davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Градове в България

Градовете в България към 9 януари 2023 година са 254 на брой.
В проектоизменение в Закона за устройството на територията, одобрено от Министерския съвет на 26 март 2009 г., градовете се разпределят в категории според броя на населението. Те се класифицират в следните групи:
В тази статия градовете са първоначално подредени по настоящ адрес според данни за населението от ЕСГРАОН към 15 юни 2014 г. За областните и средните градове данните са актуализирани към 15 март 2023 г. с отбелязаното понижение или повишение . Прирастът на населението е изчислен за период от 6 месеца въз основата на официалните статистически данни, публикувани от ЕСГРАОН за 15 декември 2004 и 14 юни 2005 г.
С удебелен шрифт са обозначени областните центрове, а с наклонен – градовете, които не са общински центрове.
Посочена е и годината на обявяването им за градове, като данните са взети от Националния регистър на населените места или указания източник. Там, където не е посочена година, означава, че селището е било град преди 3 март 1878 г. Такива са били 88 населени места. С наклонен шрифт е отбелязана годината на обявяване на селището за т. нар. селище от градски тип. Предполагаемите дати едно населено място да е имало статут на град са дадени в скоби.
Кил (град)

Кил (на немски: Kiel), неправилно Кийл, е пристанищен град в Германия, център на провинция Шлезвиг-Холщайн. Основна туристическа атракция на града е т. нар. Килска седмица (Kieler Woche) – ветроходна регата, провеждана традиционно в края на юни. Градът е известен със своя отбор по хандбал на клуб ТХВ Кил. Там се намира Килският университет, открит през 1665 г.
Разположен е в малък залив в югозападната част на Балтийско море. Поради разположението си градът се профилира като корабостроителен център. От морското му пристанище започва Килският канал, който има стратегическо значение за града.
Площта на Кил е 118,65 км², населението – 247 441 души към 31 декември 2016 г., а гъстотата на населението – 2019 д/км². Брутният вътрешен продукт на глава от населението в Кил е 35 618 €, което е над средното за Германия и 159 % спрямо средното за Европейския съюз.
Килският фиорд първо е бил заселен от норманите или викингите, които колонизират територията чрез внезапни нападения в течение на много години през техния престой в германските селища. Това се вижда от географията и архитектурата на фиорда.
Градът е основан от граф Адолф фон Холщайн между 1233 и 1242 г. Кил, столицата на провинция Холщайн, е член на Лигата на Ханзата от 1284 до 1518 г.
Килският университет е открит от Кристиян Алберт на 29 септември 1665 г. Множество прочути учени, сред които Теодор Момзен и Макс Планк, са учили или преподавали в него.
От 1773 до 1864 г. градът принадлежи на краля на Дания.
Побратимен град

Побратимен град е град, който е обвързан с друг град с цел да се поощрят контактите и културните връзки между двата града.
Освен термина Побратимен град, също така може да се срещнат и термините Twin towns (градове-близнаци) и sister cities (посестрими градове), които означават същото. Използват се също: Приятелски градове, Градове партньори и др., като всяко понятие е характерно за съответната държава, която го използва. Пример: в Германия говорим за Partnerstadt (Partner Town) (партньорски град), Франция – Ville Jumelée (Twinned Town), Северна и Южна Америка, Азия и Австралия използват sister cities. Независимо кой термин се използва, основното е: Насърчаване на културните и търговските връзки между два града.
Суини Тод: Бръснарят демон от Флийт Стрийт

Суини Тод: Бръснарят демон от Флийт Стрийт (на английски: Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street) е филм от 2007 г., режисиран от Тим Бъртън. Адаптация по номинирания за награда Тони музикален трилър на Стивън Зондхайм и Хю Уийлър от 1979, лентата разказва за викторианската мелодраматична история на Суини Тод, английски бръснар, който убива клиентите си с помощта на бръснач и подпомаган от съучастничката си г-жа Ловет ги превръща в месни пайове.
Причината, поради която Тод върши тези ужасни престъпления е, че преди 15 години е живял в Лондон със своята красива съпруга Луси и малката им дъщеричка Джоана, която тогава е още бебе. Истинското име на бръснаря е Бенджамин Баркър и той преди е бил щастлив със семейството си, но точно тогава са се появили проблемите. В Лондон е живял по онова време и жестокият съдия Търпин, който се влюбва в Луси Баркър и за да отстрани своята единствена пречка, той обвинява несправедливо Бенджамин и по негова заповед бръснарят е заточен надалеч от жена си и детето си за много дълго време. След 15 години Бенджамин Баркър се връща в Лондон под името Суини Тод, за да си върне семейството, но тогава намира пекарката г-жа Лъвет, която използва старото им жилище за свой дом и пекарна. Тя веднага го познава и му разказва как е постъпил съдията с жена му и колко съсипана е била тя, заради което се е самоубила, и също дъщеря му сега живее в дома на злосторника, който я е осиновил ката своя. В началото единствената цел на Тод е да си върне дъщерята и да отмъсти за смъртта на жена си, но постепенно се озлобява все повече и започва да избива всички свои клиенти, които се използват като плънка за пайове, тъй като в Лондон времената са тежки, месото е скъпо, поради което много пекарни използват мъртви котки, но според г-жа Лъвет е срамота да се хаби толкова месо, независимо че е човешко, а и това им спестява постоянното изхвърляне на трупове. Всъщност се оказва, че Луси, съпругата на бръснаря не се е самоубила, както твърди пекарката, но това става ясна накрая, когато самият Суини я убива, понеже не знае коя е. Г-жа Лъвет също умира, защото е знаела истината, но умишлено е излъгала за смъртта на Луси Бакър, заради което бръснарят я убива, щом научава. Все пак съдията също не остава ненаказан, а накрая и самият Суини Тод е убит, но във филма не става ясно какъв точно е краят на дъщеря му Джоана, която също преживява голям кошмар и все пак се освобождава от злия Търпин и намира любовта-морякът Антъни, който я спасява от съдията и възнамерява да я отведе далеч и може би това става, но в мрачния мюзикъл на Тим Бъртън тази част е пропусната.
Alyosha Monument, Plovdiv

42°08′37″N 24°44′15″E﻿ / ﻿42.143611°N 24.7375°E﻿ / 42.143611; 24.7375
Alyosha (an affectionate diminutive of Aleksey) is an 11-metre (36-foot) tall reinforced concrete statue of a Soviet soldier on Bunarjik Hill in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The statue tops a 6-metre (20-foot) pedestal lined with granite. The memorial commemorates Soviet casualties incurred during the Germany occupation of Bulgaria (which had been an Axis ally) in World War II. It was installed in 1954-57.
"Alyosha" is also the name of Konstantin Vanshenkin and Eduard Kolmanovski's song that was adopted as Plovdiv's official anthem until 1989. A well-known poem about the Plovdiv Soldier was written by Robert Rozhdestvensky.
Plovdiv authorities sought to have the statue removed on at least two occasions, in 1989 and 1996. The 1989 decision led to a preservation campaign which included a guard by the statue day and night in order to prevent it from being demolished.
Alyosha Skurlatov, a soldier of the 3rd Ukrainian Front who served as the model for this statue, died in 2013 at the age of 91.
1873

1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1873rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 873rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 73rd year of the 19th century, and the 4th year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1873, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Funeral of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco

The funeral of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, took place at the Cathedral of Our Lady Immaculate in Monaco-Ville on 15 April 2005. A heavy smoker, Rainier suffered from chest and lung infections in his final years and was hospitalized numerous times. He was placed in intensive care unit with renal and heart failure in March 2005. He died on 6 April at the age of 81. His only son, Albert, was at his bedside. He was Europe's longest-serving monarch at the time of his death.
Rainier's remains lay in state from 6 April at the Palatine Chapel at the Prince's Palace of Monaco. Members of the public were allowed to file past the coffin to pay their respects. On the day of the funeral, flags flew at half-mast. His coffin was draped in a red and white flag that featured the coat of arms of the House of Grimaldi and the moto Deo Juvante ("With God's Help"). It was borne in a procession of 170-member staff by ten pallbearers chosen from the Prince's Company of Carabineers who carried it from the palace to the cathedral on a 200-metre route. Rainier's children, some of his grandchildren, and other close relatives followed behind. His dog Odin was also included in the procession. The coffin was brought out of the palace via the Gate of Honor, which was symbolically closed afterwards. The band played Beethoven's "Funeral March" as the coffin proceeded through the city and a battery fired 36 gun salutes. The funeral march was chosen by his elder daughter.
The coffin was taken into the cathedral by six officers. Once inside the cathedral, a sword was placed on the coffin, and candles were lit by his family members. Dignitaries and representatives from sixty countries were present for the ceremony, including members of the royal families of Bahrain, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Egypt, Greece, Japan, Luxembourg, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The 90-minute service was broadcast on television. The music that accompanied the requiem mass included Samuel Barber's Adagio for Strings, which had been previously played at his wife Grace's funeral. The Archbishop of Monaco gave the eulogy, in which he described Rainier as the "builder prince". He went on to add "For all of us, the prince was, of course, the sovereign, but he was also a friend, a member of the family." He also described Rainier and his late wife Princess Grace as "an exceptional couple, united by the heart and spirit." Rainier was buried during a private service attended by close relatives in the family crypt next to his wife, who had died in 1982. Another mass held at the cathedral was attended by members of the public.
Floral tributes were left outside the cathedral by members of the public. 1,300 members of Monégasque and French police were responsible for providing security. The harbour was completely sealed off. Monte Carlo Casino and other businesses were also closed on the day of the funeral.
Aleksandr Burago

Aleksandr Petrovich Burago (Russian: Александр Петрович Бураго) was an officer of the Russian Imperial army. Serving as a captain under Joseph Vladimirovich Gourko, he commanded the force that liberated Plovdiv from the Ottoman rule on 16 January 1878. Later on Burago became a colonel. He died of tuberculosis at the age of 30, in 1883, on Madeira, and was buried in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in Saint Petersburg.
In recognition of his "excellence demonstrated in the battle ... whereupon, together with a squadron of dragoons, having crossed the Maritsa river ... entered the city, still occupied by the Turkish division ... an almost 25 times greater in numbers enemy force", Burago was awarded the Order of St. George of the 4th degree.
Citizens of Plovdiv traditionally honour captain Burago annually on January 16, the anniversary of the liberation of the city. Wreaths and floral tributes are brought to the monument to Burago in the Plovdiv City Garden. A street in Plovdiv was named after captain Burago. In November 2006, along with several other prominent personalities, Aleksandr Burago was, "for exceptional service in development of the city of Plovdiv" posthumously awarded the title of "Honorary citizen of Plovdiv", by decision of the local community council.
Turkish military memorials and cemeteries outside Turkey

Turkish military memorials and cemeteries outside Turkey are memorial burial grounds of Ottoman and Turkish military personnel, which are located in 34 countries on three continents.
According to the Turkish Ministry of National Defence, there exist military memorial cemeteries in Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Egypt, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Kosovo, Latvia, Libya, Malta, Myanmar, Northern Cyprus, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Syria, Ukraine, United Kingdom and Yemen. Azerbaijan ranks on top with a total of nine cemeteries, followed by Northern Cyprus with eight and Ukraine with seven. Within the Israel-Palestine region, there are six cemeteries. Four cemeteries are located in Greece, three in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Romania, Syria and the United Kingdom.
Military Cemeteries and Memorials Department (Turkish: Şehitlikler ve Anıtlar Şubesi) of the Turkish Ministry of Family and Social Policies is responsible for the maintenance and preservation of the memorial cemeteries. Cemeteries in countries far from Turkey, in which Turkish soldiers fell in Ottoman wars, are maintained and preserved by Turkish embassies.
The farmost located memorial cemeteries are Ertuğrul Memorial Cemetery in Japan, United Nations Memorial Cemetery in Busan, South Korea, the Thayetmyo War Cemetery and Meiktila War Cemetery in Myanmar.
260 sailors of the Ottoman frigate Ertuğrul, who died following a marine disaster, are buried in Japan. The Kushimoto Turkish Memorial and Museum commemorate the disaster. Around 1,600 soldiers, who were sent as prisoners of World War I and died of hard labor conditions, are interred in Myanmar. There is a monument erected in remembrance of tens of thousands Ottoman soldiers fell in Yemen during the revolts in the second half of the 19th century and South Arabia Campaign of World War I. The biggest of the three Turkish cemeteries in Syria is located in Qatma, which holds more than one thousand soldiers fell in the World War I. In the cemeteries in Cairo and Alexandria, Egypt, more than three thousand Turkish soldiers rest. In the six cemeteries located in Israel and Palestine, more than six thousand soldiers are buried, who fell in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I. 480 soldiers of the Ottoman troops, who fought on the Galicia front during World War I, are interred at the Budapest Turkish Memorial Cemetery in Hungary. The Baku Turkish Martyrs' Memorial in Azerbaijan is built in remembrance of 1,130 Ottoman troops killed in action against Bolshevik and Armenian forces in the Battle of Baku in 1918.
After World War II, Turkey sent the Turkish Brigade to support the United Nations Command in the Korean War. Some 462 Turkish casualties from that war are buried at the United Nations Memorial Cemetery in Busan, Republic of Korea.
Tsanko Dyustabanov

Tsanko Hristov Dyustabanov (Bulgarian: Цанко Христов Дюстабанов; (May 13, 1844 – June 15, 1876) was a Bulgarian revolutionary and participant in the April uprising of 1876.
Dyustabanov was born in Gabrovo in today's Bulgaria, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire. He attended the Gabrovo School and was fluent in French and Turkish, he later studied at Robert College in Istanbul in 1872-1873.
Though not a supporter of the revolutionary campaign in the struggle for national liberation, Dyustabanov gradually became active in the social and political life of Gabrovo. In 1875, he was elected trustee of the school and member of the District court. As such he organized a petition to the Ottoman government with demands such as the recognition of the Bulgarian language as a second official language in the empire alongside Turkish.
Dyustabanov joined the local revolutionary committee and assisted the preparation of the April Uprising of 1876. He led a cheta (detachment) when the uprising broke out and fought with Ottoman posses in the regions of Batoshevo, Kravenik and Novo Selo. He was seriously wounded and arrested. Dyustabanov was sentenced to death and hanged in Veliko Tarnovo June 15, 1876.
Holocaust memorial days

A Holocaust memorial day or Holocaust remembrance day is an annual observance to commemorate the victims of the Holocaust, the genocide of six million Jews and of millions of other Holocaust victims by Nazi Germany and its allies. Many countries, primarily in Europe, have designated national dates of commemoration. In 2005, the United Nations instituted an international observance, International Holocaust Remembrance Day.
Many observances fall on 27 January, the anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp in 1945, while other countries selected separate dates, often to mark anniversaries of national events during the Holocaust. Holocaust remembrance days often include efforts to combat hatred and antisemitism.
In February 2025, Google announced that Holocaust Remembrance Days would no longer be highlighted by default on Google Calendar, arguing that it was no longer "scalable or sustainable" to continue adding the growing number of national and international "cultural moments" manually to its calendars.
As of 2004, twelve countries observed January 27, the day of the liberation of the Auschwitz concentration camp, including Germany, Britain, Italy and Scandinavian countries. In 2003 France designated this date as the day of remembrance of genocides and prevention of crimes against humanity. In 2004 Israel designated this date as a mark of the struggle against antisemitism.
As of 2004, eleven countries in Europe had chosen dates related to local histories.
International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition

The International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition (French: Journée internationale du souvenir de la traite négrière et de son abolition) is an international day celebrated 23 August of each year, the day designated by UNESCO to memorialize the transatlantic slave trade.
That date was chosen by the adoption of resolution 29 C/40 by the Organization's General Conference at its 29th session. Circular CL/3494 of 29 July 1998, from the Director-General invited Ministers of Culture to promote the day. The date is significant because, during the night of 22 August to 23 August 1791, on the island of Saint Domingue (now known as Haiti), an uprising began which set forth events which were a major factor in the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade.
UNESCO Member States organize events every year on that date, inviting participation from young people, educators, artists and intellectuals. As part of the goals of the intercultural UNESCO project, "The Slave Route", it is an opportunity for collective recognition and focus on the "historic causes, the methods and the consequences" of slavery. Additionally, it sets the stage for analysis and dialogue of the interactions which gave rise to the transatlantic trade in human beings between Africa, Europe, the Americas and the Caribbean.
The International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition was first celebrated in a number of countries, in particular in Haiti on 23 August 1998, and Senegal on 23 August 1999. A number of cultural events and debates were organized.
In 2001 the Museum of Printed Textiles (Musée de l'impression sur étoffes) in Mulhouse, France, conducted a fabric workshop entitled "Indiennes de Traite" (a type of calico) used as currency in trade for Africans.
National Museums Liverpool and the black community in Liverpool have held events to commemorate Slavery Remembrance Day since 1999. The Liverpool Slavery Remembrance Initiative – a partnership between National Museums Liverpool, individuals from the Liverpool Black community, Liverpool City Council, Liverpool Culture Company and The Mersey Partnership – was founded in 2006 to lead on the organisation of the event. The International Slavery Museum in Liverpool opened its doors on 23 August 2007. The Walk of Remembrance through the city began in 2011, which has been led by Dr Gee Walker since 2013. The route passes the site of Old Dock where slave ships were moored and been repaired, and finishes at the Dr Martin Luther King Jr Building where it is closed by a Libation ceremony at Albert Dock.
The inaugural Slavery Remembrance National Memorial Service will be held on 21 August 2016 in Trafalgar Square. The National Maritime Museum in Greenwich hosts an annual commemoration event on 23 August which closes with a silent ceremony on the banks of the river Thames.
Other comparable international observances include:
and:
Daftar urang barambuik sirah

Daftar barikuik mamuek sajumlah tokoh tanamo nan punyo rambuk sirah. Rambuik sirah maliputi ragam corak rono dari pirang stroberi inggo pirang. Hanyo 2% populasi sajo nan punyo rambuk sirah sainggo rono sirah manjadi rono rambuik alami nan paling langka.
Gas alam caia

Gas alam caia (bahaso Inggirih: liquefied natural gas, basingkek LNG atau LN gas) adolah gas alam nan alah diproses untuak manghilangkan pangotor (impuritas) jo hidrokarbon fraksi barek dan kudian dikondensasi manjadi caiaran pado tekan atmosfer dangan mandinginkannyo sakitar -160° Celcius. Gas alam caia yang baâsa dari alam, babedo jo gas minyak caia (LPG) nan baâsa dari olahan Petroleum. Gas alam caia ditransportasi manggunoan kandaraan nan barancang khusus dan balotakan dalam tangki nan juo barancang khusus. Gas alam caia punyo isi sakitar 1/640 dari gas alam pado Suhu dan Tekanan Standar, mambueknyo labiah hemat untuak ditransportasi jarak jauah di mano jalua pipa indak ado. Katiko mamindahkan gas alam dangan jalua pipa indak mamungkinkan atau indak ekonomis, iko dapek ditransportasi dek kandaraan gas alam caia, di mano kabanyakan jinih tangki iyolah membran atau "moss".
Psikologi komunikasi

Psikologi komunikasi adolah ilmu nan mampalajari usaho untuak mamprediksi, manguraian, dan mangandalian paristiwa mental jo behaviorial dalam komunikasi. Batehan dalam komunikasi sangaik lueh, yaitu mancakup panyampaian energi, galombang suaro, tando diantaro tampek, sistem atau organisme. Dalam psikologi komunikasi, psikologi barusaho malacak alasan mangapo suatu sumber komunikasi mampu mampangaruhi urang lain jo mangapo sumber komunikasi lainnyo indak.
Aubrey Fisher manyabuikan ado ampek ciri pandakean psikologi komunikasi, yaitu :
Sacaro umum, ado babarapo tujuan dari psikologi komunikasi :
Ado babarapo manfaaik mampalajari psikologi komunikasi menuruik Stewart L. Tubbs jo Sylvia Moss :
Limau

Limau adolah namo umum untuak sadonyo tumbuahan babungo dari genus Citrus dari familia Rutaceae. Riset taakia manunjuakan baso kamungkinan asa limau dari Australia, Kaledonia Baru, dan Papua, walau banyak pulo pariset nan picayo baso asa tumbuahan ko dari sabagian wilayah Asia Tenggara nan babateh jo India Utara, Myanmar, sarato propinsi Yunnan di Cino. di mano dari wilayah iko lah babarapo spesies komersial sarupo limau manih, limau puruik, dan limau sitrun baasa. Limau alah ditanam urang di daerah nan taruih sajo batambah laweh sajak maso daulu; sadang jinih-jinih nan tanamo misanyo limau manih, limau sitrun, grapefruit (sajinih limau gadang), jo limau kapeh. Talapeh dari adonyo kasarupoan tatantu, nanas indak lah tamasuah dalam jinih limau.
Kabuik asok Asia Tenggara 2019

Kabuik asok Asia Tenggara 2019 adolah sabuah krisis polusi udaro nan tajadi di babarapo nagara di Asia Tenggara, nan maliputi Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura jo Thailand.
Kabuik asok disababkan dek pambakaran ladang Indonesia di Sumatra jo Kalimantan, sarato kabakaran utan di nagara bagian Sarawak nan talatak di Malaysia, Distrik Brunei-Muara nan talatak di Brunei, Taman Pantai Timur di Singapura, jo paladangan utan di utara Thailand sarato lahan-lahan tani di Pa Phru Kuan Kreng, Provinsi Nakhon Si Thammarat, selatan Thailand.
Di Maret, sakitar 161 hektares (400 ekars) utan di Berakas, Lambak Kanan, Rimba jo Garis Tungku di Distrik Brunei-Muara ancua dek tabaka.
Sasudah kabuik asok Asia Tenggara 2015 nan bamulo di Indonesia, utan tabaka di nagara ko muncua pulo baliak pado bulan Juli. 42,740 hektares (105,600 ekars) lahan tabaka di sapanjang nagara ko nan manyababkan polusi asok linteh bateh nan manarajang Malaysia jo Singapura.
Pado mulo Februari, utan jo lahan samak di Pahang tabaka. Pado Agustus, babarapo nagara bagian jo teritori federal Malaysia sarupo Kuala Lumpur, Nagari Sambilan, Penang, Putrajaya dan Selangor tadampak polusi asok dari Sumatra, Indonesia samantaro nagara bagian Sarawak tadampak dek kabakaran di nagara bagian tasabuik sajak Juli dan dari wilayah tatangga Kalimantan, Indonesia dari Agustus.
Pado mulo Agustus, Singapura mulai maalami kabuik asok salapek titiak-titiak angek tadeteksi di Sumatra Tangah jo Kalimantan Selatan. 555 vegetasi nan tabaka di Singapura dilaporkan juo pado paruah partamo 2019, jo ciek kasus dilaporkan di East Coast Park.
Pado mulo Maret, kawasan di utara Thailand tadampak dek kabuik asok dari utan tabaka di Chiang Mai jo Chiang Rai sarato dari pabatasan jo Myanmar. Jutaan hektar lahan utan di provinsi-provinsi Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Lamphun, Mae Hong Son, Nan, Phayao, Phrae dan Tak ancua.
Pado Juli, sekitar 2,318.88 hektares (5,730.1 ekars) utan jo lahan paladangan di Pa Phru Kuan Kreng, Provinsi Nakhon Si Thammarat jo kawasan sakitar di selatan Thailand ancua dek tabaka.
Tantaro

Tantaro atau prajurit atau serdadu adolah anggota angkatan darek, udaro, lauik sarato angkaso lua dan indak mamandang apa pun pangkat inyo. Tantaro dapek sajo iyolah surang sipil nan mangikuti wajib militer atau sukarelawan, tamtama, bintara, atau parwira.
Manuruik Pasarikatan Banso-Banso, 10–30% dari semua prajurit di seluruh dunia iyolah padusi.
Mahathir Mohamad

Tun Datuk Seri Dr. Mahathir bin Mohammad (lahia di Alor Star, Kedah, Malaysia, 10 Juli 1925; umua 99 taun) nan dijuluaki Dr. M, adolah saurang politikus Malaysia. Baliau adolah Pardana Mantari Malaysia kaampek, manjabaik sajak 16 Juli 1981 hinggo 31 Oktober 2003. Di bawah kapamimpinannyo Malaysia mangalami modernisasi nan pasek jo manikmati kamakmuran di sagalo lapisan masarakaik.
Mahathir dilahiakan di Lorong Kilang Ais, Sabarang Perak, Alor Setar, Kedah. Mahathir marupoan anak kasambilan dari pasangan Mohamed Iskandar jo Wan Tempawan Wan Hanapi.
Mahathir pansiun pado 31 Oktober 2003 dan maangkek Abdullah Ahmad Badawi sabagai Wakil Pardana Mantari manggantikannyo.
Mahathir Mohamad baranti sabagai PM Malaysia dan digantikan dek Abdullah Ahmad Badawi pado 31 Oktober 2003.
Baliau rajin mampromosikan nagaranyo sabagai nagara Islam dangan manyatokan, "UU Islam atau ukum sarak ditagakkan di Malaysia dangan mamparetongkan kaadaan nagara nan majemuk kabaragamannyo dan kaadilan nan manjadi bagian pokok dalam UU Islam." Baliau pulo marujuak Daulah Islam di Kordoba, Spanyol nan masarakaiknyo majemuk. Meski baitu kanyataannyo indak damikian. Praktik kaidupan kapitalisme-sekularisme batabaran di sinan dangan alek taun baru dangan panari bapakaian minim di klub-klub malam takana di Kuala Lumpur. Ado pulo tampek judi di Genting Highlands. Malaysia indak mawajibkan muslimahnyo mamakai jilbab. Salain tu tokoh pantiang dan panguasonyo manulak anggapan baso nagaranyo iolah nagara Islam, sarupo Tunku Abd. Rahman Putra, bapak kamardekaan Malaysia.
Baliau mangaku kacewa talah mamiliah Abdullah Ahmad Badawi sabagai pamimpin UMNO dan Pardano Mantari untuak manggantikannyo. Kritikan samakin padeh dan barujuang sulik disalasaikan. Koran The Star mangutip panyataannyo pado 27 Juli 2006 manganai karajo barunyo salain mangkaritik. Baliau mambuko toko roti banamo The Loaf di Langkawi, Malaysia. The Loaf marupoan usao patuangan jo parusaoan Japang. Baliau mamacik 51 persen saham ateh namo M&M Consolidated Resources Sdn Bhd. Toko rotinyo barancano mambuko cabang di Kuala Lumpur, Phuket, jo Singapura. Sabalun tajun ka politik, baliau alah manjalanan usao klinik kasehatan jo pompa bensin.
Baliau mangumumkan pangunduran diri dari UMNO pado 19 Mei 2008 untuak manakan Badawi supayo Badawi ikuik mundua pulo dari jabatannyo.
Canberra

Canberra adolah ibu kota nagara Australia. Didirian basamo federasi koloni Australia sabagai pusek pamarentahan nagara baru, iko adolah kota padalaman tagadang di Australia jo kota tagadang kasalapan di nagara ko sacaro kasaluruahan. Kota ko talatak di ujuang itara Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia, di ujuang utara Pagunuangan Alpen Australia, pagunuangan tatinggi di nagara tu. Pado Juni 2023, panduduaknyo dipakiroan bajumlah 466.566 jiwa.
Daerah nan dipiliah sabagai ibu kota nagara ko alah diunyi dek suku Aborigin salamo hinggo 21.000 tahun, takah urang Ngunnawal, Ngunawal, jo Ngambri. Pamukim Eropa datang pado abaik ka-19 nan dibuktian dek bangunan kayak Gareja Anglikan St John. Pado 1 Januari 1901, federasi Australia tabantuak dan padebatan untuak ibu kota nagara pun muncua, antaro Sydney atau Melbourne. Akhianyo mufakaik untuak mandirian kota baru di New South Wales nan diagiah namo Canberra pado tahun 1913.
Batu basurek Vo Canh

Batu basurek Vo Cahn adolah batu basurek dalam bahaso Sanskerta nan tatuo di Asia Tenggara, nan ditamuan pado taun 1885 di desa Vo Cahn, sakita 4 km dari kota Nha Trang, Vietnam. Batu basurek ko babantuak tugu batu satinggi 2,5 m, dima katigo sisinyo nan indak rato batulih barih-barih kalimaik isi batu basurek tu.
Pado batu basurek ko lai disabuik namo surang rajo, iyolah Rajo Sri Mara. Manuruik analisa paleografi, batu basurek ko dibuek dek panguaso katurunannyo, pado sakita abaik ka-2 atau ka-3 Masehi. Masih tadapek pabedoan pandapek apokoh batu basurek ko panginggalan kabudayaan Lin-yi, Champa, ataukah Funan. George Coedès manyabuikan kamungkinan baso Sri Mara ko samo jo Fan Shih Man (k. 230 M), nan badasa dek kronik Cino adolah salah surang panguaso Funan. Batu basurek Vo Canh ko manurik Coedès adolah bukti ateh proses Indianisasi galombang patamo di Asia Tenggara.
Saaik ko, batu basurek Vo Canh tasimpan di Museum Nasional Sejarah Vietnam di kota Hanoi, Vietnam.
Naskah babahaso Sanskerta nan tatulih pado batu basurek ko lah banyak mangalami karusakan. Dari katigo sisi tugu batu basurek ko, pado sisi patamo saindaknyo anam barih patamo alah ampia ilang samo sakali, dan baitu juo dalapan barih patamo pado sisi kaduo. Pado sisi katigo, bahkan anyo babarapo aksara sajo nan masih dapek tabaco.
Bagian-bagian naskah nan masih dapek tabaco manganduang kalimaik-kalimaik sbb.:
Panyabuikan ".. sukacita kaluargo puti dari cucu Rajo Sri Mara.." mungkin manandoan adonyo sistem matrilineal, nan mawarihkan harta kapado karabaik padusi. Kato karin dapek baarti "gadiang" atau "pajak", nan di siko mungkin sajo baarti sang rajo surang pamurah.
Panggunoan istilah dalam bahaso Sanskerta tatantu pado naskah batu basurek, manuruik Jean Filliozat, manunjuakan kamungkinan baso carito Ramayana karya Valmiki alah taseba di Samenanjung Indocino pado saaik dibueknyo batu basurek ko. Istilah kaagamoan Hindu nan digunoan pado batu basurek, dipakiroan baasa dari maso pra-purana.
Budaya populer

Budaya populer (disabuik pulo sabagai budaya pop atau kultur populer) adolah totalitas ide, perspektif, kurenah, meme, citra, jo fenomena lainnyo nan dipilih dek konsensus informal di dalam arus utamo sabuah budaya, khususnyo dek budaya Barat di awal hinggo partengahan abaik ka-20 dan arus utamo global nan muncul pado akhia abaik ka-20 jo awal abaik ka-21. Dengan pangaruah gadang dari media massa, kumpulan ide iko manembus kahidupan masyarakaik.
Budaya populer dipandang sabagai sasuatu nan sapele dalam rangka mancari panerimaan konsensual. Akibaiknyo, budaya populer muncul dari baliak kritisisme sengit dari babagai sumber nonarus utamo (khususnyo kalompok-kalompok agamo jo kalompok kontra budaya) nan manganggapnyo sabagai superfisial, konsumeris, sensasionalis, jo rusak.
Istilah "budaya populer" muncul pado abaik ka-19 atau labiah awal untuak marujuak pado pandidikan dan "culturedness" pado kelas bawah. Istilah tersebut mulai manganggap pangartian budaya kelas bawah tapisah (dan takadang batantangan jo) "pandidikan sejati" manuju akhia abik, panggunoan nan kudian manjadi mapan katiko pariode antarperang. Pangertian kini iko ateh istilah tersebut, budaya untuak konsumsi massa, khususnyo bamulo di Amerika Serikat, digunoan pado akhia Perang Dunia II. Bantuak singkeknyo "budaya pop" barawal dari tahun 1960-an.
Budaya populer awalnyo bakambang di Eropa, labiah banyak diasumsian jo budaya nan malekat jo kelas sosial bawah nan mambedoannyo jo budaya tinggi dari kelas nan elit. Budaya populer juo acok didakekan jo istilah 'mass culture' atau budaya massa, nan diproduksi sacaro masal dan dikonsumsi sacaro masal pulo. Jadi, budaya lokal adolah produk budaya nan basifat pabrikan, nan ado di ma se dan indak mamaraluan usaho untuak mangonsumsinyo.
Jambatan Lubuak Tano

Jambatan Lubuak Tano marupoan jambatan tapanjang di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Jambatan Iko adalah wisata baru di Padang Pariaman. Jambatan Lubuak Tano ko manjadi salah satu ikon destinasi wisata Padang Pariaman. Bupati Padang Pariaman H. Ali Muhkni manyatoan basonyo jambatan ko mahubuangan Kecamatan VII Koto Sungai Sariak ka Kecamatan Patamuan jo Padang Sago. Adonyo jambatan ko labiah mampamudah jalur ekonomi masyarakik satampek apo lagi untuak petani labiah mampamudah mambaok hasil panennyo. Jambatan ko dilengkapi jo sajumlah objek diantaranyo di bagian bawah jambatan ado taman nan bisa dijadian objek untuak bafoto-foto. Ado jambatan ko labiah mampamudah jarak sakitar 20 km. Dek sabalunnyo masyarakat VII Koto harus melewati Kota Pariaman kalau nio ka Padang Sago ataupun sabaliaknyo. Desain Jambatan ko dilengkapi jo lampu-lampu nan unik untuak malam hari. Jambatan ko dibangun nan panjangnyo 83 meter jo leba 8 meter.
Youp van 't Hek

Joseph Jacobus Maria "Youp" van 't Hek (born 28 February 1954) is a Dutch, author, columnist, singer-songwriter, playwright, critic and former comedian.
Van 't Hek was born and raised in the Gooi, an upper-class region to the southeast of Amsterdam. In 1973 he changed his name from Joep to Youp. He was one of the founding members of Cabaret NAR (Cabaret Jester). In the early 1980s, Cabaret NAR's success declined and Van 't Hek moved on as a solo artist. His big break came in 1983 on KRO's De alles is anders-show. His energetic performance made him a household name overnight.
In his 1989 "oudejaarsconference" (end-of-year show), he ridiculed Buckler, a low-alcohol beer brewed by Heineken. As a result sales plummeted and the brand was eventually withdrawn from the market. Van 't Hek has often cited this as the best joke in his career and has subsequently referred to it in all his retrospective shows.
In 2021, Van 't Hek announced that he would stop as a comedian in 2024, when he turned 70 and had been a comedian for 50 years. The tour of his last show started in 2021. On May 25, 2024, he gave his last performance in the Carré theater in Amsterdam. On June 1, 2024, his last show was broadcast by BNNVARA, which was watched by 2.3 million people.
Van 't Hek is the brother of field hockey international Tom van 't Hek.
Van 't Hek has worked with a changing group of musicians to supply the music to the songs in his shows. The constant factor in his musical backup during almost his entire career has been Ton Scherpenzeel (keyboardist of Kayak), who has composed almost all of his songs. In most of his shows he also worked with multi-instrumentalist Rens van der Zalm. The music to Van 't Hek's songs is mostly played on piano, accordion, violin and acoustic guitar, which reflects Van 't Hek's preference for classical music. One example of this is his rendition of the song Flappie, ostensibly about a Christmas he experienced in 1961. In 2020, the song was covered by Todd Rundgren.
Van 't Hek has written columns on sports and later on general topics for NRC Handelsblad since 1988. Several collections of these columns have been published by Thomas Rap publishing. This company was founded by a friend of Van 't Hek, and has printed the texts of Van 't Hek's shows from the very first, unsuccessful days, when publishing them seemed a waste of money. Because of this, Van 't Hek never switched publishers. A list of the titles of his books that do not contain the texts of his shows:
Sports columns:
General columns:
Other books:
Japanese holdout

Japanese holdouts (Japanese: 残留日本兵, romanized: zanryū nipponhei, lit. 'remaining Japanese soldiers') were soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) and Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the Pacific Theatre of World War II who continued fighting after the surrender of Japan at the end of the war. Japanese holdouts either doubted the veracity of the formal surrender, were not aware that the war had ended because communications had been cut off by Allied advances, feared they would be killed if they surrendered to the Allies, or felt bound by honor and loyalty to never surrender.
After Japan officially surrendered at the end of World War II, Japanese holdouts in Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands that had been part of the Japanese Empire continued to fight local police, government forces, and Allied troops stationed to assist the newly formed governments. Many holdouts were discovered in the jungles of Southeast Asia and the Pacific over the following decades, with the last verified holdout, Private Teruo Nakamura, surrendering on the island of Morotai in 1974. Newspapers throughout East Asia and the Pacific reported more holdouts and searches for them were conducted until 2005, but the evidence was too scant, and no further holdouts were confirmed.
In 1981, a Diet of Japan committee mentioned newspaper reports that holdouts were still living in the forest on Vella Lavella in the Solomon Islands. However, it is believed that these were hoaxes made up to lure Japanese tourists to the islands. Searches for holdouts were conducted by the Japanese government on many Pacific islands throughout the 1980s, but the information was too scant to take any further action, and the searches ended by 1989. In 1992, it was reported that a few holdouts still lived on the island of Kolombangara, though subsequent searches were unable to find any evidence. An investigation into similar reports of holdouts on Guadalcanal in 2001 failed to turn up evidence.
The last report taken seriously by Japanese officials took place in May 2005, when two elderly men emerged from the jungle in the Philippines claiming to be ex-soldiers. It was initially assumed that the media attention scared the two men off as they disappeared and were not heard from again. Suspicions of a hoax or a kidnapping attempt later mounted as the area where the alleged soldiers emerged from is "notorious" for ransom kidnappings and attacks by Islamist separatists. It was reported by Tokyo Shimbun on May 31, 2005 that unconfirmed information about remaining Japanese soldiers is said to be rampant in the Philippines. These reports are connected to scams tied to wealth, such as the alleged location of Yamashita's gold and M資金 [ja] (The M Fund). It is unknown how many or if any legitimate Japanese holdouts remain today, but after over three quarters of a century since the end of the war, harsh jungle terrain, and equatorial climates, it is highly unlikely that any are still alive. The National WWII Museum reported in 2022 that surviving veterans are "dying quickly", as those who served are now "in their 90s or older".
Rasimah Ismail

Rasimah Ismail (born 1911) was an Indonesian activist and women's rights advocate who fought for independence during the Indonesian National Awakening era. Hailed from Bukittinggi, Minangkabau region, she was a friend of Rasuna Said, a National Hero. Both were once members of the Union of Indonesian Muslims (PERMI), a political party advocated for Islamic-nationalism and opposed to the colonialism.
Due to her persistent resistance against the Dutch colonial government, Rasimah and Rasuna were arrested and later deported to Semarang on June 9, 1933, aboard on SS van Linskhoten from Emma Haven port (today's Teluk Bayur port) in Padang. At the time, the two were around 22 years old, and they were sent off by thousands of supporters arrived from the whole Minangkabau.
Rasimah was a sister of Abdul Gaffar Ismail, an ulama and fighter against the colonialism. She was also an aunt of Taufiq Ismail, a poet.
Mount Marapi

The Marapi (Jawi: ماراڤي), or Mount Marapi (Indonesian: Gunung Marapi, Minangkabau: Gunuang Marapi, Jawi: ڬونوواڠ ماراڤي), is a complex volcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia, and is the most active volcano in Sumatra. Like that of its quasi-homonym on Java, its name means "Mountain of Fire". Its elevation is 2,885 metres (9,465.2 ft). Several cities and towns are situated around the mountain including Bukittinggi, Padang Panjang, and Batusangkar. The volcano is also popular among hikers.
According to legend, the mountain is the site first settled by the Minangkabau people after their ship landed on the mountain when it was the size of an egg and surrounded by water. There are large numbers of upright burial stones in the region which are oriented in the direction of the mountain, indicating its cultural significance.
The volcano has a known history of eruptions. Marapi underwent a significant eruption in September 1830. In January 1975 an eruption occurred with mudflows and lahars that caused fatalities in the surrounding area. A significant eruption occurred in 1979, which killed 60 people. At least one person was killed during an eruption in 1996. In April–May 2018 ashfalls to the southeast occurred.
Since 2011, the volcano has been at the second level of a four-tier alert system set up by the Volcanological Survey of Indonesia. Predicting the volcano's behavior is described as difficult as the source of its sudden eruptions are shallow and near its peak, while its eruptions are not caused by a deep movement of magma that can be detected as volcanic earthquakes on seismic monitors. Nevertheless, there are about 1,400 people living on its slopes in the villages of Rubai and Gobah Cumantiang, about 5 to 6 kilometers from the summit.
On 3 December 2023, the volcano erupted, leaving 23 climbers dead. Three people were injured and rescued. The ash reached to a height of 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) and fell in nearby regions. A three-kilometre (1.9-mile) exclusion zone was announced.
On 22 December, the volcano erupted again, emitting volcanic ash that forced the cancellation of flights at Minangkabau International Airport.
As of January 2024, at least 113 eruptions have occurred on Marapi since its initial activity in December, with the latest eruption occurring on 23 January. Ash has risen at least 1300 meters into the air and residents within a radius of 4.5 kilometers have been urged to evacuate their homes.
At 12:13 a.m. local time on 27 March, Marapi erupted again, emitting a volcanic ash column with a height of 1.5 kilometers. Flights at Minangkabau International Airport were cancelled again due to the eruption.
At 9:43 a.m. local time on 04 January, Marapi erupted, emitting a volcanic ash column with a height of 1 kilometers.
On 11 May 2024, heavy rain triggered mudslides and lahar flows from the volcano, killing at least 67 people and leaving 20 others missing.
गुजरात

गुजरात उच्चार (सहाय्य·माहिती)(गुजराती: ગુજરાત) हे भारताच्या पश्चिम भागातील एक राज्य आहे. भारताच्या एकूण औद्योगिक उत्पन्नातील गुजरातचा वाटा १९.८% आहे.भारताच्या पश्चिम किनाऱ्याचे सर्वांत उत्तरेकडील राज्य आहे.
ऐतिहासिक दृष्ट्या गुजरात प्रांत हा सिंधु संस्कृतीतल्या अनेक केंद्रांपैकी एक महत्त्वाचा भाग ओळखला जातो. मुघलांपुर्वी राजस्थान व गुजरात मधील काही प्रांत मिळून गुर्जराष्ट्र किंवा गुर्जरभुमी म्हणुन ओलखला जात असे.त्यामध्ये प्राचीन काळी लोथल, धोलावीरा व गोलाढोरो यांसारखी महानगरे सिंधु सभ्यतेत अस्तित्वात होती.प्रचिन लोथल येथे भारताच्या पहिले बंदर उभारले गेले.
यावरील विस्तृत लेख पहा - गुजरातमधील जिल्हे.
गुजरात मधील समूहायांचे प्रमाण
सुरुवातीला येथे काँग्रेस पार्टीचे सरकार होते.परंतु १९९० च्या दशकापासून या राज्यात भारतीय जनता पार्टीचे सरकार आहे.नरेंद्र मोदी हे राज्याच्या इतिहासात सर्वाधिक काळ मुख्यमंत्री पदावर होते. २०१४ च्या सार्वत्रिक निवडणुकांत नरेंद्र मोदींमुळे हे राज्य सर्वाधिक चर्चित राज्य होते.
डिसेंबर २०१७ मध्ये झालेल्या निवडणुकीत भारतीय जनता पक्षाने सर्वाधिक जागा जिंकल्या. श्री विजय रूपांनी यांची मुख्यमंत्री म्हणून निवड झाली.
गुजरात हे देशातील एक लोकप्रिय पर्यटन स्थळ आहे आणि 2020 मध्ये 19.5 दशलक्ष देशी पर्यटक आणि 210 हजार आंतरराष्ट्रीय पर्यटकांनी भेट दिली. गुजरातमध्ये अनेक ऐतिहासिक तसेच आधुनिक पर्यटनस्थळे आहेत. अलिकडच्या वर्षांत स्टॅच्यू ऑफ युनिटी हे गुजरातचे प्रमुख पर्यटन स्थळ म्हणून उदयास आले आहे.
१) गीर अभयारण्य - आशियाई सिंहासाठी प्रसिद्ध अभयारण्य
२) गिरनार - जुनागढ जवळील दत्ता संप्रदायाचे महत्त्वाचे स्थान
३) द्वारका - श्रीकृष्णाच्या देवालासाठी प्रसिद्ध. बेट द्वारका हे जवळचे ठिकाण श्री कृष्णाची राजधानी होती असे मानले जाते.
४) मोढेराचे सूर्य मंदिर - भारताच्या अतिशय दुर्मिळ असे सूर्य मंदिर.
५) राणीनी वाव - पाटण जिल्ह्यातील पायऱ्यांची विहीर. ही युनेस्कोने जागतिक वारसा म्हणून घोषित केली आहे.
६) सोरटी सोमनाथ - येथील शिवमंदिर बारा ज्योतिर्लिंगापैकी एक मानले जाते.
गुजरात विधानसभा

गुजरात विधानसभा हे भारतातील गुजरात राज्याचे प्रांतिक विधिमंडळ आहे. सध्या भाजपचे भूपेन्द्रभाई पटेल या गुजरातचे मुख्यमंत्री आहेत
सुरुवातीला १३२ सदस्य होते. १९६२ मध्ये १५४, १९६७ला १६८ तर १९७५ पासून १८२ सदस्य नेमले जातात. यापैकी १३ सदस्य अनुसूचित जाती प्रवर्गातील, तर २६ सदस्य अनुसूचित जमाती प्रवर्गातील असतील. १९८२ पासून गुजरात विधिमंडळाचे स्थलांतर गुजरातची राजधानी गांधीनगर येथे झाले.
गुजरात विधानसभा निवडणूक, २०१७

२०१७ गुजरात विधानसभा निवडणूक ही भारताच्या गुजरात राज्यामधील विधानसभा निवडणूक होती. ह्या निवडणुकीत गुजरात विधानसभेच्या सर्व १८२ जागांसाठी नवीन आमदार निवडले गेले. गेले २२ वर्षे सत्तेवर असलेल्या भारतीय जनता पक्षाला व पंतप्रधान नरेंद्र मोदी यांच्या नेतृत्वाला काँग्रेस पक्षाने मोठे आव्हान दिले होते. पक्षाध्यक्ष राहुल गांधी तसेच पंततप्रधान मोदी ह्यांनी गुजरातमध्ये कसून प्रचार केला होता.
१८ डिसेंबर रोजी जाहीर झालेल्या निकालांत भारतीय जनता पक्षाने ९९ जागा जिंकून बहुमत मिळविले. या पक्षाच्या नेत्याला गुजरातचे राज्यपाल पुढील सरकार रचण्याचे आमंत्रण देतील.
या निवडणूकीत एकूण सुमारे २ कोटी ९० लाख मतदारांनी मतदान केले. भारतीय जनता पक्षाने १ कोटी ४७ लाख मते मिळवून ९९ जागांवर विजय मिळवला. भारतीय राष्ट्रीय काँग्रेसला १ कोटी २४ लाख मते आणि ७७ जागा मिळाल्या. पाच लाख मतदारांनी कोणालाही मत न देणे पसंत केले.
गुजरात उच्च न्यायालय

गुजरात उच्च न्यायालय भारताच्या गुजरात राज्यावर अधिक्षेत्र असलेले न्यायालय आहे. याची स्थापना १ मे १९६० रोजी अहमदाबाद येथे केली.
जस्टिस सुंदरलाल देसाई या न्यायालयाचे सर्वप्रथम न्यायाधीश होते. या न्यायालयात ४२ न्यायाधीशांची नेमणूक होते.
गुजरात विधानसभा निवडणूक, २०२२

२०२२ गुजरात विधानसभा निवडणूक ही भारताच्या गुजरात राज्यामधील विधानसभा निवडणूक असेल. या निवडणुकीत गुजरात विधानसभेच्या सर्व १८२ जागांसाठी नवीन आमदार निवडले जातील. गेले २७ वर्षे भारतीय जनता पक्ष गुजरातमध्ये सत्तेवर आहे.
List of cities in Gujarat by population

The following is a list of the largest (in area) and most populous cities in Gujarat, India as per the 2021 census. There are 31 cities in Gujarat with a population over 100,000.
This is a list of cities and towns in Gujarat, India.
Population of main cities of Gujarat 1901–2011:
The state of Gujarat is divided into four divisions namely North Gujarat, Central Gujarat, South Gujarat and Saurashtra-Kutch.In which the headquarters of North Gujarat is Patan, the headquarters of Central Gujarat is Ahmedabad, the headquarters of South Gujarat is Surat and the headquarters of Saurashtra-Kutch is Rajkot.