davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Red cabbage

The red cabbage (purple-leaved varieties of Brassica oleracea Capitata Group) is a kind of cabbage, also known as Blaukraut after preparation. Its leaves are coloured dark red/purple. However, the plant changes its colour according to the pH value of the soil due to a pigment belonging to anthocyanins.
In acidic soils, the leaves grow more reddish; in neutral soils, they will grow more purple, while an alkaline soil will produce rather greenish-yellow coloured cabbages. This explains the fact that the same plant is known by different colours in various regions. It can be found in all of Europe, throughout the Americas, in China, and especially in Africa.
The juice of red cabbage can be used as a homemade pH indicator, turning red in acid and green/yellow in basic solutions. When cooking, red cabbage will normally turn blue; adding vinegar or acidic fruit to the pot is necessary to retain the cabbage's red colour.
Red cabbage needs well-fertilized soil and sufficient humidity to grow. It is a seasonal plant that is seeded in spring and harvested in late autumn. Red cabbage is a better keeper than its "white" relatives and does not need to be converted to sauerkraut to last the winter.
Cooked red cabbage is 91% water, 7% carbohydrates, 1% protein, and contains negligible fat (table). It has a high content of vitamin C and vitamin K, containing 44% and 72%, respectively, of the Daily Value (DV) per 100-gram amount, and is a moderate source of vitamin B6 (17% DV) (table).
Red cabbage phytochemicals include sulforaphane and other glucosinolates.
Red cabbage is often used raw for salads and coleslaw. This vegetable can be eaten cooked. It is the traditional accompanying side dish paired with many German meals, notably meat dishes like Sauerbraten or Döner. At Christmas, it can be spiced, braised, and served as an accompaniment to seasonal roast goose or turkey. Apples and a little vinegar are often added to give it a sweet and sour taste.
Red cabbage contains an anthocyanin-based dye that can be used as a pH indicator. It is red, pink, or magenta in acids (pH < 7), purple in neutral solutions (pH ≈7), and ranges from blue to green to yellow in alkaline solutions (pH > 7).
It is recommended to start red cabbage seeds indoors four weeks before the last frost. Sow in containers that allow for the movement of water through the bottom of a cell. Popular seedling starting containers are peat pots, egg cartons, plug trays, or milk cartons. Once the seedlings grow to about 5 centimetres (2 inches) tall and have developed their first leaves, they can be hardened off and moved outside for transplanting.
Red cabbage prefers climates that remain moist and cool for most of its vegetative growth stage, so it can be placed in the ground shortly after the last frost while the spring is still cool. The cabbage plants can be spaced about 30–65 cm (12–26 in) from one another. They will need watering often but are otherwise low-maintenance plants.
Curtido

Curtido (Spanish pronunciation: [kuɾˈtiðo]) is a type of lightly fermented cabbage relish. It is typical in Salvadoran cuisine and that of other Central American countries, and is usually made with cabbage, onions, carrots, oregano, and sometimes lime juice; it resembles sauerkraut, kimchi, or tart coleslaw. It is commonly served alongside pupusas, the national delicacy.
Fellow Central American country Belize has a similar recipe called "curtido" by its Spanish speakers; however, it is a spicy, fermented relish made with onions, habaneros, and vinegar. It is used to top salbutes, garnaches, and other common dishes in Belizean cuisine.
Atanas Dalchev

Atanas Hristov Dalchev (also written Dalčev; Bulgarian: Атанас Далчев) (June 12, 1904 - January 17, 1978) was a Bulgarian poet, critic and translator. He was among the leading Bulgarian poets of the 1920s and 1930s. Dalchev was also a prominent translator of poetry and fiction from French, Spanish, English, German and Russian authors. He was a recipient of the Herder Prize in 1972 (for his overall literary work) and the Znak Pocheta Order (or Order of the Badge of Honor) in 1967 (for popularisation of Russian culture in Bulgaria).
Dalchev was born in Thessaloniki. His father Hristo Dalchev was a lawyer, who as an MP from the People's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section) represеnted Macedonian Bulgarians in the Ottoman parliament. The family relocated to Sofia in 1913 after the Balkan wars. In 1922 Atanas graduated from Sofia's First Men's High School.
In 1926, Dalchev published his first poetry collection called Prozorets (Window). After graduating in Pedagogics and Philosophy from Sofia University (1927), his next three collections were released in 1928, 1930 and 1943. In 1945 Dalchev was among the first writers to be attacked by the communist establishment in Bulgaria due to his allegedly bourgeois style and artistic concepts. This led to a period of poetic silence, which was broken only after 1956. In the last decades of his life Dalchev created about 25 poems. Instead of successive volumes, his poetry was published in collections where the new works complemented his four pre-war poetic books.
Having entered the Bulgarian literary scene in the 1920s as a member of the Strelets (Saggitarius) literary circle Dalchev was an advocate of commensurating national culture with the values and artistic practices of modern Europe. His poetry and critical articles established himself as a leading opponent to symbolist aesthetics. His works are characterized by a strong emphasis on sensibility and the concreteness of experiences and artistic imagery. At the same time they pose the question of the limitations of the material world, which lead to the popular qualification of Dalchev as a metaphysician in the concrete (метафизик в конкретното).
In 1967 Dalchev published a small book entitled Fragmenti (Fragments) containing aphorisms, thoughts and impressions that originally appeared in various periodicals. Fragments established the author as a prominent aphorist. Known for his nonconformism and despite his modest original production, Dalchev ranks among the greatest authorities in Bulgarian culture of the 20th century, one of the most read and most readable Bulgarian poets, as well as the leading non-institutionalized Bulgarian classic author.
He died in Sofia in 1978. In 1984 the Balgarski Pisatel publishing house released Dalchev's collected Works in Two Volumes, containing his poetry, critics, aphorisms and translations.
Poems and selected aphorisms by Atanas Dalchev have been translated into French, Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, German, Italian, French, Spanish, English, Turkish, Chinese, Japanese, Arabian, Swedish and other languages in periodicals and literary anthologies.
Jungle juice

Jungle juice is an improvised mix of liquor that is usually served for group consumption. There are countless recipes and even websites devoted solely to jungle juice. The term has also been used for similar less-than-reputable alcoholic concoctions.
"Jungle juice" as a term for bootlegged alcoholic drinks was used as early as 1909 in both the city of Fort Collins, Colorado and the town of Fort Gibson, Oklahoma. The item in the Weekly Courier in Fort Collins in February 1909 said the editor of a paper in nearby Eaton found Fort Collins "Jungle juice is too fierce for him."
The term appeared in Fort Collins newspapers several times over the next two decades. The name came from an area known as "the Jungle" on the outskirts of the dry town that was home to bootlegging and other illicit activities. A 1925 column in the Fort Collins Independent referred to "jungle juice" as the "acid that made Fort Collins famous."
Other uses of the term for bootlegged or homemade alcoholic drinks appeared in U.S. and Canadian newspapers in the 1930s and the first two years of the 1940s (before the U.S. entered World War II).
Australian newspapers used the term before the war to refer to home-brewed auto fuel additives. (Some of the Fort Collins articles also referred to their "jungle juice" being used this way.)
The term gained more widespread use during the war, first among Australian and American troops in New Guinea beginning in late 1942 and early 1943. Some newspaper articles described how it was made and what effect it had on those who drank it.
The term had also been applied to a specific treatment for war neurosis being practiced during the Second World War. Dr. William Sargant began to treat afflicted soldiers with large doses of a sedative called sodium amytal. The sedative would induce a deep sleep lasting up to three weeks. Patients would only be woken for an hour each day to be fed and to be bathed. The idea behind this sleep narcosis treatment was to break the cycle of exhaustion and anxiety caused by combat stress reaction. Additionally, insulin was given to patients to help restore lost weight due to inactivity. The insulin, however, could induce a coma by lowering the blood sugar. If the blood sugar level dropped too low, it could result in irreversible brain damage or even death. Soldiers began to refer to the sedative treatment as being given "Jungle Juice".
The term has also been used as a brand name for mosquito repellents.
Eneo bunge la Malindi

Eneo bunge la Malindi ni mojawapo ya majimbo 290 ya uchaguzi nchini Kenya. Ni moja kati ya majimbo saba katika Kaunti ya Kilifi, pwani mwa Kenya.
JImbo hili lilianzishwa wakati wa uchaguzi wa 1963, ambaop ulikuwa uchaguzi wa kwanza wa Jamhuri ya Kenya.
Fasihi ya Kiswahili

Fasihi ya Kiswahili ni fasihi ambayo huandikwa kwa lugha ya Kiswahili, hasa na watu wa Afrika Mashariki. Fasihi ya Kiswahili ni sehemu ya fasihi ya Kiafrika na fasihi ya Kibantu.
Mwandishi wa kwanza wa Kiswahili alikuwa Fumo Liyongo kutoka kisiwa cha Lamu (leo nchini Kenya) kati ya karne ya 9 na karne ya 10. Fumo Liyongo aliandika kwa Kingozi kilicho lahaja ya Kiswahili. Fumo Liyongo aliandika mashairi mengi kama "Sifa la Uta", "Utungo wa Ndoto" au "Wimbo wa Mapenzi".
Kitabu cha kwanza kilichogundulika kilikuwa Hamziya kwa mujibu wa Jan Knappert.
Fasihi ya Kiswahili inagawanyika katika sehemu nne: ushairi, hadithi, tamthilia na methali.
Wabajuni

Wabajuni ni kabila la watu wanaoishi hasa katika visiwa vya Bajuni na sehemu za pwani za jirani upande wa bara kati ya Kismayo (Somalia) na Mombasa (Kenya).
Asili yao ni mchanganyiko wa Wakhoisan na Wabantu, lakini pia Waarabu, Waajemi, Wasomali na hata Waindonesia.
Lugha yao ni Kibajuni, lahaja ya Kiswahili.
Upande wa dini ni Waislamu.
Kipini

Kipini ni kijiji cha wavuvi kwenye pwani ya Kenya katika Kaunti ya Tana River. Iko kilomita 20 kusini mwa Witu kwenye mdomo wa Mto Tana unapoishia katika Bahari Hindi.
Kipini imetambuliwa kuwa mji wa kihistoria ya Waswahili katika Kenya ya leo. Kuna mabaki ya makaburi yaliyojengwa kwa mawe ambayo yanafikiriwa kuwa na asili katika karne ya 11.
Katika karne ya 19 Kipini ilitajwa katika mkataba baina ya Ujerumani na Uingereza kama mpaka wa kaskazini wa maeneo ya Sultani wa Zanzibar yaliyotambuliwa nao, mbali na Lamu na miji kadhaa. Hivyo ilikuwa pia kwa muda mpaka wa kaskazini wa koloni la Kenya kwenye pwani.
Baadaye wakati wa ukoloni Kipini ilikuwa makao makuu ya wilaya ya Lower Tana.
Kawaka Nzige

Kawaka Nzige alizaliwa na kukulia Bagamoyo nchini Tanzania, Afrika Mashariki ni msanii ambaye yupo tayari kutumia ujuzi wake kuleta manufaa katika jamii na pia kwa sasa yupo nchini Australia kutokana na upendo na kutaka kupanua ujuzi wake juu ya sanaa.
Alianza kupiga ngoma akiwa bado mdogo katika shule ya msingi na jinsi alivyozidi kukua alifanikiwa kushiriki katika kucheza ngoma na kuimba kwa ajili ya bendi ya Kijiji alichotokea kila siku ya jumamosi usiku ambapo alikua akitumbuiza kwa ajili ya tafrija mbalimbali ndani na nje ya Kijiji alichotokea.
Mnamo mwaka 2007, Kawaka aliweza kuhamia jijini Arusha ambapo huko aliweza kujiunga katika kikundi cha Sanaa ya upigaji ngoma kilichotambulika kwa jina la Kikundi cha asili cha Kucheza ngoma Africa(Africa Traditional Dance Group)kwa Zaidi ya miaka mitano. Katika kikundi hicho Kawaka alifanikisha kuweza kupiga ngoma za asili za makabila na pia kuweza kucheza staili tofauti za ngoma kutoka kwa makabila tofauti tofauti kutoka vijiji mbalimbali Tanzania. Katika kundi hilo la Africa Dace Group, Kawaka alifanikiwa kufanya warsha wa nchi mbalimbali ikiwemo Uswizi, Uholanzi, Ujerumani na Kenya. Pia aliweza kushiriki katika warsha za kusaidia jamii katika kuleta ufahamu kuhusu UKIMWI, kusaidia watoto na pia kupinga unyanyasaji dhidi ya wanawake.
Kwa sasa Kawaka ni mpiga ngoma ambaye anahusishwa na ngoma maarufu ya jadi kutoka katika kabila la kimakonde itokayo kusini mwa Tanzania iitwayo Sindimba. Pasi na kuwa msanii wa muziki wa jadi pia Kawaka ni msanii wa muziki wa taarabu kutokea Zanzibar.
Msonge

Msonge ni aina ya nyumba ambazo zinajengwa kwa mfano wa herufi A kwa kutumia fito, matope na nyasi ngumu juu. Kibanda hicho kina majina tofauti katika lugha mbalimbali za Kiafrika. Kimejengwa kwa kawaida na msingi wa mviringo na paa lenye umbo la koni lililofunikwa kwa majani. Mara nyingi hutengenezwa kwa matope na paa lake hutengenezwa kwa nyasi na vifaa vya asili vya eneo hilo. Kimekuwa kikijengwa kwa maelfu ya miaka. Aina ya nyumba za matope zenye paa za majani na zilizopakwa plasta zilipatikana mapema Afrika Mashariki, ambapo makabila mbalimbali ya wenyeji walijenga nyumba hizi, wakizitumia kama makazi pamoja na maisha ya kilimo na ufugaji. Nyumba za matope ni za kawaida sana katika maeneo ya vijijini katika bara la Afrika. Zinaweza kuwa na maumbo na ukubwa tofauti kulingana na eneo zinapojengwa.
Wafugaji hasa hupenda kujenga aina hii ya nyumba.
Kibanda cha mviringo cha Kiafrika kinaonekana kama usanifu wa kienyeji kwani kinajengwa kwa kutumia vifaa vinavyopatikana kwa urahisi. Vibanda hivi vinaweza kujengwa kwa kutumia matope, mavi ya ng'ombe, matofali au nyasi katika baadhi ya matukio. Kibanda kipya cha matope kinaweza kudumu kwa miaka 1-2, kulingana na kiasi cha mvua na mmomonyoko wa ardhi. Vibanda hivi vilijengwa kwa namna ambayo vinaweza kuzunguka maeneo wazi kwa umbile huru, ambayo yalitoa uingizaji hewa na upepo wa kutosha, ili kutoa faraja katika maeneo ya tropiki.
Kutegemea eneo, jina la kibanda cha mviringo cha Kiafrika linaweza kutofautiana. Hapa kuna orodha ya majina ya vibanda hivi katika nchi mbalimbali za Kiafrika:
Malindi (Lushoto)

Malindi ni kata ya Wilaya ya Lushoto katika Mkoa wa Tanga, Tanzania.
Katika sensa ya mwaka 2022 wakazi walihesabiwa 18,438 . Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mwaka wa 2012, kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 17,979 waishio humo.
Malindi (Zanzibar)

Malindi ni kata ya Jiji la Zanzibar katika Mkoa wa Mjini Magharibi Unguja, Tanzania.
Katika sensa iliyofanyika mwaka 2022 wakazi walihesabika kuwa 3,055 . Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mwaka wa 2002, kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 3,499 waishio humo.
Msikiti wa Malindi ni kati ya majengo mashuhuri ya kihistoria ya jiji la Zanzibar.
Malindi Airport

Malindi Airport (IATA: MYD, ICAO: HKML) is an airport in Kenya.
It is located west of the central business district of the town of Malindi, in Kilifi County, in southeastern Kenya, at the Indian Ocean coast. This is about 132 kilometres (82 mi), by road and about 104.5 kilometres (65 mi), by air, northeast of Moi International Airport, the nearest international airport. It is approximately 485 kilometres (301 mi), by road and approximately 411 kilometres (255 mi), by air, southeast of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, the largest airport in Kenya. The coordinates of Malindi Airport are 03°12'54.0"S, 40°06'00.0"E (Latitude:-3.2150; Longitude:40.1000).
The airport is a medium-sized airport that serves the town of Malindi and is situated at an average elevation of 80 feet (24 m) above sea level. The airport has two bitumen runways: Runway 17/35 measures 4,600 feet (1,400 m) long and is 98 feet (30 m) wide, and Runway 08/26 measures 3,549 feet (1,082 m) and is 76 feet (23 m) wide. The Kenyan government funded the updating and expansion of the Malindi Airport terminal building, construction of a new control tower and rehabilitation of the runways. The upgrades were carried out by Dickways Construction between 2011 and 2012, and cost KES:200 million (approx. USD2 million).
The Kenyan government seeks to expand Malindi Airport in order to attract direct international flights. Plans are underway to extend Runway 17/35 to a length of 2,500 metres (8,202 ft). In 2016, work began to enlarge the apron to accommodate more aircraft, build a 7.5 kilometres (5 mi) perimeter fence and construct a parking facility that accommodates 500 vehicles. That phase is expected to conclude in December 2016. The work has been delayed by individuals and groups demanding compensation for land required for the expansion. In January 2018, the National Land Commission of Kenya, earmarked KSh424 million (approximately US$4.24 million) to compensate 175 landowners for 25 hectares (62 acres) of land and pave the way for airport expansion.
3°12′54″S 40°06′00″E﻿ / ﻿3.215000°S 40.100000°E﻿ / -3.215000; 40.100000
Willybard Kitogho Lagho

Willybard Kitogho Lagho, (born 23 March 1958) is a Kenyan Roman Catholic prelate who is the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Malindi, Kenya. He was appointed bishop on 28 December 2020 by Pope Francis.
He was born on 23 March 1958 in Taita-Taveta County, Diocese of Mombasa, in Kenya. He studied at St. James Primary School in Mgange Dawida Village, in Taita-Taveta, from 1965 until 1974. He attended St. Charles Lwanga Secondary School in Mombasa for his O-Level education between 1974 and 1978. He then completed his A-Level studies at Queen Apostles Minor Seminary in Nairobi, from 1978 until 1980.
From 1980 until 1982, he studied Philosophy at the Saint Augustine's Seminary at Mabanga in the Diocese of Bungoma. He then studied Theology at Saint Thomas Aquinas Seminary in the Archdiocese of Nairobi from 1982 until 1986.
He holds a Diploma in Arabic Language, from the Pontifical Institute for Arabic and Islamic Studies in Rome, Italy. The same institute also awarded him a Licentiate in Arabic and Islamic Studies. Later, he graduated with a Master's degree in Religious Studies from the Catholic University of Eastern Africa (CUEA).
He was ordained a deacon on 21 December 1985. On 25 April 1987 he was ordained a priest of the Diocese of Mombasa, Kenya. He served in that capacity until 28 December 2020.
As a priest, he served in various roles, including as:
On 28 December 2020 Pope Francis appointed him Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Malindi, to succeed Bishop Emanuel Barbara, who died in 2018. He was consecrated and installed at Malindi on 19 March 2021 by the hands of Archbishop Hubertus Matheus Maria van Megen, Titular Archbishop of Novaliciana assisted by Archbishop Martin Kivuva Musonde, Archbishop of Mombasa and Archbishop Philip Arnold Subira Anyolo, Archbishop of Kisumu.
In April 2024, the members of the Kenya Conference of Catholic Bishops (KCCB), elected Bishop Willybard Kitogho Lagho as the chairman of the conference's Commission for Interreligious Dialogue and Ecumenism (CIRDE). He is deputized by Bishop Joseph Ndembu Mbatia of Nyahururu, until the next elections in 2027. In June the same year, he was elected chairman of the Inter Religious Council of Kenya.
Malindi Museum Heritage Complex

The Malindi Museum Heritage Complex consists of a group of buildings occupied by Malindi Museum in Kenya. The main building on the site is a historic building used for public displays that focus on the cultures of the past and present people of the coastal region. The rooms on the ground floor contain exhibitions dedicated to Swahili culture, as well as underwater cultural heritage. Upstairs are exhibitions on the Mijikenda and Taita / Dawida people.
The main building in the complex was constructed in early 1890s to serve as the District Collector's Office for the Imperial British East Africa Company. Mr. James Bell-Smith, an employee of the Company, was responsible for the building work.
Under British rule, the house was also known as the Boma, or Kwa Balozi (Consul’s House). It had offices on the ground floor and living space upstairs for the District Collectors.
When Kenya became independent in 1963, the British-appointed District Officer was replaced by Sheikh Azzan Bin Rashid, who had previously served as the Liwali of the Sultan of Zanzibar. In November 1966 Malindi became a full District in its own right. The building then became the office of the Malindi District Commissioner
In 1991 the main building was gazetted as a National Monument. In July 2012 the District Commissioner moved to new offices and the building was handed over to the National Museums of Kenya. It was opened to the public as a museum on 24 December 2013.
The main building originally faced directly on the ocean, with steps leading down to the beach. Land reclamation since that time means that it is now fronted by parkland and the house is about 200 metres from the beach.
Apart from the main house, the complex includes the office of the director of the museum. The old District Officer's Cottage is currently occupied by a bar and restaurant.
During the colonial period four decorative cannons were mounted around the main house: three made from iron and one from bronze. The bronze cannon was fired to start the annual Malindi Festival. There was also a bronze bell at the entrance to the building which was rung each day to mark office hours. The bronze cannon and bell have now been removed.
In 1961 a monument dedicated to Prince Henry the Navigator was erected in the grounds, near the street entrance.
Access to the Heritage Complex museum is subject to an entry ticket. A single ticket currently covers the four sites under the control of Malindi Museum. These are: the Vasco da Gama Pillar, the Portuguese Chapel, the House of Columns and the Malindi Heritage Complex Museum.
It is possible to view the interior of the Heritage Complex museum on Google Street View.
Watamu

Watamu is a small town located approximately 105 km north of Mombasa and about 15 km south of Malindi on the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya. It lies on a small headland, between the Blue Lagoon and Watamu Bay. Its main economic activities are tourism and fishing. The town had a population of around 30,000 in 2020 and it is part of Kilifi County.
The shoreline in the area features white sand beaches and offshore coral formations arranged in different bays and beaches: Garoda Beach, Turtle Bay, Blue Lagoon Bay, Watamu Bay, Ocean Breeze, Kanani reef, and Jacaranda beach. They are protected as part of the Watamu Marine National Park. The Marine Park is considered one of the best snorkeling and diving areas on the coast of East Africa. In order to assist the managing authorities namely the Kenyan Wildlife Service, in protecting the Park, local community groups, the tourist sector and environmental groups have formed a unique organisation Watamu Marine Association. Members of this group are Turtle Bay, Hemingways, Ocean Sports, Arocha Kenya, Lonno Lodge, Mida Community Conservation group, Watamu Boat Operators, Safari Sellers and women's group. The ruins of Gedi (also known as Gede) are located near Watamu.
According to archaeological findings, Watamu has been inhabited since the 13th Century. Watamu is home to the Bajuni people; who trace their origins to intermarriage between the local Giriama People and Arab traders. As of now, various tribes from inland Kenya such as the Luo, Kisii, Kikuyu, Kamba, Kalenjin, and Luhyas have all migrated to the area to work in the hotel industry. Notable people include:
Masha Mapenzi's album which is titled Uhiko.
Part of the events in the novel “Our Wild Sex in Malindi” (by Andrei Gusev) takes place in Watamu. The novel describes a few years living in the Malindi's suburb of Russian writer Andy and his wife, Jennifer, who was born in Kenya.
A newly discovered species of the largest spitting cobra in the world (Naja ashei) was recently (2007) discovered in Watamu.
3°21′S 40°01′E﻿ / ﻿3.350°S 40.017°E﻿ / -3.350; 40.017
UN English Language Day

UN English Day is observed annually on 23 April. The event was established by UN's Department of Public Information in 2010 "to celebrate multilingualism and cultural diversity as well as to promote equal use of all six official languages throughout the Organization".
For the English Language Day, April 23 was chosen because it is the date "traditionally observed as both the birthday and date of death of William Shakespeare". Other dates were selected for the celebration of the UN's other five official languages.
Malindi Kingdom

The Malindi Kingdom was a Bantu civilization on the eastern coast of Africa, specifically the modern Kenya, from approximately the 9th through 15th centuries. History reveals their noteworthy cultural and trade crossroads between the Bantu and Arab peoples, and also trades with Ming China, India, and Portugal. Pottery products from all three regions have been found there dating to between the 13th and 15th centuries.
Traces of pottery originating from the Ming dynasty have led to speculations that the Chinese diplomat and explorer Zheng He might have visited the town in the early 15th century. A team of archaeologists financed by the Chinese government spent several years excavating a site near Mambrui without finding any conclusive evidence supporting the theory.
The Old Town Malindi may have been located somewhere north of the modern city. There is a debate about the exact location of the kingdom, if it was centered initially around Old Town Malindi, or Mambrui. The general settlement of this region seems to date back to about 850 AD. Old town Malindi seems to have been destroyed around 1000 AD, but resettlements were made by 1250.
There were also Chinese texts dated as early as the 9th century indicating names of far-western ports that seem to be phonetically similar to Malindi. But it is still uncertain if they actually refer to the African kingdom, centuries before the Zheng He voyages. Around that time, the Ajuran Empire north of Malindi appear to have been trading with China, as coins from as early as the Song dynasty have been recovered at appropriate levels in modern Somalia.
The kingdom appears to have thrived from 1250 through the appearance of Vasco de Gama in the 15th century, when colonization of the region seems to have caused a decline.
Malindi District

Malindi District was a former administrative district in the Coast Province of Kenya. Its capital was the coastal town of Malindi. When it was merged with Kilifi district to form Kilifi County in 2010, the district had a population of 544,303 [1]. Malindi Town is increasingly becoming known as Kenya’s "Little Italy". Italians own more than 2,500 properties, [2] and the number of Italian residents in Malindi town and its environs, estimated at over 3,000, is the largest European population compared to other European populations elsewhere in the country.
The Italian embassy is the only foreign mission with a resident consul in Malindi to aid its population. In the preelections held in November 2007 for the Kenyan general election, 2007 Mr. Amason Jeffah Kingi, an Advocate of the High Court, was elected as a Member of Parliament for the Magarini Parliamentary constituency and Mr. Gideon Mung'aro, the former Mayor of Malindi, was elected as a member of Parliament for the Malindi constituency. Mr. Amason Kingi was consequently appointed to the cabinet where he served as the Minister for East African Community. Tourism is a major industry while inland areas are rural.
Villages of Watamu and Gedi are part of the Malindi division.
The district had two constituencies:
3°03′00″S 39°56′00″E﻿ / ﻿3.05°S 39.9333°E﻿ / -3.05; 39.9333
شبنم ہاشمی

شبنم ہاشمی (پیدائش 1957 ) ایک ہندوستانی سماجی کارکن اور انسانی حقوق کی مہم چلانے والی ہیں۔ اس کے بھائی صفدر ہاشمی اور سہیل ہاشمی ہیں۔ صفدر ہاشمی ایک کمیونسٹ ڈراما نگار اور ہدایت کار تھے ، جو بھارت میں اسٹریٹ تھیٹر کے ساتھ اپنے کام کے لیے مشہور ہیں۔
انھوں نے اپنی سماجی سرگرمی مہم 1981 میں بالغ خواندگی کے بارے میں شروع کی تھی۔ 1989ء سے انھوں نے اپنا زیادہ تر وقت ہندوستان میں فرقہ وارانہ اور بنیاد پرست قوتوں کا مقابلہ کرنے میں صرف کیا ہے۔ 2002 کے گجرات فسادات کے بعد ، ہاشمی نے بنیادی کاموں پر اپنی توجہ مرکوز کردی اور اس نے گجرات میں کافی وقت گزارا۔ 2003ء میں وہ انہاد (ایکٹ ہم آہنگی اور جمہوریت) کے بانیوں میں شامل تھیں ، جس کا وہ انتظام کرتی ہیں۔ ان کا ایف سی آر اے لائسنس خفیہ ایجنسی کی ریپورٹ پر عوام کے مفادات کے خلاف کام کرنے کے لیے غیر ملکی فنڈز استعمال کرنے کی بنیاد پر منسوخ کر دیا گیا تھا وہ کشمیر ، بہار اور ہریانہ کے میوات میں بھی کام کرتی ہے۔
انھوں نے دہشت گردی کے خلاف جنگ کے نام پر فرقہ واریت اور انسانی حقوق کی پامالی کے خلاف مہم چلائی ہے۔ وہ ان الزامات کو بے نقاب کرنے میں شامل تھی کہ جن کا الزام ہے کہ وہ ہندوتوا قوتوں کے دہشت گردی سے متعلق رابطے ہیں لیکن باتلا گھر انکاؤنٹر مشتبہ افراد کے حقوق کے لیے بھی لڑی جو بعد میں مبینہ طور پر داعش میں شامل ہو گئے ۔
شبنم ہاشمی ہندوستان کی 91 خواتین میں شامل تھیں جو نوبل امن انعام -2005 کے لیے عالمی سطح پر نامزد ہونے والی ایک ہزار خواتین کی فہرست میں شامل ہیں۔
ہاشمی نے خواتین کی سیاسی شرکت ، اپنانے ، صنفی انصاف ، جمہوریت اور سیکولرازم کے امور پر توجہ دی ہے۔
انھیں 2005ء میں فرقہ وارانہ ہم آہنگی کے لیے ایسوسی ایشن برائے کمیونٹی ہارمونی (ACHA) اسٹار ایوارڈ ، 2005 میں امیل اسمتھی سمن اور قومی اقلیتی کمیشن نے قومی اقلیتی حقوق ایوارڈ 2008ء سے نوازا تھا۔
پانچ شہداء

پانچ شہید پانچ شیعہ فقہا تھے جنہیں حزب اختلاف نے مختلف ادوار میں شیعہ مذہب اور فقہ کے دفاع میں قتل کیا۔
عبد امینی کے مطابق شہداء الفضل کی کتاب میں ، شیخ بہائی اسکالر کو چھوڑ کر اسکالرز اور سوانح نگار شہید تیسرے نامیڈھسٹ کے طور پر ، شہید پارٹی کے 997 کے مولی عبد اللہ توستاری خراسانی جانتے ہیں اور یقینا بعد میں یہ عنوان قاضی نور اللہ شاستری کے حقوق حق اور محمد طغیٰ برغانی استعمال شدہ اجتہاد کے طریقے کے مالک ہیں۔
پہلا شہید شیخ شمس الدین محمد بن مکی ابن احمد امیلی نباتی جزینی ، جو پہلے شہید کے نام سے مشہور ہیں ، شیعہ کے عظیم فقہا میں سے ہیں۔ وہ 734 ہجری میں پیدا ہوا ، 712 شمسی سال کے برابر اور 786 ہجری میں ، 763 شمسی سال کے برابر ، اسے شیعہ مذہب اختیار کرنے پر دمشق میں قتل کر دیا گیا۔ اس نے بہت سے آقاؤں کو استعمال کیا ، جیسا کہ علامہ حالی کے بیٹے فخر المحققین اور سید ضیاء الدین عبد اللہ حالی اور سید امید الدین ابن عبد المطلب حالی۔
شہید ثانی شیخ زین الدین ابن علی ابن احمد عاملی جوبائی ، جو شہید ثانی کے نام سے مشہور ہیں ، ایک عظیم شیعہ فقہا میں سے ہیں۔ زین الدین شاہد تھانوی 13 شوال کو 911 ہجری میں پیدا ہوئے ، 27 اسفند 884 کے برابر ، گاؤں جبہ (یا جبہ) جبل امیل میں ، ایک سائنسی خاندان میں اور 966 ھ میں شہید ہوئے ، 938 شمسی کے برابر
محمد تقی برغانی ، 1263 ھ میں غالبا قزوین میں ، جہاں زیادہ تر اسے تیسرا شہید اور کچھ اسے چوتھا شہید سمجھتے ہیں۔ عام طور پر ایران میں وہ اور ہندوستان میں سید نور اللہ حسینی شوشتری دونوں کو تیسرے شہید کا لقب دیا جاتا ہے اور ایران میں محمد باقر استھابناتی اور ہندوستان میں سید محمد سبزواری دونوں کو شہید ربی کا لقب دیا جاتا ہے۔
سید نور اللہ حسینی شوشتری سال میں مارے گئے: ہندوستان میں 1019 قمری؛ وہ (زیادہ تر ہندوستانی مسلمانوں میں) تیسرے شہید کے طور پر جانا جاتا ہے۔
محمد باقر استنباتی ، 1326 ھ (1286 ھ) میں شیراز میں مارا گیا۔ وہ ایران کے شیعوں میں چوتھے شہید کے طور پر زیادہ مشہور ہیں۔ اس آئینی فلسفی کی سائنسی اور سیاسی زندگی کے بارے میں ایک کتاب شہید ربی کے نام سے لکھی گئی ہے۔ اگرچہ تاریخی طور پر ، سید نور اللہ حسینی ششتری کے بعد ، محمد طغی برگھانی کو بعض اوقات چوتھا شہید سمجھا جاتا ہے ، لیکن تیسرے شہید کے بارے میں اپنی وضاحت کے ساتھ ، وہ تیسرے شہید کے طور پر خاص طور پر ایران میں زیادہ مشہور ہیں۔
مرزا محمد کامل دہلوی ، غالبا بھارت کے شہر دہلی میں مارا گیا۔ وہ ہندوستان کے مسلمانوں میں چوتھے شہید کے طور پر مشہور ہیں۔
سید محمد مہدی خراسانی ، جو 1218 ھ میں مشہد میں مارا گیا ، چوتھے شہید کے طور پر بھی جانا جاتا ہے۔
شہید خامس محمد باقر الصدر (1353 میں 1313 میں پیدا ہوا اور 1359 میں 1400 میں فوت ہوا ) عراق میں سپریم شیعہ سیاسی کارکن تھا۔ جسے کبھی کبھی شہید خامس بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔
سفید تحریک

سفید تحریک (انگریزی: White Movement) جس کا عسکری بازو سفید فوج (انگریزی: White Army) کہلاتا تھا، سوویت اتحاد کے ابتدائی دور میں ان روسی قوتوں پر مشتمل ایک تحریک تھی جو انقلاب اکتوبر کے بعد سیاسی و عسکری محاذ پر بالشیوک دھڑوں کے خلاف ہو گئی تھی اور 1917ء سے 1923ء تک روسی خانہ جنگی (انگریزی: Russian Civil War) کے عہد میں سرخ فوج سے بر سر پیکار رہی۔
مرکزی ہم آہنگی کی کمی کے باعث سفید افواج کی حیثیت کبھی انقلاب مخالف دھڑوں کے ایک کمزور و ڈھیلے ڈھالے اتحاد سے زیادہ نہیں رہی۔ خود کو بالشیوک مخالف روسی محب وطن ظاہر کرنے والے سفید افواج کے عہدے داران تک بھی واضح نظریاتی خیالات نہیں رکھتے تھے۔ سفید افواج متحدہ کثیر القومی روس کی حامی تھیں اور قدیم روسی سلطنت کی جگہ قومی ریاستوں کی تخلیق چاہنے والے حلقوں کے خلاف تھیں۔ مغربی اتحاد، مرکزی قوتوں اور دیگر بین الاقوامی طاقتوں کی جانب سے مختلف مواقع پر سفید افواج کے دستوں کو مدد فراہم کی جاتی رہی۔ اس لیے اشتراکیوں نے سفید افواج کو بیرونی قوتوں کے مفاد کا نمائندہ قرار دیا۔
سفید خونی خلیہ

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سفید خونی خلیات (white blood cells) اصل میں خون میں پائے جانے والے ایسے خلیات ہوتے ہیں کہ جن میں hemoglobin نہیں پایا جاتا اور اسی وجہ سے انکا رنگ خون کے سرخ خونی خلیات کے برعکس خرد بینی معائنے پر سفید سا نظر آتا ہے، جبکہ فی الحقیقت انکا کوئی رنگ نہیں ہوتا اور اسی وجہ سے ان کو سفید خلیات کہا جاتا ہے۔ سفید حونی خلیات کو طب و حکمت میں ابیضیہ (leukocyte) بھی کہا جاتا ہے اور اس کی جمع ابیضیات (leukocytes) کی جاتی ہے۔
Ealaín na nOileán

Rinneadh Ealaín na nOileán sa Bhreatain agus i nÉirinn le linn na ré iarRómhánaí. Dar le staraithe ealaíne, is cuid í d'ealaín Imirce na dTreabh chomh maith le healaín luath-mheánaoiseach iartharach. Is é an meascán den dá níos seo a thugann don ealaín a saintréith speisialta.
Is de thoradh an ghluaiseacht mainistreach Éireannach den Chríostaíocht Cheilteach í ealaín na nOileán, é sin nó miotalóireacht don scothaicme saolta. Tosaíonn an ré timpeall na bliana 600 le meascán Ceilteacha agus Angla-Shacsanacha. Feictear roinnt seodra, go formhór Éireannach, a théann siar go dtí na 500í. The earliest Pictish stones may date from the fifth century however.
Tháinig buaicphointe na stíle, ó thaobh maisithe de, chun críche le teacht na Lochlannach san 8ú haois. Glactar gur chuir na ruathair isteach ar Leabhar Cheanannais. I Sasana, chumaisc an stíl le healaín Angla-Sacsanach timpeall na bliana 900, agus i nÉirinn le healaín Rómhánúil sa 12ú haois.
Add na samplaí den ealaín atá fós ar marthain, tá ann go formhór lámhscríbhinní dathmhaisithe, obair mhiotail agus snoiteán cloiche, go háirithe Ardchrosa. Feictear are patrúin mjionsaothraithe ach gan aon léaráid doimhneachta nó toirte. Is saintréith é crosfhí, rud a fheictear ach go háirithe ag Sutton Hoo in East Anglia. Is é saintréith eile ná leathanaigh cairpéid, cé gur coiteann iad fosta turasóireachta (aireagán na nOileán), táblaí canóna agus mionfhíoracha, go háirithe portráidí na Soiscéalaithe.
Is iad Éire, an Alba agus ríocht Northumbria más hionadaí is tábhachtaí, ach feictear samplaí gcósta i ndeisceart Shasana, sa Bhreatain Bheag agus ar an mór-roinn, go háirithe sa Ghall. I measc na samplaí is fearr, tá Leabhar Dharú, Leabhar Cheanannais, Soiscéil Lindisfarne, dealga amhail is Dealg na Teamhrach, agus an Ruthwell Cross.
Tá tionchar Ealaín na nOileán le feiceáil i ngach stíl ealaín eile na hEorpach a tháinig ina diaidh, go háirithe na gnéithe maisitheacha i lámhscríbhinní Rómhánúla agus Gotacha.
Soiscéalta Mhic Thornáin

Lámhscríbhinn dhathmhaisithe agus leabhar Soiscéalach is ea Soiscéil Mhic Thornáin (Béarla Mac Durnan Gospels) (Londain, Lambeth Palace MS 1370). Scríobhadh é i nÉirinn sa 9ú nó 10ú haois, sampla sách déanach d'Ealaín na nOileán. Tháinig an saothar go Sasana go gairid i ndiaidh a scríofa. Caomhnaítear anois éi mbailiúchán Leabharlann Pálás Lambeth Library i Londain.
Faightear ann ná ceithre Soiscéalta le Matha, Marcas, Lúcás agus Eoin gan an réamhábhar ba ghnách. Tá ann portráidí lánleathanaigh de gach Soiscéalaí. Tá ann ag tús an leabhair gar-leathanach cairpéid le siombailí na gceithre soiscéalaí thart timpeall croise, agus roinnt leathnaigh incipit maisithe go mion.
Cloigtheach Chluain Dolcáin

Is cloigtheach é Cloigtheach Chluain Dolcáin a bhunaigh Naomh Mochua, agus atá suite i gCluain Dolcáin, Baile Átha Cliath Theas, Éire. Is Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta é. Is iarsmalann é freisin ina bhfuil caifé.
Tá Cloigtheach Chluain Dolcáin suite i lár Chluain Dolcáin, Baile Átha Cliath Theas, ó dheas d'Abhainn na Camóige.
Tá Cloigtheach Chluain Dolcáin tógtha ar shuíomh mainistreach a bhunaigh Naomh Mochua sa 7ú haois. Tá sé ar cheann de cheithre cinn atá fágtha i gContae Bhaile Átha Cliath, na cinn eile lonnaithe i Sord, i Lusca agus i Ráth Michíl. Seasann sé os cionn 25.6m (84tr) ar airde agus ceaptar gur sampla luath é mar go bhfuil an t-eibhear ar na fardorais cothrom.
Thóg an Rí Lochlannach Olaf Bán dún anseo in AD 852. Creachadh an mhainistir i 832 agus 866.
Thóg Amlaíb Conung (b. 874) dún ar an suíomh i lár an 9ú haois. Sa bhliain 867, dhóigh fórsa faoi cheannas Cennétig mac Gaíthéne, rí Loígis, an dún agus maraíodh 100 de lucht leanúna Amlaíb. D’fhan an ceantar faoi smacht na Lochlannaigh go dtí go bhfuair Brian Bórú bua ar na Lochlannaigh ag Cath Chluain Tarbh sa bhliain 1014. Bhí imeacht stairiúil eile i gCluain Dolcáin le linn Ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn nuair a bhí cath ann idir Risteard de Clare (Strongbow) agus Ardrí na hÉireann Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair. Rinneadh músaem agus "bialann" darb ainm East Village Cafe sa túr le déanaí.
Bréifne Thoir

Ríocht stairiúil in Éirinn, suite go garbh i gContae an Chabháin an lae inniu, ba ea Bréifne Thoir, nó Bréifne Uí Raghallaigh, níos luaite Muinter Máelmorda, a bhí ann ón mbliain 1256 go dtí 1607. Cuid de Bhréifne, bunaíodh Bréifne Thoir sa bhliain 1256 tar éis chatha ar feadh i bhfad idir rítheaghlach Uí Ruairc agus clann Uí Raghallaigh a bhí ag teacht chun cinn. Cruthaíodh a theorainneacha reatha sa bhliain 1579 nuair a tugadh ainm nua don cheantar, as baile an Chabháin, agus tógtha i gcúige Uladh isteach.
Tá oirthear an Chabháin lonnaithe le 5,000 bliain anuas. Fine Uí Bhriúin, lonnaithe sa cheantar san 8ú haois AD, is ea an dream a bhfuil clann Uí Raghallaigh síolraithe uathu. Tugadh am éigin an t-ainm Muintir Mhaolmhórdha (Meán-Ghaeilge Muintir Maelmordha) orthu, ainmnithe as taoiseach acu a mhair sa 9ú haois. Níor tugadh an sloinne Ó Raghallaigh orthu go dtí go luath san 11ú haois.
Creidtear gur tháinig Muintir Maolmhórdha sa cheantar sa 10ú haois. Feictear iad sna hannála Éireann don chéad uair sa bhliain 1126, lonnaithe i gcríocha beaga thart timpeall Loch Ramhar darbh ainm Machaire Gaileanga, faoi choimirce Uí Ruairc.
Teimpléad:Connachta
Muintir Eolais

Rítheaghlach Chonmhaicne Réin in Éirinn na meánaoise ba ea Muintir Eolais. Le seacht gcéad bliain anuas ón 8ú haois, bhí cónaí orthu agus bhí siad i gceannas ar ceantar i ndeisceart Chontae Liatroma, mar a bhí Maigh Nissi agus Maigh Réin, inniu faoi seach na barúntachtaí Liatroma agus Mhaothla.
D'éirigh tionchar Mhuintir Eolais (Mhic Raghnaill, Uí Mhaoilmhiaigh agus Mhic Sheanlaoich) níos laige agus scoilte de réir a chéile le linn na 16ú haoise. Theip an tuath le cliseadh na nGael i gCogadh na Naoi mBliana, agus chuaigh sí as cuimhne le forghabháil na hÉireann ag na Sasanaigh.
Eolas mac Biobhsaigh, chieftain of the Conmaicne circa AD 900, ba ea sinsear eapainmneach na muintire. Tá beag eolais againn faoi Eolas.
Seo as leanas príomhchlanna Mhuintir Eolais:
Deir O'Hart go raibh triúr mac ag Eolas ar a laghad:
Cenél

Is rannán de theaghlach é cenél (Nua-Ghaeilge: cineál), go háirithe de theaghlach Gaelach. Úsáidtear an téarma seo in Albain agus in Éirinn, ina bhféadfaí é a aistriú mar “sliocht” nó “síol”, srl. (mar shampla, “sliocht Néill Naoighiallaigh”).
San fhoclóir sanasaíoch 'An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language', tugann Alasdair MacGilleBhàin an méid seo a leanas le fios faoin fhocal cineal; "offspring, clan, Irish cineul, Old Irish cenél, Welsh cenedl, Old Welsh cenetl, Corl kinethel, *kenetlo-n: Indo-European qen, begin; Greek kainós, new ( @Gkanjós); Latin re-cens, English recent; Church Slavonic koni", beginning; Sanskrit kaná, young".
Cornificia

File agus cumadóir eipeagram de chuid na Róimhe sa chéad aois RCh ba ea Cornificia (c. 85 RCh - c. 40 RCh).
Ba í Cornificia iníon Quintus Cornificius agus deirfiúr (Quintus) Cornificius, file, praetóir agus águr (fáistineach), agus phós sí fear darbh ainm Camerius. B'fhéidir gurb é seo an fear céanna a luann Catullus file i ndán dá chuid (uimhir 55).
Na poist a bhí ag Cornificius cuireann siad in iúl gur muintir chéimiúil atá i gceist. Giúistís nó ceannasaí míleata a bhí i bpraetóir, agus dhéanfadh an t-ágar dul amach ar thoil na ndéithe trí iompar na n-éan a scrúdú.
Níl aon chuid de shaothar Cornificia le fáil anois. Mar sin féin, bhí fáil ar a saothar ar feadh i bhfad. Déanann Naomh Iaróm (347-420) trácht uirthi ina Chroinic agus é ag cur síos ar a deartháir: "Huius soror Cornificia, cuius insignia extant epigrammata" (Ba í Cornificia a dheirfiúr, a bhfuil a cuid eipeagram dearscnaitheacha fós ann.
Fiú nuair a cailleadh a saothar bhí iomrá éigin uirthi. Cuireann Giovanni Boccaccio síos uirthi in De mulieribus claris (Cuntas ar mhná cáiliúla) (1362), á rá gur éirigh léi clú buan a bhaint amach Déanann Laura Cereta, daonnachaí nótálta de chuid na hAthbheochana agus crann seasta na mban, tagairt di i gceann dá gcuid litreacha.
Tá leacht le fáil fós sa Róimh agus inscríbhinn air a deir: CORNIFICIA Q. F. CAMERI Q. CORNIFICIUS Q. F. FRATER PR. AUGUR (Cornificia, iníon Quintus, bean chéile Camerius, agus Quintus Cornificius a deartháir, Praetóir agus Ágar).
Nana Mouskouri

Is ceoltóir í Nana Mouskouri (Gréigis: Nάνα Μούσχουρη), rugadh Ioanna Mouskouri (Gréigis: Ιωάννα Μούσχουρη) ar 13 Deireadh Fómhair 1934, in Chania, Crete, An Ghréig, a tá breis is 300 milliún ceirnín díolta aici. Is duine de na ceoltóirí is rathúla ar domhain í. Tugadh Nana uirthi i dteannta a cairde agus a clann ó bhí sí óg. Tá amhráin taifeadta i dteangacha éagsúla; an Ghréigis, Fraincis, Béarla, Gearmáinis, Ollainnis, Iodáilis, Spáinnis agus Breatnais ina measc.
Bhí cónaí ar theaghlach Mouskouri in Chania, Crete, ina raibh a hathair, Constantine, ina samhailfhadaitheoir scannáin. Bhí a máthair, Alice ina ban-uiséir sa phictiúrlann céanna. Nuair a bhí Nana trí bliana d'aois, bhog a hathair an teaghlach go dtí an Aithin. D'oibrigh teaghlach Mouskouri go hiontach crua le Nana agus a dheirfiúr is sine, Jenny, a chuir chuig Athens Conservatoire. Thaispeáin Mouskouri bua mór ceoil agus í sé bliana d'aois. Áfach, bhí cuma níos fearr ar an scéal ag Jenny ag an am.
Agus í dhá bhliain déag d'aois, thosaigh Nana ag éisteacht go minic le Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday, agus Édith Piaf ar an raidió.
Thosaigh Nana ag ceol i gclubanna oíche á baint úsáid mhór as ceol Ella Fitzgerald. I 1957, thaifead sí a céad amhrán, Fascination, i nGréigis agus i mBéarla. I 1958 bhuail Nana le Manos Hadjidakis. Bhí suim mhór ag Hadjidakis i nguth aitheanta Nana, agus shocair sé amhráin a scríobh di. I 1959 rinne Mouskouri Kapou Iparchi I Agapi Mou, amhrán de chuid Hadjidakis a thaifeadadh (comh-scríofa ag ab bhfile Nikos Gatsos) ag oirniú Fhéile Cheoil na Gréige. Bhí an bua ag an amhrán sa chomórtas agus cuireadh tús le rath agus aitheantas Mouskouri.
Ag Féile Cheoil na Gréige i 1960, cheol Nana dhá amhrán eile de chuid Hadjidakis; Timoria agus Kiparissaki. Tugadh an chéad duais don dá amhrán. Cheol Mouskouri amhrán Kostas Yannidis, Xypna Agapi Mou, ag Féile Amhránaíochta na Meánmhuirí a bhí ar siúl don bhliain sin i mBarcelona. Bronnadh an chéad duais ar an amhrán agus shínigh sí conradh le Philips-Fontana, suite i bPáras.
I 1961, rinne Mouskouri fuaimrian a taifeadadh do scannán Gearmánach faoin Ghréig. De thairbhe, rinneadh singil Gearmáinis lainseáil, Weiße Rosen aus Athen ("White Roses from Athens"). Rinneadh na focail a chur le fonn de chuid Hadjidakis. Bhí an singil an-rathúil, agus dhíol sé breis is milliún cóip sa Ghearmáin. Aistríodh na hamhráin go teangacha eile. Is ceann de príomh-amhráin Mouskouri é, fiú sa lá atá inniu ann.
Phós Mouskouri Yorgos Petsilas in 1961. Tá dhá pháiste acu, mac, Nicolas a rugadh ar 13 Feabhra 1968 agus iníon, Hélène, leasainmnithe Lenou, a rugadh ar 6 Iúil 1970. I 1974, scar Mouskouri agus Petsilas. I 1975, colscaraíodh iad go hoifigiúil.
Tá cónaí ar Mouskouri san Eilvéis lena dara fear céile, André Chapelle, a phós sí ar 13 Eanáir 2003.
Auraicept na n-Éces

Leabhar gramadaí na Sean-Ghaeilge ab ea Aiceacht na nÉigeas (Sean-Ghaeilge Auraicept na n-Éces), nó Bunleabhar na nEagnaí/Saoithe, a mheastar go stairiúil gur scríobh scoláire darbh ainm Longarad sa 7ú haois. B'fhéidir gur fíor é go dtéann croí an téacs chomh fada siar sin, ach cuireadh a lán ábhar leis ó shin go dtí gur foilsíodh an cóip is luaithe atá ar marthain sa 12ú haois.
Más fíor gur den 7ú haois é, is é an téacs an chéad chás de a chosaint chanúintí, ag cur na Gaeilge labhartha thar Laidin, agus ag teacht roimh De vulgari eloquentia le Dante ar 600 bliain agus O pismeneh le Chernorizets Hrabar ar 200 bliain.
Caomhnaítear an saothar sna lámhscríbhinní a leanas:
Tá san Auraicept ceithre leabhar:
Molann an t-údar an teanga Gaeilge, á cur i gcomórtas leis na hábhair a úsáideadh chun an Túr Bháibil a thógáil:
Tug faoi ndeara an neamhréir de naoi n-ábhar ach ocht roinn chainte.
Mar a chuir Eco (1993) in iúl, maíodh gurbh í an Ghaeilge an t-aon teanga amháin a tháinig slán as mearbhall na dteangacha, de bhrí gurbh í an chéad teanga a cumadh tar éis titim an túir. Chum an bheirt saoithe is seachtó de scoil Fenius an teanga úd, ag tógáil gach is fearr as gach teanga chun Gaeilge a chruthú. Tugann Calder faoi ndeara (lch. xxxii) gur tugadh an tsraith fhileata den 72 cine ó dhán le Luccreth moccu Chiara.
Ar cheann desna trí príomhfhoinsí is tábhachtaí an Oghaim is ea Auraicept na n-Éces, iad eile ná An Leabhar Oghaim agus De Dúilib Feda na Forfid. I Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta, faightear cóip den Leabhar Oghaim díreach roimh an Auraincept, ach in ionad Bríatharogam Con Culainn le fáil i leaganacha eile, tá ann oghaim éagsúla rúnda. Tá an Younger Futhark le fáil ann freisin, fán ainm Ogham Lochlannach.
Maraon le cás tús áite na dteangacha Gaelacha, maíonn an tAuraicept gur chum Fenius Farsaid ceithre aibítir: Eabhrais, Ghréigis and Laidin; agus sa deireadh Ogham. Maítear fosta gurb an aibítir is críochnúla é an Ogham póite gur cumadh é ar deireadh. Is é an téacs an fhoinse gurbh as crainn a ainmníodh na litreacha, ach moltar i dteannta sin gurbh fhéidir gur ainmníodh iad as na cúig baill is fiche de scoil Fenius.
Máire na hÉigipte

Mhair Máire na hÉigipte, naomh Críostaí, sa cheathrú / cúigiú haois AD (timpeall 344 - 421 AD). Bhí an-chlú uirthi san Iarthar sa Mheánaois agus tá adhradh fós uirthi san Eaglais Cheartchreidmheach. Tá scéal a bheatha beag beann ar an stairiúlacht a bhain léi, má bhí a leithéid riamh ann. Striapach, tháinig aiféala agus aithrí uirthi agus chaith sí an chuid eile dá saol mar dhíthreabhach. B'eiseamláir de naofacht na mban í, chun múineadh a chur ar an mbantracht, is féidir a áitiú..
Rugadh Máire san Éigipt tuaraim is 344. D'éalaigh sí óna baile féin agus dá bhliain déag aici agus chuaigh sí leis an striapachas. Bean ainrianta agus dhrúisiúil, fágadh ina bean déirce í i gCathair Alastair Mhóir.
De réir an Vita (beatha) a scríobh Soifriónias, tar éis seacht mbliana déag mar seo, chuaigh Máire ar oilithreacht go Iarúsailéim, agus í ag iarraidh gníomh mór aithreachais a dhéanamh. Nuair a shroich sí Iarúsailéim, níor éirigh léi dul isteach i dTeampall an Tuama Naofa go dtí gur ghuigh sí do Muire Máthair Dé ag iarraidh maithiúnas.
Chuala Máire guth a insint di dul don taobh eile den Iordáin chun síochána a fháil. Rinne sí amhlaidh agus chuaigh sí chuig faoistin i mainistir Eoin Baiste. Thrasnaigh sí an Iordáin athuair agus chaith sí a saol mar dhíthreabhach sa ghaineamhlach.
Tuairim is bhliain sula a d'éag sí, chas Sosimus Naofa uirthi agus d'inis sí scéal a bheatha dó. Bí sí lomnocht ag an am agus ní raibh sé soiléir do Sosimus ar dtús an duine a bhí inti. D'iarr sí ar an bhfear naofa a bhrat a thabhairt di.
Tar éis di a scéal a insint, d'iarr sí air teacht ar ais ar an Déardaoin Mandála dár gcionn. Rinne sé dá réir agus tháinig Máire chuige ag siúl ar uisce na hIordáine.
D'imigh Sosimus ar ais don áit bliain ina dhiaidh sin agus tháinig sé ar a corp. Bhí teachtaireacht scríofa sa ghaineamh go bhfuair Máire bás an oíche a ghlac sí comaoineach uaidh. Mar sin féin, ní raibh a corp loite. Chuir Sosimus corp Mháire le cabhair ó leon a tháinig air ag an bpointe sin. De réir an traidisiún Caitliceach, tharla sé sin sa bhliain 421.
Ceiliúrtar féile Máire na hÉigipte ar an 1 nó 3 Aibreán san Eaglais Chaitliceach agus ar 1 Aibreán agus ar an gcúigiú Domhnach sa Charghais Mór san Eaglais Ceartchreidmheach.
In ealaíon, taispeántar Máire go minic mar sheanbhean nocht le gruaig sár-fhada.