davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Pala (folk art)

Pala is a cultural folk ballad form of Odisha, derived from Sanskrit and Odia literature. It is performed by a group of five or six people, consisting of a 'gayaka' (main singer), a 'bayaka' (drummer), and a 'palia' (chorus). The gayaka has a 'chamara' (fly-whisk) in his left hand, which he flourishes, and a pair of cymbals in his right hand. He narrates episodes from Puranic texts, punctuated with explanations. The chorus dance in small rhythmical steps along with the gayaka.
Pala is found in Sarala Das's Mahabharata.
The Pala generally performed on the occasion of Ekousia (21st day of the birth of a child, when the naming ceremony is observed) or 'Satyanarayana puja'. There are two forms of Pala, both are associated with the worship of lord Satyanarayana. They are 'Baithaki' (sitting) and 'Thia' (standing).
Sometimes, especially on the occasion of ritual festivals, competition of two or more groups are also arranged in which all the groups try their best to prove their moments. Thus, the singing gets elongated for several nights. As Pala in odisha dwells on ancient literature, a Pala singer is required to be a man well versed in Sanskrit and in odiya literature. The Pala singers commands the language of Sanskrit in at sharp and clear voice.
Rajasthan Day

Rajasthan Day, also known as the Foundation Day of Rajasthan is celebrated annually on 30 March. On this day, many cultural activities transpire in Rajasthan's capital Jaipur, and at every district headquarters in Rajasthan. On March 30, 1949 the princely states of Jodhpur, Jaipur, Jaisalmer and Bikaner were merged to form the Greater Rajasthan Union. The has been celebrated on that day ever since.
Rajasthan was earlier known as Rajputana and was formed by merging 19 princely states and was named "Rajasthan", literally "place of kings" because many kings and emperors ruled there before independence. The integration of Rajasthan took place in 7 phases:
On this day many programs are organized by Rajasthan Tourism Department. The main center of these programs is Jaipur.
The Food and Craft fair takes place at Shilp Gram in Jawahar Kala Kendra. The fair offers an opportunity for attendees to experience Rajasthan’s culinary traditions, accompanied by folk performances. The food items represent regions of Rajasthan, including Mewar, Marwar, Dhundhar, Hadoti, and Brij.
The Craft bazaar showcases handicrafts, art forms, prints and textiles, pottery items, embroidered fabrics, intricately designed carpets, and metal and wood works from various regions of Rajasthan. They are a major attraction for visitors and residents.
The Chari dance and Puppet show are held at Jal Mahal. Tribal dance and folk song performances take place at Albert Hall. Ravan Hatta and Khartal Vadan are performed at Amber Fort. Artists from various parts of the country participate in these cultural performances.
Rajasthan International Folk Festival

Rajasthan International Folk Festival (or Jodhpur RIFF or Jodhpur folk festival) is an annual music and art festival organized to promote traditional folk music and arts held at Mehrangarh Fort, Jodhpur, Rajasthan.
The festival was first organized as a not-for-profit partnership between Mehrangarh Museum Trust and Jaipur Virasat Foundation in October 2007. The festival is timed to match the time of the brightest full moon of the year (which in Northern India is known as Sharad Purnima). The chief patron of the festival is Maharaja Gaj Singh. The festival is organized in and around Mehrangarh Fort.
The festival is planned to provide an open stage to all folk artists and musicians from India as well as from the globe. Around 250 musicians and artists from Rajasthan and elsewhere attend this festival.
The festival is supported by UNESCO as a "People's Platform for Creativity and Sustainable Development". In 2012 and 2013, Songlines regarded RIFF as one of the best 25 international festivals.
The theme of 2013 edition of the festival was the ancient history of the Mehrangarh Fort which was selected as Asia's best fortress by Time. The year's featured performances include Afghani rubab player Daud Khan Sadozai, sessions on the culture of Manganiar of Marwar, the Rajasthani artists with Dilshad Khan, and Manu Chao.
Jodhpur RIFF celebrated its ninth edition from 23 to 27 October. This year Grammy Award winners Wouter Kellerman and Yossi Fine performed their music.
Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute

Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute is an organisation established by Government of Rajasthan to promote Rajasthani culture and heritage and to accumulate and maintain the old Rajansthani folk art work and folk literature. It was established in 1954 under guidance of Muni Jinvijayaji, a member of the Royal Asiatic Society. Dr. Rajendra Prasad laid foundation stone in 1955 and it opened on 14 September 1958. The institute's headquarters is in Jodhpur.
The institute has got a fine art gallery with a wide collection of miniature paintings of Rajasthan. The collection also includes some calligraphy and manuscripts like Samput Phalak and Gandika. The library has a wide collection of old books and journals.
jodhpur district
Kilusang Pandaigdig ng Krus na Pula at Gasuklay na Pula

Ang Kilusang Pandaigdig ng Krus na Pula at Gasuklay na Pula (Ingles: International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement) ay isang pandaigdigang kilusang humanitaryo na may 97 milyong boluntaryo sa buong mundo kung saan ang kanilang misyon ay ipagsanggalang ang buhay at kalusugan ng tao, na siguraduhin ang respeto para sa tao, at hadlangan at lunasin ang pagdurusang pantao, nang walang diskriminasyon batay sa nasyonalidad, lahi, pananampalataya, klaseng panlipunan o opinyong pampolitika.
Sumibol ang ideya ng pagkakaroon ng kilusan o samahan ng Krus na Pula mula sa Suwisong bangkerong si Henri Dunant, pagkaraang masaksihan ni Dunant ang paghihirap na dinanas ng mga sugatang kawal sa Labanan ng Solferino sa pagitan ng mga Austriano at ng mga Pranses, na naganap sa Hilagang Italya noong 1859. Nagsulat si Dunant ng isang aklat hinggil sa labanan at nagmungkahi ng isang samahan sa bawat isang bansa na tutulong sa mga sundalong sugatan. Kaya't noong 1863, naganap ang isang pagpupulong sa Ginebra, Suwisa na nagbunga sa pagkakaroon ng unang mga samahan ng Krus na Pula.
Sa kasalukuyan, nagsasagawa ng gampanin ang Krus na Pula sa buong mundo, katulad ng pagbibigay ng pagbibigay ng paunang tulong o tulong pang-emerhensiya sa panahon ng mga sakuna, pagtulong sa mga bilanggo ng digmaan, at pagpapatakbo ng mga programang pangkawanggawa.
Naging sagisag ng kilusan ang isang krus na pula na nasa ibabaw ng isang puting panlikod. Sa mga bansang Muslim, ginagamit ang gasuklay na pula, sa halip na krus na pula. Iginagalang ng lahat ng mga bansa o nasyon ang mga sagisag na ito.
Dagat Pula

Ang Dagat Pula (Ingles: Red Sea) ay unang tumukoy sa serye o sunud-sunod na mga lawa at latiang nasa pagitan ng ulo ng Golpo ng Suez at ng Mediteraneo. Ginamit din ito dati bilang designasyon o katawagan para sa mismong Golpo ng Suez, at maging para sa Golpo ng Aqaba.
Isa ang Dagat Pula sa apat na mga dagat na pinangalanan mula sa mga kulay— ang iba pa ay ang Dagat Itim, ang Dagat Puti, at ang Dagat Dilaw.
Ang salitang Hebreo na Yam Suph (sa Aklat ng Exodo ng Bibliya at iba pang talata) (Hebreo: ים סוף, literal na 'Dagat ng mga Caña' (Ingles: Reed Sea) ay inugnay sa ugat ng wikang Sinaunang Ehipsiyo na ḥ-ḥ na tumutukoy sa tubig at dagat halimbawa sa mga pangalan ng mga diyos na Ogdoad na sina Heh at Hauhet. Ang pag-uugnay ng Dagat Pula sa Yum Suph ay mula sa salin nito sa Septuagint na saling Griyego noong ika-3 siglo BCE ng Hebreong Yam Suph nito sa orihinal na wika. Sa Septuagint, ito ay isinalin na Eythra Thalassa(Ερυθρὰ Θάλασσα) o Dagat Pula. Ang ilamg mga heograpyo ay tumawag sa Dagat Pula na Golpo ng Arabia at Dagat ng Mecca.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Heograpiya at Bibliya ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Humuhugong na bubuyog

Ang humuhugong na bubuyog o umuugong na bubuyog (Ingles: bumblebee o bumble bee, nangangahulugan ang bumble, bigkas: /bam-bol/, na "humuhugong") ay ang anumang kasaping bubuyog na nasa saring Bombus, na nasa pamilyang Apidae. Mayroong mahigit sa 250 nakikilalang mga uri, na pangunahing umiiral sa Hilagang Hemispero.
Makalipunang mga kulisap ang mga bubuyog na humuhugong o bubuyog na umuugong na natatangi dahil sa mga guhit na itim at dilaw na nasa buhok ng kanilang mga katawan, bagaman mayroon ding mga uri may narangha o pula sa ibabaw ng kanilang mga katawan, o maaaring kabuoang itim lamang. Isa pang kapunapunang katangian (ngunit hindi natatangi) ang malambot na buhok (mahabang may sangang setae), o himulmol, na tumatakip sa buong katawan, na nakapagpapalitaw at nakapagpapadamang parang kalat-kalat na mga hibla. Pinakamaitatangi ang mga humuhugong na bubuyog mula sa katulad na malalaki at mabalahibong mga bubuyog sa pamamagitan ng anyo ng panliko na hita ng babaeng bubuyog na humuhugong, na mayroong basket ng polen o korbikula; ginagamit ang isang makintab na kapatagang hubad, ngunit napapaligiran ng lamuymoy ng mga buhok upang mailipat ang mga polen (dulo ng bulaklak); sa katulad na mga bubuyog, mabuhok ang kabuoan ng hitang panlikod, at kumakalang ang mga grano o butil ng polen paloob sa mga buhok upang madala.
Katulad ng kanilang mga kamag-anak na bubuyog na pukyutan, kumakain ng nektar ang mga humuhugong na bubuyog at naghahakot ng mga polen upang mapakain sa kanilang mga anak.
Di tulad ng pukyutan, hindi gumagawa ang humuhugong na bubuyog mismo ng pugad, pero ang reyna, paghanap ng bagay na lugar, ay gagamit ng isang butas na umiiral na.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Kulisap ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Pilak

Ang Pilak o kulay abong metal ay isang kulay tono na kahawig ng kulay-abo na ay isang representasyon ng kulay ng pinakintab na pilak.
Ang mga visual na pang-amoy ay karaniwang nauugnay sa ang metal pilak ay ang metal shine. Ito ay hindi maaaring muling ginawa sa pamamagitan ng isang simpleng solid na kulay, dahil ang makintab epekto ay dahil sa ang materyal ng iba ' t ibang liwanag sa ibabaw anggulo upang ang liwanag na pinagmulan. Sa karagdagan, doon ay walang mekanismo para sa pagpapakita ng mga metal o fluorescent kulay sa isang kompyuter nang walang resorting sa pag-render ng software na simulates ang pagkilos ng liwanag sa isang makintab ibabaw. Dahil dito, sa sining at sa heraldry isang normal na gumamit ng isang metal pintura na kumikinang tulad ng mga tunay na pilak. Isang matte na kulay-abo na kulay ay maaari ring gamitin upang kumatawan sa pilak kulay.
Ang unang naitala na paggamit ng pilak bilang isang kulay ng pangalan sa Ingles ay noong 1481. Sa heraldry, ang salita pilak ay ginamit, nagmula mula sa Latin argentum sa paglipas ng Medyebal pranses pilak.
Maputla pilak ay maputla ang tono ng kulay pilak na tinatawag na silver sa Crayola crayons.
Silver ay isang kulay ng Crayola dahil sa 1903.
Crayola pilak ay hindi isang neutral na grayscale kulay, ngunit sa halip ng isang mainit-init na kulay-abo na may isang napaka-bahagyang mabahiran ng kulay kahel na-pula.
Armeno

Ang Armeno (Piamontes at Lombardo: Armagn) ay isang comune (komuna o munisipalidad) sa Lalawigan ng Novara, rehiyon ng Piamonte, Hilagang Italya, na matatagpuan mga 100 kilometro (62 mi) hilagang-silangan ng Turin at mga 45 kilometro (28 mi) hilagang-kanluran ng Novara.
Ang Armeno ay may hangganan sa mga sumusunod na munisipalidad: Ameno, Brovello-Carpugnino, Colazza, Gignese, Massino Visconti, Miasino, Nebbiuno, Omegna, Pettenasco, at Pisano.
Ang teritoryo ay maburol-bundok at tumataas hanggang sa halos 1400 m sa ibabaw ng antas ng dagat, sa mga dalisdis ng Mottarone. Ang Daang Panlalawigan 41 ay nagsisimula sa Armeno at ito ang pangunahing daan patungo sa tuktok (walang toll).
Ang koponan ng futbol ay A.C. Armeno 1971 Football player na naglalaro sa Ikalawang Kategoryang Piamontes at Valle d'Aosta grupong A. Itinatag oto noong 1971. Ang mga kulay ng club na ito ay pula at puti ng garnet.
Padron:Lago d'Orta
Siling haba

Ang siling haba o siling mahaba (tinatawag ding siling pangsigang at siling Tagalog), ay isa sa 2 karaniwang uri ng sili na likas na matatagpuan sa Pilipinas, ang isa ay ang siling labuyo.
Ang bunga ng siling haba ay lumalaki ng 5 hanggang 7 sentimetro ang haba, at kulay matingkad na berde. Bagaman may taglay na anghang, ito ay katamtaman lang at mas kaunti ang pagka-anghang kumpara sa siling labuyo.
Ang siling haba ay karaniwang isinasangkap sa mga lutuing Pinoy, na pinapaanghang ang mga ulam gaya ng sinigang, dinuguan, pinangat, kilawin, paksiw, at sisig.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Kayena

Ang siling kayena (Cayenne pepper) — tinatawag ding Guinea spice, cow-horn pepper, aleva, bird pepper, o pulang paminta (red pepper) pag pinulbos — ay isang siling maanghang, kulay pula kapag hinog na ngunit maaari ring kainin habang kulay berde pa. Isa itong kultibar ng Capsicum annuum, na kamag-anak ng siling kampana, halapenyo, paprika at iba pa. Ang saring Capsicum ay kabilang sa pamilya ng halamang nightshade (Solanaceae).
Ipinangalan ang siling ito sa lungsod ng Cayenne sa French Guiana.
Karaniwang pinapatuyo ang siling ito at dinudurog, o kaya'y minamasa at niluluto sa hurno, saka dudurugin at sinasala para maging pinulbos na pampalasa na tinatawag din sa parehong pangalan. Ginagamit ang siling itong pampaanghang sa mga lutuin, buo man o pulbos (gaya sa lutuing Koreano, Sichuan at iba pang lutuing Asyano). May sukat itong mula 30,000 hanggang 50,000 yunit sa Scoville scale, mas mababa ang anghang kumpara sa siling labuyo. Ginagamit din ito bilang halamang gamot, nabanggit pa nga ito ng botanikong Ingles na si Nicholas Culpeper sa kanyang librong Complete Herbal (1653), bilang "guinea pepper". isang maling tawag sa "guiana pepper".
Dumating sa Kanlurang Mundo ang kayena mula sa Indiya noong 1548. Dating nakikilala ito bilang siling Ginnie o pamintang Ginnie (Ginnie pepper sa Ingles). Dating ginagamit ito, batay sa mungkahi ni Gerard, na panlunas para sa Iskropula o "Kasamaan ng Hari" ("Kabuktutan ng Hari", King's Evil sa Ingles), na isang impeksiyong limpatiko sa lalamunan at sa balat. Noong ika-19 daang taon, ginagamit din ng mga pisyomedikalista ang kayena para sa mga panlalamig o ginaw, rayuma, at panlulumo, dahil sa katangian nitong nakapagpapainit.
Isang mabisang pampasigla ng buong katawan ang kayena. Nakapagpapataas ito ng daloy ng dugo, nakapagpapasigla ng sistemang nerbyos, nakapagpapagana sa pagkain, nakatatanggal ng indihestiyon o impatso, nakapagpapasigla ng mga enerhiyang yang, at nakapanghihikayat ng pagpapawis. Bilang antibakteryal, mainam ito para sa mga may sipon at panlalamig o ginaw. Mainam ito para sa mga suliraning panglalamunan, katulad ng tonsilitis, laringhitis, at pagkamalat. May makabagong mga pananaliksik na nagpapakitang nakapagpapaampat ito ng hapding nararanasan sa buni (herpes zoster) at mga megrima (migranya) o matinding pananakit ng ulo.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Halaman ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Siling Thai

Ang Siling bird's eye (Bird's eye chili) o siling Thai (Biyetnames: Ớt hiểm, Thai: พริกขี้หนู, RTGS: phrik khi nu, IPA: [pʰrík kʰîː nǔː], literal na kahulugan: Siling dumi ng daga; Indones: Cabai rawit; Malay: Cili api or Cili padi) ay isang uring kultibar ng siling mula sa espesyang Capsicum annuum, na karaniwang matatagpuan sa Timog-silangang Asya. Ito ay kadalasang napagkakamalang siling labuyo (Capsicum frutescens) dahil sa pagkakahawig nito, subalit ang totoo ang dalawang ito ay magkaibang uri. Ang siling bird's eye ay matatagpuan din sa India, sa Meghalaya at Kerela; ito ay ginagamit sa tradisyunal na lutuing Kerala (sa Malayalam tinatawag itong kanthari mulagu Malayalam: കാന്താരി മുളക്). Tinatawag naman itong jal·ik meseki ng mga Garo sa Meghalaya (jal·ik = sili; meseki = dumi ng daga). Matatagpuan din ang siling ito sa mga rural na bahagi ng Sri Lanka (kilala sa tawag na කොච්චි (kochchi) sa wikang Sinhalese), na kung saan ginagamit itong panghalili sa mga siling berde. Isa rin itong pangunahing sangkap sa kochchi sambal, isang ensaladang gawa sa kinayod na niyog, dinurog na siling bird's eye at tinimplahan ng asin at katas ng dayap. Malawak ang gamit ng siling ito sa mga lutuing Thai, Lao, Khmer at Vietnamese.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Lumpiya

Ang lumpiya, lumpia o lumpya Ingles: spring rolls, egg rolls) ay isang pagkaing unang pinasikat ng mga Tsino na sinahugan ng mga hiniwa-hiwang karne, gulay, hipon, at ibang mga lamang-dagat, na binalot sa pambalot na yari mula sa harina ng bigas. Kahawig ng lumpiya ng Pilipinas ang mga lumpiyang gawa ng mga Tsino, subalit manipis at naaaninag ang masang pambalot na ginagamit ng mga Pilipino. Pinagsanib sa lutuing ito ang mga katangiang galing mula sa Tsino at Pilipino. Tinatawag itong loempia sa Indonesia.
Ilan sa mga halimbawa nito ang lumpiyang Shanghai, lumpiyang ubod, lumpiyang sariwa, at lumpiyang gulay (Ingles: Lumpia, Pampango style o vegetable spring rolls)
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Miso

Ang miso (みそ o 味噌) ay isang uri ng sarsa na gawa mula sa pinaghalo at pinaasim (dumaan sa proseso ng permentasyon) na balatong at bigas.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Pagkain ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Bikol Ekspres

Ang Bikol Ekspres, na kilala sa katutubong Bikol bilang sinilihan, ay isang tanyag na lutuing Pilipino na pinasikat sa distrito ng Malate, Maynila ngunit ginawa sa tradisyonal na istilong Bikolano. Isa itong nilaga na gawa sa siling haba o siling labuyo, gata/katang gata, bagoong alamang o daing, sibuyas, karneng baboy, luya at bawang. Binansagan ang ulam ni Cely Kalaw, isang residente ng Laguna resident, noong isang kompetisyon sa pagluluto noong dekada 1970 sa Malate, Maynila. Nainspira ang pangalan nitong ulam ng Bicol Express na daambakal (Pambansang Daambakal ng Pilipinas) na tumakbo mula Tutuban, Maynila patungo sa Legazpi, Albay (sentro ng Kabikulan). Ang kilalang pangalan para sa ulam na ito sa Kabikulan sa Pilipinas ay gulay na may lada, na sa ngayon ay isa sa mga behetarianong uri ng Bikol Ekspres. Habang lumalaon, dumami ang mga uri ng Bikol Ekspres na nagkaroon ng pagkaing-dagat, karneng baka, pesketariano, behetariano, begano, at iba pang mga uri. Nag-iiba-iba ang paghahanda sa mga putaheng ito ayon sa karneng ginagamit sa putahe. Mayaman sa protina ang orihinal na uri ng Bikol Ekspres, ngunit masama sa katawan dahil mataas ang saturated fat at kolesterol nito. Nagsimula na ang pagpoproseso at komersyal na produksyon nito para mas madali itong ibenta at maiimbak din ito nang mas matagal.
Pormal na binansagan ang Bikol Ekspres ni Cely Kalaw, na taga-Laguna, bilang resulta ng kanyang karanasan sa kompetisyon sa pagluluto sa dekada 1970 sa Malate, Maynila. Inilikha niya ang bagong ulam na ito bilang tugon sa matinding kagustuhan ng kanyang mga suki para sa isang maanghang at mainit na ulam na gawa sa gabi. Habang sinusubukang maghanap ng pangalan para sa ulam, narinig ng kapatid ni Kalaw ang tunog ng Pambansang Daambakal ng Pilipinas na dumaan sa restawran ni Kalaw para dumating sa Maynila. Nagbigay-inspirasyon ang kaganapang ito para pangalanang 'Bicol Express' ni Kalaw ang ulam batay sa tren ng PNR na pinogramang dumaan sa rutang Maynila-Legazpi.
Pikadilyo

Ang pikadilyo (Kastila: picadillo; Ingles: minced meat dish) ay isang lutuing Pilipino na may sabaw at sinahugan ng giniling na karne ng baboy, baka o manok at ng mga hiniwa-hiwang maliliit na parisukat na patatas, sayote o upo.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Pagkain, Pilipinas at Mehiko ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Okoy

Ang okoy o ukoy ay isang uri ng katutubong pagkaing Pilipino na niluto sa mantika. Kabilang sa mga sangkap nito ang hipon (partikular ang maliliit na hipon na tinatawag na hibe), toge, harina, harina ng bigas, na may sawsawang suka at bawang. Ang okoy ay isang uri ding ng pagkaing Tsino. Kabilang sa mga sangkap ng okoy na Tsino ang hipon, karne ng baboy, toge, berdeng papaya, kalabasa at sinangag na kanin.
Kinakain ang okoy ng may kanin o wala, tuwing agahan, meryenda, o bilang pampagana. Nilalagyan din minsan ang putahe ng mga buto ng atsuwete para maging makinang na kulay kahel. Tinitinda din ito kadalasan sa kalye at tinuturing na street food o pagkaing kalye.
Maraming mga baryasyon ang okoy gamit ang iba't ibang sangkap kabilang ang pagpapalit sa hipon sa maliliit na isda o kalamares. Maaring gawa ang batido ng okoy sa regular na arina, arinang bigas, o halo ng itlog at gawgaw. Maaring tumukoy din ito sa mga torta na gawa sa minasang kalabasa o kamote, kasama o hindi kasama ang hipon.
Sang-ayon sa lingguwistang Pilipino na si Gloria Chan-Yap, mula ang pangalang okoy sa Hokkien na ō+kuè, na nangangahulugang "keyk na gawa mula sa gabi". Bagaman, magkaiba silang putahe. Gawa ang putaheng Hokkien sa buong-babad na prinitong taro at tinadtad na baboy, habang hindi gumagamit ang putaheng Pilipino ng ganoong sangkap. Ang pagkakatulad lamang ay pareho silang buong-babad na prinito at hugis-pankeyk.
Sa karaniwan resipi ng pagluluto ng okoy, kailangan ng galapong, hipon, toge, kalabasa, asin, paminta, at atsuwete. Pinaghalo-halo ang galapong, asin, paminta, at atsuwete para magkaroon ng batido o batter. Nilalagay ang batido sa mainit na kawaling may mantika. Tapos, nilalagay ang mga natitirang mga sangkap, ang toge, kalabasa at hipon sa ibabaw. Lalagyan uli ito ng batido para isang patong pa nito. Piniprito ang okoy hanggang maging ginuntuang kayumanggi ito na indisikasyon na luto na.
May iba't ibang baryasyon ang pagluluto ng okoy depende sa lugar o rehiyon na pinanggalingan.
Bokkeum

Bokkeum (Korean: 볶음) is a category of stir-fried dishes in Korean cuisine.
Bokkeum (볶음) is a verbal noun derived from the Korean verb bokkda (볶다), meaning "to cook food or food ingredients with little or a small amount of liquid by stir-frying over heat".
There are dry bokkeum varieties and wet (or moist) bokkeum varieties.
Orodha ya benki barani Afrika

Hii ni orodha ya baadhi ya benki za barani Afrika.
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Orodha ya Kaunti za Kenya kulingana na Viwango vya Umaskini

Hii ni Orodha ya Kaunti za Kenya kulingana na Viwango vya Umaskini kadiri ya Idara ya Takwimu ya Taifa ya Kenya kufikia 2024.
Kaunti ya Turkana ndiyo kaunti maskini zaidi ikiwa na kiwango cha umaskini cha 83.2% wakati Kaunti ya Nairobi ina kiwango cha chini cha umaskini cha 16.4%. Kiwango cha wastani cha Kenya kilikuwa 36.1%.
Wilaya ya Trans-Nzoia

Wilaya ya Trans-Nzoia ilikuwa wilaya mojawapo ya Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa wa Jamhuri ya Kenya hadi ilipopitishwa katiba mpya ya nchi (2010).
Makao makuu yalikuwa mjini Kitale.
Kwa sasa imekuwa kaunti ya Trans-Nzoia.
Iko katikati ya Mto Nzoia na Mlima Elgon.
Kihistoria, eneo hili limekuwa likikaliwa na Wakalenjin. Baada ya uhuru,mashamba mengi yaliyo wachwa na masetla wazungu yalinunuliwa na watu kutoka kundi la makabila mengine ya Kenya.
Wilaya hii ilikuwa na maeneo bunge matatu:
Wilaya ya Mto Tana

Wilaya ya Mto Tana ilikuwa wilaya mojawapo ya Mkoa wa Pwani, mashariki mwa Jamhuri ya Kenya, hadi ilipopitishwa katiba mpya ya nchi (2010).
Makao makuu yalikuwa mjini Hola (wakati mwingine hujulikana kama Galole).
Kwa sasa imekuwa kaunti ya Tana River. Jina lake limetokana na Mto Tana.
Ilikuwa na ukubwa wa eneo wa kilomita mraba 38,446 na wakazi 180,901 kulingana na sensa ya 1999. Kabila kuu ni Wapokomo, ambao wengi ni wakulima, na Waorma na Wawardey, ambao hutegemea ufugaji wa kuhamahama.
Kwa jumla, wilaya hii ni kavu na huwa na ukame. Mvua si za hakika, msimu wa mvua huja miezi za Machi-Mei na Oktoba-Desemba. Kumekuwa na migogoro kati ya wakulima na wafugaji wahamaji juu ya maji. Mafuriko pia ni tatizo la kawaida, yakisababishwa na mvua nzito katika maeneo ya juu ya Mto Tana.
Utafiti wa hivi karibuni ulioandaliwa na ALMRP, Wilaya ya Mto Tana na kukabidhiwa kwa Kamati ya Maendeleo ya Wilaya ya Tana River (2004), iligundua kuwa wilaya hii ina 79% ukosefu wa chakula na huku kiwango cha umaskini kikifika hadi 62% .
Wilaya ya Tana ilijumuisha maeneo kadhaa ya misitu, vichaka na mapori ambayo ni maeneo madogo ya makazi. Misitu huteuliwa kama Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ikiwa ina zaidi ya aina nne za mimea mikuu na zaidi ya aina saba za wanyama wakubwa (IUCN, 2003). Licha ya udhahiri wa maliasili ya kutosha, eneo hili bado limetengwa katika maeneo mengine ya nchi. Juhudi za maendeleo daima huzunguka eneo kubwa la Mto Tana, licha ya kutokuweko kwa mafanikio katika miradi ya awali ya kunyunyisha maji katika wilaya, yaani, miradi za kunyunyishia maji za Bura, Hola na mradi wa kukuza mpunga wa Tana delta ambao haukufanikiwa baada ya kuharibiwa na maji ya mvua za El Nino mwaka wa 1998.
Licha ya ukubwa wa wilaya ya Tana River, serikali ya mitaa yake ya kipekee ni Baraza ya Mji wa Tana River . Wilaya hii ina maeneo bunge matatu: Garsen, Galole na Bura.
Wilaya ya Trans Mara

Wilaya ya Trans Mara ilikuwa wilaya mojawapo ya Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa wa Jamhuri ya Kenya hadi ilipopitishwa katiba mpya ya nchi (2010). Iliundwa mwaka wa 1994 kutokana na Wilaya ya Narok.
Makao makuu yalikuwa mjini Kilgoris.
Kwa sasa imekuwa tena sehemu ya kaunti ya Narok.
Wilaya hii ilikuwa na jumla ya wakazi 170,591 (sensa ya 1999) na ukubwa wa eneo wa kilomita mraba 2,846 .
Mara Triangle (ambayo ni sehemu ya hifadhi ya Masai Mara) ilikuwa katika wilaya ya Trans-Mara.
Wilaya hii ilikuwa na serikali moja tu ya mtaa, Baraza la Mji wa Trans Mara.
Eneo Bunge la Kilgoris ndilo eneo bunge la pekee katika wilaya hii hadi leo.
Maskini

Maskini (kutoka neno la Kiarabu) ni mtu ambaye anatia huruma kwa sababu ni mlemavu, amapatwa na msiba mkubwa, au ana uwezo duni katika uchumi.
Mara nyingi mtu hutajwa kuwa maskini pale ambapo hana uwezo wa kumudu maisha yake kwa kupata mahitaji yake muhimu yaani makazi mazuri, mavazi mazuri na chakula kizuri.
Mtu maskini pengine huwa hana uhakika wa kula, uhakika wa kununua mavazi na uhakika wa kupata matibabu pale atakapoumwa.
Siirt

Siirt (Kikurdi:Sêrt), Kiarabu:سعرد) ni jina la mji uliopo mjini kusini-mashariki mwa nchi ya Uturuki na ndiyo mji mkuu wa Jimbo la Siirt. Mjini kwa Siirt kumechanganya wakazi kati ya Wakurdi, Waturuki, na Waarabu. Idadi ya wakazi jinsi ilivyohesabiwa hapo mwaka wa 2000 ilikuwa takriban watu 98,281 wanaoishi mjini hapa.
Ingawa mji bado unaonekana kama mmoja kati ya miji maskini katika Uturuki, lakini bado kuna watu wamejenga majumba ya kisasa, maduka, mabenki na mahoteli leo hii yanapatikana mjini hapa.
Benki ya Dunia

Benki ya Dunia ni taasisi ya kimataifa yenye shabaha ya kusaidia maendeleo ya nchi za dunia. Si benki ya kawaida. Inashirikiana na Umoja wa Mataifa na hasa Shirika la Fedha la Kimataifa lakini si chini ya UM moja kwa moja. Ni mali ya nchi wanachama 185 zinazopigia kura katika mikutano yake kulingana na thamani ya hisa zao katika rasilmali ya benki.
Benki ya Dunia ina matawi mawili ambayo ni
Taasisi za ziada ambamo kila nchi mwanachama inapaswa kuingia pia ni
Makao makuu yapo Washington DC nchini Marekani. Kikatiba mwenyekiti wa benki ni mtu wa Marekani.
Maazimio hufuata kura za wanachama zinazolingana na idadi ya hisa za nchi hizo katika rasilmali ya benki (kwa mabano: IFC). Nchi zenye kura nyingi ni:
(Hali ya mwaka 2004)
Benki (IBRD) inalenga kutoa mikopo kwa nchi zilizoendelea kiasi na pia nchi maskini zenye uwezo wa kulipia mikopo. Shirikisho la Maendeleo (IDA) inaangalia mahitaji ya nchi maskini kabisa.
Kwa jumla taasisi za Benki ya Dunia hutoa mikopo kwa riba ndogo au hata zisizo na riba halafu pia misaada zisizorudishwa kwa nchi maskini kwa kusudi la kujenga elimu, afya, barabara na mawasiliano.
Benki ilianzishwa mwaka 1945 baada ya Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia. Shabaha ilikuwa kusaidia nchi za Ulaya zilizoharibiwa katika vita. Mkopo wa kwanza wa milioni USD 250 ulitolewa kwa Ufaransa.
Kapedo

Kapedo is a trading center in the Turkana East sub-county of Turkana County, in Kenya's former Rift Valley Province. It is a 5-hour drive from Nakuru town.
Administratively, it is headed by a chief (National Government), to be assisted by a village administrator (recruited by the County Government of Turkana).
The village lies to the West of Mount Silale on the floor of the Great Rift Valley at the head of the Suguta Valley.
The Suguta River emanates from hot springs just east of the village, and is joined by the Suguta River flowing from the West and drains to the North.
The village, occupied by Turkana people, is in a hot semi-desert area. Most houses are semi-permanent, made of iron sheets on the roof and mud on the walls. There are also houses made of mud and palm leaves. However, due to the prospective LAPPSET, the village has a number of permanent houses.
Kapedo is a trading center with a few shops selling basic goods such as flour, tea, sugar and kerosene.
There is very little agricultural land, so the people mainly depend on raising goats, and sheep. Conflicts create risk in herding.
The village is home to four learning institutions: Kapedo Mixed Boarding Primary School, Kapedo Girls Primary School, Lomelo Primary and the Kapedo Mixed Secondary School, which was built by the late former MP Francis Ewoton Achuka in 2002 and has a staff of eight, mostly BOM teachers over 180 pupils. The capacity of the school is much higher but few students can afford even the modest fees.
As of 2011, the Kapedo Sub-County Hospital had 28 beds and four cots. It provided in-patient and out-patient services related to maternity, HIV and tuberculosis. Insecurity from the neighboring Pokot has rendered the facility an in-patient only and emergency cases are referred to Nakuru or Eldoret.
Kapedo has high potential but it is limited mostly due to the defunct hydro-electric power plant that has been desolate for years since the departure of the Finnish missionaries. The 'mission' coined for the Kapedo Mixed Primary School, Hospital, Full Gospel Church, the garage and the guest house were heavily hit after the redundancy of the HEP project.
Due to insecurity from the neighboring Pokot community from Tiaty sub-county in Baringo county, and being a border village, Kapedo is a host to a platoon of the General Service Unit and an Administration Police camp.
2. Tryon, Christian; Roach, Neil, & Amelia Logan
2008 The Middle Stone Age of the northern Kenyan Rift: age and context of new archaeological sites from the Kapedo Tuffs. Journal of Human Evolution 55:652-664. pdf
The BOMA Project

BOMA is a U.S. nonprofit organization and Kenyan NGO that works to provide poor women living in the arid and semi-arid lands of Northern Kenya with the educational, financial, and technological resources to lift themselves out of poverty. Its mission is to “empower women in the drylands of Africa to establish sustainable livelihoods, build resilient families, graduate from extreme poverty and catalyze change in their rural communities.”
Since 2009, The BOMA Project claims to have aided 26,614 women in starting new businesses and impacted 133,070 dependent children, also reporting their participants’ increased ability to afford food, school fees, and medical care. It aims to reach one million women and children by 2022.
In 2005, The Boma Project was founded by Kathleen Colson after she observed the exacerbating effects of climate change on poverty in Northern Kenya and proceeded to travel across the region with Ahmed “Kura” Omar to develop the Rural Entrepreneur Access Project (REAP).
The Rural Entrepreneur Access Project (REAP) is BOMA's two-year poverty graduation program, which uses a similar approach to a graduation model performed in six countries that was mostly considered by the New York Times as “enormously successful.” This program is implemented in the Marsabit and Samburu counties of Northern Kenya where the poverty rate was 71% in 2016 (25.8% higher than the national poverty rate) and where a series of climate change-induced droughts have occurred since 1992, culminating in the Kenyan government’s declaration of a national drought emergency in February 2017. As a result, the livelihoods of local pastoral communities (which largely depend on livestock) have been severely affected, leaving many in extreme poverty and food insecurity. REAP aims to empower the women of these vulnerable communities by helping them start sustainable businesses and establish savings groups to beat poverty and build resiliency against social, economic and climate shocks.
REAP consists of six steps
In 2013, the BOMA Project was a recipient of the UNFCCC’s Momentum for Change Lighthouse Activity Award. In 2015, The Boma Project passed ImpactMatters' impact audit. The Boma Project currently holds a Platinum rating on Guidestar.
According to a 2016 survey, BOMA participants saw their monthly incomes increase by 147%, their savings increased by 1,400%, and the number of children going to bed hungry declined by 63%. In addition, 92% of women graduated from extreme poverty and 97% of BOMA businesses are still in operation after a year.
The BOMA Project is funded by individual donors, foundations, and government agencies. Major corporate donors include Aid for Africa, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Boeing, Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Assets and Market Access, International Fund for Agricultural Development, the Mastercard Foundation, the Montpelier Foundation, the Mulago Foundation, the Peery Foundation, the Planet Wheeler Foundation, the Skees Family Foundation, the UK Department for International Development, the United States Agency for International Development, and the Vibrant Village Foundation.
Chelenge Van Rampelberg

Chelenge Van Rampelberg (born 1961) is a Kenyan sculptor who works with wood. She has been called Kenya's first female sculptor. She also has produced oil paintings.
Van Rampeberg was raised in the rural community of Kericho in the Rift Valley. She was exposed to wood and cutting wood from an early age, due to the necessity of gathering firewood from the forests near her home.
She did not receive a formal arts education until the early 1990s, when she attended a two-week workshop at Alliance Francaise about etching and woodcut printing. She has since also taken courses from Alliance Francaise, Gallery Watatu, and the Ngecha Artist Association.
After her three children started school, Van Rampelberg found herself with free time, which she decided to dedicate to art. She took up painting, but hid her pieces. Her husband, after seeing her paintings, encouraged her to try and have them exhibited. Van Rampelberg's first exhibition was in 1985. Her oil paintings are primarily narrative, drawing on stories and images from her childhood.
Van Rampelberg first began carving wood after an avocado tree fell outside her house and she decided to try sculpting the wood as a way to relieve stress. Her first sculpture, My Mum and I, is held by the Nairobi Contemporary Arts Institute as of 2024. She continued experimenting, and had carved three pieces she enjoyed within three months. Her sculptures are semi-abstract, and "[centre] heavily around women, their place in society, black beauty and gender inequality" as well as exploring religious themes.
In 1996, Van Rampelberg carved Adam and Eve, a piece consisting of two figures made out of ebony wood.
In 2013, Van Rampelberg was one of six artists included in an exhibition at the Nairobi National Museum celebrating 50 years of Kenyan independence, and she also had a solo exhibition in the One Off gallery at Rosslyn, near Nairobi. Several of her sculptures were bought that year by the Sankara Hotel at Westlands.
In 2014, Van Rampelberg was the artist in residence at the Lamu Painters Festival.
In 2020, Van Rampelberg was included as part of a German exhibition centering on work by Michael Armitage, who was a childhood friend of one of her children. The exhibition was also shown in London at the Royal Academy of Arts in 2021. In 2022, the exhibition moved to Nairobi under the name "Mwili, Akili na Roho", and was expanded with works by three additional artists.
In 2023, two of Van Rampelberg's sculptures were included in an exhibition by Alliance Francaise focusing on Kenyan women artists. In 2024, a retrospective of Van Rampelberg's work was held at the Nairobi Contemporary Arts Institute.
After finishing high school, Chelenge married French artist and furniture designer Marc Van Rampelberg in the early 1980s. The couple had three children.
Van Rampelberg's studio is in Tuala, Ongata Rongai, close to the southern part of Nairobi National Park.
Mathare Valley

Mathare Valley is a part of Mathare slum in Kenya. It is in the Nairobi area. Other informal settlements in the Nairobi area include Huruma, Kiambiu, Korogocho, Mukuru and Kibera. It has a high population density. It is a few kilometers from the centre of Nairobi. The Mathare River flows in the valley.
The Mathare Valley is one of the oldest and used to be one of the worst slum areas in Nairobi. People live in 6 ft. x 8 ft. shanties made of old tin and mud. There are no beds, no electricity, and no running water. People sleep on pieces of cardboard on the dirt floors of the shanties. There are public toilets shared by up to 100 people and residents have to pay to use them. Those who cannot afford to pay must use the alleys and ditches between the shanties. "Flying toilets" are plastic bags used by the residents at night, then thrown into the Nairobi River, which is the source of the residents' water supply.
Approximately 600,000 people live in an area of three square miles. Most live on an income of less than a US$1 per day. . Crime and HIV/AIDs are common. Many parents die of AIDS and leave their children to fend for themselves. Mathare Community Outreach tries to care for as many of these orphans as possible, but their resources are limited.
Religious and non-profit organizations are growing in the Mathare Valley. For example, the Missions Of Hope International (MOHI), Christs Hope Kenya and Compassion International educate tens of thousands of children in schools, using tools that address issues such as HIV, health issues, and the need for employment. Students' parents are educated regarding health issues and provided with opportunities for job training or microloans to facilitate job creation.
Chalybion

Chalybion is a genus of blue mud dauber wasps in the family Sphecidae. Chalybion species nest in a wide range of natural and artificial cavities such as holes in wood, walls, plant stems, etc., where they typically provision their brood cells with paralyzed spiders. They also reuse old nests of other wasps like Trypoxylon and Sceliphron.
There are 49 described species of Chalybion:
Data source: g = GBIF,
Tsuivan

Tsuivan (Mongolian: Цуйван) is a Mongolian noodle dish with meat and vegetables. It is one of Mongolia's most popular dishes.
There are two common ways to make the noodles. The first way is to roll the dough into a circle, oil the dough, roll the dough back onto itself, and steam it. After steaming, the cooked dough can be cut into strips. The other way is to roll the dough into a circle, fry it like a pancake, and then to cut it into strips.
These noodles are then added onto stir-fried meat (beef or mutton--mutton is more traditional) and vegetables (usually at the most basic carrots and onions). The noodles are often placed on top of the stir-fry with some water added, to soften the noodles with steam (in the case of the fried dough), or to cook them (in the case of undercooked steamed noodles).
The word tsuivan derives from the Chinese 炒餅 (chǎobǐng), literally "fried shredded pancake"
Seolleongtang

Seolleongtang (Korean: 설렁탕) or ox bone soup is a Korean tang (soup) made from ox bones (mostly leg bones), brisket and other cuts. Seasoning is generally done at the table according to personal taste by adding salt, ground black pepper, red pepper, minced garlic, or chopped spring onions. It is a local dish of Seoul.
Seolleongtang is typically simmered over a low flame over a period of several hours to an entire day, to allow the flavor to be gradually extracted from the bones. It has a milky off-white, cloudy appearance and is normally eaten together with rice and several side dishes; the rice is sometimes added directly to the soup.
In the Joseon dynasty, Koreans regularly made nationwide sacrifices to their ancestors, such as Dangun (the legendary founder of the kingdom of Gojoseon). The nationwide sacrifice was called Sŏnnongje (hangul: 선농제; hanja: 先農祭, Sŏnnong meaning "venerated farmer"), and the altar for the sacrifice was called Sŏnnong dan (hangul: 선농단; hanja: 先農壇), which dates back to the Silla Dynasty.
King Seongjong had visited the sacrifice himself, and had eaten a meal with the people of Joseon. To increase the food supply in Joseon, King Seongjong ordered them to invent dishes that could feed the maximum number of people using the fewest ingredients, and seonnongtang (tang meaning "soup") was one of these.
Another historical opinion precedes the Joseon dynasty concerning the origin of seolleongtang. According to this, the food was originated by the Mongolian invasion of Koryo during the 13th century. Mongolian food "Sulen" is sliced and boiled beef with green onions, which developed into seolleongtang in Korea.
Seonnongtang is now called seolleongtang for easier pronunciation. The phonetic values have changed as follows:
The first change is a consonant liquidization making the two "N" sounds into softer "L" sounds for easy pronunciation. The second change is a vowel harmonization of the "O" sound affected by the "Ŏ" sound.
Among common misbeliefs related to the dish, the name may come from its snowy white color and hearty taste, so seolleongtang was named "雪濃湯" in hanja (literally "snowy thick soup"). Therefore, several Korean dictionaries say that the hanja spelling such as 雪濃湯 is an incorrect usage for the dish. Nevertheless, the misspelling is used to refer to the soup in hanja.
The oldest extant restaurant in South Korea, Imun Seolnongtang, serves the dish. The restaurant's name contains an archaic spelling of "seollongtang".
Menemen (food)

Menemen is a popular traditional Turkish dish that includes eggs, tomato, green peppers, and spices such as ground black and red pepper cooked in olive oil.
Menemen may be made with onions, but the addition of onions is often debated and is more common when menemen is eaten as a main dish, rather than at breakfast. The dish is similar to Libyan dish shakshouka also found in other Arab countries.
Menemen is commonly eaten for breakfast and served with bread. Its name originates from a small town in İzmir Province.
This dish is also similar to Hungarian Lecsó and Serbo-Croat Sataraš which might have descended from Menemen during the Ottoman imperial period.
The tomatoes are typically finely diced or may be grated. Grated and diced tomatoes can also be mixed together, depending on the cook's preferred texture. If onions are being used, they may be added to the pan with the green chili peppers and sautéed with heated butter or oil. Aleppo pepper may be added. The addition of onions is often debated and is more common when menemen is not eaten at breakfast but as a main dish. Some Turkish cooks like Saniye Anne insist that a proper menemen cannot be made without onions. In 2018, Turkish food critic Vedat Milor [fr] launched a Twitter poll to resolve the discussion about onion within menemen. The poll became widely popular, with 437,657 people voting. The vote proved inconclusive, as the onion faction only had a narrow victory, with 51% of the vote.
Sucuk, a dried salami-like sausage, can be added to the pan after the peppers have softened. This adds some flavor to the oil; the sucuk can be removed from the pan before the tomatoes are added to avoid overcooking, but this is not necessary. The tomatoes become very soft and the mix not be too watery when the eggs are added. The eggs may be beaten together with salt, pepper and any desired fresh herbs or added directly to the pan. If pastırma is being used, it is added to the pan with the eggs. Kaşar cheese or white cheese may optionally be added on top of the eggs just before they finish cooking, along with a garnish of fresh herbs or scallions. It is usually served in the pan in which it is cooked, a double-handled cooking pan known as sahan, together with fresh bread.
Some variations may include mushrooms or minced lamb. Different spices may be added according to taste including cumin, paprika, mint, and thyme.