饱，最后人们收集遗留的食物碎屑，装满了七个筐子。除去其中的女人与孩子，民众数量大约有四千。众人散去后，耶稣登船前往抹大拉。
海因里希·奥古斯特·威廉·迈耶研究了两个故事之间的细节差异，他注意到在喂饱五千人的故事中，食物碎屑装满了十二个篮子（κόφινοι kófinoi 手提篮），而在喂饱四千人的故事中，食物碎屑只装满了七个篮子（σπυρίδες spyrídes 大篮子）。天主教神父科尼利厄斯·拉皮德（英语：Cornelius a Lapide）指出，后者篮子的容量是前者的两倍。 关于大篮子（spyrídes）的体积，在使徒行传9:25中有暗示：当时耶稣的使徒保罗为躲避犹太人的暗杀，趁着夜色借筐子（spyrídes）从大马士革城墙缒下。 迈耶同时还评论说，在约翰福音中，喂饱众人是耶稣作为弥赛亚的进一步标志（古希臘語：σημεῖον sémeion），作为一个降临于世的先知（《申命記》第18章第15节参、《約翰福音》第6章第14节参）。
据约翰一世所言，耶稣于这奇迹中就如天空与大地的创造者。通过这个奇迹，耶稣教导人们在进餐前祈祷，并鼓励人们分享所得。现代神学家也提出，奇迹中的面包应当被视为一种象征，它象征了基督赐予人们的话语，后世依靠这些话语为精神的食粮。
圣耶福列木认为，耶稣在这个奇迹中表现的极其慷慨，在喂饱众人后甚至还剩下十二篮食物。他对比了耶稣和摩西，摩西使用天上降落的甘露喂饱摆脱奴役的以色列人。
这两个奇迹着重表现了面包在喂饱众人时起到的作用，但与面包同时出现的鱼却似乎无关紧要。在民数记第11章，民众向摩西抱怨没有肉吃，他们说在埃及的时候「不花钱就吃鱼」，抱怨传到了耶和华的耳中，于是耶和华向民众承诺必定给他们肉吃，「你们不止吃一天两天，五天十天，二十天，要吃一个整月，甚至肉从你们鼻孔里喷出来，使你们厌恶了」。摩西问上帝，随行的人数众多，怎么能够让他们全部吃肉，「难道给他们宰了羊群牛群，或是把海中所有的鱼都聚了来，就够他们吃吗？」但耶和华回应他说神的能力并不是问题。最终耶和华将海上的鹌鹑驱向民众住地，民众吃饱，却因贪食受到耶和华的惩罚。所以在新约中，耶稣使用面包与鱼喂饱众人的奇迹也暗示了上帝与其子民的和平关系，奇迹中描述「他们都吃，并且吃饱了」。此外这个奇迹也显示出，即使时间过去很久，耶稣也未忘记子民的诉求，从而坚定了民众关于耶稣是弥赛亚的信念。
墨西哥夹饼

塔可餅（西班牙語：taco）又稱墨西哥玉米餅、音译塔可饼，是墨西哥的传统食品，用一张小麦粉或玉米粉制作的墨西哥薄饼（tortilla）将肉馅、蔬菜等捲起後徒手食用。
烤牛肉、鸡肉、猪肉、鱼、虾、蔬菜、奶酪甚至昆虫都可以作为塔可餅的配料。佐餐的调料有莎莎醬（salsa）、鳄梨酱（guacamole）、碎番茄粒（pico de gallo）等。
taco在西班牙语裡是“塞子”、“插梢”的意思。
墨西哥夹饼在西班牙人抵達墨西哥以前就已经存在。人类学证据显示，装满小鱼的夹饼是生活在墨西哥山谷湖区土著的传统小吃。根据西班牙征服者 貝爾納爾·卡斯蒂略的记载，欧洲人第一次享用墨西哥夹饼是埃爾南·科爾特斯在科约阿坎为他的船长安排的一道菜。
正宗的墨西哥路边摊贩买的墨西哥夾饼可以使用各种肉，包括牛肚、牛肝、牛头。
加利福尼亚州的美国墨西哥移民改变了墨西哥夾饼的口味，一般外形比墨西哥傳統的要大上许多，还经常使用油煎的薄饼，因此比墨西哥风味的要硬脆。美国还有多家贩售墨西哥夾饼的快餐连锁店，比如Taco Cabana（英语：Taco Cabana）、Taco Via、Taco Bell、Del Taco（英语：Del Taco）等。
在第二次世界大戰後美國托管沖繩群島時，塔可餅也被傳入當地，並將餅皮換為米飯，發展成獨特的沖繩料理塔可飯（日语：タコライス）。
在美国，墨西哥夹饼日是每年的10月4日。