davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Geology of Ethiopia

The geology of Ethiopia includes rocks of the Neoproterozoic East African Orogeny, Jurassic marine sediments and Quaternary rift-related volcanism. Events that greatly shaped Ethiopian geology is the assembly and break-up of Gondwana and the present-day rifting of Africa.
Rocks formed by the East African Orogeny 880 to 550 million years ago make up the oldest geological units in Ethiopia. The orogeny caused the closure of the ancient Mozambique Ocean. Rocks of Ethiopia formed concurrently with the Mozambique Belt and the Arabian-Nubian Shield forming a large north-south (present-day coordinates) mountain chain called the Transgondwanan Supermountain. Erosion of this mountain may have played a role in triggering the Cambrian explosion. Erosion of the orogen and mountain was such that by the early Paleozoic a planation surface extended across Ethiopia. Sedimentary rocks of Ordovician age cover this surface making it largely an unconformity. At parts the unconformity of the Precambrian basement has glacial striations, rôche moutonnées and chatter marks formed likely during the Karoo Ice Age. The Paleozoic sedimentary cover above the unconformity is of fluvial and glacial origin (Enticho Sandstone, Edaga Arbi Glacials).
Early Jurassic marine sediments cover much of the older sediments including a planation surface of Triassic age. These sediments deposited as result of a regional marine transgression swept over the Horn of Africa during the initial break-up of Gondwana. Resultant rocks include sandstone, limestone, shale, marls and evaporites (Adigrat Sandstone, Antalo Limestone, Amba Aradam Formation). A third major plantion surface and uniformity formed in the following a tectonic event in the Early Cretaceous that tilted carbonates in the Tigray and Dire Dawa-Harar areas. On top of this surface lies a series a fluvial sediments. Depositions of marine sediments continued in eastern Ethiopia's Ogaden basin until the Eocene.
The Ethiopia-Yemen Continental Flood Basalts or Ethiopian traps that cover much of Ethiopia flowed over both irregular surfaces and peneplains preserving laterite soil beneath. The flood basalts covered initially a much larger area (>750,000 km) just after eruption about 30 million years ago in the Oligocene with volumes reaching 350,000 km (Ashangi Basalts, Alaji Basalts). Since then erosion has reduced areal extent and volumes. The modern pattern of volcanism concentrated to the Afar Depression and the Main Ethiopian Rift begun in Late Miocene time. The area of modern volcanism contains the bulk of Ethiopias geothermal energy resources.
Ashangi Basalts

The Ashangi Basalts are the earliest Tertiary volcanic rocks in north Ethiopia, hence they are in the lowest position. These dark porphyritic basalts are separated from the Mesozoic formations below it by basal conglomerates. The basalts hold phenocrysts that developed before the magma reached the earth surface. These basalts are weathered, partially eroded and have a sub-horizontal stratification, particularly at the lower part. This series was created during the first period of the flood basalt eruptions in north Ethiopia, in the Oligocene.
The name was coined by geologist William Thomas Blanford, who accompanied the British Expedition to Abyssinia in 1868, after Lake Hashenge in Tigray, which is surrounded by large outcrops of the formation. So far the nomenclature has not been proposed for recognition to the International Commission on Stratigraphy.
The formation covers Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, particularly Amba Aradam Formation and Adigrat Sandstone. In many places, on its upper side, deposits of intra-volcanic sedimentary rock occur.
These volcanic rocks formed through melting of Earth's mantle. After magma generation, lava flowed out over the surface, in successive flows. Some part of it disappeared within the next 1 to 3 million years due to weathering and erosion, while other parts remained present. Within the basalt, columnar joints occur as a result of cooling; they are visible along the flanks of the ridges. The columnar joints are perpendicular to the surface of the lava flows; they are mostly vertical, but may also be strongly inclined. The lower succession, the one that overlies the Amba Aradam Formation and the Adigrat Sandstone holds vertical and closely spaced columnar joints. A common characteristic of the columnar joints observed in the Ashangi Basalts is their pentagonal or hexagonal shape (in plan view).
The Ashangi Basalts are made of coarse-grained plagioclase minerals, surrounded by a matrix of fine-grained plagioclases and pyroxenes; some iron oxides are also present.
The Ashangi formation occurs widely in Tigray Region, including the May Ch'ew area and Dogu’a Tembien.
2024 Tigray coup d'état

On 7 October 2024, the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) announced the removal of the Interim Regional Administration of Tigray (IRAT) President, Getachew Reda, and several other key officials from their positions in what was referred to as an internal coup within the regional leadership. The Interim Regional Administration of Tigray (IRAT) office of the president released a statement announcing that the TPLF declared a public coup. This political upheaval, led by veteran TPLF leader Debretsion Gebremichael, escalated tensions in the region, raising concerns over the stability of IRAT.
The IRAT was established following the Pretoria Peace Agreement between the Ethiopian government and the TPLF in November 2022. Its primary purpose was to stabilize the region, implement the terms of the agreement, and oversee the rebuilding of Tigray after years of civil war. However, internal divisions within the TPLF had grown in the previous two years, culminating in the expulsion of key officials from the party.
On 7 October 2024, the TPLF released a statement announcing that Getachew Reda was removed from his position as President of IRAT. Several other senior cabinet members, including Beyene Mekru, Professor Kindeya Gebrehiwot, Hagos Godefay and Almaz Gebretsadq were also ousted. In addition, zonal leaders from six zones within the Tigray region were also dismissed.
Abraham Tekeste, the former Finance Minister, was among the seven new leaders appointed to replace the ousted officials. The TPLF emphasized that these changes were made because the interim administration, including Getachew Reda, had overstepped its mandate. The party accused the administration of attempting to consolidate power and function as a permanent government, contrary to the terms outlined in the Pretoria Agreement.
The political struggle within the TPLF stemmed from growing divisions between Debretsion Gebremichael, the long-serving leader of the party, and Getachew Reda, who was seen as a prominent figure in the interim administration. This divide deepened following the 14th TPLF Congress, where Getachew was reportedly expelled from the party.
The TPLF's leadership accused Getachew's administration of failing to focus on the core responsibilities outlined in the peace agreement, which prioritized the provision of essential services and reconstruction efforts in the war-torn region. The party warned that the interim government was positioning itself as a permanent governing body, undermining the transitional nature of the administration.
The TPLF's removal of Getachew Reda and other key figures created a highly volatile political environment in Tigray. As a result, the regional administration faces significant internal challenges, with uncertainties surrounding the leadership transition and the potential for further political unrest. The TPLF has stated that it will notify the Ethiopian federal government and other relevant parties about the changes in leadership and stressed that the new appointments are aimed at ensuring that the goals of the Pretoria Agreement are met.
Sala lauak

Sala Lauak adolah makanan tradisional atau jajanan pasa nan populer di ranah Minangkabau atau Sumatera Barat nan asanyo dari Pariaman. Sala dapek ditamukan di pasa tradisional ataupun restoran lapak nan alah modern namun pado umumnyo sala banyak di jua padagang kaki limo. Sala lauak sangaiklah populer di daerah rantau pado ranah minangkabau, karano pado dasarnyo makanan iko indak dapek lapeh dari pasisia ataulah lauik.
Sacaro harfiah, kato sala dapek diartian sabagai 'goreang', nan artinyo digunoan untuak babagai makanan nan diolah jo caro digoreang,mangkonyo sala lauak ko dapek pulo di hidangan lain nan ado sabuikan sala samacam nasi sala, sala udang, dan sala kapitiang. Adopun lauak sacaro sederhana artinyo ikan.
Sala lauak nan paliang umum adolah nan babantuak bulek sagadang bola pingpong. Sala babantuak bulek iko tabuek dari lauak asin nan di aluihkan jo dicampua basamo adonan tapuang bareh nan dibumbui bawang putiah. Sala jenis ikopunyo tekstur bagian lua nan agak kareh dan bagian dalamnyo nan labiah lunak.
Ragam sala lauak marupokan pangambangan dari sala lauak, sala lauak nan sifaiknyo indak dapek lapeh dari pasisia atau lauik menjadian pangambangan pado sala sandiri jo maubah bahan utamo pado sumber daya lauik, macamnyo :
Sala udang
Sala udang marupokan pangambangan dari sala lauak pado dasarnyo. Sala Udang bahan utamonyo adolah udang, bantuak dari sala udang babeda pado sala lauak bulek nan sarupo jo bola, sala udang babantuak tipihan tapuang malingka nan diatehnyo ditabuakan udang. Proses mambueknyo masih samo jo sala lauak bulek nan digoreang.
Sala kapitiang
Sala kapitiang adolah salah satu pangambangan dari sala luak, jiko diliek dari jauah sala kapitiang bantuaknyo sarupo jo sala udang dan babeda samo sala lauak bulek. sala kapitiang sarupo kapitiang goreang namun ditambah samo adonan tapuang sala katiko digoreang. Sala Kapitiang labiah acok dan cocok dimakan samo nasi.
Nasi sala
Nasi sala adolah sala nan dihidangan basamo nasi jo sambalado. Nasi sala biaso dihidangan di makan pagi atau sarapan karano mamuek porsi nan indak gadang jo sarupo samo lontoang.
Pantai Kata

Pantai Kata barado di Kota Pariaman Sumatera Barat, talatak di salatan Kota Pariaman, pantai ko mambantang di Desa Taluak jo Kalurahan Karan Aur. Deretan pasia putiah nan lueh manghampar, aia lauik barasiah jo baniang kabiru-biruan sarato deretan pohon pinuih. Namo "Kata" barasal dari duo daerah nan saliang badakek-an, yaitu Karan Aur jo Taluak.
Subalah utara pantaiko ado deretan pohon cemara nan rindang jo ayunan sarato tampek duduak nan warna-warni dan kamudian ado Tugu Ikan Situhuak. Ikan Situhuak adolah janih ikan nan sariang dijumpoi di parairan lauik Pariaman dan menjadi konsumsi untuak mambuek ragam makanan, salah satunyo adolah sala dan dinamokan sala lauak (ikan) situhuk.
Pantai kata mampunyoi pasia putiah nan tabantang laweh ditapian pantai, aia lauik nan barasiah sarato janiah kabiru-biruan. Salain itu, di pantai kata banyak tadapek batang pinus atau dapek disabuik hutan pinus.
Ado banyak fasilitas nan tadapek di Pantai Kata, diantaranyo: rumah makan, wc, mushola jo cafe-cafe nan talatak di tapi pantai. Indak hanyo itu, di pantai ko tadapek arena untuak bamain jo taman ayunan, water sport, sarato ado tugu ikan situhuk. Kalau untuak bamalam, pantai kata alah manyadiokan home stay, cottage, guest house, juo alah ado hotel.
Manuju pantai kata dapek malalui onda, oto, maupun kareta api. Jikok dari padang, bisa naiak kareta api Sibinuang, turun di stasiun pariaman, tu ikuik arah nan manunjuakan ka pantai kata. Kalau pun naiak oto maupun onda bisa mangikuti panunjuak nan ma arahkan ka pantai kata. Tampek wisata ko talatak di Teluk Karan Aur, Kota Pariaman, Sumatera Barat. Dari pulau Sumatera, jalan partamo nan harus di tampuah adolah Bandara Minangkabau nan bajarak 27 km atau mambutuahkan wakatu sakitar 45 minik. Setelah kalua Bandara bisa belok tajam ka kiri manuju jalan Olo Bangau. Kamudian, belok ka kanan manuju jalan Ketaping. Salanjuiknyo, masuak ka Jl. Syeikh Burhanuddin. Ikuik jalan jo papan patunjuak nan ka mangarah manuju ka Pantai Kata Pariaman.
Kalau dari Kota Padang, bisa naiak Kareta Api Sibinuang nan harago 5 ribu rupiah tu turun di Stasiun Pariaman. Salanjuiknyo gunokan ojek atau kandaraan pribadi nan waktu tampuah hanyo 10 minik nan jarak 3 km. Ikuikan babarapo papan patunjuak nan ado disiki. Sasudahtu, tibo di objek wisato nan manjadi kabanggaan musarakaik Pariaman.
ጫት

ጫት ወይንም በርጫ፡ በርጫ በምስራቅ አፍሪካና በየመን የተለመደ ቅጠል ነው። የጫትን ቅጠል በማኘክ 'ምርቃና' የሚባል ቃሚዎቹ ተወዳጅ ስሜት ነው የሚሉት ላይ መድረስ ይቻላል። ይህ የሚሆነው ጫት ውስጥ ያሉት ንጥረ ነግሮች ኣንጎል ላይ በሚፈጥሩት ለውጥ ሲሆን የጫት ወይም ጅማ የስነ ፍጥረት ስሙ በእንግሊዝኛ Catha edulis ነው። ጫት የተገኘው ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ነው ይባላል።
የጫት ዝርያዎች በኤትዮጵያ ወስጥ በተለያዪ ክፍለ ሃገራት ይገኛል። እንደየአገሩም የጫት (የተክሉ) ዓይነት እና በወስጡ ያለው ንጥረ ነገር ጥንካሬ (የምርቃና ሃይል) ይለያያል። በሃረር እና በአካባቢው የሚገኝ የጫት ዓይነት (ዓወዳይ) የሚባል ሲሆን ቅርንጫፎቹ ረጃጅም ቅጠሉ ደግሞ ሰፋ ያለ (ከሌሎች የጫት ዓይነቶች ጋር ሲተያይ) በወንዶ ገነት አካባቢ የሚገኘው ደግሞ 'ወንዶ ገነት' የሚባል ሲሆን የማስከር (የምርቃና) ሃይሉ ከዓወዳይ እንደሚበልጥ ይነገራል። የተክሉ ዓይነት፡ ቅርንጫፎቹ ቀጫጭን እና አጫጭር፣ ቅጠሉም ቀጠን ብሎ ዓወዳይን ያህል ወዝ የሌለው። ጫት በተለያዩ የኢትዮጵያ ክልላት በተለያየ አይነት መልኩ በመቃም ላይ ይገኛል። ለአብነትም በአማራ ክልል ውስጥ በጎንደር ባህርዳርና አካባቢዎቹ የጫት አቃቃምም ሆነ አሰፋፈሩ ከሌላው የኢትዮጵያ ክፍል በፍፁም ይለያል ይኅውም በሌላው የሀገራችን ክፍል ጫት ከነ ገረባው ወይም እንጨቱ በአነስተኛ ፕላስቲክ ተደርጎ ሲሸጥ በጎንደር ባህርዳርና አካባቢዎቹ ግን የጫቱ ቅጠል ሊቃም ከሚችል የጫቱ ለስላሳ የግንድ ክፍል ጋር ተቀንጥሶ በሚዛን ከ25 ግራም ጀምሮ እስከ ብዙ ኪሎዎች ይሸጣል። ብዙ ጊዜ ጫት መቃም ከጥቅሙ ጉዳቱ ቢብስም አንዳንድ ጥናቶች ግን ጫት ልክ እንደመድሀኒትም ያገለግላል ይላሉ። ጫት አትኩሮትን ሙሉ በሙሉ ሰርቆ ትውስታን በመንጠቅ ህይወትን አስቸጋሪ ሁኔታ ውስጥ ከሚከታት Attention Deflict Disorder ከተባለው በሽታ ነፃ እንደሚያወጣ ይነገራል።ነገር ግን የምክር አይደለም።
ዩናይትድ እስቴትስ በጫት መጠቀም ክልክል ነው።
ዛፉ እስክ 7 ሜትር ወይም አንዳንዴ 15-20 ሜትር ይቆማል።
የአረብኛው ስሙ /ጛአት/ ሲሆን የዚህም በፊደል ቁጥር ድምር 501 ሲሆን፣ ጫት 501 ልዩ ልዩ እርጉሞች እንዳሉበት በአንዳንድ አጓጉል እምነት ተገኝቷል።
ሥሩ በአንዳንድ ቦታ ለግሪፕ (ኢንፍሉዌንዛ)፣ ለሆድ ወይም ደረት ችግሮች ተጠቅሟል።
የቅጠሉ አደንዛዥ ውጤት ከድካም ወይም ከረሃብ ያስታግሣል።
ጫትና ጌሾ በእኩል መጠኖች ጥራት ያለ ጠጅ ይሠራል። ይህ ጥራት ከ፰ ቀን በኋላ ግን ይጠፋል።
የጫት ቅጠልና የእንጭብር ሥር ተድቅቀው በቅቤ ለአስማ መሳል ይጠጣል።
እነሞር

እነሞር ጉራጌ ዞን ውስጥ ከሚገኙት ወረዳዎች አንዱና ዋነኛው ሢሆን በውስጡም 66 ቀበሌዎች አሉ። በወረዳው የተለያዩ የግብርና ምርቶች የሚመረቱ ሲሆን ከእነዚህም መካከል እንሰት፣ ቡና፣ ጫት ጤፍ እንዲሁም ፍራፍሬዎችም ይመረታሉ። ወረዳዋ ሦስት አይነት የአየር ፀባይ ያላት ሲሆን እነርሱም ቆላ፣ ደጋ፣ ወይናደጋ ናቸው። የወረዳው ዋና ከተማ ጉንችሬ ናት።
በርጫ

በርጫ በአጠቃላይ የጫት መቃምን ስነ-ሥርዓት ያጠቃልላል። በርጫ ሲጀመር በፈጣሪ ምስጋና ይከፈትና፡ ወደ ጫት የመቃሙ ሂደት ይገባል። የዘወትር ቃሚዎች ለመቃም ትንሽ ሲቀራቸው ጀምሮ እስከ መጀመሪያው የጫት ጉርሻ ባሉት ሰዓታት ውስጥ ድምፃቸውን የማጉላት፣ እርስበእርስ የመተራረብ፣ አልፎ አልፎም የመሳደብና የመጣላት ባሕሪ ይታይባቸዋል። የሙዚቃ ምርጫቸውም ሞቅ ያለ ነው በዚህ ስዓት።
ሁለተኛው የበርጫ ክፍለ ጊዘ ቁምነገርም ሆን አልሆነ፡ በተጀመረው አርዕስት ላይ ጥልቀት ያለው ውይይትና ክርክር በማድረግና ኃሣብ የማመንጫትና የማብራራት በቃሚዎች ላይ ይታያል። ሦስተኛውና የመጨረሻው ክፍል ዝምታ የሰፈነበት የምርቃና ክፍለ ጊዘ ሲሆን በዚህም ወቅት ቃሚዎች ረብሻ አይፈልጉም። በግል ኃሣባቸው የመዋጥ፣ የማንበብ ወይም ጸጉር የመጠቅለል፣ የጫት እንጨት የመስባበርና ወዘተ ድግግም ነገሮችን የሚስሩበት ወቅት ነው።
ጸጋዬ ገብረ መድህን

ፀጋዬ ገብረመድኅን (1928-1998) ቦባዳ ተብላ በምትታውቅ አምቦ ካተማ አካባቢ በምትገኝ ተራራማ ቦታ ተወለዱ። በአምቦ ማአረገ ሕይወት ቀ.ኃ.ሥ. ትምህርት ቤት ከዚያም ጀነራል ዊንጌትና በአዲስ አበባ የንግድ ትምህርት ቤት በአገር ውስጥ ትምህርታችውን ከገፉ በኋላ በቺካጎ ብላክስቶን በህግ ትምህርት ተመርቀው በ1952 እንደ ወጡ በለንደን ከተማ የቴአትር ትምህርት በሮያል ኮርት ቴአትርና በፓሪስ ኮሜዲ ፍራንሴዝ ተከታትለዋል። ከ1954 እስከ 1964 የብሔራዊ ቴአትር በአርቲስቲክ ዳይሬክተርነት አገለግለዋል። ከዚያም በአዲስ አበባ ዩኒቨርሲቲ የቴአትር ዲፓርትመንትን አቋቁመዋል።
ሆኖም በ1960ዎቹ ደርግ አብዛኛውን የቴአትር ሥራዎቻቸውን ሲያግድ እሳቸውንም ለማሰር በቅቷል።
ብላቴን ሎሬት ጸጋዬ በርካታ ግጥሞችን፥ የቴአትር ሥራዎችን የተለያዩ መጣጥፎችንና ዘፈኖችን አበርክታዋል። ጸጋዬ በ1990 ለጉበት በሽታ ሕክምና በመሻት ወደ ማንሃታን በሄዱበት አርፈዋል። በአዲስ አበባ በቅድስት ሥላሴ ቤተክርቲያን ተቀብረዋል። ነፍሳቸውን በአብርሃም እቅፍ ያኑርልን::
እንደ፡ አዉሮፓ፡ አቈጣጠር፡ በ 2002 ዓ.ም. የብላቴን ሎሬት ጸጋዬ፡ ገብረ መድህን፡ ግጥም፡ ("Proud to be African") አዲስ፡ በተመሰረተው፡ የአፍሪካ፡ ኣንድነት፡ ማሕበር፡ በሕዝብ፥ መዝሙርነት፡ ተመርጧል።
ከሳቸዉ፡ ጽሁፎች፡ መካከል፡ የሚከተሉት፡ ዪገኛሉ ። ... .....
ዝክረ ፀጋዬ<br>
ብላቴን ጌታ ሎሬት ፀጋዬ ገብረመድሕን እነሆ በሞት ከተለየን ድፍን አራት አመታት ተቆጠሩ። ትዝታም አራተኛ ሙት አመቱን (February 25, 2006) በማሰብ ስራዎቹን በግርድፉም ቢሆን በማውሳት እነሆ የፀጋዬ ዝክር ትላለች።<br>
የእረፍት ዋዜማ፦<br> ፀጋዬ ከማረፉ አራት አመታት ቀደም ብሎም በዶ/ር ኄራን ሠረቀብርሃን አማካይነት በዋሽንግተን ዲሲ የፀጋዬ ግጥሞች በሲዲ ተቀርፀው ተመርቀዋል። 1 የስንብት ዝግጅት ይሆን። ትንቢት አስቀድሞ ለነገር እንዲሉ።<br>
ፀጋዬ ከማረፉ አስራ አምስት ቀን አስቀድሞ የ«አንድምታ» ባልደረባ አናግሮት ነበር። እስኪ ሁለቱን የሎሬት ፀጋዬን ጥኡም ወጎች ላስቀድም።<
በአፄ ምኒልክ ዘመን እንግሊዞች ቱርካና ሃይቅ አካባቢ ዝሆን ያድኑ ነበርና አንዴ አደናቸውን ተከትለው ሲገስግሱ ከኢትዮጵያ ኬላ ደርሰው ኖሮ ድንበር አላሳልፍ ካሉ የኬላ ጠባቂዎች ጋር የተኩስ ልውውጥ ይደረግና ከአዳኞቹ አንዱ በዚሁ ምክንያት ይሞታል። እንግሊዞችም አቤቱታ ያሰሙና ነገሩ አባ መላ (ፊታውራሪ ሀብተ ጊዮርጊስ) ዘንድ ይደርሳል። እንግሊዞቹ ያለአግባብ ሰው እንደተገደለባቸው አመልክተው የደም ካሳ እንዲሆናቸው ከኢትዮጵያ ድንበር ውስጥ መሬት እንዲሰጣቸው ነበር የጠየቁት። አባመላ ነገሩን ያጠኑና ችግር እንደሌለው ለእንግሊዞቹ ይገልጻሉ። ነገሩ ከመፈጸሙ በፊት ግን “ይኸ ህግ እናንተ ሃገርም እንደሚሰራበት ማየት ስለምንሻ በሰነድ መልክ ረቂቁ ካለ እስቲ እንየው። እውነት የእንግሊዝ ሰው የዌልስን ሰው ቢገድል እንግሊዝ ከመሬቷ ለዌልስ የምትሰጥ ከሆነ እኛም እንሰጣለን። እሱም የሚሆነው ለተገደለብን የኬላ ጠባቂ ካሳ የሚሆን ከቱርካና ሃይቅ አካባቢ መሬት ከተረከብን ይሆናል ብለው መለሷቸው።<
ሌላው ደግሞ የሎሬት ፀጋዬ ከ«ሕይወት ቢራቢሮ» መታተም ጋራ ተያይዞ ለአንድምታ ባልደረባ ያወጋው ነው። መጀመሪያ የግጥሟን ቅንጫቢ ነቢይ መኮንን ከተረካው እነሆ!]]<br> «...ምን አይተሻል ከቄጤማ፣ ምን አይተሻል ከለምለሙ< ቀን አብረሽ አብበሽ ውለሽ፣ ሲመሽ አብረሽ መስለምለሙ?...< አስተምሪኝ ቢራ ቢሮ፣ ሰው ለመባል አለኝታዬ< ቀድሞ የት ነው መነሻዬ&lt ሲመሽ የት ነው መድረሻዬ...< ሲተረትማ ሲወጋ፣ ከየብልጭታው ውጋጋን< የሰው አራዊት የአእዋፍ፣ ውስብስብ ነገደ-ጉንዳን< ሲነሳ ሲሮጥ ሲደፋ፣ ሲያጋድል ሲያዛባ ሚዛን< በማይመጠን ታላቅ ኃይል፣ በተፈጥሮ ግዙፍ ሥልጣን< ሊፍተለተል ይወለዳል፣ ሳይነቃ ይወድማል ይባላል<br> ልደቱ ዕድሜና ሞቱ፣ አለማቋረጥ ይጓዛል፤<br> ይኸ ይሆን አልፋ - ኦሜጋ? ይኸ ይሆን አስቀድሞ ቃል?» < ፀጋዬ እንዲህ አለ። «እሷ ግጥም በጋዜጣ ታትማ በወጣች ማግስት መንግስቱ ለማ ከቢሮዬ መጥቶ ቢራውን እስቲ አምጣው ወይስ ዝም ብለህ ነው ቢራ ቢሮ ያልከው» ብሎ እንደቀለደብኝ ትዝ ይለኛል።ትንሽ ትከዝ ብሎም «መንግስቱ ምን የመሰለ ደማም ቋንቋ የነበረው ሰው ነበር።አሁን እኮ ደማም ቋንቋ የሚናገር ሰው ሁሉ ጠፋ»።አፈሩ ይቅለለውና ሎሬት ፀጋዬ የኛን ትውልድ <<ጫት አመንዣኪ>> ትውልድ ነበር የሚለው።እንዲህ እንደነሱ ዘመን ባይጎሉም ውድድሩም ቢጠናባቸውም አሁንም እኮ አንቱ የተባሉ ወጣት ደራሲያን ገጣሚያን አሉን። ጊዜው ሲደርስ እንዘክራቸዋለን።<br>
አምቦ አካባቢ ልዩ ስሟ ቦዳ ከኦሮሞና ከአማራ ወገኖቹ የተወለደው ፀጋዬ ገና በልጅነቱ ነበር ሶስቱ ቋንቋዎች አማርኛ፡ እንግሊዘኛና ኦሮሞኛ የተገሩለት። በትምሕርት እየጎለመሰ ሲሄድም ደራሲነቱን ገጣሚነቱን እንዲያ ሲልም ፀሃፊ-ተውኔትነቱን በዋነኛነት በጎልማሳነት ዘመኑ ደግሞ ማህበረሰባዊ ሃያሲነት እና የአፍሪካ የሰው ዘር እና የቅብጥ ቋንቋ እና ባህል ጠቢብነትን አክሎበት እስከ እለተ ህልፈቱ ዘልቋል። በኩላሊት በሽታ መለከፉ እና አለመዳኑን እንዲያም ሲል በጉብዝናው ወራት ያላሰበውን ስደት በሕክምና ሳቢያ የአብራኩ ክፋይ ልጆቹ ወዳሉበት አሜሪካ አቅንቶ በዚያው አሸልቧል። የማሳረጊያ ግጥሙም ይህንን ተስፋ ቢስነትን አመላካች ይሆን።<br> የማይነጋ ሕልም ሳልም<br>
መደብ:የኢትይዮጵያ ሰዎች
Chebera Churchura National Park

Chebera Churchura National Park is a national park located on the western side of the central Omo Gibe basin, in between the Dawro zone and Konta zone in South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region in the southwest of Ethiopia. The park is located 133 km south from Jimma and 483 km southwest from Addis Ababa.
The Chebera Churchura national park used to be the Kulo-Konta controlled hunting area set for hunting elephants before being upgraded to a national park in 2005 by the regional government.
The park has a total area of 1250 square kilometres and elevation ranges from 500-2000 meters above sea level. The annual rain fall ranges from 1200 mm to 2300 mm and temperature ranges from 10-29°C. Wet seasons are from March to September and dry seasons are from December to February. The park harbors four small cretor lakes such as Keriballa, Koka, and Shasho. There are 49 perennial rivers crossing the park. The river Zinga which is one of the tributaries of the Omo river rises from the northeast highlands of the area and cross the central part of the park. The Shoshuma river rises from the northwestern highlands of konta area flows across the northeastern part of the park and joins the Zinga river inside the park and drain to Omo river. There are also natural caves existing in the park.[2] the park also contains various hot and cold springs like Toshima, Nechwuha, and waterfalls like Barbo waterfall.[3]
The park contains four types of habitats, grasslands, wood lands, mountain forest and riverine forests. Most of the park which is covered by 62% is wooded grassland dominated by elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), with montane woodland comprising 29% along with woodland and riparian forest the rest. Palm trees are significantly diverse within the park's ecoregion. Dominant woody vegetation includes Ficus, Combretum, Ehertia, and Albizia species. The natural forest harbors non-timber forest products known for economic value such as Enset, Coffee, Coriander, and Piper species. So far 106 woody plant species were identified of which six are endemic to Ethiopia.[4]
The park is home to 37 species of large mammals. It provides home to wild African elephants that are commonly rare within the protected forest areas and open grasslands, by which the park harbors over 500 individuals moving in different herds. Mammals that are also found in Chebera Churchura national park include lions, leopards, servals, greater kudus, colobus monkeys, vervet monkeys, hippos, defassa waterbucks, warthogs, and Cape buffalos.
There are 237 species of birds in the park. Among these species of birds, white-winged cliff chat, banded barbet, wattled ibis, Ethiopian oriole, and thick-billed raven are endemic to Ethiopia.
2. All about the elephant in Chebera Churchura park. This is an Amharic video made by FANA Broadcasting Corporation showing an interview with the director of the park.
Inmigración libanesa en Ecuador

La inmigración libanesa en Ecuador comenzó en 1875.​ Son mayoritariamente comerciantes, pero han destacado también en otros ámbitos tales como el político.
La migración de Líbano a Ecuador comenzó en 1875.​ Los primeros migrantes libaneses tendían a trabajar como vendedores ambulantes independientes, y no como trabajadores asalariados en la agricultura o en las demás empresas ecuatorianas.​ A pesar de que emigraron para escapar de la opresión otomana, fueron llamados "turcos" por los ecuatorianos, ya que llevaban pasaportes otomanos.​ Hubo más olas de inmigración en la primera mitad del siglo XX, en 1930, había 577 inmigrantes libaneses y 489 de sus descendientes residentes en el país, principalmente en Quito y Guayaquil.​
El número de los descendientes de libaneses en el Ecuador no es demasiado claro. Una estimación de 1982 del Ministerio libanés de Asuntos Exteriores declaró 20 000, mientras que otra estimación privada a partir de 1986 lo puso tan alto como 97 500,​ residiendo principalmente en Quito y Guayaquil. Ellos son en su gran mayoría de la religión católica.
Cantón Huaquillas

Huaquillas es la ciudad fronteriza y principal entrada vía terrestre al Ecuador, ubicada al suroeste de la provincia ecuatoriana de El Oro. Es la cuarta ciudad con mayor número de habitantes en la provincia.
Huaquillas, es la capital del cantón homónimo y se ubica en el límite fronterizo con Perú. Un puente internacional que se extiende sobre el río Zarumilla conecta este pueblo con el distrito peruano de Aguas Verdes, actualmente se lleva a cabo la construcción de un nuevo puente internacional, que se localiza a las afueras de la ciudad. Ambas ciudades tienen un intenso movimiento comercial tanto en establecimiento formales como mediante vendedores ambulantes. Asimismo, tanto en Huaquillas como en Aguas Verdes circulan libremente el dólar estadounidense (moneda que circula en Ecuador) y el sol peruano.
Esta localidad fue escenario de las luchas que iniciaron la Guerra peruano-ecuatoriana el 5 de julio de 1941.
El 8 de octubre de 1980 obtiene su cantonización durante la presidencia de Jaime Roldós.​
Su fundación es el 1 de octubre y se celebra el 6 de octubre. Su alcalde actual es Alberto Astudillo.
Su población es de 47.706 habitantes en estimación para el censo 2010
El Cantón de Huaquillas forma parte de la Conurbación binacional de Huaquillas-Zarumilla en donde viven 82.227 habitantes en una superficie de 231 km², siendo esta área metropolitana la más poblada binacionalmente entre el Perú y Ecuador.
El cantón Huaquillas divide en 6 parroquias:
Canelazo

El canelazo es una bebida alcohólica caliente que se consume en las zonas montañosas de Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y el norte de Argentina. Los orígenes de la bebida son los Andes, donde se ha consumido desde hace mucho tiempo.​
Por lo general, consiste en aguardiente, azúcar o panela, y agua de canela.​​​ Se hace tradicionalmente de aguardiente artesanal, pero ahora se hace de alcohol embotellado también.​ Existen algunas variantes de la receta.​ Se prepara frecuentemente con jugo (por lo general jugo de naranjilla, pero también jugo de limón).​ A veces se añade clavo de olor o se omite el alcohol.​
En Ecuador, vendedores ambulantes lo venden a menudo durante fiestas.​ Es especialmente popular el día de Navidad o fiestas de Quito.​ En 2005, una empresa comenzó a embotellar canelazo sin alcohol para exportarlo.​
Es consumido en la sierra norte del Perú, específicamente en la zona de Ayabaca en Piura.​ Se prepara mezclando aguardiente de caña con azúcar (o chancaca) y canela hervidas en agua; también se le puede añadir limón y chicha de jora.​
História de Amor

História de Amor (traducción y título en español: Historia de amor) es una telenovela brasileña transmitida por Rede Globo desde 3 de julio de 1995 hasta 2 de marzo de 1996. Está protagonizada por Regina Duarte, José Mayer y Carla Marins, con las participaciones antagónicas de Lília Cabral, Carolina Ferraz, Nuno Leal Maia, Ângelo Paes Leme y Sebastião Vasconcelos y con las actuaciones estelares de Eva Wilma, Cláudio Corrêa e Castro, José de Abreu y Flávia Alessandra.​
The Amazing Race Latinoamérica 2011

The Amazing Race Latinoamérica 2011 fue la tercera edición latinoamericana del programa The Amazing Race. Fue la primera temporada emitida por el canal Space en conjunto con Disney Media Networks Latin America y la firma venezolana Cinemat. Se contó con once parejas, con una relación preexistente, en una carrera en toda América Latina para ganar el premio de US$250.000.​
Harris Whitbeck una vez más presentó el programa​ que nuevamente fue producido por Leonardo Aranguibel, Fernando Barbosa y Melyna Deluchi. Sin embargo, en esta ocasión la dirección general del espacio fue encomendada al venezolano Marco Colantoni.
Éste se inició el 20 de febrero y finalizó el 30 de abril. Las entrevistas a los semi-finalistas y las entrevistas para el casting final se realizaron en privado en torno a mayo y junio del año en curso. Ese mismo mes fueron elegidos, también de forma confidencial, las 11 duplas que participaron en la competencia.
El rodaje se llevó a cabo en total reserva. Finalizó en agosto.
Los siguientes equipos participaron en la carrera, con sus relaciones al momento de la filmación. Las posiciones están en la lista por orden de llegada:
Al final de algunas etapas se le da un premio a cada miembro del equipo que ocupe el primer lugar:
Tareas adicionales:
Ganadores de la etapa: Felipe & Alejandro.
Con multa: Vero y Gaba.
Tareas adicionales:
Ganadores de la etapa: Juan del Mar & Toya.
Eliminados: Ale & Eze.
Tareas adicionales:
Ganadores de la etapa: Felipe & Alejandro.
Eliminados: Vero y Gaba.
Tareas adicionales:
Ganadores de la etapa: Felipe & Alejandro.
Eliminados: Mónica & Rosy.
Tareas adicionales:
Ganadores de la etapa: Felipe & Alejandro.
Con multa: Pablo & Rosario.
Tareas adicionales:
Ganadores de la etapa: Felipe & Alejandro.
Eliminados: Pablo & Rosario.
Tareas adicionales:
Ganadores de la etapa: Rick & Kathy.
Eliminados: Nico & André.
Tareas adicionales:
Ganadores de la etapa: Nicolás & Cristóbal.
Eliminados: José & Marisol.
Tareas adicionales:
Ganadores de la etapa: Nicolás & Cristóbal.
Con multa: Juan del Mar & Toya.
Tareas adicionales:
Ganadores de la etapa: Nicolás & Cristóbal.
Eliminados: Juan del Mar & Toya.
Tareas adicionales:
Ganadores de la etapa: Nicolás & Cristóbal.
Eliminados: Kathy & Rick.
Tareas adicionales:
Ganadores de la etapa: Maxi & Demi.
En el obstáculo, un miembro de cada equipo tenía que viajar en el ascensor hasta la azotea del Condominio Edificio Saint Honoré y bajar en rappel para recibir su siguiente pista.
Tareas adicionales
Ganadores de la carrera: Nicolás y Cristóbal.
Segundo lugar: Felipe y Alejandro.
Tercer lugar: Maxi y Demi.
Equipos invitados: Kathy y Rick & Pablo y Rosario P.D.: Pablo y Rosario no se vieron por T.V ya que no fueron filmados pero oficialmente fue un equipo invitado.
Jorge Martillo

Jorge Martillo Monserrate (Guayaquil, 2 de mayo de 1957) es un poeta y cronista ecuatoriano. En 2024, recibió por parte del presidente Daniel Noboa el Premio Eugenio Espejo, máximo galardón cultural ecuatoriano, por sus aportaciones a las artes literarias.​
Nació en Guayaquil el 2 de mayo de 1957, hijo de Jorge Martillo Vinueza, operador de proyectores de cine, y de Jacinta Monserrate Saldaña. Su obra literaria incluye crónicas, ensayos, cuentos y poesía.​​
Desde 1975 ha trabajado en medios de comunicación, como los diarios Expreso y El Universo y las revistas Diners y Elite, donde trabajó como cronista de hechos cotidianos. En una entrevista con uno de estos medios, se consideró "ser una especie de cámara fotográfica que imprime todas las visiones que pasan desapercibidas por comunes y propias".​ Sus trabajos son postales costumbristas en las que usa guayaquileñismos.​​ Previo a estos empleos, se desempeñaba como docente de un colegio fiscal en Guayaquil.​
Ha ganado premios en el Concurso de Poesía Medardo Ángel Silva de Guayaquil (1979-1984), Concurso de Cuento Revista Ariel Internacional (1982), Concurso de Poesía del Festival de las Flores y de las Frutas de Ambato (1986), Premio Aurelio Espinosa Pólit (1991), tercer lugar en el Concurso Nacional de Poesía Ismael Pérez Pazmiño (1996),​ entre otros.​​
En 2013 lanzó su libro de crónicas irrelevantes Guayaquil de mis desvaríos, donde da importancia a cosas mínimas cotidianas, como todo lo que sucede mientras el semáforo está en luz roja y los carros se detienen, los vendedores deambulan, los mendigos piden caridad, etc.​
En 2017, Martillo publicó un libro recogiendo cincuenta historias de varios artistas y personalidades que han dejado huella en Guayaquil.​
Poesía
Crónicas
Antologías
Eduardo Alcaraz

Alfredo Vergara Morales, conocido artísticamente como Eduardo Alcaraz (Santiago, 13 de abril de 1915-Ciudad de México, 17 de abril de 1987) fue un actor chileno, radicado en México desde el año 1951 participando en películas de la Época de Oro del cine mexicano como actor de reparto y en doblaje de varias series de televisión.
Actor de carácter y de comedias, en el cine interpretaba frecuentemente a banqueros y hombres de negocios. Se inició en el mundo del espectáculo como cantante de tangos, también trabajó en el teatro en obras musicales.
En 1949, mientras trabajaba en Radio Quito, participó de una adaptación de La guerra de los mundos, de manera similar a como lo había hecho Orson Welles una década antes en Estados Unidos. Alcaraz estuvo a cargo del guion de esta nueva versión, que también representaba los hechos narrados como si se tratase de una transmisión verídica. Cuando se reveló que se trataba de una historia ficticia, una multitud se dirigió al edificio del periódico El Comercio, donde funcionaba la radio, y lo incendió. Seis personas fallecieron.​​​
Se trasladó a México en 1951 trabajando en el cine mexicano, luego trabajó en la televisión, produjo el programa Club Ron Potrero y en muchas telenovelas. Experto en el doblaje de voces, prestó su voz a cientos de actores en series de televisión, películas y dibujos animados. Se casó con Lourdes Romero Tanguma, (fallecida en un accidente en Cuernavaca en 1983), con quien procreó tres hijos: Miguel Ángel, Guadalupe y Eduardo. Delicado de salud luego del fallecimiento de su esposa, padeció diabetes y sufrió la amputación de una pierna. Falleció el 18 de abril de 1987, en México, D.F. a los 72 años de edad.
Sus telenovelas más reconocidas por haberlas protagonizado son Un original y veinte copias, Una mujer marcada y El engaño.
En su extensa labor como actor de doblaje podemos mencionar entre sus personajes más conocidos a Siegfried en la serie de TV El súper agente 86 y la voz del inescrupuloso "Dr. Smith" en la mítica serie Perdidos en el espacio.
Hawker centre

Un hawker centre o también en inglés food centre son una variedad de patios de comida que se originan en Singapur.​​​​ Con muchos puestos que venden una variedad de cocinas locales y asiáticas, generalmente se encuentran en toda la ciudad-estado, ubicados cerca de urbanizaciones públicas o centros de transporte (como intercambiadores de autobuses o estaciones de tren).
Los centros de vendedores ambulantes fueron establecidos por el gobierno de Singapur como una opción más sanitaria que los lugares para comer al aire libre de vendedores ambulantes al aire libre en la calle. En lugar de carritos de comida móviles, se proporcionan puestos permanentes en edificios al aire libre para los vendedores ambulantes con mesas y sillas compartidas o dedicadas al puesto para los clientes. Este fenómeno también se ve favorecido por las leyes de licencias de vendedores ambulantes y la eliminación total de los vendedores ambulantes en Singapur.​
Los Hawker centres crecieron en áreas urbanas siguiendo los patrones de la rápida urbanización existente en los años 1950s y 1960s. En muchos casos dieron lugar a problemas de higiene, debido a la falta de preparación del personal responsable. Hoy en día la preparación y estilode estos centros se ha propagado fuera del Sureste Asiático y es popular en Estados Unidos en forma de food court existente en los centros comerciales.
En 2019, Singapur presentó su nominación para inscribir su cultura ambulante en la Lista Representativa del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad de la UNESCO. La inscripción se anunció el 16 de diciembre de 2020, cuando la UNESCO describió el centro de vendedores ambulantes de Singapur como "'comedores comunitarios' donde personas de diversos orígenes se reúnen y comparten la experiencia de cenar durante el desayuno, el almuerzo y la cena". Posteriormente, se confirmó que todos los puestos ubicados dentro de los centros de venta ambulante en todo el país también recibirán una "etiqueta de Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la UNESCO" que podrán colocar en los frentes de sus puestos.​​​
Bakuto

Un bakuto (博徒, bakuto) era un jugador itinerante japonés, existentes desde comienzos del siglo VIII hasta mediados del siglo XX. Junto al gremio de los Tekiya (vendedores ambulantes), fueron los antecesores de las modernas bandas criminales japonesas conocidas como yakuza.
Los bakuto ejercían sus artes en los pueblos y rutas del Japón feudal, jugando juegos tradicionales tales como el hanafuda y los dados. En general eran marginados sociales de diversos orígenes, que vivían fuera de las leyes y normas de la sociedad. Sin embargo, durante la era Tokugawa, en ocasiones eran contratados por los gobiernos locales para jugar con los trabajadores y extraerles el salario, a cambio de un porcentaje de las ganancias.
Los bakuto generalmente operaban en pequeños garitos de apuestas situados a las afueras de los pueblos o en los barrios marginales de las ciudades, sitios donde no fueran importunados por las autoridades. Se cree que la práctica yakuza de cortar dedos tiene su origen en el castigo que aplicaban los bakuto a sus deudores.
Era común que los bakuto adornaran su cuerpo con elaborados tatuajes, que eran lucidos por el jugador sin camisa durante un juego de cartas o dados. Esta costumbre dio origen a la tradición de los yakuza de tatuarse todo el cuerpo.
Con el tiempo los bakuto se organizaron en grupos y expandieron a otro tipo de actividades como la usura, sentando parte de las bases para la yakuza moderna (el otro grupo de itinerantes que aportó a la yakuza fueron los tekiya o vendedores ambulantes).
Hasta mediados del siglo XX, algunas organizaciones yakuza que se dedicaban principalmente al juego se identificaban a sí mismos como grupos bakuto. Pero esta práctica fue cayendo en desuso, y la mayoría fueron absorbidos por sindicatos yakuza más grandes y diversos. Por ejemplo, los Honda-kai eran un grupo bakuto originario de Kōbe. que formó una alianza luego de la Segunda Guerra Mundial con los Yamaguchi-gumi, para luego ser absorbidos por la organización más grande.
Un ejemplo ficticio de un bakuto sería Zatōichi, el jugador ciego que aparece en numerosas películas japonesas.
King Charles Troupe

The King Charles Troupe (also known as KCT or the KCs; founded as Charles Unicycle Riders) is an American group of unicycling and basketball playing circus performers. In 1969, they became the first known major African-American circus act in modern American circus.
The King Charles Troupe was created by Jerry King in the Bronx, New York in 1958, "as a community unicycle club that instilled the ideas of Christian principals, character building and discipline to give neighborhood youth an opportunity to become productive citizens." King was inspired by a performance he saw in 1918 of Ringling Brothers Circus, where he witnessed a man ride a unicycle on a highwire. He taught his 6-year-old son, Charles, how to ride a unicycle in the hallway of their apartment building. King started a club, and his students would refer to him as "the Old Man" or "Mr. Jerry." One of King's students, Albert Owens, was on a unicycle when a basketball rolled near him. While still on the unicycle, Owens shot the basketball into a hoop. From there, the first iteration of the King Charles Troupe was formed. Originally called the "Charles Unicycle Riders" after King's son, de facto business manager Bill Minson, a reverend, rebranded the group as the "King Charles Troupe...because it had a showbiz flair to it." They would train by riding on cobblestones.
A talent scout for Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, Trolle Rhodin [no; sv], attempted in vain to convince the circus to hire them. Irvin Feld, at the time the producer for the circus, saw the Troupe perform on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson. He was impressed, and had them audition for him on the sidewalk of Madison Square Garden, subsequently hiring them for the 1969 show as the circus' first all-Black circus act, the same year the circus had hired its first Black clown, Reggie Montgomery. Feld fired several managers who were intolerant of the Troupe on account of the Troupe's race.
In 1981, the Troupe performed with the magicians Siegfried and Roy in their show "Beyond Belief" at The Frontier hotel in Las Vegas. Siegfried and Roy included the Troupe in a number where they escorted a white showgirl down a large staircase, an act that faced "extreme disapproval" from hotel bosses. It was unheard of to mix black and white people that way. Siegfried and Roy said
In 1996, they performed with the UniverSoul Circus.
In 2006, they performed in the first season of America's Got Talent. They were eliminated in the semi-finals.
In 2015, they joined the Martin Luther King, Jr. Parade in Savannah, GA.
In 2020, the King Charles Troupe was inducted into the Circus Ring of Fame, an award that recognizes people who have made a significant contribution to the art and culture of circus.
In 2021, the Bronx honored The King Charles Troupe with a co-name street ceremony. The street name sign is called "King Charles Unicycle Troupe Way" and sits on the corner of E. 170th St. and Clinton Ave in the Bronx, NY. 1400 Clinton Ave is where Jerry King, wife Alma King, and son, Charles King all lived.
As of 2023, the group is based in Las Vegas, NV.
Centro Cultural Metropolitano

Centro Cultural Metropolitano (English: Metropolitan Cultural Center) is a cultural institution based in Quito, Ecuador. It was established in 1997 in a building which dates to 1622.
This building belongs to the colonial epoch, but its facade was rebuilt in the 20th century. The First Central University was in this building. It also was a jail where Spanish authorities executed insurgents during the Ecuadorian War of Independence.
0°13′13″S 78°30′48″W﻿ / ﻿0.2204°S 78.5132°W﻿ / -0.2204; -78.5132
Nadia Mejia

Nadia Grace Eicher Mejia (born 22 November 1995) is an American-Ecuadorian model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss California USA 2016 and placed in the Top 5 at Miss USA 2016. She also competed at Miss Universe Ecuador 2024, eventually finishing first runner-up.
Mejia is the daughter of Ecuadorian-born musician Gerardo Mejía, best known for the 1991 song "Rico Suave", and Kathy Eicher, Miss West Virginia USA 1989, and appeared with her family on the reality television show Suave Says. She is a 2013 graduate of Diamond Bar High School. Mejia works as a model and is signed to Next Management. She once suffered from anorexia.
Mejia began her pageantry career when she was crowned as Miss Beverly Hills Teen USA 2013 and then competing two times for Miss California Teen USA and making fourth runner-up in 2013 and the next year was top twenty in the same category. Her mother was the inspiration to Mejia to continue in the beauty pageants, after the diagnosis of bulimia. Later she won Miss Malibu USA 2015 and making the top twenty at Miss California USA 2015. Mejia won the Miss California USA 2016 title as Miss Corona del Mar, on December 6, 2015 She went on to represent California at the Miss USA 2016 pageant where she was voted Fan Favorite and made the top five. Mejia's open sharing of her body image struggle was praised as a contributing factor for winning the fan favourite vote, however her failed attempt at answering a question about economics during the interview competition was also widely reported in the media. In 2018, Mejía was featured in major advertising campaigns for Skechers and Too Faced Cosmetics. In January 2024 Mejia returned to pageantry, participating in the virtual casting for the first edition of Miss Universe Ecuador, where she was selected as one of the 25 contestants chosen to vie for the title. She was later designated as delegate to the U.S. Ecuadorian community in the national pageant.
Ecuadorian Civil War of 1932

The Ecuadorian Civil War was a war fought in August 1932 between supporters and opponents of president Isidro Ayora.
In the aftermath of the Wall Street crash of 1929, Ecuadorian cacao exports dropped dramatically. Widespread unemployment and poor living conditions led to the unopposed military coup of 1931, effectively ending the rule of president Isidro Ayora. Supported by the far-right, lower class movement of Compactación Obrera Nacional, Neptalí Bonifaz Ascázubi became the Ecuadorian president.
In August 1932, a variety of liberal and leftist Congress members blocked Bonifaz's assumption of power, thus starting the war.
A four-day conflict ensued. The Quito garrison, supported by pro presidential paramilitaries succeeded in suspending the work of the Congress. Despite the initial success, Bonifaz failed to remain in power, as the majority of the armed forces stationed in Quito avoided any involvement in the conflict. Aided by provincial regiments, the anti-presidential paramilitaries later restored the Congress into power, ending Bonifaz's reign. Over 2,000 people were killed in the fighting.
Experiences related to the Ecuadorian civil war have inspired a large number of Oswaldo Guayasamín's early works, including "Los Niños Muertos".
Smut Peddlers

Smut Peddlers are an American punk band originally from Redondo Beach, California. The band has been performing live since 1993 and has toured in Europe and North America. The Smut Peddlers are notorious in Southern California for their spirited and rowdy live shows.
The band was formed in Redondo Beach in April 1993. They played regularly in Orange County in the early 2000s.
In 1995, Smut Peddlers released their first album, Failure on the band's own label Ransom Records. The follow-up Freedom was released in 1997. Their third full-length album Tarball 2000 was released on Ransom Records in 1999. ISM is their fourth full-length album, released in 2001. Their fifth album, Coming Out, was released in 2004 on the independent label, TKO Records. A live DVD/CD of the band titled That's Amore was released by TKO Records in 2005.
The band's music was featured in Big Brother magazine's 1996 skateboarding video. They were also featured on the 2002 soundtrack to Jackass: The Movie and the 2006 soundtrack to Jackass Number Two. In addition, the band's music has been featured on several episodes of the television shows Jackass, Wildboyz, and Rob and Big. The band also contributed two songs to the Jackass video game.
The band toured Europe in August 2002, playing 16 cities throughout Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Belgium, headlining all shows except three. Smut Peddlers also toured the United States in May/June 2005, though a European tour that year was canceled after John Ransom made right-wing statements to Thrasher magazine.
The band released a new album for the first time in ten years titled Going In on July 12, 2014, on their own label, Ransom Records. On June 30, in support of the new album, Smut Peddlers released a video of the song "California Gold" on YouTube.
Peddlers (film)

Peddlers is a 2012 Indian Hindi-language crime thriller film written and directed by Vasan Bala. The film stars Gulshan Devaiah, Nishikant Kamat, Kriti Malhotra, Nimrat Kaur and Siddharth Menon. The film was screened as part of Critics' Week of 2012 Cannes Film Festival.
Film's producer, Guneet Monga raised nearly ₹1 crore (US$120,000), half of film's budget of ₹2 crore (US$230,000) by posting the film's script on Facebook.
The film is set in Mumbai, and revolves around 20-year-old destitute boys who get trapped in the drug trade and a young cop, who tracks them.
The film was screened as part of Critics' Week of 2012 Cannes Film Festival.
Eros International acquired the Indian distribution rights in May 2012. However the film was not released theatrically after that, In April 2020 Vasan Bala and producer Guneet Monga took to Twitter to request Eros to release film on their streaming platform Eros Now. In December 2020, Eros Now announced a slate of 33 films to be released on their platform in 2021, including Peddlers, but the film was not released in 2021.
Deborah Young of The Hollywood Reporter wrote "Though it takes a long time coming together, the Hindi-language film does finally succeed in its action-packed last half-hour, rewarding audiences who hang on for that long." Jay Weissberg of Variety called Bala a "budding talent", he further wrote that Bala has written "compelling characters (though some take too long to reach that state), and his facility with dialogue outstrips many other indie subcontinentals."
Pietroaia, Dolj

Pietroaia este un sat în comuna Sopot din județul Dolj, Oltenia, România. Este situat pe drumul județean 606 DJ ce leagă orașul Craiova de localitatea Vânju Mare, la confluența văii Brabova cu valea Urdinița. Relieful satului este format din două văi și trei dealuri cu înălțimi cuprinse între 200 - 300 m. Satul are o populație de circa 380 locuitori a căror activitate principală este agricultura. Caracteristica principală a satului o formează numeroasele izvoare naturale (alimentate de "stratele de Candesti"}, multe din ele fiind captate sub forma cișmelelor publice. Satul Pietroaia este cunoscut prin legendara echipă de călușari care în anul 1999 a câștigat "Premiul I" la festivalul național de la Caracal.
DJ Acest articol despre o localitate din județul Dolj este deocamdată un ciot. Puteți ajuta Wikipedia prin completarea lui.