davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Carica

Carica es un género de plantas de flores de la familia Caricaceae. Anteriormente tratada con 20-25 especies de arbustos o pequeños árboles perennes que alcanzan 5-10 m de altura, nativo de las regiones tropicales de Centroamérica y Sudamérica, recientes estudios genéticos lo han restringido a una sola especie Carica papaya (papaya; syn. C. peltata, C. posoposa). Los más recientes estudios moleculares y genéticos revelan que el género Carica está estrechamente relacionado con Jarilla, siendo considerados ambos como 'hermanos'.
El nombre Carica alude a la similitud de las hojas de la papaya con aquellas de la higuera, a la que Linneo nombró Ficus carica. El epíteto carica es el gentilicio de Caria, una región histórica de Asia Menor, de donde Linneo creía erróneamente que provenía la higuera.​
La mayoría de las otras especies se han transferido al género Vasconcellea, con unas pocas al género Jacaratia y Jarilla, como sigue:
El Papayo

El Papayo es una población mexicana perteneciente al municipio de Coyuca de Benítez en el estado de Guerrero. Se ubica sobre la Carretera Federal 200 que comunica en el estado al puerto de Acapulco con Zihuatanejo.
El Papayo tiene una avenida principal pavimentada que por las noches sirve de plaza y que termina en la iglesia del pueblo.
De acuerdo con el Censo de Población y Vivienda de 2010 que efectuó el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, la población de El Papayo tiene un total de 2247 habitantes, de los cuales, 1136 son hombres y 1111 son mujeres.​
Gray's Papaya

Gray's Papaya is a hot dog restaurant located at 2090 Broadway at 72nd Street in New York City. It had other locations, all of which had closed by June 2020. Gray's Papaya is famous for its inexpensive high-quality hot dogs, considered among the best in New York City. They once sold for 50 cents each and, as of 2024, sell for $3.25.
The "papaya" in the name refers to the papaya fruit drink sold at the establishment. They also sell orange, grape, piña colada, coconut champagne and banana daiquiri fruit drinks, all of which are non-alcoholic.
The chain was founded by a former partner of Papaya King, Nicholas Gray, in 1973, with its flagship, and as of 2023, only restaurant located at 2090 Broadway at 72nd Street.
In the June 1, 2006, issue of Time Out New York, Gray's Papaya's hot dog was ranked first over its competitors Papaya King and Papaya Dog. On March 3, 2008, The New York Times reported that Gray's Papaya had endorsed Democratic candidate Barack Obama in his campaign for the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election.
The former Hell’s Kitchen location of Gray's Papaya (at Eighth Avenue and 37th Street) closed in 2011 and the Greenwich Village branch (on Sixth Avenue at 8th Street) in 2014 due to rent increases. For several years after, the flagship location at 72nd street was the only location left.
In 2016, Gray's Papaya signed a 20-year lease for a new midtown location on Eighth Avenue, between West 39th and West 40th streets. The location opened in spring 2017 but subsequently closed in 2020 due to the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. After likewise shuttering their flagship location for the "first time in 47 years" on March 30, Gray's Papaya reopened the location in May 2020, with a new version of its "recession special" that featured two franks and a tropical drink for $6.95 including tax, with frontline healthcare workers eating the special for free. Thrillist listed it as one of the best hot dog locations in New York.
Gray died in May 2023 at 86 due to complications from Alzheimer's. Gray's family reportedly has friendly relations with the flagship store's landlord, and plans to keep the restaurant open.
Gray's Papaya is famous for its inexpensive (once sold for 50 cents, as of 2023, sell for $2.95), high-quality hot dogs. The "papaya" in the name refers to the papaya fruit drink sold at the establishment. They also sell orange, grape, piña colada, coconut champagne (non-alcoholic), and banana daiquiri (non-alcoholic) fruit drinks. They also sell a variety of sodas.
The franchise has natural skinned franks. Gray's Papaya hot dogs are considered among the best in New York City.
40°44′01″N 73°59′57″W﻿ / ﻿40.73365°N 73.99929°W﻿ / 40.73365; -73.99929
Pickup truck racing

Pickup truck racing is a form of auto racing which involves modified versions of pickup trucks on racing circuits, mostly oval tracks. Race pickup trucks are mechanically similar to coupé-shaped stock cars, with the main difference being the more boxy shape of the cab, which does not have as good aerodynamics as stock cars.
NASCAR Truck Series vehicles have been rapidly evolving since the inception of the series in 1995, in terms of speed, aerodynamics, and engine equipment. The NASCAR series was also the first to use this type of vehicle, unveiled in 1994.
The concept of pickup truck racing started in 1983 when former NASCAR driver Buck Baker established the National Pickup Truck Racing Association to help Buck Baker Driving School graduates start their careers. The series, which did not plan to have a points system, had a ten-race schedule planned with intentions to sell the series to NASCAR. The trucks were built with a 1981 NASCAR Winston Cup Series car base; the four-barrel Cup Series carburetors were reduced to two to decrease speeds. The series began to increase in popularity, and the schedule was increased to eleven races. After the season ended, Baker's attempted sale of the series to NASCAR was denied, and was sold to Dick Moroso, with the series being rebranded the Moroso Performance All-Pro Pickup Truck Series.
In 1991, SCORE International racers Dick Landfield, Jimmy Smith, Jim Venable and Frank "Scoop" Vessels unveiled plans to create a pickup truck series for NASCAR. Three years later, the trucks were unveiled at the 1994 Daytona 500, and officially created as the SuperTruck Series. After hosting seven exhibition races, the series held its first season in 1995. The series, now known as the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, is one of three national series sanctioned by NASCAR (besides the Cup Series and Xfinity Series).
Logan Heights, San Diego

Logan Heights is an urban neighborhood in central San Diego, California. It is bordered by Interstate 5 on the south and west, Interstate 15 on the east, and Imperial Avenue on the north. It is part of the Southeastern Planning Area.
In 1871, Congressman John A. Logan wrote legislation to provide federal land grants and subsidies for a transcontinental railroad ending in San Diego. A street laid in 1881 was named Logan Heights after him, and the name came to be applied to the general area. Plans for a railroad never successfully materialized, and the area was predominantly residential by the start of the 20th century, becoming one of San Diego's oldest communities. Its transformation began in 1910 with the influx of refugees of the Mexican Revolution, who soon became the majority ethnic group. For this reason, the southern part of the original Logan Heights neighborhood came to be called Barrio Logan.
Logan Heights is home to one of the highest concentrations of Latinos in the City. Current demographics for the neighborhood are as follows: people of Hispanic/Latino heritage make up 87.6%, followed by African-Americans at 7.1%, then non-Hispanic Whites at 3.7%, Asian at 1.4%, and others at 0.1%
It is part of City Council District 8 and is represented by Councilwoman Vivian Moreno. The city is currently (2010) updating the community plan.
Barrio Logan is known as the home of Chicano Park. A new Logan Heights branch of the San Diego Public Library opened in 2007.
4. sandiegohistory.org/journal, click on Norman Baynard's Logan Heights 1939 - 1985, plus other journals on blacks in Logan Heights and San Diego
32°42′N 117°06′W﻿ / ﻿32.7°N 117.1°W﻿ / 32.7; -117.1
Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Meru

Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Meru imekuwa yenye shughuli kabambe na yenye watalii chungu nzima waliofurika furifuri ili kujionea maajabu ya Mlima Kenya.
Huku kuna wanyama si haba ambao hutokea misitu iliyokaribia Mlima Kenya.
Huku watalii huzuru ili kuikwea milima na kuipata hewa safi.
Chungu cha Warangi

Chungu (wingi: Vyungu) ni chombo kinachotengenezwa kwa udongo wa mfinyanzi. Matengenezo yake huhusisha udongo na zana za upambaji huku moto ukitumika mwishoni kukipatia ukakamavu. Kwa Kirangi huitwa "nyiingʉ".
Matumizi ya chungu yanabeba dhana ya utamaduni wa asili ya Kiafrika na ni moja ya urithi kutoka kwa wazee wa kale. Hata hivyo, matumizi hayo kwa sasa yanapungua kutokana na sababu mbalimbali, kama ujio wa vifaa vya kisasa vya kupikia zikiwemo sufuria za chuma.
Mbali na utamaduni unaoambatana na chombo hicho, chungu kina faida lukuki katika mapishi na afya.
Chungu husaidia kuhifadhi virutubisho vya chakula wakati wa mapishi kuwa kuwa huivisha chakula taratibu na kwa nafasi tofauti na vyombo vingine kama sufuria, hivyo kufanya pishi lako kuwa la kiafya zaidi huku ukiwa na uhakika wa kuivisha vyema chakula chako.
Pamoja na kuiivisha chakula taratibu, wakati chakula chako kikikaribia kuiva unaweza kuzima jiko lako kutunza nishati na kitaendelea kuchemka kwa dakika kadhaa au kuiva kwa joto la chungu hicho.
Pia, chungu kina sifa ya kutopooza chakula mapema. Waliowahi kutumia vyungu wanafahamu hili.
Chakula kilichopikwa kwa chungu cha ufinyanzi hupata mvuke wa madini mbalimbali ikiwemo ya chuma, ‘magnesium’ na ‘calcium’ kutokana na udongo wa mfinyanzi kuwa na utajiri wa madini hayo ambayo ni muhimu katika mwili wa binadamu..
Nyanya chungu

Nyanya chungu (pia ngogwe au nyanyamshumaa) ni tunda la mngogwe, jamii ya mbiringani, ambalo linatumika kama mboga.
Ina wingi wa vitamini (A, B, C, K) na madini, hivyo inasaidia sana afya.
Ina ladha chunguchungu na huliwa kwa ugali, lakini ngogwe Habeshi inaweza kuliwa mbichi pia.
Mboga ya nyanya chungu wakati wa kupikwa huwekwa vitu vifuatavyo kama: nyanya, kitunguu, karoti na pilipili hoho, lakini pia bamia.
Unawasha moto wako au gesi yako; ukishamaliza unaweka sufuria yako kwenye jiko na unaacha ipate moto kidogo. Ikishapata moto unaweka mafuta, unaacha yapate moto, halafu unaweka kitunguu. Ukishaweka unaacha mpaka kiwe cha kahawia. Kikishaiva unaweka pilipili hoho, ikishaiva unaweka karoti. Baada ya hapo unaacha vichemke. Vikishachemka unaweka nyanya, unaacha mpaka ziive. Nyanya zikishaiva unaweka nyanya chungu zako, halafu unatia maji kidogo na unafunika ili zichemke.
Chungu (sisimizi)

Chungu spishi kubwa za sisimizi katika jenasi Camponotus ya nusufamilia Formicinae zinazotokea katika misitu ya mabara yote isipokuwa Antaktiki. Kwa sababu hujenga makoloni yao ndani ya mbao, huitwa “carpenter ants” (sisimizi seremala) kwa Kiingereza. Ingawa spishi hizi sio kali sana, zinaweza kung'ata vinususi na kupuliza asidi fomi kwenye jeraha, ambayo huleta uchungu kali.
Chungu ni spishi kubwa za sisimizi ambao hujenga makao yao katika mbao nyevu zinazooza. Koloni lina malkia (wakati mwingine kadhaa), madume wapevu kadhaa na matabaka matatu ya wafanyakazi: wadogo, wa kati na wakubwa. Malkia wanaweza kuwa na urefu wa hadi sm 2.5, huku madume wakiwa na ukubwa takriban nusu. Wafanyakazi wakubwa huwa wakubwa kuliko madume kwa kawaida. Wafanyakazi wadogo wanaweza kuwa wadogo kama sm 0.75 na wa kati wako kati bila shaka. Ingawa spishi nyingi na matabaka mengi ni nyeusi, zinaweza kuwa kahawia au mchanganyiko wa nyeusi, kijivu na kahawia. Spishi fulani hubeba nywele nyeupe, njano au kahawianyekundu.
Breki

Breki ni kifaa kinachopunguza kasi ya injini au kuisimamisha. Neno latumiwa hasa kwa breki kwenye vyombo vya usafiri vyenye magurudumu kama treni, baisikeli, pikipiki au motokaa.
Breki mara nyingi hukaza gurudumu na kuchelewesha mwendo wake lakini kuna aina nyingine pia. Kazi hii inatekelezwa kwa kukaza sehemu iliyounganishwa na gurudumu kwa kiatu cha breki. Msuguano kati ya sehemu ya gurudumu na kiatu cha breki hubadilisha nguvu ya mwendo kuwa joto.
Kwenye magari kuna hasa aina mbili za breki ni zile za sahani na zile za chungu. Chungu sawa na sahani inaunganishwa imara na sehemu ya gurudumu.
Ndani ya chungu kuna viatu vya breki vinavyosukumwa dhidi ya ukuta wa chungu na kusababisha msuguano unaochelewesha mwendo wa chungu na gurudumu.
Vivyo hivyo kwenye breki ya sahani viatu vya breki viko pande zote mbili nje ya sahani iliyounganishwa na gurudumu vikisukumwa dhidi ya sahani.
Kila aina ina faida na hasara yake. Siku hizi breki za sahani zatumiwa zaidi hasa kwenye magurudumu ya mbele. Aina hii inapitisha joto na kupoa haraka zaidi. Lakini breki za chungu ni afadhali kwa kushika gari ikisimama kwenye mtelemko. Kwa hiyo siku hizi mara nyingi magari huwa na breki za sahani mbele na chungu nyuma. Malori makubwa hutumia zaidi breki za chungu kwa sababu haitaji nguvu nyingi kama sahani na hii ni muhimu kwa magari mazito.
Breki inahitaji muundo ambako tendo la dereva anayetaka kusimama inafikishwa kwenye viatu vya breki yaani mahali pa kushika gurudumu. Dereva anakanyaga pedali na nguvu ya mguu wake unafikishwa kwa njia mbili:
InStove

InStove (Institutional Stove Solutions) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization established in 2012.
Engineer Damon Ogle and carpenter Fred Colgan, working with Aprovecho Research Center, developed a highly efficient solid-fuel cookstove for use in institutional settings in 2008. Ogle and Colgan's prototype for InStove's 60 liter capacity cookstove was a rocket stove, powered by internal combustion and 87% more efficient than traditional three stone fires.
In July 2012, Colgan founded Institutional Stove Solutions (InStove) as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. InStove developed the 60 Liter Stove, and in 2013 the 100 Liter Stove, to address climate change, emissions, and deforestation issues. InStove is a partner of the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves. As of July, 2015, InStove's institutional cookstoves have the highest published test scores in the world against the International Standards Organization's International Workshop Agreement on clean cookstoves.
The "rocket stove" design concentrates heat and mixes combustion gasses to create operating temperatures in excess of 1100 degrees Celsius, which allows the stoves to literally "burn up the smoke." This produces a fire that is cleaner and more efficient than is possible otherwise. The sunk-in pot with heat-retaining skirt design allows food to cook more quickly, reducing cooking time by 20-50%.
Each stove placed can offset the carbon footprint of 2.7 American households each year and can save up to 88 tons of firewood annually.
The 60 Liter InStove uses 2 kilograms of fuel every two hours at peak temperature and boils 30 liters of water in 30 minutes; the 100 Liter InStove boils 50 liters of water in 30 minutes.
As of June 2014, InStove has distributed over 1,000 stoves in 27 countries around the world. These include Sudan, Ethiopia, South Sudan and Kenya in conjunction with the United Nations, as well as Nigeria., Senegal, and 10 other sub-Saharan countries. A 60 Liter stove was also placed as a part of Opportunity Village, a transitional housing community in Eugene, Oregon as an effort to feed residents and reduce expensive propane costs.
In 2014, InStove opened "InStove Manufacturing Limited" as a benefit corporation to sell stoves to domestic clients such as El Sancho, a Mexican Restaurant in Bend, Oregon which uses a 100-liter stove to sustainably cook large amounts of food.
InStove has paired their 60 Liter InStove with a medical grade autoclave manufactured by the Wisconsin Aluminum Foundry (WAFCO). The unit is designed to serve as either a backup for urban health centers or as a primary system for rural clinics without access to electricity, providing sanitation of medical instruments as well as waste to reduce vectors of disease.
M4 bayonet

The M4 bayonet was introduced in 1944 for use with the M1 carbine. It was built on the M3 fighting knife.
The M4 bayonet, like the M3 fighting knife that preceded it, was designed for rapid production using a minimum of strategic metals and machine processes, it used a relatively narrow 6.75 in (17.1 cm) bayonet-style spear-point blade with a sharpened 3.5 in (8.9 cm) secondary edge. The blade was made of carbon steel, and was either blued or parkerized. Production of the grooved wooden handle was later simplified by forming the grip of stacked leather washers that were shaped by turning on a lathe, then polished and lacquered. The steel crossguard had a bayonet muzzle ring and the bayonet fastener is on the pommel. Later models used a black molded plastic handle. The basic design would be used for the later M5, M6, and M7 bayonets.
There are two variations of this scabbard, both with an olive drab fiberglass body with steel throat. The early version M8 scabbard only had a belt loop and lacked the double hook that earlier bayonet scabbards had for attaching to load carrying equipment such as the M1910 Haversack. The improved M8A1 scabbard manufactured later in WW II has the M1910 bent wire hook. The scabbard throat flange is stamped "US M8" or "US M8A1" on the flat steel part along with manufacturer initials. Some M8 scabbards were later modified by adding the M1910 hook. Later M8A1 scabbards were manufactured with a modified extended tab on the web hanger to provide more clearance for the M5 bayonet which rubbed against the wider bayonet handle. This sheath is correct for all post-war US bayonets including the M4, M5, M6, and M7. It was also used with the M3 fighting knife.
Tullpacocha

Tullpacocha or Tulpacocha (possibly from Quechua tullpa rustic cooking-fire, stove, qucha lake,) is a lake in Peru located in the Ancash Region, Huaraz Province, Independencia District. Tullpacocha lies in the Cordillera Blanca, southeast of Palcaraju and Pucaranra, southwest of Chinchey and Tullparaju and northwest of Andavite, at the very end of the Quilcayhuanca gorge.
Tullparaju

Tullparaju (possibly from Quechua tullpa rustic cooking-fire, stove, rahu snow, ice, mountain with snow) is a mountain in the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru, about 5,787 metres (18,986 ft) high. It is situated in the Ancash Region, Huaraz Province, Independencia District, and in the Huari Province, Huari District. Tullparaju lies southeast of the mountains Pucaranra and Chinchey and northeast of Andavite. It is situated at the end of the Quilcayhuanca valley, northeast of the lake Tullpacocha.
Jonathan Waxman

Jonathan Waxman is an American chef who was one of the pioneers of California cuisine and is credited with being the first to bring its style, fusing French cooking techniques with the freshest local ingredients, to New York.
Born in 1950, Waxman grew up near Berkeley, California. After graduating from the University of Nevada, Reno, he found work playing in bands at casinos and later with a rock band named "Lynx."
Waxman eventually gave up his career as a trombonist to study at La Varenne cooking school in France. In 1979, he and restaurateur Michael McCarty opened Michael's Restaurant in an old mansion near the Santa Monica beach; the groundbreaking cuisine attracted diners from all over America. Five years later, he opened Jams Restaurant on East 79th Street in New York; the chance to dine with what New York Magazine called "an elder statesman of the new California cooking" made Jams the most sought after dining sensation of the season. His work at Jams made him a celebrity chef; "whoever said chefs in the 80's were like rock-and-roll stars", said one reviewer, "had Jonathan in mind." Among other restaurants created by Waxman are Bud's, Hulot's, Jams of London and Table 29. Esquire magazine put him on its list of most influential Americans.
Waxman is currently the chef-owner of Barbuto in New York City's West Village, Jams in New York City's Midtown, Brezza Cucina in Atlanta's Ponce City Market, Adele's in Nashville, and in 2016 opened Waxman's at Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco. According to New York Magazine, Barbuto's food is "rustic Italian," and the mood is "casually hip." His cookbook published by Simon & Schuster was released in 2011.
In 2018, Waxman served as a guest judge on season nine of MasterChef, and was introduced as the mentor of Aarón Sanchez. In 2021, he again appeared as a guest judge for the show on season eleven.
Waxman has also been an occasional judge on Guy's Grocery Games – including when Rocco DiSpirito has competed from time to time.
In 2010, Waxman was a contestant on Bravo's Top Chef: Masters. He was eliminated in the penultimate episode, placing fourth out of eighteen competitors. James Oseland, one of the main judges for season two of Top Chef: Masters, has been quoted as saying, "I think he is one of the country’s greatest chefs."
Waxman lives in Manhattan with his wife Sally and three children.
Jal Jeevan Mission

Har Ghar Jal (transl. Water To Every Household) is a scheme initiated by the Ministry of Jal Shakti of Government of India under the Jal Jeevan Mission in 2019 with the aim to provide 55 litres of tap water to every rural household per capita per day regularly on a long term basis by 2024. It is a restructuring of National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) by Modi government in August 2019.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his Independence Day speech on August 15, 2019, addressed the goal of providing potable water connections to rural households across India by 2024 under a budget of 3.60 lakh crores. In this the central government share is 2.08 lakh crore. The scheme envisages cost sharing in the ratio of 100:0 between Central Government-Union Territories, 90:10% between Central Government-North Eastern States/Himalayan State Governments and 50:50% between Central Government and other State Governments.
Banniel Bro-Dreger

Diskouez a ra Banniel Bro-Dreger ur groaz du war un foñs melen hag a glot ouzh banniel Sant Erwan e-unan, bet ganet e Landreger. Er c'hreiz anezhañ ez eus treset un aerouant ruz, arouez Sant Tudwal, krouer ha sant patrom Treger.
Gant Bernard Le Brun, prezidant SBV (Société Bretonne de Vexillologie) voe ijinet ar banniel e 1998 ; gant Jakez Derouët e voe treset.
En bro Dreger a-dreuz Parkoù

En bro Dreger a-dreuz parkoù (gizioù, boazioù, skouerioù) zo titl ul levr a zaouzek pajennad ha pevar-ugent bet embannet gant Mouladurioù Hor Yezh e miz Ebrel 1985.
Da-heul ur rakskrid gant Pêr Denez e kaver ennañ pemp pennad brezhonek ha hanter-kant savet gant ar barzh Erwan Vertou e-tro ar bloavezh 1900. Abalamour d'e vicher a ijinour e oa bet ret dezhañ mont da labourat e-maez Breizh, d'an Havr-Nevez ha da Bariz peurgetket. Ar pezh ne viras ket outañ a skrivañ notennoù gallek hir pe hiroc'h a voe embannet gant ar gelaouenn divyezhek Kloc'hdi Breiz (Le Clocher Breton e galleg) e 1910-1911. Dreze e veze taolennet « boazioù, gizioù ha skouerioù » Tregeriz, dreist-holl reoù tud, brudet pe get, o chom e trowardroioù Pleuvihan e-lec'h ma oa bet ganet d'ar 4 a viz Gwengolo 1861.
Kumuniezh kumunioù Bro Leon

Kumuniezh kumunioù Bro Leon a oa un etrekumuniezh eus departamant Penn-ar-Bed, e Breizh. Ul lodenn eus Bro Montroulez eo. Krouet e voe e 1994. D'ar 1añ a viz Genver 2017 e oa deuet da vezañ Gorre-Leon Kumuniezh, goude kendeuziñ gant Kumuniezh kumunioù Bae ar C'hernig.
Kumuniezh kumunioù Bro Leon a yae 8 kumun d'ober anezhi :
Tro-Bro Léon

Tro-Bro Léon (English: Tour of Léon or The Hipsters’ Paris—Roubaix; French: Tour du Léon) is a professional cycle road race held in Finistère, Brittany. The event was first run in 1984 as an amateur race before becoming a professional race since 2000. The race was established in 2005 as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour. In 2020, the event joined the UCI ProSeries in its inaugural edition, although the cancellation of the 2020 edition meant that the inaugural event was held in 2021.
Tro-Bro Léon is often called Le Petit Paris–Roubaix, The Hell of the West or The Hipsters’ Paris—Roubaix due to its similarities with Paris–Roubaix, because Tro-Bro Léon includes around two dozen sections of ribinoù, which longtime race director Jean-Paul Mellouët described as a variety of farm tracks and unpaved roads on the rolling and windy roads of Brittany that can feature cobblestones, dirt paths, and/or gravel. The rider who crosses the line first and the best placed Breton rider each receive a piglet.
Ryan Roth

Ryan Roth (born 10 January 1983) is a Canadian former professional road bicycle racer, who rode professionally between 2002 and 2019. Prior to becoming a road cyclist, Roth also competed in the junior levels in mountain-biking and cyclo-cross; he was national junior cyclo-cross champion in 2000.
Born in Kitchener, Ontario, Roth competed as a professional from 2002, making his début with the Sympatico–Jet Fuel Coffee team. After a short stint with the Kelly Benefit Strategies–Medifast team, Roth competed for the SpiderTech–C10 team from its formation as a professional team at the start of 2008, when it was known as Team R.A.C.E. Pro. Having featured highly in several North and Central American races during his career, Roth won his first UCI Europe Tour race in April 2012, by winning the Tro-Bro Léon race. Roth soloed to victory in Lannilis after catching the breakaway and went clear of them, finishing thirteen seconds clear of his nearest rival, Benoit Jarrier of Véranda Rideau U. It was the first non-French victory in the race since Mark Renshaw in 2006, and was his team's first victory of the year. Roth also won the 2012 Canadian National Road Race Championships.
2024 Tro-Bro Léon

The 2024 Tro-Bro Léon was the 40th edition of Tro-Bro Léon, a one-day road cycling race in and around Lannilis, in the northwestern French region of Brittany, that took place on 5 May 2024.
Six of the eighteen UCI WorldTeams, ten UCI ProTeams, and four UCI Continental teams made up the 20 teams that participated in the race.
UCI WorldTeams
UCI ProTeams
UCI Continental Teams
Arnaud De Lie

Arnaud De Lie (born 16 March 2002) is a Belgian professional cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam Lotto, having been promoted from the Lotto–Soudal U23 team at the end of the 2021 season.
De Lie opened his first professional season with the Vuelta a Mallorca races. He finished 71st and 117th in the first two races and won the fourth race Trofeo Playa de Palma in a bunch sprint against Juan Sebastián Molano, his first professional victory.
After his win in Mallorca, he won eight more races in the season, finishing in 13th position in the end of year rankings as the best rider for Lotto–Soudal. He scored many points in the battle to avoid relegation but his team was relegated to the second division.
In 2023, De Lie again started the season in Spain, winning his season opener: the Clàssica Comunitat Valenciana 1969. He then competed at the Étoile de Bessèges, winning two stages, followed by winning the sprtint for second place at the Omloop Het Nieuwsblad in late February. In early May, he took his first UCI ProSeries win at the Grand Prix du Morbihan, before having to abandon the Four Days of Dunkirk on 16 May after falling heavily during the sprint of the first stage in Abbeville. He was found to have suffered a pneumothorax, fractures of the left clavicle, a rib and the upper part of the sternum. He returned to competition on 25 June in the Belgian National Road Race Championships, and returned to winning form a month later, taking stage two of the Tour de Wallonie. He won two more races in August: La Polynormande on the 13th and the Grote Prijs Jef Scherens two days later. On September 8, he took his biggest win yet, as well as his first at the UCI WorldTour level, outsprinting Corbin Strong and Michael Matthews at the Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec.
On September 28, he won the Circuit Franco-Belge on an uphill finish on the Mont-de-l'Enclus ahead of Rasmus Tiller. Three days later, he won the Famenne Ardenne Classic in his native province of Luxembourg. A few dozen meters before the finish, he broke the cleat of his right pedal but managed, by pedaling with one foot, to still hold off the chasers behind him and take the win. In total, Die Lie won 10 races in 2023.
In February 2024, De Lie sustained some injuries in a crash at Le Samyn. However, after recovering from this, he continued to see a lack of results, and after a blood test, was diagnosed with having Lyme disease. After receiving treatment with antibiotics, he took his first win of the season in late April, defending his title at the Famenne Ardenne Classic. A week later, he won the Tro-Bro Léon in an eight-man sprint.
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Therese-Madeleine Fantou

Therese-Madeleine Fantou was a religious with the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul martyred during the French Revolution. She is recognized as a Blessed martyr by the Catholic Church.
Coming from a very modest family, she received from her mother a rigorous Catholic education.
At the age of 24, on November 28, 1771, she joined the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul de Plouer and entered the mother house in Paris.
In 1790, the Constituent Assembly proclaimed the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. It unilaterally reorganized the secular clergy of France, instituted a new Church (the Constitutional Church), which caused the division of the clergy into constitutional clergy and refractory clergy. The year 1793 would be the last year for the congregation of the Sisters of Arras. Indeed, the arrival of citizen Joseph Le Bon elected to the Committee of General Safety offered only one solution to religious orders, that of taking an oath to the Constitution to save their lives.
The sisters of Arras would not escape judgment. Arrested and transferred from prison to prison, Thérèse Fantou and the nuns of the congregation refused to accept the constitution. On June 26, 1794 they were beheaded.
With her companions Madeleine Fontaine, Françoise Lanel and Jeanne Gérard, she was beatified by Pope Benedict XV on June 13, 1920. The four Blessed are honored on June 26.
Regional council (France)

A regional council (French: conseil régional) is the elected assembly of a region of France.
Regional councils were created by law on 5 July 1972. Originally they were simply consultative bodies consisting of the region's parliamentary representatives plus an equal number of members nominated by the departments and communes.
The decentralisation programme of 1982–1983 under President François Mitterrand provided for direct election which began in 1986 and increased the powers of the councils.
The assemblies elect their presidents who preside over the meetings and head the regional executive.
Between 1986 and 2004, regional councils were elected by closed list proportional representation. The Front National was frequently left with the balance of power as a result and this led to a change in the electoral law.
Since 2004 three quarters of the seats continue to be elected by proportional representation with each list having an equal number of male and female candidates. The other quarter are given to the list that received the most votes. In order to gain these top up seats, a list must have gained an absolute majority of the votes in the first round. If this has not been achieved a second round is held with each party that gained at least ten percent of the votes competing. The party that wins a plurality in this round gains the bonus seats. It is common in this round for lower ranking parties to withdraw in favour of parties they have entered into an alliance with.
This can however potentially mean that a list that gained fewer votes in the first round and thus fewer proportional seats can end up the overall winner.
The following councils were disbanded after the merger of regions which came in effect since 1 January 2016:
Waroch I

Waroch I (Breton: Gwereg; modern French: Guérech; d. c. 550) was an early ruler of the Bro Wened (Vannetais) in southern Brittany. It is unclear whether he or his grandson Waroch II is the namesake of the region.
Waroch controlled the hinterland of the region formerly held by the Veneti Gauls, without actually gaining control of Darioritum itself. The settlement became a Gallo-Frankish enclave before later being conquered as the Breton city Gwened. It forms the core of Vannes in modern France.
He seems to have been granted the formal title of "count".
According to some authors, the name Waroch I and the other names with which he's historically known are eponymous of Bro-erec. After the early twenty years of 6th century, during which he consolidated his control on a large part of Gallic areas, Waroch/Gwereg could conquer large parts of low Loire, until Nantes. A lot of courtesy romance spoke of Waroch I's gesta making confusion with the legendary character of Erec by Chrétien de Troyes and it could be important that, among all named countries in his Erec et Enide, the one and only identifiable is Nantes. Moreover, in this town, a ceremony in which Erec has been crowned and marries "symbolically" Enide (personification of town Vannes: Enide>Gwened>Venedis/Vannes) takes place.
Waroch had several children by an unknown wife:
When Waroch died, a fight between his descendants took place. Canao tried to kill Macliau and Conomor the Cursed helped him to keep him safe. Probably he took this role because he was the oldest family member. But Conomor and Waroch had not pacific relations before Conomor married Tryphine. For example, Saint Hernin's hermitage in Duault, no longer from Carhaix/Vorgium, was destroyed because of the wars between “le roi de Bretagne Dumnonée e le Comte de Cournouaille Comorre”.
Saint Gildas was a great friend and counselor of the king and, according to the legend, he tried to convert the cursed Conomor even though unsuccessful.
Armorican version of Saint Gildas biography says he went in the area in order to spend his old age and he would be asked by Waroch for founding a monastery "apud Mons Ruvisium" (the Ancient Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys abbey), on Vannes gulf. During this period, Gildas helped in stopping the conflict between Conomor and Waroch by supporting the marriage Conomor and Tryphine.
Waroch II, Macliau's son and Waroch I's nephew, conquered again some of the areas owned by his grandfather.
When Judael, Conomor's step-son, re-established (at least officially) his dynasty power upon Armorican Dumnonia, he however had a great loss: Consul status undertook a compromise for Francs. He, his descendants, and Waroch's descendants would be no longer at the same level as a king. Instead, it was under Childebert. They would be simple vassals subdued to Salian Franks dynasty.
Historical region

Historical regions (or historical areas) are geographical regions which, at some point in history, had a cultural, ethnic, linguistic or political basis, regardless of latter-day borders. There are some historical regions that can be considered as "active", for example: Moravia, which is held by the Czech Republic, is both a recognized part of the country as well as a historical region. They are used as delimitations for studying and analysing social development of period-specific cultures without any reference to contemporary political, economic or social organisations.
Definitions of regions vary, and regions can include macroregions such as Europe, territories of traditional sovereign states or smaller microregional areas. Geographic proximity is generally the required precondition for the emergence of a regional identity. In Europe, regional identities are often derived from the Migration Period but for the contemporary era are also often related to the territorial transformations that followed World War I and those that followed the Cold War.
Some regions are entirely invented, such as the Middle East, which was popularised in 1902 by a military strategist, Alfred Thayer Mahan, to refer to the area of the Persian Gulf.
Polish historical regions

Polish historic regions are regions that were related to a former Polish state, or are within present-day Poland, with or without being identified in its administrative divisions.
There are several historic and cultural regions in Poland that are called ethnographic regions. Their exact borders cannot be drawn, as the regions are not official political or administrative units. They are delimited by culture, such as country traditions, traditional lifestyle, songs, tales, etc. To some extent, the regions correspond to the zones of Polish language dialects. The correspondence, however, is by no means strict.
The following historic regions within Poland's modern borders belonged to the Polish state during most of its existence, inhabited by a majority or a sizeable Polish- or Cashubian-speaking population, thus forming the core Polish territory:
Another group of territories constituted (either directly or as a fief) a part of the Polish state for varying amounts of time, ranging from episodes in the Middle Ages (e.g. Kłodzko Land, Lusatia) to several hundreds of years in the case of most, like Silesia, Warmia and Powiśle. Among them, only Warmia, Powiśle, southern Masuria, as well as Upper, Cieszyn and eastern and northern Lower Silesia retained sizeable Polish-speaking populations into the beginning of 20th century. Regions forming part of Poland since first historic rulers Mieszko I and Bolesław I the Brave of the Piast dynasty:
Regions forming part of Poland since the Late Middle Ages and the Jagiellonian dynasty:
Outside Poland are several historic regions which were once part of medieval Poland, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth or the Second Polish Republic. While these regions are important for Polish history, calling them Polish is in some cases controversial, as most of them, with the exceptions of Vilnius Region (Polish: Wileńszczyzna) in Dzūkija, or Black Ruthenia, were either never or centuries ago predominantly populated by ethnic Poles and now lie beyond the borders of Poland.
Regions either partially or entirely first included within Poland under the Piast dynasty (10th century–1370) are:
Regions first included within Poland under the Jagiellonian dynasty (1386–1572), also by the Polish–Lithuanian union, are:
Regions first under Polish suzerainty under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth:
Ayam sumatra

Ayam sumatra atau black sumatra (bahasa Minang: ayam taduang) adalah ras ayam kampung Indonesia yang berasal dari Pulau Sumatra, Indonesia. Ayam ini awalnya diimpor dari Sumatra pada abad ke-19 ke Amerika Serikat dan Eropa sebagai ayam sabung untuk tujuan hiburan, tetapi saat ini dikategorikan sebagai ayam hias dan penghasil pangan.
Ayam sumatra pernah diekspor ke Amerika Seikat pada tahun 1847, ke Jerman pada tahun 1882, dan ke Inggris pada tahun 1902. Ayam ini pertama kali dimasukkan dalam daftar American Poultry Association Standard of Perfection pada 1883.
Ayam sumatra merupakan ayam lokal dari Sumatra Barat, Indonesia. Penampilannya dicirikan dengan badan tegap, kecil, dan padat. Ayam sumatra jantan berkepala kecil, tetapi tengkoraknya lebar. Pipinya penuh (padat), keningnya tebal, dan pialnya menggantung ke bawah. Paruh ayam sumatra umumnya pendek dan kokoh berwarna hitam, dengan cuping kecil dan berwarna hitam.
Tujuan utama ayam ini dibiakkan adalah karena memiliki bulu yang menarik. Bulunya sering kali berwarna hitam kehijau-hijauan di seluruh badan dan ekor. Warna yang jarang adalah biru dan putih. Bobot ayam Sumatra jantan dewasa 2.25–2.70 kilogram, sedangkan yang betina 1.80 kilogram. Baik ayam jantan maupun betina tidak mempunyai jengger, kecuali wilah berwarna merah. Pada ayam jantan, biasanya terdapat banyak taji.
Ayam ini mampu bertelur kira-kira 100 biji telur berwarna putih setiap tahun. Ayam sumatra dikenal sebagai dikenal sebagai penghasil daging yang baik.
Ayam sumatra dianggap sebagai ras primitif. Ayam sumatra memiliki kemampuan terbang yang kuat, tidak seperti kebanyakan ayam modern. Ayam jantan akan bertarung untuk kekuasaan, akan tetapi tidak seperti kebanyakan ras lain, mereka tidak bertarung sampai mati. Pada abad ke-19, ayam sumatra diduga dibawa ke Amerika Serikat dan Eropa bersama-sama dengan ayam kedu hitam. Pada tahun 1883, ayam ini dimasukkan dalam American Poultry Association Standard of Perfection dan diberi nama black sumatera pada tahun 1906. Berdasarkan wilayah geografi asalnya, ayam sumatra kemungkinan mempunyai hubungan kekerabatan yang dekat dengan ayam asli Indonesia lain yang berasal dari Pulau Sumatra seperti ayam leher gundul, ayam walik, kukuak balenggek, dan ayam burgo.
Sumatra-Bode

Sumatra-Bode adolah surek kabar harian babahasa Balando nan tabik pado maso Hindia Balando di Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat. Surat kabar iko tabik partamo kali di 1892. Pandirinyo adolah surang Jerman, Karl Baumer, nan alah bermigrasi ka Indonesia babarapo tahun sabalunnyo. Inyo basamo kakaknyo, Paul Baumer, marupoan pamilik panerbit jo toko buku Paul Baumer & Co di Pondok.
Salah saurang wartawan Sumatra-Bode adolah De Waal van Anckeveen. Manuruik Rusli Amran, inyo banyak manulih dan mangkritik tindak-tanduak pamarentah kolonial Balando. Salain itu, inyo managakan majalah mingguan babahaso Melayu Tjamin Tarang basamo RCW Welborn nan nomor patamonyo tabik pado Agustus 1924.
Surat kabar baranti tabik pado 1941.
Setrika

Setrika (didapek dari bahaso Balando: strijkijzer) adolah caro manghilangkan karutan dari pakaian dangan alat nan dipanaskan. Alat nan biasonyo paguno untuak ko go disabuik juo "setrika". Biasonyo pakaian nan baru dicuci haruih disetrika supayo kambali licin. Iko tajadi bilo molekul-molekul polimer pado serat pakaian dipanaskan, serat-serat tasabuik diluruihkan basobok beban dari setrika. Satalah dingin, pakaian mampartahankan bantuak luruih ko. Babarapo bahan pakaian parolu dibari aia untuak malonggarkan ikatan antar molekul. Kini tadapek banyak bahan pakaian dari polimer sintetis nan dipromosikan sabagai bahan nan indak parolu disetrika.
Setrika kuno dibuek dari basi nan diisi arang api manyalo. Kini setrika kabanyakan dibuek dari aluminium dan baja tahan karat, dangan sumber paneh dari listrik. Pado setrika tadapek thermostat nan mangandalikan temperatur suhu paneh. Salain tu babarapo setrika modern dapek juo mangubah aia manjadi uap aia untuak mambasahi pakaian. Setrika paneh nan sodang indak digunakan haruih dilotaàn tagak luruih hinggo indak mambaka parmukoan di bawahnyo dan manyobabkan kabakaran. Salain tu tadapek jua setrika nirkabel nan dipanaskan di sabuah docking station, dan setrika portable nan bantuaknyo ketek untuak manyatrika dasi atau untuak dibao bapargian. Salain Setrika dibari thermostat, ado juo thermofuse nan paguno untuak pangaman nan baguno samo ajak sikring, namun pado tempratur suhu paneh nan malewati bateh toleransi thermofuse taputuih.
Filsafat

Filsafat atau diijo juo pilsapaik (dari kato Yunani φιλοσοφία, filosofia, aratinyo "cinto ka hikmat" ) adolah ilimu nan mangkaji patanyoan-patanyoan soal eksistensi, panalaran, nilai-nilai luhua, aka budi, jo bahaso. Istilah iko kamungkinan partamo kali disabuik dek Pythagoras (c. 570--495 SM). Metode nan dipakai dalam filsafat antaro lain batanyo, diskusi kritis, dialektik, jo presentasi sistematik. Patanyoan filosofis klasik antaro lain: Apokah mamungkinkan untuak mangataui sagalo macam sarato mambuktikannyo? Apo nan paliang nyato? Filsuf-filsuf juo mampatanyokan nan labiah praktis jo konkret sarupo: Apokah ado caro paliang rancak untuak iduik? Apokah labiah rancak manjadi adia atau indak adia (kok saurang bisa lapeh baitu sajo)? Apokah manusia mampunyoi kandak lapeh?
Sacaro historis, filsafat mancakuik inti dari sagalo pangatauan. Dari zaman filsuf Yunani Saisuak cando Aristoteles inggo abaik ka-19, filsafat alam malingkuangi astronomi, kadokteran, jo fisika. Misanyo, Prinsip Matematika Filosofi Alam karya Newton pado taun 1687 di kudian ari diklasifikasikan sabagai buku fisika. Pado abaik ka-19, pakambangan riset universitas modern maantakan filsafat akademik jo disiplin lain nan alah takhususkan. Pado maso kini, babarapo investigasi nan sacaro tradisional marupokan bagian dari filsafat alah manjadi disiplin akademik nan tapisah, babarapo diantaronyo psikologi, sosiologi, linguistik, jo ekonomi.
Sajak abaik ka-20, filsuf profesional bakontribusi pado masyarakaik utamonyo sabagai profesor, panaliti, jo panulih. Namun, banyak dari urang-urang tasabuik nan baraja filsafat dalam program sarjana atau pascasarjana bajariah dalam bidang hukum, jurnalisme, politik, agamo, sains, bisnis dan babagai kagiatan seni jo hiburan.
Gunuang Disappointment (Australia)

Gunuang Disappointment adolah gunuang satinggi 800 meters (2,600 ft) nan talatak di ujuang selatan Great Dividing Range, 60 kilometers (37 mi) di sabalah utara Melbourne, ibu kota nagaro bagian Victoria, Australia. Namonyo diagiah jo Hamilton Hume dan William Hovell pado taun 1824. Saat iko Gunuang Disappointment marupokan tampek pandakian nan populer.
Satalah mandaki jo susah payah, panjalajah Australia Hume dan Hovell nio mancaliak Teluk Port Phillip dari gunuang iko. Sayangnyo, gunuang tasabuik dipanuhi pohon nan manghalangi pamandangan. Parasaan mareka diabadikan sabagai namo gunuang iko.
Sebalum dihuni pandatang, suku Aborigin Australia dikatahui alah manatap duluan di kawasan Gunuang Disappointment. Belati batu ditamukan di dakek pasimpangan Sungai Drag Hill dan Sunday.
Tahun 1870, pamukim Australia mulai manambang ameh di Gunuang Disappointment. Taun 1880, Australian Seasoned Timber Company marintih industri pakayuan di sinan. Sairiang banyaknyo pakarajo pandatang, babarapo kota dibangun di Clonbinane, Reedy Creek, dan Strath Creek. Perusahaan iko mangoparasikan duo pabrik, Comet Mill dan Planet Mill, nan talatak di padalaman hutan. Jaringan rel kareta manjadi sarana transportasi kayu ka pabrik pamotongan. Di bantangan rel iko tadapek rute banamo "The Bump", tanjakan curam nan manghambek transportasi kayu sahinggo musti mamanfaaikan katrol. Pado 1890-an, Comet Mill mamproses 800 kayu Mountain Ash per bulan.
Tahun 1883–1885, sungai di timur Gunuang Disappointment ditampuang di Waduk Toorourrong dan akuaduk lainnyo. Sungai-sungai iko dilinduangi dan manjadi bagian dari Taman Nasional Kinglake.
Proses akhia operasi kayu Australian Seasoned Timber Company dilaksanokan di kota Wandong, sabelah utara Melbourne di pinggia hutan Gunuang Disappointment. Pabrik Wandong mangariangkan kayu messmate nan biaso dipakai untuak mebel. Pabrik Wandong didiriakan jo parusahaan nan berbedo pado taun 1889 dan marupokan salah satu upayo pangariangan kayu kareh patamo di Australia.
Pado maso kejayoannyo, industri pakayuan di Gunuang Disappointment mampakarajokan 420 urang, lalu buba jo sandirinyo pado taun 1939. Namun damikian, hutan Gunuang Disappointment masih dimanfaaikan sampai kini jo sistem pangalolaan nan manjamin kabalangsuangan industri pakayuan dalam jangko panjang.
Pado tanggal 5 Agustus 1942, sabuah pasawat Bristol Beaufighter IC jatuah di gunuang iko, tigo ratuih yard dari utara puncak crashed into the mountain, three hundred yards north of the peak, killing two men from 30 Squadron RAAF.
Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kota Bukittinggi

Barikuik adolah daftar kecamatan jo kelurahan/desa di Kota Bukittinggi, Sumatra Barat, Indonesia. Kota Bukittinggi mampunyoi 3 kecamatan jo 24 kelurahan. Laweh wilayahnyo mancapai 25,24 km² jo panduduak 115.986 jiwa (2017) dengan sebaran 4.595 jiwa/km².
Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kota Bukittinggi, adolah sabagai barikuik:
catatan: URL sawaktu-waktu dapaek barubah/hilang. Bilo URL indak aktif, mohon dihapuih dari daftar.