davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Amashanyarazi kuri Kivu 56

Symbion Thermal Power Station niurugomero rw'amashnyarazi rutanga megawatts 56 ya gazi ya metani, rutanga umuriro w'amashanyarazi iherereye kuri Cape ya Busororo hafi y'umujyi wa Nyamyumba mu Karere ka Rubavu, mu Ntara y'Uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda .
Sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi iherereye i Cape Busororo, hafi ya Nyamyumba mu Burengerazuba bw'u Rwanda, nko muri kilometero 163, mu majyaruguru yuburengerazuba bwa Kigali, umurwa mukuru wu Rwanda. Aha hantu hareshya na kilometero 20, mumajyepfo ya Gisenyi, umurwa mukuru wintara.
Kivu 56 Amashanyarazi afite kandi akoreshwa Symbion Power LLC, ikigo cyigenga gitanga ingufu gifite icyicaro muri Amerika. Uruganda rugizwe nibikoresho bibiri: ( a ) kwishyiriraho hanze yinkombe ikuramo, itandukanya kandi itunganya gaze ya metani, ishonga mumazi maremare yikiyaga cya Kivu, hanyuma ikayigeza kuri ( b ) ikigo gitanga ku nkombe giherereye. kuri Cape ya Busororo, aho gaze ikoreshwa muguhindura gaz turubine kubyara amashanyarazi.
Sitasiyo ya Kivu 56 ni sitasiyo ya gatatu ikoreshwa na gaze metani mu Rwanda, nyuma y’amashanyarazi ya KivuWatt, itanga MW 25 kandi ikaba iri mu rwego rwo kwagura ingufu kugera kuri MW 100, na megawate 3.6, Urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rwa Kibuye 1, narwo rukaba rufite Symbion kandi rugenda rwiyongera kugeza kuri megawate50 .
Symbion Power yiyandikishije mu isosiyete ifasha u Rwanda ko ifite 100 ku ijana ku izina rya Shema Power Lake Kivu Methane Limited, gushushanya, gutera inkunga, kubaka, gutunga, gukora no kubungabunga sitasiyo ya Kivu 56. Turbine enye, buri gipimo cya megawatt 16, giha uruganda kubyara megawatt 56 z'ingufu zisukuye.
Dukurikije amasezerano yo kugura amashanyarazi yasinywe n’impande bireba, megawate 14, kuva kuri iyi sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi, biteganijwe muri 2018. Muri Nzeri 2017, Symbion yagurishije miliyoni 100 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu mishinga yayo ibiri yo mu Rwanda; aribyo Kibuye Amashanyarazi 1 na Kivu 56 Sitasiyo. Amafaranga azakoreshwa mugutezimbere amashanyarazi yombi kubyara megawate 106. Miliyoni 370 z'amadorali y'Amerika ziteganijwe gutegurwa kugira ngo zigere kuri iyo ntego.
Vivo Energy

Vivo Energy is a British downstream petroleum company with its headquarters in London. It maintains subsidiaries and operations in 23 countries across Africa that encompass the supply, storage, distribution, and retail of a range of petroleum products. Vivo Energy is a Shell and Engen Petroleum licensee and sources, distributes, markets and supplies fuels and lubricants. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index and of the JSE All Share Index until it was acquired by Vitol Group in July 2022.
Vivo Energy was established in 2011, as a partnership between Vitol Group, a Swiss-based Dutch-owned multinational energy and commodity trading company, and Helios Investment Partners, a United Kingdom-based private equity firm, with the objective to purchase majority shares in the downstream fuels business of Shell in Africa for approximately $1 billion.
Cape Verde, Senegal, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Tunisia joined Vivo Energy in December 2011. They were followed by Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea in February 2012; Botswana and Namibia in October 2012; Kenya in November 2012; Uganda in February 2013, Ghana in August 2013 and Mozambique in August 2013.
Vivo Energy had its initial public offering in May 2018 that saw its shares listed on the London Stock Exchange with a secondary listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. This IPO was the largest in the LSE in 2018 and saw the founding shareholders, Vitol and Helios, raise GBP 548 million.
Until spring 2019 Vivo Energy was a Shell licensee operating in 16 African markets: Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Senegal, Tunisia and Uganda. However, in March 2019, Vivo Energy completed a transaction with Engen Petroleum, adding eight new countries and 230 Engen-branded service stations to its network. The new markets for Vivo Energy were Gabon, Malawi, Mozambique, Réunion, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe; accordingly Vivo operates in 23 countries.
In July 2022, Vitol Group secured approval from the relevant regulatory and anti-trust bodies to acquire the company.
As of 31 December 2021, the company operates 2,463 service stations across its markets.
List of stations owned by Innovate Corp.

This is a list of stations owned by Innovate Corp. either under the HC2 Broadcasting, HC2 Holdings or DTV America holding company names. Innovate owns and operates 251 television stations, 248 of which are low-power facilities (with 39 as Class A licenses) and three of which operate as full-service facilities. These stations span across 112 designated market areas in the United States ranging from as large as New York, New York, to as small as Quincy, Illinois, and Traverse City, Michigan.
These stations have no local operations and rely almost entirely upon outsourced programming from third parties or the 24-hour feeds of digital multicast television networks for content. Station identification is inserted from Innovate's central hub midstream during programming, without regard to each network's local insertion opportunity . There is no customization among stations in the station IDs, all of them being a ten-second PowerPoint slide with call letters, channel number and city of license in italicized Calibri, and a default clock wipe in the middle of the sequence using the same production music cut. Sometimes, station IDs have displayed incorrect or out-of-date cities of license, or even the wrong identification for another station on the other side of the United States.
Innovate's companies sometimes operate on licenses for stations hundred of miles away, and "jump" their city of license multiple times until they land in the right metropolitan area; in one case, a station licensed to Springfield, Illinois, instead serves St. Louis, and is low power, not even having rimshot coverage of a part of the Springfield market.
One of their networks, Azteca América, was owned by Innovate Corp. until ending operations on December 31, 2022. Former affiliates of Azteca América, many of which have not announced replacement programming, are listed as <Was AA>.
Engen

Engen (延元) was a Japanese era of the Southern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Kenmu and before Kōkoku, lasting from February 1336 to April 1340. The reigning Emperors were Emperor Go-Daigo and Emperor Go-Murakami in the south and Emperor Kōmyō in the north.
During the Meiji period, an Imperial decree dated March 3, 1911 established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the direct descendants of Emperor Go-Daigo through Emperor Go-Murakami, whose Southern Court (南朝, nanchō) had been established in exile in Yoshino, near Nara.
Until the end of the Edo period, the militarily superior pretender-Emperors supported by the Ashikaga shogunate had been mistakenly incorporated in Imperial chronologies despite the undisputed fact that the Imperial Regalia were not in their possession.
This illegitimate Northern Court (北朝, hokuchō) had been established in Kyoto by Ashikaga Takauji.
Engen refinery

The Engen refinery is a crude oil refinery in Wentworth, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. It is owned by Engen Petroleum and operated from 1954 until a fire in 2020.
The Engen refinery is a crude oil refinery in Wentworth, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa operated by Engen Petroleum. It produced 120,000 barrels per day and while operational, was the second largest crude oil refinery in Durban, supplying about 17% of the nation's fuel.
The refinery is located in the centre of a residential area. The area around the refineries is colloquially known as "cancer valley" due to the provenience of cancers in the population. Leukaemia rates are 24 times greater than the national average. A 2002 study of the Settlers Primary School next to the refinery found hat 52% of the pupils suffered from asthma.
The refinery has been in operation since 1954, making it the oldest refinery in South Africa.
After Engen used the 1993 Regulation of Gatherings Act to ban protests outside the refinery, rights group the Right2Know Campaign took action in the High Court to prohibit such bans.
On 4 December 2020, an explosion at the refinery injured seven people. By April 2021, the refinery had remained closed since the blast. In 2021, Engen announced plans to convert the refinery into a storage facility. In March 2023, those plans were restated.
La Maison Tellier

La Maison Tellier zo un danevell c'hallek, gant Guy de Maupassant, embannet en 1881 en dastumad heñvelanvet, La Maison Tellier.
Unan eus re vrudetañ Maupassant eo, gant Boule de suif, hag evel honnezh all e c'hoarvez e bed ar gasterezh.
Hunvre

An hunvre (pe huñvre) eo ar pezh a vez santet evel heuliadennoù skeudennoù, mennozhioù, trivliadoù ha kement santidigezh c'hoarvezet d'un den pa vez kousket. Miret e vez an hunvre er soñj e-pad ur frapad amzer goude an dihun. E-pad un amzeriad resis er c'housk, hini al lagad lusk-dilusk, e c'hoarvez an hunvre.
N'eo ket dibunet ar darvoudoù hag an anadennoù hervez patromoù ar vuhez wirion ken eo dibosupl pe luziet-tre ar pezh a c'hoarvez ez-teorikel d'ar c'housker pa ne c'hell ket kaout kontrol warni peurvuiañ. Koulskoude e c'hoarvez da lod tud bezañ gouest da santout hunvreoù m'eo posupl dezho kemm traoù pe darvoudoù santet : an hunvreoù spiswel a reer anezho.
Gant hun ha bre eo bet savet ar ger hunvre.
Sandhi

Graet e vez sandhi (diwar ar sañskriteg संधि 'saṃdhi'; "liamm") gant ar yezhadurourien (da heul re India) eus kemmadurioù fonetikel a c'hoarvez gant ar soniadoù e degouezhioù 'zo. Arabat kemmeskañ ar c'hemmadurioù a c'hoarvez e brezhoneg hag e yezhoù all diwar abegoù yezhadurel hag ar sandhioù a c'hoarvez diwar abegoù fonetikel.
Pa c'hoarvez ar sandhioù e penn kentañ pe e dibenn ar gerioù e vez graet diavaez anezho ha pa c'hoarvezont e diabarzh ar gerioù e vez graet diabarzh anezho.
Renablet ha studiet pizh e oa bet ar sandhioù sañskritek hag ar reolennoù a ren anezho abaoe ouzhpenn 2500 vloaz zo en oberenn ar yezhadurour sanskritek Pānini (560-480 kent JK), an astādhyāyī. Lod anezho a zo heñvel e brezhoneg hag e sañskriteg.
Pa vez heuliet kensonenn dibenn ur ger gant ur vogalenn e teu, dre vras, ar gensonenn-se da vezañ mouezhiet:
Ar gerioù a echu gant "s" + kensonenn a chom divouezh:
A-wechoù, war-lerc'h ur gensonenn-dibenn, e c'hell ur gensonenn deroù-ger kaletaat ha dont da vezañ divouezh:
Gallout a reer kavout sandhioù diabarzh e brezhoneg pa vez savet gerioù diwar meur a elfenn, ur rakger hag ur wrizienn da skouer. Skouerioù:
Sandhioù a c'hell c'hoarvezout gant tonennoù daou c'her kichen-ha-kichen. Graet e vez sandhioù tonennel anezho .
Philip Kerr

Philip Kerr (° 22 a viz C'hwevrer 1956 e Dinedin (Skos)) a zo ur skrivagner skosat. Brudet eo dreist-holl a-drugarez d'e romantoù polis diazezet war an dudenn anvet Bernie Gunther. Brudet eo e levrioù evit ar vugale ivez, dreist-holl heuliad Bugale ar Gleuzeur (titl orin : Children of the Lamp).
Skoliataet e voe e Dinedin hag e Northampton. Etre 1974 ha 1980 ez eas da skol-veur Birmingham da studiañ ar Gwir ha da dapout un diplom. Labourat a reas e bed ar bruderezh evit Saatchi and Saatchi. Abaoe 1989 e kas holl e amzer o skrivañ. Skrivet en deus er Sunday Times, en Evening Standard hag en New Statesman. Dimezet eo gant ar skrivagnerez romantoù Jane Thynne. E Wimbledon (Londrez) emaint o chom, ha tri bugel o deus : William, Charlie ha Naomi. E romantoù evit an dud deuet a vez embannet gant an anv (?), padal en deus lakaet embann e levrioù evit ar vugale (Children of the Lamp) gant an anv P.B. Kerr.
Apofoniezh

Er yezhoniezh e vez implijet an termen apofoniezh (saoz.: apophony) war tachennoù ar fonologiezh hag ar vorfologiezh evit komz eus un doare kemmadur kensonennel pe vogalennek evit merkañ perzhioù pe arc'hweloù yezhadurel, da skouer kembraeg corff « korf » > cyrff « korfoù » ha brezhoneg maen > mein.
Peurliesañ e teu an apofoniezh diwar diorroadur ur yezh a-hed an amzer pa deu da vezañ ur perzh morfologel ha/pe kevreadurezhel kemmoù a orin fonologel.
Meur a zoare aponiezh ez eus hervez ma vez kemmet perzhioù ur vogalenn, ur gesonenn pe c'hoazh un donenn
Kemmañ a ra arc'hwel yezhadurel resis pe degouezh apofoniezh a yezh da yezh.
Kavet e vez stank apofoniezh vogalennek (anvet « dereziadur vogalennek » pa gomzer eus diorroadur an indez-europeg dre voaz) e yezhoù ar bed, da skouer e dinkeg:
Kemmet a c'hell bezañ ivez meur a elfenn dreistskizhel, en o zouez tonennoù, lec'h an taol-mouezh pe an hirder vogalennek, da skouer e vietnameg:
En albaneg e c'hell kemmañ hirder ar vogalennoù evit merkañ niver ha/pe jener an anvioù-kadarn, da skouer:
E saozneg e c'hell kemmañ lec'h an taol-mouezh evit lakaat an diforc'h etre un anv-kadarn hag ur verb, da skouer:
A-wezhoù, kentoc'h evit o lakaet da apofoniezh e vez dielfennet seurt kemmoù dreistskizhel evel kengerioù ispisial anvet « dreistgerioù ».
Implijet e vez an termen « kemmadur » evit komz eus an apofoniezh kensonennel, dreist-holl pa gomzer eus ar yezhoù keltiek. Estreget er yezhoù keltiek e vez kavet apofoniezh kensonennel, stank a-walc'h int e yezhoù ar bed, da skouer e bembaeg ma talvez ar c'hwibanusadur hag ar staonekadur da verkañ verboù kaozus:
Alies a-walc'h e c'hoarvez an apofoniezh gant kemmoù all, da skouer kengerioù staget ouzh ur wrizienn pe ur c'helf, da skouer e brezhoneg:
A-wezhoù e vez dielfennet ivez evel un doare apofoniezh ar patromoù treuzkemmadur implijet gant yezhoù semitek] evel an arabeg ma kemm vogelennoù implijet gant ar c'helfoù, da skouer:
Saozon

Ar Saozon zo ur bobl eus Bro-Saoz da gentañ penn, daoust ma’z eus aet lod anezho da vroioù all dre ar bed.
Dont a ra ar ger brezhonek "Saozon" eus anv ur boblad c’herman a veve gwechall e hanternoz Alamagn, ar Saksoned. Ul lodenn eus ar boblad-se a yeas da Enez Vreizh adalek dibenn ar V kantved. Gant ar pobladoù german all aet da Enez Vreizh (Angled, Juted) ez eont da ober ar pezh a vez anvet Angled-ha-Saozon gant an istorourien. Gant an dud-se e veze komzet hensaozneg, ur yezh hag a zo orin ar saozneg a gomzer hiziv. Derc’hel a reer d’ober anv eus Angled-ha-Saozon, koulz e saozneg hag e yezhoù all evel ar galleg, evit ober anv eus an dud a vev e broioù saoznek, anvet e saozneg the Anglo-Saxon world.
Tra ma reer e brezhoneg, hag er yezhoù keltiek all, gant ur ger deveret eus "Sakson" evit envel pobl ha yezh Bro-Saoz, e reer e kalz yezhoù all gant ur ger deveret eus anv ur bobl all, an Angled. Dont a ra ar gerioù English, England, anglais, Angleterre eus ar ger-se.
E kembraeg e reer, er yezh komzet, gant ar gerioù Sais pe Saeson el liester, evit ober anv eus tud a gomz saozneg, ha pa vefent Kembreiz. Daoust ma ne blij ket kement-se d’ar Gembreiz na ouzont ket kembraeg, e kaver skouerioù eus an implij-se a-gozh er yezh, gant anv ar barzh Elidir Sais da skouer, un den a veve er Grennamzer (war-dro 1190 – war-dro 1240) hag a ouie saozneg.
E diavaez ar Rouantelezh Unanet e c’hoarvez alies, e meur a yezh, e vefe graet Saozon (Anglais ha kement zo), dre fazi, eus annezidi Breizh-Veur, pe e vefent Saozon, pe e vefent Skosiz pe c’hoazh Kembreiz.
Sadomazoc'hegezh

Ar sadomazoc'hegezh zo un doare-ober reizhel a glask implij ar boan hag ar sujañ, pe yevañ, da dizhout ar blijadur reizhel.
Goude ma'z eus kaoz e levrioù kozh evel ar C'hamasoutra eus dantañ ha krabiñsat evit tizhout ar goursav ne vez sellet ouzh implij ar boan evel un ober reizh na naturel, met evel ur wallsiegezh, pe ur c'hleñved, gant ar bsikiatriezh evel gant ar relijionoù yuzev ha kristen .
Sadegezh a vez laret hiziv eus ober poan, ha mazoc'hegezh eus gouzañv ar boan. Diwar-se eo savet ar c'henger sadomazoc'hegezh.
Dont a ra ar ger sadegezh eus anv markiz Sade, skrivet gantañ kontadennoù ha romantoù a gont darempredoù diazezet war ar boan, ar jahinañ hag ar sujañ . Dont a ra ar ger mazoc'hegezh eus hini Sacher-Masoch, skrivagner aostrian, a gont ur garantez a dro da sujerezh en e romantig Venus im Pelz (Gwener foulinennet).
Koulskoude eo ret disfiziout ouzh ar gerioù. Er romant Gwener foulinennet n'eo nemet romantel plijadur ar gwaz sklavet gant ur vaouez hag he serc'h. Arabat e vije meskañ ar skrid lennegel ha gweledigezh ar sadomasoc'hegezh hiziv.
Hañval eo gant « sadegezh » skridoù Sade, a zo pell diouzh ar pezh a anver sadegezh bremañ. Dre vras e vez lavaret e fell d'an oberour diskleriañ an enebiezh filozofikel etre an daou seurt tud-mañ: ar re a gav gante eo mat an den dre natur, hag ar re a gav gante eo fall dre natur hag e rank mestroniañ e blegoù fall.
E-touez an oberoù a sadomazoc'hegezh e lakaer
A-wechoù e c'hall bezañ ur c'hoari, treiñ a c'hell d'ar ouezoni, ha ne vez ket aes gouzout pelec'h e krog an eil pe egile. Koulskoude, pa vez an arc'hant pe an nerzh da ziazez an darempredoù reizhel n'int ket graet evit plijadur reizhel an holl.
Kalz e vez implijet al lêr en obererezh sadomazoc'hek: da wiskañ ha da stagañ.
Tostaat a reer oberoù relijiel zo ouzh ar vazoc'hegezh a-wechoù.
N'eo ket berzet an darempredoù sadomazoc'hek gant al lezenn e broioù Europa pa c'hoarvez etre tud deuet emskiantek. Koulskoude ez eus bet ur varn gant Lez europat gwirioù mab-den a-enep an ober-se pa veze goulennet gant ar sklav paouez.
France Info

France Info zo ur radio publik gall a gelaouiñ dizehan krouet d'ar 1añ a viz Even 1987 gant Roland Faure ha Jérôme Bellay. Ur skourr eo eus ar strollad Radio France. War ar memes patrom e oa bet krouet ur chadenn skinwel e 2016.
Keleier dizehan a skign, diouzh ar mod ma c'hoarvez, a-hed an deiz.
Marie de France (barzhez)

Marie de France (fl.1160-1210) a oa ur varzhez, ar skrivagnerez kentañ a anavezer en Europa ar C'hornaoueg o skrivañ en he zeodyezh, eleze ar galleg ha n'eo ket e latin. Goude Chrétien de Troyes (~1130 – ~1185) e voe Marie de France en eil rummad skrivagnerien a dermenas ar fin'amor, ar garantez kourtes.
Brudet eo dre he Laeoù (~1165), he Fablennoù (~1175) hag he barzhoneg L'Espurgatoire Seint Patriz (~1190).
Ne ouzer netra diwar-benn Marie de France, war-bouez ar pezh a skrivas e gourfennskrid he Fablennoù :
Diresis e oa an anv France en XII kantved : douaroù prevez ar rouaned (Enez-Frañs hag an Orléanais) pe ar rouantelezh a-bezh. E Normandie e oa bet savet moarvat, pan eo ar rannvro nemeti a vez deskrivet ganti, ha pa c'hoarvez al lae Les Deus Amanz e Romilly-sur-Andelle (Eure).
Daoust ma vez lakaet Marie de France da skrivagnerez c'hall kentañ ez eo diaes gouzout a-zivout he yezh-vamm : ne anavezer hec'h oberennoù nemet dre eilskridoù dalif, a zo gwech e normaneg an Hanternoz, gwech e frañseg (Enez-Frañs hag Orléanais) ha gwech all e pikardeg. Bezet pe vezet, en ur yezh oil e skrive ar varzhez, hag anvet Romanz ganti.
Dasparzhet etre 33 dornskrid bet aozet etre an XIII kantved hag ar XV kantved e oa ar 104 fablenn a zo deuet betek ennomp
Diwar ysopet ar roue saoz Ælfred (~848-899), a oa fablennoù Aisopos e latin, e savas Marie de France ul lodenn he fablennoù. Biskoazh kentoc'h ne oant bet troet e galleg.
Lod all a voe awenet gant ar Romuli, da lavaret eo fablennoù troet pe skrivet gant "Romulus Imperator" er IV kantved ha gant Flavius Aviannus en hevelep mare.Gant Marie de France he-unan ez eo bet savet an darn vuiañ eus ar barzhonegoù-se.
Biskoazh a-raok Marie de France ne oa bet kinniget danvez Aesopios en un doare ken klok, e galleg he amzer, hag e gwerzennoù, en ur lakaat kentelioù buhezegezh ar fablour henc'hresian er gevredigezh [[Gladdalc'helezh |c'hladdalc'hel]] ; dreist treiñ hag azasaat a reas ar varzhez : adaozañ a eure.
Tro Bro-C'hall war varc'h-houarn

Tro Bro-C'hall war varc'h-houarn, pe Tro-C'hall war varc'h-houarn, zo ur redadeg war varc'h-houarn a c'hoarvez bep bloaz e miz Gouhere.
Ar redadeg kentañ a voe graet e 1903. Etre 1914 ha 1918 ne voe ket, nag etre 1940 ha 1946.
Etre 1915 ha 1918 Brezel-bed kentañ
1940-1946 Eil brezel-bed
Er XXIañ kantved
Breizhiz a vez o redek bep bloaz. Ha darn o deus gounezet:
Bretoned all o deus bet douget ar C'hrez melen :
Bistre

Bistre zo ur gêriadenn vihan eus biz Kembre, e Sir y Fflint. Evel ma c'hoarvez gant meur a anv-lec'h all el lodenn-se eus Kembre, e teu Bistre eus ar saozneg. Ur c'hembraekadur eo eus Bishopstree ("gwezenn an eskob").
Bugale Melrand

Bugale Melrand zo ur c'helc'h keltiek savet e Mêlrant, e Bro-Gwened, e 1973 aveit kas dañsoù Breizh àr-raok. Disklêriet eo èl ur gevredigezh hervez ar lezenn 1901 .
Krouet e oa bet Bugale Melrand e 1973, ha diazezet eo ar strollad e Mêlrant (Morbihan). Kavet e vez ennoñ àr-dro ur c'hant bennak a izili. Melrant a zo ur gêriadenn lec'hiet àr tri c'horn-bro (Bro Baod, Bro Pondi, Bro Pourlet). Ar c'helc'h a gizidik hag a gelenn da dud a bep oad an dañs, ar sonerezh, ar broderezh, ar brezhoneg hag ar c'han.
E gorollerezhioù hag e sonerezh a zo bremañ brudet, hag o c'halite o deus dibaset a-c'houde pell 'zo bevennoù Breizh. Ar c'helc'h Bugale Melrand a zo en eil rummad ar gengevredigezh « War 'l Leur », ha kinnig a ra korollerezhioù ha dañsoù hengounel Breizh.
Liesseurt eo oberoù ar gevredigezh, ha dreist-holl evit arvesterion dedennet get ar sevenadur :
Ar c'helc'h a gemer perzh dreist-holl e gouelioù ar rannvro èl Gouel etrekeltiek an Oriant, Gouelioù-Meur Kerne e Kemper, Gouelioù an Arvor e Gwened. E 44 blez eo bet kelc'h keltiek Bugale Melrand e Bro-Euskadi, Belgia, Bro-Iwerzhon, Italia hag e Sina (Shanghai e 2006 ; Pekin e 2008).
Pa vênt pedet da zañsal, emaint ambrouget get ur strollad sonerezh, mes mont a raont meur-a-wezh da zañsal ambrouget get Bagad Sant-Ewan Bubri.
Un tregont bennak a vugale e vez kavet hiriv e kelc'h ar re yaouankañ, ha mont a raont ivez da zañsal dirak arvesterion e-pad ar blez.
Aozet e vez bep blez get Bugale Melrand daou fest-noz : ur fest-noz trad' (e fin ar blez) hag ur fest-noz Nevez-Flamm (e fin miz Ebrel). Aozet e vez ivez alies getoñ sonadegoù en e sal.
Armel Calvé

Armel Calvé, ganet e Pariz d'an 3 a viz Mae 1924 hag aet da Anaon e Kemper, d'an 28 a viz Genver 2009, a oa ur poliser hag un emsaver en doa sikouret da sevel unan eus ar brasañ kevredigezhioù sevenadurel evit Brezhoned Pariz, ar c'helc'h keltiek Dugelezh Breizh. Paotr an Elle e oa e anv-drouiz hag e anv-pluenn.
Eus Bro ar Faoued hag hini Kemperle e oa e dud, met tremen a reas e vuhez e Pariz, evel poliser adalek 1945 hag aet da benn-ofiser polis pa 'z eas war e leve e 1978. Dimeziñ a reas gant ur vaouez eus ar Faoued, Marcelle Le Mestre. Dont a reas da chom da Vreizh, en e diez e Gwiskri hag e Kemper hag e tremenas kalz eus e amzer evit enklaskoù war Goursez Breizh ha war istor ar Vrezhoned o chom e Pariz.
E 1961 e krouas "Kenseurtiz Brezhoned Les Lilas hag tro war dro" (Amicale des Bretons des Lilas et environs) gant an doktor Peron ha Yann Kerlann hag eñ ar prezidant bloavezhioù-pad. Ezel e voe ar gevarzhe eus Unaniezh Brezhoned Pariz hag eñ eilprezidant anezhañ, pa oa ar c'helc'h keltiek ezel eus Kendalc'h. Ur spered emsaver politikel a voe gantañ pa nac'has ober enklaskoù polis e-keñver Talbenn Dieubidigezh Breizh.
O klask termeniñ petra eo Brezhoned Paris : « En desped da soñjoù boutin eo anat ne c'heller ket liammañ orin resis an den ouzh lec'h e c'hanedigezh, met, en un doare simploc'h, ouzh genoù e ziagentidi hag an desavadur anezhañ, gant ur ster ledan. .
Alfred Lajat

Alfred Lajat, ganet d'an 10 a viz Eost 1872 e Kintin ha marvet d'ar 26 a viz Here 1958 e Naoned, a oa mouller ha rener kazetennoù. Ezel e voe eus Gorsez Barzhed Breizh, gant an anv barzh Mab An Argoat.
Mab d'un apotiker e oa Alfred Lajat. E-pad ur pennad en doa bet c'hoant da vont da veleg met dilezel a reas ar soñj ha dont da vezañ komis noter.
War ali Frañsez Vallée e prenas ar gazetenn sizhuniek La Résistance, e 1898. Ober a reas anaoudegezh gant Frañsez Jaffrennou, a oa kenderv d'e wreg, Marie-Angèle Jaffrennou. Asambles gant Jaffrennou e savas Ti Kaniri Breiz ha mont a reas e-barzh Gorsez Barzhed Breizh asambles gantañ ivez, e 1910, gant an anv Mab an Argoat.
E 1905 e oa deuet da vezañ eil-prezidant an Union Régionaliste Bretonne, met e zilez a roas e 1909.
Pa voe krouet ar gazetenn divyezhek Ar Vro gant Jaffrennou e 1904, e kutaas Lajat renerezh La Résistance ha kemer a reas penn Ar Vro. E 1906 e prenas un ti-moullañ e Montroulez hag ennañ e voullas meur a gazetenn vreizhek ha meur a levr brezhonek :
E 1927 ez eas war e leve hag e kuitaas Montroulez da vont da Naoned. Eno e savas ur c'helc'h keltiek, gant un nebeud tud all evel Paul Ladmirault, e 1929. E Naoned e varvas d'an oad a 86 vloaz.
Niels Schneider

Niels Schneider (French: [nils ʃnɛdɛʁ]; born 18 June 1987) is a French-Canadian actor. He had his breakthrough role in Xavier Dolan's film I Killed My Mother (2009), and gained international recognition in Dolan's Heartbeats (2010). In 2011, he won the Trophée Chopard Award for Male Revelation of the Year at the Cannes Film Festival. In 2017, he won the César Award for Most Promising Actor for his performance in Dark Inclusion (2016). In 2019, he was named a Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters in France. He has been living and working based in Paris for most of his career.
Born in Paris,the second of five boys, he had an older brother and has three younger brothers. Schneider was 9 years old when his family moved to Montreal. He later became a naturalized citizen. He started his acting career doing voice-over jobs. His father, Jean-Paul Schneider, was an actor, and his mother, Isabelle Schneider, was a model. His paternal grandmother was a Russian Jewish immigrant to France, who came with her family as a child when they fled the Russian Revolution in 1920.
He has four brothers, including actors Aliocha, Volodiya, and Vassili Schneider. On 8 September 2003, their eldest brother, actor Vadim Schneider, and co-star Jaclyn Linetsky, both 17 years old, died as a result of a road accident while they were driving to the filming of an episode of 15/Love. Their minivan lost control and collided with oncoming traffic.
Schneider had his breakthrough role in Xavier Dolan's directorial debut film, I Killed My Mother (2009), and gained international recognition in Dolan's second feature film, Heartbeats (2010). In 2011, he won the Trophée Chopard Award for Male Revelation of the Year at the Cannes Film Festival.
In 2017, he won the César Award for Most Promising Actor for his performance in Dark Inclusion (2016).
In 2023, he starred in the television series Of Money and Blood, directed by Xavier Giannoli
His plays General Leclerc in a two-part biopic of Charles de Gaulle filmed in 2023 and 2024.
Schneider is an atheist.
Since 2017, Schneider has been in a relationship with actress Virginie Efira, with whom he co-starred in the films An Impossible Love (2018) and Sibyl (2019). Their first child, a son, was born on 28 August 2023. They live in the 11th arrondissement of Paris.
In 2019, Schneider was named a Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters in France.
In June 2024, Schneider signed a petition addressed to French President Emmanuel Macron demanding France to officially recognize the State of Palestine.
Fête

In the United Kingdom and some of its former colonies, a fête or fete is a public festival organised to raise money for a charity, typically held outdoors. It generally includes entertainment and the sale of goods and refreshments. Fetes are typically held annually, in the summer months.
Village fêtes are common in Britain. These are usually outdoor shows held on village greens or recreation grounds with a variety of activities. They are organised by an ad hoc committee of volunteers from organisations like religious groups or residents' associations. Fêtes can also be seen in former British colonies. In Australia, fêtes are often held yearly by schools and sometimes churches to raise funds.
Attractions seen at village fêtes include tombolas, raffles, bowling for a pig, coconut shies, bat a rat stalls, white elephant stalls, cakes, and home produce such as jams and pickles. Competitive baking, such as making Victoria sponge cake, is part of the classic British fête. Filmed in bunting-draped marquees in scenic gardens, The Great British Bake Off television series is inspired by the quintessential English village fête. Entertainment at fêtes may include Morris dancing, tug of war, fancy dress, and pet shows. The fête itself is a variation of a fair.
In Trinidad and Tobago and other English-speaking Caribbean territories, fêtes are huge parties held during the Carnival season.
Harvard University's Eliot House uses the term to refer to its spring formal. The Independence Day celebration in Bloomington, Minnesota, traditionally held on 3 July, has been known as Summer Fete since 1978.
In Australia, fêtes are typically held by primary schools and other not-for-profit organisations (e.g. the local Seniors' Club, church groups) as fundraisers.
The English word fête, pronounced /ˈfeɪt/ FAYT or /ˈfɛt/ FET, is borrowed from the Mediaeval Latin festus via the French fête, meaning "holiday" or "party". The 12th-century Middle English root fest- is shared with feast, festive, festal and festival, festoon, the Spanish fiesta, Portuguese festa, etc. and the proper name Festus.
Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré

Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.t‿an də bo.pʁe]) is a town in La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada, along the Saint Lawrence River, 35 kilometers (22 mi) north-east of Quebec City. The population was 2,803 according to the Canada 2006 Census. Major religious landmarks, the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré and the Convent of the Redemptoristines, are located in the town. The basilica continues to attract pilgrims.
Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré stands in a rolling agricultural country, with the foothills of the Laurentian Mountains in the background. The first church was built by sailors, seeking protection against shipwrecks off Ile-Oeuf on their way upriver to Quebec City. Saint Anne is the patron saint of sailors.
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré had a population of 2,888 living in 1,412 of its 1,499 total private dwellings, a change of 0.3% from its 2016 population of 2,880. With a land area of 62.38 km (24.09 sq mi), it had a population density of 46.3/km (119.9/sq mi) in 2021.
Population trend:
Mother tongue:
The Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré is a major Roman Catholic place of pilgrimage. It has a copy of Michelangelo's statue, the Pietà (the original is in the St. Peter's Basilica in Rome). The basilica is known as a place of miracles. One of the builders of the original church, Louis Guimont, helped build the church despite having severe scoliosis and needing the aid of a crutch. When the church was complete, he was able to walk independently.
Many subsequent visitors who have prayed at the church have left their canes, crutches and walking aids behind as testament to their healing. The main wall at the entry into the basilica is completely covered with crutches.
In addition to the basilica, the town contains numerous religious edifices, the chief being the Scala Santa, built in imitation of the Holy Stairs in Rome.
The town is home of the Cyclorama of Jerusalem, a circular painting depicting the city of Jerusalem at the time of the death of Jesus.
Canyon Sainte-Anne, lying 6 km east of the town, is a steep walled gorge. A 74 meters (243 ft) waterfall lies within the canyon. The canyon is accessible to visitors via footpaths and foot bridges.
Researchers have studied the intertidal marshes of the St. Lawrence estuary at Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré.
Statue of Victor Schœlcher

The Statue of Victor Schœlcher (French: Statue de Victor Schœlcher) is a bronze statue sculpted in 1896 by Louis-Ernest Barrias, then dedicated the following year in Cayenne in French Guiana, then a colony of France. The work celebrates Victor Schœlcher, who played a leading role in the abolition of slavery in 1848, representing him alongside a recently emancipated slave.
It was classified as a historic monument in 1999. Criticized for its paternalism and lack of attention to the role of free and enslaved black people in the abolition movement, it was covered during protests in 2017. Then in 2020, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and reactions to the murder of George Floyd, it was the object of vandalism before being taken down.
The statue is located in Cayenne.
It stood until 2020 in Victor-Schœlcher Square, previously Victor-Hugo Square. This square is located at the intersection of rue Louis-Blanc, rue du Docteur-Sainte-Rose, and rue des Peuples-autochtones (previously rue Christophe-Colomb).
The statue was taken down in 2020 and placed in a city warehouse.
Arabian riff

"Arabian riff", also known as "The Streets of Cairo", "The Poor Little Country Maid", and "the snake charmer song", is a well-known melody, published in different forms in the 19th century. Alternate titles for children's songs using this melody include "The Girls in France" and "The Southern Part of France".
There is a clear resemblance between the riff and the popular French song Colin prend sa hotte (published by Christophe Ballard in 1719), whose first five notes are identical. It also has been compared to an Algerian folk song Kradoutja.
A version of the riff was published in 1845 by Franz Hünten as Melodie Arabe. The melody was described as an "Arabian Song" in the La grande méthode complète de cornet à piston et de saxhorn par Arban, first published in 1864.
Sol Bloom, a showman (and later a U.S. congressman), published the song as the entertainment director of the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893. It included an attraction called "A Street in Cairo" produced by Gaston Akoun, which featured snake charmers, camel rides and a scandalous dancer known as Little Egypt. Songwriter James Thornton penned the words and music to his own version of this melody, "Streets Of Cairo or The Poor Little Country Maid". Copyrighted in 1895, it was made popular by his wife Lizzie Cox, who used the stage name Bonnie Thornton. The oldest known recording of the song is from 1895, performed by Dan Quinn (Berliner Discs 171-Z).
The song was also recorded as "They Don't Wear Pants in the Southern Part of France" by John Bartles, the version sometimes played by radio host Dr. Demento.
In France, there is a song which pieds-noirs from Algeria brought back in the 1960s called "Travadja La Moukère" (from trabaja la mujer, which means "the woman works" in Spanish), which uses the same riff.
Partial lyrics:
It has been used as a basis for numerous songs:
The tune is used for a 20th-century American children's song with – like many unpublished songs of child folk culture – countless variations as the song is passed from child to child over considerable lengths of time and geography, the one constant being that the versions are almost always obscene. One variation, for example, is:
or a similar version:
አፍሪቃ

አፍሪቃ (አፍሪካ) ከዓለም ሁለተኛ ትልቅ አህጉር ነች። ከ1,869 ሚሊዮን በላይ ህዝብ በዚች አህጉር የሚኖር ሲሆን በጠቅላላ 56 ሀገሮች ይገኛሉ። ከእነዚህም ሀገሮች መሀል ናይጄሪያ በህዝብ ብዛት (127 ሚሊዮን) የመጀመሪያውን ደረጃ ስትይዝ፤ ግብፅና ኢትዮጵያ በ126 ሚሊዮን እና በ120 ሚሊዮን ህዝብ በሁለተኛና በሶስተኛ ደረጃ ይገኛሉ፡፡ በአሁኑ ወቅት የህዝብ ብዛት በከፍተኛ ሁኔታ መጨመር ከሌሎች የፖለቲካና ኢኮኖሚያዊ ሁኔታዎች ጋር በመደማመር ድህነትን በማባባስ ደረጃ ትልቅ ሚና ይጫወታል፡፡
ከስድስቱ ዓለማት አንዱ አፍሪካ ነው። አፍሪካ ሰፊ ነው። የዓለምም አራተኛ ክፍል ይሆናል። ከኤውሮጳ የሚለየው በሜዴቲራኒያን ባሕር ነው። ከአሜሪካም በአትላንቲክ ውቅያኖስ ይለያል። ከኒው ዮርክም ቢሆን ወይም ከቦስቶን ከአሜሪካ የሚቀርበው ክፍል ሦስት ሺህ ማይል ይሆናል። ነገር ግን በጊብሮልታር (ጂብራልታር) 0ኩል የሆነ እንደ ሆነ ለኤውሮጳ በጣም ቅርብ ነው።
ከእስያ በኤርትራ ባሕር ይለያያል። የሆነ ሆኖ እስያ ባንድ ወገን ሱዝ ካናል በሚባለው በኩል ከአፍሪካ ጋር ተጋጥሞአል። ሙሴ ሌስፖስ መርከብ እንዲተላለፍ ብሎ አስቆፍሮ ያስከፈተው በዚህ በኩል ነው።
አፍሪካ ከሌላው ዓለም ይልቅ የታወቀው በጣም ትንሽ ነው። ኤውሮጳውያን ደኅና አድርገው አፍሪካን አልመረመሩትም። ከሕዝቡ የሚበልጡት ሻንቅሎች ናቸው። ከነዚህም ብዝዎቹ በነገድ የተለያዩ ናቸው።
ዓየሩ ሙቀት ያለው ስለ ሆነ፣ ለመጠጊያቸው የሚፈልጉት ትንሽ ጎጆና ትንሽ ልብስ ነው። ስለዚህ ቤታቸው የተዋረደ ነው። ቅጠላቅጠሉን ጎጆ ሠርተው በትንሽ ቤት ይኖራሉ። መቸውንም ልብሳቸው አንዲት ቁራጭ ጨርቅ ናት፤ በወገባቸውም ይጠመጥሟታል።
ከሻንቅሎቹ በቀር ደግሞ ሌሎች አያሎች የአፍሪካ ዘሮች አሉ። ከግብፅ ጀምሮ እስከ ሐበሻ ድረስ ያሉት ባላገሮች የጥንት ግብፃውያንነታቸውን ሳይለቁ ከቱርኮችና ከዐረቦች ከሌሎችም የተቀላቀሉ ናቸው።
ሰሐራ የሚባለውን ልክ የሌለውን በረሃና በዙሪያው ያለውን አውራጃ ሁሉ ጨምረው ፈረሶቻቸውንና ግመሎቻቸውን ይዘው ለማሰማራት ወይም ለመዝረፍ ከአንዱ ወዳንዱ የሚዞሩ አረቦች ይዘውታል።
አፍሪካ በመላው ወደ ሥልጣኔ ያልደረሰ ነው ተብሎ ይታሰባል፤ ከሕዝቡ የሚበዙት እስላሞች ናቸው።
በመካከለኛው አፍሪካ አንበሳ፤ ዝሆን፣ አውራሪስ፣ የሜዳ አህያና ሌሎችም አራዊት ይገኙበታል። በደኑ ሁሉ ጦጣና ዝንጀሮ ይንጫጩበታል። በጫካው ውስጥ ዘንዶና ሰጎን ሞልተዋል። በሜዳው አጋዘንና ድኩላ፣ የሜዳ ፍየል ተሰማርተው ይታያሉ። በየወንዙና በየባሕሩ ጎማሬ ይታያል። አዞ በረጋ ውሃ ውስጥ ትኖራለች። አዕዋፍም በየስፍራው ሁሉ ይታያሉ።
የመካከለኛው አፍሪካ ሪፐብሊክ

የመካከለኛው አፍሪካ ሪፐብሊክ
በ1952 ዓም የፈረንሳይ ኡባንጊ-ሻሪ ቅኝ ግዛት «የመካከለኛው አፍሪካ ሪፐብሊክ» ተብሎ ነፃነቱን አገኘ። በ1969 ዓም የሀገሩ ፕሬዝዳንt ዦን-በደል ቦካሣ እራሱን «ንጉሠ ነገሥት ቀዳማዊ ቦካሣ» ሹሞ እስከ 1972 ዓም ድረስ የሀገሩ አጠራር «የመካከለኛው አፍሪካ ንጉሠ ነገሥት መንግሥት» ሆኖ ነበር።
ደቡብ አፍሪካ

በደቡብ አፍሪቃ ሕገ መንግሥት መሠረት 11 ልሳናት በእኩልነት ይፋዊ ኹኔታ አላቸው። ከነዚህ መካከል ኳዙሉ ከሁሉ ብዙዎች ተናጋሪዎቹ በአገሩ ውስጥ አሉት፤ ቆሣ በቁጥር ብዛት 2ኛው ነው። ከነዚያ በኋላ በተናጋሪዎች ብዛት አፍሪካንስ 3ኛው፣ ስሜን ሶጦ 4ኛው፣ እንግሊዝኛም 5ኛው፣ ጿና 6ኛው፣ ደቡብ ሶጦ 7ኛው፣ ጾንጋ 8ኛው፣ ሷቲ 9ኛው፣ ቬንዳ 10ኛው፣ ንዴቤሌም 11ኛው ነው። ብዙ ሰዎች እስከ 6 ቋንቋዎች ድረስ የመናገር ዕውቀት አላቸው፤ ከነጭም ዜጋዎች አብዛኛው አፍሪካንስና እንግሊዝኛ ሁለቱን ይችላሉ።
ትልቁ ከተማ ጆሃንስበርግ ሲሆን ዋና ከተሞቹ ሦስት ናቸው፤ እነርሱም ኬፕ ታውን፣ ብሉምፎንቴንና ፕሪቶሪያ ናቸው። ይህ ፓርላሜንቱ በኬፕ ታውን፣ ላዕላይ ችሎቱ በብሉምፎንቴን፣ ቤተ መንግሥቱ በፕሪቶሪያ ስለ ሆነ ነው።
ስመ ጥሩ የሆኑት የደቡብ አፍሪካ ሙዚቀኞች ሂው ማሴኬላ እና ሌዲስሚስ ብላክ ማምባዞ ናቸው። የደቡብ አፍሪካ ሙዚቀኞች አሁን የራሳቸውን ዘመናዊ ሙዚቃ ዓይነት «ኳይቶ» አላቸው።
የአገሩ አበሳሰል የተለያየ ነው። ብዙ ኗሪዎች የተቀመመ በሬ ቋሊማ ጥብስ (ቡረቮርስ)፣ የበቆሎ አጥሚት (ኡምጝቁሾ)፣ የተቀመመ ዶሮ፣ እና የተቀመመ ወጥ (ካሪ) ይወድዳሉ።
የተወደዱ እስፖርቶች እግር ኳስ፣ ክሪኬት እና ራግቢ ናቸው።
በአገር ቤት ሜዳዎች አንበሣ፣ ቀጭኔ፣ ጉማሬ፣ ጅብና አውራሪስ ሞልተው ሊታዩ ይቻላል።
ስሜን አፍሪካ

ስሜን አፍሪካ በአፍሪካ ስሜን ያለው አውራጃ ነው። በተመድ ትርጒም፣ ፯ አገራት ይጥቅልላል እነርሱም አልጄሪያ፣ ግብጽ፣ ሊብያ፣ ሞሮኮ፣ ሱዳን፣ ቱኒዚያና ምዕራባዊ ሣህራ ናቸው።
11
ምሥራቅ አፍሪካ

ምሥራቅ አፍሪካ በአፍሪካ ምሥራቅ ያለው አውራጃ ነው። በተመድ ትርጒም፣ 18 አገራት ይጥቅልላል፣ እነርሱም ታንዛኒያ፣ ኬንያ፣ ኡጋንዳ፣ ርዋንዳ፣ ቡሩንዲ፣ ደቡብ ሱዳን፣ ጅቡቲ፣ ኤርትራ፣ ኢትዮጵያ፣ ሶማሊያ፣ ኮሞሮስ፣ ሞሪሸስ፣ ሲሸልስ፣ ሞዛምቢክ፣ ማዳጋስካር፣ ማላዊ፣ ዛምቢያ፣ ዚምባብዌ እና ፪ የፈረንሳይ ደሴት ግዛቶች፣ ሬዩንዮንና ማዮት ናቸው።
ደቡብ የሱዳን የመጨረሻዋ ሀገር ነች።
Sheger Park

Sheger Park (Amharic: ሸገር ፓርክ), also known as Friendship Park, is the biggest urban park in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The park is right next to Unity Park (which houses a zoo, and historical archives). Unity Park was opened by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed with foreign heads of state and government such as the president of Uganda, the president of Kenya, the president of Somalia, and the prime minister of Sudan.) Sheger Park was opened on 10 September 2020, in the presence of high-level Ethiopian government ministers, the president, the prime minister and the first lady.
The park is located in the political center of Addis Ababa where government offices as the Prime Minister and parliament are next to and close by. The park has an artificial lake, a square to gather and also water fountain lights at nighttime. It also contains lots of flowers with diverse species of flora. The project has helped Addis Ababa to become greener, which has enabled the city to enter Bloomberg's 2022 "Best Climate Projects" in C40 Cities Bloomberg Philanthropies Awards.
Africa Park

Africa Park is a park situated along Menelik II Avenue in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It stretches from Menelik Palace to the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. Established in 1963, the park commemorates the foundation of the Organization of African Unity. It has been re-designed by Show Engineering Workshop in 1999 by Olivier Panhuys and architect Charbel Sassine. The park contains trees that were planted by heads of state during the 1963 inauguration, each tree bearing a label stating the leader's name alongside the flag of the nation.
Rema, Ethiopia

Rema is a village in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia, 220 km North of Addis Ababa.
The special feature of the village is that almost only solar panels are used for electricity generation.
In 2005 there was a plan to provide a diesel generator for the generation of electricity for the houses, schools, small businesses and a health clinic. The residents refused to accept the gift because the generator is used only a limited amount of time per day because they cannot afford the ever-increasing costs of diesel. In addition, the residents had seen the use of solar panels in the neighboring hamlet Kechemober. These were installed in 29 households and a school thanks to a pilot project of a German foundation.
The people of Rema also wanted solar panels. After a thorough training of a number of local residents for the assembly, installation, and maintenance of solar panels, 1100 units were installed in 2007. Microfinance allowed the residents to pay the costs. In the year 2011, 2200 units were installed. Except for lighting with LED lamps for street lighting, in homes and schools - especially for evening adult education - solar energy is used for water pumps, disinfection of water, fridges and TVs. Because no kerosene is used anymore for lighting, the number of complaints as a result of smoke (lung problems) is reduced.
The peculiarity of the use of solar energy in this way led to a visit of Bill Clinton and his daughter Chelsea Clinton to the village in 2008.
Romans in sub-Saharan Africa

Between the first century BC and the fourth century AD, several expeditions and explorations to Lake Chad and western Africa were conducted by groups of military and commercial units of Romans who moved across the Sahara and into the interior of Africa and its coast. However, there was a more significant Roman and Greek presence in modern-day Eritrea and Ethiopia. The primary motivation for the expeditions was to secure sources of gold and spices from Axumite piracies.
Romans referred to sub-Saharan Africa as Aethiopia (Ethiopia), which referred to the people's "burned" skin. They also had available memoirs of the ancient Carthage explorer, Hanno the Navigator, being referenced by the Roman Pliny the Elder (c. 23–79) and the Greek Arrian of Nicomedia (c. 86–160). However, how much they were read, believed, or found interesting to the Romans is unknown.
The Romans organized expeditions to cross the Sahara along five different routes:
All these expeditions were supported by legionaries and had mainly a commercial purpose. Only the one conducted by emperor Nero seemed to be a preparative for the conquest of Ethiopia or Nubia; in 62 AD, two legionaries explored the sources of the Nile.
One of the main objectives of the explorations was to locate and obtain gold, using camels to transport it overland back to Roman provinces on the Mediterranean coast.
The explorations near the coasts were supported by Roman ships and deeply related to overseas commerce.
The Romans conducted five main explorations: two in the western Sahara, two in the central Sahara, and one in the area of Lake Chad.
In western Sahara there were two Roman expeditions but, just south of the Atlas Mountains:
From the first century AD there is evidence (coins and fibulae) of Roman commerce and contacts in Akjoujt and Tamkartkart near Tichit in Mauritania.
The two main explorations/expeditions in the central Sahara were:
However, some historians (like Susan Raven) believe that there was even another Roman expedition to sub-Saharan central Africa: the one of Valerius Festus, that could have reached the equatorial Africa thanks to the Niger River.
Roman coins have been found in areas of the present-day Guinea, Ghana, Nigeria, Niger, and Togo. However, it is much more likely that all these coins were introduced at a much later date than that there was direct Roman intercourse so far down the western coast. No single article unmistakably originating in Africa south of the Equator has been discovered in the Graeco-Roman world or in contemporary Arabia, nor is there any mention of such an article in written records: while the coins are the only ancient European or Arabian articles that have been found in the central parts of Africa.
Dilla University

Dilla University (Amharic: ዲላ ዩኒቨርስቲ) is a public university in Dilla town, South Ethiopia Regional State, Ethiopia. Located in Gedeo Zone, it has over 45,000 students belonging to different faculties. Dilla University is often referred to as "University of the Greenland" because of the vibrant greenery in and around Gedeo area.
Dilla University has its origins in the Dilla College of Teachers' Education and Health Sciences, first established in 1996. In 2001, it was included in the expansion of a regional Debub University ("Southern" University). From this point, the Dilla campus grew to house 12 departments, though retained a fairly small student base. In 2006, the Council of Ministers granted Dilla its own certification as an independent university, and Debub University was renamed Hawassa University.
Academics at Dilla University are organized into six colleges (Technology and Engineering; Business and Economics; Health and Medical Science; Social Science and Humanities; Agriculture and Natural Resources; and Natural and Computational Science), two institutes (Indigenous Studies; and Education and Behavioural Science), as well as Center for Language, culture, and society; separate Schools of Law, Continuing and Distance Education; and Graduate Studies.
Dilla University has 62 undergraduate, 45 masters and 4 PhD degree programs. These programs are offered in different disciplines including Agriculture, Business, Education, Engineering, Health Sciences, Natural and Social Sciences.
The university also hosts specialized research centres focused on energy and the environment; education; Food and Nutrition; and Child, Women and Youth.
List of programs offer in Dilla University.
Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute

The Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute (ESSTI) is an Ethiopian institute for research, training and infrastructure development in space science, created in 2016.
The Ethiopian Space Science Society (ESSS) was created as a citizens' association in 2004. ESSS helped to organise the creation of Entoto Observatory in 2014 and of the Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute in 2016. ESSTI was formally established by the Hailemariam Desalegn Cabinet, under regulation No. 916/2015.
ESSTI was mandated to carry out research and training in space science and to develop and encourage space science and aerospace development and infrastructure in Ethiopia.
Abdissa Yilma was ESSTI's general director in 2021. As of December 2020, Yeshurun Alemayehu was ESSTI's deputy general director.
Together with the creation of ESSTI, the Space Council was created to oversee Ethiopian space science policies and the implementation of ESSTI proposals.
ESSTI's first satellite, ETRSS-1, is a 72 kg remote sensing microsatellite, co-designed by Ethiopian and Chinese engineers and launched in December 2019.
ESSTI's second satellite, ET-SMART-RSS, an 8.9 kg nanosatellite, also designed and built in Ethiopian–Chinese collaboration, was launched from Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site on 22 December 2020.
Research and teaching departments in ESSTI include the Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Department, with research in fields including extragalactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, cultural astronomy and cosmology. As of February 2021, the department had graduated 11 master's students and 5 doctoral students. Mirjana Pović, an assistant professor of the department and head of the department from 2018 to 2020, was awarded the inaugural Jocelyn Bell Burnell Inspiration Medal in 2021 by the European Astronomical Society for her contributions to the development of "astronomy, science and education as a route out of poverty and to improve the quality of life for young people in Africa."