Malaysian Public Works Department

The Malaysian Public Works Department (Malay: Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia (JKR); Jawi: جابتن كرجا راي مليسيا‎) is the federal government department in Malaysia under Ministry of Works Malaysia (MOW) which is responsible for construction and maintenance of public infrastructure in West Malaysia and Labuan. In Sabah and Sarawak, a separate entity of Public Works Department exists under the two respective states government jurisdiction but both departments are also subordinate to the parent department at the same time.
The position of Chief Engineer for the Straits Settlements was established in 1858. Singapore was a prominent holding camp for British colonial convicts in the Far East at the time. The British relied on soldiers to fill the positions of engineers and doctors. In each colony, an army officer from the engineering team will be stationed to monitor the civil works. Major McNair has come to Singapore to fill the position for this purpose.
The Straits Settlements were designated as a "Crown Colony" in 1867, and the post of Superintendent of PWD Singapore was renamed Colonial Engineer of the Straits Settlements at the same time. However, the date cannot be considered the beginning of PWD because the majority of the works is concentrated in Singapore. Only five years later, In 1872, a new department, the PWD of the Straits Settlements, was founded.
This is the starting point of JKR as a Malaysia organization. Major J.F.A. McNair, who had previously served as Executive Engineer and Superintendent of Prisoners, as well as the Colonial Engineer of the Straits Settlements in 1867, was the first person to lead the JKR organization in 1872, with Captain Shatterthwaite as the First Assistant Engineer at the state level in Penang.
The Department of Survey, which had been founded in 1839, was merged with the Colonial Engineer's office in 1871, as part of a consolidation policy launched by Sir Harry Ord and controlled by Major F.A. McNair. He reorganised the department in 1873, by assigned Captain W. Innes as First Assistant Engineer and Surveyor in the State of Penang and another in Melaka.
The job of Superintendent of Prisons was placed to the Colonial Engineer in 1848, and the prisoners were used for road and building construction. The Public Works Department retained this role until 1873, when the Prison Department was granted its own authority.
There were two separate Public Works Departments in Malaya until December 31, 1931. The Colonial Engineer of the Straits Settlements is responsible for the Straits Settlements whereas the Federated Malay States are under control of the Director of Works, Federated States and an Engineer is seconded to carry out duties for the Non-Federated Malay States.
On 1 January 1932 the two departments were merged into one Malayan Public Works Service based in Singapore with the names 'Director of Works, Straits Settlements' and 'Malay State Works Advisor'.
On the same date, the hydraulic branch of the Federated States of the Public Works Department was made a separate department called the Drainage and Irrigation Service headed by the 'Director of Drainage and Irrigation, Straits Settlements and Advisor for Drainage and Irrigation, Malay States'.
The Colonial Engineers who have been in charge of the Public Works Department since the colony was taken over from the Indian Government (Straits Settlements (SS) - Malacca, Penang and Singapore) are:
The PWD of the Federated Malay States, FMS (Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan) was established
Both the SS and FMS Departments were consolidated into one (1) Malayan Public Works service based in Singapore with the name of Director of Public Works, SS and Advisor on Public Works, Malay States.
Malayan Union
Director of Public Works Department of Federation of Malaya (Consists of 11 states in Malaya - 9 Malay States and 2 British settlements of Penang and Malacca):
After the Formation of Malaysia
The JKR's Building Sectors is responsible for building and maintaining government buildings in Malaysia such as public government offices, schools, hospitals, police and army facilities etc. It consists of:-
The JKR's Infrastructure Sectors is responsible for building and maintaining roads Malaysia such as federal roads, state roads, bridges, slopes and interchanges as well as building airport, maritime and railway in Malaysia. It consists of:-
The Specialist Sectors undertakes any pre-contract activities especially during project development stage in term of In-House design, geotechnical design and consultancy design services. Expert Sectors also embarks in providing professional services such as structural integrity and building safety assessment. It consists of:-
The Management Sectors functions to develop strategic plan on project monitoring and reporting. The branch is also provides support services of the department in terms of human resource management and enhances the competencies of officers through human resource development. The core function of this sector is to support the Infrastructure, Building and Specialist Sector in achieving quality development and maintenance of infrastructure with geotechnical and structural investigation work as well as laboratory services for quality control testing, verification and validation. It consists of:-