davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Benjamín Carrión

Manuel Benjamín Carrión Mora (April 20, 1897 in Loja – March 9, 1979 in Quito) was an Ecuadorian writer, diplomat and cultural promoter.
He was born into an aristocratic family in Loja. He was a lawyer by training, and occupied various positions in the public arena, including Minister of Education and legislator. He was also a diplomat in several countries of Europe and the Americas and most notably served as the ambassador to Mexico and Chile.
Carrión was also a professor at the Central University of Ecuador, and a journalist. In this later capacity he founded the newspaper El Sol with Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco. Due to his political views, he was close to the socialist and later communist realms of Ecuadorian society.
In 1934 he published what many critics consider to be his greatest work, Atahuallpa, a biography of the Spanish conquest of the Inca empire, which has been translated into English and French.
In 1944, he founded the Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana (House of Ecuadorian Culture) and became its first President. He was a tireless crusader for the House, and despite great odds, was able to inaugurate its first and main building in May 1947. The building stands now as an icon of the city of Quito. Benjamín Carrión Palace was completed in 1948.
From the beginning he emphasized the importance of the House's Museums, Library and Press. He published the influential literary magazine Letras del Ecuador under the direction of among others, his nephew Alejandro Carrión. He also published a number of key Ecuadorian authors.
The House of the Culture has, in its more than 20 years of work, supported a multitude of writers and painters both inside and outside the country. It has also allowed for Ecuadorian culture to be known in the international field. Though his legacy as a writer can be considered controversial in importance, he stands as Ecuador's foremost promoter of culture.
Angia Cement prefabricated

Ni Kampani yitwa Anjia Prefabricated Construction iri mu Rwanda, ifite umushinga wo kubaka uruganda rukora sima mu rwanda rwitwa Angia cement prefabricated, rwubatse uruganda mu cyanya cyahariwe ibintu by'inganda mu Karere ka Muhanga.
Anjia Prefabricated Construction ubundi isanzwe ifite icyicaro gikuru mu gihugu cya Etiyopiya, ariko ikaba nanone ikorera no mubindi bihugu birimo Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo, Uburundi ndetse na Tanzaniya.
Anjia Prefabricated Construction izubaka iri mu Muhanga, aho iri kubaka uruganda rwa sima ku buso bungana na hegitari 67, aho rwitezweho kuzajya rukora sima Nyarwanda, ndetse n’ibindi bikoresho byifashishwa mu bwubatsi. uru ruganda nirwuzura ruzajya rutanga umusaruro ungana na Toni 1.000.000 ku mwaka.
Uruganda Anjia Prefabricated Construction Rwanda Company Ltd

uruganda rwa sima rwitwa Anjia Prefabricated Construction Rwanda Company Ltd rwatangiye Werurwe 2023 ruherereye mu Karere ka Muhanga mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo kubufatanye na Kompanyi ya West China Cement, na West International Holding zo mu bushinwa .
uruganda rwa sima rwitwa Anjia Prefabricated Construction Rwanda Company Ltd ni uruganda ruhuriwe nu Bushinwa ku mubano n’u Rwanda, rwafunguwe kumugaragaro na Perezida wa repubulika KAgame Paul, akaba ari uruganda rugari rwa Anjia rukora sima ikomeye imbere ubwubatsi bunoze mu Rwanda no muri Afurika muri rusange.
Rwanda Peace Academy

Rwanda Peace Academy ni ishuri ryaGisirikare rigamije kugarura amahoro mu Rwanda no mu Karere
ni umushinga uterwa inkunga na Leta y'Ubuyapani hamwe na UNDP-Rwanda
Rwanda Peace Academy ni ishuri rishinzwe kugarura amahoro mu Rwanda no mu Karere k'Afurika ni umushinga
uzatanga amasomo ndetse nubushakashatsi mubibazo by' Afurika ndetse no gukemura amakimbirane
Mu bihe biri imbere, Guverinoma y'u Rwanda irateganya guhindura RPA ikagera ku rwego rw’ikigo cy’indashyikirwa mu karere
mu bijyanye no kubaka amahoro no gukemura amakimbirane
Uruganda Imana Steel Rwanda Limited

Imana Steel Rwanda Limited ni uruganda rukora ibyuma by'ubwubatsi (Mu igifaransa: Matériaux de construction). Uru ruganda ruherereye mu cyanya cy'inganda cy' akarere ka Bugesera, mu kagari ka Kagasa mu murenge wa Gashora mu intara y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda.
Gushyiraho igisubizo gihuriweho ninzego zikoresha ibyuma by'ubukungu zitanga ubuziranenge bwa serivisi ziganisha ku iterambere rirambye. Guharanira ubuyobozi mubice byose byibikorwa byacu no mu turere twose duhari.
Kugera ku mwanya w'ubuyobozi mu nganda z'ibyuma binyuze mu kuba indashyikirwa mu gutanga umusaruro uhagije kimwe n'ibyuma byiza.
Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda

Mu rwego rwo kurushaho kurinda ubutaka bwagenewe guhinga kugira ngo abaturage bazabone ibibatunga, hakozwe igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze y'ubutaka ku rwego rw’igihugu, kizafasha ko buri gice gikoreshwa ibyo cyagenewe bityo u Rwanda rukarushaho gutera imbere binyuze mumikoreshereze myiza yubutaka.
Igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka ku rwego rw’igihugu mu cyasohotse bwa mbere mu mwaka 2011 kirangira mu mwaka 2020 ariko cyarimo ibyuho nk’uko byatangajwe n’Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo Gishinzwe Imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda, Mukamana Espérance.Yagize ati “Mu cyari gisanzwe hari harimo ibyuho. Ntabwo cyari gihujwe na gahunda na politiki by’igihugu nk’icyerekezo cya 2050, NST1 na gahunda nshya z’imijyi n’ibindi.Mbere habagaho ibishushanyo mbonera by’imijyi gusa ariko ubu ntibizongera ahubwo ni akarere kose. Bizatuma nibimara gukorwa, ubutaka bwose bw’igihugu buzajya bukoreshwa bikurikije icyo bwagenewe. Kizafasha mu kurinda ubutaka bwagenewe ubuhinzi kugira ngo buzatunge abaturage nk’uko yakomeje abivuga.Iteka rya Perezida rishyiraho igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize by’ubutaka ku rwego rw’igihugu ryasohotse ku wa 20 Gicurasi mu mwaka 2022. Biteganyijwe ko kizashyirwa mu bikorwa mu myaka 30 kuko ari kimwe mu bizagenderwaho mu cyerekezo 2050.
Ubuso bw’u Rwanda bungana na kilometero kare 26.338 harimo n’igice cy’amazi. Kubera ko abaturage bari kwiyongera cyane kandi u Rwanda rwarihaye intego ko mu mwaka 2050, ruzaba ruri mu bihugu byateye imbere, hifujwe ko abazatura mu mijyi baziyongera bakagera kuri 70% abasigaye (30%) bakaba ari bo batura mu byaro.Ubuhinzi buzaba bugenewe 47% by’ubuso bw’u Rwanda. Mu mwaka 2050, ubutaka buhingwa ntibugomba kuba buri munsi ya kilometero kare 12.433. Bivuze ko igihugu cyaba cyihagije ku biribwa umusaruro niwikuba inshuro 15 ugereranyije n’uko wari uhagaze mu mwaka 2019.Iki gishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize by’ubutaka ku rwego rw’Igihugu cyatangiye gukorwa mu Ukuboza mu mwaka 2018 kirangira muri Kamena mu mwaka 2020.Gishobora kuvugururwa cyose nyuma y’imyaka icumi uhereye ku munsi gishyiriweho cyangwa ikindi gihe cyose bibaye ngombwa.Ivugururwa rishobora kandi gukorwa rireba urwego rumwe, igihe bibaye ngombwa, bitabangamiye iterambere ry’izindi nzego.
Uwineza Beline

Uwineza Beline ni umugore w'umunyarwandakazi, akaba ari rwiyemezamirimo, aho ubu ari visi perezida wa komisiyo ya PAC, mu inteko inshinga amategeko, umutwe w'abadepite mu Rwanda.Uwineza yakoze imirimo itandukanye nkaho yari ALAC Regional Coordinator ndetse nanone akaba yari N&W provinces at Transparency International .
Honorable Uwineza Beline mu kiganiro kubaza bitera kumenya insaganyamatsiko yagiraga iti "Kwimika ihame ry'uburinganire hakumirwa amakimbirane yo mu muryango" yaravuze ati " Burya Umugore ashobora kuba umutware w'urugo kuko hari aho abagore bigejeje ubu" aho akomeza abasobanurira uburinganire n'ubwuzuzanye mu Rwanda.
Honorable Uwineza Beline yitabiriye inama mu mwaka 2021 yari igamije kuganira ku mwaka Ibiri (2) umunjyi wa Kigali wari umaze mu nzubacyuhokandi yanitabiriye inama yari yahuje ihuriro FFRP aho bari kwiga ku kibazo cyigira giti "FFRP isanga ubufatanye bw'inzego ari bwo bwarandura igwingira mu bana" Aho Honorable Uwineza Beline yagarutse kuri zimwe mu nzitizi zitiza umurindi icyo kibazo aho yagize ati " Ihuriro FFRP ku gusesengura iyubahirizwa ry'iri hame ry'uburinganire birimo kutagabana imirimo y'abagize umuryango hagati y'ababyeyi bombi bigaragara cyane nko mu cyaro, aho umugore agira imvune z'imirimo iyo mu rugo cyane cyane kwita ku bana bikamubera inzitizi zituma adashobora kwita ku bindi bikorwa byo kwita ku muryango we, byongeye kandi nk'uko byagaragaye mu bushakashatsi imiryango yo mu cyaro n'imiryango ibayeho mu bukene bukabije niyo ikibonekamo ikibazo cy'igwingira ry'abana ku gipimo kiri hejuru".
Uwineza Beline yakoze imirimo ndetse n'akazi gatandukanye harimo :
Ibishanga by’i Kigali bigiye gukorerwamo ubukerarugendo n’ubushakashatsi

Leta y’u Rwanda ivuga ko Banki y’Isi hamwe na bimwe mu bigega mpuzamahanga byayihaye inguzanyo n’inkunga byo gutunganya ibishanga by’i Kigali ndetse no gukomeza kuvugurura imijyi itandatu yunganira uyu murwa mukuru.
Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo (MININFRA) ivuga ko Banki y’Isi hamwe n’Ikigega cy’Isi gitera inkunga ibidukikije(GEF), ndetse n’icyitwa Nordic Development Fund(NDF), byatanze igishoro cy’amadolari ya Amerika miliyoni 170 (ahwanye n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyari 170).
MININFRA ivuga ko hazavamo amadolari ya Amerika miliyoni 50 (ni hafi miliyari 50 y’amanyarwanda) yagenewe kubaka ibikorwa remezo no gutera ibimera bibungabunga ibishanga by’i Kigali, ariko bigamije gushimisha abantu mu bijyanye n’ubukerarugendo hamwe n’ubushakashatsi.
Inkunga yatanzwe na Banki y’Isi kugira ngo ivugurure Kigali n’imijyi itandatu iwunganira, ni icyiciro cya kabiri cy’umushinga wiswe ‘Rwanda Urban Development(RUDP)’ uzamara imyaka itanu kuva muri 2021-2025.
Icyiciro cya mbere cya RUDP, Banki y’Isi yari yagihaye amadolari ya Amerika agera kuri miliyoni 100, aho kuva muri 2016 kugera muri 2021 Kigali yubatswemo imihanda yo mu makaritiye ireshya na kilomero 54.
Gutunganya Ibishanga by’Umujyi wa Kigali

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga urengera ibidukikije, ARCOS, bwerekanye ko ubudahangarwa bw’ibishanga cyane cyane ibyo muri Kigali bwangiritse ku gipimo cya 65%.
Igishushanyombonera cy’imitunganyirize y’ibi bishanga kigaragaza ko Umujyi wa Kigali ufite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 15.76 (20%) bugizwe n’ibishanga hamwe n’imibande.Ibishanga byo hepfo y’i Gikondo nka Rwandex na Rwampara kugera Nyabugogo, ndetse na Gacuriro, Mulindi na Masaka, bigomba gutunganywa mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu guhereye muri Nyakanga mu mwaka 2021.Ibishanga byitaweho cyane ku ikubitiro ni icya Rwandex, Rwampara, icya Masaka, mubindi bikorwa bizahakorerwa birenze kuhatera ibiti ni uko hazashyiirwa ibiyaga, hazashyirwa serivisi zifasha abantu gukora siporo, abakoze ubukwe baze kuhifotoreza. Hazaterwa indabo hazanwe ibinyabuzima birimo inyoni zari zaracitse i Kigali, ibinyugugu,…mbese nk’uko ubibona uko Nyandungu yakozwe.Byari biteganyijwe ko amafaranga azajya aboneka ibishanga nk’icya UTEXRWA na Nyabugogo na byo bizatunganywa, ariko icy’ingenzi ari ukubanza gukuramo ibikorwa byose birimo, kugira ngo ibyo bishanga bibashe kwakira no kubika amazi yose ava muri Kigali.Inkunga yatanzwe na Banki y’Isi kugira ngo ivugurure Kigali n’imijyi itandatu iwunganira, yaje ari icyiciro cya kabiri cy’umushinga wiswe ‘Rwanda Urban Development (RUDP)’ uzamara imyaka itanu kuva mu mwaka 2021 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2025.
MININFRA mu mwaka wa 2021 Kamena, yatangaje ko Banki y’Isi n’Ikigega cy’Isi gitera inkunga ibidukikije (GEF), ndetse n’ikigega cyitwa Nordic Development Fund (NDF), byatanze inguzanyo y’Amadolari ya Amerika ya miliyoni 170 (ahwanye n’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyari 170).Muri ayo mafaranga hakaba haragombaga kuvamo amadolari ya Amerika miliyoni 50 (ni miliyari 50 z’Amanyarwanda) yagenewe kubaka ibikorwaremezo, gutera ibimera bibungabunga ibishanga by’i Kigali no kuzanamo ibisimba bimwe byahacitse kugeza ubu bikiboneka muri Pariki ya Nyungwe.Uyu mushinga watangiraga mu mwaka wa 2021 muri Nyakanga, MININFRA yavugaga ko miliyoni zigera ku 120 z’Amadolari ya Amerika yasigaye nyuma yo gukuramo 50 yo gutunganya ibishanga by’i Kigali, azakoreshwa mu guteza imbere imijyi ya Huye, Muhanga, Rusizi, Rubavu, Nyagatare na Musanze.Icyiciro cya mbere cya RUDP, Banki y’Isi yari yagihaye amadolari ya Amerika agera kuri miliyoni 100, aho kuva mu mwaka wa 2016 kugera mu mwaka wa 2021 Kigali yubatswemo imihanda yo mu makaritiye ireshya na kilomero 54.
Umujyi wa Kigali mu kubungabunga Ibishanga

Kigali niwo Murwa mukuru w'Urwanda ukaba numwe Mumujyi uza muyambere icyeye Muri Africa.
Murwego rwogukomeza kubungabunga ubwo bwiza bwumujyi Kigali city yafashe iyambere mugutunga ibishanga ibihindura ahantu nyabura habereyi ijisho Kuri ba mucyera rugendo.
Umujyi wa Kigali Nyuma yo gutunganya ibishanga cya Nyandundu.
Umujyi wiyemeje gukomeza kubungabunga ibishanga uhagira ahantu nyaburanga hafasha abatuye nabagenda Muri Kigali kubona ubwiza bwu Mujyi wa Kigali hatunganywa ibindi bishanga bitanu bitandukanye Harimo: igishanga cya Gikondo ahahoze inganda,icya Nyabugogo,icya Rugenge ahazwi nko murwintare na kiyumba hamwe nicya UTEXIRWA.[1]
Mu Nama 14 y'ihuriro mpuzamahanga rugamije kubungabunga ibishanga (Ramsar convention on Wetlands) yabereye I Genève mu Busuwisi Yashyize Umujyi wa Kigali mu Mujyi 25 Kubera ingamba wafashe mukubungabunga ibishanga kubwinyungu zabaturage.
Muri iryohuriro Umujyi wa Kigali ninaho waherewe igihembo cyizwi nka("Wetland City Accreditation").[2]
https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/umujyi-wa-kigali-washyizwe-mu-ya-mbere-ibungabunga-ibishanga-ku-isi
https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu-nyaburanga/article/umujyi-wa-kigali-ugiye-gushaka-abazatunganya-ibindi-bishanga-mu-isura-ya
https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Ibindi-bishanga-5-byo-mu-Mujyi-wa-Kigali-bigiye-gutunganywa
https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/umujyi-wa-kigali-wahaye-igihe-ntarengwa-abatarakura-ibikorwa-byabo-mu-bishanga
Crystal Ventures

Crystal Ventures Limited (CVL), commonly referred to as Crystal Ventures, is a private holding company owned by the Rwandan presidential party, Rwandese Patriotic Front. It was founded in 1995 after the genocoide and renamed in 2009. It is headquartered in Kigali, Rwanda and invests engineering, fast moving consumable goods, construction and construction materials, and security services. As of 2017 it was the second largest employer in the Rwanda behind the state, with an estimated capital of $ 500 million.
Crystal Ventures was formed as Tri-Star Investments in 1995, after the Rwandan genocide, taking advantage of a "virgin environment" in the words of the firm. It was renamed in 2009 into Crystal Ventures.
As of 2025, it is a private holding company for the following companies:
In the DRC, however mining projects were abandoned after relations between Paul Kagame and Felix Tshisekedi broke down. As of 2025 Macefield Ventures Congo Holding is not listed on the CVL website, even though it has links to TotalEnergies natural gas project on the Afungi Peninsula and signed an agreement with the ROC to purchase 12,000 hectares of land from the ROC.
Critics in 2023 maintained that, as the second largest employer in the Rwanda behind the state, with an estimated capital of $ 500 million, the company was able to stifle competition and prevent the private sector from experiencing a boom. The World Bank criticised CVLs quasi-monopoly on certain sectors.
Arte TV described CVL ´s investing abroad in a 2024 documentary as military diplomacy.
Crystal Ventures, has been described as an "investment fund and financial arm of the Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF), with Paul Kagame as the de facto boss". As of 2023 its functioning was still described as secretive. While in 2025, the company´s website declared a team of 13 officers and directors respectively, 4 of them women, it did not offer any annual reports, employment or financial figures. The table below illustrates the members wih Jean-Claude Karayenzi as the "executive chairman" and Jack N. Kayonga as the "group chief executive officer."
Crystal Ventures maintains its headquarters at Grand Pension Plaza, on the 14th Floor, at 2 KN 3 Avenue, in Kigali, Rwanda's capital and largest city. The geographical coordinates of the company's headquarters are:01°56'47.2"S, 30°03'37.4"E (Latitude:-1.946444; Longitude:30.060389).
1°56′47.2″S 30°3′37.4″E﻿ / ﻿1.946444°S 30.060389°E﻿ / -1.946444; 30.060389
John Rwangombwa

John Rwangombwa is a Rwandan accountant, politician and banker. He is the governor of the National Bank of Rwanda, the central bank and national banking regulator. He was appointed to that position on 25 February 2013.
Rangombwa studied at Makerere University, in Kampala, Uganda, graduating with a Bachelor of Commerce, majoring in accounting. He also holds a Master of Business Administration, specializing in accounting, from the Maastricht School of Management in the Netherlands.
Rangombwa started at Rwanda Revenue Authority where he ascended to the rank of Deputy Commissioner of Customs for Operations, serving in that capacity from June 1998 until February 2002. He joined the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning in 2002 as the Director of the National Treasury Department. In 2005, he served as the first Accountant General in the ministry. Later that year, he was appointed Permanent Secretary and Secretary to the Treasury. In 2009 he became the Minister of Finance and Economic Planning.
On 25 February 2013, Rangombwa was appointed as Governor of the National Bank of Rwanda, the country's central bank. In this capacity, he oversees the modernization of the bank's monetary policy framework, by targeting inflation and abandoning the targeting of monetary aggregate, in anticipation of the creation of the East African Currency Union. In 2019, Rwanda's cabinet approved an extension of six years to Rwangombwa's term of as governor.
Auddy Kelly

Munyangango Audace, born 9 April professionally known as Auddy Kelly, is a Rwandan singer, songwriter and entrepreneur.
Auddy was born in Rwanda as the second child out of three. He started singing at a young age starting with the Azaph Music International, a choir group at Zion Temple.
He formed a group of singers which were called Anointed 6 and afterwards, started a solo carrier.
In 2014, Kelly had his Bachelor's degree from the University of Rwanda. In 2018, He proceeded to Mount Kenya University where he bagged his Master's degree in financial management.
Kelly started his career as a singer in 2012. In 2016, He won the Best Afro fusion artist Award and Best Fashion Artist. He was reportedly the first person to organize Karaoke Talent search, which aimed at helping and supporting singers deemed talented through Karaoke. According to KT Press, he also modernized Amasunzu to reality.
He also released album featured Jody Phibi. Studio albums
솟대

솟대는 민속신앙에서 새해의 풍년을 기원하며 세우거나 마을 입구에 마을의 수호신의 상징으로 세운 긴 나무 장대이다. 삼한 시대의 소도에서 유래한 것으로 보인다. 주로 긴 장대 끝에 나무로 만든 새 조각이 있는 모습이다. 지방에 따라 ‘소줏대’, ‘솔대’, ‘별신대’ 등으로 불리며, ‘진또베기’는 강원도 지방에서 솟대를 일컫는 방언이다.
솟대는 농촌에서 섣달 무렵에 새해에 농사가 풍년이 되길 바라는 의미로 볍씨을 넣은 주머니를 장대에 묶어 세웠다. 이것을 넓은 마을 한복판이나 집 마당 등에 세우고 정월 대보름 때 마을 사람들이 풍물놀이를 벌인다. 또한 마을의 입구에 마을의 수호신 역할이나 마을의 경계를 나타내는 의미로 세웠는데, 장승과 함께 세우는 경우도 많다. 그 밖에도 과거 급제를 축하하기 위해서 마을 입구에 꼭대기에 푸른 색 용을 붙인 주홍색 장대를 세우기도 했다.
솟대의 끝에는 오리나 기러기 등이 올려지는데, 옛날 솟대의 새들은 천상계의 신들과 마을의 주민을 연결해주는 일종의 전령조였다는 설이 있다. 아시아의 북방민족들은 기러기, 오리, 백조 등 물새들이 가을에 남쪽으로 떠났다가 봄에 다시 돌아오는 것을 매우 신성시한다. 시베리아의 오브강 동쪽에 네넷족은 기러기가 남쪽에서 돌아오는 날을 새해의 시작으로 여긴다. 이들은 기러기가 가을에 은하수를 따라 천상계로 날아갔다가 봄에 지상으로 돌아온다고 생각한다. 서시베리아의 카잔 타타르족도 봄에 남쪽에서 돌아오는 기러기떼를 하늘의 축복으로 생각한다. 또한 시베리아의 퉁구스족은 부족 내에 새로운 샤만이 출현하면 선대의 죽은 샤만의 혼령인 아비새가 돌아온다고 여긴다. 즉, 솟대위의 새는 삶과 죽음의 경계를 넘나드는 것을 의미한다.
솟대에 오리나 기러기를 얹는 풍습은 전형적인 북방계 풍습으로 셀쿠프족, 돌간족, 야쿠트족, 에벵크족, 나나이족, 오로치족 등이 가지고 있다. 돌간족은 하늘을 향해 세워진 나무 위에 9층 하늘을 뜻하는 나무로 만든 아홉 마리의 기러기나 오리를 올려놓는데, 이 새들은 샤만이 천상계로 영적인 여행을 떠날 때 그를 인도한다고 믿는다.
베들레헴

베들레헴(히브리어: בית לחם 베틀레헴, 아랍어: بيت لحم 베틀라흠)은 요르단강 서안 지구에 있는 예루살렘에서 약 10여 킬로미터 떨어져 있는 작은 도시로서 팔레스타인 베들레헴주의 주도이기도 하다. 베들레헴이라는 이름은 집을 의미하는 ‘Beth’ 혹은 ‘Beit’와 고기, 빵을 의미하는 ‘Lehem’이 합쳐진 말로서, 그대로 풀이하면 “빵집”이 된다.
베들레헴은 해발 777미터의 산지에 위치해 있으며 인근의 같은 접두어를 가진 작은 마을 베이트 잘라, 베이트 사훌 등과 접해 있다. 베들레헴은 기독교에서 예수가 태어난 마을로 알려져 있다. 하지만 사람들이 예수를 나사렛 사람이라고 부르고, 심지어는 나자렛에서 무슨 신통한 것이 나올 수 있겠느냐고 말했다는 요한 복음서의 언급에 근거, 예수가 나자렛에서 태어났다고 보는 해석도 있다.
고대 메소포타미아 지방과 이집트를 잇는 중간지역으로 예루살렘 남쪽 7km에 위치한다. AD330년 콘스탄틴황제에 의해 세워진 후 십자군 시대를 거쳐 현재까지 이르는 역사를 한눈에 볼 수 있는 곳이다. 예수 탄생장소로 워낙 유명하기 때문에 연중 수많은 순례객이 찾는다. 또한 이곳에는 야곱의 아내 라헬의 무덤이 있어 아이가 없는 유대교 여자들이 자주 찾아간다. 베들레헴 교회에서는 옛 모습이 그대로 남아있는 양치기의 들(Shepherds’ Field)을 볼 수도 있다.
구약성서에서는 베들레헴을 다윗의 고향이며, 판관기(판관기 17장, 19장), 역대기상(11:1-19)에도 베들레헴이 지명으로 언급되어 있다. 신약성서에도 기독교의 중심인물인 예수가 태어났다
1948년 제1차 중동 전쟁의 결과 요르단이 점령하였으나, 1967년에 6일 전쟁의 결과 이스라엘이 점령하였다. 오슬로 평화 협정에 따라 1995년 이스라엘은 팔레스타인 자치정부에 도시의 통치권을 넘겨주고, 그 해 12월 21일 군대를 철수하였다. 제2차 인티파다기간 중인 2000년~2005년 사이, 베들레헴의 인프라와 관광산업은 파괴되었다. 현재의 베들레헴은 요르단강 서안 지구(西岸地區)에 위치하는 도시로, 인구는 2만 5천명 가량이다.
무슬림이 인구의 다수를 차지하지만, 팔레스타인 기독교도(주로 동방정교도이거나 가톨릭)들의 중요한 근거지이기도 하다. 1947년에는 기독교도가 베들레헴 인구의 85%였으나, 1998년에는 40%로 감소하였다.
시의 규칙에 따라서, 베들레헴 시장과 부시장은 기독교 신자여야 한다. 또한 만약 시장이 가톨릭 교도라면 부시장은 동방정교도여야 하며, 그 반대의 경우에는 부시장은 가톨릭이어야 한다. 2012년 10월 선거에서 승리한 파타당원 베라 바분(Vera Baboun)은 가톨릭교도로서, 베들레헴 최초의 여시장이다.
National Folk Museum of Korea

National Folk Museum of Korea (Korean: 국립민속박물관) is a national museum located on the grounds of Gyeongbokgung in Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It uses replicas of historical objects to illustrate the history of traditional life of the Korean people.
The museum's predecessor, the Chōsen Folk Art Museum, was founded in 1924, during Japan's occupation of Korea. The three founders were the Asakawa brothers and Yanagi Sōetsu.
The second museum carrying this name established on 8 November 1945 by the U.S. Government and opened on 25 April 1946 at the City Administration Memorial Hall. When the museum was merged with the National Museum of Korea, its collection of 4,555 artifacts was moved to the latter's Namsan site. In 1975, when the National Museum moved onto the grounds of Gyeongbokgung, it moved along with it into the Modern Art Museum Building. In 1993 it opened in its present site, which was the former site of the National Museum of Korea. The building's design is based on various historical buildings around South Korea.
The museum has over 98,000 artifacts and three main exhibition halls: "History of Korean People" features materials of everyday life in Korea from prehistoric times to the end of the Joseon period in 1910; "Korean Way of Life", which illustrates Korean villagers in ancient times; and "Life Cycle of the Koreans", which depicts the deep roots of Confucianism in Korean culture and how this ideology gave rise to most of the culture's customs.
The museum also features open-air exhibits, such as replicas of spirit posts where villagers used to pray, stone piles for worship, grinding mills, rice storage shelters and pits for kimchi pots.
In March 2021, the National Folk Museum reopened an exhibition showcasing 20th century items from both the Joseon era as well as items from modern and contemporary Korea. The items are on display in Permanent Exhibition Hall 2, which reopened March 20, 2021, after undergoing renovation.
The hours of operation are from 09:00 to 18:00, March to October, and 09:00 to 17:00, November to February. Also, it offer extended evening hours from 09:00 to 20:00 on Saturdays between March and October, with no extended hours from November to February. Additionally, every last Wednesday of the month is Culture Day.
Gamcheon Culture Village

Gamcheon Culture Village (Korean: 감천문화마을) is a town within Gamcheon-dong, Saha District, Busan, South Korea. The area is known for its layered streets, twisted labyrinth-like alleys, and brightly painted houses, which have been restored and enhanced in recent years to attract tourism. Built on a steep mountain-side slope, the village has been nicknamed "Korea's Santorini" and the "Machu Picchu of Busan".
Gamcheon Village was built during the 1920s and 1930s when the Busan city administration decided to relocate the working-class population into an area secluded from the port, yet close enough to provide labor. In the midst of a post-war recovery in 1955, around 800 families moved to the village, contributing to the growth of an ascetic religious community known as Taegeukdo, a branch of Jeungsanism. A long-time resident noted the village's development throughout the decades: "Gamcheon was only one district in 1950, now it’s nine. In the ’70s there were only houses made of wood. In the late ’80s and early ’90s, families started to get bigger so they built two-level houses." Nonetheless, the village faced persisting poverty and poor living conditions.
In 2009, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism carried out a public art-themed renovation effort to convert the village to a cultural hub. It called for art students, professional artists, and residents to maintain, repair, and "decorate" the village with art. The renovation efforts reached their peak with the success of the "Empty House Residency Preservation Project." With improvements to infrastructure, fresh paint, and other home improvements, the establishment of spaces for retail and museums, and the addition of several dozens of art installations, the village has been reborn as Busan's most colorful and artistic spot. Some examples of the colorful art installations include bird sculptures, Murakami-like playful installations, scenes from the Little Prince, and painted schools of fish that guide bearings through the alleyways.
The village has turned into one of the most featured tourist attractions in Busan. Since the public art renovation project in 2009, tourism in Gamcheon has increased considerably—the village saw approximately 1.4 million visitors in 2015. Village residents have met this influx of traffic with mixed attitudes. While some residents have participated in the renovation and tourism efforts, others have opted to move away despite difficulties with selling their homes. It is estimated that 300 local houses were empty as of 2015. Part of the development efforts in the Village include converting these abandoned houses into art galleries, museums, and shops.
Surau Inyiak Djambek

Surau Iyiak Djambek adolah salah satu surau tuo nan ado di Sumatera Barat, labiah tapeknyo talatak di Pasa Bawah Bukittinggi. Surau iko dibuek diateh tanah waqaf Suku Pisang. Awalnyo, surau iko hanyo dibuek jo bambu sabagai tonggaknyo salueh 3,5 kali 3,5 meter. Namun, ditahun 1918 surau iko dibuek baru nan labiah gadang agar labiah banyak urang nan bisa bakumpul didalamnyo.
Ciri khas surau iko adolah bantuaknyo yang indak seperti kebanyakan surau atau musajik. Dulunyo, hal iko bertujuan agar urang non muslim indak sagan untuk ikuik masuak kadalam surau saat ado kegiatan, hal iko sabagai salah satu bantuak ajakan aluih agar urang non muslim tartarik masuak Islam. Dek sabab sado urang buliah masuak ka dalam surau, disiko salain sebagai tampek baribadah shalat barjama'ah jugo sabagai tampek untuak malakuan kegiatan-kegiatan balajar agamo, dzikir jo aqidah tauhid. Sistem pembelajarannyo pun maju dan sederhana sahinggo para jama'ah maraso dapek ilmu nan bisa di baok pulang ka rumah.
Marosok

Marosok (dalam bahaso Indonesia iolah meraba) iyolah suatu aktivitas jua bali antaro panjua jo pambali manggunoan bahaso isyaraik. Tanpa mangecek, kaduo balah pihak cukuik basalaman dan mamainan tiok-tiok jari tangan untuak batransaksi. Panjua dan pambali akan saliang bajabaik tangan layaknyo basalaman sambia mamainan jari-jari tangan jo manggunoan bahaso isyaraik dari nilai-nilai angko rupiah nan alah disatujui basamo. Saat transaksi balangsuang, biasonyo tangannyo batutuikan jo kain saruang atau kadang handuak, topi, dan lain-lainnyo. Hal iko batujuan supayo urang lain indak mancaliak proses jua bali tasabuik. Tradisi marosok dapek dijumpoi di Pasa Taranak Batusangkar, Kabupaten Tanah Datar, Sumatera Barat. Di pasa iko, kagiatan marosok dapek dijumpoi pado hari Salasa sajo.
Tradisi marosok iko dimulai katiko surang pambali alah mamiliah taranak nan disukoi. Lalu inyo akan maago harago jawi atau kabau jo panjuanyo. Dalam marosok, tiok-tiok jari malambangan angko puluahan, ratusan, ribuan, bahkan jutaan rupiah. Contohnyo, padagang nio manjua taranaknyo saharago Rp6.400.000, mangko inyo mamacik jari talunjuak pambali nan malambangan angko Rp10.000.000 dikurangan Rp4.000.000. Adopun untuak manunjuakan Rp 400.000, ampek jari nan digoyangan tadi diganggam baliak jo dihantakan. Kok alah disapakati, transaksi barakhia jo harago Rp6.400.000.
Para padagang marosok supayo harago ternak nan dibalinya indak diketahui dek banyak urang. Transaksi baduoan mode itu memang acok dilakukan di satiok pasa taranak, tantu sajo jo caro nan alah disepakati masyarakaik masiang-masiang daerah.
Indak ado nan mangatahui sacaro pasti, bilo marosok iko dimulai. Sajumlah padagang taranak hanyo mangakui, tradisi iko alah dimulai sajak zaman rajo-rajo di Minangkabau dan ditarimo sacaro turun-tamurun.
Dalam hal mangurangi jo manambah harago dalam maago dilakukan jo caro manakan jari atau mamutas talapak tangan. Kalau jari nan dipacik ditakan ka ateh aratinyo mintak panambahan harago dan kalau ditakan ka bawah aratinyo mintak pangurangan harago. Barapo pamintaan panambahan jo pangurangan harago ko diwujuikan jo caro mamacik jari-jari tatantu sasuai jo nan diinginkan, misakan pambali nio mintak pangurangan harago kapado panjua sabanyak Rp. 250.000,- (duo ratuih limo puluah ribu rupiah), pambali mamacik ampu jari tangan panjua jo manakannyo ka bawah. Baitu juo sabaliaknyo kok mintak panambahan ampu jari ditakan ka ateh.
Museum Zoologi

Museum Zoologi Sumatera Barat batampek di Taman Marga Satwa dan Budaya Kinantan, jalan Cindua Mato No. 1, Kelurahan Benteng Pasar Atas, kota Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat.Museum iko ditagakan samo jo Museum Zoologi Bogor, iyolah taun 1894.Namun,dibangun Oleh pamarentah Bukittinggi pado taun 2010. Taman iko dibangun pado th 1900 dek Contreleur Strom Van Govent. Pado taun 1929 dijadian kebun binatang dek Dr. J. Hock dan sampai kini masih tatok bafungsi sabagai Kebun Binatang Bukittinggi, tertua di Indonesia. Tujuan didirakannyo museum ko hampia samo jo museum zoologi Bogor iyolah untuak mangumpuan dan mancaliakan koleksi binatang-binatang nan alah diawetkan.Di taman zoologi bukittinggi tadapek museum kabudayaan nan babantuak sarupo rumah adaik Minangkabau nan dibangun taun 1935,tampek di tangah taman zoologi. Koleksi di dalam museum dapek disabuik lengkap,mulai dari gajah,harimau dahan,buayo muaro,tapir,ruso,kijang,beruang madu,kancil,zebra dan aneka buruang (merak,enggang,kakaktua,pelikan dan buruang hantu). Di museum ko tadapek labiah dari 2000 jenis hewan nan lah diawetkan dan adopulo koleksi benda-benda basejarah lainnyo. Museum zoologi ko merpuakan pilihan nan rancak untuak bawisata sambia baraja,karano disampiang dapek mancaliak binatang-binatang,bisa pulo manambah wawasan.Museum zoologi mampunyoi daya tarik surang bagi pangunjuang nan manikmati liburan sambia baraja
Koto Binjai

Binjai (Melayu Jawi:بنجاي) adolah salah satu kota (dahulu daerah tingkat dua bastatus kotamadya) dalam wilayah Provinsi Sumatra Utara, Indonesia. Binjai talatak 22 km di sabalah barat ibu kota Provinsi Sumatra Utara, Medan. Sabalum bastatus kotamadya, Binjai adolah ibu kota Kabupaten Langkat nan kudian dipindahan ka Stabat. Binjai babateh langsuang jo Kabupaten Langkat di sabalah barat jo utara sarato Kabupaten Deli Serdang di sabelah timur jo selatan.
Binjai marupoan salah satu daerah dalam proyek pambangunan Mebidang yang meliputi kawasan Medan, Binjai dan Deli Serdang. Kini ko, Binjai jo Medan dihubungan dek jalan raya Lintas Sumatra nan manghubuangan antaro Medan jo Banda Aceh. Dek karano itu, Binjai talatak di daerah strategis pintu gerbang Kota Medan ditinjau dari Provinsi Aceh.
Pado maso kolonial Balando, Binjai marupoan tampek kadudukan residen Kabupaten Langkat nan masih berstatus keresidenan jo kesultanan dengan residennyo wakatu itu adolah Morry Agesten.
Latak geografis Binjai yakni 03°03'40" - 03°40'02" LU jo 98°27'03" - 98°39'32" BT. Katinggian rato-rato adolah 28 meter di ateh parmukaan lauik. Sabananyo, Binjai hanyo bajarak 8 km dari Medan kok dihituang dari parbatasan di antaro kaduo wilayah nan dipisahan dek Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Jalan Rayo Medan Binjai nan panjangnyo 22 km, 9 km patamo barado di dalam wilayah Kota Medan, km 10 sampai km 17 barado dalam wilayah Kabupaten Deli Serdang, dan mulai km 17 barado dalam wilayah Kota Binjai.
Ado duo sungai nan mambalah Kota Binjai yaitu Sungai Bingai jo Mencirim nan manyuplai kabutuhan sumber aia barasiah bagi PDAM Tirta Sari Binjai untuak kudian disaluran mamanuhi kabutuhan panduduak kota. Namun, di pinggiran kota, masih banyak panduduak nan manggantuangkan kabutuahan aia mereka kapado aia sumua nan memang masih layak dikonsumsi.
Barikuik iko adolah komposisi anggota DPRD Kota Binjai dalam duo pariode tarakhia.
Kota Binjai tabagi ateh 5 kecamatan nan kudian dibagi lai manjadi 37 kelurahan jo desa. Dulunyo, Binjai hanyolah sabuah kacamatan di dalam lingkup Kabupaten Langkat. Limo kecamatan tersebut masing-masing adalah:
Pusat perbelanjaan tradisional di Binjai malayani panjual jo pambeli dari Binjai jo Kabupaten Langkat. Pasar tradisional misalnyo:
Selain itu, ado juo pusat perbelanjaan modern takah:
Kota Serang

Kota Serang adolah ibukota Provinsi Banten. Kota ko talatak di bagian utara Provinsi Banten, jo bateh wilayahnyo bakuliliang dek Kabupaten Serang di sabalah barat, selatan, jo timuanyo, sarato Lauik Jawa di sabalah utaranyo. Manuruik pakiroan rasmi taakia, panduduak kota ko mancapai 666.600 jiwa (2017), nan mambueknyo jadi kota katigo tapadek di Banten.
Daulu Kota Serang marupoan bagian dari wilayah Kabupaten Serang, namun pado tanggal 2 Nopember 2007 ditatapkan sabagai kota otonom, jo ibukota dari Provinsi Banten.
Kota Serang adolah daerah otonom asia pamekaran dari Kabupaten Serang. Rancano pambantuakan Kota Serang bamulo sajak dikaluaannyo Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2000 Tentang Pembentukan Provinsi Banten, nan manatokan Serang sabagai ibu kota bagi provinsi nan baru dibantuak itu. Salanjuiknyo, kota iko rasmi tagak malalui Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2007 tentang Pembentukan Kota Serang di Provinsi Banten, nan disahkan pado tangga 10 Agustus 2007.
Menteri Dalam Negeri Mardiyanto malakuan palantikan pajabaik samintaro wali kota Serang, Asmudji H.W., di gaduang Departemen Dalam Negeri di Jakarta pado tangga 2 Nopember 2007. Sudah itu, pambantuakan Struktur Organisasi Tata Kerja (STOK) Kota Serang tajadi malalui SK Mendagri Nomor 060/2840/SJ tangga 22 Nopember 2007, nan maliputi pambantuakan 19 Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD) sarato para pajabaiknyo bagai dari eselon II inggo eselon III.
Mayoritas panduduak Serang jo Provinsi Banten mamaluak agamo Islam, walaupun tadapek juo pamaluak agamo-agamo lain.
Balain jo mayoritas panduduak di Provinsi Banten nan babahaso Sunda, panduduak satampek di Serang babicaro dialek bahaso Jawa Serang, nan ampia samo jo dialek Jawa Cirebon. Iko karano banyak pasukan Jawa nan datang pado taun 1527 untuak managakan Kasultanan Banten, nan katurunannyo tatap marupoan sabagian gadang panduduak kota kini ko.
Barikuik daftar wali kota Serang:
Sacaro administratif, Kota Serang tabagi ateh 6 kecamatan, sabagai barikuik:
Tigo Nagari, Pasaman

Tigo Nagari adolah sabuah kecamatan nan ado di kabupaten Pasaman, provinsi Sumatera Barat, Indonesia.
Kecamatan Tigo Nagari tabagi ateh 3 nagari dan 13 jorong.
Di kecamatan Tigo Nagari tadapek juo 2 pasa, iyolah Pasa Ladang Panjang nan talatak di Nagari Ladang Panjang jo Pasar Malam nan talatak di Nagari Malampah.
Jambatan Beatrix

Jambatan Beatrix adolah sabuah jambatan di Provinsi Jambi nan panuah jo carito tantang masuaknyo panjajahan Balando ka Kabupaten Sarolangun. Jambatan Beatrix dibangun pado taun 1937 dan diresmikan pado taun 1939. Sejarah pambangunan jambatan ko indak bisa dipisahkan dari karajo paksa nan dilakukan dek ribuan masyarakaik Indonesia.
Awal pambangunan Jambatan Beatrix didasarkan pado karamnyo kapa Hekwieler Ophelia. Ophelia adolah kapa baroda lambung nan dirancang khusus untuak transportasi aia dangkal. Dimano tujuan kapa tu adolah untuak managiah pajak jo menghasilkan dari masyarakat Sarolangun. Kutiko Balando manjajah di bawah pamarintahan Ratu Wilhelmina Helena Pauline, markas mareka talatak dakek sungai Batang Tembesi nan kini alah manjadi tampek tingga rasmi bupati Sarolangun. Karano kapa Ophelia karam jo marabuik nyawo pajabat-pajabat tinggi Balando, pado taun 1937, pamarintah Balando mambangun jambatan sabagai sarana transportasi padagangan. Buruah dibaok masuak dari Jawa. Jadi tajadilah karajo paksa. Sahinggo banyak urang nan mati, dek panek atau dianiaya dek tantara Balando.
Pado taun 1938, jambatan ko sacaro rasmi dinamoi Beatrix karano pado taun 1938, lahia Putri Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard. Namo Beatrix diagiah dek panguaso kolonial Balando sabagai hadiah untuak kalahiran cucu padusi Ratu Wilhelmina nan sadang bakuaso di Balando wakatu itu.
Pado taun 1939, jambatan ko diresmikan, dan ado batu basurek granit nan mambaco namo jambatan "Beatrix Brug," samantaro di sabalah kanan ado batu basurek "Bt Tembesi." Jambatan iko tagak taguah di ateh Sungai Batang Tembesi, mampunyoi panjang 197,4 meter jo leba ampek meter, jo ampek lengkungan. Jambatan Beatrix marupoan pahubungan alternatif antaro Kampuang Sri Pelayang jo Pasar Bawah Sarolangun. Di sisi utara, jambatan ko mahubuangkan ka Bangko jo Sumatera Barat, sadangkan di sisi selatan manuju ka Lubuk Linggau jo Sumatera Selatan. Pitih untuak mambangun Betrix pado maso pamarintahan Balando dipakiroan sabanyak 150 gulden.
Pado taun 1973, jambatan Beatrix rusak di ujuang jambatan dan indak dapek lai digunoan. Sabaliaknyo, pamarintah Indonesia mambangun jambatan baru nan talatak di sabalah kanan Jambatan Beatrix. Jambatan baru ko mahubuangkan jalan raya Sumatera nan malalui Provinsi Jambi.
Pado taun 2000, sasudah 27 taun indak bafungsi, karano punyo nilai sajarah jo punyo potensi untuak manjadi objek wisata, Pamarintah Kabupaten Sarolangun mameloki bagian jambatan nan rusak.
Pado 13 Januari 2024, manuruik paningkekan aliran aia di Sungai Tembesi, Pamarintah Kabupaten Sarolangun manutup samantaro Jambatan Beatrix. Badasakan pangamatan panutupan samantaro Jambatan Beatrix, maanggap baso paras aia Sungai Tembesi samakin maningkek, jo panunjang basi sagi tigo pado tiang tangah putuih, paras aia hanyo labiah kurang 2 meter dari manyantuah lantai jambatan. Faktor lain nan manyababkan panunjang baja bageser adolah sarok jo balok kayu nan dibaok banjir dan talibaik pado tiang-tiang basi nan panunjang jambatan.
Pasa pitih

Pasa pitih dapek didefinisian sabagai tampek (bisa fisik jo nonfisik) batamunyo pihak nan mampunyoi kalabihan dana (surplus dana) jo pihak nan kakurangan dana (defisit dana). Pihak defisit jo nan balabiah dana marupokan duo pihak utamo di pasa pitih. Maskipun ado duo pihak utamo nan talibek dalam pasa pitih, untuak mamfasilitasi aliran dana tasabuik, banyak pihak nan talibek, khususnyo lambago parantaro (nan kamudian disabuik sabagai lambago parantara kauangan). Parantaro kauangan timbua untuak mambantu mangefektifan aliran dana dari pihak surplus kapado pihak defisit dana. Dalam pasa pitih ko, aliran dana dipalanca dengan muncuanyo instrumen pitih (sekuritas atau surek barago). Instrumen pitih pado dasarnyo marupokan surek pajanjian nan malibekan pihak surplus jo defisit dana, dalam kaitannyo jo aliran dana.
Pasa pitih mamainkan paran pantiang dalam mamfasilitasi kalancaran operasi ekonomi kapitalis dengan mengalokasian sumber daya jo manciptakan likuiditas untuak bisnis jo pangusaho.
Pasa pitih dapek dibagi kadalam babarapo sub jinih sarupo:
Pasa pitih marupokan bagian dari pasa pitih basamo jo pasa modal. Pasa modal adolah pasa pitih tampek dipadagangannyo instrumen pitih jangka panjang, sadangkan pasa pitih alah pasa pitih tampek dipadagangkannyo instrumen pitih jangka pendek. Contoh insrumen pitih jangka panjang adolah obligasi karano jatuah tempo obligasi jatuah labiah dari satahun. Contoh instrumen jangka pendek adolah Commercial Paper (CP) jatuah tempo dalam wakatu kurang dari satahun. Tantunyo dalam kanyataannyo, indak ado pamisahan nan jaleh antaro pasa pitih jo pasa modal karano kaduaonyo bisa sajo tajadi di wakatu jo tampek nan basamoan.
Padagangan atau jua-bali instrumen pitih dapek diadokan di pasa modal nan marupokan bagian dari pasa pitih. Instrumen pitih nan dipajuabalikan dalam pasa modal basifaik jangka panjang jo baragam bantuak. Dalam pasa modal, jinih instrumen nan dipadagangkan maliputi instrumen kas maupun insturmen derivatif. Jinih instrumen kas pado pasa modal iolah saham, obligasi, waran, right, jo obligasi konventibel. Sadangkan jinih instrumen derivatif barupo opsi.
Bursa efek utamonyo malakukan jua bali saha, obligasi, jo sertifikat reksadana. Saham maarupokan tando bukti panyaratoan modal jo bukti pamilikan ateh suatu perseroan tabateh. Dividen akan diagiah kapado pamilik saham sabagai bagian dari kauntuangan usaho. Obligasi marupokan tando utang nan dikaluakan parusahaan atau pamarentah kapado masyarakat jo pambayian bungo. Sadangkan sertifikat reksadana marupokan surek barago nan mangantikan suatu surek barago atau sakumpulan surek barago lainnyo.
Urang Cino Bukiktinggi

Urang Cino Bukiktinggi atau Tionghoa Bukiktinggi adolah urang-urang nan baetnis Cino dima tampek tingganyo ado di Kota Bukiktinggi.
Asa kadatangan masyarakaik Cino di Bukiktinggi alun pasti diketahui taun baranyo, tapi kampuang tampek tingga kumpulan masyarakaik Cino alah ditantuan sajak pamarintahan Balando, tapeknyo ado di Kelurahan Benteng, Pasa Ateh. Panantuan tampek tingga masyarakaik Cino di Bukiktinggi diatua dalam paraturan nan banamo wijkenstelsel nan digunoan sajak tahun 1856. Sajak saaik itu, masyarakaik Cino mulai tingga di Kota Bukiktinggi. Masyarakaik Cino diagiah hak mambangun toko jo rumah tingga sahinggonyo kampuang tampek tingga urang Cino dapek lo manjadi pasa untuak urang-urang tu badagang. Banyak nan dari masyarakaik Cino di Kota Bukiktinggi nan badagang, tapi ado jo nan manjua jasa atau jadi pagawai pamarintah.
Kampuang tampek tingga masyarakaik Cino di Bukiktinggi banamo Kampuang Cino. Bantuak tampek tingga urang Cino di Kampuang Cino tu hampia samo sadonyo. Ado duo atau tigo tingkek. Dibangun baderet mamanjang dan talatak di jalan pusek Kota. Lantai patamo digunoan untuak manggaleh, sadangkan lantai atehnyo digunoan untuak tampek tingga.
Masyarakaik Cino di Bukiktinggi biasonyo manciptaan budayo surang nan balain dari etnis lain di Kota Bukiktinggi. Urang Cino alah sajak lamo tingga di Bukiktinggi, tapi sampai kini urang-urang tu tataok baradaptasi jo panduduak asli Bukikttinggi. Budayo Cino nan baragam manjadi sumbangan untuak pakambangan budayo Indonesia tarutamo di Kota Bukiktinggi.
Parekonomian padagang Cino punyo paningkatan tiok tahunnyo. Paningkatan tu dapek dicaliak dari fasilitas hiduik masyarakaik Cino nan punyo kamajuan dalam gaya hiduiknyo dibandiangan masyarakaik lokal. Salain tu, dari pandidikan, banyak anak-anak masyarakaik Cino nan lah dapek basakolah sampai paguruan tinggi di lua daerah Sumatera Barat. Ekonomi Cino taruih bakambang dan mancapai puncak sajak awal 19. Parekonomian Cino dapek maju dek babarapo pangaruah , contohnyo caro karajo urang Cino nan dicontoh manuruik keyakinan urang tu, kabijakan pamarintahan samaso maso Balando jo kabijakan pamarintahan Indonesia sasudah kemerdekaan sarato jo kondisi lingkungan sakita.
Regions of Indonesia

This is a list of some of the regions of Indonesia. Many regions are defined in law or regulations by the central government. At different times of Indonesia's history, the nation has been designated as having regions that do not necessarily correlate to the current administrative or physical geography of the territory of the nation.
According to ISO 3166-2:ID, Indonesia is divided into seven geographical units, with each unit consisting of major islands or an island group. These geographical units are as follows:
During the last stages of the Dutch colonial era, the area east of Java and Kalimantan was known as the Great East and later known as Eastern Indonesia. On 24 December 1946, the State of East Indonesia was formed covering the same area (excluding Western New Guinea). It was a component of the United States of Indonesia, and was dissolved into the unitary Republic of Indonesia in 17 August 1950. Currently, Eastern Indonesia consists of 17 provinces: Bali, East Nusa Tenggara, West Nusa Tenggara, Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo, North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, Maluku, North Maluku, Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua. Meanwhile, the region comprising the other 21 provinces in Sumatra, Java, and Kalimantan is known as Western Indonesia. рШлш
According to the National Development Planning Agency, Indonesia is divided into four main development regions, with each being led by the major cities of Medan, Jakarta, Surabaya, and Makassar.
Baitul Mukhlisin Islamic Center Mosque

The Baitul Mukhlisin Islamic Center Mosque (Indonesian: Masjid Islamic Center Baitul Mukhlisin) is a mosque located in Liwa, West Lampung Regency, Lampung, Indonesia. The mosque was constructed in 2009 and finished in 2010. It is known as Bintang Emas (Gold Star) Mosque as the star on top of the dome is coated in gold color. Most of the buildings use architecture with Arabic ornaments. Building materials are selected from Lampung and andesite marble stones that enhance space and minimize maintenance costs.
퓨리오사: 매드맥스 사가

《퓨리오사: 매드맥스 사가》(영어: Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga)는 2024년 개봉한 액션 모험 영화이다. 조지 밀러가 감독을 맡았으며, 영화 《매드 맥스: 분노의 도로》의 캐릭터 퓨리오사의 과거를 다룬 작품이다. 배우 안야 테일러조이가 퓨리오사를 연기했다.
라이언 (카카오프렌즈)

라이언(RYAN)은 카카오프렌즈에서 창작한 동물 캐릭터이다. 겉보기에는 얼핏 곰처럼 보이지만 사실은 갈기가 없는 사자이며 수컷이다.
2016년에 첫 등장을 하였으며 카카오프렌즈에서 신캐릭터 발표 당시 공개되었다. 머리에 갈기가 없고 곰처럼 둥글어보이는 얼굴 때문에 일부에서 곰으로 오해하기도 하지만 엄연한 숫사자이며 카카오프렌즈중에서도 인기가 높은 캐릭터이다.
몸 색깔은 주황빛을 띄있으며 사자의 입에 둥글게 보이는 얼굴이 특징이다.
유일하게 표정 변화가 없는 것이 특징으로 표정 대신 몸짓으로 표현한다.
카카오프렌즈는 물론 카카오에서도 상징적으로 존재하는 국민 캐릭터이기도 하다.
둥둥섬의 왕위 계승자로 태어난 수사자 라이언. 나주 라씨, 16대손 왕자 이름 이언. 무뚝뚝한 표정과는 다르게 배려심이 많고 따뜻한 리더십을 가지고 있습니다. 하지만 다른 가족들과는 다르게 갈기가 없는 자신의 모습에 정체성의 혼란을 느껴 왕의 자리에 오르기보다는 또 다른 세상에 대한 호기심을 키웁니다. 왕궁에서의 반복되는 일상의 지루함을 느끼던 어느 날, 라이언은 둥둥섬을 탈출하기 위한 준비를 시작하고, 기회를 보던 차에 드디어 둥둥섬 탈출에 성공합니다. 섬을 벗어나 도착한 곳은 책으로만 접하며 동경해 왔던 신비의 장소인 바로 Secret Forest! 그곳에서 라이언은 생각지도 못했던 친구들을 만나며, 흥미로운 이야기들을 만들어 갑니다.
- 카카오프렌즈 스토리 컬러링북
잭 라이언: 코드네임 쉐도우

《잭 라이언: 코드네임 쉐도우》(영어: Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit)는 2014년 개봉한 미국의 액션 스릴러 영화이다. 톰 클랜시의 캐릭터 잭 라이언을 바탕으로 하고 있다. 크리스 파인이 주인공 잭 라이언을 연기한다. 그리고 케네스 브래나 감독이 연출하고 직접 악역인 체레빈 역으로 출연한다.
경제학을 전공한 청년 잭 라이언은 9.11 테러를 계기로 해병대에 입대한다. 그러나 2003년 아프간전에 참전했다가, 헬기 사고로 척추에 큰 부상을 입고 전역하게 된다. 재활병원에서 잭은 재활을 도와준 의대생 캐시와 만나 연인이 된다. 그리고 CIA의 하퍼 중령이 찾아와, 잭을 비밀요원으로 발탁한다.
10년이 지나 잭은 월가에서 증권사로 일하며 테러 위협을 감지한다, 그가 CIA 요원이란 사실은 약혼자가 된 캐시를 포함해 누구도 모른다. 그 무렵 터키 송유관 문제로 유엔에서 표결이 벌어지고, 미국의 반대로 러시아의 석유 수출에 차질이 생긴다. 이에 러시아 정부는 미국을 향한 사보타주를 계획하고, 체레빈 그룹의 대표 빅토르 체레빈에게 아무도 모르게 테러를 지시한다. 그리고 주식 시장의 동향을 주시하던 잭 라이언이 체레빈 그룹의 현금이 접근 불가능한 경로로 사라지는 흐름을 포착한다.
잭은 상사에게 이를 보고하고 이를 구실로 체레빈을 만나기 위해 모스크바로 출장 간다. 그리고 도착하자마자, 체레빈 그룹에서 파견한 경호원을 자칭한 남자에게 습격당한다. 간신히 남자를 사살하고 잭은 CIA에 지원을 요청한다. 뒤이어 하퍼 중령이 나타나고 잭은 체레빈이 계획하는 경제 테러를 그에게 설명한다. 다음날 잭과 만난 체레빈은 이미 문제가 된 자산을 모두 매각했다며 잭의 추궁을 빠져 나간다. 한편 잭의 외도를 의심한 캐시가 모스크바까지 쫓아오자, 잭은 결국 자신의 정체를 고백한다. 그러자 하퍼 중령은 캐시를 미인계로 이용해 체레빈을 묶어 둔 사이 잭으로 하여금 체레빈의 사무실에 침입해 단서를 얻어오는 작전을 세운다.
체레빈과 만난 식사 자리에서 잭은 술에 취해 추태를 부리고 캐시와 다투는 척을 한다. 그리고 자연스럽게 체레빈의 보안카드를 훔쳐 산책을 핑계로 자리를 뜬다. 캐시가 체레빈을 열심히 유혹하는 사이, 잭은 CIA 요원들의 도움을 받아 체레빈의 사무실로 잠입한다. 도중에 보안 책임자와 체레빈의 비서에게 발각되어 체레빈이 되돌아 온다. 다행히 잭은 파일을 훔쳐 내어 CIA에 전송하는 데 성공하나, 체레빈이 잭의 정체를 눈치채고 만다. 체레빈은 CIA의 아지트를 급습해 캐시를 납치하지만, 혼신의 추격전 끝에 잭이 캐시를 구출해낸다.
잭과 CIA는 체레빈이 자신의 아들 알렉산드르를 죽은 것으로 위장하여 미국에 비밀요원으로 잠입시켰고, 그를 이용해 월가를 테러하려는 사실을 알아챈다. 알렉산드르는 도난 차량을 경찰차로 위장해 지하에서 폭탄을 터뜨릴 계획이었다. 그러나 이를 발견한 잭이 그의 차를 추격한다. 하수도에서 격투 끝에 잭은 폭탄이 실린 차량을 탈취하고, 이를 알렉산드르와 함께 이스트강에 처박음으로써 테러를 저지하는 데 성공한다. 이후 실패한 체레빈은 러시아 정부에게 은밀히 사살된다. 그리고 캐시와 결혼한 잭은 테러를 막은 공로로 백악관에서 대통령 훈장을 받는다.