davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Aníbal Pinto

Aníbal Pinto Garmendia (Latin American Spanish: [aˈniβal ˈpinto]; March 15, 1825 – June 9, 1884) was a Chilean political figure. He served as the president of Chile between 1876 and 1881.
He was born in Santiago de Chile, the son of former Chilean president General Francisco Antonio Pinto and of Luisa Garmendia Aldurralde. He completed his studies at the Colegio Argentino de Santiago and the Instituto Nacional. At the age of 20, he joined the foreign service, and was posted as under-secretary to the Chilean Legation to the Holy See. He returned to Chile two years later, in 1850. Two years later, he was elected to the lower house of congress, and was reelected several times. Later, he became a Senator and, in 1861, was named Intendant of Concepción, position that he held for 10 years. There he married Delfina de la Cruz Zañartu, daughter of General José María de la Cruz Prieto and Josefa Zañartu Trujillo.
In 1871, President Errázuriz named him minister of war and navy, and, from that position, became one of the contenders for the presidential nomination. He first defeated Miguel Luis Amunátegui in the liberal primaries, and later Benjamín Vicuña in the presidential elections.
His government started under the weight of the worst Chilean economic crisis of the 19th century. This was made worse by the floods of 1876, that laid waste to the nascent infrastructure. An earthquake on May 9, 1877, completed the destruction. At this juncture, he declared the non-convertibility of the currency, a measure that prevented a run on the banks and saved the public credit, but caused him the enmity of the opposition.
In 1878, he named Viña del Mar as a commune.
Nonetheless, the principal crisis of his administration was the outbreak of the War of the Pacific with Peru and Bolivia. He managed to successfully face the first onslaught, at the same time, achieving the all-important Argentinian neutrality. On July 23, 1881, he signed a treaty with Argentina recognising Argentine sovereignty on eastern Patagonia and Eastern Tierra del Fuego but keeping the Strait of Magellan and western Tierra del Fuego under Chilean control.
He also managed to obtain the capture of Antofagasta and Tarapacá and used these territories as new sources of revenue to finance the rest of the war.
After his retirement from politics, a debt that he had personally guaranteed forced him to sell all his property, having to move to a very modest house near Victoria square, in Valparaíso. Though he was offered the position of senator or different embassies in Europe, he decided to make do working as a translator for the railroad companies. He died in Valparaíso in 1884.
List of presidents of the United States

The president of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States, indirectly elected to a four-year term via the Electoral College. Under the U.S. Constitution, the officeholder leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The first president, George Washington, won a unanimous vote of the Electoral College. The incumbent president is Donald Trump, who assumed office on January 20, 2025. Since the office was established in 1789, 45 men have served in 47 presidencies; the discrepancy arises from two individuals elected to non-consecutive terms: Grover Cleveland is counted as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, while Donald Trump is counted as the 45th and 47th president.
The presidency of William Henry Harrison, who died 31 days after taking office in 1841, was the shortest in American history. Franklin D. Roosevelt served the longest, over twelve years, before dying early in his fourth term in 1945. He is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms. Since the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1951, no person may be elected president more than twice, and no one who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected may be elected more than once.
Four presidents died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Warren G. Harding, and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley, and John F. Kennedy), and one resigned (Richard Nixon, facing impeachment and removal from office). John Tyler was the first vice president to assume the presidency during a presidential term, setting the precedent that a vice president who does so becomes the fully functioning president with a new, distinct administration.
Throughout most of its history, American politics has been dominated by political parties. The Constitution is silent on the issue of political parties, and at the time it came into force in 1789, no organized parties existed. Soon after the 1st Congress convened, political factions began rallying around dominant Washington administration officials, such as Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. Concerned about the capacity of political parties to destroy the fragile unity holding the nation together, Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his eight-year presidency. He was, and remains, the only U.S. president who never affiliated with a political party.
Mlima Kinangop

Mlima Kinangop ni kilele kirefu cha pili cha milima ya Aberdare nchini Kenya ukiwa na kimo wa mita 3,906 juu ya usawa wa bahari
Kinango ni mlima wa nne kwa urefu nchini Kenya na ina asili ya volikano. Unapatikana katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Aberdare.
Kenya African Union

Kenya African Union (KAU) (awali Kenya African Study Union) ilikuwa shirika la siasa liliyoundwa mwaka wa 1944 kwa kueneza malalamiko ya wananchi wa Kenya dhidi ya utawala wa kikoloni wa Uingereza wa wakati huo. Shirika la KAU ilidai haki za kuingia mashamba ya Kenya Highlands, ambayo hadi wakati huo, yalikuwa yakimilikiwa sanasana na wakoloni. KAU walijaribu kueneza umoja kwa kuepuka siasa za kikabila zaidi ya waliyetangulia, Kikuyu Central Association.
Mwisho wa mwaka 1946, Kenyatta alirudi Kenya akiwa mwongozi asiyepingwa katika harakati za kinchi. Kati ya 1947, Jomo Kenyatta alichaguliwa kuwa rais wa Kenya African Union.
Katika 1960, KAU, Kenya Independent Movement na Chama cha People's Congress waliungana kuunda Kenya African National Union (KANU).
KAU hujadliwa kwa sura moja ya kitabu cha Weep Not, Child , kilichoandikwa na Ngugi wa Thiongo
Mjusi-kafiri vidole-vinene

Mijusi-kafiri vidole-vinene ni mijusi wa jenasi Chondrodactylus, Elasmodactylus na Pachydactylus katika familia Gekkonidae. Vidole vya mijusi hawa ni vinene kiasi.
Mijusi hawa wana rangi ya majivu au kahawa mara nyingi pamoja na madoa, madoa-macho au mabaka meusi, meupe au njano.
Mijusi-kafiri vidole-vinene wanatokea Afrika ya Kusini hasa lakini spishi nyingine zinatokea mpaka Afrika ya Mashariki. Hukiakia usiku na hula wadudu na arithropodi wengine.
Rhino Ark

Rhino Ark ni shirika la hisani nchini Kenya linalolenga kukusanya pesa kwa kujenga fensi ya kuzunguka Aberdares National Park na Aberdares Conservation Area penye makazi ya vifaru walio hatarini ya kutoweka kutokana na uwindaji usio halali.
Shabaha ya shirika ni kuzuia matumizi yasiyo halali ya misitu ya Aberdares na kusaidia matumizi endelevu ya msitu na mazao yake kwa manufaa ya watu wanaoishi kando la Aberdares.
Fensi ya Aberdares ilikamilika mwezi wa Agosti 2009
Kila mwaka kuna mashindano ya magari ya Rhino Charge yanayolenga kukusanya pesa kwa ajili ya Rhino Ark.
Kuna pia tawi la shirika huko Uingereza wanakofanya pia mashindano ya kukimbia magari.
Panya-nyika

Panya-nyika ni wanyama wagugunaji wa jenasi Otomys katika nusufamilia Murinae ya familia Muridae ambao wanatokea Afrika kusini kwa Sahara katika nyika nyevu mpaka nyanda za juu na vinamasi vya milimani.
Panya-nyika ni wagugunaji imara wenye uelekeo wa kuwa na uso mfupi na miguu mifupi kuliko spishi nyingine za panya. Mwili wao una urefu wa sm 12-22 na uzito wa g 90-260. Mkia pia ni mfupi kuliko panya wengi sana, kwa kawaida kati ya moja na mbili ya tatu ya urefu wa mwili. Rangi ya manyoya inatofautiana kulingana na spishi, lakini kwa ujumla huwa na manyoya kahawia hadi kijivu ambayo ni kawaida kwa panya na wagugunaji wengine wadogo wa porini, ingawa rangi ya upande wa chini ni hafifu zaidi. Spishi zinazoishi katika maeneo yenye joto kubwa au ya wastani huwa na masikio makubwa sana miongoni mwa panya, huku baadhi ya spishi za milimani zikiwa na masikio madogo zaidi. Vidole vyao vyote vina kucha ndefu na kucha za nyuma ni ndefu kuliko kucha za mbele.
Spishi nyingi sana huishi kwenye maeneo manyevu, nyika na makazi yalandanayo na hula mimea ya maeneo hayo, wakiiongezea mara kwa mara mizizi na mbegu. Hizo ni spishi za ardhini ambazo hukaa juu ya ardhi katika viota wazi vilivyo na umbo la bakuli na vilivyotengenezwa na nyasi zilizokatwa-katwa karibu na maeneo yenye mabwawa na uoto mzito.
Panya-nyika hukiakia wakati wa alasiri na alfajiri. Wengi sana hushughulika mchana, ingawa panya-nyika wengine huonyesha shughuli za usiku. Wanaunda na kugawana njia za kukimbia na spishi nyingine zilizopo pamoja nao kupitia uoto wakati wanajilisha kwa mimea kijani.
Panya hao ni walamani thabiti na sehemu kubwa ya mchakato wa kumeng'enya hufanyika katika sikamu kwa msaada wa vijidudu. Vidonge vya kinyesi mara nyingi hunyweshwa tena ili kupata zaidi kutoka kwa chakula duni kwa virutubisho. Chakula chao kina mashina na majani ya nyasi, mimea na vichaka, na mbegu za nyasi. Walakini, sio wachaguzi wa chakula na watakula karibu spishi zote za mimea kijani katika makazi yao. Spishi fulani pia zinaweza kuguguna gome la misonobari kwenye migunda wakiharibu miti hii. Wametoholewa kuwa na kiwango cha uvumilivu wa hali ya juu kwa mimea yenye sumu.
Kwa kawaida huishi peke yao na kugombana na wana wengine wa spishi yao. Madume wapevu hutunza mara nyingi eneo dogo la kinyumba karibu na mahali pa kiota. Wanawasiliana kupitia ishara za kunusa kwa kutopoa eneo lao kwa vinyaa vya tezi za mkundu. Wakati wanyama wenye cheo sawa wanapokutana huanza kupigana na kufukuzana hadi mnyama mmoja atakapokimbia au kuonyesha tabia ya unyenyekevu. Tabia za kunyenyekea ni pamoja na kukaa wima na kufunua tumbo wakitatarika. Mapigano hayo mara nyingi husababisha majeraha, makubwa pengine.
Aberdare National Park

The Aberdare National Park is a protected area in the Aberdare Mountain Range in central Kenya located east of the East African Rift Valley. It covers the higher areas and the Aberdare Salient to the east.
The park is located about 100 km north of Nairobi and stretches over a wide variety of terrain at elevations from 2,000 m (6,600 ft) to 4,000 m (13,000 ft). Established in May 1950, the Aberdare National Park covers an area of 767 square kilometers and forms part of the Aberdare Mountain Range. The park contains a wide range of landscapes - from mountain peaks that rise to 4,000 m (13,000 ft) to their deep, v-shaped valleys intersected by streams, rivers, and waterfalls. Moorland, bamboo forests and rainforests are found at lower elevations.
Aberdare National Park is best known as the site where in 1952, Elizabeth II became Queen after the death of her father King George VI, whilst staying at the Treetops Hotel. Aberdare National Park was established in 1950 with an aim to conserve and protect the Aberdare Mountains. Since then it has grown to a size of an area of 767 km (296 sq mi).
Wildlife present in the protected area include lion, leopard, elephant, East African wild dog, giant forest hog, bushbuck, mountain reedbuck, waterbuck, Cape buffalo, suni, side-striped jackal, eland, duiker, olive baboon, black and white colobus monkey, and sykes monkey. Rarer sightings include those of the African golden cat and the bongo. Species such as the common eland and serval are found in the higher moorlands. The Aberdare National Park also hosts a large eastern black rhinoceros population and over 250 bird species including the endangered Aberdare cisticola, Jackson's spurfowl, sparrowhawk, African goshawk, African fish eagle, sunbirds and plovers.
Anglican dioceses of Mount Kenya

The Anglican dioceses of Mount Kenya are the Anglican presence in east-central, north and north-east Kenya; they are part of the Anglican Church of Kenya. The remaining dioceses of the Church area in the areas of Mombasa, of Maseno, and of Nakuru.
The Diocese of Fort Hall was renamed as Mount Kenya diocese in 1964, a few years after its erection from the Diocese of Mombasa; it was then split in 1975, into East and South; Kariuki, the last Bishop of Mount Kenya, became the first Bishop of Mount Kenya South. The Central diocese was split off in 1984, the West in 1993, and then Thika diocese (from the South and Central dioceses) in 1998. The present cathedral is St James's Cathedral Kiambu.
The Diocese of Mount Kenya East was erected from Mount Kenya diocese in 1975 and was itself then split on 1 July 1990, when Kirinyaga diocese was formed: Gitari was elected to that See, but the old cathedral of the eastern mountain diocese was in the new Embu diocese. On 1 July 1997, the Diocese was split again to create Mbeere diocese.
Erected in 1984 on the division of Mount Kenya South diocese, the Central diocese was itself split in 1993 (Mount Kenya West) and in 1998 (Thika).
The Kirinyaga diocese was created in July 1990 from the Diocese of Mount Kenya East; the Diocese of Meru was split from this diocese in 1997.
Mount Kenya West was erected in 1993 from Mount Kenya Central.
Between the diocese's erection and Chipman's consecration, the archdeacon, Domenic Mûthoga Ndaî, was Archbishop's Commissary (acting bishop).
The Diocese of Mbeere was erected from the Diocese of Embu on 1 July 1997.
1 July 1997 also saw the creation of the Diocese of Meru from the Diocese of Kirinyaga.
Thika diocese was created from portions of two dioceses — Mount Kenya South and Mount Kenya Central — on 1 July 1998.
At the first diocesan synod, 2 July 1998, John Mutonga, the archdeacon, was named the Archbishop's Commissary (i.e. acting bishop) until the first bishop's consecration.
Marsabit, then in the Diocese of Kirinyaga, was erected into a Mission Area directly under the Archbishop in 2008 — it was therefore part of the All Saints' Cathedral Diocese — and eventually given autonomy as its own diocese in 2011.
Rob Martin was the bishop for the Mission Area from 2008, as a suffragan bishop of the Archbishop and therefore of the All Saints' Cathedral Diocese.
Similarly, Murang'a South was another Mission Area of All Saints' from 2008, but originally part of Kirinyaga diocese. It has been a diocese in its own right since 2013.
List of botanical gardens in Kenya

This list of botanical gardens in Kenya is intended to include all significant botanical gardens and arboretums in Kenya.
| Egerton University || Njoro,Nakuru || || 4°00′00″S 39°43′00″E﻿ / ﻿4°S 39.71667°E﻿ / -4; 39.71667﻿ (Egerton Botanic Garden) ||
List of mountains in Kenya

List of mountains in Kenya is a general list of mountains in Kenya with elevation. The highest mountain in Kenya, which is also the second-highest mountain in Africa, is Mount Kenya, standing at 5,199 metres (17,057 ft) tall.
Seven of Kenya's mountains, Mount Kenya, Mount Elgon, Mount Satima, Chepunyal Hills, Cherang'any Hills, Mount Kulal, and Mount Ng'iro, are among the ultra prominent peaks of Africa.
Matthews Range

The Matthews (or Mathews) Range, also known as the Lenkiyio Hills, is a range of mountains in Kenya.
The range is about 150 km long, oriented north–south. It is located in the Laikipia district of the Rift Valley Province in northern Kenya. The town of Wamba lies at the southeastern edge of the range.
The highest point is Warges, at 2,688 metres (8,819 ft) above sea level, a peak located the southern end of the range, separated by a valley from the rest of the range. There is also a breast-shaped hill locally known as Sweet Sixteen in the range.
The area is isolated, and holds montane forests of African juniper (Juniperus procera) and cycads. It is home to elephants and other large mammals, and was one of the last places in northern Kenya to have wild Black Rhinos. The last Black Rhino in the Mathew's was poached out in the 1990s. The Mathew's are also home to the Samburu people. The mountain range is a sky island: surrounded by plains, with Ndoto Mountains to the north and the Karisia hills to the west. A number of the species in the Mathew's have evolved independently and the diversity of the forest is of great conservation value. Part has been designated as a wildlife sanctuary.
Mathews Range Forest Reserve was established in 1956, and covers an area of 973.92 km.
In 1995, a Trust was formed by the Samburu tribes to preserve the Namunyak Wildlife Conservancy, which remains one of the most successful community conservation programs in Kenya.
Jasminum abyssinicum

Jasminium abyssinicum (forest jasmine) is a species of jasmine, in the family Oleaceae.
Jasminum abyssinicum is a strong to slender woody climber in high-altitude montane forests, climbing into the forest canopy with stems that can be robust up to 13 cm in diameter. The leaves are opposite, trifoliolate; leaflets are broadly ovate with a distinct driptip, dark glossy green above, hairless except for pockets of hairs in the axils of the leaves. The flowers are produced at the ends twigs or in axils of leaves. The flowers are white, tinged with pink on the outside, sweetly scented with a corolla with 5 or sometimes 6 elliptic lobes. The fruits are a single- or bi-lobed berry 7 mm long, fleshy, glossy black.
Jasminum abyssinicum is native to Africa from Ethiopia to KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It has been reported from Burundi, Cameroon, Rwanda, Congo-Kinshasa, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Natal and Transvaal.
'Jasminum' is a Latinized form of the Persian word, 'yasemin' for sweetly scented plants.
The Maasai people of Kenya use this plant as a medicinal remedy for wounds. In sheep, it is traditionally used as a treatment for the parasitic nematode Hemonchus contortus.
List of mountains by elevation

This is an incomplete list of notable mountains on Earth, sorted by elevation in metres above sea level. For a complete list of mountains over 7200 m high, with at least 500 m of prominence, see List of highest mountains. See also a list of mountains ranked by prominence.
There are 14 mountains over 8,000 metres (26,247 ft), which are often referred to as the Eight-thousanders. (There are six more 8,000m peaks in Nepal, Waiting for official recognition, making for a total of 20.) All are in the two highest mountain ranges in the world, the Himalayas and the Karakoram.
There are 132 mountains between 7,000 and 8,000 metres (22,966 ft and 26,247 ft)
Mountains between 6,000 and 7,000 metres (19,685 ft and 21,966 ft)
Mountains between 5,000 and 6,000 metres (16,404 ft and 19,685 ft)
Mountains between 4,000 and 5,000 metres (13,123 ft and 16,404 ft)
List of mountain peaks by prominence

This is a list of mountain peaks ordered by their topographic prominence.
The prominence of a peak is the minimum height of climb to the summit on any route from a higher peak, or from sea level if there is no higher peak. The lowest point on that route is the col.
For full definitions and explanations of topographic prominence, key col, and parent, see topographic prominence. In particular, the different definitions of the parent of a peak are addressed at length in that article. Height on the other hand simply means elevation of the summit above sea level.
Regarding parents, the prominence parent of peak A can be found by dividing the island or region in question into territories, by tracing the runoff from the key col (mountain pass) of every peak that is more prominent than peak A. The parent is the peak whose territory peak A resides in.
The encirclement parent is found by tracing the contour below peak A's key col and picking the highest mountain in that region. This is easier to determine than the prominence parent; however, it tends to give non-intuitive results for peaks with very low cols such as Jabal Shams which is #110 in the list.
Either sort of parent of a typical very high-prominence peak such as Denali will lie far away from the peak itself, reflecting the independence of the peak.
Most sources (and the table below) define no parent for island and landmass highpoints; others treat Mount Everest as the parent of every such peak with the world ocean as the "key col".
The following table lists the Earth's 125 most topographically prominent summits. Of these, Indonesia has the most, with 13. Close behind it are China and the United States with 12.
The list of peaks that follows is not complete, but the peaks are all notable. Island high points (whose prominence is equal to their elevation) can be found at the List of islands by highest point; hence most are not included below. Some well-known peaks listed here do not score highly by prominence.
All peaks with a prominence of more than 1,500 metres rank as an Ultra. For a complete listing of all 1,524 peaks with prominence greater than this level, see the lists of Ultras.
In the table, the prominence parent is marked "", and the encirclement parent "". Where a single parent is listed, the different definitions agree.
*.^ By convention, cols created by human activity are not counted. Therefore, the Suez, Panama and other canals are ignored in these calculations. Cuts that lower the natural elevations of mountain passes are also ignored. Towers, monuments and similar on the peaks are also ignored.
Al Nejashi Mosque

Al Nejashi Mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد ٱلنَّجَاشِي‎, romanized: Masjid an-Najāšī) is a mosque in Negash, in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia.
The mosque was established after 615 CE, when the first Muslims are said to have migrated to Abyssinia during the reign of Najashi. It is named after Najashi.
In 2018, the mosque was renovated with funds from Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency. Accommodations, visitor center and toilets were built around the mosque building. Renovation was completed in September 2018.
In 2021, the mosque was damaged by fighting during the Tigray War. The minaret was destroyed, its dome partially collapsed and its façade was ruined. Soon afterwards, the Government of Ethiopia vowed to repair the building.
The mosque complex features tomb behind the main mosque building. There are 15 tombs of the first immigrants in Islam to Ethiopia .
Mosque of the Companions

The Mosque of the Companions (Arabic: مَسْجِد ٱلصَّحَابَة‎, romanized: Masjid aṣ-Ṣaḥābah) is a mosque in the city of Massawa, Eritrea. According to local tradition, the mosque dates to the early 7th century CE and is believed by some to be the first mosque in Africa.
Local Muslims generally believe that Massawa, particularly the small island known as Ras Medr off the city's coast, was the place where the Companions (Arabic: الصحابة, romanized: Ṣaḥābah) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad landed in Africa when they fled persecution by non-Muslims in the Hejazi city of Mecca, present-day Saudi Arabia. According to Richard J. Reid, the mosque may have been constructed in the 620s or 630s by members of Muhammad's family among this group.
The present-day site consists of an open-air prayer area (a musalla) with a free-standing stone structure that consists of a mihrab (niche symbolising the direction of prayer) and an attached minbar (pulpit) that resembles a miniature minaret. This latter feature is very similar to one found in the nearby Mosque of Sheikh Hammali, built in the Ottoman period, which suggests that the structure also dates from this period or later.
List of the oldest mosques

The oldest mosques in the world can refer to the oldest, surviving building or to the oldest mosque congregation. There is also a distinction between old mosque buildings in continuous use as mosques and others no longer used as mosques. In terms of congregations, there are early established congregations that have been in continuous existence, and early congregations that ceased to exist.
The major regions, such as Africa and Eurasia, are sorted alphabetically, and the minor regions, such as Arabia and South Asia, are sorted by the dates in which their first mosques were reportedly established, more or less, barring those that are mentioned by name in the Quran.
To be listed here a site must:
The following are treated as the oldest mosques or sanctuaries mentioned in the Quran:
Negash

Negash is a village in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia, which straddles the Adigrat to Mekelle road 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) north of Wukro. It is located in Wukro woreda.
Negash is considered to be the earliest Muslim settlement in Africa; </ref> The Futuh al-Habasha records Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi visited the tomb of Ashama ibn Abjar in Negash during his invasion of the province of Tigray (around 1537). Negash is also known for having one of Africa's oldest mosques, that is the Al Nejashi Mosque.
In 2020 during Tigray War, the Al Nejashi Mosque was heavily damaged from shelling and looting.
In the statistical tables of the 2007 census published by the Central Statistical Agency, the kebele Negash is located in is reported to have a total population of 7,753 of whom 3,607 are men and 4,146 women; they are distributed amongst 1,689 households in 1,626 housing units. Although it is known for its particular relationship with Islam, 98.2% of the population follows the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, the 1.1% of the population is Protestant, and the remaining 0.7% is Muslim.
Negash, located in the Tigray region of Ethiopia, experiences a semi-arid climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The rainy season spans from June to September, with July and August receiving the heaviest rainfall. Temperatures in Negash are generally warm throughout the year, with cooler nights and occasional variability depending on elevation and rainfall. The dry season, from October to May, sees minimal precipitation, and the landscape remains arid.
Grand Anwar Mosque

The Grand Anwar Mosque (Arabic: مسجد الأنوار الكبير, Amharic: ታላቁ የአንዋር መስጊድ), also called Al-Anwar Mosque or simply Anwar Mosque and sometimes "Jama'a Salat" ("place where people pray"), is the largest and oldest mosque in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia located in a place of Merkato within Arada district. It was built by Italians around 1922 and finished with assistance of Muslim funds after 16,000 birr remained unpaid for contractor.
Grand Anwar Mosque is located in Merkato, in Arada district of Addis Ababa. It was built by the Italian government around 1922. The mosque is the largest and one of the oldest mosques (masjid) in Addis Ababa. The mosque has unique architecture with white and green colors.
After the Italians left unfinished, Muslims collected money to resume the construction. When the construction completed, 16,000 ETB were not paid to the contractor, which led to closure for couple of days by court order. The mosque then reopened as an individual covered payment.
During fasting periods, thousands of people gather in the mosque compound and man can carry incense to smell inside the mosque. A portable podium placed to the middle of green pillars supporting the white outer walls and domes that form spectacular façade of the mosque.
Jamia Mosque, Harar

Jamia Mosque (Arabic: مسجد الجامع), also known as Grand mosque of Harar is a mosque in Harar, a city in eastern Ethiopia. It is located in the old walled city, the Harar Jugol, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Local tradition suggests that the Jamia Mosque is one of the oldest mosque remaining in Harar, while others give it a foundation date of 1216 C.E. Three Harar mosques have been dated to the Tenth Century C.E., but the Jamia Mosque has not been dated. Archaeological excavation within the mosque perimeter has not been permitted.
The Jamia Mosque was extensively remodeled with the addition of a second minaret in the 16th century probably during the reign (1528–1543) of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, whose gravestone is in the prayer hall. An inscription on the wooden minbar indicates that this was constructed in 1175/1761, i.e. during the reign of Amir Ahmed. Under Amir Abdullahi (1885–1887) the mosque was enlarged. During the Italian occupation (1936–1941) a water pool was added to the courtyard on the east side of the mosque. The mosque was most recently remodeled in the 1980s, with the addition of a second story.
Abdi Ismail Samatar

Abdi Ismail Samatar (Somali: Cabdi Ismaaciil Samatar, Arabic: عبدي إسماعيل ساماتار) (born 1950) is a Somali scholar, writer and professor of geography.
Samatar was born in 1956 in Gabiley in Somalia. He is the brother of scholar and politician Ahmed Ismail Samatar.
For his tertiary education, Samatar earned an A.B. from the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse in 1979. He later obtained a MCRP in Urban/Regional Planning from the Iowa State University in 1981. In 1985, he completed a PhD from the University of California, Berkeley.
Samatar is Muslim.
Between the late 1980s and early 1990s, Samatar was a lecturer at the University of Iowa. He later joined the University of Minnesota's faculty, serving as a professor of geography and chair of the institution's geography department.
He has authored several books centered on democracy and development in the Africa. In 2000, his non-fiction work An African Miracle was a finalist for the year's Herskovits Prize.
In Spring 2003, Samatar was the Chair of the Harmonization Committee of the Somali Charter: Somali Reconciliation – Independent Committee.
In 2013–2014, he also served as the President of the African Studies Association. Additionally, he has been a frequent guest or contributor at various international media outlets, including Voice of America, PBS, Al Jazeera, the BBC, Radio France International, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, TV Channel 5 and Somali TV Minneapolis.
On January 30 he was appointed to leader of the election commission to oversee the integrity of the Somalia presidential elections that were held 8 February 2017.
Samatar has received various awards for his work, including:
Samatar's professional memberships include:
Around the World in 80 Faiths

Around the World in 80 Faiths is a British television series which was first broadcast by the BBC on 2 January 2009. The series was presented by Anglican vicar Pete Owen-Jones, who was researching the various faiths from around the world.
There was also a book planned to accompany the series, written by Owen-Jones and published by BBC Books, but the book is not published.
The series was presented in eight episodes with the last one airing on 20 February 2009:
Directed & Produced by Sian Salt, Camera Graham Veevers
Directed, Filmed & Series Produced by Graham Johnston
Directed, filmed & produced by Tom Sheahan
Directed, filmed & produced by Tom Sheahan
Directed & Produced by Karen Selway. Camera Graham Veevers
Directed, filmed & series produced by Graham Johnston
Directed & produced by Rob Cowling. Camera Graham Veevers
Peter Owen Jones then visited Bolivia, mentioning how the current president is the first native ethnic president of Bolivia.
Directed, filmed & produced by Kevin Jarvis
Kemetisme

Kemetisme atau Neterisme ialah gerakan yang menghidupkan semula agama Mesir purba serta budaya-budaya berkaitan yang mula muncul sejak 1970-an. Seorang penurut Kemetisme digelar sebagai Kemetic.
Kemetisme memiliki beberapa kelompok utama dengan gaya anutan yang berbeza, daripada ekletisisme ke rekonstruktivisme. Akan tetapi, semua kelompok ini dapat dikenal pasti tergolong dalam tiga aliran: Kemetisme rekonstruktivis (berdasarkan kajian sarjana), gaya sinkretik serta gaya bercenderung monoteisme, Ortodoks Kemetisme.
Penurut Kemetisme lazimnya menyembah hanya beberapa dewa (Maat, Bastet, Anubis, Sekhmet atau Thoth dan lain-lain), tetapi memperakui kewujudan semua dewa. Penyembahan mereka lazimnya melibatkan sembahyang dan membina altar, tetapi tiada panduan khusus berkenaan cara penyembahan. Altar biasanya dihasilkan dengan patung atau figura dua dimensi dewa sebagai pusat utama penyembahan. Alatan-alatan tambahan termasuk lilin dan bahan penyembahan seperti hidangan makanan.
Mazbah

Mazbah (Jawi: ‏مذبح‎‎) atau altar (Jawi: ‏التر‎‎) ialah meja atau pelantar untuk meletakkan persembahan keagamaan, untuk korban, atau untuk upacara-upacara lain. Mazbah terdapat di keramat, kuil, gereja, dan tempat-tempat ibadat lain. Ia kebanyakannya digunakan dalam paganisme, Kristian, Buddha, Hindu, Yahudi, paganisme moden, dan dalam komuniti Islam tertentu di sekitar Caucasia dan Anatolia. Banyak kepercayaan purba dan abad pertengahan turut menggunakannya, seperti agama Rom, Yunani, dan Nor.
Perkataan mazbah ialah serapan daripada kata nama tempat bahasa Arab مذبح (tempat persembelihan; meja persembahan), daripada akar ذ ب ح yang bermaksud sembelih atau korban.
Perkataan altar berasal daripada bahasa Inggeris moden altar, yang berasal daripada altar Inggeris Pertengahan, daripada bahasa Inggeris Kuno alter, diambil daripada Latin altare ("altar"), mungkin berkaitan dengan adolere ("bakar"); oleh itu "tempat pembakaran", dipengaruhi oleh altus ("tinggi"). Ia menggantikan perkataan asli Inggeris Kuno wēofod.
Linda Arvidson

Linda Arvidson Johnson (12 Julai 1884 – 26 Julai 1949), dikenali sebagai Linda Arvidson, merupakan pelakon Amerika Syarikat di era filem senyap.
Arvidson merupakan isteri pertama pengarah filem, D.W. Griffith. Beliau banyak memegang watak utama dalam filem-filem terawal arahan Griffith. Dalam perfileman, beliau adakala dikreditkan sebagai Linda Griffith. Pasangan ini berkahwin pada 14 Mei 1906 dan berpisah sekitar 1912 sebelum akhirnya bercerai pada 2 Mac 1936 apabila Griffith berhasrat untuk mengahwini Evelyn Baldwin.
Beliau mengeluarkan autobiografinya sendiri, When the Movies Were Young (1925, 1968).
James Kirkwood Sr.

James Kirkwood Sr. (22 Februari 1875 – 24 Ogos 1963) merupakan pelakon dan pengarah filem Amerika Syarikat.
Kirkwood mula muncul dalam filem pada tahun 1909 dan mula mengarah pada tahun 1912. Beliau banyak berlakon dalam filem-filem arahan D.W. Griffith. Pada tahun 1923, beliau mengahwini pelakon Lila Lee dan dikurniakan seorang anak, James Kirkwood Jr.. Beliau merupakan pilihan asal George Melford untuk memegang watak sebagai Sheik Ahmed Ben Hassan menerusi The Sheik, sebelum akhirnya watak tersebut diberikan kepada Rudolph Valentino. Kerjaya pengarahnya merosot pada tahun 1920, tetapi dia terus berlakon sepanjang 1950+an.
Tokong Pu Tuo Si

Kuil Pu Tuo Si (juga dikenali sebagai Kuil Puh Toh Tze atau Poh Toh Tse) ialah sebuah kuil Buddha yang terletak di luar Jalan Tuaran di Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia . Kuil ini dibina pada tahun 1980 dengan patung Guanyin yang terletak di pintu masuk. Ia adalah kuil Cina utama untuk bandar ini. Pada 2013, kuil itu menerima sejumlah RM 115,000 daripada kerajaan persekutuan untuk membiayai pengubahsuaian yang sedang dijalankan.
Dewan utama kuil dipanggil Daxiong Baodian . Di altar utama, terdapat patung Buddha yang besar, dengan patung Guanyin di sebelah kiri dan Da Shi Zhi di sebelah kanan.
Tokong Xiang Lin Si

Tokong Xiang Lin Si ialah sebuah kuil Cina, yang terletak bertentangan dengan Kuil Cheng Hoon Teng di Jalan Tokong, Bandaraya Melaka. Kuil dua tingkat ini mengikut aliran Buddha Mahāyāna.
Kuil ini dinamakan sempena seorang biksu dari China. Ia bermula sebagai rumah kayu gaya kampung pada tahun 1958 sebelum dibina semula dalam seni bina moden sebagai bangunan batu bata dua tingkat pada tahun 1985.
Kuil dua tingkat tersebut mempunyai tiga pintu gerbang pada setiap tingkat. Di pintu pertama iaitu Dewan Buddha, terdapat sebuah patung kecil tersenyum iaitu Mi-lo Fwo (Maitreya) di sebuah altar pendek yang menghadap ke pintu. Lapan Belas Luohan berbaris di kedua-dua belah Dewan Buddha, sembilan di setiap sisi, menuju ke sebuah patung Buddha Gautama yang lebih kecil di tengah. Di belakang patung Buddha terdapat patung Dewi Belas Kasihan (Guan Yin). Kuil itu juga menyimpan koleksi lengkap Kanun Pāli, iaitu kitab agama Buddha. Tingkat kedua kuil ini merupakan tempat yang sesuai untuk merakam gambar pemandangan kuil jirannya iaitu Kuil Cheng Hoon Teng dan seluruh 'Jalan Harmony' kerana berdekatan dengan Masjid Kampung Kling dan Kuil Sri Poyatha Moorthi, yang melambangkan toleransi beragama yang telah lama wujud sebelum penubuhan negara moden Malaysia.
Tokong Kek Look Seah

Tokong Kek Look Seah; juga dipanggil sebagai Tokong Kek Lok Seah ialah sebuah tokong Cina yang terletak di Taman Happy Ipoh, Negeri Perak, Malaysia . Kuil ini terkenal dengan ramalan planchette dan mempunyai bilik perubatan di mana perubatan Cina diberikan - yang tidak biasa bagi kebanyakan kuil Buddha. Ini secara berterusan menjadikannya tersilap merujuk kepada ramai orang sebagai pertubuhan Dejiao walaupun ia adalah kuil Buddha cawangan Mahāyāna .
Kek Look Seah secara literal bermaksud "Masyarakat Sukhāvatī" dalam bahasa Hokkien (Minnan).
Kuil ini adalah salah satu pusat Buddha utama dalam masyarakat tempatan. Semasa hari lahir Buddha (Wesak), pusat dengan sokongan tempatan yang tinggal dalam komuniti akan menganjurkan jamuan vegetarian yang hebat di hadapan altar untuk disembahyangkan sebelum dimakan oleh para hadirin. Makanan yang dihidangkan semuanya dalam vegetarian kerana ajaran Buddha sentiasa menggalakkan orang ramai mengambil lebih banyak sayur-sayuran. Kuil ini juga mempunyai perkhidmatan krematorium yang terletak jauh dari kawasan kuil di Bercham (4°39′20.231″N 101°8′12.943″E﻿ / ﻿4.65561972°N 101.13692861°E﻿ / 4.65561972; 101.13692861 ).
Tokong Tian Hou Gong

Tokong Tian Hou Gong atau Tien Hou Kong (Cina: 天后宮) ialah sebuah tokong terletak di Jalan Balik Bukit utara Kampung Cina Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Tokong ini dinamakan sempena dewi yang disembah utama di sana iaitu Mazu, seorang pawang dari Fujian yang disembah masyarakat setempat sini.
Tokong ini dibina para imigran Hainan untuk memuja Shui Wei Sheng Niang (水尾圣娘) yang dipercayai terjumpa dalam suatu bangkai kapal jong yang tersadai di pantai Terengganu. Tempat ini pernah menjadi tumpuan utama keluarga yang tinggal sepanjang tebing Sungai Terengganu. Ia juga menjadi pelopor Persatuan Hainan (Qiongzhou Huiguan). Bangunan kuil itu kemudiannya dibina pada tahun 1895 untuk kedua-dua penyembah dan persatuan. Kebanyakan strukturnya dibina dengan bahan yang dibawa masuk dari China dengan bangunan itu siap pada tahun berikutnya.
Pada tahun 2003, tanah kuil itu hampir diambil alih oleh kerajaan negeri Terengganu di bawah pentadbiran Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) untuk projek pengindahan tepi pantai tetapi telah diterbalikkan berikutan bantahan besar penduduk setempat.
Kuil ini mempunyai tiga mezbah di dewan utamanya dengan dua papan roh nenek moyang yang didedikasikan untuk jiwa yang mengembara dan 108 penduduk kampung berani yang kehilangan nyawa mereka dalam suatu perang yang berlaku pasa zaman dahulu. Patung dewi Mazu dan Shui Wei Sheng Niang menduduki altar tengah manakala di sebelah kanan dikhaskan kepada Guan Yu dan Fude Zhengshen.
Katedral Santiago de Compostela

Katedral Santiago de Compostela (Galicia: Catedral de Santiago de Compostela), sebuah katedral bagi keuskupan agung yang diletakkan dalam Tapak Warisan Kebangsaan Santiago de Compostela dalam Galicia di Sepanyol. Katedral ini adalah tempat pengebumian Saint James the Great yang ternama, salah satu daripada penyampai Jesus Christ. Katedral ini dari segi sejarah merupakan suatu tempat ziarah di Laluan St. James, sejak Zaman Pertengahan Awal. Bangunan ini adalah struktur Romanesque bersama penambahan Gothic dan Baroque moden.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOoHyEEXxoA
Makam Yusuf

Makam Yusuf (Arab: قبر يوسف, Qabr Yūsuf, Ibrani: קבר יוסף, Qever Yosef) ialah tugu peringatan pengebumian yang terletak di kampung Balata di timur pintu masuk ke lembah tersebut yang memisahkan Gunung Gerizim dan Ebal, 300 meter barat laut dari Perigi Yakub, di pinggir bandar Nablus, Tebing Barat. Ia telah dihormati sepanjang zaman oleh Samaritan, bagi mereka ia merupakan tapak kedua tersuci; oleh orang Yahudi; oleh orang Kristian; dan oleh orang Islam, beberapa memandangnya sebagai lokasi syeikh zaman pertengahan tempatan Yusef Al-Dwaik.
Templat:Religious Sites in the Palestinian Authority Templat:Holy sites in Judaism
Pokémon Red dan Green

Pokémon Red dan Pokémon Green merupakan permainan siri RPG Pokémon yang pertama, diedarkan kali pertama untuk Game Boy di Jepun pada tahun 1996, kemudian diedar ke serata dunia pada tahun 1998 (Amerika Utara) dan 1999 (Eropah dan Australia). Terletak di dunia fantasi Kanto, cerita permainan ini mengikuti perkembangan watak utama dalam usahanya untuk menjadi master dalam perlawanan Pokémon.
Pocket Monsters Aka dan Midori telah direka semula untuk Game Boy Advance kepada Pokémon FireRed dan LeafGreen.
Di permulaan permainan, para pemain boleh memilih Bulbasaur, Charmander atau Squirtle sebagai Pokémon permulaan daripada Professor Oak. Mereka tidak boleh menangkap mana-mana permulaan atau evolusi-evolusi mereka di dunia liar atau menukar di dalam permainan; jadi, untuk menghabiskan Pokédex dengan semua 150 Pokémon, pemain perlulah memaut permainan-permainan dan menukar dengan pemain lain di dunia sebenar. Tujuan asas permainan ini ialah untuk menjadi pelatih terbaik di seluruh Kanto; ini dengan membesarkan Pokémon, mengalahkan kelapan-lapan Ketua Gym untuk Lencana Gym, dan mengalahkan Elite Four dan Jaguh, musuh pemain. Juga, di sepanjang permainan, Pemain perlu melawan Team Rocket, sebuah organisasi penjahat yang menggunakan Pokémon untuk kejahatan, dan akan berdepan dengan ketua mereka, Giovanni.
Permainan ini menjadi franchise blokbuster. Pokémon Red, Blue, dan Green telah dijual dalam anggaran 20.08 juta dicampur dengan di Jepun dan Amerika Syarikat.
Red FM

Red FM ialah stesen radio swasta berbahasa Inggeris yang telah ditamatkan pada 31 Disember 2015. Stesen ini bersiaran di Semenanjung Malaysia dan Singapura. Ia diuruskan oleh Rediffusion Radio Sdn. Bhd. (kini Star RFM)[1] milik Tan Sri Azman Hashim, anak syarikat Star Media Group Berhad. Red FM mula bersiaran pada 1 September 2001 dan kini menjadi salah satu daripada lima stesen radio bahasa Inggeris teratas di Malaysia.
Stesen ini disasarkan kepada pendengar bandar dan pinggir bandar, bermain muzik terpilih dari tahun 1980-an dan 1990-an serta kegemaran semasa. Dalam tinjauan pendengar 2015 yang dilakukan oleh GFK, Red FM memerintahkan pendengar mingguan sebanyak 325,000, yang menunjukkan peningkatan sebanyak 70%.
Pada 9 September 2016, syarikat TV satelit Astro mengumumkan rancangan untuk membeli Red FM dan Capital FM dari Star Radio dengan harga RM 42 juta. Astro berhasrat untuk menjenamakan semula dan menyiarkan dua stesen radio ini melalui platform udara dan dalam talian selepas pengambilalihan. Pengambilalihan itu selesai pada 30 Disember 2016 dan stesen ini kini dimiliki oleh Astro Radio dan tidak lagi berjenama. Dari 1 Februari hingga 1 Oktober 2017, stesen ini menyiarkan penghantaran ujian untuk penjenamaan yang akan datang dan laman web rasmi juga berhenti bekerja. Frekuensi Red FM kini digunakan oleh stesen radio baru Astro, Zayan yang berkonsepkan keislaman berkuatkuasa 2 Oktober 2017.
Semua frekuensi kini diambil alih oleh Zayan milik Astro Radio bermula 2 Oktober 2017.
Command & Conquer: Red Alert

Command & Conquer: Red Alert ialah permainan komputer strategi masa sebenar francais Command & Conquer, diterbitkan oleh Westwood Studios dan dikeluarkan oleh Virgin Interactive pada 1996. Permainan kedua memegang tajuk "C&C", Red Alert ialah prekuel kepada permainan video Command & Conquer asal, tahun 1995, dan berlaku di sejarah awal lain Command & Conquer apabila Pihak Berikat berperang dengan Kesatuan Soviet yang agresif untuk mengawal tanah besar Eropah.
NBC

National Broadcasting Company, NBC, (bahasa Melayu: "Syarikat Penyiaran Kebangsaan") ialah sebuah rangkaian televisyen Amerika Syarikat yang beribu pejabat di Bangunan GE di Pusat Rockefeller, Bandar Raya New York. NBC adakalanya dipanggil Peacock Network kerana logonya yang berupa burung merak.
NBC diasaskan oleh Perbadanan Radio Amerika (RCA) pada tahun 1926, dan pada tahun 1986 rangkaian ini diambil alih oleh General Electric (GE), melalui pembelian RCA berharga $6.4 bilion. GE sebelumnya memiliki RCA dan NBC hingga tahun 1930, ketika dipaksa untuk menjual syarikat radio itu sebagai akibat daripada tuduhan antitrust. Selepas pengambilalihan, ketua eksekutif NBC adalah Bob Wright, sampai dia pensiun, memberikan tugasnya kepada Jeff Zucker.
NBC boleh didapati di kira-kira 97% isi rumah AS pada tahun 2003, iaitu mencapai 103 orang penonton. NBC mempunyai 10 stesen milikan dan kendalian sendiri serta hampir 200 anggota sekutu di AS dan wilayah-wilayahnya.
Rangkaian NBC merupakan sebahagian syarikat media NBC Universal, iaitu sebuah unit General Electric dan Vivendi. Pada tarikh 1 Disember 2009, GE membeli sisa 20% saham daripada NBC Universal yang tidak dimiliki sendiri dari Vivendi. Pada tarikh 3 Disember 2009, Comcast mengumumkan akan membeli 51% saham daripada NBC Universal.
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Warna palsu

Warna palsu merujuk kepada kumpulan kaedah penunjuk warna yang digunakan untuk memaparkan imej dalam warna yang dicatatkan di bahagian spektrum elektromagnet yang kelihatan atau tidak kelihatan. Imej berwarna palsu adalah imej yang menggambarkan objek dalam warna yang berbeza dari foto tersebut (gambar berwarna benar) akan dipaparkan.
Di samping itu, varian warna palsu seperti pseudowarna, pengerasan ketumpatan, dan koroplet digunakan untuk pemvisualian maklumat sama ada data yang dikumpulkan oleh satu saluran skala kelabu atau data yang tidak menggambarkan bahagian-bahagian spektrum elektromagnet (misalnya ketinggian dalam peta bantuan atau jenis tisu dalam pengimejan resonans magnet).
Konsep di sebalik warna sebenar boleh membantu memahami warna palsu. Imej dipanggil imej warna benar apabila ia menawarkan pamer warna semulajadi, atau apabila ia hampir dekat dengannya. Ini bermakna bahawa warna kelihatan kepada pemerhati manusia sesuatu objek dalam imej dengan cara yang sama seolah-olah pemerhati ini melihat langsung objek: Pohon hijau kelihatan hijau dalam imej, merah epal merah, biru langit biru, dan sebagainya. Apabila diterapkan pada imej hitam-putih, warna benar bermakna pencahayaan subjek yang dirasakan dipelihara dalam gambarannya.
Walaupun penulisan artistik meminjamkan warna subjektif, Andy Warhol (1928-1987) telah menjadi tokoh budaya gerakan seni moden dengan mencipta lukisan berwarna palsu dengan teknik percetakan skrin. Beberapa cetakan Warhol yang paling dikenali termasuk mereplikasi Marilyn Monroe, imejnya berdasarkan kerangka filem dari filem Niagara. Subjek itu adalah simbol seks dan filem noir starlet yang kematiannya pada tahun 1962 mempengaruhi artis. Satu siri cetakan dibuat dengan daya tarikan tetapi mendedahkan orangnya sebagai ilusi melalui gaya pemasangan perakitan pengeluaran seni yang tidak erotik dan sedikit menakutkan. Menggunakan pelbagai palet warna dakwat, Warhol merendam dirinya dalam proses pengulangan yang berfungsi untuk membandingkan personas dan objek sehari-hari dengan kualiti pengeluaran massa dan konsumerisme. Warna dakwat dipilih melalui eksperimen estetik dan tidak berkaitan dengan penyataan warna palsu dari spektrum elektromagnet yang digunakan dalam pemprosesan penginderaan jauh. Selama bertahun-tahun, artis terus mencetak gambar warna palsu Marilyn Monroe, mungkin karya yang paling dirujuknya ialah Turquoise Marilyn yang dibeli pada Mei 2007 oleh pemungut peribadi untuk 80 juta dolar AS.
Simbol

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Sebuah simbol ialah objek yang mewakili atau memberi maksud ataupun melambangkan, sebuah idea, imej visual, kepercayaan, tindakan, atau entiti material. Simbol mengambil bentuk perkataan, bunyi, gerak isyarat ataupun imej visual, dan digunakan untuk menyampaikan idea dan kepercayaan. Sebagai contoh, sebuah oktagon berwarna merah dapat menjadi simbol "BERHENTI". Pada peta, gambar garpu dan sudu mungkin melambangkan tempat makan. Angka ialah simbol bagi nombor. Nama peribadi pula simbol mewakili individu. Dalam kebudayaan Barat, mawar merah mewakili kasih sayang.
Kajian akademik simbol adalah semiotik. Dalam kartografi, koleksi simbol yang tersusun membentuk legenda untuk peta.
Dalam bidang kartografi, sebuah himpunan simbol yang teratur membentuk penunjuk.
Jika anda melihat rencana yang menggunakan templat {{tunas}} ini, gantikanlah dengan templat tunas yang lebih spesifik.