davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Aerostato

Un aerostato o aeróstato es una aeronave provista de uno o más recipientes llenos de un gas más ligero, es decir de menor densidad, que el aire (gas de elevación), que puede elevarse o permanecer inmóvil en el mismo.​ Los aerostatos incluyen los globos aerostáticos, y los dirigibles. La palabra aerostato proviene del vocablo francés "aérostat", y éste del griego "aer", aire, y "statos", quieto. Existen aerostatos de aire caliente y aerostatos de gas.
Están compuestos por una bolsa, denominada vela, que contiene una masa de gas o aire caliente más ligera que el aire exterior. En la parte inferior de la bolsa se puede unir una estructura sólida denominada barquilla o se le puede atar cualquier tipo de cuerpo, como por ejemplo un sensor. Los aerostatos no dirigibles se dejan llevar por las corrientes del aire, aunque algunos pueden controlar su elevación.
Los globos aerostáticos son aerostatos no propulsados ni dirigibles, mientras que los dirigibles son propulsados y guiados. En caso de que un globo esté amarrado permanentemente, se denomina globo cautivo.
El principio de base es hacer un objeto más ligero que el aire (con aire caliente o con un gas más ligero que el aire, hidrógeno, por ejemplo). Este principio era probablemente conocido por los chinos (presuntos inventores del papel): supuestamente habrían llevado a cabo vuelos de pequeños globos de papel inflados con aire caliente. Muchos precursores (entre ellos Bartolomeu de Gusmão) han ilustrado este principio. Las primeras aplicaciones prácticas de vuelos de los ingenios más importantes fueron hechas por los franceses Joseph y Étienne de Montgolfier y el físico Jacques Charles.
Vivo (empresa de telecomunicaciones)

Vivo es una tecnológica de telecomunicaciones brasileña, propiedad de Telefônica Brasil, subsidiaria de la española Telefónica. Es la empresa de telecomunicaciones más grande de Brasil con más de 76 millones de usuarios.​ Tiene su sede en el barrio Brooklin Novo de São Paulo.
La empresa se formó originalmente como parte de Telebrás, el monopolio estatal de telecomunicaciones de ese momento. En 1998, Telebrás se separó y se privatizó.
Telefónica compró Telesp, que era la división de São Paulo, y la renombró a Telefónica. La marca Vivo fue lanzada el 13 de abril de 2003, como un proveedor de servicios de telefonía móvil. Se originó a partir de la fusión de varias operaciones brasileñas de telefonía móvil en una empresa conjunta propiedad de Portugal Telecom (PT) y la española Telefónica. Hasta 2006, el grupo estaba compuesto por seis sociedades que en noviembre de 2005, se fusionaron en una única sociedad de cartera, "Vivo Participações". La operación concluyó el 22 de febrero de 2006. En julio de 2010, Telefónica compró las acciones de PT.​​
El 15 de abril de 2012, todos los servicios de Telefónica fueron renombrados nuevamente a Vivo, utilizando la misma estrategia de unificar todos sus servicios en una marca única, como en el caso de Movistar (Hispanoamérica y España) y O2 (resto de Europa).
Las siguientes compañías se fusionaron para formar Vivo:
En la actualidad, Vivo opera redes UMTS, 3G y 4G LTE de banda 7 en las principales ciudades. Inicialmente, la red se basaba en AMPS analógicos (IS-95) y partes (resultado de la adquisición de otras empresas), utilizando TDMA (IS-136). Todos estos se están convirtiendo a GSM desde 2006, cuando, después de años de ser la única red CDMA, Vivo anunció una red GSM y que operaría tanto en CDMA como en GSM .​ La red CDMA se convirtió gradualmente a CDMA2000 en las principales ciudades. La red CDMA se suspendió en noviembre de 2012.​
Vivo posee las siguientes marcas:
Festival Internacional de Globos de Albuquerque

El Festival Internacional de Globos de Albuquerque (en inglés Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta) es un festival anual de globos aerostáticos, que se celebra tres fines de semana del mes de octubre en la ciudad de Albuquerque (Nuevo México). Es considerado el mayor festival de globos del mundo,​ ya que participan unos 500 globos cada año, y reúne a personas procedentes de todo el mundo.
La historia de este festival comenzó en 1972, cuando se realizó por primera vez para conmemorar el 50 aniversario de la estación de radio 770 KOB.
Los pilotos de los globos aerostáticos se preparan muy temprano, aproximadamente a las cuatro de la mañana. La gente puede ir y mirar los globos preparados para volar, y también pueden volar en unos de los globos sobre la ciudad de Albuquerque. Durante la noche los pilotos y sus equipos iluminan los globos para mostrarlos iluminados en la oscuridad a la gente.
La pandemia de COVID-19 en 2020 fue la causa mayor de su cancelación. Se volvería en 2021.
Brevet

Brevet (a veces castellanizado brevete) es un término derivado del francés, que se puede traducir como patente, certificado o licencia, que se ha utilizado en español o castellano a partir del siglo XX, especialmente en dos campos influenciados por tradiciones francesas: la aeronáutica y el ciclismo.
En la aeronáutica, la expresión "brevet de piloto" fue especialmente habitual en castellano durante los inicios de esta actividad, en las priméras décadas del siglo XX, para referirse a una licencia habilitante para conducir aeronaves, por ser éstas expedidas originalmente en Francia, como las que obtuvieron entre 1911 y 1912 los chilenos Manuel Ávalos Prado y José Luis Sánchez Besa. Estos documentos franceses fueron muchas veces los primeros a los que tuvieron acceso los pilotos hispanoamericanos, pero también los recibieron de instituciones de otros países, entre ellos los hispanohablantes, que empezaron a expedir sus propias licencias, que muchas veces se llamaron de la misma manera, como el brevet otorgado en Buenos Aires a Jorge Newbery en 1910. Si bien los primeros 16 brevets de piloto civil de aeroplano se otorgaron durante el año 1909, sin examen, se considera que esta licencia se introdujo en forma a partir del 1 de enero de 1910,​ cuando Louis Blériot fue el primer habilitado. Este nuevo brevet era emitido por el Aéro-Club de France (fundado en 1898), que anteriormente otorgaba brevet de piloto de globo aerostático ("globo libre") desde 1901. Luego, a partir de 18 de marzo de 1911, el Ejército de Tierra de Francia otorgó sus primeros certificados especiales de piloto, el brevet de piloto militar, que también recibieron latinoamericanos como . La expresión "brevet de piloto" se sigue utilizando hasta la actualidad en algunos países de Latinoamérica, como por ejemplo Argentina,​ donde se emiten certificados habilitantes para el vuelo con este nombre.​
Los brevets son etapas de ciclismo de ruta de gran fondo (mínimo 200 km), no competitivos, que se realizan en carreteras abiertas al tráfico, y que se han de completar en un tiempo máximo prefijado.
Las distancias a cubrir en los brevets son: 200, 300, 400, 600 y 1000 km, así como los 1200 km de las superbrevets. El objetivo que persiguen estos brevets es adquirir un gran fondo para poder participar en cualquiera de las randonnées que existen, siendo la clásica París-Brest-París (1200 km), la reina de todas ellas.​
El año de la celebración de la PBP (París-Brest-París), MGM (Madrid-Gijón-Madrid), o cualquier otra, la organización exige haber completado en ese mismo año los brevets de 200, 300, 400 y 600 km para poder participar.
Los brevets están definidos expresamente como “excursión personal” (no son carreras ni tampoco marchas), en las que predominará una total autosuficiencia del participante, quedando prohibido recibir asistencia fuera de los puntos de control establecidos. Las normas de tráfico deben respetarse estrictamente y son de uso obligatorio el casco, luces delantera y trasera y prendas reflectantes. Los tiempos máximos para realizar los brevets son:
Pampero (globo)

El Pampero fue un globo aerostático del Aero Club Argentino (ACA) y una de las primeras aeronaves de la historia argentina. Fue protagonista de la hazaña del primer cruce del Río de la Plata el 25 de diciembre de 1907, con Jorge Newbery y Aarón de Anchorena. Finalizó trágicamente desapareciendo el 17 de octubre de 1908 con Eduardo Newbery y el sargento primero Eduardo Romero, cerrando una corta vida operativa.​
El aviador Aarón de Anchorena compró el globo en Paris (Francia) en 1906, al pionero de la aviación, inventor e ingeniero brasileño, Alberto Santos Dumont, bautizándolo Pampero, por el violento viento pampero. El 29 de julio de 1907 arribó a Buenos Aires (Argentina).​
En su debut, el Pampero levantó vuelo el 25 de diciembre de 1907 en el Campo de la Sociedad Sportiva Argentina con el ingeniero Jorge Newbery y el propio Anchorena. Ascendió a 3000 m de altitud sobre el estuario del Río de la Plata y descendió en Conchillas (Uruguay), airoso y con total exitoso. Este histórico vuelo motivó la fundación del Aero Club Argentino (ACA), presidido por Anchorena. El Pampero fue formalmente donado por el presidente de la nueva asociación.​
El 17 de octubre de 1908 el Pampero partió de Buenos Aires con Eduardo Newbery y el sargento primero Eduardo Romero. El globo perdió contacto con tierra y se perdió todo rastro del mismo. El siniestro fue una gran angustia para el Aero Club Argentino y las causas del siniestro permanecen como una incógnita.​
Newbery y Romero (primer miembro del Ejército Argentino caído en un accidente de aviación) fueron declarados precursores de la aviación argentina en 1970.​
Ultramagic

Ultramagic es una empresa española fabricante de globos aerostáticos de aire caliente, con sede en el aeródromo Igualada-Ódena, provincia de Barcelona, España. Es el único fabricante de España y el segundo mayor fabricante mundial por cifra de negocios.​ La producción anual de la empresa se sitúa entre los 80 y 120 globos, destinando cerca del 80% a la exportación, incluyendo Japón, América del Norte, América del Sur, Europa y África. Ultramagic puede fabricar globos de gran tamaño, como el N-500 que puede trasportar hasta 27 personas en la cesta, y también ha fabricado múltiples globos con formas especiales, así como hinchables de aire frío.
Ultramagic colabora cada año en la organización del European Balloon Festival, la concentración internacional de globos aerostáticos más importante de España,​ en la que se realizan exhibiciones y competiciones. En el festival suelen participar entre 40 y 60 pilotos de globo de España, Europa y el resto del mundo, como Israel, India, Japón, Brasil y Argentina. El festival tiene lugar en el mes de julio desde 1997, en un espacio habilitado como campo de vuelo en la antigua N-II de Igualada. Es miembro del clúster aeronáutico BAIE.
La empresa tiene su origen en el año 1978 cuando tres amigos, Josep Maria Lladó, ingeniero aeronáutico y piloto de globos, Joan Comellas y Jaume Llansana,​ empezaron a volar con un globo usado y al cabo de poco tiempo decidieron construir un globo más grande, llamado "Tramuntana",​ para realizar un viaje por África, ya que no tenían dinero para comprar un globo ya hecho.​ Este viaje se realizó el año 1980, durando once meses, con 40 vuelos partiendo de Zanzíbar, cruzando Tanzania, Ruanda y una parte del Zaire hasta a Kisangani, actual República Democrática del Congo. Tras ello, empezaron a diseñar un ultraligero y crearon la empresa Ultramagic SA, juntamente con Carles Lladó, hermano de Josep Maria. Ultramagic pasó a ser Globos Ultramagic, ya que tras construir un prototipo de ultraligero vieron que era muy complicado, requería mucho dinero, los materiales eran de importación y solo era rentable la producción en serie.​ Además, tenían experiencia en la construcción de globos y conservaban las máquinas de coser y la organización aeronáutica.​
La empresa inauguró en 1993 una división de hinchables de aire frío, con unas 4.000 unidades construidas hasta la actualidad. La producción anual de hinchables de aire frío se sitúa en unas 500 unidades.​
En el 2009 la empresa realizó el primer vuelo oficial del "Ecomagic", un globo aerostático sostenible con un consumo de energía reducido, desarrollado conjuntamente con la Escuela de Ingeniería Aeronáutica de la Universidad Técnica de Berlín. El tejido de este globo tiene una doble capa que aísla mejor el aire caliente, hecho que disminuye el consumo y permite vuelos más largos. El Ecomagic gasta menos de la mitad que un globo normal y puede llegar a consumir un 30% de lo habitual.​
Los globos producidos por la empresa se dirigen a tres tipos de clientes:​
Mercedes Corominas

Mercedes Corominas (España, 1886 - Brasil, 1926) fue una de las primeras mujeres aviadoras y aeronautas españolas, conocida por sus exhibiciones en Portugal.
Mercedes Corominas nació en España en 1886. Se formó como acróbata de circo y, a principios del siglo XX, participaba en el Circo Calderón en España. En 1904 realizó una ascensión aérea en solitario en Barcelona, convirtiéndose en la primera mujer española en realizar una ascensión en globo en solitario.​ En 1906 comenzó a realizar acrobacias aéreas, suspendiéndose en un trapecio colgado debajo de un globo aerostático. Su primera serie de exposiciones, titulada "Aerostatic Ascensions", tuvo lugar en Portugal; estos fueron un gran éxito y Corominas realizó acrobacias aéreas en varias ciudades portuguesas. Continuaría realizando sus acrobacias en otras partes de Europa.​​ El 12 de septiembre de 1909 realizó otra ascensión en solitario elevándose desde la Plaza de Toros de Santander a bordo de un Globo Montgolfier bautizado con su nombre. Poco después llevó a cabo otras ascensiones similares en poblaciones cántabras como Escobedo, Gajano y Mogro.​
Se casó con un artista de circo portugués, Francisco Pedro Monteiro, en 1911. Ese mismo año, Corominas realizó acrobacias en Brasil. Mientras estaban en el país, la pareja decidió establecerse y finalmente formó una compañía de circo.​
Telephone numbers in Mexico

Telephone numbers in Mexico are regulated by the Federal Telecommunications Institute, an independent government agency of Mexico. The agency published the Fundamental Technical Plan for Numbering (Plan Técnico Fundamental de Numeración) on May 11, 2013. The plan establishes a uniform ten-digit telephone number format. It took effect on August 3, 2019.
All telephone numbers in Mexico have ten digits, of which the first identifies one of the eight principal geographic regions of the country.
The national number is formed by prefixing the previously existing local number format with an area code. All ten digits must be dialed for all calls.
Since August 3, 2019, only the following dialing prefixes are available for use within Mexico:
Destinations in Mexico are dialed from foreign location by dialing the foreign country's International access code (011 within the NANP area, 00 in many other countries), the country code 52, and the ten-digit national telephone number of the destination. As of 2020, the dialing procedure for mobile phones in Mexico no longer requires the inclusion of the number '1' after the country code. The procedure for calling landlines remains unchanged.
Until August 3, 2019, telephone numbers in Mexico consisted of ten digits with either two-digit area codes (for Mexico City, Monterrey, and Guadalajara and their respective metropolitan areas) or three-digit area codes for the rest of the country. New area codes were assigned in the overlay format to address number exhaustion: in 2017, Toluca and Puebla and in 2018, León, Mexico City, and Tijuana.
In the early development of International Direct Distance Dialing (IDDD), Mexico elected to join World Zone 5, instead of joining the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). Since the 1960s, the Bell System had already established technical infrastructure to include Mexico in the NANP routing system, and continued to maintain special dialing arrangement using NANP area codes 903 (northwest Mexico) and 905 (Mexico City) from the US into Mexico, because of high community interest into the 1980s. Use of the area codes was formally discontinued on February 1, 1991, requiring callers to use international dialing.
Major cities and metropolitan areas have the following codes:
Pye Green BT Tower

Pye Green BT Tower is a 96.9-metre (318 ft) tall telecommunication tower built of reinforced concrete at Pye Green, Staffordshire, England. Standing on the far southern edge of Cannock Chase, it is one of 14 telecommunication towers in the United Kingdom built of reinforced concrete. Pye Green was constructed as part of the British Cold War "Backbone" radio communications network.
Its combination of elevation and height give it line-of-sight to the BT Tower in Birmingham and Sutton Common in Cheshire.
Judy Lynne

Judy Lynne, credited also as Judy Lind is an American-born Australian former actress.
Lynne was born in Gary, Indiana, U.S. She trained at Northwestern University, Illinois from 1961 to 1965, studying a Bachelor of Arts majoring in drama (film, tv and theatre production) and minoring in journalism. She moved to Australia in 1971.
From 1971, Lynne worked in Sydney, as a journalist and television reporter for A Current Affair, and as a Nine News Sydney weather presenter, while taking on television guest roles – before eventually turning to acting full time.
Lynne has had roles in numerous TV serials including Number 96 (1972), Spyforce (1972), Ryan (1973), Boney (1973) and Alvin Purple (1976). She is best known however, for her role in television serial The Young Doctors as Dr. Susan Richards, from 1977 to 1980.
Lynne also worked in theatre, and briefly as wardrobe mistress.
She left her television career in 1983, to become a commercial hot air balloon pilot, although she returned for an episode of Return to Eden in 1986.
In 1975, as a journalist, Lynne interviewed a hot air balloonist, who was one of only four in Australia at the time. This piqued her interest in the sport, leading her to become a pilot herself. In 1980, she formed a business partnership with world champion balloonist, Peter Vizzard, starting the company, Balloon Aloft Australia in the Hunter Valley, operating commercial passenger rides, using them for advertising, and staging balloon festivals.
Lynne won the National Hot Air Balloon Championships in 1985 and went on to represent Australia in the 1985 World Hot Air Ballooning Championships in Battle Creek, Michigan, U.S. the same year, competing against Vizzard. She retired from commercial ballooning in 2007.
Since retiring, Lynne lives six months of the year in Australia, and the other six in Europe, owning a boat on the canals in France.
Judy Lynne at IMDb
Zain Group

Mobile Telecommunications Company K.S.C.P. (doing business as Zain) is a Kuwaiti mobile telecommunications company founded in 1983 in Kuwait as MTC (Mobile Telecommunications Company), and later rebranded as Zain in 2007. Zain has a commercial presence in seven countries across the Middle East with 47.8 million active customers as of 30 June 2024. The Vice Chairman and Group CEO is Bader Nasser Al-Kharafi, who was appointed in March 2017.
As of 2024, the two major stakeholders are Kuwait Investment Authority with 15.9% and Omantel with 21.9%.
The Zain brand is one of the recognized telecom brands across the MENA region, with a brand value of US$3 billion (2024).
Zain is listed on the Kuwait Stock Exchange. There are no restrictions on Zain shares as the company's capital is 100% free float and publicly traded.
In Q2 2024, Zain Group generated consolidated revenue of KD 479 million (USD 1.6 billion), up 4% compared to Q2 2023. Normalized EBITDA grew 13% YoY to reach KD 178 million (USD 579 million), reflecting an EBITDA margin of 37%. Normalized net income growth soared 55% to reach KD 52 million (USD 170 million) reflecting an earnings per share of 12 fils. Normalized EBITDA and net income growth for Q2 2024 is arrived at by adjusting the number range claim in Q2 2023.
Zain has presence in a number of countries.
From 2005 to 2010, Zain maintained a presence in a number of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, in addition to its core market in the MENA region.
Zain entered Africa in May 2005 through the $3.4 billion purchase of Celtel International which had 13 country operations in Africa, serving five million customers at that time. Zain invested heavily across the continent through network upgrades and acquiring two more country licences. By June 2010, Zain had over 40 million customers across the continent, operating in Burkina Faso, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia.
In early 2010, Zain accepted an offer for the sale of all its Africa operations. On 8 June 2010, Zain announced that it had satisfied all required conditions precedent to closing of the sale of 100% of Zain Africa BV to Bharti Airtel Limited for $10.7 billion on an enterprise basis.
Today, Zain operates on the African continent only in Sudan, South Sudan and Morocco.
Vivo (telecommunications company)

Vivo (Portuguese for 'Live', as in Live Broadcasting, or 'Alive'), known as Vivo Brazil, is a brand of Telefônica Brasil, a subsidiary of Telefónica and the largest telecommunications company in Brazil. It is headquartered in the Brooklin Novo neighborhood of São Paulo.
The company was originally formed as part of Telebrás, the state-owned telecom monopoly at the time. In 1998, Telebrás was demerged and privatized. Telefónica bought Telesp, the São Paulo division, and rebranded it to Telefónica. On 15 April 2012, all Telefónica services were rebranded again to Vivo, using the same strategy of unifying all its services in a unique brand, like Movistar (Hispanic America and Spain) and O2 (rest of Europe).
The following operators merged to form Vivo:
The Vivo brand was launched on 13 April 2003, as a mobile phone service provider. It's the largest provider in Brazil with over 76 million users. It originated from the merger of several Brazilian mobile phone operations under a joint-venture owned equally by Portugal Telecom (PT) and Spain's Telefónica. Until 2006, the group was composed of six holding companies which, as announced in November 2005, merged into a single holding company, "Vivo Participações". The operation was concluded on 22 February 2006. In July 2010, Telefónica bought PT's shares.
Today Vivo operates an UMTS, 3G networks and bands 1, 7, 3, 28 4G LTE in most Brazilian cities. Initially, the network was based on analog AMPS (IS-95) and parts (resulting from acquisition of other companies), using TDMA (IS-136). These were all converted to GSM beginning in 2006, when, after years being the only CDMA network. For some years, GSM and CDMA networks coexisted. In the second half of the 2000s, the CDMA network was gradually converted to CDMA2000 in the major cities. The CDMA network was discontinued in November 2012.
In 2012, the fixed services in the state of São Paulo were rebranded from Telefónica to Vivo, unifying the brands for fixed and mobile services since then.
Vivo owns the following brands:
Telecommunications company

A telecommunications company is a kind of electronic communications service provider, more precisely a telecommunications service provider (TSP), that provides telecommunications services such as telephony and data communications access. Many traditional solely telephone companies now function as internet service providers (ISPs), and the distinction between a telephone company and ISP has tended to disappear completely over time, as the current trend for supplier convergence in the industry develops. Additionally, with advances in technology development, other traditional separate industries such as cable television, Voice-over IP (VoIP), and satellite providers offer similar competing features as the telephone companies to both residential and businesses leading to further evolution of corporate identity have taken shape.
Due to the nature of capital expenditure involved in the past, most telecommunications companies were government owned agencies or privately-owned monopolies operated in most countries under close state-regulations. But today there are many private players in most regions of the world, and even most of the government owned companies have been opened up to competition in-line with World Trade Organization (WTO) policy agenda. Historically these government agencies were often referred to, primarily in Europe, as PTTs (postal, telegraph and telephone services). Telecommunications companies are common carriers, and in the United States are also known as local exchange carriers. With the advent of mobile telephony, telecommunications companies now include wireless carriers, or mobile network operators and even satellite providers (Iridium).
Over time software companies have also evolved to provide telephone services over the Internet.
In 1913, the Kingsbury Commitment allowed more than 20,000 independent telecommunications companies in the United States to use the long distance trunks of Bell Telephone Company.
विवेकानंद स्मारक

विवकानंद स्मारक हे वावातुराई, कन्याकुमारी येथील पवित्र स्थान आणि प्रसिद्ध पर्यटन क्षेत्र आहे . हे स्मारक भारताच्या दक्षिण टोकापासून ५०० मीटर अंतरावर समुद्रातील दोन खडकांवर आहे. विवेकानंद स्मारक समितीने इ.स. १९७० स्वामी विवेकानंद यांच्या सन्मानार्थ हे स्मारक बांधले. स्वामी विवेकानंद डिसेंबर १८९२ मध्ये याच खडकांवर ध्यानास बसले होते.
शिवाजीराव अनंतराव भोसले

शिवाजीराव अनंतराव भोसले (जुलै १५, १९२७ - जून २९, २०१०) हे मराठी वक्ते, लेखक होते.
भोसल्यांचा जन्म साताऱ्यातील कलेढोण येथे जुलै १५, १९२७ रोजी झाला. त्यांचे वडील अनंतराव भोसले हे प्राथमिक शिक्षक होते. त्यांच्या आईचे नाव अनसूयाबाई होते. भोसल्यांचे थोरले भाऊ लष्करी अधिकारी, तर दुसऱ्या क्रमांकावरील थोरले बंधू प्राथमिक शिक्षक आणि त्यानंतरचे बंधू बॅरिस्टर बाबासाहेब भोसले हे महाराष्ट्राचे माजी मुख्यमंत्री होते.
विटा या लहान गावात शिवाजीरावांनी प्राथमिक शिक्षण पूर्ण केले. पुढे सातारा न्यू इंग्लिश स्कूल, पुण्यातील वाडिया कॉलेज आणि कोल्हापूरच्या राजाराम कॉलेजमध्ये त्यांचे माध्यमिक आणि कॉलेजचे शिक्षण झाले. राजर्षि शाहू महाराजांच्या बोर्डिंगाच्या 'कमवा शिका' योजनेचा लाभही त्यांनी घेतला. कायद्याची पदवी त्यांनी पुण्याच्या आयएलएस लॉ कॉलेजातून घेतली. थोरले भाऊ बाबासाहेब भोसले यांच्याबरोबर साताऱ्यात त्यांनी काही काळ वकिलीही केली.
फलटणच्या मुधोजी कॉलेज येथे तर्कशास्त्र, मानसशास्त्र आणि तत्त्वज्ञान हे विषय शिकवण्यास १९५७ मध्ये त्यांनी प्रारंभ केला. अत्यंत कठीण असणारे हे विषय सहज, सोपे करून शिकवण्यात त्यांचा हातखंडा होता. याच कॉलेजमध्ये त्यांनी सुमारे २५ वर्षे प्राचार्यपदाची धुरा सांभाळली.
१९८८-९१ या काळात त्यांनी छ्त्रपती संभाजीनगरच्या मराठवाडा विद्यापीठाचे कुलगुरुपद सांभाळले.
शिवाजीराव भोसले एक सुपरिचित व्याख्याते होते. भारतीय तत्त्वज्ञान, भारतीय समाजसुधारक, योगी अरविंद, स्वामी विवेकानंद, छत्रपती शिवाजी महाराज, मराठी संत, तर्कशास्त्र, मानसशास्त्र, साहित्य इत्यादी विषयांवर ते अभ्यासपूर्ण व्याख्यान देत. त्यांपैकी काही व्याख्यानमाला अशा :-
वसंत व्याख्यानमाला, पुणे आकाशवाणी व्याख्यानमाला, श्रीमंत दगडूशेठ हलवाई गणपती ट्रस्ट व्याख्यानमाला, वगैरे. कन्याकुमारी येथे विवेकानंद शिला स्मारक उभारण्यासाठी शीला स्मारक समितीच्या वतीने शिवाजीराव भोसले यांनी देशभर व्याख्यानमालांचे आयोजन केले होते..
पुण्याची प्राचार्य शिवाजीराव भोसले स्मृती समिती दर वर्षी १५ जुलै रोजी त्यांच्या नावाचा स्मृती पुरस्कार प्रदान करते. आजवर हा पुरस्कार मिळालेल्या व्यक्ती :-. शिवशाहीर बाबासाहेब पुरंदरे (इ.स. २०१२), शास्त्रज्ञ डॉ. रघुनाथ माशेलकर (२०१३), साहित्यिक प्रा. द.मा. मिरासदार (२०१४), सामाजिक कार्यकर्त्या सिंधूताई सपकाळ (२०१५), डॉक्टर ह.वि. सरदेसाई (२०१६). फादर फ्रान्सिस दिब्रिटो (२०१७), माजी न्यायमूर्ती नरेंद्र चपळगावकर (२०१८) , संतसाहित्याचे आणि लोकसाहित्याचे अभ्यासक व प्रसिद्ध वक्ते डॉ. रामचंद्र देखणे (२०१९)..
तुकाराम जाधव (गिर्यारोहक)

तुकाराम जाधव हे एक मुंबईतील विले पार्ल्याच्या दीनानाथ नाट्य मंदिरात नाटकांचे फलक रंगवणारे एक कलावंत आहेत. ते इ.स. १९७८पासून हे काम करीत आहेत. याशिवाय जाधव हे गिऱ्यारोहकही आहेत. ३०० वर्षे मानवाचा स्पर्श झालेला लिंगाणा ते चढून गेले आहेत. दुर्गम भवानी कड्यावरचे आरोहण आणि पौर्णिमेच्या रात्री रायगडच्या हिरकणी कड्यावर केलेले आरोहण त्यांनी प्रत्यक्षात आणले आहे. यांव्यतिरिक्त त्यांनी आणखी ३५ दुर्गम कड्यांवर प्रस्तरारोहण केले आहे.
तुकाराम जाधव यांना २०१५ सालचा शिवपुण्यस्मृती रायगड पुरस्कार दिला गेला आहे.
अच्युत बळवंत कोल्हटकर

अच्युत बळवंत कोल्हटकर (जन्म : वाई, ऑगस्ट १, १८७९; - १५ जून, १९३१), मूळ नाव - अच्युत वामन कोल्हटकर - हे मराठी पत्रकार होते. ते 'संदेश' वृत्तपत्राचे संस्थापक-संपादक होते. त्यांचे वडील वामनराव कोल्हटकर हे एक वकील आणि नेमस्तपक्षीय सुधारक नेते होते. अच्युतरावांचे पालनपोषण त्यांचे चुलते बळवंतराव ह्यांनी केल्यामुळे अच्युतराव त्यांचे नाव लावीत.
बी.ए.एल्एल.बी. पर्यंत शिक्षण घेतल्यानंतर कोल्हटकरांनी सातारा आणि नागपूर येथे अनुक्रमे शिक्षक व वकील म्हणून काम केले. १९०७ मध्ये देशसेवक ह्या पत्राचे संपादक होऊन जहाल राष्ट्रवादी राजकारणात त्यांनी प्रवेश केला. त्याबरोबरच त्यांची अनेक चढउतारांनी भरलेली राजकीय आणि वृत्तपत्री कारकीर्द सुरू झाली. ह्या कारकीर्दीत १९०८ मध्ये लोकमान्य टिळकांच्या राजकारणाचा जहाल भाषेत पुरस्कार केल्याबद्दल आणि १९३० मध्ये गांधींच्या सविनय कायदेभंगाच्या चळवळीत भाग घेतल्याबद्दल त्यांना कारावास भोगावा लागला.
अच्युत बळवंत कोल्हटकरांनी १९१५ साली काढलेल्या संदेश ह्या पत्राने मराठी वृत्तपत्रसृष्टीचा गंभीर चेहरामोहराच बदलून टाकला. भावनेला आवाहन करणारे, तसेच कल्पकतेने आणि विनोदाने प्रतिपक्षाची भंबेरी उडवून टाकणारे अग्रलेख, ‘संदेशचा अहेर’, ‘बेटा गुलाबच्या कानगोष्टी’, ‘चहा, चिवडा, चिरूट’, ‘संदेश दरबारचा पदवीदान समारंभ’ इ. चटकदार सदरे, चित्तवेधक, बातम्या, आकर्षक मथळे ह्यांमुळे मराठी वृत्तपत्रीय लेखनात बहुरंगीपणा आला व ते जनसामान्यांपर्यंत पोहोचले. त्यांनी चालू केलेल्या मेसेज (१९१७) ह्या इंग्रजी वृत्तपत्राचा मात्र जम बसला नाही. संदेश लोकप्रियतेच्या शिखरावर असतानाच सरकारी अवकृपेस बळी पडले आणि बंद झाले
‘संदेश’ बंद पडल्यावर कोल्हटकरांनी संजय, चाबूक, चाबूकस्वार ह्यांसारखी अनेक पत्रे काढली. मुंबईच्या प्रभात वृत्तपत्राच्या संपादक मंडळातही ते होते.पटवर्धन व तुळजापूरकर ह्यांच्या साहाय्याने त्यांनी श्रुतिबोध (१९१२) आणि उषा (१९१३) ही मासिके चालविली. ‘सौ. वत्सलावहिनी यांचे प्रसिद्ध व अप्रसिद्ध लेख’ (१९१५), ‘चोरी कशी करावी? ’(१९२५), ‘अच्युतराव कोल्हटकर स्मारक ग्रंथ’ आदी पुस्तकांतून त्यांचे निवडक लिखाण संकलित झालेले आहे.
लोकमान्य टिळकांवरील मृत्युलेख, ‘मराठी काव्याची प्रभात’, ‘शेवटची वेल सुकली’, ‘दोन तात्या’, ‘पुणेरी जोडे’, ‘माधवाश्रमात शिवाजी’ ह्यांसारखे त्यांचे वेचक लेख वृत्तपत्रीय मराठी साहित्याची भूषणे आहेत.
अ.ब. कोल्हटकरांनी स्वामी विवेकानंद, नारिंगी निशाण (१९१७) व संगीत मस्तानी (१९२६) यांसारखी नाटकेही लिहिली. स्वतःची नाटक कंपनी काढून काही नाटकांतून भूमिका केल्या. काही कादंबऱ्या लिहिल्या, तथापि ‘संदेशकार’ हीच त्यांची जनमानसात विशेष रूढ झालेली प्रतिमा होती. .
अच्युत बळवंत कोल्हटकर यांचे नाव मुंबई-गिरगावातील एका रस्त्याला दिले आहे.
शुद्ध तमिळ चळवळ

शुद्ध तमिळ आंदोलन (अन्य नावे: फक्त तमिळ भाषा चळवळ, तमिळ: தனித்தமிழ் இயக்கம் देवनागरी लिपी: तनित्तमिळ् इयक्कम्; उच्चारण: t̪ɐnit̪t̪əmiʐ ijəkkəm; रोमन लिपी: Tanittamil Iyakkam) ही तमिळ भाषकांची भाषेच्या, तसेच साहित्याच्या शुद्धीकरणासाठी व इतर भाषांच्या प्रभावाने भेसळ झालेल्या तमिळ भाषेला नवसंजीवनी देण्यासाठी केलेली एक चळवळ होती.
लक्ष्मी होल्मस्ट्रोम (तमिळ अनुवादक)

लक्ष्मी होल्मस्ट्रोम (१९३५:भारत - ६ मे, २०१६) या भारतीय साहित्यिक होत्या. यांनी तमिळ साहित्याचे इंग्लिशमध्ये अनुवाद केला. अनुवादकलेच्या तत्त्वचिंतक म्हणूनही त्या ओळ्खल्या जातात. त्या मूळच्या ब्रिटिश असून त्यांचा जन्म भारतात झाला होता. त्यांचे शिक्षण ऑक्सफर्ड याणि मद्रास विद्यापीठांतून झाले होते.
लक्ष्मी यांनी अनुवादित आणि संपादित केलेले आणि १९९० मध्ये पेंग्विनने प्रकाशित केलेले द इनर कोर्टयार्ड या स्त्री-कथांच्या पुस्तकासह त्यांनी अनुवादिलेली १७ पुस्तके प्रकाशित झाली.
तमिळमधील अंबाईसारख्या स्त्री-लेखिकांना लक्ष्मी यांच्या कथासंग्रहांचे अनुवाद लक्ष्मी यांनी केले. श्रीलंकेतील तमिळ कवींच्या कविताही लक्ष्मी यांनी अनुवादित केल्या.
लक्ष्मी यांनी वेळोवेळी अनुवादांविषयी केलेले लिखाण, वृत्तपत्रांना दिलेल्या मुलाखतींतून किंवा अनुवादकलेविषयीच्या परिसंवादांतून तसेच मार्गदर्शनपर सत्रांतून त्यांनी व्यक्त केलेले विचार लक्ष्मी यांनी वेळोवेळी अनुवादांविषयी केलेले लिखाण अद्याप ग्रंथरूपाने प्रकाशित झालेले नाही.
अनुवाद कधी एका भाषेच्या भल्यासाठी करायचा नसतो. ज्यातून अनुवाद केला आणि ज्या भाषेत अनुवाद झाला, त्या दोन्ही भाषांना काहीना काही लाभ अनुवादामुळे होत असेल, पण आदानप्रदान सुरू राहणे आणि साहित्यसंवादाचे पूल बांधले जाणे हा अनुवादांचा महत्त्वाचा हेतू आहे, असे लक्ष्मी म्हणत.
पूमणि

पूमणि (१९४७:कोविलपट्टी, तमिळनाडू - ) हे तमिळ भाषेत लिहीणारे एक भारतीय लेखक आहेत. त्यांच्या अंजाडि या कादंबरीस २०१४चा साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार मिळाला.
जो डिक्रूझ

आर.एन. जो डिक्रूझ (१९६९ - ) हे तमिळ भाषेत लिहिणारे एक भारतीय लेखक आहेत. त्यांच्या कोरकई या कादंबरीस २०१३चा साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार मिळाला.
A. Kanyakumari

Padmashri Avasarala Kanyakumari is one of the leading violinists from South India who specializes in Carnatic music. She is the first woman violinist to receive the Sangeetha Kalanidhi award. Kanyakumari’s violin playing is admired for many qualities but most pronouncedly for its exceptional quality of vocalism, innovation and fearlessness.
Kanyakumari is a native of Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh and has lived in Chennai for more than five decades. Her parents, Avasarala Ramarathnam and Smt. Jayalakshmi encouraged her to pursue music. She is a disciple of 3 great legendary gurus: Ivaturi Vijeswara Rao, M. Chandrasekaran and M. L. Vasanthakumari. She is renowned for her 'vocalising the violin' (gayaki style). She was mentioned in the congressional record of the US on August 6, 2021, for her selfless services teaching Carnatic Violin lessons free of cost to everyone as a way of paying it forward and honouring the contributions made by her teachers to developing her talents. She also often performs at SPIC MACAY Concerts throughout India. She has trained over 150 students and emphasises that students master the lyrics or sahityam too.
She is the first female violinist to create ragas. Many of her beautiful renditions of classical Carnatic ragas and her own compositions can be found throughout Spotify and YouTube. She also has a website with videos teaching how to play violin in the Carnatic style for students to learn.
A Kanyakumari was awarded the Sangeetha Kalanidhi award of the Madras Music Academy for the year 2016. She is the first female violinist to get the award. Other awards include
She was selected for Limca Book of Records 2004 for her various achievements in music as a versatile woman violinist.
Statues of Amun in the form of a ram protecting King Taharqa

At least three ancient Egyptian granitic gneiss statues of Amun in the form of a ram protecting King Taharqa were displayed at the Temple of Amun at Kawa in Nubia. Construction of the stone temple was started in 683 BC by the pharaoh Taharqa. The ram is one of the animals sacred to Amun and several temples dedicated to Amun, including the one at Karnak, featured ram or ram-headed sphinx statues.
The rams were found by Professor Francis Llewellyn Griffith during his excavations at the temple in 1930–1931. Two sets of paired sandstone bases, in front of the first and second pylons respectively, were found at the western approach to the stone temple, and figures of rams were found on two of them. The pairing ram to the one at the British Museum is held at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, where many of the artefacts from the excavations at Kawa are held. The British Museum's example was acquired in 1933 from Professor Griffith's Oxford Excavations in Nubia.
The base of the statue is 1.63m long and 0.63m wide, and the statue is 1.06m high. The ram is lying on its stomach with its forelegs folded under it, and between them it protects a standing figure of King Taharqa. A hole in the top of the ram's head indicates where a gilded disk would originally have fitted. A hieroglyphic inscription runs round the sides of the plinth from front to back and proclaims Taharqa as the son of Amun and Mut, Lady of Heaven, 'who fully satisfies the heart of his father Amun'.
The Ashmolean statue is displayed in the redesigned Egyptian and Nubian galleries, opened in 2011.
In 2005, the then-writer-in-residence at the Ashmolean Museum, Chuma Nwokolo, Jr, wrote a poem inspired by the statue and other exhibits about Taharqa.
The third statue is displayed in the yard of the National Museum of Sudan, Khartoum.
List of islands of Australia

This is a list of selected Australian islands grouped by state or territory. Australia has 8,222 islands within its maritime borders.
The islands larger than 1,000 square kilometres (390 sq mi) are:
Apart from the state of Tasmania (with a population of 570,000), the largest islands by population are those connected to major urban areas on the mainland by bridge, including Bribie Island near Brisbane with a population of 18,000, and Phillip Island near Melbourne with a population of 14,000.
Tasmania is a large island state off the south-east coast of mainland Australia. The main island of Tasmania (which includes 94% of the state's land area) does not have a defined name but can be referred to as the "Tasmanian mainland". There are 334 islands (or islets) within the state of Tasmania; with the main islands listed below, each having a land area greater than 100 hectares (250 acres). A full list of all 334 islands is located at the list of islands of Tasmania.
Over 1,000 islands have been gazetted – only the island groups and major islands are listed.
Sarsang béchamel

Ang sarsang béchamel (Pranses: [beʃamɛl]) o besamela ay isa sa mga inang sarsa ng lutuing Pranses.
Gawa itong sarsa mula sa puting roux (mantikilya at harina) at gatas, na tinimplahan ng giniling na moskada.
Ang unang resipi ng mala-béchamel na sarsa ay nasa aklat na Le cuisinier françois ni François Pierre de La Varenne noong 1651, na gawa sa roux, tulad ng mga modernong resipi. Pinangalanan ang sarsa bilang parangal kay Louis de Béchameil, isang tagapondo na naging punong katiwala ni Haring Luis XIV ng Pransiya, isang honoraryong posisyon, noong ika-17 siglo.
Unang lumitaw ang sarsang béchamel sa The Modern Cook (Ang Modernong Kusinero) na sinulat ni Vincent La Chapelle at inilathala noong 1733, kung saan lumilitaw ang sumusunod na resipi para sa "Turbots (a la Bechameille)":
Marami ang mga alamat tungkol sa pinagmulan ng sarsang béchamel. Halimbawa, sinasabing nalikha ito sa Toscana sa pangalang "salsa colla" at idinala sa Pransiya kasama ni Catherine de Medici, ngunit ibang-iba itong sarsa sa modernong béchamel, at ipinapatunay ng pananaliksik sa artsibo na "sa talaan ng mga taong naglingkod kay Catherine de Medici, mula pagdating niya sa Pransiya at hanggang ang kanyang kamatayan, wala talagang mga kusinerong Italyano." Ang resipi ng béchamel at ang pangalan nito ay naging bahagi at inangkop pa sa maraming wika at tradisyon sa pagluluto.
Kabilang sa mga katawagan sa béchamel ang:
Subalit white sauce (puting sarsa) lang ang katawagan nito sa Estados Unidos.
Dahil sa mga pag-aangkop na ito, may mga maling pag-aangkin sa pinagmulan ng resipi.
Maaaring maging saligan ang béchamel para sa maraming iba pang sarsa, tulad ng Mornay (béchamel na may keso). Sa lutuing Griyego, kadalasang pinapasarap ng itlog ang béchamel (σάλσα μπεσαμέλcode: ell promoted to code: el ).
Sinasangkap ang béchamel sa mga putahe tulad ng Italyanong lasagne al forno at canelons (Katalan; Kastila canelones), isang Katalanong bersiyon ng Italyanong cannelloni. Ipinakilala ito sa lutuing Griyego, lalo na para sa musaka at pastitsio, ni kusinero Nikolaos Tselementes.
Kaldereta (pagkain)

Ang kaldereta (Kastila: caldereta, Ingles: spicy meat stew, goat-meat stew) ay isang uri ng maanghang na putaheng Pilipino na niluto sa isang kaldero. Sinasahugan ito ng karne ng kambing, tupa, baka, manok o baboy. Ang kaldereta ay isang lutuin sa Pilipinas na kilala sa mga handaan sa pistahan. Ito ay laman ng baboy, o baka o kambing na pinalambot muna at saka iginisa kasama pa ang iba pang sangkap. Ang pagkakaroon ng pulang kulay nito ay dahilan ng ketsap o tomato sauce o atsuwete na inilalagay kapag malapit na itong maluto.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Itlog (pagkain)

Milyun-milyong taon nang kinakain ng mga tao at mga kamag-anak na hominido ang mga itlog ng hayop. Pinakakinakain ang mga itlog ng ibong labuyo, lalo na ang mga itlog ng manok. Nag-umpisang mag-ani ng itlog para kainin ang mga tao sa Timog-silangang Asya pagsapit ng 1500 BK. Kinakain din ang mga itlog ng ibang ibon, katulad ng bibi at abestrus, ngunit hindi gaanong karaniwan kumpara sa itlog ng manok. Maaari ring kainin ng mga tao ang mga itlog ng reptilya, ampibyo, at isda. Tinatawag na bihud ang mga itlog ng isda na kinakain.
Pinapalaki ang mga inahing manok at iba pang nangingitlog na hayop sa buong mundo, at isang pandaigdigang industriya ang maramihang produksiyon ng itlog ng manok. Noong 2023, tinatantiyang 62.1 milyong metrikong tonelada ng mga itlog ang naiprodyus sa buong mundo, higit sa 100 porsiyentong pagtaas kumpara sa 1990.
Isang karaniwang pagkain ang mga itlog ng ibon at isa rin sa mga pinakabersatil na sangkap na ginagamit sa pagluluto. Mahalaga ang mga ito sa maraming sangay ng modernong industriya ng pagkain.
Ang mga pinakaginagamit na itlog ng ibon ay mula sa mga manok, bibi, at gansa. Karaniwang itinuturing na luho ang mga itlog ng malalaking ibon, tulad ng ostrits. Kinokonsiderang delikasi ang mga itlog ng bako sa Inglatera, oati na rin sa ilang mga bansang Eskandinabo, lalo na sa Noruwega. Sa ilang bansang Aprikano, madalas na nakikita ang mga itlog ng benggala sa mga merkado, lalo na tuwing tagsibol ng bawat taon. Nakakain ang mga itlog ng mga paysan at emu, ngunit hindi gaanong karaniwan; minsan makukuha ang mga ito mula sa mga magsasaka, polterer, o mga mamahaling groseri. Sa maraming bansa, ang mga itlog ng mga ligaw na ibon ay protektado ng mga batas na nagbabawal sa pagkolekta o pagbebenta ng mga ito, o pinapayagan lamang ang pagkolekta sa mga partikular na yugto sa bawat taon.
Malawak ang paggamit ng mga itlog ng manok sa mararaming uri ng putahe, matamis man o malinamnam, kabilang dito ang maraming inihurnong pagkain. Kabilang sa mga pinakakaraniwang paraan ng paghahanda ang pagbabati, pagpiprito, pagsusuam, paglalaga, pagtotorta, at pag-aatsara. Maaari ring kainin ang mga ito nang hilaw, bagama't hindi ito inirerekomenda para sa mga taong mas madaling kapitan ng salmonelosis, tulad ng mga matatanda, may kapansanan, o mga buntis. Bukod pa rito, 51 porsiyento lamang ng protina sa hilaw na itlog ang bioavailable, kumpara sa mga 91 porsiyento kapag niluto ang itlog, ibig sabihin na halos doble ang masisipsip na protina mula sa nilutong itlog kaysa sa hilaw na itlog.
Minsan ginagamit ang kaskarilya o pinulbos na balat ng itlog bilang aditibo sa pagkain dahil sa taglay nitong kalsiyo. Nakakain ang bawat bahagi ng itlog, ngunit karaniwang itinatapon ang balat nito. Sa ilang mga resipi, kailangan ang mga itlog na hindi pa ganap o hindi pa nailalabas, na kinukuha mula sa loob ng inahin pagkatapos itong katayin o lutuin .
Sawsawan

Sawsawan ang tawag sa anumang kondimento, partikular mga sarsa, na ginagamit sa pandagdag-lasa sa mga pagkain tulad ng tinapay, siyomay, tinadtad na sariwang gulay, prutas, lamang-dagat, kinubong piraso ng karne at keso, at tsitsirya. Tinatawag itong sawsawan dahil, di-tulad ng mga ibang sarsa, isinasawsaw ang pagkain dito sa halip na hinahalo o ikinakalat sa ibabaw ng pagkain.
Karaniwang ginagamit ang mga sawsawan para sa mga kukutin, pampagana, at iba pang uri ng pagkain. Iminungkahi ng kusinerong selebridad na si Alton Brown na matutukoy ang isang sawsawan sa abilidad nitong "manatiling nakadikit sa kanyang mekanismo ng transportasyon sa higit tatlo talampakan [1 m] ng puting karpet".
Kinakain ang samu't saring mga sawsawan sa buong mundo at libu-libong taon nang nakagagamit ang mga tao ng sawsawan.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Pagkain ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Suka (pagkain)

Ang suka (Ingles: vinegar, Griyego: acetum) ay isang uri ng maasim na panimpla o sawsawan. Karaniwang gamit ito bilang panimpla ng mga salad o ensalada. Maaaring gumawa ng suka mula sa sabaw ng buko, palma, mansanas, bigas at iba pa.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Malaking Pangsawsaw

Ang Malaking Pangsawsaw, Malaking Sandok, o Malaking Kutsaron (Ingles: Big Dipper, Plough, Saptarishi [mula sa "pitong mga rishi"), na nakikilala rin bilang Malaking Kareta, Malaking Kariton, Malaking Karitela, Sudsod, o Pang-araro, ay isang asterismo ng pitong mga bituin na kinikilala bilang isang kaibang pagkakapangkat sa loob ng maraming mga kultura magmula pa noong mga panahong malwat na malwat (sinaunang mga kapanahunan). Ang kabahaging mga bituin ay ang pitong pinakamakikinang ng pormal na konstelasyonng Ursa Major (Pangunahing Ursa).
Ang Sawsawan o Dipper ay mahalaga dahil sa ang Hilagang Bituin (Polaris), ang pangkasalukuyang panghilagang bituin ng polo sa ibabaw ng Daigdig, ay matatagpuan sa pamamagitan nito. Ang Polaris ay isang bahagi ng "Maliit na Pangsawsaw", Ursa Menor (Hindi-Pangunahing Ursa). Katulad ng sa Maliit na Pangsawsaw, ang Malaking Pangsawsaw (Big Dipper sa Ingles) ay pinangalanan ng ganito dahil sa pagiging hugis na katulad ng kutsaron o sandok.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Astronomiya ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Creole mustard

Creole mustard is a condiment found most commonly in the Southeastern region of the United States, specifically Louisiana. A staple in New Orleans-style cuisine, Creole mustard is a blend of Spanish, French, African, and German influences.
The mustard is traditionally made with brown mustard seeds which have been marinated in vinegar, often white wine vinegar, horseradish and assorted spices before being packed or ground. It owes its grainy appearance to the use of coarse-ground mustard seeds.
Creole mustard is a versatile condiment featured on po' boy sandwiches and used in sauces, dressings and dips for everything from vegetables to salads to pretzels and chips. It can be used to create a marinade for meats, and can be incorporated into seafood dishes, such as crab cakes, battered seafood or served as a glaze or dipping sauce, as well. It is also the key ingredient found in New Orleans-style or Creole-style remoulade sauce.
Tentsuyu

Tentsuyu (Japanese: てんつゆ/天汁) is Japanese tempura dip.
The recipe for tentsuyu depends on the seasons and on the ingredients for which tentsuyu is being prepared. A general, all-purpose, tentsuyu might consist of three parts dashi, one part mirin, and one part soy sauce. For ingredients with strong odors or flavors, however, sake and sugar might be used instead of mirin, or more or less shōyu might be used.
Similar ingredients make up the simmering sauce for donburi and the broth for dishes like agedashi tofu (deep-fried tofu in broth) and soba (buckwheat noodles).
Tentsuyu in concentrated form is commonly sold in a small bottles in supermarkets and grocery stores throughout Japan—and also in Asian grocery stores in the US.
When used for tempura, tentsuyu is commonly served with grated daikon white radish.