Ubucuruzi muri afurika

Afurika ni umugabane mu nini ugizwe n'ibice bitanu by'ingenzi [Amajyarugu, Amajyepfo, Africa yo hagati, Uburasirazuba, n'uburengerazuba]. Abaturage b'Afurika batunzwe n'imirimo itandukanye ariko bibanda cyane k'ubucuruzi. Muri Afurica hakorwa ubwoko bu biri bw'ubucuruzi " Ubukorerwa muri Africa (Mu icyongereza: Internal Trade) n'ubwambukiranya imbibi z'afurika (Mu icyongereza: External Trade)
Ubucuruzi bw’imbere muri Afurika ntabwo bukunze kwerekana umubare ufatika w' ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bitewe n’igipimo kinini cya magendu, ibyo bigatuma umubare munini w’ubucuruzi gakondo bwambukiranya umupaka. Uretse ibyo, ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika ntibukorwa neza kubera ko ubucuruzi bwakomeje kwibanda mu turere dusanzwe dufite ifaranga ndetse n’ubucuruzi bwateye imbere mu bihugu bya Afurika, mu gihe cy’abakoloni, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutwara abantu n’itumanaho bidahagije, na kubura ubuhinzi cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa byuzuzanya, hamwe niterambere rito ryinganda zikora.
Byinshi mubicuruzwi byimbere muri Afrika bigizwe nibikoreshwa buri munsi - ibiryo, ibinyobwa, itabi, isukari, inka, n'inyama. Iterambere ry’inganda mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, ryaherekejwe no kwiyongera mu bucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa biramba. Habayeho kandi ubucuruzi bunini bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hagati y’ibihugu byo ku nkombe n’imbere mu gihugu, cyane cyane amamashini, ibikoresho byo gutwara, n’ibicuruzwa byo kuvugurura amamodoka cyangwa ibikoreshwa mu bw'ubatsi.
Ifaranga rimwe n’ubucuruzi byahindutse binyuze mu gutanga ibyifuzo cyangwa imikorere y’ifaranga risanzwe ryarazwe n’ubutegetsi bwahoze ku gihe cy'ubukoloni harimo: Umuryango w’ubukungu n’amafaranga muri Afurika yo hagati (CEMAC), ugizwe na Kameruni, Gabon, Repubulika ya Centrafrique, Gineya ya Ekwatoriya, Tchad, na Repubulika ya Kongo kandi iri mu muryango w’ubukungu bunini bw’ibihugu byo muri Afurika yo hagati (CEEAC), urimo na Angola, u Burundi, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, na Sao Tome na Purensipe; Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba (ECOWAS), ugizwe na Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambiya, Gana, Gineya, Gineya-Bissau, Liberiya, Mali, Niger, Nijeriya, Senegali, Siyera Lewone, na Togo; Isoko Rusange rya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'Amajyepfo (COMESA), rigizwe n'Uburundi, Comoros, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, Djibouti, Misiri, Eritereya, Etiyopiya, Kenya, Libiya, Madagasikari, Malawi, Mauritius, u Rwanda, Seychelles, Sudani, Swaziland , Uganda, Zambiya, na Zimbabwe; Umuryango w'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, ugizwe na Kenya, Uganda, Tanzaniya, u Rwanda, n'Uburundi; Umuryango w’iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo (SADC), ugizwe na Angola, Botswana, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, Lesotho, Madagasikari, Malawi, Maurice, Mozambike, Namibiya, Seychelles, Afurika y'Epfo, Swaziland, Tanzaniya, Zambiya, na Zimbabwe; Ubumwe bw'Abarabu Maghreb (UMA), bahuza Alijeriya, Libiya, Mauritania, Maroc, na Tuniziya.
Kuva Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yatangira habayeho kwaguka cyane mu bucuruzi bwo muri Afurika muri rusange. Iterambere rigereranywa neza n'utundi turere dutera imbere, nka Amerika y'Epfo. Agaciro k’ibitumizwa mu mahanga ariko, karenze ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihe runaka, bituma habaho ubusumbane bukabije mu bucuruzi mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika. Kwiyongera kwinshi mu byoherezwa muri Afurika muri rusange biterwa no kwiyongera kw'ibicuruzwa by'ibanze mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose ndetse no mu gihe cyo kwiyubaka nyuma y'intambara. Nyuma y’ubwigenge n’ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika, cyane cyane mu ntangiriro ya za 1960, bikurikirwa no guharanira iterambere ry’ubukungu, byashimangiye gahunda yo kwagura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Indi mpamvu yatumye ubwiyongere bwihuse bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Afurika ni izamuka ry’agateganyo ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa by’ibanze, nubwo nyuma yaho icyerekezo rusange, usibye peteroli, cyerekeje ku biciro by’ibicuruzwa byihebye. Kuba iki kibazo gikomeje kuba kimwe mu byatumye ubukungu bw’ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika bumuga kubera amadeni menshi y’amahanga.
Ikintu cyingenzi cyagize uruhare mu izamuka ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Afurika ni ukuvumbura peteroli mu bihugu byinshi, cyane cyane Libiya, Alijeriya, Nijeriya, Gabon, Angola, Repubulika ya Kongo, na Kameruni, ndetse n’izamuka ry’ibiciro ryazanywe n’umuryango w’umuryango Ibihugu byohereza peteroli mu mahanga (OPEC) mu myaka ya za 70. Ibindi bintu birimo kuvumbura no kwiyongera kwamabuye y'agaciro akenewe cyane, nka diyama - cyane cyane muri Siyera Lewone, Repubulika ya Kongo, Repubulika ya Centrafrique, na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo - no gukoresha ibindi amabuye y'agaciro, nk'amabuye ya uranium.
Ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa biva muri Afurika bwasobanuye ko umushinga w’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika urenze ibyoherezwa mu mahanga; Ingaruka zabyo, leta nyinshi zashyizeho imipaka yo gutumiza mu mahanga cyangwa gutera inkunga byinshi mu bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Igice kinini cy’ibitumizwa mu mahanga biva mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba, cyane cyane ibihugu by’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, aho umubano ukomeye w’ubucuruzi ukomeje ku murongo w’abakoloni. Habayeho ariko kwiyongera cyane mu bicuruzwa biva muri Amerika, Ubuyapani, na Afurika y'Epfo. Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga birakenewe cyane cyane mu guteza imbere inganda, bityo rero, bigarukira ahanini ku bicanwa by’amabuye y'agaciro, ibicuruzwa byo mu nganda, imashini, ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu n'ibicuruzwa biramba.