davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Indian filter coffee

Indian filter coffee is a coffee drink made by mixing hot milk and sugar with the infusion obtained by percolation brewing of finely ground coffee powder with chicory in a traditional Indian filter. It has been described as "hot, strong, sweet and topped with bubbly froth" and is known as filter kaapi in India.
Until the 17th century, coffee was grown only in Arabia and exported in roasted or baked form. Taking raw coffee beans out of the country was prohibited to protect the Arabian coffee monopoly. According to a legend, Indian Sufi Baba Budan discovered coffee on a pilgrimage to Mecca. He smuggled seven raw coffee beans back to India and planted them in the hills of Chikmagalur in present-day Karnataka.The favorable conditions enabled the coffee plants to thrive in the hills, which were later named Baba Budangiri ('Baba Budan Hills'). The British Indian government became very interested in the coffee, and established large plantations in Coorg (present-day Kodagu). Budan's original coffee plants are purported to be the ancestors of most of the world's coffee trees today.
Traditionally, Indian filter coffee is made with Plantation A washed arabica or Peaberry coffee beans. The beans are dark roasted, ground, and blended with chicory, with the coffee constituting 80-90% and the chicory 10-20% of the mixture. The chicory's slight bitterness contributes to the flavor of Indian filter coffee.
Traditionally, jaggery or honey were used as sweeteners, but white sugar has been used since the mid-1900s.
Indian filter coffee is prepared by first bringing water to a boil. A special cylindrical filter is used in the preparation of the coffee. The filter has two metal cups that assemble one over the other. The filter coffee powder is first added to the upper cup on top of the perforated chamber and then compressed with a pressing disc. The boiled water is then poured over the disc and filter. The upper cup is then secured with the lid, and the coffee is allowed to brew. This process allows the water to extract more flavor from the coffee, resulting in a more robust and stronger flavor compared to Western drip coffee.
Once the collector containing the brew is detached, the brew can be combined with hot milk. Sugar may also be added to the filter coffee.
Café Rica

Café Rica is a Costa Rican coffee-flavored liqueur. It is thick and sweet with a strong coffee flavor from which it gets its namesake. It is made from coffee harvested in Costa Rica.
Café Rica was created by a Jamaican businessman named Edward Drew in 1978 as the first product of Costa Rican company Salicsa.
Café Rica can be used in much the same way as any other coffee liqueur such as Kahlúa, though recipes may need to be slightly adjusted as Café Rica contains 10% more abv than Kahlúa.
Itapeva, São Paulo

Itapeva is a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is 94,804 (2020 est.) in an area of 1826.26 km.
The city was founded as a village in the beginning of the 18th century. In 1769 the municipality was created, by separating it from Sorocaba. Named Itapeva da Faxina until 1910 and Faxina until 1938. In Tupi language, Itapeva means “flat stone”.
Founder: Antônio Furquim Pedroso.
In Itapeva is located the Wall of the Slaves, which is a tourist point, in addition to the Vila Isabel Station, the Pilão D’Agua and the Dr. Pinheiro Promenade.
Itapeva is located at an elevation of 684 meters.
HDI (HDI-M): 0,745 (Fonte: IPEADATA)
Itapeva has three districts
The coldest month is June (mean temperature 15.1 °C, 59°F), and the hottest is January (mean 22.7 °C, 73 °F). Rainfall averages 1254 mm.
In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.
The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).
Cometeer Coffee

Cometeer Coffee is an American coffee technology and manufacturing company based in Gloucester, Massachusetts. The brand uses brewing technology and flash-freezes it using liquid nitrogen for preservation.
The company's primary product is single-serve flash-frozen coffee capsules, but it also offers a subscription service that delivers frozen capsules to customers regularly.
Cometeer was co-founded in 2015 by CEO Matthew Roberts after developing the initial concept while studying abroad in Spain while attending Bentley University. He developed the idea for Cometeer after struggling to make a consistent coffee profile at home. His workaround of freezing coffee in ice trays inspired him, and he began experimenting with improving this method. George Howell, a specialty coffee expert, was an early collaborator for the business after Roberts proved his ability to flash-freeze and preserve the freshness of espresso shots using blocks of dry ice.
Shortly after Howell's endorsement, Douglas Hoon, the company's CTO, co-founder, and an MIT-trained engineer, partnered with Roberts and other engineers and chemists to develop precision coffee brewing systems and flash-freezing.
In 2019, the company launched its line of flash-frozen coffee capsules at the Specialty Coffee Association of America expo and won best new product.
In 2021, the company built and scaled its manufacturing from a renovated seafood processing factory.
The company is known for using its cryogenic patented coffee processing methods as a platform to partner with roasters considered part of the third-wave coffee movement, including Counter Culture Coffee, Intelligentsia Coffee & Tea, and Square Mile, the roasting company of James Hoffmann.
In February 2024, Houseplant, a home goods and lifestyle company co-founded by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg, partnered with Cometeer to launch a new line of coffee. Houseplant wants to expand into new product categories beyond cannabis-related items while highlighting the co-founders' connection to coffee culture.
Cometeer derives its name from the portmanteau of the words comet and pioneer. Comets are balls of frozen liquids and gasses hurtling through space.
The company has raised over $100M from investors, including founders of tech companies and institutional investors.
Aroma Espresso Bar

Aroma Espresso Bar (Hebrew: ארומה אספרסו בר), or simply Aroma, is an Israeli coffeehouse chain with 162 locations around the country, and several locations in the United States, Canada, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine.
Founded in 1994 on Hillel Street in downtown Jerusalem by brothers Yariv and Sahar Shefa, Aroma first started branching out beyond that city in 2000, following a 1999 dispute between the two brothers which led to the formation of separate chains, Aroma Tel Aviv (run by Sahar) operating in Tel Aviv-Yafo, and Aroma Israel (run by Yariv) operating in the rest of the world. Despite being separate companies, the two chains maintain similar branding, creating a misconception of being a common entity, up to the point that Aroma Israel put labels on its products emphasizing the lack of "business, logistical or management links" between the two following a food poisoning incident in an Aroma Tel Aviv branch.
In 2006 the first overseas branch opened in SoHo in New York City. In 2007 Aroma opened its first location in Canada, in downtown Toronto in The Annex. In the following years, branches continued to open in Toronto and on 72nd Street in New York City, as well as the first location in Kyiv, Ukraine. Aroma has 46 Canadian locations in Ontario (mostly in the Greater Toronto Area), as well as five US locations across New York City (1), New Jersey (1), Maryland (1), and Florida (2). Aroma has since closed its locations in New York City and Maryland.
In 2021, Aroma Tel Aviv and Aroma Israel were merged under the name Aroma Espresso Bar. The merged company decided to be operated under the current owner, Yariv Shefa.
In 1996, Aroma's first branch in Jerusalem began integrating workers with special needs. Today the chain employs such people in nearly every branch in the country.
In March 2022, Aroma donated 1 million dollar to Michal Sela Forum, an organization that seeks to prevent domestic violence. Part of the donation was given a project by the organization in which guard dogs are given to high risk threaten women.
A survey by an Israeli market research company found that more Israeli consumers are inclined to choose a cafe based on accessibility and availability, ahead of cost and taste of the food. According to Haaretz newspaper, this may explain the success of Aroma, which has 153 outlets in Israel. Respondents were asked which chain they thought had the cheapest prices and best service. Aroma won by a wide margin.
Jacomar

Jacomar is a Brazilian supermarket chain from Curitiba, created by Jacob Pankratz Filho and his wife, Maria Pankratz. It is currently controlled by Grupo Jacomar, managed by their children.
Originally a warehouse, it was created by Jacob Pankratz Filho on Boqueirão in December 1966 and beared his name. Eventually, the warehouse was renamed as Casa Holandesa. Business thrived and in October 1976 he and his wife, Maria Pankratz (married on 12 April 1958), transformed the warehouse into a store and named it Jacomar, a combination between "Jacob" and "Maria". In 1984, they opened their second store in São José dos Pinhais.
In March 1993, they bought the Cooperativa Mista do Boqueirão which became their first supermarket. The store was important for the company, as it became it's administrative and stock center. In September 1998, the Boqueirão unit was rebuilt with a more modern look. It was revitalized again in October 2024, with the investment of R$ 15 million. In 2004, Jacomar sales grew between 3% and 5%, but in 2005 the supermarket was impacted by the fall of commodities prices. Their profit margin retroacted to 2004's.
On 18 May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, one employee from Xaxim unit was diagnosed with COVID-19 and spreaded to another 7 people. In 2021, Jacomar and other 33 supermarkets donated 28 monitors and 4 respirators to the Paraná state.
In January 2025, Grupo Jacomar had 20 suparmarkets and 3 gas stations in Paraná state. They operate maily in Curitiba, but also in São José dos Pinhais, Piraquara, Pinhais and Fazenda Rio Grande.
The supermarket is known for not opening on Sundays, as Jacob believed this is a day to spend with the family. Jacomar is the first supermarket from Paraná to obtain the Certified Age Friendly Employer (CAFE) from Age Friendly Institute.
On 13 September 2008, the Jacomar manager from São José dos Pinhais was shot dead by two men.
Between 18 and 20 December 2009, Curitiba's Health Surveillance collected food products, such as cheeses, ham, and mortadella, from Jacomar Salgado Filho for not specifying their shelf life and food chain.
In 2023, Jacomar was convicted by the Superior Labor Court in paying R$10,000 to one of their employees for gender discrimination.
Pingo Doce

Pingo Doce (Sweet Drop in English) is one of the largest supermarket operators in Portugal, with 482 stores as of 2023 (just behind Continente which is the largest food retailer in the country).
It belongs to the Portuguese company Jerónimo Martins and the Dutch-based Ahold Delhaize. Since 1992, Pingo Doce has been operated as a joint venture by Jerónimo Martins, in which it holds 51% and the Dutch retail chain Ahold Delhaize 49%. In the 1990s, Jerónimo Martins acquired Brazilian supermarket chain Sé Supermercados, which became the Brazilian equivalent to Pingo Doce. In Poland, since 1997 the group has established Biedronka, the country's largest food retail chain. In the early 2000s, Companhia Brasileira de Distribuição / Grupo Pão de Açúcar, bought out Sé, rebranding its stores as Pão de Açúcar and CompreBem.
Since 2008, the chain uses its current logo, repositioned itself in the market, merged the Feira Nova supermarkets and hypermarkets into the Pingo Doce brand and has done aggressive marketing and advertising campaigns in order to maintain its position. The Jerónimo Martins Group began establishing local businesses in Colombia in March 2013 through Ara. From 2008 to 2010, Pingo Doce took over the Feira Nova brand. In 2021, Pingo Doce popularized the slogan "Quem trouxe, quem trouxe? Foi o Pingo Doce!" (Who brought [it]? Who brought [it]? It was Pingo Doce!) with a catchy Christmas jingle.
Gregorys Coffee

Gregorys Coffee is a New York-based coffee roaster and retailer. Aside from a range of coffee and tea choices, Gregorys Coffee also offers pastries, packaged foods, and a plant-based meal selection curated by an in-house registered dietitian that are prepared from scratch daily.
The company logo is designed to look like its founder, with two mugs for glasses and a full head of wavy-hair.
Gregorys Coffee was founded by Gregory Zamfotis in 2006, with its first location on Park Avenue and 24th Street in Manhattan. The company is a part of the third wave coffee or specialty coffee industry. The company's preferred brew method is the aeropress. The company opened their 24th shop in 2017.
The company currently has cafés in Manhattan, New Jersey, Connecticut, Brooklyn, and Washington, D.C.
In September 2016, Gregorys opened a roastery and commissary in Long Island City, Queens, New York. Later that year opened its first location outside of New York, located on the Jersey City waterfront.
In 2016, the company signed a 15-year lease at 16 Court Street, Brooklyn. This is the first in the borough.
In 2017, Gregorys opened several coffee shops in Washington, D.C.
In March 2020, Gregorys temporarily closed all 31 of their shops due to the coronavirus pandemic.
Kahlúa

Kahlúa (Spanish: [kaˈlu.a]) is a brand of coffee liqueur owned by the Pernod Ricard company and produced in Veracruz, Mexico. The drink contains rum, sugar, and arabica coffee.
Pedro Domecq began producing Kahlúa in 1936. It was named Kahlúa, meaning 'House of the Acolhua people' in the Veracruz Nahuatl language. Jules Berman was the first importer of the liqueur to the United States, earning him the nickname "Mr. Kahlua".
The company merged in 1994 with Allied Lyons to become Allied Domecq. In turn, that company was partially acquired in 2005 by Pernod Ricard, the largest spirits distributor in the world since its merger with the Swedish Vin & Sprit in March 2008.
Since 2004, the alcohol content of Kahlúa is 20.0%; earlier versions had 26.5%. In 2002, a more expensive, high-end product called "Kahlúa Especial" became available in the United States, Canada and Australia after previously being offered only in duty-free markets. Made with arabica coffee beans grown in Veracruz, Mexico, Kahlúa Especial has an alcohol content of 36%, has a lower viscosity, and is less sweet than the regular version.
In 2021, Kahlúa introduced a new bottle design for the United Kingdom market. It also reduced the alcohol content to 16% "to address 'evolving' consumer trends towards conscious drinking and lower-alcohol options". For the United States market, Kahlúa retains the more traditional bottle design and alcohol content.
Kahlúa is used to make cocktails or drink neat or on ice. Some people use it when baking desserts, and/or as a topping for ice cream, cakes, and cheesecakes.
It is mixed in several ways, often with different combinations of milk, cream, coffee and cocoa.
Because Kahlúa is made from coffee beans, it contains caffeine. According to the company, "Kahlúa contains about 100 ppm caffeine, which means about 100 mg/litre of product. So, for a standard 1.5 oz [45 ml] drink of Kahlúa there would be about 5 mg of caffeine. Just to put it in perspective, an 8 oz [240 ml] brewed coffee can contain up to about 200 mg of caffeine."
Kahlúa is a key ingredient in several notable cocktails:
Kahlúa and Kahlúa Especial have received accolades from international spirit ratings organizations. The San Francisco World Spirits Competition awarded the Kahlúa Especial three silver medals between 2005 and 2007 and a bronze in 2009. The Beverage Testing Institute gave the Especial a score of 85 in 2007.
Media related to Kahlúa at Wikimedia Commons
Hills Bros. Coffee

Hills Bros. Coffee is a maker of packaged coffee, founded in San Francisco.
The company has its origins with the sons of shipbuilder Austin Hills (1823–1905), who was born in Rockland, Maine, and ran a business in California building clipper ships. His sons were Austin Herbert Hills (1851–1933), and Reuben Wilmarth Hills I (1856–1934).
In 1898, Edward Norton, of New York, was granted a United States patent on a vacuum process for canning foods, subsequently applied to coffee. Others followed. Hills Brothers, of San Francisco, were the first to pack coffee in a vacuum, under the Norton patents, in 1900.
In 1900, Hills Bros. were the first to pack roast coffee in vacuum sealed cans. They incorporated under the Hills Bros. name in 1906. In 1926 Hills Bros. moved its operations to 2 Harrison Street in San Francisco, a Romanesque revival building on the Embarcadero designed by George W. Kelham that is now a city landmark. The roasting operations once made the surrounding area smell like coffee, according to a Key System "March of Progress" style public service film from 1945. In January 2012, the building had become home to Wharton | San Francisco, a satellite campus of the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. A Wharton sign can be currently seen on the Embarcadero side of the building. Google LLC and the Mozilla Corporation also have offices on several floors of the building.
A symbol of an Arab drinking coffee called "the taster", introduced in 1898, was designed by an artist named Briggs in 1906 but was replaced by a new, European-American, "taster" to represent the original founders in 1990. In 1976, Hills Brothers hired American singer Sergio Franchi as their TV spokesperson to introduce several lines of specialty flavors. Noted character actor John Zaremba was the primary commercial spokesperson for Hills Brothers in the 1970s and early 1980s, portraying a fictional coffee bean buyer.
In 1930 Hills Bros. expanded into Chicago. On 2 November 1938, Hills Brothers Coffee Company filed a petition to rezone 37 ½ acres for industrial purposes to build a plant in Elmhurst, Illinois, north of the North Western tracks to where Schiller Street extended beyond Geneva Avenue. Opposition caused Hills to drop its request.
During World War II, the company's metal containers were replaced with glass jars. In 1984 they purchased the name and manufacturing facilities of the Chase & Sanborn Coffee Company.
In 1985 Nestlé bought Hills Bros. and MJB coffee companies. Hills Bros. opened a new roasting plant in Suffolk, Virginia in 1988. The San Francisco headquarters were closed in 1997, moving operations to Nestlé's U.S. headquarters in Glendale, California. Nestlé sold Hills Bros. to Sara Lee in 1999. Massimo Zanetti Beverage USA purchased the brand in 2006. Massimo Zanetti Beverage USA is headquartered at the Suffolk plant. Austin E. Hills was, formerly, chairman of the board of directors.
Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas

Ang Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ay isang titulo na ibinibigay sa mga Pilipino na nakamit ng pinakamataas na pagpapakilala dahil sa makabuluhang pag-ambag sa kaunlaran ng mga sining Pilipino: Musika, Sayaw, Teatro, Moda at Arkitektura, at Sining Pangkapanalig.
Sila ay inihayag, mula sa kabutihang-loob ng Proklamasyong Pampanguluhan, bilang Pambansang Alagad ng Sining. Pagkatapos, pinagkalooban sila ng Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining sa pamamagitan ng regalyang kulyar na ginto ng karangalan na binubuo ng mga maraming palamuti. Bukod pa sa kulyar, binigyan ang bawat bagong naproklama ng papuri bilang handog sa seremonya ng parangal. Ang Sentrong Pangkultura ng Pilipinas ay nagpupunong-abala naman sa isang Gabi ng Parangal para sa mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining sa Tanghalang Pambansa.
Ang Parangal ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ay pinamunuan ng Sentrong Pangkultura ng Pilipinas (CCP) mula sa kabutihang-loob ng Proklamasyong Pampanguluhan Blg. 1001 noong Abril 2, 1972 at ng Pambansang Komisyon para sa Kultura at mga Sining (NCCA).
Ang Pamahalaan ng Republika ng Pilipinas ay ang nagkakaloob ng gawad sa mga karapat-dapat na indibidwal na inirekomenda ng CCP at NCCA. Ang unang gawad ay ibinigay kay Fernando Amorsolo, isang Pilipinong pintor pagkatapos ng kanyang kamatayan.
Ang mga nominasyon ukol sa Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas ay nababatay sa malawakang pamantayan na binalangkas ng Sentrong Pangkultura ng Pilipinas at Pambansang Komisyon para sa Kultura at mga Sining:
Ang mga nominasyon ay ipapasa sa Sekretarya ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining na nilikha ng Lupon ng Gawad sa Pambansang Alagad ng Sining; ang mga dalubhasa mula sa mga iba't ibang larangan ng sining ay uupo sa Unang Deliberasyon upang ihanda ang maikling tala ng mga nominado. Ang Pangalawang Deliberasyon, kung saan nagpupulong nang magkasama ang mga Komisyonado ng NCCA at Lupon ng mga Katiwala ng CCP, na nagpapasya sa mga pinakahuling narekomenda. Ang tala ay ihaharap sa Pangulo ng Pilipinas, na, sa pamamagitan ng Kautusang Pampanguluhan, nagpapahayag ng mga pinakahuling nominado bilang kasapi ng Orden ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining.
Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan

Ang Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (National Living Treasures) o GAMABA ay naitatag sa bisa ng Batas Republika Bilang 7355 na naaprubahan noong April 3, 1992 upang kilalanin ang kahalagahan ng tradisyunal na manlilikhang pangbayan bilang natatanging daluyan ng kasanayan ng nakaraan at ng panghinaharap, mapanumbalik ang masining na tradisyon ng isang komunidad nang sa gayon ay protektahan ang mahalagang katotohanan ng Pilipinong kultura, magbigay ng mekanismo para kilalanin at matulungan ang mga kwalipikadong tradisyunal na manlilikhang pangbayan na mailipat ang kanilang mga kasanayan sa komunidad at lumikha ng mga oportunidad para mapasikat ang kanilang mga gawa sa lokal at internasyonal. Ang ahensiya na nangangasiwa at nagpapatupad ng parangal na ito ay ang Pambansang Komisyon para sa Kultura at Sining.
Nagmula ang Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan sa 1988 National Folk Artists Award na inorganisa ng Rotary Club ng Makati-Ayala.
Nagsimulang igawad ang Manlilikha ng Bayan noong 1993.
Ang idinedeklarang Manlilikha ng Bayan ay nararapat maging dalubhasa sa paggamit ng mga materyales at kasangkapan na ginagamit sa paggawa ng tradisyunal na sining at nagagawa niya ang tradisyunal na sining na pambihira ang kalidad na pang-teknikal, nakagagawa ng tradisyunal na sining sa mahabang panahon nang tuloy-tuloy at may nakatataas na kalidad, nakagagawa ng tradisyunal na sining na umiiral at dokumentado sa 50 taon o higit pa, iginagalang at hinahangan ng bansa dahil sa kanyang pagkatao at dignidad, nagsasalin o may kagustuhang magsalin ng kanyang kasanayan sa tradisyunal na sining sa iba pang kasapi ng kanyang komunidad at kung saan naging kilala sa buong bansa ang kanyang komunidad. Subalit, maaari pa rin igawad ang pagiging Manlilikha ng Bayan kahit na hindi na niya maisasalin ang kanyang mga kasanayan sanhi ng kanyang gulang o kahinaan sa kondisyon na nagtataglay siya ng iba pang katangian ng pagiging Manlilikha ng Bayan.
Ilan sa mga pribilehiyong matatanggap ng mga gagawaran ng parangal bilang Manlilikha ng Bayan ay ang pagkakaroon ng ranggo at titulo ng Manlilikha ng Bayan gaya ng nasasaad sa Executive Order No. 236 o Honors Code of the Philippines, pagtanggap ng medalyon ng GAMABA na nababalot ng ginto na gawa ng Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, pagkakamit ng gantimpala na nagkahahalaga ng PhP200,000.00, pagkakaroon ng buwanang pensiyon na nagkakahalagang PhP50,000.00 at benepisyong pang-medikal na nagkakahalaga ng hindi hihigit sa PhP750,000.00 kada taon.
Make Something Up

Make Something Up: Stories You Can't Unread is a collection of short stories published on May 26, 2015, and written by Chuck Palahniuk.
Make Something Up ranked No. 8 on the ALA's list of the Top Ten Challenged Books of 2016, due to profanity, sexual explicitness, and being "disgusting and all around offensive."
Sandra Newman in The Guardian has many reservations: "In Palahniuk, we have a writer at the height of his powers, but who refuses to use those powers for good, and sometimes refuses to use them at all; who would rather soak his powers in urine, then eat them and vomit them into your lap. It's a performance that can be exhilarating when graceful, but simply painful when it is not. He is an enfant terrible in desperate need of adult supervision, and one wishes Palahniuk's editors would convince him not to publish his flimsiest tantrums. I would love to read his next 'Knock-Knock', but not at the risk of reading his next 'Torcher'."
Mark Diston in The Register writes that "overall this collection is amusing, insightful and wickedly funny. Chuck Palahniuk is a different writer set free from the constrictions of writing a 'straight' novel. The same problems that made Beautiful You such a flawed work are still apparent in this collection, but Make Something Up is a much more relaxed, playful and better book."
RWBY Chibi

RWBY Chibi is an American animated comedy web series produced by Rooster Teeth Animation for Rooster Teeth. It is a spin-off of RWBY, where each episode consists of several scenes where aspects of RWBY's characters are usually exaggerated for comic effect. The series was first announced as part of Rooster Teeth's 13th Anniversary celebration on April 1, 2016 and premiered May 7. In January 2017, Rooster Teeth confirmed that the second season's premiere would be later in that year on May 13 on Rooster Teeth and May 20 on YouTube. A third season premiered on January 27, 2018, on Rooster Teeth and February 3, 2018 on YouTube. Following the conclusion of the third season, the series would go on an indefinite hiatus.
The animated anthology series Neon Konbini, which premiered on May 27, 2021 on Rooster Teeth, would continue RWBY Chibi by airing ten individual segments of the series across its eight episodes before concluding on July 15, 2021. In March 2023, these segments were re-released on YouTube as the "fourth season" of RWBY Chibi.
RWBY Chibi was announced by Gray Haddock in April 2016. RWBY Chibi can be described as a comedy series consisting of two to five segments per episode. Each episode has a run time of about three to seven minutes. The series uses both the RWBY characters and world, but is animated in a different art style. RWBY Chibi is not considered to be canon, with characters repeatedly breaking the fourth wall. The first season premiered on May 7, 2016, and consisted of 24 episodes, which were aired weekly at the usual RWBY release time on Saturdays. It concluded on October 15, 2016, just one week before the release of the RWBY Volume 4 premiere. A second season of RWBY Chibi premiered on Rooster Teeth's web site on May 13, 2017. The third season premiered on January 27, 2018.
Gaffer tape

Gaffer tape (also known as gaffer's tape, gaff tape or gaffa tape as well as spike tape for narrow, colored gaffer tape) is a heavy cotton cloth pressure-sensitive tape with strong adhesive and tensile properties. It is widely used in theatre, photography, film, radio and television production, and industrial staging work.
While sometimes confused with duct tape, gaffer tape differs in the composition of both the backing, which is made from fabric as opposed to vinyl or other plastics, and the adhesive, which is more resistant to heat and more easily removed without damaging the surface to which it adhered.
The precise origin of the name is unknown, one hypothesis being that it is named for the gaffer (chief lighting technician) on a film crew. When cables are taped down on a stage or other surface, either to prevent tripping hazards or conceal them from view of the audience or camera, they are said to be gaffed or gaffered.
Gaffer tape was invented in 1959 by Ross Lowell, director, cinematographer, and founder of Lowel-Light. Lowell reworked Johnson & Johnson's Permacel duct tape product by combining the Permacel adhesive with a silver fabric backing to create gaffer tape which could hold a flat metal plate to a window.
Gaffer tape is manufactured in many colors, including fluorescent and custom colors, but perhaps the most common variety is matte black. A matte finish keeps the tape from reflecting light, so that it blends in with a typical stage floor. It is sold in a variety of widths, from 1⁄4 in (6 mm) to 4 in (102 mm), with 1 in (25 mm) and 2 in (51 mm) being the most common. Gaffer tape is strong, yet can be torn by hand, so no cutting tools are necessary, and it can easily be ripped into narrower strips when desired. The synthetic adhesive typically leaves little or no residue and will generally not damage most surfaces when it is removed. Gaffer tape is usually more expensive than duct tape because it is manufactured in smaller quantities, has more exacting specifications, and is marketed for professional use.
A common application for gaffer tape is securing cables to a stage floor, podium, or other surface, either for safety or concealment. It is also frequently used whenever a quick ad hoc fix is required, from temporarily attaching fixtures or props, to salvaging a broken piece of production equipment. A narrow version of gaffer tape, called spike tape, is used in theater productions for floor layout.
In the absence of console tape or artist tape, live sound engineers or light board operators may use a strip of white gaffer tape along the bottom of a mixing board to label the channels or submasters used for a particular show.
In rock climbing gyms, gaffer tape can be used to mark climbs on the wall. It is preferable to duct tape because it is stronger and lasts longer on the wall.
Gaffer (occupation)

In film and television crews, the gaffer or chief lighting technician is the head electrician, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production. The gaffer's assistant is the best boy electric.
There are several possible explanations for the history of the term gaffer.
One possibility is that the term originally referred to the moving of overhead equipment, or before electricity and in Shakespeare-era play theatres, lighting louvres to control lighting levels using a long pole with a wide grappling hook on its end, called a gaff.
Another potential origin is as a contraction of "godfather", originally applied by country people to an elderly man, or one whose position entitled him to respect; the female equivalent was "gammer", a contraction of "godmother". Both words are found in the comic play Gammer Gurton's Needle, printed in 1575 but possibly written earlier.
In this etymology, "gaffer" later became used more generally for a "master" or "governor", and by 1841 was applied to foremen and supervisors of gangs of workmen.
In any case, it has been applied specifically to the chief electrician on a film set since the 1920s. The Oxford English Dictionary includes a citation from Picture-Play Magazine of 1926 and a 1929 book on motion picture production also uses the term.
The gaffer is responsible for managing lighting, including associated resources such as labor, lighting instruments and electrical equipment under the direction of the director of photography (DP, DOP or Cinematographer) or, in television, the lighting director (LD).
The DP/LD is responsible for the overall lighting design, but delegates the implementation of the design to the gaffer and the key grip. The key grip is the head grip, in charge of the labor and non-electrical equipment used to support and modify the lighting. Grip equipment includes stands, flags and gobos. The gaffer will usually have an assistant called a best boy and, depending on the size of the job, crew members who are called "set lighting technicians" or "electricians", although not all of them are trained as electricians in the usual sense of the term.
The name of the position gives its name by association to gaffer tape, a strong cloth-backed adhesive tape used within the film and TV industry. Gaffer tape is typically used by set lighting technicians under the supervision of, and not directly by, a gaffer. Many other types of tape are also used in the industry, such as paper tape, pressure-sensitive tape (A.K.A. snot tape), electrical tape, J-LAR, and cloth tape.
Gaffers and Sattler

Gaffers and Sattler (often styled Gaffers & Sattler) was a California-based appliance company. Their gas ranges and stand-alone ovens were particularly popular in the Los Angeles area in the middle of the 20th Century.
John H. Sattler, George A. Sattler, and W.C. Gaffers established Gaffers and Sattler, Inc. in Los Angeles in 1925. In 1946, Utility Appliance Corporation purchased both Gaffers and Sattler and Occidental Stove. Republic Corporation then purchased the company in 1961.
In 1968, Republic sold Gaffers and Sattler to Magic Chef for approximately $20 million. By the early 1970s, Businessweek referred to the business as "moneylosing." By 1978, Gaffers and Sattler accounted for approximately one quarter of Magic Chef's total sales. That same year, approximately 350 Teamsters union employees making electric and gas ranges went on strike for one month, leading to a new 35 month contract. By the late 1970s, Gaffers and Sattler employed approximately 900 individuals in a large plant in the City of Industry, California.
Stove features included the "Thermal Eye," which allowed the user to set the burner to a particular temperature. The "Tel-Temp Griddle" was an aluminum griddle that had a built-in thermometer. The "Roast-o-Matic" enabled the cook to delay the oven start a particular number of hours.
In 1956, gas ranges included the "oven sentinel," a probe which could be inserted into meat and then would automatically turn off the oven when the desired temperature was reached.
In 1973, Mary Tyler Moore appeared in a Gaffers and Sattler ad, highlighting the ease of use of such stoves for busy women.
Pumpernickel

Pumpernickel er et tradisjonelt rugbrød, fra Westfalen i Tyskland.
Etter tyske, offentlige retningslinjer skal brødet bestå av 90 % grovt eller fullkorns rugmel. Dersom brødet lages av fullkorn, skal minst to tredeler være surdeig. Baketiden skal være minst 16 timer.
Etter den opprinnelige oppskriften ble brødet laget av grovt mel, som ble lagt til svelling i varmt vann i mange timer. Deretter ble det bakt i lukkede former på 200 °C, før det dampet ved 100 °C i 16 til 24 timer. Dette fører til at stivelsen i melet karamelliserte, noe som ga pumpernikkelen den dypbrune fargen, og den karakteristiske lettsøtelige lukten og smaken. Årsaken til dette er Maillard-reaksjonen. Fordi brødet ikke inneholder hevelsesmiddel som surdeig eller gjær, blir det kompakt, saftig og faller lett fra hverandre. Brødet får heller ingen skorpe.
I dag blir vanligvis prosessen ved å lage Pumpernickel forkortet ved at deigen tilsettes surdeig, gjær og malt. Siden denne fremgangsmåten gjør at mindre stivelse blir karamellisert, blir sukkersirup tilsatt som en erstatning.
Pumpernickel har en veldig lang holdbarhetstid: I forseglet pose holder det seg i flere måneder, og i bokser i opptil to år.
Det sannsynligvis eldste bakeriet som fremdeles produserer Pumpernickel ble grunnlagt i 1570 av Jörgen Haverlanth i Soest, Tyskland. Bakeriet eies fortsatt den dag i dag av hans etterkommere.
Jektefarten

Jektefarten var en handelsfart med jekt som gikk langs kysten fra Vestlandet til Nord-Norge fra slutten av middelalderen til tidlig på 1900-tallet. Den tidligste jektefarten man kjenner gikk mellom handelsbyen Bergen og fiskeværene fra Helgeland til Finnmark, med korn nordover og tørrfisk sørover. I tillegg til den lange ruta langs norskekysten fantes det tre kjerneområder for jektebruk og jektfart i lokal og regional trafikk: Sogn/Nordfjord, Trondheimsfjorden og Salten/Lofoten.
Selv om grunnlaget for jektefarten fra Nord-Norge til Bergen var tørrfisken, ble også andre varer med. Andre ettertraktede handelsvarer var tran, hvalolje og skinn av røyskatt (hermelin), oter, ulv, rødrev, bjørn, sel, rein og geit. Nordover fraktet man i tillegg til rugmel og andre kornvarer, også hamp, lin, øl, brennevin, keramikk, metallvarer, krydder, salt, tobakk og tøyvarer.
En stor del av årsaken til at jektefarten oppsto, var at kongen forbød hanseatene å seile nord for Bergen, til de norske «skatteområdene». Det har også vært en utstrakt jektefart i fjordene på Vestlandet, både nord og sør for Bergen. Her var det blant annet sild og landbruksprodukter som ble transportert. Jektefarten var en livsnerve i kysttrafikken, både for transport av handelsvarer og persontrafikk. I Trøndelag var det allerede på 1500-tallet en utstrakt jektetrafikk mellom Trondheim og distriktene rundt. Her var det trolig jordbruksprodukter og trelast som ble fraktet. Trondheim mistet mange av sine handelsprivilegier for trøndelagsområdet i 1840, og etter dette bygde mange bønder egne jekter. Det rike jordbruks- og tømmeroverskuddet førte til en blomstringstid for jektefarten i dette området i siste halvdel av 1800-årene.
Jektene ble bygget etter lokale håndverkstradisjoner langs kysten fra Vestlandet og nordover, byggingen var fullstendig basert på båtbyggerens erfaring, uten tegninger eller modeller. De ble klinkbygget på tradisjonelt nordisk vis. En jekt er en stor, bred seilskute uten fast dekk. Størrelsen ble oppgitt i antall tønner og ikke som mål i lengde og bredde. Formen og det løse dekket gjorde den spesielt godt egnet for frakt av tørrfisk, som hadde lav vekt, men tok stor plass. Lasten kunne derfor stables til langt over dekket. Jekta beholdt sin form til langt ut på 1800-tallet.
Rugbrød

Rugbrød er betegnelsen for et brød fremstilt av grovt eller halvsiktet rugmel.
Rugbrød fikk sin utbredelse i Norge i vikingtiden, og i middelalderen var rug det mest brukte kornslaget i Norge. Blant annet fordi rugkornet er en svært hardfør korntype som tåler mer kulde enn andre kornsorter.
Ved elting av rugmelet med vann, salt og hevemiddel (gjær eller surdeig) fremstilles en svært kompakt deig som hever fra en time til mer enn et døgn (alt etter brødtype) og deretter puttes i form av passende størrelse.
Steketiden for rugbrød er lang sammenlignet med andre brødformer, og kan være helt opp til tre timer for rugbrød og 24 timer alt etter brødtype. Rugbrød er mindre fett enn andre brødformer, blant annet fordi det ikke brukes olje i fremstillingen av brødet.
Det tradisjonelle danske rugbrødet skiller seg fra svensk og tysk rugbrød ved hhv. å være mindre søtt og mindre mørkt.
Ingar Helgesen

Ingar Helgesen (født 17. oktober 1943) er en norsk musiker, sanger, gitarist, tekniker, arrangør og plateprodusent.
Han har vært tekniker og plateprodusent for flere artister siden han begynte i bransjen på 1970-tallet og har siden dengang jobbet for studioer som Roger Arnhoff Studio, Hitcompagniet, Fagerborg Studio og Oslo Lydstudio. Ingar Helgesen har blant annet jobbet med artister som D.D.E., Jokke, Kong Lavring, Stokstad/Jensen Trad.Band, Vazelina Bilopphøggers, Arnold Børud, Hilde Heltberg, Jonas Fjeld og nyere artister som Staut og Plumbo. Han har drevet Ingar Helgesen Studioproduksjon i Asker. I tillegg til å jobbe i studio som arrangør, tekniker og produsent, var han på 1970-tallet gitarist og sanger i visegruppen Kniplia Pukkverk sammen med blant andre Stein Ove Berg.
Spellemannprisen 2021

Spellemannprisen 2021 var den 50. utgaven av Spellemannprisen og ble delt ut i april 2022 for musikkåret 2021. Artisten Marie Ulven, kjent under artistnavnet Girl in Red, ble kåret til årets Spellemann og vant ytterligere to priser, mens Hellbillies ble tildelt hedersprisen.
Hovedutdelingen fant sted fredag 22. april i Sentralen i Oslo og ble overført direkte av NRK. Åtte av prisene ble delt ut under hovedutdelingen, mens de øvrige prisene ble delt ut på forhånd i løpet av uken før hovedutdelingen. Utdelingen av de forhåndsutdelte prisene ble vist i opptak på NRK etter hovedutdelingen. Utdelingen ble ledet av Sandeep Singh, Mona B. Riise og Tarjei Strøm. Artisten Tønes fikk den første prisen under en sending på NRK P1 mandag 18. april. Han vant klassen viser og visepop for albumet Thilda Bøes legat.
De nominerte ble offentliggjort fredag 11. februar 2022. Girl in Red ble nominert til syv priser, som er det største antallet nominasjoner en artist har fått foran en utdeling. Gabrielle, Stig Brenner og Hagle fikk tre nominasjoner hver. To nye klasser ble innført i forbindelse med utdelingen: klassene festmusikk og årets utgivelse, sistnevnte en videreføring av klassen årets album som ble delt ut siste gang under Spellemannprisen 2019. Klassen folkemusikk og tradisjonsmusikk endret navn til tradisjonsmusikk, klassen viser endret navn til viser og visepop mens klassen indie/alternativ endret navn til alternativ pop/rock. Det ble delt ut priser i totalt 28 klasser, 17 av disse sjangerbestemte klasser. Spellemannprisen meldte om ny rekord i antall påmeldte bidrag uten å oppgi antallet.
Alternativ pop/rock
Barnemusikk
Blues
Country
Elektronika
Festmusikk
Hiphop
Jazz
Klassisk
Metal
Pop
RnB/soul
Rock
Samtid
Tradisjonsmusikk
Viser og visepop
Åpen klasse
Årets tekstforfatter
Årets låtskriver
TONOs komponistpris
Årets produsent
Årets utgivelse
Årets musikkvideo
Årets låt
Årets gjennombrudd og Gramostipend
Årets internasjonale suksess
Steinar Krokstad (musiker)

Steinar Krokstad (født 1960) er en norsk musiker. Han har opptrådt på scene og arbeidet som studiomusiker for en rekke norske utøvere.
Krokstad begynte å spille trommer i 1974. Han har vært profesjonell musiker siden mai 1980 og har jobbet som musiker på scene, i studio, TV og teater, både nasjonalt og internasjonalt. I 2008 fikk han Gammleng-prisen i klassen for studiomusikere.
Åge Aleksandersen og Sambandet, Stage Dolls, Terje Rypdal, Ronni Le Tekrø and the Daredevils, Gary Holton & Casino Steel, Chris Thompson (Manfred Mann) og Mads Eriksen band, Terje Tysland, Lava, Egil Eldøen, Björn Afzelius, Hilde Heltberg, Marius Muller, Scott Gorham (Thin Lizzy), Postgirobygget, Tre Små Kinesere, Dance With A Stranger, Katrina (Katrina and the Waves), Leo Sayer, Hungry John, Mambo Compañeros, Lynni Treekrem, Mikael Wiehe, Ottar «Big Hand» Johansen, Terje Nilsen, Horns for Hire, Steinar Albrigtsen, Annbjørg Lien, Jørn Hoel, Sigvart Dagsland, Elisabeth Andreassen, Trine Rein, Anita Skorgan, Claudia Scott, Bjørn Eidsvåg, Rita Eriksen, Odin Staveland, Elisabeth Moberg, Singel og Sand, Ylvis, Grete Kausland, Hans Rotmo, Vømmøl, Cortina, LoMsk, Lise Olden, Ole Edvard Antonsen, Henning Sommerro, Jonas Fjeld, Jan Eggum, Malin, Celine, Helene Bøksle, Trond-Viggo Torgersen, «Fish» (Marillion). Nana, Seljemark, Geir «Smiley» Tosaunet, Christine Sandtorv, Fabel, Fredrik Strand Halland, Gest, Harald Nesse, Øivind Elgenes, Frode Alnæs, K.M. Myrland, Torhild Sivertsen, Herborg Kråkevik, Christine Sandtorv, Kurt Nilsen, Sivert Høyem, Hanne Boel, Mari Boine, Åge Sten Nilsen, Marion Ravn, Inger Lise Rypdal, Anders Jektvik, Are Hembre, Ketil Stokkan, Ian Hunter, Benny Borg, Marit Larsen, Jamie Moses, Steve Vai, Devin Townsend, Sofia Karlsson, Hanne Krogh, Rein Alexander.
Bindemiddel

Bindemiddel er betegnelsen på en komponent som tilsettes andre komponenter for å binde dem sammen. I stedet for bindemiddel brukes iblant begrepet medium.
For å feste fargestoffer, også kalt pigmenter, til et underlag trenger man et bindemiddel. Det er ved å tilsette bindemiddelet at man lager en maling, faktisk er bindemiddelet den eneste påkrevde komponenten i en maling; de øvrige bestanddelene kan varieres. Man deler malingstyper i ulike grupper, og det er da i realiteten typen bindemiddel man karakteriserer: malinger med og uten fettstoffer.
Eksempler på bindemidler som brukes for å lage oljemaling er
Tradisjonelt var det – som betegnelsen tilsier – vann man tilsatte for å lage vannbaserte malinger. Vannbaserte kunstnermalinger kalles akvarell og gouache.
Lim kan også brukes som bindemiddel til å feste farge til et underlag.
Ruisleipä

Ruisleipä (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈrui̯sˌlei̯pæ] , rye bread) is a dark sourdough rye bread produced extensively in Finland. It is the most popular type of bread in Finland. It is a staple in Finnish cuisine, and holds the status of the national food, as determined by a 2017 vote. Finland celebrates ruisleivän päivä (rye bread day) on February 28.
Unlike the more internationally popular German rye breads, Finnish rye bread tends to have a less oily or moist texture. Most common variations of Finnish rye bread lack sweetness and the addition of spices like caraway, distinguishing them from Swedish counterparts. Finnish rye bread is made from whole grain rye flour, distinguishing it from bread made with lighter and finer sifted rye flour. Storage plays a crucial role in maintaining the bread's texture. Freshly consumed rye bread is thick, while bread stored for an extended period becomes thin.
Traditional rye bread shapes vary, with large, round, and thick bread being the most common. In Karelia and Savo, this type of soft rye bread, often referred to simply as leipä (bread) or musta leipä (black bread), was a weekly staple. Other regional varieties had distinct names based on grain type and acidity levels. One traditional form, called reikäleipä (hole bread) or ruisreikäleipä (rye hole bread), is a characteristic of western Finland. Traditionally, it was baked in ring shapes and suspended on poles just below kitchen ceilings to dry and be stored. Dried reikäleipä could be stored over winter and required moistening before consumption. Another variant is the somewhat softer limppu or ruislimppu.
More modern variations of rye bread, angular in shape, have become popular in Finland. Commercially, Vaasan Ruispala claims the title of Finland's most popular bread. Similar to reikäleipä but designed for single portions, it borrows elements from German rye bread, deviating from traditional Finnish textures. Competing products like Fazer's Ruispuikulat and Oululainen's Reissumies offer alternative shapes while maintaining a more traditional formulation than Ruispala.
Gardetto's

Gardetto's is a brand of snack mix owned by General Mills, which also owns the similar Chex Mix. The Gardetto Family Bakery was founded in 1932 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin by Baptiste and Diane Gardetto and was acquired by General Mills in 1999. According to the packaging, it was at the bakery that Judy Gardetto took the trimmings of breadsticks and mixed them with other snack bits and a blend of special seasonings.
In 1931, Judy Gardetto began baking breadstick ends marinated in oil, garlic and Worcestershire sauce in her own oven. Her family produced them at the bakery plant and initially sold them as "Gardetto's Snak-Ens" to bars and restaurants in 10-pound bags. Her father added pretzels, rye chips and Chex cereal to the mix and began selling them "Gardetto's Deluxe Snak-Ens". It was initially marketed to high-end shops in the midwest. In 1987, the company began selling 1.75-oz bags in vending machines, and attributed demand taking off to this decision. The product name was eventually changed to Original Recipe.
Today, Gardetto's is sold in "original" recipe (with changes as noted below) as well as in reduced fat original, Italian recipe, Italian cheese blend, and a deli-style mustard pretzel mix. Gardetto's Mixes do not contain peanuts or traces of tree nuts, but do contain wheat, milk, and soy ingredients.
In 2006, Gardetto's released a "special request" snack including only the brown rye chips.
Discontinued varieties include Sour Cream and Onion and Ranch flavored mixes, both of which replaced the rye toast crackers with spiral cut cracker bits. Pizza Mix was also eliminated after several years of production and later replaced by Italian Recipe.
In early 2013, General Mills removed the sesame seed breadstick from the Gardetto's original recipe and replaced it with a different breadstick found in other popular snack mixes put out by General Mills.