davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Subterranean fiction

Subterranean fiction is a subgenre of speculative fiction, which focuses on fictional underground settings, sometimes at the center of the Earth or otherwise deep below the surface. The genre is based on, and has in turn influenced, the Hollow Earth theory. The earliest works in the genre were Enlightenment-era philosophical or allegorical works, in which the underground setting was often largely incidental. In the late 19th century, however, more pseudoscientific or proto-science-fictional motifs gained prevalence. Common themes have included a depiction of the underground world as more primitive than the surface, either culturally, technologically or biologically, or in some combination thereof. The former cases usually see the setting used as a venue for sword-and-sorcery fiction, while the latter often features cryptids or creatures extinct on the surface, such as dinosaurs or archaic humans. A less frequent theme has the underground world much more technologically advanced than the surface one, typically either as the refugium of a lost civilization, or (more rarely) as a secret base for space aliens.
Subsurface fiction may also be set on other planetary bodies:
Art of Movement

Art of Movement (AOM) is a Seattle-based b-boy crew founded in 2002 by brothers Junior and Tony Orduna. The crew received attention due to member Jay Park's popularity as a singer and rapper. Cha Cha Malone is a producer and composer, and works closely with Jay Park, and Dial Tone won R-16 Korea in 2012 with Massive Monkees, another Seattle-based b-boy crew. The crew has appeared on numerous nationally-broadcast TV shows in South Korea, performed worldwide, and appeared in many music videos, exposing the b-boy culture to a wide variety of people.
Art of Movement (AOM) started as an idea between brothers Junior Orduna & Tony Orduna in 2000. Along with a few friends, they danced for fun in middle school, and by 2002, AOM became an official crew consisting of a handful of members. After the Orduna brothers relocated to north Seattle, they were introduced to other dancers. In 2003, AOM saw the addition of Jay Park, Chase Malone (Cha Cha Malone), Leng Phe (Phé La Roc), Gil, Neil, and Bao, Chico (Ace Chico) and Daniel Jerome (StepRoc). Over the years, members have pursued other endeavors, such as Jay Park, who went to South Korea in 2005, but have returned to work together, earning a reputation as one of the more respected crews to represent Seattle and the West Coast. The crew has travelled worldwide, performing at concerts in Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia, and participating in large b-boy battles, such as R-16 Korea, and have appeared on numerous TV shows in South Korea.
On April 2, 2013, AOM member Jay Park released a video titled "Art of Movement (2013)" on his YouTube channel. The video was filmed in March 2013, and edited by fellow AOM member Hep, showing the crew b-boying and posing on the banks of Puget Sound, with the Seattle Great Wheel in the background, in the crew's hometown of Seattle over the soundtrack of "Stop Me" by Mark Ronson.
The Torment of Saint Anthony

The Torment of Saint Anthony (or The Temptation of Saint Anthony, c. 1487–88) is a painting by Michelangelo, who painted this close copy of the famous engraving by Martin Schongauer when he was only 12 or 13 years old. Whether the painting is by Michelangelo is disputed. This painting is now in the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas. It shows the common medieval subject, included in the Golden Legend and other sources, of Saint Anthony (AD 251 – 356) being assailed in the desert by demons, whose temptations he resisted; the Temptation of St Anthony (or "Trial") is the more common name of the subject. But this composition apparently shows a later episode where St Anthony, normally flown about the desert supported by angels, was ambushed in mid-air by devils.
The painting was previously attributed to the workshop of Domenico Ghirlandaio, under whom Michelangelo had served his apprenticeship. Under that attribution it was bought at a Sotheby's auction in July 2008 by an American art dealer for US$2 million. When the export license was obtained that September, it was brought to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, where it was cleaned of discoloured varnish and later overpainting and closely examined for the first time. On the basis of stylistic hallmarks such as "emphatic cross hatching", it was decided that the painting was indeed by Michelangelo. It was soon bought by the Kimbell Art Museum for an undisclosed amount, believed to be in excess of $6 million. Though Giorgio Vasari states that Michelangelo painted a copy of Schongauer's print, experts disagree whether this is that painting.
Giorgio Vasari in his Lives of the Artists noted that Michelangelo had painted St. Anthony after a print by Schongauer, and Ascanio Condivi recorded that Michelangelo had gone to a market to draw fish scales, a feature not present in the original engraving. Besides this enhancement, Michelangelo also added a landscape below the figures, and altered the expression of the saint.
It is one of only four surviving panel paintings by Michelangelo, whom Vasari records as speaking disparagingly of oil painting in later life, and the only one, if the new attribution holds, from his adolescence. Schongauer's late-Gothic style is also in strong contrast with the rest of Michelangelo's oeuvre, even in his youth. The prints of Schongauer, just reaching the end of his short life when Michelangelo copied him, were widely distributed in Europe, including Italy.
Joaquin Luna

Joaquin Damaso Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta (December 11, 1864 – November 7, 1936) was a Filipino revolutionary and politician. He was a colonel during the Philippine Revolution, senator (1916–1919), governor of La Union (1904–1907), governor of Mountain Province (1916, 1920–1925), and representative of La Union's 1st District (1910–1916).
Joaquin Luna was born on December 11, 1864. Brother to painter Juan Luna, violinist Manuel Luna, and General Antonio Luna, his parents were Don Joaquin Luna de San Pedro y Posadas and Doña Laurena Novicio y Ancheta.
He was involved in the Philippine Revolution and served with the rank of colonel. Afterwards, he was La Union's representative to the Malolos Congress. La Union would later declare him as an adopted son years later. During the American occupation, he forwarded a collaborative stance and became associated with the group Asociacion de Paz as its treasurer that sought to establish cooperation with the colonizers by disengaging from anti-American revolt.
By 1904, he became governor of La Union and the representative of La Union's 1st legislative district during the 2nd and 3rd Philippine Legislature from 1910 until 1916.
When he was appointed governor of the Mountain Province in 1916, succeeding E.A. Eckman, he was the first Filipino to hold such position. In the same year, he became Senator for the 12th senatorial district for the 4th Philippine Legislature that included Baguio, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, and the then Department of Mindanao and Sulu.
Through the Act of the Philippine Legislature No. 2623 that he authored and introduced in the Congress, he created the Conservatory of Music in the University of the Philippines on February 4, 1916.
Luna died on November 7, 1936 in Mountain Province, Commonwealth of the Philippines at the age of 71.
Cristo Crucificado (Velázquez)

Cristo Crucificado é uma pintura de 1632 de Diego Velázquez representando a crucificação de Jesus. A obra, pintada a óleo sobre tela, mede 249 × 170 cm e pertence ao Museu do Prado.
Cristo tem os dois braços desenhados uma curva sutil, em vez de formar um triângulo. A tanga é pintada bem pequena, mostrando assim o corpo nu o máximo possível. A cabeça mostra uma auréola estreita, como se viesse da própria figura; o rosto está apoiado no peito, mostrando apenas o suficiente de suas características. Os cabelos longos e lisos cobrem grande parte do rosto, talvez prenunciando a morte, já infligida como mostra a ferida do lado direito. Faltam-lhe as qualidades dramáticas características da pintura barroca. A influência da pintura classicista é mostrada pela postura calma do corpo, pelo rosto idealizado e pela cabeça inclinada. Por outro lado, a influência do Caravaggismo pode ser vista no forte chiaroscuro entre o fundo e o corpo, e no forte relâmpago artificial sobre a cruz. O uso de luz e sombra por Velázquez cria a ideia de que o sujeito está se levantando das trevas, quase como se o corpo de Cristo estivesse emanando luz. O corpo anatomicamente proporcionado, apoiado por dois pés abertos separados, cria uma impressão de Cristo mais repousado do que morto.
Adoração da Trindade (Dürer)

Adoração da Trindade (também conhecido como Retábulo Landauer |(Alemão: Allerheiligenbild ou Landauer Altar) é uma pintura a óleo sobre painel do artista renascentista alemão Albrecht Dürer, executada em 1511 e atualmente no Kunsthistorisches Museum, Viena, Áustria.
A obra foi encomendada pelo rico comerciante Matthäus Landauer de Nuremberg para uma capela dedicada à Santíssima Trindade e a Todos os Santos na Zwölfbrüderhaus ('Casa dos Doze Irmãos'), que ele havia fundado com Erasmus Schiltkrot em 1501. A casa era uma instituição de caridade que podia abrigar até doze artesãos que não conseguiam se sustentar com seu trabalho; O próprio Landauer viveu aqui de 1510 até sua morte.
Isabel Carvalho

Isabel Carvalho (Porto, 1977) é uma artista, escritora e editora portuguesa a viver no Porto, distinguida com o Prémio Amadeo de Souza Cardoso.
Licenciada em Pintura (Faculdade de Belas Artes da Universidade do Porto), Mestre em Printmaking (Camberwell College of Arts — University of the Arts London ), Mestre em Design de Imagem (FBAUP) e Doutorada pela Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto.
O seu percurso artístico caracteriza-se por uma forte componente experimental, sustenta-se na investigação, principalmente no domínio da filosofia e da literatura, e desenvolve-se no cruzamento das artes com as ciências e o conhecimento especulativo. Nos seus projetos aborda recorrentemente questões relativas à materialidade subjacente à linguagem e extensíveis às formas expressivas não-verbais, procurando sensibilizar e desejando poder contribuir para a preservação de ecossistemas de sociabilização diversificados. O seu trabalho tem-se desenvolvido na íntima articulação entre as artes visuais, a escrita, a edição e a publicação de livros, grupo de expressões ou meios que, ao longo dos últimos anos, tem vindo a expandir para a escultura e para a ocupação do espaço tridimensional.
Expõe individual e coletivamente com regularidade, destacando-se, entre as mais recentes apresentações, as seguintes: Green Flames, Galeria Albarrán Bourdais (Madrid), Museu Mineiro, Galeria Quadrado Azul (Porto), Langages Tissés, Centre d’Arte Le Lait (Albi) e AR(a)C(hné)-EN-CIEL, Galeria Quadrado Azul (Lisboa), Strange Attractor, Pavilhão Branco (Lisboa) e Pés de barro, Galeria Municipal do Porto (Porto). Fez residências artísticas na Kusntlerhaus Bethanien, Berlim, Alemanha; Hangar, Barcelona, Espanha e Maaretta Jaukkuri Foundation, Lofoten, Noruega. Está representada em várias coleções públicas.
Em 2020 recebeu o prémio Amadeo de Souza Cardoso do Museu de Amarante.
Foi responsável pelo projeto Navio Vazio, um espaço de ocupação temporária de experimentação editorial a três dimensões. Em 2017, iniciou a revista Leonorana, da qual é autora e editora.
Impressão, nascer do sol

Impressão, nascer do sol (do francês: Impression, soleil levant) é a famosa pintura impressionista de Claude Monet, realizada em 1872. A pintura nasceu em Le Havre, porto francês representado na obra, com uma cerrada névoa sobre o estaleiro, os barcos e as chaminés no fundo da composição. A pintura em óleo sobre a tela está exposta no Museu Marmottan, em Paris.
Monet deu à pintura o nome de Impressão. O "nascer do sol", que segue o nome da obra, foi adicionado pelo autor do manual da exposição. A partir desta tela, nasceu o movimento impressionista. Se tornou conhecida quando estava presente em um show independente. Um grupo de artistas fora do Salão de Paris disponibilizou as obras ao atelier do fotógrafo Félix Nadar, em 1874, em uma fracassada exposição, abatida pela crítica, que traçou, inclusive, do próprio nome do quadro. Na exposição constavam igualmente obras de Boudin, Sisley, Degas e Renoir.
No quadro, consegue imaginar-se uma grelha (grade) por detrás da pintura, que Monet terá utilizado, sobre a qual, solidamente, são sobrepostas pinceladas de tinta sem grandes misturas, ou seja, as tintas originais.
A sobreposição de cores originais, cruas, sem misturas, é uma grande característica da técnica impressionista, continuada a partir do momento em que os espectadores e os artistas se deram conta de que conseguiam obter resultados mais próximos da realidade.
Embora fracassada, a exposição converteu alguns dos espectadores mais liberais a esta nova tendência, que viria, mais tarde, a resultar na Arte Moderna. Esta pintura rompeu com todos os padrões tidos até à altura e com as barreiras realistas que ainda sobressaiam. Como tal, a pintura marcou uma profunda revolução social, embora demorada.
A ideia principal dos pintores impressionistas é fazer com que a imagem pareça, quase que completamente, iluminada pelo sol. Para conseguir este efeito, o autor implica à sua tela pinceladas em tons mais claros (áreas iluminadas pelo sol) e tons mais escuros (áreas sombreadas).
Arte popular brasileira

A arte popular brasileira é uma forma de expressão artística que reflete as tradições, cultura e identidade do Brasil. Sejam esculturas, pinturas, artesanatos, rendas ou outras manifestações artísticas. Ela incorpora produções artísticas de relevância para identidade cultural do país, à medida que os artistas extraem inspiração de suas raízes regionais, retratando lendas, tradições e crenças que são reflexos à sua herança cultural. Representando a vida simples do interior do Brasil.
Os artistas populares brasileiros frequentemente utilizam materiais locais e disponíveis, como cerâmica, madeira, palha, tecido e outros elementos naturais. Isso confere autenticidade e originalidade às suas criações, que frequentemente aborda temas culturais, mitos, lendas, religiosidade e festividades locais.
Muitas vezes, os artistas não têm formação acadêmica em arte, o que lhes permite criar de forma espontânea e inovadora, sem a influência de convenções artísticas tradicionais. A influência das culturas africanas e indígenas é evidente, com elementos como a iconografia religiosa, a arte em argila e a utilização de padrões e cores vibrantes. Apesar da falta de formação acadêmica, as criações refletem a essência da sociedade brasileira. Elas têm ganhado reconhecimento entre intelectuais artísticos devido à sua estética e criatividade.
Na arte popular brasileira, é comum encontrar representações de temas recorrentes que abordam os aspectos fundamentais da vida. Isso inclui a representação dos sacramentos católicos, nascimentos, infância, festas culturais e casamentos.
Embora as cerimônias de casamento tenham passado por transformações significativas ao longo do tempo, influenciadas por diversos fatores culturais e religiosos, é notável que na arte popular brasileira essa tradição continue a ser representada com uma ênfase nos aspectos tradicionais e festivos de origem católica. As representações artísticas de casamentos na arte popular muitas vezes mantêm elementos que remontam a rituais antigos, incorporando ícones religiosos, como a imagem de santos e vínculos espirituais.
A presença de crianças nas artes não se limita apenas à participação em cenas, mas muitas vezes elas são o próprio foco central das obras. A diversidade e a quantidade de obras que retratam a infância possibilitam a recriação de um tempo em que a experiência infantil era mais lúdica, delicada e inocente, marcada por brincadeiras ao ar livre, histórias contadas ao redor de uma fogueira e aventuras exploratórias em meio à natureza. É um vislumbre de um passado em que a tecnologia digital, como computadores e celulares, ainda não tinha o papel predominante que desempenha na vida das crianças atualmente.
Tupi or not Tupi, that is the question

Tupi or not Tupi, that is the question (in the original spelling, Tupy or not Tupy, that is the question) is a pun present in the Anthropophagic Manifesto launched by the group of modernist artists gathered around Oswald de Andrade, who produced the Revista de Antropofagia (in English, Anthropophagy Magazine).
It is one of the most famous and quoted aphorisms from the Anthropophagic Manifesto, published in May 1928 by Andrade in the first issue of the Revista de Antropofagia. The Anthropophagic Manifesto is illustrated by the painting Abaporu, which Andrade had received as a gift from his partner, Tarsila do Amaral. Patrícia Galvão, also known as Pagu, Andrade's companion after Amaral, was also part of the group. The manifesto was published in "Piratininga, Year 374 of the Devouring of Bishop Sardinha."
Andrade's Tupi or not Tupi, that is the question had a profound impact on the way indigenous cultures were viewed in Brazil, radically placing them on the agenda of the nation.
Other phrases from the Anthropophagic Manifesto have also become famous, such as the opening lines:
Pat Nebo

Pat Nebo (died 14 September 2023) was a Nigerian production designer as well as an art director. He worked as the production designer in films including October 1, "76, Being Mrs Elliot and Okafor's Law. He also worked as a set designer in few films.
In 1993, he started his career as a production designer with the home movie Ti Oluwa Ni Ile. In the same year, he worked in the two sequels of Ti oluwa ni ile. In 2009, he made maiden cinema appearance with the film The Figurine where he acted as the 'Marriage Registrar'. However, he continued to work as the production designer in several films such as Araromire, Arugba, Alero's Symphony and Being Mrs Elliot.
Apart from production designing, he also worked as the art director in the films: The Figurine, Phone Swap, Half of a Yellow Sun and 76.
Pat Nebo died on 14 September 2023.
Cow's Skull: Red, White, and Blue

Cow's Skull: Red, White, and Blue is a painting by American artist Georgia O'Keeffe. It depicts a cow skull centered in front of what appears to be a cloth background. In the center of the background is a vertical black stripe, surrounded by two vertical stripes of white laced with blue. Outside are two vertical red stripes.
O'Keeffe created the 39 7/8 x 35 7/8-inch (101.3 x 91.1 cm) oil painting on canvas in 1931. Around that time, American artists sought themes for the "Great American Novel" or "Great American Story". It is part of the Alfred Stieglitz Collection (1952) of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
The Blue Rider (Kandinsky)

The Blue Rider (German: Der Blaue Reiter) is an oil painting executed in Bavaria in 1903 by the Russian emigré artist Wassily Kandinsky. It is now held in a private collection in Zürich, and shares its name with an almanac and the art movement he would co-found with Franz Marc in the early 1910s.
Kandinsky was born in Moscow in 1866, the only son of a tea merchant. When his parents divorced, he was sent to live with an aunt; it was there he first discovered the magic of colours. At university, he decided to study Economics and Law, passing his exams "with ease". Shortly after marrying his cousin, after seeing a painting in Monet's series Haystacks, he was faced with a dilemma to be either a professor, or to begin a career as an artist. He decided to learn painting, and thus, in 1896, the thirty-year-old went to Munich, Germany.
It depicts a horseman in a blue cloak galloping through a meadow on a white horse with a forest in the background. The painting represented an important milestone on Kandinsky's artistic transition from impressionism to modern abstract art, of which he was one of the pioneers. It was one of his last impressionist works and contains early signs of the abstractionism that would become his forte. The color blue in particular was to have a spiritual significance for the artist, as it did to his German painter friend Marc.
The other significance of the work is that it shared its German title (Der Blaue Reiter) with the name of the group of progressive artists co-founded by Kandinsky in 1911, which published an almanac and organised exhibitions of their work.
Professional Picture Framers Association

The Professional Picture Framers Association / PPFA is an international trade organization serving the art and framing community worldwide since 1971. Members include independent frame shop owners and staff, distributors and manufacturers of picture frame mouldings, supplies and equipment, art galleries, artists, and other businesses in the custom picture framing industry.
PPFA connects members to a network of knowledge and support, and offers education, an annual Convention, certification, competitions, marketing and business services, and member benefits.
The association is managed by Monarch Expositions.
PPFA offers two levels of certification:
Certified Picture Framer (CPF):
Any picture framer who has a minimum of one year of hands-on experience in retail or wholesale picture framing may apply for the certification. A person who passes the written/multiple choice exam, available online and the annual Convention, will receive the designation of Certified Picture Framer (CPF®). Visit the PPFA Website for more information Professional Picture Framers Association
Master Certified Picture Framer (MCPF)
A framer who has been a professional framer for five years, has passed the Certified Picture Framer (CPF) Exam, and has taken a Re-certification Course, is eligible to advance and earn the prestigious Master Certified Picture Framer (MCPF) designation, by a hands-on examination. Visit the PPFA Website for more information Professional Picture Framers Association
There are currently only about 70 Master Certified Picture Framers in the world.
PPFA offers a Scholarship to Members ready to earn either the CPF or MCPF Designation. Visit the PPFA Bookstore for more information PPFA | Professional Picture Framers Association
Re-certification courses and Continuing Education classes are offered at the Annual Convention.
The designations Certified Picture Framer, CPF and MCPF are all registered trademarks in the United States.
PPFA publishes the Guidelines for Framing Paintings on Canvas; Guidelines for Framing Works of Art on Paper; and Guidelines for Framing Textiles and Needleart; PPFA Comparative Standards for Matboard; PPFA Comparative Guidelines for Glazing; and the PPFA Art and Framing Glossary of Standard Terms. These publications, and many others as well as PPFA merchandise, are available in the PPFA online store. PPFA | Professional Picture Framers Association
The association has an annual convention each January in Las Vegas, Nevada at the West Coast Art & Frame Expo/The National Conference. The event includes the finals of the PPFA international PRINT and OPEN framing competition; PPFA education; certification exams and courses; and special events such as a keynote speaker and welcome reception.
PPFA hosts The Framers’ Corner Online forum Framers' Corner where custom framers can network with framers around the world, get technical assistance, share design ideas, get business and marketing tips, and more
Léo Kerlo

Léo Kerlo (1928-2006), bet kelenner war an istor hag an douaroniezh e lise Tristan Corbière e Montroulez, a oa dreist-holl istorour an arz.
Asambles gant René Le Bihan ha Jacqueline Duroc en doa skrivet pemp levr skeudennaouet-kaer diwar-benn livourien aodoù Breizh :
Roll oberennoù H. P. Lovecraft

Setu amañ listenn glok oberennoù ar skrivagner stadunanat Howard Phillips Lovecraft (1890-1937).
Petra bennak ma vez alies lakaet an oberennoù-mañ da genlabour e vez tabut war o statud ; boaz e vezer avat d'o lakaat da elfennoù Gwengel Cthulhu|Wengel Cthulhu]]. En e H.P. Lovecraft: A Comprehensive Bibliography, S. T. Joshi a skrivas :
Notenn : deiziadoù an aozañ eo a zo roet amañ ; n'int ket re an embann.
George Byron

George Gordon Byron (Londrez, 22 a viz Genver 1788 – Messolonghi, 19 a viz Ebrel 1824), anavezet ivez dindan an anv Lord Byron, a oa ur barzh romantel saoz. Unan eus barzhed vrudetañ e amzer e oa, dreist-holl gant e veurganoù. Rediet e voe da guitaat Bro-Saoz abalamour d'e vuhez revel gwallskouerius ha kemer a reas perzh e Brezel Dizalc'hidigezh Gres. Mervel a reas e Mesolongi tra ma priente argasadeg Naopaktos. Ur vugel ofisiel en doa bet, Ada Lovelace, a vez lakaet war-raok evel ar c'hentañ stlennegourez urzhiataer hervez he notennoù evit Analytical Engine Charles Babbage. Byron en deus bet bugale all met nann-ofisiel, en o zouez Allegra Byron, marvet pa oa bugel, marteze ivez Elizabeth Medora Leigh.
Kumuniezh kumunioù Gorre ar Vro Vigoudenn

Kumuniezh kumunioù Gorre ar Vro Vigoudenn a zo un etrekumuniezh e departamant Penn-ar-Bed, e Breizh. Ul lodenn eus Bro Gerne eo. Krouet e voe e 1993.
Kumuniezh kumunioù Gorre ar Vro Vigoudenn a ya 10 kumun d'ober anezhi:
Plozévet

Plozévet (Breton: Plozeved) is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France. Plozévet is twinned with the village of Hartland, Devon, UK.
Inhabitants of Plozévet are called in French Plozévetiens.
Plozevet is a seaside town located 24 km (15 mi) west of Quimper. Historically it belongs to Cornouaille and Pays Bigouden.
The municipality launched a linguistic plan concerning the Breton language through Ya d'ar brezhoneg on 23 November 2007.
In 2008, 17.70% of primary-school children attended bilingual schools.
Cloghane

An Clochán (anglicized as Cloghane; from clochán, a local type of dry-stone hut) is a Gaeltacht village and townland on the Dingle Peninsula of County Kerry, Ireland, at the foot of Mount Brandon. It is also part of a civil parish of the same name. In 1974 the village was added to the Corca Dhuibhne Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking region). It has a population of 297 (2011 Census).
Cloghane and Brandon (An Clochán agus Cé Bhréanainn) are jointly twinned with the village of Plozévet in Brittany (France). The village is set at the foot of Mount Brandon, on the north of the Dingle Peninsula and overlooking Brandon Bay. The village is on the Wild Atlantic Way tourism trail.
An Clochán was the subject of a controversial and influential anthropological study by Nancy Scheper-Hughes in the early 1970s, published as "Saints, Scholars and Schizophrenics: Mental Illness in Rural Ireland".
According to A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland by Samuel Lewis, the town's population stood at around 222 people in 1837.
Zero Kilometre Stone

The Zero Kilometre Stone is a 3 m high limestone sculpture in Budapest that represents Kilometre Zero in Hungary. It consists of a zero sign, with an inscription on its pedestal reading "KM" for kilometres. It was initially located at the threshold of Buda Royal Palace, but was moved to its present location by Széchenyi Chain Bridge when the crossing was completed in 1849.
The present sculpture is the work of Miklós Borsos and was erected in 1975. The first official monument, a Madonna statue by Eugene Kormendi had been set up at this spot in 1932, but was destroyed in World War II. A second sculpture, depicting a worker, was in place from 1953 until its replacement by the current one.
It is located in a small park at Clark Ádám tér (Adam Clark square), at the Buda abutment of Chain Bridge, below Buda Castle.
Ernest Wilson Memorial Garden

Ernest Wilson Memorial Garden is located at the north eastern edge of Chipping Campden in Gloucestershire, England, in an area of the High Street known as Leysbourne. The Ernest Wilson Memorial Garden is a small enclosed garden containing many different plants, in particular his study of Chinese and Japanese botanical specimens. The garden holds around 1,200 plants, most of which were introduced by Ernest Wilson himself.
The garden is open all year. Admission is free but donations are welcome using the donation box set in the wall at the entrance gate.
52°3′16.5″N 1°45′57.5″W﻿ / ﻿52.054583°N 1.765972°W﻿ / 52.054583; -1.765972
Lorrimore Square

Lorrimore Square is a 1.5-acre (0.6 ha) garden square in the far south-west of Southwark, London, England, centred 500 metres south-east of Kennington tube station. It is divided into four sections, a church with integrated drop-in centre; a small enclosed garden without paths; a public playground/gardens; and a basketball/netball pitch. One side of the square is classical architecture of four storeys, the other two sides — the fourth side marks the end of units on another road — are late 20th century rows of apartments of slightly lower height.
A 1681 map of Walworth made for Dean and Chapter of Canterbury Cathedral shows a wider common called "Lattam-more" (or Lower Moor); Lorrimore is a corruption of Lower Moor.
Lorrimore Square was hit by incendiary bombs during the London Blitz in World War II (in 1940) causing the first form of the church to burn down except for the steeple.
The current church was built in 1959–60. About half of the square is a public garden. The rest, from near its centre to the north-east, centre edge of the square — the square is laid out obliquely to the cardinal points of the compass — is St Paul's Church, flanked by a basketball/netball pitch accessible by local clubs and a small enclosed tree-studded garden with flowering shrubs. Together these internal contents, net of surrounding roads and buildings, occupy 1.5 acres (0.61 ha); the gross area (square development's estate), including facing rows of flats and a Victorian terrace with their yards behind is 3.7 acres (1.5 ha).
One side of the square is classical architecture of four storeys set behind black railings in the same way as most of the square, with basement gardens. The other two sides — the fourth side marks the end of units and forms another road which is unlike the rest of the square a motor vehicles thoroughfare, Chapter Road — are late 20th century rows of apartments of similar height.
The square is within the SE17 postcode district. The nearest tube station is Kennington, 500 m northwest, much closer than any other stations.
Pasley Park has a brief border with the north-west corner of the roads forming the square (not with the square itself) along that side which is named differently, as a continuous road, Chapter Road.
The eastern side of Lorrimore Square, Chapter Road is in the Sutherland Square Conservation Area. Southwark Council, the local council, regulates any planning and development that can take place in this area.
Along with smaller communal grounds in Lorrimore Road, Carter Street, Fleming Cottages, Churchwarden House, Greig Terrace and Forsyth Gardens, the square is the subject of the Surrey Gardens Tenants' and Residents' Association who, as leaseholders, hold most of the legal responsibilities for the park in Lorrimore Square.
51°29′5″N 0°6′4″W﻿ / ﻿51.48472°N 0.10111°W﻿ / 51.48472; -0.10111
Cornish hedge

A Cornish hedge is an ancient style of hedge built of stone and earth found in Cornwall, southwest England. Sometimes hedging plants or trees are planted on the hedge to increase its windbreaking height. A rich flora develops over the lifespan of a Cornish hedge. The Cornish hedge contributes to the distinctive field-pattern of the Cornish landscape, and form the county's largest semi-natural wildlife habitat.
The hedge is slightly wider at bottom than at the top, because of the large "grounder" stones at the base. The structure is very stable and will stand for a hundred years or more. The hedge has two stone faces with soil between the two walls. Bushes such as gorse may grow on the top, rooted in the soil between the walls. It is called a hedge because of its living component. A professional hedger can build about a metre of double-sided hedge in a day.
The archaeologist Francis Pryor observes:
There are about 30,000 miles (48,000 km) of hedges in Cornwall today, and their development over the centuries is preserved in their structure. The first Cornish hedges enclosed land for cereal crops during the Neolithic Age (4000–6000 years ago). Prehistoric farms were of about 5 to 10 hectares (12 to 25 acres), with fields about 0.1 hectares (0.25 acres) for hand cultivation.
Some hedges date from the Bronze and Iron Ages, 2000–4000 years ago, when Cornwall's traditional pattern of landscape became established. Others were built during the Mediaeval field rationalisations; more originated in the tin and copper industrial boom of the 18th and 19th centuries, when heaths and uplands were enclosed.
Cornish planning authorities have frequently made it a condition of approval of new developments that the site is bounded by newly made Cornish hedges.
Cornish hedges suffer from the effects of tree roots, burrowing rabbits, rain, wind, farm animals and people. Eventually the hedge sides lose their batter, bulge outwards and stones fall. How often repairs are needed depends on how well the hedge was built, its stone, and what has happened to it since it was last repaired. Typically a hedge needs a cycle of repair every 150 years or so, or less often if it is fenced.
Building new hedges, and repairing existing hedges, is a skilled craft, and there are professional hedgers in Cornwall. The Guild of Cornish Hedgers is the main body promoting the understanding of Cornish hedges in Cornwall.
Charles, at that time Prince of Wales, visited Boscastle on 15 July 2019 to commemorate the anniversary of the Cornwall AONB and to visit a local Cornish hedge restoration project. ‘Kerdroya: The Cornish Hedge Community Heritage Project’ is being carried out in partnership by Golden Tree Productions and the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).
Christ of the Abyss

Christ of the Abyss (Italian: Il Cristo degli Abissi) is a submerged bronze statue of Jesus Christ by Guido Galletti [it], the original cast of which is located in the Mediterranean Sea, off San Fruttuoso, between Camogli and Portofino on the Italian Riviera. Various other casts of the statue are located in other places worldwide, in underwater locations, churches and museums.
The original clay positive, minus the arms, was located in a foundry in 1993. The arms were later found and attached, but not the hands, which had to be replaced. The reconfigured clay sculpture is now on display at the National Museum of Underwater Activities in Ravenna, Italy.
The original bronze statue was placed in the Mediterranean Sea on 22 August 1954, at approximately 17 metres (56 ft) depth, and stands 2.5 metres (8 ft) tall. It was sculpted by Guido Galletti, based on an idea of Italian diving instructor Duilio Marcante [it]. The statue was placed near the spot where Dario Gonzatti, the first Italian to use SCUBA gear, died in 1947. It depicts Christ offering a benediction of peace, with his head and hands raised skyward. The statue was subsequently dedicated to the memory of Marcante.
Due to increasing amounts of corrosion and the growth of crustaceans, the statue was removed from the water and restored in 2003. A hand that had been detached, presumably by an anchor, was also replaced. The statue was returned to the water with a new base on 17 July 2004. The statue was again cleaned in 2018.
A second bronze sculpture, cast from the same mold as the original bronze statue, was placed on the coastline of St. George's, Grenada. It was gifted to the people of Grenada in thanks for rescuing the crew and passengers of the Italian vessel MV Bianca C., which was destroyed by fire in the port of St. George's. The sculpture was placed on October 22, 1961.
A third bronze statue, from the original mold, was presented to the Underwater Society of America in New York in 1962, and shipped by boat to Chicago, where it was set up for unveiling in the ballroom of the Palmer House Hotel at the Underwater Society of America 1962 convention. This copy of the original Christ of the Abyss is named Christ of the Deep. On August 25, 1965, it was placed in approximately 25 feet (7.6 m) of water off Key Largo, Florida, near Dry Rocks, approximately six miles east of the island of Key Largo in what was then the waters of John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park. The boundaries of the park changed in 1972, so the statue is now in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, just outside of John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park. The statue is 9 feet (2.7 m) tall and weighs around 1,102 pounds (500 kg), and the concrete base to which it is attached weighs approximately 42,000 pounds (19,100 kg).
44°18′51″N 9°10′30″E﻿ / ﻿44.314038°N 9.174979°E﻿ / 44.314038; 9.174979
Sportul în municipiul Brașov

Brașovul are o veche tradiție în domeniul sportului, încă de la sfârșitul secolului XIX înființându-se aici primele organizații sportive (Asociația de Tir, Școala de Gimnastică și Cântări). Anterior, fuseseră introduse sporturi precum șahul, jocul de cărți, biliardul (secolul XVIII). Muzeul Sportului Transilvănean este printre cele mai vechi de acest gen din țară, și prezintă evoluția unor sporturi consacrate în orașul nostru. În perioada comunistă se organizau universiade, daciade la care participau obligatoriu și sportivii brașoveni. Astăzi, infrastructura Brașovului permite practicarea unor sporturi diverse precum: fotbal, tenis, ciclism, handbal, planorism, schi, patinaj, alpinism, bowling, înot, tir, baschet, arte marțiale, echitație, volei sau gimnastică de întreținere. Nici sporturile la masă nu au fost uitate: ruletă, cărți (mai ales în cazinouri), biliard sau tenis de masă. În fiecare an, în preajma zilei de 15 Noiembrie, la Brașov se organizează un cross în memoria victimelor autorităților comuniste din 1987. Tot anual, la Baza Sportivă „Olimpia”, se desfășoară competiția de tenis „Brașov Challenge Cup”.
Lista sensurilor giratorii din Brașov

Aceasta este o listă a sensurilor giratorii din municipiul Brașov, România. Conține locul și diferite detalii despre fiecare din aceste intersecții.
În Brașov, traficul pe carosabil a fost destul de limitat până la începutul secolului 21, când, cele câteva zeci de semafoare instalate în anii 1980 creau mari ambuteiaje rutiere și nemulțumiri în rândul șoferilor. Astfel că, în jurul anului 2007, a început un proces de transformare a intersecțiilor semaforizate în sensuri giratorii, ce a durat câțiva ani (este încă în desfășurare). În ciuda criticilor publice, traficul a fost fluidizat parțial.
În toamna anului 2012 funcționau 37 de sensuri giratorii (comparativ cu 29 în Decembrie 2011, și cu 22, în Ianuarie 2010).
Detaliile trecute pentru fiecare element al listei:
Acestea sunt intersecții (sau grup de intersecții) amenajate similar cu sensurile giratorii, dar care, prin modul de semnalizare și de funcționare, diferă, definindu-se ca girații.
Pe lângă reprezentarea elementelor de mai sus, harta prezintă și intersecțiile semaforizate (în totalitate):
Tunele Brașov

Tunele Brașov este o companie de construcții din România, activează pe piața construcțiilor, a reabilitării tunelurilor, a lucrărilor de artă, a construcțiilor civile și industriale. Compania este deținută de omul de afaceri Horațiu Cercel, care controlează grupul de firme de construcții Concefa din Sibiu. Tunele SA controlează la rându-i firma de construcții SCCF Constanța.
Cifra de afaceri în 2007: 8 milioane euro
James W. Black

Sir James Whyte Black (n. 14 iunie 1924, Uddingston, Scoția, Regatul Unit – d. 21 martie 2010, Londra, Anglia, Regatul Unit) a fost un medic și farmacolog scoțian, cunoscut pentru inventarea propranololului, sintetizarea cimetidinei, descoperiri pentru care, în 1988, i s-a decernat Premiul Nobel pentru Fiziologie sau Medicină.
Bruce Beresford

Bruce Beresford (/ˈbɛrɪsfərd/; n. 16 august 1940, Municipality of Woollahra, Noul Wales de Sud, Australia) este un regizor de film australian care a realizat peste 30 de filme cinematografice de-a lungul unei cariere de 50 de ani. Printre filmele sale notabile se numără Breaker Morant (1980), Tender Mercies (1983), Crime din pasiune (1986) și Șoferul Doamnei Daisy (1989).
Michelle Obama

Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (n. 17 ianuarie 1964, Chicago, Illinois, SUA) este o politiciană, avocată și autoare americană, soția celui de-al 44-lea președinte al Statelor Unite ale Americii, Barack Obama.
Michelle Robinson s-a născut și a crescut în sudul orașului Chicago și a absolvit Universitatea Princeton și Facultatea de Drept Harvard. După terminarea facultății, ea a revenit la Chicago unde a acceptat o poziție în firma de avocatură Sidley Austin, înainte de a se căsători cu Barack Obama. Ulterior, doamna Obama a lucrat, ca parte a administrației primarului din Chicago, Richard M. Daley și la Universitatea Chicago. Pe parcursul anilor 2007 și 2008, ea a contribuit la campania electorală a soțului ei pentru alegerile prezidențiale din anul 2008. Ea de asemenea, a susținut un mic discurs în fața Convenției Naționale Democrate din Denver, Colorado în 2008. Doamna Obama este mama a două fiice, Malia și Sasha și este sora lui Craig Robinson, antrenorul echipei de baschet de la Oregon State University.
Michelle Obama este o creștină protestantă. Ea a fost crescută metodist și s-a alăturat Trinity United Church of Christ, unde ea si Barack Obama s-au căsătorit, nuntă realizată de Reverendul Jeremiah Wright. La 31 mai 2008, Barack și Michelle Obama au anunțat că au retras apartenența lor la Trinity United Church of Christ, declarând că "relațiile noastre cu Trinity au fost tensionate de declarațiile de dezbinare ale reverendului Wright, care a intrat brusc în conflict cu propriile noastre opinii". Familia Obama a frecventat diferite biserici Protestante de când s-a mutat la Washington DC, în 2009, incluzând Biserica Baptistă Shiloh și Biserica Episcopală Sf. Ioan din Lafayette Square, cunoscută sub numele de Biserica Președinților. La cea de-a 49-a conferință generală a African Methodist Episcopal Church, Michelle Obama a încurajat participanții să pledeze pentru conștiință politică, spunând, "Pentru oricine care spune că biserica nu este un loc pentru a discuta despre aceste probleme, le spun că nu există un loc mai bun - nici un loc mai bun, pentru că, în cele din urmă, acestea nu sunt doar probleme politice - acestea sunt probleme morale, acestea sunt probleme care au de a face cu demnitatea umană și a potențialului uman, iar in viitor ne-o dorim pentru copiii noștri și nepoții noștri."
A fost prima doamnă a Statelor Unite ale Americii între 2009-2017.
Starbucks

Starbucks este cel mai mare lanț de cafenele din lume. În noiembrie 2022, compania avea 35.711 magazine în 80 de țări, dintre care 15.873 erau situate în Statele Unite. Dintre magazinele Starbucks din SUA, peste 8.900 sunt operate de companie, în timp ce restul sunt în regim de franciză. În plus față de cafeaua măcinată, și băuturile de tip espresso, localurile Starbucks servesc și ceai și băuturi îmbuteliate, și produse de foietaj, și sandwich-uri deja preparate. Câteva localuri Starbucks sunt în interiorul spațiilor comerciale de alt gen, precum supermarket-uri sau librării (cu toate că aceste localuri nu sunt nici deținute și nici operate de companie).
Inițial apărută sub denumirea „Starbucks Coffee, Tea and Spice”, în Seattle, compania a preparat pentru prima oară cafea în 1971. A fost înființată de Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegel și Gordon Bowker. Un deceniu mai târziu, Starbucks și-a deschis cel de-al patrulea magazin în Seattle. În septembrie 1982, Howard Schultz a devenit managerul departamentului de marketing al Starbucks, supraveghind cele patru magazine din Seattle. Schultz a părăsit mai târziu Starbucks, pentru a-și deschide propriul lanț de magazine de specialități de cafea în Seattle, după modelul specific italian al espresso-barurilor. În 1987, la numai un an de la lansarea magazinelor, Schultz a cumpărat în franciză, compania Starbucks. Între anii 1987 și 1992, Starbucks, sub conducerea lui Schultz, a deschis 150 de magazine noi.
Sediul central Starbucks se află în Seattle, Washington, Statele Unite. Membrii actuali ai consiliului director sunt Jim Donald, Barbara Bass, Howard Behar, Bill Bradley, Mellody Hobson, Olden Lee, Greg Maffei, Howard Schultz, James Shennan, Javier Teruel, Robert Marsee, Myron Ullman și Craig Weatherup.
Starbucks U.S. Brands, LLC este o companie deținută de către Starbucks și care deține drepturile de proprietate asupra a aproximativ 120 patente și mărci comerciale Starbucks. Sediul ei este în Minden, Nevada.
Starbucks este prezentă pe piața din România din aprilie 2007 și operează 53 cafenele: 29 în București, 3 în Timișoara, 3 în Cluj-Napoca, 3 in Iași, 2 în Sibiu, 2 în Ploiești, 2 în Brașov, 2 în Constanța, 2 în Craiova, 1 în Galați, 1 în Oradea, 1 în Pitești, 1 în Suceava și 1 în Baia Mare.
Howard Schultz

Howard Schultz (n. 19 iulie 1953, New York City, New York, SUA) este un om de afaceri american.
Este cunoscut pentru faptul că este fondatorul și acționarul companiei Starbucks, cel mai mare lanț de cafenele din lume.
S-a născut într-o familie modestă de evrei fără educație și asistați social. În urma unor performanțe sportive, reușește să obțină o bursă pentru a se înscrie la Northern Michigan University. După absolvirea studiilor superioare, are mai multe job-uri la diverse firme, printre care "Xerox Corporation".
În 1982 intră la Starbucks (pe atunci o companie mică) și în scurt timp ajunge director comercial. În 1985 părăsește firma, nemulțumit pentru că nu a putut convinge fondatorii să introducă anumite inovații. Primind mai multe ajutoare financiare, doi ani mai târziu, Schultz obține brandul Starbucks și decide să pună bazele celei mai mari expansiuni din domeniul comerțului cu amănuntul, transformând firma într-un lanț internațional de cafenele. Între 1998 și 2008, Starbucks a ajuns de la 1.886 de cafenele la 16.680. La sfârșitul anului 2017, compania deține peste 27.300 de magazine în 75 de țări.
În 2016, cu o avere estimată la 2,9 miliarde de dolari (conform publicației Forbes), Schultz se retrage din funcția de director, rămânând doar președinte executiv, ceea ce îi oferă mai mult timp pentru implicarea în acțiuni sociale.
Novo Park

YUNITY Park (Novo Park) este un parc de business din București, dezvoltat de Genesis Property. Complexul are șapte clădiri cu o suprafață utilă totală de închiriat de 75.000 de metri pătrați de spații de birouri clasa A. .
In cadrul YUNITY Park au sediul companii multinationale precum: Hewlett-Packard Enterprise (HPE), HP Inc., Luxoft, Infineon Technologies , Garanti Bank, Bookster.
Novo Park se află în partea de nord a Bucureștiului, în zona Pipera
Complexul de birouri permite accesul atât din Blvd. Dimitrie Pompeiu, cât și de pe Strada Fabrica de Glucoză.
În Novo Park a fost deschisă prima cafenea Starbucks dintr-un parc de birouri din România.