davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
패럴림픽 경기 종목

패럴림픽 경기 종목(영어: Paralympic sports, 프랑스어: Disciplines paralympiques)은 2016년을 기준으로 하계 패럴림픽에는 총 22개의 종목과 526개의 메달이 걸려 있으며, 동계 패럴림픽에는 5개의 종목과 72개의 메달이 걸려 있다. 각 대회별 경기 종목 및 규모는 매 패럴림픽 대회마다 달라진다.
패럴림픽 혹은 장애인 올림픽은 신체·감각 장애가 있는 운동 선수가 참여하는 국제 스포츠 대회이다. 신체 조직 일부가 결여되어 있거나, 시각 장애 그리고 뇌성마비의 선수들도 선수의 범주에 포함된다. 패럴림픽은 장애인올림픽 운동의 일환으로써, 스포츠를 통한 경쟁을 도모한다. 대회의 경기는 국제패럴림픽위원회 및 다른 국제 스포츠 연합의 감독 하에 조직 및 운영된다.
신체적 장애를 가진 선수를 위한 조직적인 운동 대회는 재활 프로그램에서 그 발달이 시작되었다. 제2차 세계 대전 중에 생겨난 수많은 부상 퇴역 군인과 시민들을 위해, 스포츠가 재활 프로그램의 중요한 부분으로 등장했다. 재활 목적에서 여가의 목적으로 발달하였으며, 이후 경쟁적인 요소가 도입되었다. 영국 스토크맨더빌(Stoke Mandeville) 병원의 루드비그 구트만(Ludwig Guttmann)이 이러한 시도의 선구자 역할을 했다. 그는 1948년 런던에서 하계 올림픽이 열리는 동안 스토크맨더빌(Stoke Mandeville) 병원에서 휠체어를 탄 선수들을 위한 경기를 조직했다. 이것이 나중 근대적인 패럴림픽의 시초가 된 스토크맨더빌 게임의 출발이었다.
전세계적으로 국제 패럴림픽 위원회는 패럴림픽 대회 및 대회 내의 세부 9개 경기 종목에 대한 운영 권한, 그리고 기타 다른 국제경기에 대한 권한을 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 국제휠체어/절단장애인경기연맹 (IWAS), 국제시각장애인경기연맹 (IBSA), 국제지적장애인경기연맹 (INAS), 국제뇌성마비인경기연맹 (CP-ISRA)은 각각의 해당하는 선수 그룹을 위한 경기를 운영한다. 일부 개별 종목에서는 국제 연맹이 본래의 비장애인 대회와 함께 장애가 있는 선수를 위한 대회를 함께 관장하는 경우도 있으며 장애인 부문을 위한 별도의 조직이 존재하는 경우도 있다. 전자의 경우 국제승마연맹 (FEI)이 존재하며, 후자의 경우는 국제휠체어농구연맹과 같은 조직이 있다.
대한민국에서는 대한장애인체육회가 국제패럴림픽위원회의 회원으로써 패럴림픽 뿐 아니라 다양한 장애인 경기에 대한 운영과 감독을 하고 있다.
패럴림픽에 출전하는 운동 선수는 해당 장애의 유형에 따라 아래의 10가지 그룹으로 분류된다.
신체 결손 - 신체 결손 분류에는 8가지 유형이 있다.:
시각장애 - 이 범주의 선수들은 부분적인 시력의 손상부터 법적인 시각장애와 완전한 시각장애를 포함한다. 시각계통(안구구조, 수용체, 시신경, 대뇌피질)의 요소중 하나 이상 결손시 이 범주에 포함된다. 시각장애선수를 위한 시각보조장치는 경기에 있어 필수적인 요소이며 선수와 장치는 하나의 팀으로 간주한다. 2012년부터 이러한 보조장치들도 메달 수여의 대상이 되고 있다.
지적장애 - 현저한 지적수행능력의 장애가 있고 이로 인해 적응행동에 제한이 있는 경우이다. 국제패럴림픽위원회는 신체적 장애 부문을 우선적으로 다뤄왔으나 일부 경기에는 지적장애 부문도 추가되고 있다. 이는 18세 이전에 지적장애로 진단을 받은 우수한 선수만을 대상으로 한다. 그러나, 국제올림픽위원회의 스페셜올림픽은 모든 지적장애인들을 위한 대회이다.
각 선수의 등급과 분류에 따라 참여경기와 대진상대가 결정된다. 싸이클링과 같은 일부 종목은 여러 분류의 선수들이 참가하며, 축구와 같은 종목은 한 분류의 선수들에게만 허용된다. 여러 분류의 참가가 허용되는 종목 중에서도 육상과 같이 동일한 분류의 선수끼리만 경쟁하는 종목과 수영과 같이 다른 분류끼리 경쟁이 가능한 종목이 있다. 패럴림픽내의 각 경기는 일반적으로 해당 장애 등급으로 이름이 붙여지는데, 심각한 신체 결손 등급을 의미하는 ‘남자 수영 자유형 S1’ 혹은 지적 장애 등급을 의미하는 ‘여자 탁구 11’과 같은 형태이다.
장애등급은 패럴림픽 경기의 중요한 요소 중 하나이다. 장애등급에 따른 분류를 통해 선수들은 자신과 비슷한 신체적 조건을 가진 선수들과 경쟁할 수 있다. 비장애인 종목에서 연령 혹은 체중에 따라 종목을 구분하는 것과 유사한 목적이다.
선수들은 참가하는 종목과 장애분류에 따라 다양한 과정을 통해 분류된다. 선수를 판별하는 기준에는 신체적, 의학적 진단 뿐만 아니라 선수의 신체 기능이 특정 운동을 수행할 수 있는지에 대한 기술적 평가와 경기 안팍의 관찰이 포함된다. 매종목마다 구체적인 분류체계가 갖춰져 있으며 이는 종목의 판정요소에도 포함된다.
현재 채택된 하계 종목은 아래와 같다.
2012년초, IPC 선수연맹의 의장인 밥 보크는 썰매종목인 봅슬레이, 루지와 스켈레톤을 2018년 평창 동계 패럴림픽에 포함시키기 위한 노력을 시작했다.
본문에 수록된 분류는 어떠한 형태로든 대회에 참가하는 모든 기준을 나열한 것으로써, 패럴림픽에서 실제로 모든 해당 분류의 경기가 열리는 것은 아니다.
상기 열거된 조직과 기관은 넓은 의미의 책임과 권한을 갖는다. 일부경우, 특정장애를 담당하는 조직과 기관이 해당 선수에 대해 경기 내에서의 책임과 권한을 갖기도 한다. 예를 들어, 국제패럴림픽위원회는 패럴림픽과 같은 다양한 분류의 선수들이 참가하는 경기를 주관하지만, 국제뇌성마비인경기연맹, 국제시각장애인경기연맹, 국제휠체어/절단장애인경기연맹은 각각 뇌성마비, 시각장애, 휠체어/절단장애인선수들의 단일 종목 대회를 주관한다.
패럴림픽 현황은 해당 연도에 각각의 종목이 정식 종목으로써 열렸음을 의미한다.
Bear Archery

Bear Archery is a manufacturer and marketer of bows and archery equipment located in Gainesville, Florida, owned by Escalade Sports.
The company was founded in 1933 as the Bear Products Company in Detroit by Fred Bear and Charles Piper. The initial focus was on silk-screening and advertising support work for automotive companies.
In 1938 Fred Bear hired Nels Grumley, a woodworker and bowyer, and the company expanded to offer hand-made bows.
Fred Bear sold the advertising side of the Bear Products Company in 1940. The archery business was named Bear Archery.
In 1947 the company moved to a new facility in Grayling, Michigan. The Grayling plant focused on making and marketing recurve bows and longbows in a growing archery market. Bow manufacturing changed from hand-made bows to mass production using fiberglass and other modern materials.
Fred Bear sold the company to Victor Comptometer in 1968, but remained the president of Bear Archery. The company was not one of the first compound bow manufacturers, but eventually found success with early models like the Whitetail Hunter.
Bear Archery moved manufacturing from Michigan to Gainesville, Florida in 1978.
Over the next three decades Bear Archery changed hands in a series of mergers, acquisitions, and spin-offs from Victor Comptometer to Walter Kidde & Co, Hanson PLC, U.S. Industries, Fenway Partners and the North American Archery Group.
In 2003 Escalade Sports acquired the North American Archery Group and currently does business as Bear Archery Inc.
PSE Archery

PSE Archery, LLC is an American archery supply company, and a designer and manufacturer of compound bows, arrows, and other equipment. The company was founded by Pete Shepley in Mahomet, Illinois, and has its corporate headquarters in Tucson, Arizona. PSE Archery is one of the leading bow manufacturers in the world, its products are widely used in many fields including hunting and sports.
PSE was acquired in February 2023 from the former owner Pete Shepley by Heritage Outdoor Group, an newly-formed investment holding company designed to acquire existing outdoor brands.
PSE, short for Precision Shooting Equipment, was founded by Pete Shepley, a product engineer of Magnavox, as a part-time pursuit. Shepley was a specialist in creating archery equipment and created the company in 1970 to manufacture his own products. PSE was one of five companies to have produced the first compound bows.
PSE is known for producing high performance bows, in 2014 the Full Throttle was introduced and was the fastest bow on the market at that time, IBO speeds of 370 fps.
Bow & Arrow

Bow & Arrow is a growth consultancy and professional services company based in London. The company was founded in 2009 by Natasha Chetiyawardana and Ben Slater under the name FH Innovation Ltd. In November 2011 the organisation was renamed to Bow & Arrow Ltd, and is currently based in Soho Square.
Former clients for Bow & Arrow include Google, Barclays and Carphone Warehouse, with tasks such as providing different processes and tools into many juxtaposing organisations. For example, introducing new technologies, developing new coaching skills or generating new ideas.
In 2015, Bow & Arrow was awarded bronze in the Service Design category at the DBA Design Effectiveness Awards for their design of Pin Point, "the UK's first tablet-based customer experience in a high street store".
World Archery Championships

The World Archery Championships are a series of competitions in Archery organised by the World Archery Federation. The first competition held under that title took place in 1931.
Competition archery takes a wide variety of formats, but the title World Championships is commonly reserved for the following three events:
Of these, the Outdoor World Championships in target Archery is most commonly referred to as simply the 'World Archery Championships', and the winners most commonly referred to as simply "world champions". Events in those outdoor championships are held involving fixed targets at set distances, using a variety of bows, the recurve bow from 1931 and the compound bow since 1995.
Although less widely recognised, World Championship events are also held in Youth archery (outdoor only - field and indoor youth events are held alongside the senior championships), Para-archery, University archery and 3D archery. A ski archery World Championships was last held in 2007, but is not part of the current rotation. Following the accession of archery to permanent sports at the Summer Universiade, the university world championships also ceased to be part of the World Archery Championships rotation in 2014.
And for the divisions as defined in their respective chapters:
Despite the above provision, a World Championship does not have to be awarded if the executive board determines it is not appropriate.
Updated after the 2023 World Archery Championships.
The eighth Ski Archery World Championships held in Moscow in Russia in 2013.
European Archery Championships

The European Archery Championships is a series of outdoor, indoor and other archery championship in Europe.
1968-2012: European Mediterranean Archery Championships
2014-2022: European Archery Championships
European and Mediterranean Archery Union (EMAU) = 17 April 1988
World Archery Europe (WAE) = 20 May 2012
European Outdoor Target Championship
Source: https://sport-record.de/archery/outdoor-wae.html#ech (Full results)
European Cup
I. 1965, Aug 20 - 24 Nürnberg FRG
II. 1966, Sep 04 Varese ITA
III. 1967, May 20 - 21 Genève SUI
Unofficial European Championship
1968, Sep 06 - 07 Reutte AUT
1970, Jul 10 - 11 Hradec Králové TCH
1984, Oct in ITA not held
European & Mediterranean Indoor Archery Championship
Source: https://sport-record.de/archery/indoor-wae.html (Full results)
https://sport-record.de/archery/field-wae.html
https://sport-record.de/archery/3d-wae.html
European Para-Archery Championships
European Universities Championships
https://www.worldcrossbow.com/
3rd European Crossbow Championship 2009
Field Crossbow European Championships 2013 Innsbruck
https://sport-record.de/archery/outdoor-wae.html#ectc
Only Senior events: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halowe_mistrzostwa_Europy_w_%C5%82ucznictwie
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistrzostwa_Europy_w_%C5%82ucznictwie
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistrzostwa_Europy_w_%C5%82ucznictwie_polowym
List of World Championships medalists in archery

This is a List of World Championships medalists in outdoor target archery. The World Archery Championships are one of the three pinnacle events organised by the World Archery Federation and the event with the longest continuous history, the others being the Olympic archery competition (1972–) and the World Cup (2006–).
Note: Unofficial; Disputed
Competition format:
Competition format:
Competition format:
Competition format:
Competition format:
Including medals earned in the unofficial team events in 1931–1936
Archery World Cup

The Archery World Cup is a competition organized by World Archery, where the archers compete in four stages in four countries and the best eight archers of each category (from 2010, four archers during 2006–09) advance to an additional stage to contest the Archery World Cup Final. Started in 2006, this form of competition was introduced following the success of the 2003 World Archery Championships in New York and the 2004 Summer Olympics with the intent of making the sport more popular and attractive to spectators, with the matches being held in 'spectacular' locations and the final matches being broadcast online. It has received plaudits for its innovative approach to the sport, raising its profile and reach.
From 2013, the World Cup is broadcast live on Eurosport. It carries sponsorship from Kia and Longines, which supports the annual Longines Prize of Precision for archery, for the "best male and female athletes that master bow and arrow through concentration, balance, accuracy, and skill".
The prize money for 2022 season was:
In the World Cup Finals the prize money for the individual competitions in 2018 was:
For each individual World Cup stage, the prize money offered for individual competitions in 2013 was:
The following venues have hosted stages of the World Cup Final.
The Longines Prize for Precision is awarded to the male and female archers who shoot the most 10s over the course of the competition at the end of the season. It has been awarded since 2010 and is awarded to compound and recurve archers in alternate years. Winners receive a trophy, watch and cash prize of 5,000 CHF.
Winners
Including all individual and team stage and final medals up to end of 2023 World Cup final.
The following table shows the total number of all medals (including stage and finals).
Including stage and final medals up to end of 2023 World Cup final.
Recurve archer Compound archer
The following table shows the total number of individual medals (including stage and finals).
Including stage and final medals up to end of 2023 World Cup final.
Recurve archer Compound archer
An Indoor Archery World Cup was inaugurated in 2010. It is played in the off-season (November to February), with fewer stages and the final competed in Las Vegas. In 2014, the stages were held in Marrakesh, Singapore and Telford. 2019-2020 Indoor Archery World Series have 6 qualification and one final stage. After 2018, the World Indoor Archery Championships were discontinued, leaving the Indoor Archery World Series as the premier championship in indoor archery.
Kim Kyung-wook

Kim Kyung-wook (born April 18, 1970) is a South Korean archer and Olympic champion. She competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where she won a gold medal with the South Korean archery team, and also an individual gold medal. Furthermore, Kim Kyung-wook is now the owner and head coach of GK96 archery club located in Cerritos, California. GK96 is a top ranked club in California.
Kim Woo-jin (archer)

Kim Woo-jin (Korean: 김우진; Korean pronunciation: [ki.mu.dʑin] or [kim] [u.dʑin]; born June 20, 1992) is a South Korean archer specializing in recurve archery. He first held the world number one ranking in 2011. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, he set a world record in men's individual recurve archery as well as won the gold medal as a member of the South Korean men's archery team. During the 2024 Summer Olympics, he earned an Olympic gold medal in the men's individual event after a tiebreaker with American archer Brady Ellison. This victory marked Kim's fifth gold medal overall and his third consecutive Olympics in which he won a gold medal. He is also a three-time world champion in the men's individual recurve event at the World Archery Championships.
His record of five Olympic gold medals is the most won by any archer in the world, surpassing the four won by Kim Soo-nyung. It also makes him the most awarded Korean Olympian of all time in any sport.
He is right-handed, and uses 30-inch (76 cm) arrows and a draw weight of 46 pounds (21 kg).
Kim was part of the 2011 World Archery Championships gold medal-winning men's team and won the individual gold medal at the 2011 World Archery Championships and the 2012 FITA Archery World Cup. Despite this, he was not selected for the 2012 Korean Olympic team.
In 2015, Kim was again selected for the Korean national team and became the first man since 1985 to win the World Archery Championships twice.
During the 2016 Summer Olympics, Kim set a world record during the individual men's qualifying round with a score of 700 out of a possible 720 (held under World Archery Federation rules at a distance of 70 meters). The previous record of 699 was set by Im Dong-hyun (also of South Korea) at the 2012 Olympics, and the record would stand until surpassed by Brady Ellison with a score of 702 at the 2019 World Archery Championships. However, in a major upset, Kim lost 2–6 in the second round in the individual category to Indonesia's Riau Ega Agatha. He was one of the three members of the South Korean men's team who won the Olympic gold medal in the team competition.
During the 2024 Summer Olympics, he earned an Olympic gold medal in the men's individual event after a tiebreaker with American archer Brady Ellison. This victory marked Kim's fifth gold medal overall and his third consecutive Olympics in which he won a gold medal. In addition, Kim secured a gold medal in the men's team archery event, making him one of only two athletes, along with Kim Soo-nyung, to achieve three consecutive team gold medals in archery at the Olympics. This made him South Korea's most successful Olympic athlete. His gold completed South Korea's clean sweep of archery at that Olympics.
As of August 2021, Kim was planning to marry his girlfriend in December 2021.
Kim Jo-sun

Kim Jo-Sun (Korean: 김조순, born June 13, 1975) is a female South Korean archer and Olympic champion. She competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where she won a gold medal with the South Korean archery team (with Kim Kyung-wook and Yoon Hye-young).
She won an individual gold medal at the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok, as well as a team gold medal.
She married table tennis player Kim Taek-soo in 2000.
Yebira

Yebira, Ebira and Shiko (箙, lit. the "[Japanese] Quiver (of Arrows)") are types of quiver used in Japanese archery. The quiver is unusual in that in some cases, it may have open sides, while the arrows are held in the quiver by the tips which sit on a rest at the base of the ebira, and a rib that composes the upper part and keeps them in place.
There are many types of ebira, some more ornate, some ceremonial, some more plain. Other types of ebira are more substantial and more boxlike, much like quivers from other countries. The ebira was used traditionally by samurai in combat or hunting, and also is used for ceremonial archery in modern-day Japan, such as in yabusame. It could be quite decorative. It is completely different from the cylindrical yazutsu, which is used only for carrying Kyūdō arrows. Some ebira could hold up to three dozen arrows.
The ebira can be slung over the back, or kept on saddle by horse archers.
Bow, Washington

Bow is an unincorporated community and census-designated placein Skagit County, Washington. It is located near the towns of Bay View, Edison, Burlington, and Mount Vernon. Bow is included in the Mount Vernon-Anacortes, Washington Metropolitan Statistical Area. Bow overlooks Samish Bay. The population of Bow is 203 in the 2020 census.
The 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge Bow Hill Railroad, complete with a working steam locomotive, is located in the Bow area. It can be found on the private property of Diz Schimke, who allows the public to ride the train during Christmastime in exchange for donations to the Alger food bank.
Bow was originally known as Brownsville, after William J. Brown, who homesteaded the townsite in 1869. The advent of the railroad resulted in a population boom and the need for a post office. Apparently inspired by the growth brought by the railroad, Brown suggested the new name of Bow, after the large railway station in London, England, which in turn was named for the bow or poplar tree. Although this is the most common belief, there are some who believe it was named after homesteader James T. Bow.
An alternate story claims that the settlement is named for a Norwegian immigrant family that settled in that area in the 1890s. Their last name was Boe.
Bow is located in Skagit County, Washington, in the Mount Vernon-Anacortes metro area. The original town of Bow was located off Bow Hill Road and included a church, a mercantile, and a hotel. Bow is often confused with the nearby town of Edison, on Samish Bay. Both Edison and Bow - as well as the nearby town of Blanchard - share the Bow zip code.
48°33′41″N 122°24′28″W﻿ / ﻿48.56139°N 122.40778°W﻿ / 48.56139; -122.40778
新加坡司令

新加坡司令（英語：Singapore Sling）是一種雞尾酒，是由原籍海南的華裔酒保嚴崇文（Ngiam Tong Boon）於1910年至1915年間所發明，當時他是為新加坡的萊佛士酒店工作。他應顧客要求改良琴湯尼這種調酒，調出了一種口感酸甜的酒，後來一炮而紅。不過原創的食譜已經消失，現今萊佛士酒店的新加坡司令食譜是老酒保依照記憶還原出來的。
而國際調酒協會的標準酒譜如下：
新加坡陆军

新加坡陸軍（馬來語：Tentera Singapura；英語：Singapore Army），是新加坡共和國的陸軍，也是新加坡武裝部隊的一部分。
新加坡武装部队中最早建立起来的单位就是陆军的第一步兵营，成立於1957年；而第二步兵營隨後在1963年建立。1965年，新加坡自從脫離馬來西亞獨立之後，於同年12月通過了《新加坡陸軍法案》，正式組建了軍隊。
1972年，新加坡國會進一步通過並立法《新加坡武裝部隊法》，以重組和鞏固新加坡武裝部隊的指揮及其他行政職能。
新加坡陸軍於2017年慶祝成立60週年。
陆军最高指挥官为陆军总长，由陆军参谋长及训导司令协助。
陆军司令部下分「人力」、「情报」、「作战」、「后勤」、「策划」，以及「训练」六部，各由一个上校衔助理参谋长管辖。
各兵种（突击队、精卫队、坦克部队、炮兵部队、步兵、工兵、讯号兵、支援与运输部队、维修与工程部队）设司令部，由兵种长负责支援陆军司令。
新加坡陆军以“师”为最大编制，共5个师及一个人民卫国军。师级单位下设若干旅、营、连、排、班。陆军中还设有若干独立旅、营级单位。
一排四班，一连四排，一营四连，一旅三营，一师4旅以上的编制，因此新加坡部队的师普遍为加强师。
第三師司令部設於裕廊
第六師司令部設於萬禮
第九師司令部設於樟宜
德光島上設有訓練新兵的基本軍事訓練中心（Basic Military Training Center）。
人民衛國軍負責新加坡國土安全，其主要職責是保護民用設施和基礎設施，另外在發生緊急事故時向民間提供資源及人道援助。
由于新加坡土地短缺并缺乏战略纵深，新加坡陆军在海外开辟了数个训练基地，所处地点包括：中華民國（臺灣）、汶萊、馬來西亞、日本、大韓民國（南韓）、澳大利亞。
廊酒

廊酒（法語：Bénédictine）或班尼狄克丁是由法国人亞歷山大·勒格朗（英语：Alexandre Le Grand (merchant)）于19世纪始创的一种草本利口酒。
制造商除了生产廊酒外，同时生产一种称之为「B&B」（Bénédictine and Brandy）的酒精飲料，通过将廊酒与白兰地一起蒸馏，使得B&B比起廊酒不那么甜。19世纪30年代就有B&B生产，当时人们试图将廊酒和白兰地混合成一种口味较干的酒饮来饮用。
廊酒与B&B的酒精浓度一直都标称为40%（80 Proof）。直到最近，二者的酒精浓度才调整为43%（86 Proof）。1977年，制造商生产了一款30%酒精浓度的咖啡力娇酒——Café Bénédictine，使用廊酒和咖啡味力娇酒混合调制。如今Café Bénédictine已经不再生产。取而代之，如今公司生产一种单桶廊酒（Bénédictine Single Cask），使用独特的黑色瓶子灌装，只在法国诺曼底Fécamp的Palais de la Bénédictine's专卖店出售。
美国、马来西亚和新加坡是廊酒最大的消费市场。
根据传说，在诺曼底的本笃会費康修道院，一位威尼斯僧侣Dom Bernardo Vincelli发明了一种延年益寿的药酒，受到国王弗朗索瓦一世的大加赞赏。然而积年累月原始的配方已经遗失，事实是葡萄酒商人亞歷山大·勒格朗（英语：Alexandre Le Grand (merchant)）在本地药剂师的帮助下，独自研发了廊酒的配方。而历史上也没有证据表明有以为名叫Dom Bernardo Vincelli的威尼斯僧侣，抑或弗朗索瓦一世曾经在費康修道院居住过。亞歷山大炮制并传播了这个传说，将酒铭刻上城市历史的痕迹，目的就是为了提高廊酒的销量。
廊酒的配方是一个极高度的商业机密，形式上只有3个人知道配方的秘密。配方中公开的成分包括当归根和籽，牛膝草，杜松，没药，番紅花，肉豆蔻皮，冷杉树的花，芦荟，山金车，蜜蜂花的葉和莖，鐵線蕨，绿茶，百里香，芫荽，丁香，柠檬，香子蘭，橙皮，蜂蜜，红莓，肉桂和肉豆蔻。
酒液需要多次蒸馏过程，并在橡木桶中陈酿两年左右。
许多人试图复制这款酒，瓶子和标签都被模仿，甚至标着Bénédictine的名字。制造商斥责其为“冒牌货”（Salle des Contrefaçons），声称侵犯了他们的知识产权，并提起诉讼。然而，在与西班牙西洛斯的聖多明戈修道院的诉讼中落败，因为当地的僧侣同样声称他们长时间以来酿制这种药酒。
每一瓶廊酒都会在标签上印着缩写“D.O.M.”，代表“Deo Optimo Maximo”（献给至高无上的主）。这个缩写通常被本笃会文献中用作开篇词句，象征奉献精神。
开始亞歷山大以本笃会为商标生产廊酒，配以容易辨识的酒瓶形状和商标图案。然后家族把这款酒卖给了马提尼与罗西（英语：Martini & Rossi）公司，并最终为百加得集团所有。
一般，廊酒作为药酒单独饮用。也有将廊酒混合白兰地或者力娇酒饮用以改变其风味。有数款使用廊酒或者B&B的力娇酒，包括弗里斯科（Frisco）、德比（Derby）、新加坡司令、老廣場（Vieux Carré）和蒙地卡羅（Monte Carlo）。
在诺曼底地区，廊酒还被广泛的用来制作各种美食，如truffes à la Bénédictine（本笃会松露），soufflé à la Bénédictine等，也常在蔬菜、肉类或海鲜的烹饪中用到廊酒。
鸡尾酒

雞尾酒（英語：cocktail），亦稱調酒，粤语音譯咯嗲，是一種含有酒精的混合飲料。通常情況下，雞尾酒可以是單一烈酒或多種烈酒的組合，並與果汁、糖漿、氣泡水、果醬和苦精等其他成分混合。
雞尾酒在世界各地的地區差異很大，許多網站會發布原創配方，对于很多較为经典和著名的雞尾酒的配方，很多网站的配方也不一定完全一致。
有關英文「cocktail」一詞的起源一直存在爭議（參閱§ 詞源一節）。作為一種飲料，「cocktail」這個詞首次在1803年出現在美國的《The Farmers Cabinet》報紙上。三年後的1806年5月13日，《The Balance and Columbian Repository》（紐約哈德遜）首次將 cocktail 定義為一種含酒精的飲料。 傳統上，雞尾酒成分包括烈酒、糖、水和苦精，然而，這個定義在19世紀不斷演變，包括添加利口酒。
1862年，傑瑞·湯瑪斯（Jerry Thomas）出版了一本名為《如何調酒》（How to Mix Drinks）或 The Bon Vivant's Companion 的酒保指南，其中包括10個使用苦精以區別於其他飲料（如潘趣和可伯樂）的雞尾酒酒譜。
雞尾酒在20世紀持續演變並越來越受歡迎，最終該術語擴展到所有酒精混合飲料。1917年，密蘇里州聖路易斯的小茱莉斯·S·沃爾什夫人（Ms. Julius S. Walsh Jr.）首次提出了「雞尾酒會」（cocktail party）這個詞。由於在美國的禁酒令時期（1920年至1933年），葡萄酒和啤酒較少，基於烈酒的雞尾酒由於可得性而變得更受歡迎，隨後在1960年代末流行度下降。在2000年代初至中期，雞尾酒文化隨著調酒術將傳統雞尾酒與新穎成分相融合而開始崛起。
在現代世界和資訊時代，雞尾酒酒譜常在網上被廣泛分享。旅遊雜誌和指南經常報導和評論雞尾酒以及供應它們的酒吧。一些雞尾酒，如莫希托、曼哈頓和馬天尼，更已成為餐廳和流行文化中的基本飲料。
「雞尾酒」一詞可以指代各種各樣的飲料；它通常是一種含有酒精的混合飲料。
當一種混合飲料只含有一種蒸餾酒和一種混合物時，如蘇打水或果汁，就屬於高球酒。許多國際調酒師協會的官方雞尾酒都是高球雞尾酒。當只包含一種蒸餾酒和一種利口酒時，就是一種二重奏，當它加入奶油或以奶油為基礎的利口酒時，就是三重奏。其他成分可能是糖、蜂蜜、牛奶、鮮奶油和各種香草。
類似於雞尾酒的不含酒精的混合飲料可以稱為「處女」雞尾酒或「Mocktail」。
英文中「Cocktail」一詞的起源存在爭議。1798 年 3 月 20 日，在英國倫敦的晨報和地名詞典中發現了第一次使用 cocktail 而不是指馬的記錄：
牛津英語詞典引用該詞作為起源於美國的第一個記錄在美國使用雞尾酒作為飲料（可能不含酒精）出現在《農夫的內閣》The Farmer's Cabinet，1803 年 4 月 28 日：
1806 年 5 月 13 日，The Balance and Columbian Repository（紐約哈德遜）首​​次將雞尾酒定義為酒精飲料；編輯 Harry Croswell 回答了「什麼是雞尾酒？」這個問題：
戴爾·德格羅夫（Dale DeGroff）假設這個詞是從法語 Coquetier 演變而來的，指的是一個蛋杯，據稱 Peychaud’s Bitters 的發明者 Antoine A. Peychaud曾用這種蛋杯為他的客人提供混合了干邑白蘭地和他的苦精的混合物。
詞源學家阿納托利·利伯曼 （Anatoly Liberman）認為 Låftman（1946）提出的理論「很有可能」，利伯曼總結如下：
雞尾酒歷史學家 David Wondrich 還推測，「雞尾酒」指的是「薑馬（英语：Gingering）」，一種使用生薑栓劑讓老馬振作起來的做法，這樣馬就會「翹起尾巴，變得活躍起來」（cock its tail up and be frisky）。
幾位作者認為「雞尾酒」（cocktail）可能是「雞公艾爾」（cock ale）的變體。
雞尾酒的起源尚不清楚。傳統上雞尾酒是烈酒、糖、水和苦精的混合物。然而，到了 1860 年代，雞尾酒中經常會加入利口酒。
第一份包含雞尾酒配方的調酒師指南出版於 1862 年——《如何調酒》（How to Mix Drinks）或 The Bon Vivant's Companion' 出自於「教授」傑瑞·湯瑪斯。除了潘趣、沙瓦、司令、可伯樂、灌木叢、托迪、菲麗普和各種其他混合飲料的配方外，還有 10 種「雞尾酒」配方。將雞尾酒與本綱要中的其他飲料區分開來的一個關鍵因素是苦味劑的使用。符合「雞尾酒」這個本義的今天流行的混合飲料有古典威士忌、薩澤拉克和曼哈頓。
列出的成分（烈酒、糖、水和苦精）與古典的成分相匹配，起源於 19 世紀晚期酒吧顧客用來區分「老式」雞尾酒和新式雞尾酒的術語，更複雜的雞尾酒。
在 William Terrington 1869 年的食譜書 Cooling Cups and Dainty Drinks 中，雞尾酒被描述為：
高球（highball）一詞出現在 1890 年代，以分辨僅由一種蒸餾酒和無酒混合物混合成的飲料。
Farrow and Jackson 於 1902 年出版的 Recipes of American and Other Iced Drinks 包含近兩打雞尾酒的配方，其中一些至今仍廣為人知。
據稱，密蘇里州聖路易斯的 Julius S. Walsh Jr. 於 1917 年 5 月舉辦了有史以來的第一場「雞尾酒派對」 。Walsh在周日中午邀請了 50 位客人到她家。聚會持續了一個小時，直到下午 1 點的午餐供應。该地點现存至今，天主教聖路易斯總教區于1924年買下了林德爾大道4510號Walsh的宅邸，并在此後一直作為當地大主教的官邸。
在美國的禁酒令期間（1920-1933），當酒精飲料非法時，雞尾酒仍然在被稱為地下酒吧的場所非法消費。禁酒令期間的酒質比以前差很多。從威士忌到琴酒的轉變，琴酒不需陳釀，因此更容易非法生產。蜂蜜、果汁和其他調味品用來掩蓋劣質酒的臭味。甜雞尾酒更容易快速飲用，這是一個重要的考慮因素，因為酒吧隨時可能遭到突襲臨檢。由於葡萄酒和啤酒不太容易獲得，以烈酒為基礎的雞尾酒取而代之，甚至成為新雞尾酒派對的核心。
雞尾酒在 20 世紀 60 年代後期和整個 1970 年代變得不那麼流行，直到 1980 年代復興，伏特加經常在馬丁尼等飲料中代替原汁原味的琴酒。傳統雞尾酒在 2000 年代開始捲土重來，雞尾酒文化自2000年代中期再次復興，通常稱為調酒學，它汲取了傳統雞尾酒的靈感，但使用更新穎的成分和複雜口味。
鸡尾酒疗法

鸡尾酒疗法，专指一种治疗愛滋病的方法。它由华裔美籍科学家何大一发明，是目前公认的疗效最佳的艾滋病治疗方法。這項研發使何大一以「愛滋病研究者」（AIDS Researcher）的身份榮獲1996年的時代雜誌風雲人物。鸡尾酒疗法能够较大限度地抑制病毒的复制，但并不是每個病患在妥善治療後都能長期把血液病毒量控制到極低。
1995年由美籍台灣科学家何大一提出，将两大类当时已有的抗艾滋病药物（逆转录酶抑制剂和蛋白酶抑制剂）中的2—4种组合在一起使用，称为“高效抗逆转录病毒治疗方法”。因其配置过程和鸡尾酒类似，故又称“鸡尾酒疗法”。
由于使用多种药物，避免病毒对单一药物迅速产生抗药性而影响疗效，鸡尾酒疗法能够较大限度地抑制病毒的复制，并能修复部分被破坏的人体免疫功能，进而能够减少患者的痛苦，提高其生存機率。自1995年该疗法应用于临床之后，已使大量艾滋病患者受益。有统计数据表明，鸡尾酒疗法使艾滋病患者的死亡率降低到20%。
但是，鸡尾酒疗法有較高機率產生令人嚴重不適的副作用，其局限性也明顯；對於這些問題的輕描淡寫造成一些高危險群對愛滋病的輕忽——也就是防疫漏洞。
常用組合
血腥玛丽 (鸡尾酒)

血腥玛丽（英語：Bloody Mary），又稱迷人血瑪莉，是一种酒精含量较低的红色鸡尾酒，适合在饭前或早晨饮用。基本成分是伏特加、番茄汁和其他以辛辣香料为首的各种配料，如伍斯特醬、塔巴斯科辣椒酱、法式清汤、辣根、芹菜、橄榄、盐、黑胡椒、辣椒、柠檬汁、芹菜盐。因此也被一部分人認为是世界上最难喝的鸡尾酒。
血腥瑪麗的起源据说是1920年巴黎的“哈里的纽约”（Harry's New York）酒吧的调酒师弗南德·帕蒂奥（Fernand Petiot）发明的，他说有一个孩子建议起名叫“血腥玛丽”，因为这杯酒让他想起芝加哥的“血桶俱乐部”和其中的姑娘玛丽。由于他所在的酒吧名，使他起了念头，1934年帕蒂奥迁到纽约，在“大甘蓝”酒吧工作，将这个配方带到美国。酒店想将这种鸡尾酒改名，但由于血腥玛丽让人印象非常深刻，直接联想到英国女王玛丽一世的绰号“血腥玛丽”，所以改名没有成功。纽约人在饮用后认为鸡尾酒略显平淡，要求帕蒂奥往这种饮料中添加各种调料，于是就有了现在各式各样的复杂配方。
许多酒吧的调酒师都有自己秘密的修正配方。基酒可以换成各种酒类，而血腥玛丽如果不含酒精，也叫“处女玛丽”。
IBA官方鸡尾酒列表

国际调酒协会官方鸡尾酒是国际调酒协会为了举办世界鸡尾酒大赛（IBA World Cocktail Championship）而精选出来的适合调酒师参赛的鸡尾酒品种。
国际调协將其雞尾酒分为以下三类：
以下雞尾酒曾被列入官方雞尾酒名單，現已除名：
血橙

血橙（英文：blood orange）是橙（Citrus sinensis）的變種，帶有深紅色似血顏色的果肉與汁液。這種水果較尋常的橙還要小；表皮通常有小凹點，但也可以是平滑的。具有特色的深色果肉是因為花色苷(anthocyanin)的存在；花色苷是一種常見的色素，為花青素與單醣形成的糖苷結合物，存在於許多花朵與果實中，但在柑橘類果實卻很少見。有時候在最外層的皮上也會有深色表現，要看血橙的變異度。內部深色則與光、溫度以及變異度相關。
現有三種血橙：塔罗科血橙（Tarocco，原生於義大利）、桑吉耐劳血橙（Sanguinello原生於西班牙）以及摩洛血橙（Moro），為最新的變種。
摩洛血橙是新近加入血橙家族的成員，顏色是三種中最為鮮豔的，具有呈現深紫色的果肉以及紅橙色的橙皮。這種水果帶有特殊的甜味，額外略有覆盆莓(raspberry)的風味。摩洛品系據信源自於19世紀初的柑橘產地——Lentini(位於西西里島上的Siracusa省)一帶，為桑吉耐劳品系的突變。
摩洛血橙是“全血”的血橙，意思就是果肉是从带宝石红色的橙色纹理，到鲜红色，到更深一点的绯红色，直到几乎黑色。深橙色的果皮有带点的纹路或红葡萄酒色的纹理。
塔罗科血橙是中等大小的水果并可能是这三种之中最甜最好吃的一种。作为意大利最爱欢迎的橙子，塔罗科血橙可能是桑吉耐劳血橙的一个变异品种。这也称为“半血”，因为果肉并没有像摩洛血橙和桑吉耐劳血橙的那么红。它的果皮是深橙色，稍微带了一点点红色。由于其甜度(白利糖度和酸度的比浓度一般超过12.0)和多汁的特点，塔罗科血橙是世界上最流行的橙子之一。由于埃特纳火山地区肥沃的土壤，它也是世界上含有维生素C最丰富的橙子，同时也很容易剥皮。和其它的血橙一样，塔罗科血橙是无籽的且含有花青素。一般认为，塔罗科（Tarocco）的名称源自发现它的农民在展示这一水果时发出的感叹。
桑吉耐劳血橙於1929年發現於西班牙，表皮帶有紅色色澤，少籽，果肉甜而軟。桑吉耐劳血橙與摩洛血橙具有相似特徵。其於二月熟成，但若不收成則可於樹上停留至四月，一直到五月底才會掉落。橙皮緊實，色澤鮮黃，略有紅色色澤。果肉是橙色的，而帶有多條血色的條紋。
血橙可以製成風味甚佳的果汁，而"Gourmet Sleuth"推薦利用血橙汁作雞尾酒的材料。血橙也可以用來作橘子醬(marmalade)。
火影忍者角色列表

下表列出《火影忍者》中漫畫及動畫的登場人物。
關於《BORUTO-火影新世代-NARUTO NEXT GENERATIONS-》的登場角色的資訊請參考BORUTO-火影新世代-NARUTO NEXT GENERATIONS-角色列表。
只出現在劇場版 失落之塔中。
地理位置位於風之國境內，但是獨立於砂忍者村而存在著。後來在戰亂中成為廢墟。
存在的時代應為作品現時點的十至二十年前。名字取自于现实中的楼兰古国。
霧隱村中，使用七把代代相傳、有特殊能力的忍刀，聞名於各國的精英忍者，後經歷於時代推移，如今忍刀七人眾僅剩長十郎。其中有些成員被譽為最強一代的忍刀七人眾，分別活躍於第四代水影櫓繼位時期，後逐漸凋零。最強的七人在第四次忍界大戰被藥師兜用穢土轉生召喚出來作為「曉」的戰力，與忍者合軍第三部隊隊長旗木卡卡西所率领的聯合軍部隊正面交锋，帶給忍者聯合軍十分慘重的傷亡。
動畫原創中為岩忍者村控制蜜蜂的一族。30年前忍界大戰時，岩忍者村的上水流一族襲擊木葉忍者村，但被木葉忍者村中使用寄壞蟲戰鬥的油女一族察覺，結果上水流一族戰敗並被岩忍者村打入冷宮。後來上水流一族的人剩沒幾個人，雀蜂等人試圖尋找微香蟲來找回創族長老的秘術再向木葉復仇，最後被同樣正在尋找微香蟲的木葉小隊擊敗。
，並與鹿丸展開對決，後使用「黃泉轉身術」將鹿丸等人帶到異空間。
花派是草忍者村主張和平的派系，只在劇場版中出現。
實派是草忍村的主戰派系，只在劇場版中出現。事後因為此事件被木葉忍者村、岩忍者村和雲忍者村三村都要求草忍者村要負責，使得草忍村的高層為了生存並判定全部實派的忍者為叛忍全部直接送到「鬼燈城」
鳴人的母親的忍者村，是木葉千手一族的遠房親戚所建立的忍者村，善於各種封印術，包括四象封印、屍鬼封盡等。有「長壽村」之名，但後來被其他國家毀滅了，動畫476話忍界聯軍的地圖顯示原渦之國被併入湯忍者村的所屬國度。至今木葉忍者村依然將渦潮忍者村的村徵印在他們的馬甲上，為了紀念過去兩村的友好關係，以及確實有這個村子存在過。相傳漩渦一族都有一頭紅髮和旺盛的生命力。
由被稱作三狼的三座山建立起來的國家，三狼從左邊開始分別是「狼起山」、「狼食山」跟「狼哭山」，是擁有獨立的文化，獨立的權限，以及獨立的戰力的中立國，很久以前就不允許忍者出手，鐵之國是由一班稱為『武士』的人守衛著國界，而且『武士』也會把查克拉集在武士刀上。因為『三狼』有個可怕怪物的傳說，所以三座山的名子都帶有都狼這個字。
在以前三狼的三座山上分別各有一個忍村，分別叫做「狼起之里」、「狼食之里」跟「狼哭之里」，前兩個忍村在（疾風傳）十年前被雨忍者村佔領過而滅亡，後來被「狼哭之里」的熊膽一族以『青火粉』所開發的武器擊退。「狼哭之里」也因為這件事加上本身是個能採集各種藥草而獲得「藥之國」美名的村子，而在幾年前發動的中立宣言。
在三狼上居住著一種一年四季都會出現，酷似螢火蟲的蟲，名叫將軍庶蟲，這種蟲的雌性會散發一種味道，男人很喜歡，女性更喜歡拿來做香水。要是處理不好使用者會遭到雄性的將軍庶蟲們包圍，並且這也是止咳藥的原料，不過這也能當最作追蹤目標的手段。
太古時期三狼上居住了一個名叫狼咽的怪物，頭如狼，身似虎，大嘴裂至耳側，利齒如劍叢生，背後的觸手看上去像銀色的海藻一般。據說它是一頭活了千年，身藏妖力的古狼。之所以不把它分類為尾獸，是因為狼咽沒有理性，只憑本能行動。它貪婪的汲取著人類的查克拉，並賴以維生。最後由虎吞一族的祖先封印在虎吞神社裡。狼咽的弱點在背後，但弱點卻被背後長著能吸取人類查克拉的觸手保護著。
官方小說《火影忍者迅雷傳 孤狼哭泣之日》有鐵之國的詳細解說。
因為某種因緣而遭到鐵之國流放的武士。
那是個遍佈綠野，可以採到各式各樣的藥草的村子，所以也被稱為「藥之國」。那裡原本是個居住有著各個忍者一族的小型忍村，雖然不如五大國那樣交游廣闊，卻有不少零碎的委託，再加上賣藥的錢，村子可以說是過得還不錯。但後來因練成的可燃的粉末『青火粉』，在幾年前發動的中立宣言，不再當忍村的。這裡可是有著高達八十八座鳥居的美麗村子，另外在狼哭之里持有催幻劑是死罪。
是種使用催幻劑來發動幻術，更是世世代代守護狼咽封印的忍者一族。為當初贊成狼哭之里獨立的反對派。
為當時贊成狼哭之里獨立的贊成中立派。
因為是當時贊成狼哭之里獨立的贊成派，所以放出謠言中傷虎吞天魔。靠著『青火粉』所賺到的錢，早已離開的村子，並且按規定，不管熊膽一族的人身處於何處，都能拿到村子賣『青火粉』所賺到的錢。
在狼哭之里宣布獨立以來，失去工作的忍者就開始拉幫結隊的做壞事，其中以仙道地龍為首的忍者開始販賣劣質的催幻劑，更是不停的打探虎吞一族的虎打狼。最後在仙道一家家主仙道地龍發瘋後，就被迫解散的。
領導者自稱為「星影」，不同於冠上國號的五影，而是以村名自封的忍者村首領，擁有比照木葉村的暗部及運用起爆符的火槍部隊。
擅長發明忍具的忍者村，各國忍者的忍具都是由他們所供給。
只在劇場版中出現。
擅長使用名為「花忍術」當作秘傳術的忍者村，而且每位花忍所用的花都不盡相同。
鎖忍的名言－1.為了情報而生、2.一旦上了鎖的鎖鏈，死也不會打開。
為出現於動畫455集「撫子女忍者」的忍者村，是位於有兩座一大一小的高山上，分別建有一個村子，兩座高山的中間有一座巨大的木橋相連著。
這個忍者村完全是由女性所組成的忍者村，也就是說這村子的人只會生下女孩，所以這個村的村長候選人都會向村外的身手高強之人挑戰，能戰勝自己的實力超群之人，就會招贅回到「撫子村」當中，這也就是村長的命運。
只在劇場版中出現。
只在劇場版中出現，在第二次忍界大戰期間向五大國宣戰，最後連同國家一起被木葉消滅；在劇場版中復出並再次向木葉宣戰，想統一整個忍界，最後敗在鳴人手上。
一群掌握能靠著鐵製羽翼飛行天空「飛天之術」，並重視於現代化兵器攻擊的忍者。
佐助殺死大蛇丸之後拉攏其底下的三名手下進而組成一個四人小隊的組織。原本的名字是「蛇」，目的是殺死宇智波鼬，之後改名為「鷹」，因為和「曉」一樣有著毀滅木葉忍者村的目的而聯手。在五影會談後佐助與其他成員分散而事實上處於解散状態，第四次忍界大戰終局與復活的大蛇丸會合，背叛了「曉」而和忍者聯合軍聯手作戰。
由十人組成，全都是來自各忍者村的S級逃亡忍者。收集尾獸，以征服世界為目的並引發忍界大戰，受到各忍者村注意。
一群喜歡使用大型忍具，，是川之國有名的忍者一族，其族人的髮色一律為嫩竹色。名字取自于忍者风魔小太郎。
長門所操縱的培因六道中的畜生道生前即是風魔一族的忍者，曾經與自來也交手過。作為畜生道出現之後被自來也打倒，因而長門才改用另一名女性的屍體做成新畜生道。
“壳”于《博人传-火影次世代-》中首次登场。
一品紅

一品紅（学名：Euphorbia pulcherrima），又名為圣诞红、聖誕花，大戟科大戟屬植物，在聖誕節用來擺設的著名紅色花卉。大紅大綠的葉片相間，外觀色彩充滿聖誕節的應景氣氛，因而稱為聖誕紅。
那些被人認為是花朵的紅色部份其實是苞叶，而真正的花是在葉束中間的部份。被栽培的品系的葉通常會被製成橙色、淺綠色、奶油色及大理石花紋，要達到這效果，在十月至聖誕節時，它們不可以在晚上被燈光照射。即使是少量燈光照亦會阻止其開「花」。
一品紅通常高六十公分至三公尺，其深綠色的葉長約七至十六公分。其最頂層的葉是火紅色、紅色或白色的，因此經常被誤會為花朵。
聖誕紅的花朵構造奇特，花序呈聚繖花序排列，雌雄花生在同一總苞內，雌花單一位於眾多雄花的中央，有的花序只開雄花。 總苞外有一、二明顯的腺體/蜜槽，黃色，二唇裂。
一品紅原來生長於南墨西哥及中美洲，其英语俗名“波因塞特”源于第一任美国驻墨西哥大使約爾·羅伯茲·波因塞特（ Joel Roberts Poinsett）在1828年将其引进美国。
在美國通常流傳著錯誤的觀念，認為一品紅有劇毒，但只有他的汁液有毒性，有可能引起紅腫過敏反應。傳言的來源是因為大部份大戟屬植物均是帶毒性的，而且其英文名稱（Poinsettia）又與中毒（Poison）的英文字相似。
一品紅與聖誕節的關係源自16世纪时的墨西哥，当时传说有一個在聖誕夜流浪在路邊的女孩子因为太穷没有奉献给基督的礼物，她被一个天使启发收集草籽种在教堂边上，这些草突然绽放出紅色的「花朵」，即一品紅，被認為是奇蹟。
小娘惹

《小娘惹》（英語：The Little Nyonya/Noniya）是一部由新加坡新传媒電視制作播的华语电视剧，由欧萱、戚玉武、戴陽天、白薇秀、方展发、向云、黄慧、姚玟隆、林梅娇、李茵珠、林明伦、潘玲玲、许美珍、洪乙心、章縝翔、陈邦鋆、郭蕙雯领衔主演。此剧为新传媒45周年台庆剧。此劇由新加坡政府的媒體發展管理局贊助拍攝，並且使用了約兩年時間計劃和拍攝。製作期間動用了約150名員工，是新加坡電視史上一大製作。
中国大陆长信传媒于2019年买下此剧版权，并于2020年正式推出新版本的《小娘惹》。
故事從現代說起，年輕少女安淇與同學李修文從加拿大回到馬六甲探望她的祖母——月娘。月娘與她的近身侍婢阿桃眼見安淇其實是想逃避一些問題，所以就把她一生的故事告訴安琪。
月娘的一家——黃家——在30年代馬六甲當地一有名氣的峇峇娘惹商人家族。月娘的母親菊香是黃家二姨太天蘭的女兒。雖然天蘭名為二姨太，但是因為她是被黃元強姦後才被納為妾室，所以身份低微。在黃元的娘親死後，天蘭和菊香常被大婆桂花和她的一房人百般欺凌。菊香也因為在年輕時生病而變成聾啞，所以沒有反駁能力，常常被大婆桂花一房當成出氣袋般看待。
黃家素來想把家族生意擴大。眼見富商查理張可以幫助他們，黃元就希望把菊香許配給查理張。而查理張為人沉迷肉慾，狡猾至極。菊香眼見如此，就反抗逃婚。逃婚時遇見日本攝影師山本洋介，其後結婚，還生了月娘本人。
八年後，日本開始進攻南洋一帶。洋介和菊香眼見時勢不明朗，於是就嘗試離開馬來亞地區。可惜，菊香在船上卻遇到桂花和他的女兒。而桂花與她的女兒就狠心地把菊香和月娘拋進大海。其後，日本攻陷馬來亞地區，菊香與洋介卻被成為賣國賊的查理張抹黑，因而死在日軍手下。
還活著的月娘便返回她媽媽的老家。雖然黃家已經搬到英國去，但是天蘭和馬姐阿桃則被留下。在外婆的督導下，月娘便學習傳統娘惹廚藝、女紅，長大後就像她母親一般漂亮。戰後，黃家回到祖屋，也把月娘當成下人看待。
月娘的美貌引來表姐的妒嫉，也引來了有錢的峇峇頭家、出洋歸國的富少、甚至英俊瀟灑的英國軍官的垂青，但她獨愛一個「身無分文」的小司機牛仔。而牛仔卻其實是名門子弟陳家的後人陳錫，他是新加坡一個商人家族的後代。因為他的高貴身份而令到他成為包袱，於是陳錫就隱瞞自己的身份和月娘來往。他被月娘的純真、善良和堅強而感動，並且愛上她，然而二人的戀情，碰到重重阻難。在各方的壓力下，陳錫被逼娶了月娘的表姐，月娘則被賣給殺豬販劉一刀。
劉一刀雖然外表粗魯，但對事對人都非常細心。月娘不甘自己的一生任由人來擺佈，寧願結束自己的生命，都不會當劉一刀的妻子。她的剛烈反而讓劉一刀敬服，與她拜為義兄妹。最後，月娘更與劉一刀發展燕窩和西洋商品買賣生意，生活尚算安穩。但是，黃家最後因為得罪查理張而生意失敗，家財更被秀娟騙走。黃家終於落得一無所有，慘淡收場。而玉珠的結果是一個悲劇，她自從被迫嫁給羅伯張後，被當成妓女看待以至而精神失常，於精神病院渡過數年，後來產下的一名男嬰被月娘收養，月娘細心扶養祖业，慈恩跟隨母姓，叫黃祖业，月娘最終買下了被原被查封老宅，並在老宅舉辦了長桌宴，於是終於與陳錫再次重逢。
新加坡電視劇的集數通常是齊頭的，即20集、30集等等以此類推。但是，为了更详细交代故事发展，及充分展现峇峇娘惹的文化细节，《小娘惹》增加4集播出。
《小娘惹》的收視是2008年新傳媒播出的劇集內最高的，超过北京奧運的開幕禮和閉幕禮。小娘惹的收視也打破了當年新加坡廣播局（新傳媒的前身）播放的經典電視劇《霧鎖南洋》。
有评论认为，该剧中可以听到对族人的不同称谓、纷繁的族规，看到美丽的娘惹服饰、刺绣，还有独特的娘惹菜和歌舞。正如《大長今》展现韩国古文化一样，《小娘惹》展现了新馬兩國的人情风貌，这对于中国人，甚至对很多年轻的新加坡人和馬來西亞人而言都是神秘而陌生的。该剧的热播，让历史悠久的“娘惹文化”重新受到关注，新加坡和马来西亚等地甚至掀起一股“娘惹风”。亦有评论认为，该剧以娘惹文化为背景的剧集元素丰富，即有善良女子不屈不挠的奋斗史，也有大家族中女性争宠而明争暗斗的戏码，堪称一部剧就集合了早前极为热门的《大長今》和《宫心计》两部剧集的优良要素，再加上精致的峇峇娘惹文化贯穿始终，播出后收视和话题度都一路高涨。
一般峇峇娘惹是用福建話、英語或「峇峇馬來語」作交涉語言。由於新加坡法律禁止當地電子媒體播放中國方言的緣故，《小娘惹》中的角色普遍都以華語對話，有些觀眾覺得不寫實。
有觀眾認為潘玲玲和許美珍這兩位年過三十的演員出演青春少女的角色有感違和。也有觀眾認為秀娟一角的放任性格與傳統大戶人家女兒的言行舉止大有不同。但是，也有觀眾認為批評潘玲玲和許美珍兩位演員的年齡等同年齡歧視。
此外，有部分觀眾認為新傳媒偏袒歐萱，故意讓她當主角，好讓她能夠在下一屆的紅星大獎中奪得視后一獎。不僅如此，觀眾甚至認為黃菊香一角被寫為啞巴是為了隱藏歐萱的不自然發音。 但是，製片組都認為歐萱已經盡了她的所能，和以一個專業的態度工作。
也有觀眾批評老月娘和小月娘的演員選擇。也有人認為安琪和李修文兩個角色是不需要的。
潘玲玲的角色原屬潘淑卿，而向雲的角色原屬黃碧仁。戴阳天的角色原属黄俊雄。
《小娘惹》在播出前兩個月被新傳媒大力宣傳，引致觀眾認為此劇被過度宣傳。其他劇集（例如：心花朵朵開II）的演員則認為因為新傳媒為《小娘惹》大力地宣傳令到他們的劇集被冷落。
觀眾對劇內某些情節抱有不滿，尤其是劇中黃慧所在峇峇娘惹家庭所飾演的媽姐角色-阿桃被人打斷了的腳竟然在八年後還要為腳綁上繃帶。
因為劇裡眾多的峇峇娘惹角色都是心狠手辣，狡猾至極，引致某些觀眾認為此舉有抹黑峇峇娘惹文化之嫌。但是，劇集編審洪榮狄則說狡猾是每一個民族都有的，並不是峇峇娘惹民族獨有。洪榮狄還說，當時的娘惹女姓足不出戶，所以就利用空餘時間爭寵。
古典 (鸡尾酒)

古典（Old Fashioned）是一杯用搗棒混合方糖和苦精加入威士忌或者在不常见做法中加入白兰地，之后用柳橙皮卷或马拉斯奇诺樱桃点缀的鸡尾酒。传统上是用古典杯来盛裝。
它在十九世纪发展并且在1880年被命名，是一杯IBA官方鸡尾酒。 它同时也是大卫·A·恩伯里的 鸡尾酒的艺术 中的六大基本鸡尾酒之一。
第一个有记录的“鸡尾酒”一词的定义为了是响应读者关于要求在1806年5月6日发行于纽约休斯顿的 平衡和哥伦比亚存储库 上对该词进行定义的来信。于是在1806年5月13日发行的报纸的编辑写道，这是烈酒，苦酒，水和糖的烈性的混合物。当时也被称为 苦味司令 （bittered sling）。 J.E.亚历山大于1833年在纽约市遇到类似的鸡尾酒时，将其描述为朗姆酒，金酒或白兰地，大量的水，苦味和糖的混合物，不过他还将肉豆蔻的装饰包括其中。
在1860年左右，通常会将橙味甜利口酒，苦艾酒和其他利口酒添加到酒杯中。 最初被称为"古典"的鸡尾酒配方各种酒类尽管比例不同，但却重新流行起来。 据一位芝加哥酒保说，在流行的"古典"鸡尾酒中，最受欢迎的是添加威士忌的鸡尾酒，并且据1882年芝加哥日报 报道，黑麦威士忌比波旁威士忌更受欢迎。 他描述的配方和76年前烈酒，苦酒，水和糖的混合物的配方类似。
1880年2月 芝加哥每日论坛报 上首次提到 "古典鸡尾酒"。然而于1881年在肯塔基州路易斯维尔成立的绅士俱乐部潘登尼斯俱乐部却声称古典鸡尾酒是在此发明的。据说配方是由那个酒吧的酒保发明的，以纪念著名的波旁威士忌蒸馏家詹姆斯·E·佩珀上校，之后这位酒保又将配方带到纽约市的华尔道夫·阿斯托里亚酒店酒吧。
凭借其根植于这座城市历史的理念，路易斯维尔市于2015年将古典鸡尾酒分类为官方鸡尾酒。 每年在6月的前两周，路易斯维尔都会庆祝"古典双周"，其中包括波旁威士忌、特色鸡尾酒活动和总是在6月14日庆祝的国际波旁威士忌节。
乔治·卡珀勒在其1895年的著作中提供了几种最早出版的古典鸡尾酒配方。配方里有威士忌，白兰地，荷兰金酒和老汤姆金酒。威士忌的古典鸡尾酒配方指定以下内容(量杯意为2美制液態盎司（59毫公升）)
到1860年左右，如杰里·托马斯1862年的著作所说的那样，基本的鸡尾酒配方包括橙味甜利口酒或其他利口酒，于19世纪初期不同的是之前的描述中没有提及这些利口酒。芝加哥每日论坛报提到的1880年代初期的"古典"鸡尾酒也没有提及 ，他们也不存在于卡珀勒的古典鸡尾酒配方中。老式鸡尾酒配方与19世纪后期的鸡尾酒配方的不同之处主要在于制做方法，使用糖和水简单的代替甘美糖浆以及没有额外的利口酒，这些老式鸡尾酒配方实际上是按照老式方式调制的鸡尾酒。
戴维·埃姆伯里于1948年出版的一本书的配方略有变化， 具体指明了使用12份美国威士忌，1份简易糖浆，1-3滴安格斯特拉苦酒，酒体顶部加扭过的柠檬皮，并使用柠檬皮装饰。
1900年左右的另外两种配方的确切成分各不相同，但都省略了1930年以后使用的樱桃以及偶尔需要的苏打水，而橙味苦酒在19世纪后期开始流行。
原始的古典配方会使用19世纪美国的威士忌：爱尔兰威士忌，波旁威士忌或黑麦威士忌 但在某些地区尤其是威斯康星州会使用白兰地代替威士忌（因此有时被称为古典白兰地）。 最终使用其他烈酒的配方变得很普遍，例如含金酒的配方在1940年代后期开始普及。
古典的装饰物包括橙片或马拉斯奇诺樱桃或两者兼具， 尽管这些装饰物是在1930年左右发明的，最早也晚于原始配方的发明时间。 而尽管早期一些配方开始零星地使用橙皮来调味，但直到1990年代将橙子和其他水果混在一起作为装饰或调味的做法才开始盛行。
一些现代的鸡尾酒变种极大地增大了老式做法的甜度，例如通过加入血橙苏打水来制作有很多泡沫并且是草莓味的古典，或直接加入糊状的草莓来制作。
古典鸡尾酒是1960年代的 疯狂男人 电视连续剧的主角 唐·德雷珀所选择的鸡尾酒。 在2000年代，该系列鸡尾酒的使用引起了人们对这种和其他经典鸡尾酒的重新关注。
在电影 这是一个疯狂的世界 （1963）中，飞行员泰勒·菲茨杰拉德（吉姆·巴库斯）将乘客丁吉·贝尔（米奇·鲁尼）引导到飞机的机舱，以"使我们显得有些老派"。菲茨杰拉德为在飞机驾驶时应限制饮酒的建议和发现贝尔的古典太甜而恼火，于是菲茨杰拉德将飞行控制权交给了贝尔的同伴本杰明（本杰明·本杰明）并退到飞机的后部"用老式的方法来制作一些古典鸡尾酒，是我们亲爱的老爸以前制作的方式。"当本杰明问发生什么事时，菲茨杰拉德回答："古典会发生什么？"
在电视连续剧 M * A * S * H 中，角色玛格丽特·侯利汉在官兵俱乐部时经常点一个“没有水果”的古典鸡尾酒。
在电影 疯狂，愚蠢，爱情 中，古典是皮卡艺术家雅各布·帕尔默的首选鸡尾酒，并且他在酒吧和家里都会喝。
威士忌沙瓦

威士忌沙瓦，也稱為威士忌酸酒，是一种包含威士忌（通常是波本威士忌）、柠檬汁、糖浆，并且可加入一点蛋白的鸡尾酒。它是一種沙瓦，混合了基礎烈酒、柑橘汁和甜味劑。制作时可以采用加入雪克杯摇动或者冰镇原材料后混合或者加冰的做法。
帶有蛋白的变种有时也被称为波士顿沙瓦。含有几吧勺漂浮在酒杯上的热红酒变种有时也被称作纽约沙瓦。
传统的鸡尾酒装饰是一半的切片橘子和马拉斯奇诺樱桃。
威士忌沙瓦的另外一种变种是第八区，它通常使用波旁威士忌或黑麦威士忌作为基酒，同时加入了柠檬汁和橙汁以及紅石榴糖浆作为甜味剂。通常不包括有时在其他威士忌沙瓦中使用的蛋清。
在1870年威斯康星州报纸“沃基沙平原经销商”刊登了有关威士忌沙瓦的最古老的历史记载。
1962年，库约大学引用秘鲁报纸《El Comercio de Iquique》发表了一个故事，表明埃利·奥特斯塔布于1872年在伊基克发明了威士忌沙瓦。
尼格罗尼

尼格罗尼（義大利語：Negroni）是一种流行的意大利鸡尾酒，由一份金酒、一份甜红味美思和一份金巴利组成，使用的酒飾是橙子皮捲。它被认为是一种开胃酒。
制作尼格罗尼的传统方法是在加冰块的洛克杯中搅拌法混和，而不是以摇盪法，最后再以橙子片点缀。在意大利以外的地方经常会使用橙子皮捲来代替橙子片。
虽然这种饮料的起源不详，但最广泛的报道是它于1919年在意大利佛罗伦萨位于托纳布奥尼大街的 Caffè Casoni（原Caffè Giacosa）首次制作，现在叫 Caffè Roberto Cavalli。卡米洛·尼格罗尼（Camillo Negroni ）伯爵要求调酒师福斯科·斯卡塞利（Fosco Scarselli）加入金酒而不是普通的苏打水，以提高他最喜欢的美式鸡尾酒的烈度。调酒师还额外使用了橙子装饰以表明这是一种不同的鸡尾酒，而不是美式鸡尾酒典型的柠檬装饰。
在新的鸡尾酒大获成功后，尼格罗尼家族就在意大利特雷维索成立了尼格罗尼酒厂并生产一种预制的饮料，在1919年以“古老的尼格罗尼”的名义出售。 关于这杯鸡尾酒最早的报道之一来自于1947年奥森·威尔斯（Orson Welles）在罗马拍摄《卡格里奥斯特罗》（Cagliostro）时与《科肖顿论坛报》（Coshocton Tribune）的信件，他在信件中描述了一种名为尼格罗尼的新饮料：“苦精对你的肝脏很好，金酒对你的肝脏不好。它们会互相平衡。”
鸡尾酒历史学家大卫·万德瑞奇（David Wondrich）研究了关于卡米洛·尼格罗尼（Camillo Negroni）的故事，他指出尼格罗尼的伯爵身份值得怀疑，但他的祖父路易吉·尼格罗尼（Luigi Negroni）确实是个伯爵。
帕斯卡尔·奥利维尔伯爵·德·尼格罗尼将军的后人说，他就是1857年在塞内加尔发明这种饮料的尼格罗尼伯爵。1980年的一篇在《科尔斯马汀周日版》的文章说他在1914年左右发明了这种饮料。在《新罕布什尔州联盟领袖》的一篇文章报道了这一争议。
奶茶

奶茶，是一種將茶和奶（或奶精、沖泡奶粉）混合的飲料，可加以調理飲用，世界各地都可見到其蹤影，而此飲料的起源和製作方式則因各地特色有所不同。
袋泡式奶茶是一種將茶葉、糖與包裹在棉紙袋中的產品，製作過程與一般市面上常見的即溶奶茶有所不同。這種奶茶的特色在於其製作工序經過烘乾與培養，但即便如此，茶葉在保存期間內可能仍會發生發酵現象。因此，為了確保茶葉在保質期內能保持最佳風味，建議在期限內使用完畢。
為解決快速發酵的問題，通常需要依賴特殊技術來穩定茶葉的狀態，從而維持其品質與風味。這樣的技術不僅能延長產品的保存期限，也能確保消費者每次飲用時都能享受到口感與風味俱佳的奶茶。
通常由工廠大量製造並販售到各銷售店，像是便利商店、量販店、雜貨店、直營店等。 配方通常是紅茶、牛奶混合在一起，有些地方也會改成其他茶類作為代替。
成分通常也基於普通奶茶口感為主，像是生乳、茶葉、糖、水，其餘如奶粉、脂肪酸甘油酯等人工添加物。市面上的罐裝、瓶裝奶茶極多。
蒙古族、哈薩克族、柯爾克孜族、藏族等均有製作奶茶的習慣。蒙古奶茶以磚茶、牛奶（或羊奶、馬奶）、牛油煮成，加鹽調理使味道偏鹹。自2000年左右，台灣珍珠奶茶形成中國大陸，市場規模逐漸擴大大膳食纖維的食材選擇，統稱為新式茶饮。
2018年起，奶茶品牌開始採用網紅行銷策略，使得部分城市門市顧客流量不絕。有多達兩千種搭配選擇，但銷量最高的是珍珠、紅豆和布丁這幾款獨特的經典成分。。檔次，從使用紅茶粉和奶精的深色產品，到採用新鮮牛奶和現場煮製高級奶茶，甚至高端茶葉如大紅袍、龍井茶也成為一些品牌的選用。
港式奶茶是香港的茶類飲料，是普羅大眾外出用餐時最常喝的飲品之一，有調查稱香港人每日飲用超過250萬杯奶茶。香港的快餐店和茶餐廳的餐點常把奶茶作為配餐的飲料一起發售，而且不一定只配合西餐飲用，吃廣東菜或咖哩餐都可喝港式奶茶。當地飲用奶茶的習慣源於英國的下午茶，但製法有所不同，以紅茶混和濃鮮奶加糖製成，用乳量及糖份較多，冷熱飲均可。這種奶茶在澳門也十分常見。
港式奶茶又稱為「絲襪奶茶」，原因是用作過濾奶茶的棉紗濾袋經紅茶浸泡後，顏色與外觀猶如絲襪。據說以棉紗茶袋濾過的紅茶更濃郁及細滑，茶味更均勻，成為港式奶茶的特點。港式奶茶之後演化出其他茶類飲料，把港式奶茶和咖啡混和一起便成為鴛鴦，而茶走是指用港式奶茶的沖茶方法，但使用煉奶代替淡奶及白糖。
起源於台灣的珍珠奶茶，則於奶茶中內加入煮熟後外觀烏黑晶透的粉圓，遂以「珍珠」命名，另可加入布丁、椰果、仙草等各式配料，調製特殊風味。珍珠奶茶已成為台灣文化的重要象徵，台灣人甚至將每年的4月30日設為全國珍珠奶茶日。
奶茶在台灣傳統、現代的早餐店為菜單必備選項之一。
台灣傳統早餐店的奶茶通常加入奶精以及紅茶混合而成，成分可能會影響身體健康。
馬來西亞和新加坡的奶茶稱為「拉茶」，製作方法與香港奶茶差不多，唯多一道「拉」的程序，已成為講技巧的一門手藝。所謂「拉茶」即是將已煮好的奶茶由一個器皿高空倒入另一個器皿中，此過程會被重覆數次，高度的衝力被認為可以激發奶茶濃郁之香氣並使之滑潤均勻。但亦有人指這些工序欠缺衛生考量，可能對奶茶的品質構成負面影響。
早在珍珠奶茶流行之前，马来西亚部分地区就出現過在咖啡或奶茶加入沙谷米的飲用方式，只可惜並未流行起来，一直到珍珠奶茶的流行才再次有店家销售加入沙谷米的奶茶，然而沙谷米雖有價格優惠但不如粉圓清香Q彈，始終成不了主流。
傳統的英式奶茶以紅茶為基礎，只用少量牛奶，不用鮮奶油，有時亦會加糖。茶杯的體積較少，一般於早餐、下午茶或晚餐後聊天時飲用。
先用剛滾開的熱水沖泡茶葉，再將煉乳加入茶湯，通常都會再加入一種一半鮮奶，一半奶油調製成的乳品。
馬薩拉茶（印地語：मसाला चाय， 直譯「混合香料茶」）是一種以紅茶葉（ 如阿薩姆紅茶、大吉嶺紅茶 ）為主，再加入香料及藥草調味的飲品，其特色為濃郁的香味。源自於印度，目前已為世界所盛行的飲品。傳統以綠色小豆蔻莢、肉桂、丁香粉、薑及黑椒粒與紅茶葉熬煮，但現今已有茶包、沖泡粉及濃縮粉的形式。
奶茶多饮可能会伤胃，因為紅茶茶葉含有較高的單寧酸，容易刺激肠胃蠕动。大量攝取茶葉中的咖啡因，會引起尿頻、心悸及失眠等問題。全脂牛奶的營養豐富，但脂肪含量較高，不可攝取過量，天然牛奶本身含有反式脂肪酸，大量飲用會增加心血管疾病風險。市面售賣的預先包裝及杯裝奶茶飲品為了產生比加入牛奶更幼滑的口感，以及基於成本和存放的考慮，故此常以奶精代替牛奶，不但缺乏由牛奶提供的營養及礦物質，也有高脂肪問題，部分奶精因為含有氫化植物油，導致其反式脂肪酸甚至比牛奶更高。此外，手搖、瓶裝及罐裝的奶茶飲品，因為冷飲比熱飲需要加入更多糖分才可以產生相同的甜度，所以會有過量攝取糖分的問題。
因為臺灣、泰國、香港都有各自的代表性奶茶飲料，三地的社群在2020年成立了一個虛擬的政治聯盟——奶茶聯盟，並且在2020年—2022年泰國示威中走向現實，推特也為此設立專有符號，至2021年印度、緬甸的社群也參加聯盟。
瑪格麗特 (雞尾酒)

玛格丽特（英語：Margarita）是一种用龙舌兰配制的鸡尾酒，以龙舌兰、柠檬汁和君度等成分兑成的，其杯口上通常粘有一层细盐（这是因为口中有一点盐味时龙舌兰酒的酒味会更好）。在炎热的夏季适合作为餐前酒。
紅粉佳人 (雞尾酒)

红粉佳人（Pink lady）是一种粉红色的鸡尾酒，用：
用摇酒壶摇匀，倒入鸡尾酒杯中，杯沿镶一棵红樱桃。
由于加入蛋白，所以在调制时要充分摇混。 红石榴糖浆的用量決定了酒的颜色及口味。
教父 (鸡尾酒)

教父是由苏格兰威士忌（特别是烟熏威士忌） 和意大利苦杏酒混合而成的一杯鸡尾酒。 通常这杯鸡尾酒会用加冰的岩石杯来盛放。教父不算是很古老的鸡尾酒，它诞生于1970年代，即迪斯科兴起的年代。这个年代的鸡尾酒最大的特点就是都喜欢使用利口酒。
与许多鸡尾酒一样，教父的名字的来源也不确定。意大利苦杏酒厂商帝萨诺声称这是美国著名黑手黨帮派电影《教父》男主角演员马龙·白兰度最爱的鸡尾酒。 这可能是在暗示鸡尾酒中对意大利利口酒中的苦杏酒的突出使用。
帝萨诺建议将意大利苦杏酒与威士忌以1比2的比例混合（即25 ml意大利苦杏酒与50 ml威士忌）
波本威士忌经常被拿来代替苏格兰威士忌。
也有一种偏甜的教父，通过加入马拉斯奇诺（英语：Maraschino）樱桃利口酒来调整来自阿瑪雷托的苦度，之后仅仅加入几滴烟熏风味的拉加维林威士忌，最后加入阿蒙提拉多（英语：Amontillado）雪莉。
教母鸡尾酒会使用伏特加来代替威士忌，而如果想获得法国风味则可以加入一些白兰地。两者本身都是受欢迎的鸡尾酒。同样的，教子会使用奶油代替苏格兰威士忌，之后整杯鸡尾酒只剩下很少的酒精含量。
金巴利

金巴利（義大利語：Campari）是一款利口酒，起源於意大利，根据出售国家不同，其酒精浓度有多个版本，包括20.5%、21%、25%及28%。金巴利使用多种草药和水果酿制，包括厚叶橙（英语：Citrus myrtifolia）、灌木巴豆（英语：Cascarilla），其鲜红的颜色是它独特的标志，味道很苦。
金巴利的历史可以追溯到1860年，意大利人，诺瓦拉的Gaspare Campari发明了这种酒。最初的金巴利靓丽的红色来自于胭脂红——一种利用胭脂虫制作的天然染色剂。1904年，金巴利的第一家生产工厂开在米兰附近的塞斯托-聖喬凡尼。近的塞斯托-聖喬凡尼。当时，公司要求出售金巴利的酒吧都推广金巴利品牌。在Davide Campari——Gaspare的儿子的引领下，公司开始出口饮料，首先是法国尼斯，继而畅销海外。金巴利品牌现在远销全球190多个国家。在2006年，金巴利集团停止使用胭脂红着色。
在意大利市场，还有一种金巴利混合苏打水（10％的酒精度数）的饮料出售，称作金巴利苏打水。金巴利苏打水采用一种独特的瓶装，是由福尔图纳托·德佩罗（英语：Fortunato Depero）在1932年设计的。据说，金巴利一直是许多其他苦甜类饮料，如马耳他1952年的Kinnie发明的灵感之源。
金巴利最初作为餐前酒和餐后酒饮用，但是鉴于其鲜亮的色彩，现在越来越多的被用于调制多种鸡尾酒。从简单的与苏打水、葡萄酒或橙汁混合饮用，到调制大名鼎鼎的Negroni鸡尾酒、Americano鸡尾酒和Garibaldi鸡尾酒。
Sling (drink)

A sling is a drink historically made with sugar, hot or cold water, nutmeg, and a spirit such as gin, whiskey, rum, or brandy. In its modern form, it is made with gin and, varyingly, of ingredients such as sweet vermouth, lemon juice, simple syrup, Angostura bitters, and soda water. Some sources suggest the word sling comes from the German schlingen, meaning "to swallow fast". The Oxford English Dictionary says that the origin is uncertain.
The Singapore Sling is a popular gin sling originally made at the Long Bar, Raffles Hotel, Singapore. Recipes for it variously contain such ingredients as Benedictine, cherry liqueur, herbal liqueur, pineapple juice, lime juice, bitters, and club soda.
The sling is an old drink, circa 1759, originally intended to be a single-serving punch, containing sour, sweet, and alcoholic ingredients in proportions that have varied with time. The introduction of bitters was a new twist added to some versions of the drink, creating a cocktail of spirit, sugar, water, and bitters, making a drink similar to an Old Fashioned.
Milkybar

Milkybar, called Galak in Continental Europe and Latin America, is a white chocolate confection produced by Nestlé since 1936 and sold worldwide (not sold in the US, although it may be ordered online for delivery, or found in specialty candy shops). According to Nestlé, Milkybar/Galak contains no artificial colours, flavours or preservatives.
The Galak brand was launched by Nestlé (at the time Nestlé-Peter-Cailler-Kohler) amidst strong competition within the Swiss chocolate market. It was the first white chocolate brand.
Since 1961, the Milkybar Kid has been used in television advertising promoting Nestlé Milkybar. The Milkybar Kid is a blond, spectacle-wearing young child, usually dressed as a cowboy, whose catchphrase is "The Milkybars are on me!". The advertisements usually take place in a Wild West setting, and both live-action and animated ads have been produced. Until 8-year-old Hinetaapora Short of New Zealand was selected in 2010, the character had always been male. The character was created by a team led by advertising chief Mike Reynolds.
In the UK, Australia and New Zealand the advertisements were originally accompanied by a jingle extolling "the goodness that's in Milky Bar". In more recent revivals of the campaign, the jingle has been revised to refer to "the good taste that's in Milkybar".
Galak was promoted using the 1971 French animated series Oum le Dauphin Blanc ("Zoom the White Dolphin"), with its characters appearing on packaging and in commercials. In commercials, two children, Yann and Marina, and the white dolphin Oum typically overcome villains such as pirates or sharks. Nestlé terminated their use of this licence in 2003, though the likeness of Oum remained on some stocks sold in 2004, which led the series' owners to sue for royalties.
Milkybar Wowsomes, a chocolate with 30% less sugar than other Nestlé chocolates was released in 2018. The sugar content was reduced by processing sugar to be aerated and porous. According to Nestlé, as this would dissolve faster in the mouth, it would be perceived as sweet as regular Milkybar chocolate. They were released to meet consumer demand for healthier products. Wowsomes were discontinued in mid-2019 after achieving low sales. A Nestlé representative said this was as the chocolates were not as creamy as traditional Milkybar chocolate.
Milkybar Mix Ups were launched in 2019, an assortment of white chocolate buttons with a cocoa filling, and milk chocolate buttons with a cream filling. They were made using a similar production technique to Rolo chocolates, on the same production line.
In Australia and New Zealand, Milkybar does not contain any cocoa mass or cocoa butter, and is therefore not labelled as chocolate.
Milkybar is particularly popular in South Africa. The local version of Milkybar is a white chocolate-like confection made with milk powder, sugar, and vegetable fats (palm, shea nut, and illipe seed), produced by Nestlé South Africa. While listed as "white chocolate" on Nestle's website and by some retailers, Milkybar in South Africa does not contain cocoa butter, a defining ingredient in true white chocolate.
List of Oddbods episodes

Oddbods (also known as The Oddbods Show) is a Singaporean computer-animated comedy television series produced by One Animation. The series centers on seven creatures —Bubbles, Pogo, Newt, Jeff, Slick, Fuse and Zee—wearing furry suits of different colors. The characters make sounds but there is no dialogue, making the series easily translatable and international.
The series debuted in 2013, and the first season ended in 2015. Each season has 60 episodes. Season two followed in 2016. A third season was released on Netflix on April 4, 2022. Each episode is relatively short, and various formats have been broadcast, including one-, five-, and seven-minute episodes.
Long Island iced tea

The Long Island iced tea, or Long Island ice tea, is an IBA official cocktail, typically made with vodka, tequila, light rum, triple sec, gin, and a splash of cola. Despite its name, the cocktail does not typically contain iced tea, but is named for having the same amber hue as iced tea.
The drink has a much higher alcohol concentration (approximately 22 percent) than most highball drinks due to the relatively small amount of mixer.
There are two competing origin stories for the Long Island iced tea, one from Long Island, Tennessee, and one from Long Island, New York.
Robert "Rosebud" Butt claims to have invented the Long Island iced tea as an entry in a contest to create a new mixed drink with triple sec in 1972 while he worked at the Oak Beach Inn on Long Island, New York.
A slightly different drink is claimed to have been invented in the 1920s during Prohibition by an "Old Man Bishop" in a local community named Long Island in Kingsport, Tennessee. The drink was then tweaked by Ransom Bishop, Old Man Bishop's son, by adding cola, lemon, and lime. Old Man's version included whiskey, maple syrup, varied quantities of the five liquors, and no triple sec, rather than the modern one with cola and five equal portions of the five liquors. It was prepared in the following way:
It is unknown what the quantities of the original recipe were, when and how it was changed, and how and why the varied alcoholic ingredients were distilled all in the same place or otherwise acquired during Prohibition.
While some sources say there was a recipe for Long Island iced tea in the 1961 edition of Betty Crocker's New Picture Cook Book, no such recipe can actually be found there.
The cocktail is considered a favorite of university students in the United States and it has thus garnered negative connotations as "an act of mixological atrocity favored by college students and wastrels", in the words of one food critic.
The variety of spirits needed to prepare the drink means that one can prepare many other types of cocktails if they have the ingredients for a Long Island already.
The cocktail's flavor has been described as "bright and refreshing". It is easy to drink, making it "dangerously boozy".
The International Bartenders Association (IBA)'s recipe calls for equal parts vodka, tequila, white rum, cointreau, gin, 2 parts lemon juice, 1+1⁄3 syrup topped with cola. After stirring gently, the drink may also be garnished with a lemon slice. Robert Butt's recipe uses sour mix instead of lemon juice and simple syrup, and he has stated that only a small amount of Coke is used, to give color. A more complex recipe published by The New York Times differs from the IBA recipe in that it uses maple syrup instead of simple syrup, uses both lemon and lime juice, and adds salt.
However, there are many similar cocktails due to the popularity of the cocktail and the large number of ingredients that can be substituted with alternatives. Some variations include:
증류주

증류주(蒸溜酒)는 발효된 술을 다시 증류해서 만든 술로, 알코올 도수가 높다는 점이 일반적인 특징이다. 전 세계 각 나라 각 지역마다 여러 종류의 증류주가 존재한다.
술은 알코올과 물을 주성분으로 하는데 알코올의 끓는점은 약 78.325°C이며 물의 끓는점은 약 100°C이다. 따라서 술을 가열하면 알코올이 증발하게 된다. 술을 만들 때 증기를 모으고 액체를 배출하면 원래 술보다 알코올 도수가 높은 술이 만들어지는데 이것이 증류주이다. 증류주는 그대로 마시거나 원통형의 나무통 등에서 숙성시킨 후에 마신다.
위스키

위스키(영어: whisky 또는 whiskey, 문화어: 위스끼)는 맥아 및 기타 곡류를 당화 발효시킨 발효주를 증류하여 만든 술이다. 주로 보리, 옥수수, 호밀, 밀 등의 곡물이 원료가 된다. 증류 후에는 나무 통에 넣어 숙성시키는게 보통이다
동방의 증류기술이 중세 십자군 전쟁을 통해 서양에 전래되어 후에 아일랜드를 거쳐 스코틀랜드에 전파되어 위스키가 탄생한 것으로 알려져 있다. 십자군 전쟁에 참여했던 가톨릭 수사들에 의해 아랍의 증류 기술이 유럽에 전해져 증류주를 만들게 된 것이다.
오늘날 위스키의 생산지로 유명한 국가는 스코틀랜드, 아일랜드, 미국, 캐나다, 일본이며 그 외에 대만, 인도, 독일, 호주 등에서도 위스키를 생산한다. 독자적인 위스키 문화를 발달시킨 아일랜드, 미국, 캐나다를 제외한 국가는 관례적으로 스카치 위스키의 제조방식과 분류 규정을 따르는 경향이 있다.
스카치 위스키와 아이리시 위스키는 흔히 원료 곡물에 따라 몰트 위스키, 그레인 위스키, 블랜디드 위스키 등으로 분류되어 왔다. 엄밀하게는 각국의 법령이나 규정에 따라 분류된다. 스카치 위스키는 2009년의 스카치 위스키 규정(The Scotch Whisky Regulations 2009)에 따라 싱글 몰트 위스키, 싱글 그레인 위스키, 블렌디드 몰트 위스키. 블렌디드 그레인 위스키. 블렌디드 위스키의 다섯 가지로 분류된다. 아이리시 위스키는 아일랜드 농림부의 2014년 기술 규정(Department of Agriculture's 2014 technical file)에 따라 싱글 몰트 위스키, 싱글 그레인 위스키, 싱글 포트 스틸 위스키, 그레인 위스키의 네 가지로 분류된다.
아메리칸 위스키는 관습적으로 버번 위스키, 테네시 위스키 등 지명을 딴 명칭으로 분류되어 왔으며, 미합중국연방규정집(U.S. Code of Federal Regulations)에서는 라이 위스키, 라이 몰트 위스키, 몰트 위스키, 휘트 위스키. 버번 위스키. 콘 위스키로 분류한다. 버번(Bourbon)은 켄터키주 버번 카운티라는 지명에서 온 명칭이기는 하나, 현대에는 꼭 버번 카운티에서 생산된 위스키만을 가리키지는 않게 되었다. 가령 테네시 위스키도 버번 위스키의 일종으로 간주된다.
위스키(Whisky 또는 Whiskey)라는 단어는 물이라는 뜻의 고전 게일어 이시커 바허가 영어화된 것이다. 증류주는 으레 라틴어로 aqua vitae ("생명의 물")라 불리어 왔는데, 이것이 고전 게일어로 번역되어 uisce beatha ("생명의 물")가 되었다. 아일랜드에서는 uisce beatha로, 스코틀랜드에서는 uisqe beatha로 쓰이다가, 영어로 차용되어 uskebeaghe (1581), usquebaugh (1610), usquebath (1621), usquebae (1715) 순으로 변화를 겪었다.
위스키는 로마자로 Whisky로 적거나 Whiskey로 적는다. 철자에 차이가 나는 이유에 대한 추정은 크게 두 가지가 있다. 하나는 해당 지역어의 일반적인 단어 표기 관습의 영향을 받았다는 것이다. 또 하나는 위스키 제조 방식의 계보와 관계가 있다는 것이다. 위스키 브랜드의 이름은 고유명사이기 때문에 제조사가 표기한 철자에서 e를 마음대로 빼거나 첨가해서는 안 된다.
아일랜드와 미국에서는 주로 whiskey라는 표기를 사용하며 그 외의 국가에서는 대체로 whisky를 사용한다. 미국의 경우 20세기 중반까지 신문 등지에서 whisky와 whiskey를 혼용하여 왔으나, 1960년대부터 미국산 위스키를 whiskey로, 수입 위스키를 whisky로 표기하는 전통이 정착되기 시작한다. 그러나 여전히 몇몇 유명 미국 위스키 브랜드(George Dickel, Maker's Mark, Old Frester 등)와 법률규정인 증류주 식별 표준안(Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits)에서는 whisky 표기를 사용하고 있다.
스코틀랜드나 캐나다 등에서 만든 위스키는 "Whisky"라고 적는다. 그러나 아일랜드나 미국에서는 "Whiskey"라고 한다. 웨일스 지방에서는 "wysgi"라고 적는다.