davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Panglao Island

Panglao is an island in the north Bohol Sea, located in the Central Visayas region of the Visayas island group, in the south-central Philippines.
The island has an area of 91.12 square kilometres (35.18 sq mi). It is within Bohol Province, and comprises two municipalities: Dauis and Panglao. Panglao island is located southwest of the island of Bohol and east and south of Cebu.
Panglao has a terrain that ranges from plain, hilly to mountainous. Panglao is made of Maribojoc limestone, the youngest of the limestone units found in the western area of Bohol. The limestone composition delayed the development of the international airport as coralline limestone is soluble which causes formation of caves and sinkholes. One interesting geological feature found in the island is the Hinagdanan Cave which has an underground water source. The cave is an important water source as the island has no rivers or lakes.
Panglao is a popular tourist destination in the Philippines and includes several small islands, such as Gak-ang, Pontod, and Balicasag and is close to Pamalican island.
According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 79,216.
Panglao was known to Chinese, Malay, Siamese and Indonesian traders. It once housed the precolonial polity of Bo-ol.
About 250 new species of crustaceans and 2500 new species of mollusks were found around the island. The discovery was the work of the Panglao Marine Biodiversity Project. The project found that Panglao alone has more marine biodiversity than Japan and the Mediterranean Sea.
The Panglao Island Protected Seascape was declared a national park under Republic Act No. 11038 (Expanded National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 2018) signed by President Rodrigo Duterte in July 2018.
Panglao island is one of the main tourist destinations on the Philippines. Alona Beach is the most popular tourist spot on the island, noted for its white sand and clear water. There are also a lot of attractions to do for tourists such as scuba diving, island hopping, dolphin watching, snorkeling, kitesurfing and fishing.
Bohol–Panglao International Airport (TAG/RPSP) is the primary international airport serving the province of Bohol. The airport opened in November 2018, replacing the former Tagbilaran Airport and now serving Panglao Island and the rest of Bohol. There are almost hourly daytime flights to and from Manila operated by Philippine Airlines, Cebu Pacific, and Air Asia. There are also flights to and from Davao and El Nido every second day. International flights recommenced after the pandemic to Korea with up to 3 flights a day, as well as scheduled charter flights from China. It is less than 2 hours of travel time by fast ferry to Cebu.
There is a regular air-conditioned bus service from the airport to Tagbilaran City (Island City Mall and v/v PHP 50 each way) and a circular route to Alona beach. Short trips are usually by Tuk-Tuks or motor tricycle taxis, fares negotiable.
The island is connected with the Bohol main island by two bridges namely the Cong. Suarez Bridge and the Gov. Borja Bridge. A third bridge, also connecting the island to mainland Bohol, is under construction.
Agusan River

The Agusan River is third longest river in the Philippines, located in the north-eastern part of Mindanao island, draining majority of the Caraga region and some parts of Davao de Oro. It is the country's third largest river (after the Cagayan River and Rio Grande de Mindanao) with a total drainage area of 11,937 square kilometres (4,609 sq mi) and an estimated length of 349 kilometres (217 mi) from its origin.
The headwaters of the river are found in the mountains of Davao de Oro, near its border with Davao Oriental and east of Tagum. It flows through the wide Agusan River valley which measures 177 kilometers (110 mi) from south to north and varies from 32–48 kilometers (20–30 miles) in width. It finally drains into Butuan Bay at its mouth in Butuan.
One of the prominent features in the Agusan River basin is the presence of the Agusan Marsh covering a total area of 19,197 hectares (47,440 acres). The marsh serves a flood retention basin for the Agusan River, cutting the high discharge of water causing flash floods in the lower reaches of the river. Aside from that, the marsh harbors unique and pristine habitats like the sago and peat swamps forest and is a home to endangered and endemic flora and fauna. As a consequence, it was designated a wildlife sanctuary by then-President Fidel V. Ramos in 1996.
The Agusan River basin is divided into three sub-basins on the basis of topographic features: the upper Agusan River basin, the middle Agusan River basin, and the lower Agusan River basin. The upper Agusan River basin is the section from its headwaters in the mountains of Davao de Oro to Santa Josefa, Agusan del Sur to Veruela, Agusan del Sur, the middle Agusan River basin is the section of the river from Santa Josefa to Amparo, Agusan del Sur while the lower Agusan River basin is from Amparo to its mouth at Butuan.
Mount Hamiguitan

Mount Hamiguitan is a mountain located in the province of Davao Oriental, Philippines. It has a height of 1,620 metres (5,315 ft). The mountain and its vicinity has one of the most diverse wildlife populations in the country. Among the wildlife found in the area are Philippine eagles and several species of Nepenthes. Some of the latter, such as the Nepenthes peltata and Nepenthes micramphora, are endemic to the area. The mountain has a protected forest area of approximately 2,000 hectares. This woodland is noted for its unique pygmy forest of century-old trees in ultramafic soil, with many endangered, endemic and rare species of flora and fauna.
The Mount Hamiguitan range, with an area of 6,834 hectares (68.34 km), was declared a national park and a wildlife sanctuary in 2003. In 2014, the park was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, becoming the first in Mindanao and the sixth in the Philippines.
Mount Hamiguitan is part of the Eastern Mindanao Biodiversity Corridor. Conservation of the mountain range is a multisectoral effort done involving the provincial government of Davao Oriental, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, local communities, and indigenous people.
Mount Hamiguitan is located in the province of Davao Oriental in the southeastern part of the island of Mindanao, Philippines. It occupies the land area within the political boundaries of Mati, San Isidro, and Governor Generoso.
Inventory of flora species in the mountain and its vicinity showed that its montane forest has the highest species richness of plants with 462 species, followed by its dipterocarp forest with 338 species, mossy forest with 246 species and agro-system with 246 species. The mountain also harbors 45 species of orchids, 23 of which are endemic to the Philippines. Some of the plants commonly found on Mount Hamiguitan include the following:
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List has identified at least 11 endangered vertebrate species. The Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources and Development (PCARRD) reported that the mountain is inhabited by five endangered species, 27 rare species, 44 endemic species and 59 economically important species. The following species can be found in the area:
In 2004, Mount Hamiguitan was declared as a wildlife sanctuary through the Mount Hamiguitan Law which was enacted by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo under the initiative of senator Loren Legarda.
In June 2014, the Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. Prior to this, the site has already been declared an ASEAN Heritage Park.
White-winged cuckooshrike

The white-winged cuckooshrike (Edolisoma ostentum), also known as white-winged cicadabird or white-winged graybird, is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is endemic to the Philippines found on the islands of Negros, Panay and formerly (now extinct) on Guimaras. Some taxonomists place this species in the genus Analisoma.
Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
EBird describes the bird as "A medium-sized, fairly long-tailed bird of forest and edge from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains on Panay and Negros. Gray on the crown, back, and rump. Has black wings with a large white patch, a black tail with white tips, and white under the base of the tail. Male has a black forehead, face, and chest, whereas the female has pale gray underparts. Similar to Bar-bellied cuckooshrike, but smaller, lacking the barring on the belly, with white on the wing. Voice includes a harsh rising and falling shriek repeated at intervals."
This species is monotypic and has no subspecies.
Feeds on large adult and larval insects. Occurs singly, in small groups or with mixed-species flocks of other medium sized birds like Visayan cuckooshrike. They can form flocks of up to 8-10 birds.Typically forages in the canopy.
Breeds from February to September. Nest is undescribed but supposedly recorded 20 meters above the ground on a forked branch. Clutch size is 2 to 3 eggs. Both male and females feed and care for the chick.
Its natural habitats at tropical moist lowland primary forest and secondary forest up to 1,300 meters above sea level. While they can tolerate secondary forest, they have the highest population densities and health in primary (old-growth) forest.
The IUCN Red List has assessed this bird as vulnerable with the population being estimated at 6,000 to 15,000 mature individuals. Its main threat is habitat destruction through both legal and Illegal logging, conversion into farmlands through Slash-and-burn, charcoal burning, and mining. Its preference for low altitudes suggests that it must have suffered population losses with the loss of lowland forest in the Philippines. Habitat loss on both Negros and Panay has been extensive. By 2007, Negros and Panay had a 3% and 6% remaining forest cover with most of this being higher elevation forest where this bird does not thrive in with these figures are still declining.
It occurs in a few protected areas on Northern Negros Natural Park, Mount Kanlaon National Park and Northwest Panay Peninsula Natural Park. However, as with most areas in the Philippines, protection from hunting and illegal logging is lax.
Conservation actions proposed are surveys particularly on Panay, to identify further key populations. Formally protect the Central Panay Mountain Range and other key sites. Promote more effective protection measures for the Northern Negros Natural Park. Encourage careful reforestation activities around remaining forests with emphasis on native trees.
Emilio Charles Jr.

Sergio Emilio Charles Garduño (12 de octubre de 1956 - 27 de diciembre de 2012) fue un luchador mexicano mejor conocido bajo el nombre de Emilio Charles Jr. Él es el hijo del luchador profesional Emilio Charles. Con los años Emilio Charles, Jr. trabajo para prácticamente todas las grandes promociones de lucha libre profesional mexicana incluyendo el Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) y la International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG). Él es también uno de los miembros fundadores del grupo de lucha libre llamado Los Destructores junto con Vulcano y Tony Arce. Él era también un miembro clave en el grupo de Los Guapos, así como un grupo llamado Los talibanes, tanto con los socios y amigos de lucha Scorpio Jr. y Bestia Salvaje por largo tiempo.
Global Force Wrestling

Global Force Wrestling (GFW) fue una organización profesional de lucha libre profesional estadounidense fundada en 2014 por Jeff Jarrett. Jarrett, el fundador y expresidente de la Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), anunció su intención de crear una nueva promoción de lucha libre, poco después de dejar oficialmente TNA en enero de 2014. Jarrett regresó a TNA, entonces llamada Impact Wrestling, en un papel ejecutivo en enero de 2017 y anunció que GFW se había «fusionado» con Impact Wrestling el 20 de abril de 2017. El 28 de junio de 2017, se anunció que Impact Wrestling había completado la adquisición de GFW y la compañía posteriormente cambió de marca y tomó el nombre de GFW como propio.
Aunque Jeff Jarrett en un principio siguió siendo un inversionista minoritario en TNA Wrestling, debutó el branding de Global Force Wrestling, en abril de 2014. Desde entonces, ha estado promocionando la marca y el establecimiento de alianzas internacionales con promociones de lucha libre en todo el mundo. La organización tiene una alianza estratégica con 25/7 Productions y David Broome (creador de NBC 's' ' The Biggest Loser' '). Broome ha declarado que la organización planea crear nuevo contenido en el aire 52 semanas al año.
En agosto de 2014, GFW ha anunciado acuerdos de trabajo con la promoción de México Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA), New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW) la promoción de Japón, múltiples promociones europeas, promoción de Sudáfrica World Wrestling Professionals (WWP), y promociones de Australia y Nueva Zelanda. Como parte de la relación de GFW con la New Japan Pro Wrestling, GFW "presentó" de NJPW Wrestle Unido 9 en el Tokyo Dome en PPV el 4 de enero de 2015,que ofreció comentarios de Jim Ross y Matt Striker.
El histórico primer show de Global Force Wrestling se llevará a cabo la noche del viernes, 12 de junio en el Ballpark de Jackson,Tennessee, como parte de la GFW "Grand Slam Tour".
El hogar de grabaciones de eventos en vivo en el futuro para la empresa estará en Orleans Arena de Las Vegas. Los tres primeros eventos fueron anunciados y está previsto que tenga lugar el 24 de julio de 2015, 21 de agosto de 2015 y el 23 de octubre de 2015.
Global Force Wrestling tuvo 4 títulos en su historia
Véase: Campeonatos de Global Force Wrestling
En abril de 2017, Karen Jarrett anunció que la compañía Global Force Wrestling (la cual, era perteneciente a su esposo Jeff Jarrett) sería parte dentro de las actividades de Impact Wrestling y sus respectivos campeonatos sería defendidos en dicho programa. Esto debido a que la GFW cerró sus operaciones por lo que esta se fusionó con Impact para mantener sus actividades.
Pro-Wrestling: EVE

Pro-Wrestling: EVE, también conocida como EVE, es una empresa femenino independiente de lucha libre profesional inglesa en Reino Unido fundada en 2010 y dirigida por Dann y Emily Read. La empresa se agota en The Resistance Gallery en Bethnal Green y también promueve eventos en teatros y ayuntamientos.
Incorpora feminismo, punk rock​ y lucha libre profesional. Se llevó a cabo el primer evento de lucha libre profesional para mujeres en Londres en marzo de 2016.
Pro-Wrestling: EVE fue desarrollada originalmente en 2010 por la pareja casada Dann y Emily Read debido a su deseo de exhibir la lucha profesional femenina.​​ También querían proporcionar modelos femeninos positivos para su hija. Emily describe la promoción como "feminista, de base empresa", así como el punk. En 2012, Pro-Wrestling: EVE se incluyó en el documental de la revista Vice,​ The British Wrestler, así como una característica en la revista Fabulous.​
La promoción se suspendió temporalmente en 2012, mientras que Emily fue hospitalizada debido a tendencias suicidas en virtud de la Ley de Salud Mental. Más tarde fue dada de alta del hospital con un diagnóstico de trastorno bipolar. Las Reads pudieron volver a abrir la promoción y tuvieron su primer evento desde la pausa en marzo de 2016. Fue el primer evento de lucha libre profesional femenino en Londres.​​
En 2017, tanto la lucha femenina como la lucha profesional británica en general disfrutaron de un crecimiento en popularidad a nivel internacional.​ La transmisión de la promoción se muestra en internet pay-per-view (iPPV).​
Equipo de Reconstrucción Provincial

El Equipo de Reconstrucción Provincial (en inglés: Provincial Reconstruction Team, abreviado PRT) fueron unidades introducida por el gobierno de los Estados Unidos, tras la invasión estadounidense de Afganistán en el 2001 y tras la invasión de Irak de 2003. Estuvieron compuestas por personal militares y civil, diplomáticos y expertos en reconstrucción, con el objetivo de extender la autoridad del gobierno central afgano a las provincias y mejorar la seguridad y la estabilidad en el país, así como implementar proyectos de reconstrucción en infraestructura, educación, salud y otros sectores para mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población afgana.
Los trabajos comenzaron en 2002 en Afganistán (el primer PRT fue establecido en Gardez, provincia de Paktiyá, en noviembre de 2002) y en 2005 en Irak.
Los PRT generalmente estaban instalados en las bases militares desplegadas en los países invadidos, en Afganistán, en bases militares de la ISAF y en Irak, también en bases militares, pero había algunos fuera de esas ya que eran solo oficinas de coordinación. Podía comprender desde 60 personas hasta más de 1000 a fin de llevar a cabo proyectos de reconstrucción como carreteras, hospitales, escuelas, puentes, etc., así como de proteger a aquellos involucrados con el equipo.
Los diferentes países intervinientes en las guerras, en general gestionaban su ayuda a través de las agencias internacionales para el desarrollo, como por ejemplo USAID, de Estados Unidos, Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID), etc.. Si bien las agencias de Naciones Unidas no formaban parte de los PRT, muchas trabajaban en conjunto y con proyectos que compartían financiación, como por ejemplo el proyecto ACAP (Programa de Asistencia a Civiles Afganos) financiado por la USAID, era ejecutado por la OIM.
En marzo de 2010, existían 27 Equipos de Reconstrucción Provincial en Afganistán (PRT) en Afganistán, cada uno bajo mando de uno de los Estados miembros de la Fuerza Internacional de Asistencia para la Seguridad o ISAF por sus siglas en inglés (fuerzas desplegadas por la OTAN).
El cuartel general del Mando Regional Norte estaba en Mazari Sharif (o Mazār-e Šarīf), y estuvo liderado por tropas alemanas. Bajo este mando hay 5 PRT.
El Mando Regional Oeste estaba en Herat y estuvo liderado por fuerzas italianas. Existían para noviembre de 2008) 4 PRT bajo este mando.
El 31 de julio de 2006 la ISAF asumió el mando sobre la región sur de Afganistán. El cuartel general del Mando Regional Sur se encontraba en Kandahar. El 1 de noviembre de 2006, las fuerzas neerlandesas tomaron el mando dejado por las Fuerzas Canadienses. Existían 4 PRT bajo este mando.
El 5 de octubre de 2006, la ISAF también asumió el mando de los PRT en la región este del país afgano. El cuartel general del Mando Regional Este tomado por EE. UU. (Combined Joint Task Force 101) estaba en la Base Aérea de Bagram y era liderado por las fuerzas estadounidenses.
Vuelo 414 de TAN-SAHSA

El vuelo 414 de TAN-SAHSA fue un vuelo programado de San José, Costa Rica a Tegucigalpa, Honduras, con escala en Managua, Nicaragua. El vuelo, que fue operado por un Boeing 727 de TAN-SAHSA con 138 pasajeros y 8 tripulantes a bordo, se estrelló el 21 de octubre de 1989 durante la aproximación al Aeropuerto Internacional Toncontín en Tegucigalpa, matando a 131 de las 146 personas a bordo. El vuelo se estrelló contra una colina de la cordillera después de que los pilotos no siguieron un procedimiento especial de aterrizaje requerido para la llegada a ese aeropuerto. Fue el peor desastre en la historia de la aeronáutica de América Central.​
La aeronave accidentada era un Boeing 727-200, con registro N88705 alquilado por TAN-SAHSA de Continental Airlines.​ Realizó su primer vuelo el 21 de junio de 1968 y tenía menos de 22 años (21 años y 4 meses) de edad al momento del accidente.​
En la mañana del sábado 21 de octubre de 1989, la aeronave despegó del Aeropuerto Internacional Augusto C. Sandino en Managua, Nicaragua, para un vuelo programado al Aeropuerto Internacional Toncontín en Tegucigalpa, Honduras con 138 pasajeros y 8 tripulantes a bordo.​
Al acercarse a Tegucigalpa, la torre de control de Toncontín autorizó el aterrizaje por VOR/DME en la pista 01. Debido al terreno accidentado y montañoso que rodea la ciudad de Tegucigalpa, el procedimiento de aproximación requiere que se ejecute una serie de tres etapas de reducción gradual de altitud desde el punto de referencia inicial de la aproximación, localizada a una altitud de 2300 metros (7500 pies)​ por la naturaleza montañosa de la zona del aeropuerto.
Sin embargo, en lugar de seguir el procedimiento prescrito, los pilotos, el capitan Raúl Argueta de 34 años, el primer oficial Reiniero Canales de 26 años y el ingeniero de vuelo Marcos Figueroa, todos Hondureños, comenzaron un descenso continuo desde una altitud de aproximadamente 2320 metros (7600 pies), a una distancia de alrededor de 20 kilómetros (11 nmi) del aeropuerto, lo que resultó en un perfil de descenso muy por debajo del procedimiento de aproximación prescrito para Toncontín.​ A las 7:53 de la mañana, la aeronave se estrelló contra el cerro de Hula, cerca de la aldea Las Mesitas, a una altitud de 1500 metros (4900 pies), unos 240 metros (800 pies) bajo la cumbre del cerro, a una distancia de 9 kilómetros (4,9 nmi) del aeropuerto.​​
127 pasajeros y 4 tripulantes fallecieron en el accidente y el consiguiente incendio, entre las víctimas se encontraban Armando Blanco Paniagua en aquel entonces Ministro de Trabajo de Honduras y Mario Rodríguez Cubero, asistente del presidente de Costa Rica, Óscar Arias;​ 15 personas sobrevivieron.​​ Ambos pilotos y el ingeniero de vuelo, que sobrevivieron el accidente, serían acusados de homicidio y negligencia criminal, pero el juicio nunca se llevó a cabo.​ La única consecuencia que recibieron fue el no poder volver a pilotar un avión.
Dave Hebner

David Hebner (Richmond, Virginia, Estados Unidos, 17 de mayo de 1949-17 de junio de 2022)​ fue una figura de autoridad de lucha libre profesional estadounidense, promotor, agente de caminos y árbitro. Fue hermano gemelo del también árbitro de lucha libre estadounidense Earl Hebner.​
Debutó como árbitro profesional de lucha libre a fines de la década de 1970 en el área de Richmond, Virginia. En la década de 1980 comenzó a trabajar para la Federación de lucha del mundo , donde arbitró muchos partidos históricos como el salvaje de Randy contra Ricky Steamboat en WrestleMania III y salvaje de Randy contra Hulk Hogan en WrestleMania V. Quizás su aparición más memorable se produjo en el episodio del 5 de febrero de 1988 de The Main Event, cuando fue asignado a arbitrar un combate para el Campeonato Mundial de Peso Pesado WWF entre Hulk Hogan y André the Giant. André derrotó a Hogan después del gemelo de Hebner el hermano Earl había cambiado de lugar cuando Ted DiBiase había encerrado a Dave en un armario. Earl Hebner contó rápidamente hasta tres cuando André cubrió a Hogan, a pesar de que Hogan claramente tenía el hombro en alto. El partido y el Campeonato WWF fueron otorgados a André como resultado. Ambos Hebners recibieron un bono de $ 2,500 por el partido.​
Antes de WrestleMania IV, WWF intentó extender la historia del árbitro "gemelo malvado" a través de un " informe de investigación " de kayfabe publicado en la publicación insignia de las promociones, WWF Magazine. El artículo utilizó una historia de fondo ficticia para generar simpatía por Dave al afirmar que fue víctima constante de las fechorías de Earl cometidas en nombre de Dave desde su infancia. En una entrevista de 2001 con WWF Raw Magazine, Dave Hebner dijo que el ángulo pronto se cayó después de haber sufrido costillas rotas cuando Earl lo pateó (como parte de las secuelas del partido Hogan-Andre durante el evento Principal) Como resultado, la historia cambió para que Earl se aclarara, y él era el árbitro cuando Randy Savage ganó la final del torneo en WrestleMania IV contra Ted DiBiase para el Campeonato WWF.​
Después de retirarse como árbitro luego de una cirugía de reemplazo de rodilla , se convirtió en agente de ruta . Trabajó como agente de carreteras hasta julio de 2005, cuando fue liberado del contrato.
Después de ser lanzado, ¡Hebner debutó en Total Nonstop Action Wrestling en el episodio del 17 de diciembre de 2005 de TNA Impact! , apareciendo en el escenario durante un partido entre Team 3D y The Diamonds in the Rough .
Desde 2012, fue el gerente de The Lumberjacks de MMWA Wrestling.
Falleció en la madrugada del 17 de junio de 2022, en su domicilio, tras varios años de luchar contra la Enfermedad de Parkinson.​
Jim Duggan

James Stuart Duggan (Glens Falls, Nueva York; 14 de enero de 1954), más conocido en el ring como "Hacksaw" Jim Duggan, es un luchador profesional estadounidense semirretirado, conocido por su paso por la World Wrestling Federation y la World Championship Wrestling.
Durante su carrera se destaca el haber ganado el Campeonato de los Estados Unidos y el WCW World Television Championship, además de ser el primer ganador de la Royal Rumble Match en 1988 y es parte del WWE Hall of Fame de la clase del 2011.
Durante buena parte de su carrera, se hizo acompañar de una viga de madera, así como con una gran bandera norteamericana.
Antes de ser luchador profesional, fue jugador de fútbol americano durante su paso por la Universidad, llegando a firmar de manera profesional con el equipo de los Atlanta Falcons, retirándose de forma prematura por una grave lesión de rodilla.
Fue el primer ganador de un Royal Rumble en la historia, el Royal Rumble 1988. Igualmente, acudió a Wrestlemania donde luchó por el Campeonato de WWF en la primera lucha de triple amenaza contra André "El Gigante" y Randy Savage, pero perdió la lucha tras ganarla Randy Savage. Participó en la Batalla Real de Veinticuatro Hombres en WrestleMania XXIV, pero fue eliminado. También se le vio en el segmento de Raw, "Million Dollar Mania", junto con Vince McMahon.
En el 2005 regreso a WWE, se enfrentó con Finlay, Chris Masters, Carlito, Chris Benoit, Christian y Chris Jericho. Tras dos años en esta segunda etapa, fue despedido en 2007.
En el 2008 regresó a WWE y tuvo un combate con los, por entonces, Campeones Mundiales por Parejas Cody Rhodes y Ted DiBiase, Jr. debido a los insultos que le dedicaron, haciéndole ver que "su tiempo de gloria había pasado hacía tiempo". Tras ser derrotado en gran número de combates, comenzó a ser mal considerado en el círculo de la lucha libre profesional, lo que precipitó su nueva retirada.
En 2009, Duggan reaparece de forma sorprendente en el Royal Rumble como el #29 pero fue eliminado por The Big Show. En 2011 se anunció que sería introducido al WWE Hall of Fame. Apareció en el show de aceptación de Hall of Fame, y en WrestleMania XXVII junto a los demás introducidos en el Hall of Fame de 2011. Reaparece en el 25th Aniversario de Royal Rumble como el #19 pero fue eliminado por Cody Rhodes. Posteriormente apareció en el Royal Rumble comentando junto a Ric Flair y Shawn Michaels en una sección de entrevistas de Josh Mathews.
Duggan se unió a la empresa de Jeff Jarrett Global Force Wrestling, como promotor en giras.
7

El año 7 (VII) fue un año común comenzado en sábado del calendario juliano, en vigor en aquella fecha. En el Imperio romano, era conocido como el Año del consulado de Metelo y Nerva (o menos frecuentemente, año 760 Ab urbe condita). La denominación 7 para este año se ha usado desde principios del período medieval, cuando la era A. D. se convirtió en el método prevalente en Europa para nombrar a los años.
Mayhem (professional wrestling event)

Mayhem was a professional wrestling event by Canadian promotion Maple Leaf Pro Wrestling (MLP).
The event took place at St. Clair College in Windsor, Ontario, the same venue as the promotion's previous event Forged in Excellence and was streamed live across two days on Triller TV. It featured wrestlers from various promotions around the world such as All Elite Wrestling, Pro Wrestling Noah, Qatar Pro Wrestling, National Wrestling Alliance, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, New Japan Pro Wrestling and WWE via their independent development program WWE ID.
The show featured professional wrestling matches that result from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.
Jessika Carr

Jessika Heiser (born June 25, 1991) is an American professional wrestling referee and professional wrestler. She is signed to WWE, where she performs on the Raw brand as a referee under the ring name Jessika Carr as well as wrestling on the Evolve brand as Kalyx. After signing with the company in 2017, Heiser became the first female WWE referee since the 1980s. She is also known by her ring names Jessie Kaye and Kennadi Brink on the independent circuit. She regularly worked for Maryland Championship Wrestling.
As a teenager, Heiser was overweight; she credited her love of wrestling and desire to become a wrestler as "her escape" and her inspiration to change. With help from a local professional wrestler, who was signed to a developmental contract with WWE, she was able to lose over 60 lbs and become an athlete.
In July 2010, she started training regularly at Duane Gill's Academy of Professional Wrestling in Severn, Maryland. On April 28, 2012, she won the DCW Women's Champion under the ring name Jessie Kaye. On June 2, 2013, she became the inaugural VOW Vixen's Champion. On September 7, 2013, she became the inaugural ECWA Women's Champion. On the October 21, 2016 episode of Women of Honor, Heiser made her Ring of Honor debut under the ring name Kennadi Brink in a match against Rachael Ellering.
Heiser signed with WWE in 2017 as a referee under the ring name Jessika Carr. She became WWE's first female referee since Rita Chatterton in the 1980s. On October 21, 2021, Heiser refereed at Crown Jewel, becoming the first woman to referee in Saudi Arabia, as well as becoming the first female to referee a Hell in a Cell match.
Heiser credits The Rock, The Undertaker, Trish Stratus and Mickie James as her influences in professional wrestling.
Reyna Isis

Yaksiry Palacios López (born February 8, 1993), better known by her ring name Reyna Isis ("Queen Isis"), is a Mexican luchadora (or female professional wrestler) who works for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), where she is a two-time former Mexican National Women's Champion. She portrays a ruda ("bad guy") wrestling character.
She started her career as a valet for the group Los Guerreros Tuareg, but later transitioned into an in-ring worker. Aside from CMLL, she has also wrestled on the Mexican independent circuit and in Japan. Her ring gear alluded to the original Egyptian Queen Isis with her veil-like mask and she lost her mask to La Jarochita at the CMLL 89th Anniversary Show.
CMLL 90th Anniversary Show

The CMLL 90th Anniversary Show (Spanish: 90. Aniversario de CMLL) was the 90th annual (and 101st overall) CMLL Anniversary Show professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). It was held on September 16, 2023, at Arena México in Mexico City, Mexico.
On June 19, 2023, on CMLL Informa, CMLL announced that their 90th anniversary show would take place at Arena México in Mexico City, Mexico on Saturday September 16, 2023, at 5:00pm local time.
The event featured eight professional wrestling matches that involve different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed heroes (technicos), villains (rudos), or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. Storylines were produced on CMLL's weekly Friday night show Super Viernes and on other CMLL events.
성기

성기(性器)는 유성 생식을 수반할 수 있고 복합 유기체의 생식계통을 이루는, 몸의 해부학적 부위이다. 일차적인 의미로서 생식기(生殖器)라고도 한다. 이 용어는 동식물에 모두 쓰일 수 있는데, 동물에서는 생식샘과 교접기 따위를, 식물에서는 포자낭이나 배우자낭 따위를 이른다. 이를테면 꽃은 속씨식물의 생식기이며 솔방울은 구과식물의 기관이며 이끼, 양치식물, 그 밖의 비슷한 식물들은 생식기를 위한 배우자낭을 지니고 있다. 인간의 경우 수컷인 남성의 고환, 음경 등을, 암컷인 여성의 난소, 자궁, 질, 음순 따위를 이른다. 남성의 음경의 경우 길이가 길거나 굵다고 해서 좋은 것은 아니다. 오히려 남성의 음경이 큰 경우 여성들이 아픔을 느껴 바람을 더 잘필 수 있다는 미국 대학의 연구 결과가 존재한다. 남성의 음경은 근육이나 뼈가 존재하지 않으며 살 덩어리로 되어 있기 때문에 크기가 크거나 굵을수록 발기시 강도가 약해진다. 반대로 음경이 작은 경우 음경의 단단함은 더해진다. 그렇기 때문에 백인과 흑인에 비해 동양인의 음경 강도가 더 단단하다.
바깥 생식기관(external genitalia, 외부 생식기, 외생식기)과 속 생식기관(internal genitalia, 내부 생식기, 내생식기)이 있다.
외음부는 바깥 생식 기관의 동의어로, 생식 기관 가운데 몸 밖으로 드러난 부분인, 남성의 음경 및 음낭, 여성의 대음순, 소음순, 음핵, 질, 처녀막을 일컫는 말이다.
피그미

인류학에서 피그미족(pygmy peoples)이란 유독 키가 작은 민족들을 총칭해 일컫는 말이다. 명확한 정의는 없으나 흔히 성인 남성의 평균 키가 150cm에 미치지 못하는 경우를 가리킨다.
주로 아프리카 콩고 분지의 수렵채집민인 아프리카 피그미족을 가라키는 말로 쓰인다. 이외에 오세아니아와 동남아시아 지역의 네그리토 원주민 중에도 피그미로 분류되는 민족들("아시아 피그미족")이 몇 있다. 미얀마 북부 산지의 절멸위기민족으로서 두룽족의 일파로 추정되는 타론인은 동양인 중 드물게도 피그미 민족에 해당한다.
아프리카 피그미족들은 콩고 분지를 비롯한 아프리카 중부의 여러 지역에 살고 있다. 적어도 10여 개의 피그미 부족이 알려져 있는데 이들은 서로 전혀 관계가 없는 경우도 있다. 가장 잘 알려진 것은 콩고 분지 서부의 음벵가족이며 반투어군이나 우방기어군의 언어를 사용한다. 한편 콩고민주공화국 이투리주의 이투리 우림에 사는 음부티족은 반투어 또는 중앙수단어군 언어를 쓰며, 아프리카 대호수 지대에 사는 트와족은 반투어군의 루리어나 키가어를 쓴다. 대부분의 피그미족 사회는 수렵채집사회이나 모든 것을 야생 환경에서 구하는 것은 아니다. 이들은 인접한 농부 집단과 교역하여 농산품 등을 얻기도 하며, 이러한 접근이 불가능할 정도로 숲 깊숙한 지역에 사는 피그미족은 없다. 콩고 분지에는 약 25만-60만 명의 피그미족 인구가 살고 있을 것으로 추정되고 있다. 피그미족은 주로 숲속에 사는 민족으로 여겨지나 트와족은 늪지대나 사막지대에서도 산다.
중앙 아프리카로의 피그미족 확산은 아마 13만 년 전, 늦어도 6만 년 전에는 확실히 일어났을 것이다. 정설에 따르면 아프리카 피그미족은 본래 중앙 아프리카 열대우림의 후기 석기 시대 수렵채집민족의 직계 후손이었으나 나중에 이주해온 농업 민족에 부분적으로 흡수되거나 대체되면서 중앙수단어, 우방기어, 반투어 등의 언어를 사용하게 되었을 것이라고 한다. 이 견해는 고고학적 증거가 없으며 유전학과 언어학의 측면에서 모호한 근거가 있다.
반투어군 아카어(Aka) 어휘의 약 30%는 반투어 유래가 아니며 우방기어군 바카어(Baka)에서도 비슷한 비율의 어휘가 우방기어 유래가 아니다. 고유 어휘의 대부분은 식물에 관련된 것으로 꿀 채집 등 숲에 관련된 것에 특화되어 있으며 이 두 서부 피그미 언어 간에 공유된다. 이것이 과거 쓰이던 독립적인 서부 피그미어의 잔재라는 가설이 있다. 그러나 이러한 유형의 어휘는 피그미족과 이웃 민족 사이에서도 널리 차용되었으며 서부 피그미어의 재구는 15세기까지만 거슬러올라간다는 문제가 있다.
아프리카 피그미 집단은 유전적으로 다양성이 높으며 다른 모든 인류 집단과 크게 다르기 때문에 고대의 토착 혈통을 가지고 있음을 시사한다. 그들의 단일부모 표지자(uniparental marker)는 모든 인류 집단 중 코이산족에게서 발견되는 것 다음으로 오래된 분기를 나타낸다. 최근 유전학의 발전은 여러 피그미족의 기원을 밝힐 열쇠가 되고 있다. 연구자들은 "60,000년 전 초기에 피그미족 수렵채집인과 농경 인구의 조상이 갈라진 후 20,000년 전 피그미족의 조상이 서부 및 동부 피그미 집단으로 갈라졌다"는 사실을 발견했다.
새로운 증거는 동아프리카와 서아프리카 피그미 어린이들이 서로 다른 성장 패턴을 가지고 있음을 보여준다. 두 그룹의 차이는 피그미족의 작은 키가 그들의 공통 조상에서 비롯한 것이 아니라 비슷한 환경에 적응하면서 독립적으로 진화한 것일 가능성을 시사한다. 또한 키와 관련된 일부 유전자 집합들이 동부 피그미족 개체군에서는 유리하나 서부 피그미 인구에서는 그렇지 않다는 점도 뒷받침한다.
그러나 로저 블렌치(Roger Blench)는 피그미족이 토착 수렵채집인 집단의 후손이 아니라 숲에서의 생존 전략을 받아들인 더 큰 이웃 집단의 파생이라고 주장한다. 블렌치는 피그미족 문화와 인구의 고대성에 대한 명확한 언어학적, 고고학적 증거가 부족하며 유전적 증거에도 문제가 있을 수 있다고 지적한다. 그는 또한 피그미족이 이웃과 구별되는 사냥 기술을 가지고 있다는 증거가 없다고 지적하고 피그미족의 작은 키는 강력한 선택 압력으로 인해 상대적으로 빠른 시간(수천년 이내)만에 발생할 수 있다고 주장한다.
서윤복

서윤복(徐潤福, 1923년 1월 9일 - 2017년 6월 27일)은 대한민국의 마라톤 선수이다. 1947년 4월 19일 제51회 보스턴 마라톤 대회에 출전해 24세의 나이로 2시간 25분 39초의 세계 신기록을 세우며 동양인 선수로는 처음으로 우승했다. 이듬해인 1948년 런던에서 열린 1948년 하계 올림픽에 대한민국 국가대표로 참가하였고, 이듬 해에 은퇴 후 육상 지도자로 일했다.
1923년 1월 9일 고양군 평면 녹번리(현재의 서울특별시 은평구 녹번동)에서 태어났다. 1939년에 한서보통학교를 졸업했고, 1943년 경성상업실천학교(現숭문고등학교)를 거쳐 고려대학교를 졸업하였다.
고려대학교에 재학 때부터 육상선수로 활약했던 그는 1946년 5월 제1회 조선마라톤선수권대회에서 2시간 39분 30초, 같은 해 9월 제1회 전국육상선수권대회에서 2시간 43분 25초, 같은 해 10월 제27회 전국체육대회에서 2시간 39분 40초로 우승하였다. 이듬해 1947년 4월 19일 제51회 보스턴 마라톤 대회에 출전해 24세의 나이로 2시간 25분 39초의 세계 신기록을 세우며 우승했다. 1948년에는 런던올림픽에 참가하였다.
1949년 고려대학교 제일전문부를 졸업한 뒤에, 1960년까지 숭문중고등학교에서 육상감독으로 후진을 양성하였다. 1961년부터 1977년까지는 서울운동장장을 역임하였다. 이 기간 동안 그가 참여한 각종 대회는 다음과 같다.
남한산성 (영화)

"남한산성"은 2017년 10월 3일에 개봉한 대한민국의 영화이다. 황동혁 감독이 소설가 김훈의 동명 소설을 영화화한 것으로, 병자호란 당시 남한산성에 갇힌 인조가 청나라에 항복하기까지의 과정을 그린 작품이다.
1636년 병자호란 당시 남한산성에 피난하게 된 인조는 사방이 청군에 포위되어 고립무원의 처지에 놓인다. 남한산성에는 자원도 풍부하지 못해 50일가량 견딜 수 있다. 청에 저항하는 50일 남짓, 대신들의 의견도 첨예하게 갈린다. 이조판서 최명길(이병헌 분)은 치욕을 당하더라도 청에게 항복해 백성을 지켜야 한다고 주장했고, 예조판서 김상헌(김윤석 분)은 청에 끝까지 맞서 싸워야 한다고 주장한다. 그 속에서 청군의 압박은 점점 심해진다. 남한산성에 갇혀 결국 청에 항복하기까지의 47일 동안 주화파와 척화파의 대립 속에서 번민하는 임금과 저마다의 충(忠)을 따르고자 하는 신하들, 전쟁으로 고통받는 백성들 등 다양한 인간군상이 묘사된다.
2016년 11월 제작이 시작되어 2017년 4월까지 촬영되었다. 제작비는 총 150억 원 정도가 사용되었다. 황동혁 감독은 소설에 충실한 영화를 만들기 위해 액션사극이나 퓨전사극 풍을 배제하고 정통사극의 분위기로 인물과 이야기에 집중했으며, 화면 구성과 음악에서도 레버넌트: 죽음에서 돌아온 자와 같이 절제된 느낌을 내려했다고 말한다. 영화를 통해 인물들과 그들의 간절함, 민초들의 생명력과 노력을 보여주고 싶었다면서, "그래서 이 영화의 결말이 인조의 치욕스러운 모습이 아닌, 서날쇠의 힘찬 망치소리와 봄의 풍경 속으로 뛰어드는 아이 나루의 모습이었던 거죠."라고 말했다.
남한산성은 대한민국에서 2017년 10월 3일에 개봉했다. 추석 연휴 기간과 맞물려 개봉 이틀만에 역대 최단기간으로 100만 관객을 넘었으며, 개봉 후 4일만에 200만 관객을 돌파했다. 그러나 추석 연휴 이후 관객수 증가 추세가 감소하여 영화의 손익분기점인 500만 관객에도 미치지 못하면서 상업적으로는 실패했다는 평가를 받는다.
남한산성은 대체로 긍정적인 평가를 받았다. 이동진 평론가는 5점 만점에 3.5점을 주며 "태산 같은 말의 무게를 묵묵히 지고 간다."라는 평을 남겼다.
병자호란이라는 역사적 사건을 토대로 하고 있지만 소설이 원작이고 영화적 상상력이 덧붙여졌기 때문에 역사와 다르게 묘사된 부분도 있다. 가령 영화에서 김상헌은 인조가 청에 항복할 때 칼로 배를 찔러 할복 자살하는 것으로 묘사되나 실제로는 목을 매는 방식으로 자살 시도를 하다 실패하고 1652년 82세까지 산다. 영화 속 김상헌의 자결은 감독의 의도로, 황동혁 감독은 "영화적으로는 첫 장면에서 그가 사공을 베었던 칼로 자결하게 하는 게 맞겠다고 생각했다”고 말했다.
진선규

진선규(陳善圭, 1977년 9월 13일~)는 대한민국의 배우이다.
2000년 연극배우로 데뷔한 그는 2017년 영화 《범죄도시》에서 악역 연기로 2017년 청룡영화상 남우조연상을 수상하였다.
Jang Joon-hwan

Jang Joon-hwan (born January 18, 1970) is a South Korean film director.
A graduate of Sungkyunkwan University, Jang's first directing job was on the 1994 short film 2001 Imagine. His feature-length debut was the science fiction film Save the Green Planet! (2003), considered one of the most unique and original films in the history of Korean cinema. Jang won Best Director at the 4th Busan Film Critics Awards, and the Special Silver St. George for Best Director at the 25th Moscow International Film Festival.
He directed two more short films Hair (2004), and Love for Sale (2010, as part of the omnibus Camellia, about the past, present and future of the city Busan). Then, in 2013, Jang's long-awaited second feature film was released, a revenge thriller titled Hwayi: A Monster Boy.
In 2017, he directed a political thriller film titled 1987: When the Day Comes. The film was a critical and commercial success, and won Best Director and Best Film at the 9th KOFRA Film Awards, as well as Best Film at the 39th Blue Dragon Film Awards.
Jang married actress Moon So-ri on December 24, 2006.
Cobweb (2023 South Korean film)

Cobweb (Korean: 거미집; RR: Geomijip) is a 2023 South Korean period black comedy-drama film directed by Kim Jee-woon starring Song Kang-ho, Im Soo-jung, Oh Jung-se, Jeon Yeo-been, and Krystal Jung. It premiered in the non-competitive section at the 2023 Cannes Film Festival. The film was released theatrically on September 27, 2023, coinciding with Korean Chuseok holidays.
In early 1970s Seoul, a film director Kim Ki-yeol is obsessed with the fact that the ending of his already wrapped film Cobweb would be better if remade.
Two series of sequences alternate: scenes in colour depicting the events that happen while the crew is filming under constraints of time and censorship, with somehow reluctant actors, who have been asked to come back in emergency to the film studio for two days; and scenes in black-and-white, that are the results of these studio shooting scenes.
Principal photography began on March 8, 2022 and concluded on June 6, 2022.
Cobweb has been invited to the out of competition section of the 76th Cannes International Film Festival which premiered worldwide on May 25, 2023. The film was invited to the competition section of the 70th Sydney Film Festival. It will also screen in the Noves Visions section at the 56th Sitges Film Festival. The film has had a limited release in Australia on October 4 through Umbrella Entertainment and Dendy Cinemas. It was released in France on November 8, 2023.
As of October 14, 2023, the film has grossed US$2,174,044 at the local box office and accumulated 306,700 admissions from 209 screens.
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 76% of 21 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 6.9/10.
Variety called the film a "frantic, flimsy moviemaking meta-farce".
Bong Joon Ho filmography

Bong Joon Ho is a South Korean film director, producer, and screenwriter who began his career in 1994 after creating the short films White Man, Memories in My Frame, and Incoherence. In 1997, Bong wrote the feature film Motel Cactus, for which he also served as an assistant director. Two years later, he wrote Phantom: The Submarine, and later made his feature-length directorial debut with Barking Dogs Never Bite (2000). In the following years, Bong wrote and directed Memories of Murder (2003), The Host (2006), Mother (2009), and Snowpiercer (2013), films which received "universal acclaim" from critics.
After writing and producing 2014's Sea Fog, Bong co-wrote, directed, and produced the action-adventure film Okja, which earned a nomination for the Palme d'Or at the 70th Cannes Film Festival. While working on Snowpiercer, Bong was encouraged to write a play, which resulted in the creation and release of the film Parasite in 2019. The film received the Palme d'Or, acclaim from critics internationally, and numerous accolades. It also earned Bong the Academy Award for Best Director, further establishing him as a profound filmmaker around the world.
The Valley (upcoming film)

The Valley (Korean: 더 밸리) is an upcoming adult animated film written, directed, and produced by Bong Joon Ho (in his animated feature debut). The film was announced in 2018, after his completion of the critically-acclaimed film Parasite, and is said to be an animated drama film involving deep-sea creatures and humans.
Bong Joon Ho's first experience producing animation came when he made a stop-motion animated short film, Looking For Paradise, during his university days with the Yellow Door film club as explored in the documentary film Yellow Door: '90s Lo-fi Film Club. Bong, after having previously made all live-action films, had since expressed a desire to revisit animation, making this project a meaningful return to the medium.
Bong began writing the screenplay in 2018 and completed it in early 2021. Seo Woo-sik, producer of Bong's Mother and Okja, stated Bong sketched storyboards for the animation process in his hotel room. Inspired by Claire Nouvian's novel The Deep: The Extraordinary Creatures of the Abyss, Bong describes the film as exploring the connection between deep-sea creatures and humans.
It was reported that the film would receive a $52-60 million budget, making it the most expensive South Korean film to date. Werner Herzog will be part of the voice cast in the film. According to Bong, the film has entered production and is "halfway done"; he expects it to be released in 2027. On March 21, 2025, The Chosun Ilbo reported that the film's current title is The Valley and it is scheduled for a 2027 international release.
List of awards and nominations received by Bong Joon Ho

This is a following list of awards and nominations received by Bong Joon Ho.
Bong Joon Ho is a South Korean filmmaker. He has received several accolades including three Academy Awards, two BAFTA Awards and the Cannes Film Festival's Palme d'Or as well as nominations for two Golden Globe Awards.
Joon-ho won the three competitive Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay for his dark comedy satire Parasite (2019). While the film received the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film, the statue isn't awarded to a certain individual, although it is accepted by the winning film's director(s) on stage. The country as a whole is nominated and eventually wins the award.
He received the Cannes Film Festival's top prize the Palme d'Or for Parasite at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival and previously competed with his science-fiction adventure comedy Okja at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. He received two BAFTA Awards, for Best Original Screenplay and for Best Film Not in the English Language for Parasite at the 73rd British Academy Film Awards.
Korean Cultural Centre UK

The Korean Cultural Centre UK (KCCUK) is a branch of the South Korean Korean Cultural Centers that first opened on 31 January 2008 just off London's Trafalgar Square.
The KCCUK holds regular exhibitions at its centre throughout the year, as well as the annual UK-based Korean Artists Exhibition each December. In 2011, the KCCUK, in partnership with the KCCNY produced their first joint-exhibition with another Cultural Centre, named NyLon and in 2010; the KCCUK's Exhibition ‘Present from the Past’ raised over £20,000 for the British veterans of the Korean War.
The KCCUK holds events throughout the year. At the KCC there are regular concerts and K-pop Nights as well as talks, lectures, workshops and gallery tours. Offsite, the KCCUK produces the annual ‘London Korean Film Festival’ as well as frequently participating in the Mayor's Thames Festival and the Edinburgh International Festival.
The Sejong Institute at the Korean Cultural Centre UK is the Korean language course that offers a social education programme. Upon completing the course students are able to express themselves in Korean on a vast range of topics.
For larger groups, the KCCUK operates a Film Club, where 5 or more guests can watch Korean Films in the Main hall or Video Rooms.
Ben Chapman (actor)

Benjamin F. Chapman Jr. (October 29, 1928 – February 21, 2008) was an American actor best known as playing the Gill-man on land in the 1954 horror film Creature from the Black Lagoon.
Born in Oakland, California, he spent much of his childhood in Tahiti and moved to San Francisco at age 12 or 13.
A Marine Corps veteran of the Korean War he served with the 1st Marine Division. He was believed to have earned a Silver Star, a Bronze Star, and two Purple Hearts for battle injuries. However, after his death, the Marine Corps Times began an investigation of these claims based on the improbability of the claim of receiving Purple Hearts in the Chosin Reservoir campaign. Information from Marine Corps records, which were received a month after obituaries with the claims awards of valor and of serving at the Chosin Reservoir, reveal that Chapman did serve in Korea. The Marine Corps Times reports that, "according to Marine Corps officials and a copy of Chapman’s military Report of Separation," Chapman never received the Silver Star, Bronze Star or Purple Hearts.
Before he played the Creature, he worked as a real estate executive.
Chapman was selected as the Gill Man due to his large size at 6'5". His famous suit was made out of a foam-rubber body suit and a large-lipped headpiece. He cited horror film predecessors Lon Chaney Sr. in The Phantom of the Opera and The Hunchback of Notre Dame in the 1920s, Bela Lugosi in Dracula and Boris Karloff in Frankenstein and The Mummy in the 1930s, and Lon Chaney Jr. in The Wolf Man in the 1940s as inspirations to his character.
In a 1993 interview, Chapman explained that there were really two actors who played the Gill Man. He was the creature on land; Ricou Browning was the actor in water sequences. However, Chapman was the one who participated in Creature related events. Chapman further relayed that the studio did not want the public to know that the Gill Man was a man in a suit The suit, made of latex rubber, made it impossible for Chapman to sit down so during breaks from filming he would rest in a studio back lot lake to keep from overheating.
Ben Chapman died shortly after midnight on February 21, 2008, at the Tripler Army Medical Center in Honolulu, Hawaii. His son Ben Chapman III stated that he had "... heart problems [and] breathing problems." Other survivors include his wife of 25 years, self-proclaimed "Mrs Creature" Taylor Schlewitz; another son, Grant Chapman; stepdaughter Elyse Maree Raljevich; sister Moea (Harry) Baty; and "several" nieces and nephews. Chapman's ashes are to be scattered off Waikiki.
Ilene Wong, co-producer along with Wayne Maeda of the Hawai'i All-Collectors Show which Chapman attended from 1999 to 2007, said that he was
Han Joon-woo

Han Jun-woo (Korean: 한준우; born 28 March 1984) is a South Korean actor and model. He is known for his roles in dramas Be Melodramatic (2019), My Unfamiliar Family (2020), Memorials (2020) Pachinko (2022), and Agency (2023).
Han Joon-woo is a South Korean actor, he was born on 28 March in 1984. He graduated from University of Massachusetts.
He made his debut as an actor in 2010. He appeared in the films Tazza: The Hidden Card and Gangnam Blues. In 2017 he appeared in movie 1987: When the Day Comes and he also appeared in drama series Hyena, My Unfamiliar Family and Memorials.