davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
St. Elijah–Colței Inn Church

The St. Elijah–Colței Inn Church (Romanian: Biserica Sfântul Ilie–Hanul Colței) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 18 Doamnei Street in the Lipscani quarter of Bucharest, Romania. It is dedicated to the Prophet Elijah.
Reportedly, around 1725–1730, Clucer Radu Colțea built a wooden church on land that passed to the Colței Inn after 1745. In 1841, inn manager Lazăr Kalenderoglu demolished the church and built the present one a short distance away; both had as their patron Elijah, the protector of travelers by land. In 1954, the Bucharest Archdiocese renovated the church and handed it over to the local Bulgarian community. The grant was formalized that October during a re-sanctification ceremony involving Romanian Patriarch Justinian, his Bulgarian counterpart Cyril and a large number of priests from both countries. In 2009, as part of an effort to reclaim properties lost under the communist regime, the Romanian Church reclaimed the building, which underwent restoration and consolidation in 2012-2015.
Located at the end of a yard, the basilica-shaped church measures 22.5 meters long by 13 meters wide. It has three naves, the central one being longer than the others, with its semicircular altar apse. The small octagonal bell tower on the western facade is covered in tin, with a pyramidal roof. Entrance is through a small vestibule with a pediment featuring a three-lobed arch resting on simple columns and corner pilasters. The long ceiling of the main nave is flat, while the lateral naves have curved ceilings each resting on three columns. A round window above the entrance lights the wooden choir area. The facades are decorated with neoclassical touches: pilasters support an architrave and cornice slightly in profile. The western facade has a trapezoidal pediment merging into the base of the dome. The sides have two rows of buttresses that sustain pressure from the ceiling arches. The interior is painted in fresco, while the entrance is flanked by icons in niches of Saints Peter and Paul.
The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs, as is the late-19th century parish house.
44°25′59″N 26°06′10″E﻿ / ﻿44.4331°N 26.1027°E﻿ / 44.4331; 26.1027
Pitar Moș Church

The Pitar Moș(u) Church (Romanian: Biserica Pitar Moș) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 16 Pitar Moș Street and at 45 Dionisie Lupu Street in Bucharest, Romania. It is dedicated to the Dormition of the Theotokos.
The church is located on the site of an earlier wooden church, called Popa Ivașcu’s. The present structure was built of masonry in 1795 by Prince Alexander Mourouzis; it was decorated with frescoes on bare mortar. It was mentioned by ban Mihai Cantacuzino on an 1828 plan, and in registers of 1810 and 1831. Its current name, first appearing in 1818, is believed to have initially referred to the surrounding district, where an old man (moș), a Bulgarian gardener named Pedar, cultivated vegetables; he lived over a century and died before 1805. According to the old pisanie, repairs took place in 1898. Consolidation, financed by parishioners, was undertaken after the 1940 earthquake. More repairs happened in 1964, and it was re-sanctified by Patriarch Justinian Marina in 1966, when the painting was redone. In 2003, the facade was repaired and painted in white, and a new, carved entrance door was installed.
The cross-shaped church measures 24 meters long by 9.5-10.7 meters wide, with slightly deep side apses, polygonal on the exterior. The two square-based domes are nearly equal in size and have bulb-shaped roofs. The slightly projected cornice runs along the arches of the side facades of both the octagonal bell tower and the twelve-sided Pantocrator dome. The enclosed portico with ornamental stained-glass windows, has a wide middle arch. The narthex is covered by a rounded ceiling between two wide arches. The first part of the nave is covered in a barrel vault, while the Pantocrator dome rises above the center. The stained glass is decorated with crosses. A slender belt course decorated with vines divides the facade into two sections. The upper part has painted panels on recessed rectangles of varying sizes. The cornice and the narrow frieze, formerly painted with floral motifs, run beneath the wide eaves of the tin roof. The well-planted churchyard connects the entrance on Pitar Moș Street with Dionisie Lupu Street, near the altar.
The church was listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs in 2023. Also listed were the parish house, stone cross and grounds.
44°26′35″N 26°06′05″E﻿ / ﻿44.4430°N 26.1013°E﻿ / 44.4430; 26.1013
Bulgarian historiography

Bulgarian historiography refers to the methodology of history studies developed and used by Bulgarian historians.
Certified Bulgarian historiography dates back to the 17th century.
In principle, the terms Bulgarian Historiography and Historiography of Bulgaria overlap, given that until the liberation of Bulgaria there are only two stories (the first of Bulgaria and the second of Bulgarians) written by foreign authors – Blasius Kleiner (1761) and on Konstantin Jireček (1876).
Bulgaria and the Bulgarians are widely attested in medieval chronicles and writings, but their thematic independent history is absent until the 17th century. The first major work concerning Bulgarian history is the Kingdom of the Slavs. It serves to support many other works.
From 1667 dates the first independent Bulgarian history of Petar Bogdan, which is entitled About the antiquity of the father land and the Bulgarian affairs. It is debatable whether it was printed in Venice at all, but this story remains without any social significance. The author is Bulgarian but a Catholic missionary. It was not until the next 18th century when with the Enlightenment and the rise of nationalism in Europe was composed the so-called Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya, which played a huge role and was of fundamental importance for Bulgarian historiography. Spyridon Gabrovski used the library of the Neamț Monastery to supplement his knowledge and in 1792 he managed to complete a "Short history of the Bulgarian Slavic people".
Professional Bulgarian historiography came to fruition in the 19th century after the creation of an independent Bulgarian state in 1878. The main credit for this is due to two authors – Spiridon Palauzov with his Century of the Bulgarian Tsar Simeon, ie. The Golden Age of medieval Bulgarian culture (1852) and Konstantin Jireček with his History of the Bulgarians (1876).
From 1878 to World War I, the main focus of historical research was medieval Bulgarian history. During this period, historiography helped shape national consciousness and pride using historical knowledge, in line with other European countries as well as other Balkan states. Positivism and romanticism was prevalent, along with politicization of the profession. Sofia University became the center of historical research. The period after World War II saw Marxist methodology being imposed, in symbiosis with nationalistic tendencies which grew after the 1960s.
Vidin Synagogue

The Vidin Synagogue (Bulgarian: Видинска синагога, romanized: Vidinska sinagoga) is a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, whose ruins are located at Baba Vida Street, in Vidin, in northwest Bulgaria. Designed in the Romanesque Revival and Rundbogenstil styles, the former synagogue was completed in 1894.
A national monument of culture in Vidin, the former Sephardic synagogue is situated in the Kaleto neighbourhood next to the Baba Vida castle and the banks of the Danube. It was the second-largest synagogue in Bulgaria after the Sofia Synagogue.
The building was desecrated during World War II, was in ruins for approximately forty years, subsequently restored, and was repurposed as the Jules Pascin Cultural Centre, named in honour of painter Jules Pascin, that opened in September 2023.
Prior to construction of the current building, an old synagogue existed on the site, constructed with the support of Yakov Jacob Gattegno, a noble. The synagogue was destroyed in 1789 and rebuilt in 1839, with the support of Raphael Ashkenazi, and this building was again devastated by artillery fire during the Russo-Turkish War.
The foundations of the new, current synagogue were laid in 1890 and its construction was funded by merchants from the local Jewish community. The synagogue was consecrated on 28 September 1894 by Chief Rabbi of Bulgaria, Dr. Moritz Grünwald. This building was used as a house of prayer, accommodating up to 1,000 worshipers, until World War II, where it was again desecrated. After the aliyah of the Vidin Jews in the 1950s, the former synagogue was left derelict and then was used for profane purposes. An earthquake in 1976 further damaged the building and it lay in a ruinous state.
The Bulgarian government initiated its reconstruction as a concert hall in 1983. However, the project was abandoned with the fall of the communist regime in 1989, leaving the synagogue without a roof.
The former synagogue was added to the World Monuments Watch in 2004. In 2017, the Bulgarian Jewish community transferred ownership to the Municipality of Vidin and in May 2021, ground was broken for the synagogue's full reconstruction using EU and national funds. On 4 September 2023, the former synagogue reopened as a museum and multi-purpose cultural centre dedicated to the Vidin-born Jewish painter Jules Pascin (1885–1930). The opening ceremony was attended by Bulgarian president Rumen Radev.
The synagogue was designed by V. Kitov in an eclectic style featuring a large façade arch and four corner towers, as inspired by the Dohány Street Synagogue in Budapest. Its architecture combines Jugendstil, Romantic Revival, and Neoclassical influences. The altar was built by Vidin-based Czech sculptor Max Werich. Lighting was delivered from Vienna and timber was sourced from Transylvania and Hungary. The synagogue measures 36.50 by 22 m (119.8 by 72.2 ft), with a maximum height of 21 m (69 ft).
Kifaa michoro

Katika utarakilishi na katika kiolesura michoro cha mtumiaji, kifaa michoro au kipengee michoro ya kidhibiti (kwa Kiingereza: graphical widget au graphical control element) ni kipengee cha maingiliano, kama kitufe au mwambaa biringizi. Kifaa michoro ni kijenzi cha programu kinachotumika ili kuingilia tarakilishi.
Wikidata

Wikidata, ni grafu ya maarifa ya lugha mbalimbali iliyohaririwa kwa ushirikiano unaosimamiwa na taasisi ya Wikimedia. Ni chanzo muhimu cha data wazi ambapo miradi ya Wikimedia kama vile Wikipedia, na mtu mwingine yeyote, anaweza kutumia chini ya leseni ya "CC0 public domain". Wikidata ni wiki inayoendeshwa na programu ya MediaWiki, na pia inaendeshwa na seti ya viendelezi vya grafu vya MediaWiki vinavyojulikana kama Wikibase.
Wikidata ni hifadhidata inayolenga hati na vipengee, vinavyowakilisha aina yoyote ya mada, dhana au kitu. Kila kipengee kimetengewa kitambulishi cha kipekee na endelevu chenye nambari kamili inayoanishwa na herufi kubwa Q, herufi hii inayojulikana kama "QID". Hii huwezesha maelezo ya kimsingi yanayohitajika ili kubainisha mada ambayo kipengee kinashughulikia kutafsiriwa bila kupendelea lugha yoyote.
Mifano wa dhana, mtu au kitu ni pamoja na 1988 Summer Olympics (Q8470), love (Q316), Johnny Cash (Q42775), Elvis Presley (Q303), na Gorilla (Q36611).
Lebo za dhana,mtu au kitu hazihitaji kuwa za kipekee. Kwa mfano, kuna vitu viwili vinavyoitwa "Elvis Presley": Elvis Presley (Q303), ambayo inawakilisha mwimbaji na mwigizaji wa Marekani, na Elvis Presley (Q610926), ambayo inawakilisha albamu yake binafsi. Hata hivyo, mchanganyiko wa lebo na maelezo yake lazima yawe ya kipekee. Ili kuepuka utata, kitambulishi cha kipekee cha kipengee ( QID ) kwa hivyo kimeunganishwa kwenye mseto huu.
Kimsingi,hujumuisha vitu vifuatavyo:
Bendera ya Jamhuri ya Kongo

Bendera ya Jamhuri ya Kongo ina milia mitatu ya hanamu yenye rangi za Umoja wa Afrika kijani-njano-nyekundu.
Ilianzishwa Agosti mwaka 1958 Kongo ilipopata madaraka ya kujitawala ndani ya Umoja wa Kifaransa ikaendelea kuwa bendera ya taifa baada ya uhuru kamili mwaka 1960.
Mwaka 1970 wakati wa Jamhuri ya Watu wa Kongo bendera ilibadilishwa kuwa bendera nyekundu yenye nyota na jembe pamoja na nyundo za njano halafu majani ya mnazi ya kijani.
Wakati wa kuporomoka kwa itikadi ya kikomunisti na kisoshalisti serikali ya rais Denis Sassou-Nguesso ilirudisha bendera ya zamani mwaka 1991.
Mnazi (mti)

Mnazi (Cocos nucifera) ni kati ya miti muhimu zaidi kwa ajili ya uchumi wa kibinadamu katika nchi za tropiki.
Mnazi ni mmea wa familia ya Palmae (au: Arecaceae). Asili yake inafikiriwa iko Asia ya kusini lakini umesambaa tangu karne nyingi sana. Mbegu wake unaweza kuzaa hata baada ya kukaa kwenye maji ya bahari kwa muda fulani hivyo inawezekana ya kwamba mnazi ulisambaa peke yake kwenye pwani za bahari. Lakini bila shaka watu waliibeba safarini kwa sababu ni chakula.
Utomvu

Utomvu ni kiowevu kinachopitishwa katika seli za mimea. Unasafirisha maji na lishe ndani ya mmea.
Kutokana na aina mbili tofauti za seli za mimea, yaani zilemu na floemu, kuna aina mbili za utomvu wa zilemu na utomvu wa floemu.
Utomvu wa zilemu ni mmumunyo wa maji na homoni, madini na lishe nyingine, Mwendo wake ni kutoka mizizi kuelekea kwenye majani.
Utomvu wa floemu ni mmumunyo wa maji na sukari, homoni na madini. Inashuka kutoka sehemu ambako kabohaidreti na sukari zinalishwa kwenda pale zinapohitajika, yaani kwenye sehemu ambako mmea unakua au sehemu ambako kabohaidreti zinatunzwa kama akiba.
Watu wametumia aina za utomvu, hasa ya floemu, tangu kale.
Mjusi-kafiri mchana

Mijusi-kafiri mchana ni mijusi wa jenasi Phelsuma katika familia Gekkonidae. Kinyume na spishi nyingine za mijusi-kafiri, ambazo hukiakia usiku, spishi hizi hukiakia mchana. Katika Unguja na Pemba spishi za huko huitwa mijusi wa mnazi pia, kwa sababu wanatokea kwa majani ya minazi.
Takriban mijusi wote wa jenasi hii wana rangi ya majani. Wengine ni buluu, kijivu au kahawia. Mara nyingi wana madoa na/au milia mekundu, buluu, njano au meusi.
Spishi nyingi ni ndogo kuliko mijusi-kafiri wengine, k.m. chini ya sm 15. Ile ndogo kabisa ni mjusi-kafiri mchana kibete, ambaye inafika sm 7.1 tu. Spishi nyingine zinafika sm 30 na mjusi-kafiri mkubwa wa Rodrigues, ambaye amekwisha sasa, alikuwa na urefu wa hadi sm 40.
Mijusi hawa hula wadudu, vertebrata wengine, mbochi, mbelewele na matunda mororo.
Kios

Kios (kwa Kigiriki: Χίος, Khíos) ni kisiwa cha Ugiriki katika Bahari ya Aegean.
Kina wakazi 51,930 (2011) wanaotegemea zaidi uvuvi na utalii.
Monasteri ya Nea Moni (karne ya 11) imeorodheshwa na UNESCO kati ya mahali pa Urithi wa Dunia.
Kinatajwa na Biblia ya Kikristo kwa kuwa mwaka 58 Mtume Paulo, katika safari yake ya tatu ya kimisionari, aliabiri kutoka Lesbo hadi Samos akipitia huko (Matendo ya Mitume 20:15).
جاسوسی دنیا

جاسوسى دنیا (فریدی حمید سیریز) پاکستانی مصنف ابن صفی كا لكھا ہوا فكشن ناولوں كا ایک بین الاقوامی سطح پر مشہور و معروف سلسلہ ہے جس كا تقریباً ہر ناول ایک مكمل کہانی ہوتا تھاـ ان كا لكھا ہوا یہ سلسلہ پاکستان اور بھارت سے شائع ہوتا تھا۔
ابن صفی کی جاسوسی دنیا کی فہرست

جاسوسی دنیا پاکستانی مصنف ابن صفی کا لکھا ہوا افسانوی ناولوں کا ایک سلسلہ ہے، جس کا ہر ناول ایک مکمل کہانی ہے، البتہ چند کہانیاں ایسی ہیں جو دو یا دو سے زائد ناولوں پر مشتمل ہیں۔
ابن صفی صاحب کی یہ سیریز اسرار پبلی کیشنز کراچی، لاہور پاکستان اور نکہت پبلی کیشنز الہ آباد بھارت سے شائع ہوتی تھی، اس سیریز کا پہلا ناول دلیر مجرم ہے جسے ابن صفی نے جنوری 1952 میں لکھنا شروع کیا، فروری میں تکمیل کے مراحل میں پہنچا اور اس ناول کی اشاعت مارچ 1952 میں ہوئی، شائع ہوتے ہی ابن صفی اور ان کے کرداروں انسپکٹر فریدی اور سارجنٹ حمید کو بہت مقبولیت ملی، دیکھتے ہی دیکھتے یہ کردار برصغیر پاک و ہند میں مشہور و معروف ہوتے گئے، وقت کے ساتھ ساتھ ابن صفی نے ان کرداروں میں مزید شاندار تبدیلیاں پیش کیں، دیکھتے ہی دیکھتے یہ کردار بین الاقوامی سطح پر مشہور ہو گئے۔
ابن صفی کی جاسوسی دنیا کی فہرست:
خانہ بدوش

خانہ بدوش سے مراد وہ لوگ ہیں جو کسی ایک جگہ قیام نہیں کرتے بلکہ جابجا گھومتے پھرتے ہیں۔ دنیا میں ایک اندازے کے مطابق 3سے 4 کروڑ خانہ بدوش افراد ہیں- بہت سی ثقافتیں روایتی طور پر خانہ بدوش رہی ہیں، لیکن روایتی خانہ بدوش رویہ، صنعتی ممالک میں اب نہ ہونے کے برابر ہیں- خانہ بدوش ثقافتوں کو اقتصادی مہارت کے مطابق تین اقسام میں بانٹا جاتا ہے؛
یہ لوگ گلہ بانی، چھاج، ریوڑ، دستکاری و تجارت کرتے ہیں- صنعتی ممالک یا کافی غریب ممالک میں بھیک بھی مانگ لیتے ہیں۔ بعض قوموں کا پیشہ ناچ اور زرکاری ہے-
یوکرینی رقص

ماقبل تاریخ اور قدیم دور میں رقص قدرت اور الہیاتی قوتوں کے ساتھ تال میل کا ایک رسمی ذریعہ تھا۔ رقص کی اس قدیم جنتری پرمبنی رسم اور فرقوں کے رقص صرف الگ تھلگ عناصر ساتھ ہی صدیوں کے بدلنے کے ساتھ بچ گئے ہیں۔ یوکرین میں مسیحیت کے تعارف کے ساتھ یہ رقص مسیحی رسومات کے ساتھ مرکب اور چرچ کی جنتری اور مسیحی تہوار کے مطابق ڈھال لیے گئے تھے۔ قدیم باقیات (دیکھیے: یوکرین کا مسیحیانا) اور کچھ قدیم رقص کے بعض تذکرے تحریری ذرائع میں پائے جا سکتے ہیں، لیکن ان میں سے سب سے بڑی تعداد کو قدیم یوکرینی لوک گیتوں پا سکتے ہیں۔ رقص کے لیے سب سے قدیم سلاوی لفظ پلیاس ہے جبکہ جدید لفظ تانیتس مغربی یورپی زبانوں سے ادھار لیا گیا ہے۔
قدیم یوکرین رقص دراصل زرعی رقص کھیل تھے۔ ان کی بنیادی شکلیں شمس پرستی تھی جو عظیم ترین زندگی دینے کی طاقت سمجھی جاتی تھی۔ سب سے زیادہ وسیع پیمانے پر معلوم موسم بہار خورووودی (گولائی دار ہم آوازی رقص) تھے، جنہیں کریویی تانیتس، پودولیانوچکا، پیرے پیلکا، یہیلوچکا اور ویربووا دوشچیچکا ہیں۔ رفتہ رفتہ، - ویسنیانکی-ہاہیلکی نئے موضوعات کے ساتھ سے بہتر سے بہتر ہوتے گئے اور ان میں سے کچھ غلامی کے دور (زیلمان، بوندریونا اور دیگر) کے تحت زندگی کی تصویر انداز پہنچاتے گئے۔ عام طور پر، ویسنا ہاہیلکی ایک نغمہ سے سجاکر پیش کیا جانے والا کردار ہے؛ ان تحریکوں، نرم اورپرسکون اور مجتنب نوعیت کا حامل ہوتا ہے۔
جدید یوکرینی رقص قدیم طرزکے رقص کے ساتھ ساتھ نئے اطوار کا بھی مظاہرہ کرتا ہے۔ اس میں ایک جدید طرز 2012ء کے ٹیلی ویژن شو یوکرینز گاٹ ٹیلنٹ کے عطائی عمرزاکوف کی طرف سے متعارف اور مقبول رقص کا طرز روبوٹ ڈانس ہے جس میں رقاصوں پر روبوٹوں کی طرح رقص کرنا لازم ہے۔
بھارتی ریاست شمالی ہماچل پردیش اور کچھ دیگر ریاستوں میں ہرسال ہونے والے بین الاقوامی لوک رقص میلے میں دنیا بھر سے آنے والے لوک ناچ کے ماہرین حصہ لیتے ہیں۔ یہ لوک ناچ کے فیسٹیول یا تقاریب عمومًا ہندو تہوار دسہرہ/ وجیا دشمی کے موقع پر رکھے جاتے ہیں۔ رقص کی تقاریب میں شراکت دار کئی ممالک سے جمع ہوتے ہیں۔ ان میں خاص طور سے حصہ لینے والے ممالک یوکرین، سوریہ، نیپال،اور روس سے آنے والے فنکاروں نے اپنے اپنے ثقافتی رقص دکھاکر شائقین سے داد وصول کرتے ہیں۔ اس طرح یوکرین شرکاء اپنے انفرادی تہذیبی رقص کا دنیا کے آگے مظاہرہ کرتے ہیں۔
سب سے زیادہ فروخت ہونے والے فکشن مصنفین کی فہرست

سب سے زیادہ فروخت ہونے والے فکشن مصنفین کی فہرست (انگریزی: List of best-selling fiction authors) جو آج تک، کسی بھی زبان میں۔ اگرچہ کسی بھی مصنف کے لیے فروخت کے درست نمبر تلاش کرنا تقریباً ناممکن ہے، لیکن فہرست قابل اعتماد ذرائع سے فراہم کردہ یا دہرائے گئے تخمینی نمبروں پر مبنی ہے۔ "بہترین فروخت" سے مراد کسی مصنف کے ذریعہ لکھی گئی یا شریک تحریر کردہ تمام افسانوی کتابوں کی فروخت ہونے والی کاپیوں کی تخمینہ تعداد ہے۔ فہرست کو قابل انتظام رکھنے کے لیے، کم از کم 100 ملین کی تخمینی فروخت والے مصنفین ہی شامل ہیں۔ مزاحیہ کتابوں کے مصنفین کو اس وقت تک شامل نہیں کیا جاتا جب تک کہ وہ کتابی شکل میں شائع نہ کی گئی ہوں (مثال کے طور پر، مزاحیہ البمز، مانگا ٹینکبوون والیوم، تجارتی پیپر بیکس یا ترسیمی ناول)۔
مصنفین جیسے جین آسٹن، میگوئیل د سروانتس، الیگزنڈر ڈوما، چارلس ڈکنز، آرتھرکونن ڈویل، وکٹر ہیوگو، جولس ورن، ریک ریورڈن، ارنسٹ ہیمنگوے، جیک ہیگنس، آئزک ایسیموو اور لیون یورس کو اس ٹیبل میں شامل نہیں کیا گیا ہے کیونکہ کوئی صحیح اعداد و شمار نہیں مل سکے — حالانکہ ایسے اشارے ہیں کہ ان کے پاس بھی اپنے کام کی 100 ملین سے زیادہ کاپیاں پرنٹ میں ہیں۔
اندازے مختلف سالوں سے آتے ہیں اور اس لیے ان کا براہ راست موازنہ نہیں کیا جا سکتا۔
آئس کریم کیک

آئس کریم کیک آئس کریم سے بنا ایک ایسا کیک ہوتا ہے جس میں سوئس رول یا پرت کیک کو بھرا جاتا ہے۔ ایک برتن میں آئس کریم کے مختلف ذائقوں کی تہ لگا کر ذائقے دار کیک بنایا جا تا ہے۔
آئس کریم کیک ایک مقبول دعوتی میٹھا ہے جو اکثر سالگرہ اور شادیوں میں کھایا جاتا ہے، خاص طور پر شمالی امریکا اور آسٹریلیا میں بہت مشہور ہے۔ یہ یورپ میں اتنا پسند نہیں کیا جاتا ہے اور ایشیا، افریقہ میں بھی اس کی مقبولیت کم ہے البتہ امریکا میں یہ کافی مقبول ہے۔ برطانیہ میں آئس کریم سوئس رول کیک کو آرکٹک رولز کے نام سے جانا جاتا ہے۔
آئس کریم کیک اصل میں بسکٹ اور کریم سے بنایا جاتا تھا۔ وکٹورین دور میں اس میٹھے کو بومبے گلیسی( Bombe glacée) کہا جاتا ہے، آرائشی سانچوں میں آئس کریم اور پھلوں کو سجایا جاتا ہے۔ کبھی کبھی ان میٹھوں پر کیک یا بسکٹ بھی ہوتے تھے۔ تاریخی طور پر 1870 کی دہائی میں آئس کریم کیک کی ترکیبیں ملی ہیں جس سے اس میٹھے کا سترہویں صدی میں استعمال کا پتہ چلتا ہے۔
سادہ آئس کریم کیک میں کیک کے اجزاء کو عام طریقے سے پکایا جاتا ہے، اگر ضروری ہو تو مخصوص شکل میں کاٹ لیا جاتا ہے اور پھر اسے منجمد کر لیا جاتا ہے۔ آئس کریم کو مناسب طور پر ایک مائع سانچے میں ڈھال دیا جاتا ہے اور پھر دیگر اجزاء کو منجمد کرتے وقت جمع کیا جاتا ہے۔ چھانٹی ہوئی کریم کو بناوٹوں کی تکمیل کے طور پر اکثر منجمد کرتے وقت استعمال کیا جاتا ہے کیونکہ بہت سی فروسٹنگ منجمد کیک پر کامیابی کے ساتھ نہیں ٹھہر پاتیں۔ اس عمل کے بعد پورے کیک کو پیش کرنے تک منجمد رکھا جاتا ہے۔ آئس کریم کیک کو اسی وقت پگھلنے کی اجازت دی جاتی ہے جب اسے آسانی سے کاٹنے کا ارادہ ہو لیکن اتنا نہیں کہ آئس کریم پگھل جائے۔
آئس کریم کیک امریکا میں کافی مشہور اور مقبول ہیں۔ ٹیلی ویژن پر کیک اشتہاروں کی ایک تاریخ ہے جس میں فجی دا وہیل اور کوکی پس شامل ہیں۔بیسکن رابنز، ڈیئری کوئین، فرینڈلیز، کولڈ اسٹون کریمری اور دیگر خوردہ فروش آئس کریم کیک فروخت کرتے ہیں۔ یہ چار جولائی کی آزادی کی تقریبات کے لیے ایک مقبول میٹھا بھی ہے۔ آزادی کی تقریبات کے دن کے لیے تیار کیے گئے کیک کو اکثر حب الوطنی کے نقشوں سے سجانے کے ساتھ ساتھ چھانٹی کریم، سرخ بیری اور نیلی بیریوں سے سجایا جاتا ہے۔ دیگر اقسام میں آئس کریم اور شربت کی متبادل تہوں کے ساتھ بنائے گئے پرچم کیک ہیں۔
برف کا گولا

برف کا گولا (انگریزی: Freezie) ایک طرح کا زبان پر لذیذ دکھائی پڑنے والی چیز ہے جو برف میں گھلنے والے سیال مادوں سے تیار ہوتا ہے، جس میں برف کا گولا، پھلوں کا رس اور کچھ کیمیائی مادے ہوتے ہیں۔ بھارت جیسے ملک میں برف کا گولا اکثر اسکول، کالج اور کچھ عوامی مقامات پر فروخت کیا جاتا ہے۔ یہاں پر یہ برف کے ڈھیر سے کچھ حصے کو چھیل کر خریدار کے منہ کے ذائقے کی مناسبت سے تیار کیا جاتا ہے۔ اسے کبھی پلاسٹک کے چمچے سے کھایا جاتا ہے تو کبھی اس میں ایک مضبوط کاڑی گاڑھ دی جاتی ہے، جس سے شائقین شوق سے کھاتے ہیں۔ یہ عمومًا گرما کے کے موسم میں زیادہ بکتا ہے۔ کچھ مقامات پر یہ وسیع پیمانے پر تیار بھی کیا جاتا ہے۔ ایسی جگہوں پر یہ مہر بند پلاسٹک پیکٹوں میں دستیاب ہوتا ہے۔ چونکہ یہ آئس کریم سے مشابہ ہوتا ہے، اس لیے برف کا گولا بیچنے والے کئی بار متصلًا آئس کریم بھی بیچتے ہیں، ایضًا آئس کریم بیچنے والے متصلًا برف کا گولا تیار کرتے ہیں۔ کچھ جگہوں پر لوگ یہ گھر میں بھی تیار کرتے ہیں۔
Taquito

A taquito (Spanish pronunciation: [taˈkito], Spanish for "small taco"), taco dorado, rolled taco, or flauta (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈflawta], Spanish for "flute") is a Mexican dish that typically consists of a small rolled-up tortilla that contains filling, including beef, cheese or chicken. The filled tortilla is then shallow-fried or deep-fried. The dish is often topped with condiments such as sour cream and guacamole. Corn tortillas are generally used to make taquitos. The dish is more commonly known as flautas when they are larger than their taquito counterparts, and can be made with either flour or corn tortillas.
The taquito or little taco was referred to in the 1917 Preliminary Glossary of New Mexico Spanish, with the word noted as a "Mexicanism" used in New Mexico. The modern definition of a taquito as a rolled-tortilla dish was given in 1929 in a book of stories of Mexican people in the United States aimed at a youth audience, where the dish was noted as a particularly popular offering of railroad station vendors. Taquitos were referred to, without definition, in a 1932 issue of the Los Angeles School Journal.
Two Southern Californian restaurants are often given credit for their roles in the early development of the taquito. Cielito Lindo was founded by Aurora Guerrero in 1934 and located on Olvera Street in Los Angeles. Guerrero's daughter used her taquito recipe in opening chain restaurants in Los Angeles, and soon competitors were selling similar dishes. In San Diego, what would become El Indio Mexican Restaurant began selling taquitos during World War II, when tortilla factory owner Ralph Pesqueria Sr. was asked by workers at the Consolidated Aircraft Company factory across the street for a portable lunch item. Pesqueria, who used a recipe developed by his Mexican grandmother, has claimed credit for introducing the word "taquito" for the dish.
Taquitos were among the early Mexican food items developed as a frozen food, with Van de Kamp's introducing a successful frozen taquito offering by 1976. The United States government has determined that taquitos must contain at least 15% meat.
Crispy fried taquitos sold in Mexico are often called tacos dorados ("golden tacos") or flautas. Typical toppings and sides include cabbage, crema (Mexican sour cream), guacamole, green chili or red chili salsa and crumbled Mexican cheese such as queso fresco. "Taquitos" in the Mexican border cities of Tijuana and Mexicali refer to small tacos sold in stands, rather than the rolled taco dish.
Ice cream cart

An ice cream cart (or ice cream stall) is a mobile non-motorized commercial vehicle that sells ice cream as a retail outlet. The ice cream cart is usually used during the summer and is generally spotted at public space, parks, beaches, schools or drive through neighborhoods (residential areas). Sometimes a bicycle is attached to the cart, in order to improve its mobility.
These are available in three forms: it can be served in a cup, sandwiched in a folded slice of bread – pandan or rainbow bread – or between two thin wafer biscuits.
The ice cream flavours that are usually sold are: chocolate chip, durian, raspberry ripple, chocolate, yam, mango, red bean and sweet corn. Other flavours include blueberry, mocha chip, peppermint chocolate chip, nata de coco, matcha, strawberry, cheese, caramel, avocado, cappuccino and more. Beyond ice cream, ice cream carts sometimes also sell popsicles.
The carts are run by Singapore's pioneer generation and they are generally found in crowded public areas such as the outside of The Cathay and many spots along Orchard Road and Bugis.
Emily Sheffield

Emily Julia Sheffield (born 11 April 1973) is a British journalist. She was the editor of the Evening Standard from July 2020 until October 2021. Sheffield was Student Journalist of the Year in 1995 and later worked for British Vogue. She was a director of Indian fashion website and retailer Koovs from 2014 until the end of 2019 when it collapsed.
She was born in 1973 at the Lindo Wing of St Mary's Hospital, London, the daughter of Sir Reginald Sheffield, 8th Baronet, and Annabel Jones. Her parents divorced in 1974, and in 1976, her mother married William Astor, 4th Viscount Astor, and became Annabel Astor, Viscountess Astor, with whom she had three more children. Her father also had three more children by his second wife, Victoria Penelope Walker.
She was expelled from Marlborough College after police raided the school and found cannabis in her dormitory. Her elder sister is Samantha Cameron, the wife of former prime minister and foreign secretary David Cameron. She attended the University of East Anglia where she studied English, and in 1995 won the Student Journalist of the Year.
After university, Sheffield became a columnist and features assistant for The Guardian, and then joined the Evening Standard. In 2005, she was working for British Vogue. She was deputy editor for 12 years, but was made redundant in 2017 after Edward Enninful took over from long-standing editor Alexandra Shulman, as part of what was called a "posh girl exodus". She joined the board of Koovs, the Indian fashion website and retailer, in 2014. The firm was established by Labour Party peer Lord Alli after he left ASOS plc. It went into administration in December 2019.
After Vogue, she founded a "positive news" app, #ThisMuchIKnow, with the help of a £60,000 government grant, but it struggled to find an audience and she had difficulties retaining key staff. She is a co-founder of Future News Innovation, of which she will remain the director.
In June 2020, it was announced that Sheffield, who had been a columnist on the Evening Standard since 2018, would succeed George Osborne as editor on 1 July, when Osborne became editor-in-chief. She left the post in October 2021, although she will continue to write a column for the newspaper.
In 2022, Sheffield became a regular panellist on The News Desk with Tom Newton Dunn, and guest co-hosted Piers Morgan Uncensored, on TalkTV.
Sheffield moved to London as a teenager. In 2002, she married then actor Tom Mullion. The couple have two sons, Perry and Rex. Mullion is a former actor, a co-founder of the bowling chain All Star Lanes, and a co-founder, with Oliver Milburn and Tim Steel, of Kitty Fisher's, a small restaurant in London's Shepherd Market.
In 2013, she accidentally shared a pre-wedding photo on Instagram of her sister Alice with David Cameron, then the prime minister, in the background, asleep on a bed, with a ministerial red box beside him. She had thought it would only be seen by a few friends, but it was shared and liked by thousands.
Ice cream cake

An ice cream cake is a cake made with ice cream as an ingredient. A simpler no-bake version can be made by layering different flavors of ice cream in a loaf pan.
Ice cream cake is a popular party food, often eaten at birthdays and weddings, particularly in North America and Australia. It is not as well known in Europe. In the United Kingdom, ice cream swiss roll cakes are known as Arctic rolls.
In a typical assembly, the cake component is baked in the normal way, cut to shape if necessary, and then frozen. Ice cream is shaped in a mold as appropriate, and these components are then assembled while frozen. Whipped cream is often used for frosting, as a complement to the two other textures, and because many typical frostings will not adhere successfully to frozen cake. The whole cake is then kept frozen until serving, when it is allowed to thaw until it can be easily sliced but not so much as to melt the ice cream.
Ice cream cakes are popular in the U.S. Carvel has a history of themed cakes advertised on television including Fudgie the Whale and Cookie Puss. Baskin-Robbins, Dairy Queen, Friendly's, Cold Stone Creamery, and other retailers also sell ice cream cakes.
They are also a popular dessert for Fourth of July celebrations; cakes prepared for this day are often decorated with patriotic motifs, and garnished with whipped cream, red berries and blueberries. Other versions are elaborate flag cakes made with alternating layers of ice cream and sorbet.
Flandes (Colombia)

Flandes es un municipio colombiano cuna de la aviación en Colombia, ubicado en el departamento de Tolima. Se encuentra localizado en el centro del país en la cuenca alta del río Magdalena, en las desembocaduras del río Bogotá, río Sumapaz y el río Coello. El cual se encuentra conurbado con la ciudad de Girardot y el municipio de Ricaurte (Cundinamarca).
La historia del municipio de Flandes está atada directamente a la historia de la ciudad de Girardot, en tiempos precolombinos estuvo habitada por las tribus indígenas de los panches. A través del crecimiento paulatino de la ciudad de Girardot en el lugar denominado como "Paso de Flandes" en el Río Magdalena, del lado sur del río hacía 1906 se desarrolla el asentamiento corregimiento de Flandes en jurisdicción del municipio de El Espinal. Flandes se vio beneficiado con el auge del puerto de Girardot, hasta consolidarse como municipio a través de ordenanza Número 1 de 1949.
Además del beneficio obtenido por consolidarse junto a Girardot como puerto agroindustrial del país, y luego con la construcción de la estación de carga y pasajeros de la vía férrea con la conexión entre el ferrocarril Girardot - Facatativá y el ferrocarril del pacífico. El municipio de Flandes estuvo presente en el inicio de la aviación en Colombia con el primer vuelo en el país por la aerolínea fundada por alemanes SCADTA desde Barranquilla hasta la ciudad sobre el río Magdalena vuelo que se hizo en un hidroavión, más tarde se construyó el aeropuerto Santiago Vila en Flandes servía como puente en la conexión de la ciudad y el país.
La tendencia turística de la ciudad aparece con la caída de las comunicaciones por vías férreas en el país la ciudad debido a la posición estratégica de la región ideal para convertirse en el lugar de veraneo y recreación de Bogotá.
Además de su Cabecera municipal, Flandes tiene bajo su jurisdicción cuatro centros poblados:
Se divide en siete veredas: Puerta Blanca - Camala, Camala, El Topacio, Paradero Uno, Paradero Dos, El Colegio y El Paraíso.​
La principal actividad económica al igual que Girardot es el turismo, con gran parte de la infraestructura hotelera, gastronómica y recreación.
Sin embargo existe la actividad agroindustrial y pecuario destacándose la producción de oleaginosos (maíz, ajonjolí, sorgo), arroz, algodón, frutas tropicales (mango, limón, guayaba, mamoncillo, marañón, guanábana, entre otros), cárnicos de diferentes especies.
El comercio es una actividad de carácter local, aún se logra encontrar artesanías y productos típicos tradicionales de la región, fábricas representativas de productos propios que se comercializan regionalmente (achiras, manjar blanco, dulce de guayaba, colaciones). Además es un atractivo turístico debido a su escuela de paracaidismo, aprovechando su gran pista de aterrizaje en el aeropuerto Santiago Vila.
También hoy en día se desarrollan diversos proyectos inmobiliarios los cuales han fomentado el crecimiento cultural y poblacional de este municipio haciendo un lugar ideal para vacacionar o vivir.
Carlos Serrato

Carlos Humberto Serrato (Bogotá, 1964) es un reconocido actor colombiano, participó en la telenovela colombiana Yo soy Betty, la fea, con el personaje Gustavo Olarte.
Nació en Bogotá. Durante nueve años estudió teatro en diferentes escuelas de la capital. En 1985 viajó a Barcelona, España, donde estudió arte dramático en el Instituto del Teatro de Barcelona. Allí trabajó con el Centro Dramático de Barcelona en la obra de Cervantes El tirano blanco. Además estuvo en la Compañía del Instituto de la Ópera, como doble, y haciendo coreografías de batalla en el Teatro del Liceo, también de España.
A su regreso a Colombia se dedicó a recorrer todas las programadoras, pero ni siquiera su brillante hoja de vida los entusiasmó. Solo en Cenpro TV, Pepe Sánchez le brindó la oportunidad de hacer un pequeño personaje, 'Mamoncillo', que tan solo iba en dos capítulos de Espérame al final, pero gracias a su interpretación lo llevaron hasta el final de la serie.
Carlos es un soñador que anda en las nubes y está orgulloso de ser un colombiano ciento por ciento noble. Quiso ser actor desde los trece años y siempre anheló hacer cine. Pero cuando vino a Colombia 'a hacer cosas' se enfrentó a un medio que, según afirma, es neurotizante y no ofrece mayores oportunidades.
Aparte de la actuación, Carlos Serrato estudió una segunda profesión, la de quiromasajista, una ciencia que consiste en dar masajes al cuerpo mediante una técnica terapéutica
Hace 18 años se lanzó a la aventura de estudiar teatro. Tiene 36 y su carrera artística es la que le ha aportado solvencia económica y el reconocimiento del público, pues se ha destacado por su talento.
Ha trabajado en Jesucristo Superestrella, La Gaitana, Hombres, Irene y Simón, Perro amor, Dios se lo pague y en Yo soy Betty la fea. En cine, participó en la película Posición viciada. Le gusta leer, ver cine, viajar, aventurar y preocuparse por hacer bien su trabajo sin molestar a nadie.
Interpreta a Olarte, el exvicepresidente financiero de Ecomoda, un tipo inseguro, deshonesto, estafador, sobornable e inescrupuloso.
Nephelium hypoleucum

El Korlan (Nephelium hypoleucum) es una especie de árbol perteneciente a la familia de las sapindáceas y el fruto de este árbol. Está estrechamente relacionado con otras frutas tropicales como el litchi, longan, rambutan, y mamoncillo. La planta es original del Sudeste Asiático y habita salvaje en las selvas de la región, aunque también se cultiva en algunos países como Malasia y Tailandia​
El fruto es una drupa redonda u oval que forma un racimo. El árbol puede medir hasta 30 metros. La fruta se vende en los mercados y se puede comer cruda. Las semillas pueden resultar venenosas.
Nephelium hypoleucum fue descrita por Wilhelm Sulpiz Kurz y publicado en J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 40: 50, en el año 1871.​
Accessory fruit

An accessory fruit is a fruit that contains tissue derived from plant parts other than the ovary. In other words, the flesh of the fruit develops not from the floral ovary, but from some adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel (for example, from receptacles or sepal). As a general rule, the accessory fruit is a combination of several floral organs, including the ovary. In contrast, true fruit forms exclusively from the ovary of the flower.
Accessory fruits are usually indehiscent, meaning that they do not split open to release seeds when they have reached maturity.
The following are examples of accessory fruits listed by the plant organ from which the accessory tissue is derived:
Fruit with fleshy seeds, such as pomegranate or mamoncillo, are not considered to be accessory fruits.
The part of apples and pears that is consumed is, in fact, the hypanthium. The ovary is the papery core that surrounds the apple seeds. As the hypanthium ripens it forms the edible tissues.
For roses, the hypanthium is the tissue that composes the edible part of rosehips. Roses and apples are both members of the Rosaceae family; the fact that they have similar fruit morphology is a major consideration in placing them in the same taxonomic family.
The edible part of the strawberry is formed, as part of the ripening process, from the receptacle of the strawberry flower. The true fruits (hence, containing the seeds) are the roughly 200 pips (which are, technically, achenes, a true fruit that contains a single seed from a single ovary). These pips dot the exterior of the strawberry.
The cashew apple is an oval- or pear-shaped structure that develops from the pedicel and the receptacle of the cashew flower and is technically called a hypocarpium. It ripens into a yellow or red structure about 5–11 cm (2–4+1⁄4 in) long. The true fruit of the cashew tree is a kidney–shaped drupe that grows at the end of the cashew apple; the seed inside this drupe is the cashew nut of commerce.
The pineapple is formed when 50 to 200 unpollinated flowers coalesce in a spiral arrangement— the flowers form individually and then fuse as a single 'multiple fruit'. The ovaries develop into berries and the fruit forms around an intercalary spike. The intercalary inflorescence (cluster of flowers) results when the terminal cluster of flowers are left behind by the growth of the main axis of the plant. Each polygonal area on the pineapple's surface is an individual flower.
Current research has proposed that a single class of genes may be responsible for regulating accessory fruit formation and ripening. A study using strawberries concluded that hormone signaling pathways involving gibberellic acid and auxin affect gene expression, and contribute to the initiation of accessory fruit development. Metabolic modifications in different developing accessory fruit tissues are due to the varied distributions of compounds such as triterpenoids and steroids.
Melicoccus

Melicoccus is a genus of ten species of flowering plants in the family Sapindaceae, native to tropical regions of northern and western South America.
They are evergreen trees growing to 30 metres (98 ft) tall, with alternate pinnate leaves with 4 or 6 opposite leaflets (no terminal leaflet). The fruit is a drupe. Several species, but principally M. bijugatus, are widely cultivated in their native areas and elsewhere in Central America and the Caribbean for their fruit.
Some species of the related genus Talisia are sometimes included in Melicoccus.
The genus Melicoccus was first described by Patrick Browne, an Irish doctor and botanist, in 1756. This description was based on M. bijugatus trees which were cultivated in Jamaica. In 1760, Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin described the first species in Browne's genus, which he named M. bijugatus. In 1762 Linnaeus used a spelling variation of the name Melicocca bijuga. Over the next two centuries, Linnaeus' spelling variation was used in almost all publications. A proposal was made in 1994 to conserve Melicocca over Melicoccus, but the proposal was rejected, leading to a restoration of the original version of the name.
In 1888 German taxonomist Ludwig Radlkofer placed Melicoccus in the tribe Melicocceae together with eight other genera. In his monograph on the Neotropical members of the tribe (Talisia and Melicoccus) Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez suggested that although Talisia and Melicoccus appeared to form a monophyletic group, the other (Old World) genera probably did not belong to the same lineage.
Media related to Melicoccus at Wikimedia Commons
Venezuelan Spanish

Venezuelan Spanish (castellano venezolano or español venezolano) refers to the Spanish spoken in Venezuela.
Spanish was introduced in Venezuela by colonists. Most of them were from Galicia, Basque Country, Andalusia, or the Canary Islands. The last has been the most fundamental influence on modern Venezuelan Spanish, and Canarian and Venezuelan accents may even be indistinguishable to other Spanish-speakers.
Italian and Portuguese immigrants from the late 19th and the early 20th century have also had an influence; they influenced vocabulary and its accent, given its slight sing-songy intonation, like Rioplatense Spanish. German settlers also left an influence when Venezuela was contracted as a concession by the King of Spain to the German Welser banking family (Klein-Venedig, 1528–1546).
The Spaniards additionally brought African slaves, which is the origin of expressions such as chévere ("excellent"), which comes from Yoruba ché egberi. Other non-Romance words came from indigenous languages, such as guayoyo (a type of coffee) and caraota (black bean).
There are several subdialects of Venezuelan Spanish:
The Venezuelan dialect influences of Patois of Trinidad and Papiamento, the language spoken and taught most in Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao.
Venezuelan Spanish, like that of the rest of Spanish America and Castilian in general, has taken many words from indigenous languages.
Some examples:
Panicle

In botany, a panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike inflorescence, by requiring that the flowers (and fruit) be pedicellate (having a single stem per flower). The branches of a panicle are often racemes. A panicle may have determinate or indeterminate growth.
This type of inflorescence is largely characteristic of grasses, such as oat and crabgrass, as well as other plants such as pistachio and mamoncillo. Botanists use the term paniculate in two ways: "having a true panicle inflorescence" as well as "having an inflorescence with the form but not necessarily the structure of a panicle".
A corymb may have a paniculate branching structure, with the lower flowers having longer pedicels than the upper, thus giving a flattish top superficially resembling an umbel. Many species in the subfamily Amygdaloideae, such as hawthorns and rowans, produce their flowers in corymbs.
Achene

An achene (/əˈkiːn/; from Ancient Greek ἀ (a) 'privative' and χαίνειν (khaínein) 'to gape'), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent (they do not open at maturity). Achenes contain a single seed that nearly fills the pericarp, but does not adhere to it. In many species, what is called the "seed" is an achene, a fruit containing the seed. The seed-like appearance is owed to the hardening of the fruit wall (pericarp), which encloses the solitary seed so closely as to seem like a seed coat.
The fruits of buttercup, buckwheat, caraway, quinoa, amaranth, and cannabis are typical achenes.
The achenes of the strawberry are sometimes mistaken for seeds. The strawberry is an accessory fruit with an aggregate of achenes on its outer surface, and what is eaten is accessory tissue.
A rose produces an aggregate of achene fruits that are encompassed within an expanded hypanthium (aka floral tube), which is a structure where basal portions of the calyx, the corolla, and the stamens unite with the receptacle to form a cup-shaped tube.
A winged achene, as in maple, is called a samara.
Some achenes have accessory hair-like structures that cause them to tumble in the wind in a manner similar to a tumbleweed. This type sometimes is called a tumble fruit or diaspore. An example is Anemone virginiana.
A caryopsis or grain is a type of fruit that closely resembles an achene, but differs in that the pericarp is fused to the thin seed coat in the grain.
An utricle is like an achene, but the fruit is bladder-like or inflated.
Fruits of sedges are sometimes considered achenes although their one-locule ovary is a compound ovary.
The fruit of the family Asteraceae is also so similar to an achene that it is often considered to be one, although it derives from a compound inferior ovary (with one locule). A special term for the Asteraceae fruit is cypsela (plural cypselae or cypselas). For example, the white-gray husks of a sunflower "seed" are the walls of the cypsela fruit. Many cypselas (e.g. dandelion) have modified calyx tissue called pappi attached that functions in biological dispersal of the seed.
Музей на виното (Плевен)

Музеят на виното е музей за българските вина и винопроизводство, разположен в Плевен, България. Намира се в пещера в защитена местност „Кайлъка“, в близост до язовир „Тотлебенов вал“. Пещерата се състои от 5 галерии с площ 650 m².
Музеят е основан през 2008 г. като публично-частно партньорство, в което участват държавата като собственик на пещерата и дружеството-инвеститор „Уърлд уайнс“. В екипа на музея участват български специалисти от Плевенската панорама и Регионалния исторически музей. Град Плевен е избран, защото е първият център на винарската индустрия в България. През 1890 г. в града е открито първото и единствено професионално училище по лозарство и винарство. През 1902 г. в града е създаден и национален Институт по лозарство и винарство.
Музеят разполага с две дегустационни зали /голямата е с капацитет 50 места/, историческа част и зала с експонати вина от цяла България. Посещението на Музея е съпроводено от дискусия, която включва богата информация относно историята на виното, технологията на производството и др.
Музеят на виното е едновременно и място, където посетителите могат да дегустират и закупят бутилки от наличните над 6000 вида вина от всички региони в България. Предлага и най-голямата в България експозиция (от над 7000 експоната) стари вина – от 30 до 90-годишни. В историческата зала са изложени предмети и атрибути, свързани с лозарството и винарството по българските земи – от древните траки, гърци и римляни до наши дни. Избената зала предлага различни вина, от всички региони в България, разположени в 100 бъчви от френски дъб.
Предлага се и дискусия и дегустация, която се провежда с лектор и е един миникурс в своята същност. Тази практика е много известна във Франция и по света и има образователно-културен характер.
Интериорът и мебелите на музея на виното са създадени от дизайнера Петър Бажлеков.
Музей на виното – официален сайт Архив на оригинала от 2011-10-09 в Wayback Machine.