davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Sociedad Catalana de Norteamérica

La Sociedad Catalana de Norteamérica (North American Catalan Society o NACS) es una asociación profesional que agrupa a los investigadores, a los estudiantes y también a toda la gente, especialmente de los Estados Unidos y del Canadá, que manifiesten un cierto interés sobre cualquier aspecto de la cultura y la lengua catalanas (literatura, lingüística, artes, historia y filosofía, entre otros ámbitos).
Fue fundada en 1978, durante el Primer Coloquio de Estudios Catalanes de América del Norte (First Colloquium of Catalan Studies in North America) que se realizó en la Universidad de Illinois en Urbana-Champaign) por Josep Roca i Pons. La NACS se dedica a fomentar y promover los estudios del catalán y de su cultura en el mundo académico norteamericano. También publica la Catalan Review: International Journal of Catalan Culture.
En 1997, el Instituto de Estudios Catalanes y el gobierno catalán otorgaron a la NACS el prestigioso Premio Ramon Llull en recompensa por su papel en la promoción de la cultura catalana a nivel internacional. En 1998 la NACS recibió la Creu de Sant Jordi (distinción otorgada por el gobierno autonómico catalán.
Su presidente actual (para 2013-2015) es Lourdes Manyé, profesora en la Universidad de Furman.
Lucía Etxebarría

Lucía María Echevarría de Asteinza (7 December 1966 in Valencia), known as Lucía Etxebarria, is a Spanish writer, winner of Premio Nadal in 1998 and Premio Planeta de Novela in 2004.
Lucía María Echevarría de Asteinza was born in Valencia in 1966, daughter of José Ignacio Echevarría Gorroño and Lucía de Asteinza Stocke, of Basque parents as their names suggests, the youngest of seven children. The Basque surname Etxebarria has no diacritics, although its Spanish version Echevarría has. Etxebarría was a typo that she liked and adopted as a nom de plume, though it is not used in all her books.
Her first book was Kurt Cobain and Courtney Love's biography: La historia de Kurt y Courtney: aguanta esto (1996). Her first novel, Amor, curiosidad, prozac y dudas (1997) received Ana María Matute's support, and situated her in the Generacion Kronen scope. The following year her second novel, Beatriz y los cuerpos celestes, won the Nadal Prize.
With De todo lo visible y lo invisible (2001) she won the Primavera Prize. With Un milagro en equilibrio, she obtained the 53rd Planeta Prize in 2004. In addition to these books and many other titles she has published poetry; her collection Actos de placer y amor won the Barcarola Poetry Prize in 2004. She has published two collections of feminist essays, and has also worked as a scriptwriter.
In 2011, Etxebarria said she would stop writing, claiming that digital redistribution of her books had made writing not worth the effort because of piracy.
She claims to have been a member of Mensa.
The following bibliography is probably incomplete. Also, note that English language editions of Etxebarria's work are not currently available, and the title translations provided below may well not correspond to titles eventually used in the English edition of these books.
As a screenwriter:
List of recipients of the Creus de Sant Jordi

List of people and institutions rewarded with the Creu de Sant Jordi Award, the second-highest civil distinction awarded in Catalonia (Spain).
(1981, although granted in early 1982)
Only one person was awarded
The delivery of the Creu de Sant Jordi Award 2018 were suspended due to the application of article 155 of the Spanish Constitution and the lack of government of the Generalitat. On May 12 of the same year, the government of the exile of Carles Puigdemont proposed the following candidates to receive the Sant Jordi cross 2018. The awards were ratified in July.
BCN Film Fest

The Barcelona-Sant Jordi International Film Festival or simply BCN Film Fest is a film festival held annually in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It takes place around April.
The first festival edition took off on 21 April 2017 at Barcelona's Cines Verdi [es]. The first two editions were directed by José María Aresté [ca]. In November 2018, RNE journalist Conxita Casanovas became the festival's artistic director. For the 4th edition in 2020, in the wake of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the traditional April date of the festival was rescheduled to 25 June – 2 July.
Ralaghan Idol

The Ralaghan idol, also known as the "Ralaghan figure", is a late Bronze Age anthropomorphic, carved wooden figure found in a bog in the townland of Ralaghan, County Cavan, Ireland. It is held by the National Museum of Ireland.
A sample of wood from the figure yielded a radiocarbon date (OxA–1719) of 1096–906 cal. BCE.
The figure was found during turf cutting, by a farmer named Thomas Halfpenny, aka Mr. Halpin, in a small peat bog close to the townland boundary between Ralaghan and Crossmakeelan, in the civil parish of Shercock, County Cavan, Ireland. Its discovery was announced in 1930 in the journal Antiquity by Adolf Mahr, keeper of Irish Antiquities in the National Museum in Dublin. Mahr reported that the figure was found face down "under 3 to 4 feet of peat" in an area of bog that had been "reclaimed since". No associated archaeological structures were reported, and Mahr reported that no other finds were retrieved from the bog.
The figure is 113.5 cm long and made from yew (Taxus baccata), a toxic wood with multiple folkloric associations. It is carved from a complete roundwood stem. It has a carved head and neck, a long torso with no arms, breasts or navel, a well defined pubic area and a pair of slightly bent legs that end in feet. The base of the figure ends in a spike and it initially fitted into "a socket cut in a square block-shaped pedestal, about a square foot in area" which Mahr reported "is now lost".
The figure is covered in cracks, and has strongly incised facial features. The left eye is slightly higher than the right, with the nose off-centre and possible damage to the left of the face. The pubic area features a gouged hole (initially reported as drilled) placed within a well defined pubic triangle. An examination of the figure by Bryony Coles published in 1990, determined that the hole widens within the body of the figure and that it contained a small patch of white granular material, possibly quartz.
Mahr initially determined that the pubic hole was "obviously intended for the insertion of a male organ". The idea that the figure originally featured a separate insertable phallus made of wood or some other material has been suggested by several scholars. Others have argued that the figure might be female or deliberately gender ambiguous. Coles has suggested that the pubic hole could have been a "hole for intercourse or giving birth", for the insertion of a separate phallus, or that the figure may have been "deliberately intended to be ambiguous, male in one context and female in another". Similarly, Miranda Aldhouse-Green has argued that the figure may reflect "deliberate ambiguity and double-meaning". The figure is one of several prehistoric wooden figures with both male and female sexual characteristics or whose intended gender is unclear. These include the Dagenham idol, the "God Dolly", and the Roos Carr figures.
Ě

The grapheme Ě, ě (E with caron) is used in the Czech and the Sorbian alphabets and in Pinyin, in Javanese, in Sundanese and in Proto-Slavic notation.
The letter ě is a vestige of Old-Czech palatalization. The originally-palatalizing phoneme, yat /ě/ [ʲɛ], became extinct and changed to [ɛ] or [jɛ], but it is preserved as a grapheme.
The letter never appears in the initial position, and its pronunciation depends on the preceding consonant:
The grapheme is sometimes used in Serbo-Croatian to denote a jat (něsam, věra, lěpo, pověst, tělo). It is pronounced in different ways depending on the dialect: Ekavian (nesam, vera, lepo, povest, telo), Ikavian (nisam, vira, lipo, povist, tilo) or Ijekavian (nijesam, vjera, lijepo, povijest, tijelo). Historically its use was very widespread, but it gradually lost favour to combined j and e graphemes and was eventually dropped from the Gaj's Latin alphabet. It is found only in scientific and historically-accurate literature.
Pinyin uses this ě (e caron), not the e breve (ĕ), to indicate the third tone of Mandarin Chinese.
Javanese uses ě (e caron), to indicate pěpět (schwa) ⟨ə⟩.
Like in Javanese, ě (e caron) in Sundanese also indicates pěpět (schwa) ⟨ə⟩.
Baby jumping

Baby jumping (Spanish: El Colacho) is a traditional Spanish festival dating back to 1620. It takes place annually to celebrate the Catholic feast of Corpus Christi in Castrillo de Murcia, a village in the municipality of Sasamón in the province of Burgos.
During the act, known as El Salto del Colacho (the devil jump) or simply El Colacho, men dressed as the Devil (known as the Colacho) in red and yellow suits jump over babies born during the previous twelve months who lie on mattresses in the street. The "devils" hold whips and oversized castanets as they jump over the infant children. Before the jump begins, the devils taunt onlookers until "atabalero" drummers arrive. These pious men signal the beginning of the jump, which represents the devils being driven out and on their way. They jump over the babies, absorbing their sins, taking such sins with them.
The Brotherhood of the Blessed Sacrament of Minerva [es] organizes the week-long festivities, which culminate on Sunday when the Colacho jumps over the babies on the mattresses placed on the procession route traversing the town.
The tradition's origins are unknown, but it is said to eliminate the babies original sin, ensuring them safe passage through life and guarding against illness and evil spirits. Pope Benedict XVI asked Spanish priests to distance themselves from El Colacho, as the Church teaches that the original sin is cleansed by baptism.
As an unrelated Christmas tradition, El Colacho (short for Nicolacho or Saint Nicholas) is Costa Rica's version of Santa Claus.
San Sebastián International Film Festival

The San Sebastián International Film Festival (abbr. SSIFF; Spanish: Festival Internacional de San Sebastián, Basque: Donostia Zinemaldia) is an annual FIAPF A category film festival held in the Spanish city of Donostia-San Sebastián in September, in the Basque Country.
Since its creation in 1953 it has established itself as one of the 14 "A" category competitive festivals accredited by the FIAPF, of which it has one of the lowest budgets. It has hosted several important events of the history of cinema, such as the international premieres of Vertigo, by Alfred Hitchcock (who attended the Festival) and the European premiere of Star Wars. It was the first festival attended by Roman Polanski and has helped advance the professional careers of filmmakers such as Francis Ford Coppola, Bong Joon-ho and Pedro Almodóvar.
José Luis Rebordinos has served as the director of the festival since 2011.
The festival was founded on September 21, 1953. Non-Spanish language films became eligible for consideration in 1955, when the festival was specialized in color films. It has been acknowledged by the FIAPF as an A category festival since 1957, with the exception of the 1980–1984 period, when no major awards were given.
SSIFF has hosted the European premiere of Star Wars, the international premiere of Vertigo, presented by Alfred Hitchcock and Roman Polanski's first attendance at a film festival.
These are the main sections of the festival:
An international jury evaluates the films in the Official Selection and awards the following prizes:
Former awards include:
The following are the main awards for films in the parallel sections:
Royal Square (Barcelona)

The Royal Square (in Spanish: Plaza Real; in Catalan: Plaça Reial) is a square in the Barri Gòtic of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is close to La Rambla, and is a popular tourist attraction, especially at night. The plaza hosts many restaurants and some of the city's most famous nightclubs, including Sidecar, Jamboree, Karma and the historic and reinvented speakeasy cocktail bar Nou Pipa Club. The square is the site of the Hotel Roma Reial and is also known for its many outdoor venues. It is a popular meeting place in the summer, during the annual La Mercè festival in September when open-air concerts take place, and during other celebrations such as New Year's Eve.
The original building on the site was the Capuchin convent of Santa Madrona, which was demolished in 1835. Royal Square was then designed by Francesc Daniel Molina i Casamajó later in the 19th century. The square is twinned with Plaza Garibaldi, in Mexico City.
The square's lampposts were designed by the Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí.
41°22′48″N 2°10′30″E﻿ / ﻿41.380°N 2.175°E﻿ / 41.380; 2.175
Malika Favre

Malika Favre (born 14 December 1982) is a French illustrator and graphic artist based in Barcelona. Her style of works could be characterized by pure minimalism within Pop art and Op art, where it sometimes described as 'Pop Art meets Op Art'. She combines simple illustrations with geometric patterns and has developed a unique style of illustration by using positive and negative space and colours, elegant layouts, especially of the female body and its curves.
Malika Favre was born on 14 December 1982 in the Paris region, France, and grew up there. Her mother was a painter. After high school Favre went to a science prep school because she thought that she wanted to become a quantic engineer. But later decided to enroll in École nationale supérieure des arts appliqués et des métiers d'art, which is often known as Olivier de Serres. She graduated from Olivier de Serres, and moved to London, to study illustration at Surrey Institute of Art & Design, University College in Farnham.
Favre did an internship for three months at Airside, a British design studio which closed in 2012. In 2006, she started work as an Art Director at Airside, which led to collaborations with numerous high-profile magazines and clients including wallpaper and The Sunday Times. She also worked for UNIT9 in 2006. In 2011 she left Airside to set herself up as an independent illustrator.
Favre is an independent illustrator and has worked on a variety of projects spanning editorial, advertising and publishing. Her unique graphics style, mixing Pop and Op art, is featured by companies such as Sephora, Le Bon Marché, Penguin Books, and newspapers such as Vogue, The New York Times, The New Yorker, The Sunday Times, and Vanity Fair.
In 2021, Favre illustrated the poster for Barcelona's annual La Mercè festival.
Cursa de la Mercè

Cursa de la Mercè (Mercè Race) is a public athletic race with free registration that is held annually in the streets of Barcelona since 1979. It is organized by the City Council of Barcelona.
The race is held on the morning of Sunday of the second half of September, forming part of the La Mercè festival. Its current route runs through the most central streets of Barcelona, with exit and arrival to Avenida de Maria Cristina, between the Plaza España and the Montjuïc mountain. During its history, it has had many variations of distance, between 8 and 11 kilometers. The athletes who have won most times are Joan Viudez, on four occasions, and Núria Pastor Amorós, on seven occasions.
Inteko y'ururimi n'umuco

Inteko nyarwanda y'ururimi n'umuco ni inteko yashyizweho n'igihugu kubufatanye n'abaturage mu rwego
rwo gusigasira umuco nyarwanda nyuma yo kugaragara ko umuco ukomeje gukendera mu Rwanda.
Inteko Nyarwanda y'umuco n'ururimi (Rwanda Culture Heritage Autority, RCHA) Iratangaza ko harimo kwigwa uko umuganura wahuzwa n'imihogo ya burimwaka, kugirango umuganura urusheho kwaguka, kudakendera ndetse no guhuza abanyarwanda nkuko byahoze kera na mbere.
Ubusanzwe umuganura n' Inzira yatangiraga muri kanama, umwami na rubanda rwe bishimira ibyagezweho akabaha imbuto, zo kubiba, abajya ku mirimo bakayitangira kandi bameze nk'abahiganwa kuzabona umusaruro mwiza bazongera kumurikira umwami muwundi mwaka.
Uwiringiyimana atangazako kuri ubu abayobozi n'abaturage basigaye bagira imihigo, imurikirwa umukuru w'igihugu, kandi umusaruro wose babonye mugihe cyose kinga n'umwaka, bakawishimira, abakoze neza bagashimwa, ndetse n'abakoze nabi bakagawa, ndetse bakagirwa n'inama zibyo bashyiramo imbaraga mu mwaka utaha.
Raouf J Jacob

Raouf J. Jacob (wavutse 1988 muri Siyera Lewone, Afurika y'Iburengerazuba), ni umukinnyi wa firime, producer akaba n'umuyobozi wa firime. Jacob azwi cyane kubera filime nyinshi yatsindiye ibihembo muri filime za Siyera Lewone: A Culture of Silence. Ni n'Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa & Rurema akaba n'uwashinze sitidiyo / filime za Worldwide Cinema Frames LLC hamwe na Global Cinema Film Festival ya Boston (GCFF) yashinze mu 2006.
Mu 2005, yakoze filime CRY, America, yakoze ubushakashatsi ku byago bibabaje no gukurikira . Yakoze kandi urukurikirane a Blind World. . Uruhererekane rwasesenguye Umunyagitugu w’Abanazi Adolf Hitler ' Igisubizo cya nyuma cy’ikibazo cy’Abayahudi ', Jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo mu 1994, itsembabwoko rya Darfur muri Sudani, itotezwa ry’umuryango wa Baha'i muri Irani ndetse n’ingoma y’uwahoze ari intwazangabo Pablo Escobar muri Kolombiya.
Muri 2014, Jacob yashyize ahagaragara film documentaire : A Culture of Silence Yabaye umuyobozi, umwanditsi, producer, umukinnyi wa cinemateri, umwanditsi hamwe nivanga amajwi ya firime. Iyi filime yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi, harimo Filime nziza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya New York City 2014, iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Boston 2014, ndetse n’iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Roxbury 2014. Iyi filime kandi yerekanwe ku Isoko rya Filime rya Cannes 2014 (Marché du film de Cannes), Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Afurika rya Silicon n'ibindi!
Amasunzu

Amasunzu ni imisatsi idasasanzwe yo mu Rwanda yahoze yambarwa n'abagabo, ndetse n'abagore batashyingiranywe kugira ngo berekane abashobora kurega ko ari ingaragu kandi bafite imyaka yo gushyingirwa,hamwe numusatsi wanditswe muri crets, ukunze gusobanurwa nka crescent. Imisatsi yerekanaga imibereho, Kandi abagabo batambaraga Amasunzu barebwaga bakekwa kugeza mu kinyejana cya 20. Imiterere nayo yambarwa nabagore batashyingiranywe nyuma yimyaka 18 – imyaka 20, byerekana ko bafite imyaka yo gushyingirwa.
Mubihe byashize, Abantu bo mu Rwanda bambaye amasunzu muburyo burenga 30 butandukanye. Byari kwerekana ubuntu nubwiza muri kiriya gihe.
Iyi misatsi idasanzwe ya Amasunzu yerekanaga uruhare rutandukanye mubyiciro mubuzima bwabagore nabagabo. Iyo abarwanyi bambaraga, ni ikimenyetso cyimbaraga nubutwari. Yambarwa nabagore,batarashyingirwa cyangwa ikaranga ubusugi. Umukobwa ukiri muto yarambaraga mbere yo gushaka. Iyo umukobwa amaze gushyingirwa, yahindura imisatsi ye kugirango ukure mubwisanzure ( gutega urugori ), Bisobanura ko yashakanye kandi azerekana kubaha umugabo we ndetse n'abana babo.
Ibi byafatwaga nkuburyo bwo gutunganya umubiri, kuko ikinyabupfura cyu Rwanda ubusanzwe gishingiye kumiterere yumubiri. Byongeye kandi, kwambara imisatsi yerekana ibyiciro; yatanzwe n'abayobozi bakomeye, abanyacyubahiro n'abakire.https://historydaily.org/amasunzu-hairstyle
https://thisisafrica.me/arts-and-culture/amasunzu-hairstyle-rwanda/
https://rarehistoricalphotos.com/amasunzu-rwandan-hairstyle-photos
https://thisisafrica.me/arts-and-culture/amasunzu-hairstyle-rwanda/
https://web.archive.org/web/20220726214108/https://historydaily.org/amasunzu-hairstyle
Kotsa ibigori

Ukotsa ibigori ni uburyo bwo guteka ibigori bikiri bibisi cyangwa byumye, bikabanza gushyirwa ku muriro cyangwa mu zindi mashini zikoreshwa mu guteka. Uburyo bwo kubitekera butandukanye bitewe n'umuco, uburyo buboneka bwo guteka, n'icyo umuntu ashaka kugeraho mu birungo n'ibiryo bimwe bikunze gukenerwa.
Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha mu gukotsa ibigori, burimo:
Gukoresha umuriro w’amakara – Ibigori bishyirwa ku ziko ry’amakara bikabanza gutekwa gahoro kugira ngo bitashya.
Gukoresha ifuru – Ibigori bishyirwa muri furu (four) bikamaramo iminota hagati ya 15 na 30 bitewe n'ubushyuhe.
Gukoresha gaz – Hari amashyiga akoresha gaz ashobora gukoreshwa mu gukaranga cyangwa gukaranga ibigori bikotsa.
Gukoresha ibyuma bikoreshwa mu gikonje cyangwa amashanyarazi – Hariho ibyuma bigezweho bituma ibigori bitekwa neza bidataye umwimerere wabyo.
Mu Rwanda no mu bihugu byo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, ibigori byokeje bikunze kugurishwa ku mihanda n’abacuruzi bato, bikaba ibiribwa bikunzwe cyane n’abagenzi.
Ibigori by'umuhondo

ibigori by'umuhondo n'ibigori byibara ry'umuhondo bikungahaye kurivitamine A,B,na E bitewe nigihe bimaze bihingwa bigenda bicica arikona nanone simuribose ahubwo abakunda gushaka amafaranga badashaka ibivangiwe nibobabica kuko bivangira ibindi.
ibigori byumuhondo bikungahaye kurivitamine B ariyo ifitemo vitamine zigaburira ubwonko bigatuma bukoraneza.ikindi ibigori bituma umubiri ugirimbaraga murimake biterimbaraga.birindanindwara nka kanceri nizindi nyinshi
ikindi kandi ibigoribyumuhondo bituma ababyeyi barera abanababo neza kuko usanga abana babikundirako biryoha kurusha ibyumweru btyo bigatuma bitarambirana mukubifungura
ibigori byumuhondo byera hafiyahose murwanda.ibibigori bihingwa mubutaka bufite ifumbire , kandi bufite amazi kuko bikunda amazi cyane.
isuyemubutaka bisaba kubyuhira cyangwase kubibagarira.
Igishanga cya Kilimbi

Ni igishanga kiri mu Mudugudu wa Gatyazo, Akagari ka Rugali mu Murenge wa Macuba mu Karere ka Nyamasheke, aha niho hatangijwe igihembwe cya kabiri cy’ihinga cy’umwaka wa 2012-2013 batangira batera ibigori mu materasi ari ku misozi ikikije umugezi wa Kilimbi. Aya materasi ari guterwaho ibigori yaciwe mu mirima y’abaturage ku nkunga y’umushinga wa Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi ushinzwe gutunganya ibishanga no kubibungabunga. Uyu mushinga ukorera mu Mirenge ya Macuba na Kilimbi hagamijwe gutunganya.Muri iki gihembwe ahatoranyijwe hazahingwa ibigori muri aka karere hangana na hegitari 2500, bikaba biteganyijwe ko kubiba bizarangirana.
Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga neza iki gishanga babanje gukora amaterasi ku misozi imenera amazi muri iki gishanga, ibi bikaba byarafashije abaturage gutunganya imirima yabo bityo bikazabafasha no kongera umusaruro. Abakorewe aya materasi kuyitaho bakayabyaza umusaruro kandi bakayafata neza kugira ngo atangirika, kuko ari ku misozi ihanamye bagateraho urubingo. Aya materasi ari guterwaho ibigori yaciwe mu mirima y’abaturage ku nkunga y’umushinga wa Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi ushinzwe gutunganya ibishanga no kubibungabunga. Uyu mushinga ukorera mu Mirenge ya Macuba na Kilimbi hagamijwe gutunganya igishanga cya Kilimbi
Charcoal lighter fluid

Charcoal lighter fluid is a flammable fluid used to accelerate the ignition of charcoal in a barbecue grill. It can either be petroleum based (e.g., mineral spirits) or alcohol based (usually methanol or ethanol). It can be used both with lump charcoal and briquettes. Lighter-fluid-infused briquettes that eliminate the need for separate application of lighter fluid are available. The use of lighter fluid is somewhat controversial as the substance is combustible, harmful or fatal if swallowed, and may impart an unpleasant flavor to food cooked upon fires lit with it.
The sale of petroleum-based charcoal lighter fluid is regulated in some jurisdictions due to its potential to cause photochemical smog through evaporation of its volatile organic compounds. The South Coast Air Quality Management District requires that all charcoal lighter fluids sold in its jurisdiction (essentially Southern California) meet the air quality standards set forth in District Rule 1174. Common substitutes to aid in the starting of charcoal fires are chimney and electric fire starters.
In former Soviet countries, the alcohol-based lighter fluid is sometimes consumed as a surrogate alcohol among very poor alcoholics because of its cheap price compared to vodka, just as it is with Troynoy Eau de Cologne. Lighter fluid is poisonous and should never be consumed.
Charcoal lighter fluid, known as LF-1, was used in the Pratt & Whitney J57 engine, which powered the Lockheed U-2 aircraft. With an additive to improve thermal oxidative stability, it was covered by a military specification and known as Thermally Stable Jet Fuel, JPTS.
बोईसर रेल्वे स्थानक

बोईसर हे मुंबई उपनगरी रेल्वेच्या पश्चिम रेल्वे मार्गावरील मोठे रेल्वेस्थानक आहे. येथे सगळ्या लोकलगाड्या आणि अनेक लांब पल्ल्याच्या गाड्या थांबतात. तसेच येथून वसईकडे जाणाऱ्या डीझेल मेमू गाड्या निघतात.
उमरोळी रेल्वे स्थानक

उमरोळी हे मुंबई उपनगरी रेल्वेच्या पश्चिम रेल्वे मार्गावरील रेल्वेस्थानक आहे. येथे सगळ्या उपनगरी गाड्या थांबतात. लांब पल्ल्याच्या गाड्या येथे थांबत नाहीत.
केळवे रोड रेल्वे स्थानक

केळवे रोड हे मुंबई उपनगरी रेल्वेच्या पश्चिम रेल्वे मार्गावरील रेल्वेस्थानक आहे. येथे सगळ्या लोकलगाड्या थांबतात.
दौंड जंक्शन रेल्वे स्थानक

दौंड जंक्शन हे पुणे जिल्ह्याच्या दौंड शहरामधील प्रमुख रेल्वे स्थानक आहे. मुंबई-पुणे-वाडी ह्या मुख्य मार्गावर असलेल्या दौंडमधून मनमाडकडे जाणारा फाटा फुटतो. ह्यामुळे पुण्याहून उत्तर व दक्षिणेकडील प्रमुख शहरांकडे जाणाऱ्या गाड्या दौंडमधूनच धावतात. पुणे उपनगरी रेल्वे सेवा दौंडपर्यंत चालवण्याची मागणी गेले अनेक वर्षे स्थानिक प्रवाशांकडून केली जात आहे.
पुण्याहून मनमाडच्या दिशेने जाणा-या गाड्यांसाठी २०२० मध्ये हे रेल्वेस्थानक बांधण्यात आले आहे. या स्थानकाच्या निर्मितीपूर्वी पुण्याहून मनमाडकडे जाणा-या गाड्यांना दौंड जंक्शनमध्ये इंजिनची दिशा बदलण्यासाठी (सोलापूरकडून मनमाडकडे) ३० ते ४५ मिनिटे वेळ लागत असे. हा वेळ वाचवण्यासाठी पुणे - दौंड रेल्वेलाईन आणि दौंड - मनमाड रेल्वेलाईन यांना जोडणारी एक बायपास रेल्वेलाईन तयार करण्यात आली. आता पुण्याहून मनमाडच्या दिशेने जाणा-या गाड्या दौंड जंक्शनमध्ये न जाता थेट या बायपास रेल्वेलाईनवर बांधण्यात आलेल्या नवीन रेल्वे स्थानकामध्ये येतात आणि फक्त २-३ मिनिटे थांबून पुढे मार्गस्थ होतात.
चंदौली जिल्हा

हा लेख चंदौली जिल्ह्याविषयी आहे. चंदौली शहराविषयीचा लेख येथे आहे.
चंदौली जिल्हा हा भारताच्या उत्तर प्रदेश राज्यातील एक जिल्हा आहे.
याचे प्रशासकीय केंद्र चंदौली येथे आहे. पंडित दीनदयाळ उपाध्याय जंक्शन हे मुघलसराई येथील प्रमुख रेल्वेस्थानक आहे.
वैतरणा रेल्वे स्थानक

वैतरणा हे मुंबई उपनगरी रेल्वेच्या पश्चिम रेल्वे मार्गावरील रेल्वेस्थानक आहे. येथे सगळ्या लोकलगाड्या थांबतात. हे स्थानक वैतरणा नदीच्या काठावर आहे.
देवगड किल्ला

देवगड किल्ला हा भारताच्या महाराष्ट्र राज्यातील एक किल्ला आहे.
महाराष्ट्राच्या पश्चिम किनारपट्टीवर, रत्‍नागिरी जिल्ह्यात सिंधुदुर्ग जिल्ह्याच्या सीमेवर वसलेला देवगड किल्ला हा एक ऐतिहासिक किल्ला आहे. हा किल्ला देवगड खाडी आणि अरबी समुद्राच्या संगमावर असलेल्या एका टेकडीवर बांधण्यात आला आहे. त्याच्या तीन बाजूंनी समुद्र आहे आणि दक्षिणेकडे तो जमिनीशी जोडलेला आहे. देवगड किल्ल्याच्या इतिहासाचा कालखंड रोमांचकारी आहे, त्यात युद्ध, पराक्रम आणि वारसा यांची गुंफण आहे.
देवगड किल्ला हा केवळ एक ऐतिहासिक स्मारक नसून तो मराठा साम्राज्याच्या शौर्याचे आणि पराक्रमाचे प्रतीक आहे. हा किल्ला आपल्याला आपल्या इतिहास आणि वारसाबद्दल जाणीव करून देतो.
मुंबई व पुण्यावरून देवगड येथे जायला रेल्वे व बस असे दोन्ही पर्याय उपलब्ध आहेत. देवगड मुंबईपासून ५०० किलोमीटर अंतरावर आहे. मुंबई-गोवा महामार्गावरील नांदगाव तिठ्यावरून उजवीकडे ४० किलोमीटर अंतरावर किल्ला आहे. कणकवली हे देवगड येथून जवळ असलेले रेल्वेस्थानक आहे.
देवगड किल्ल्यातील गणपती मंदिर, देवगड किल्ल्याची तटबंदी, देवगड किल्ल्यावरील पडके बांधकाम
नाही
नाही
नाही
एव्हॉन (कॉलोराडो)

एव्हॉन हे अमेरिकेच्या कॉलोराडो राज्यातील छोटे शहर आहे. ईगल काउंटीतील या शहराची लोकसंख्या २०१० च्या जनगणनेनुसार ६,४४७ इतकी होती. येथून दोन मैल (तीन किमी) अंतरावर बीव्हर क्रीक स्की रिसॉर्ट आहे.
इ.स. १८८९मध्ये येथे एव्हिन या नावाने रेल्वेस्थानक उभारण्यात आले होते. कालांतराने त्याचे नाव एव्हॉन करण्यात आले. ऑगस्ट इ.स. १९७८मध्ये या शहराची विधिवत स्थापना केली गेली.
ओंकारेश्वर मंदिर

ॐकारेश्वर एक हिंदू मंदिर आहे. हे मध्य प्रदेशच्या खांडवा जिल्ह्यात आहे. हे नर्मदा नदीमध्ये मंधाता अथवा शिवपुरी नामक बेटावर वसलेले आहे. हे भगवान शंकराच्याच्या बारा ज्योतिर्लिंगांपैकी एक आहे. हे मोरटक्का गावापासून जवळपास १२ मैल (२० कि.मी.) अंतरावर आहे. हे द्वीप हिन्दू पवित्र चिन्ह ॐच्या आकारामध्ये बनले आहे. येथे दोन मंदिरे आहेत.
ॐकारेश्वराचा डोंगर नर्मदा नदीकाठी असून त्याचा आकारच ॐ सारखा आहे. नर्मदा भारतातली पवित्र समजली जाणारी नदी आहे. ॐकारेश्वर येथे एकूण ६८ तीर्थ आहेत. याशिवाय २ ज्योतिस्वरूप लिंगांसहित १०८ प्रभावशाली शिवलिंगे आहेत. मध्यप्रदेशात प्रसिद्ध १२ ज्योतिर्लिंगांपैकी २ ज्योतिर्लिंगे आहेत. एक महाकाल नावाचे उज्जैन मध्ये, व दुसरे अमलेश्वर नावाचे ओंकारेश्वर येथे आहे.
देवी अहिल्याबाई होळकर यांच्या काळापासून येथे एका विशिष्ट दिवशी मातीची १८ हजार शिवलिंगे तयार करून, पूजा केल्यानंतर त्यांचे नर्मदेत विसर्जित करण्याची प्रथा आहे..
राजा मांधाताने येथे नर्मदा किनाऱ्यालगतच्या पर्वतावर तपस्या करून भगवान शिवाला प्रसन्न केले आणि त्याच्याकडून येथेच निवास करण्याचे वरदान मागून घेतले. तेव्हा पासून ही तीर्थ नगरी ओंकार-मान्धाता या नावानेही ओळखली जाऊ लागली.
ओंकारेश्वर तीर्थ क्षेत्रामध्ये चोवीस अवतार, माता घाट (सेलानी), सीता वाटिका, धावड़ी कुंड, मार्कण्डेय शिला, मार्कण्डेय संन्यास आश्रम, अन्नपूर्णाश्रम, विज्ञान शाला, बड़े हनुमान, खेड़ापति हनुमान, ओंकार मठ, माता आनंदमयी आश्रम, ऋणमुक्तेश्वर महादेव, गायत्री माता मंदिर, सिद्धनाथ गौरी सोमनाथ, आड़े हनुमान, माता वैष्णोदेवी मंदिर, चॉंद-सूरज दरवाजे, वीरखला, विष्णू मंदिर, ब्रह्मेश्वर मंदिर, शेगावचे गजानन महाराज यांचे मंदिर, काशी विश्वनाथ, नरसिंह टेकडी, कुबेरेश्वर महादेव, चन्द्रमोलेश्वर महादेवाचे मंदिरसुद्धा वगैरे देवळे आहेत.
तुम्ही उज्जैन हूून इंदोर मार्गे ओंकारेश्वरला बसने पोहचू शकता. उज्जैन किंवा इंदोर हुन रेल्वे उपलब्ध नाही.
साचा:ज्योतिर्लिंग
हिंदू कॉलनी

हिंदू कॉलनी हे भारतातील मुंबई शहराच्या दादर भागात वसलेला एक जुना परिसर आहे. हा परिसर मध्य रेल्वे मार्गाच्या पूर्वेकडील दादर आणि माटुंगा दरम्यान आहे. पारंपारिकपणे, हा परिसर महाराष्ट्रीय, कॅथोलिक, यहुदी आणि गुजराती लोकांचा परिसर होता. याचबरोबर अनेक मराठी लोकही येथे रहात असत. येथील इमारती स्वातंत्र्यपूर्व काळात प्रचलित शैलीतील आहेत. येथे ब्रिटिश शैलीतील इमारती आणि व्हिक्टोरियन आर्किटेक्चरची झलक अजूनही पाहिली जाऊ शकते. विसाव्या शतकाच्या उत्तरार्धात आणि एकविसाव्या शतकात झालेल्या पुनर्विकासाने या परिसराचे रूप बदलले आहे.
कॉलनी दादर टीटी सर्कलपासून विशेषतः टिळक पुलाच्या पूर्व टोकापासून (जे दादर पूर्व आणि पश्चिम जोडेल) रुईया महाविद्यालयापर्यंत पसरली आहे. वसाहत विशेषतः लेनम्हणून ओळखल्या जाणाऱ्या रस्त्यांसह डिझाइन केलेले आहे, एकूण ६. दादर टी.टी. सर्कल एक रहदारी अभिसरण क्षेत्र आहे, आणि एक महत्त्वाचे जंक्शन तसेच एक महत्त्वाचे चिन्ह आहे. टी.टी. हा शब्द ब्रिटिश कालखंडात असलेल्या ट्राम टर्मिनसपासून उद्भवला. महत्त्वाचे दादर रेल्वेस्थानक ५-१० मिनिटांच्या अंतरावर आहे, तसेच पूर्वेकडील एक्सप्रेस हायवे (डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकर रोड) आहे.
१९३० च्या दशकात बाबासाहेब आंबेडकर यांचे घर, राजगृह हे या भागात आहे. मुंबई दहशतवादविरोधी पथकाचे प्रमुख हेमंत करकरे हे कॉलनीत राहत होते. २००८ च्या मुंबई हल्ल्यात त्याचा मृत्यू झाल्यानंतर त्यांची पत्नी येथेच राहिली. क्रिकेट खेळाडू सुनील गावस्कर हिंदू कॉलनीतील रहिवासी होते. सुनील वेंगसरकर हा एक क्रिकेट खेळाडूही हिंदू कॉलनीत राहत होता. हिंदू कॉलनीमध्ये शिक्षण, वित्त व क्रीडा क्षेत्रातील अनेक उद्योजक, डॉक्टर आणि नामवंत व्यक्ती आहेत.
डॉ. नंदाकिशोर लॉड यांना पद्मभूषण पुरस्कार आणि हिंदू कॉलनी येथील दोन डॉक्टर डॉ. हरीश भेंडे यांनी पंतप्रधानांचे दिवंगत श्री. ऑर्थोपेडिक शस्त्रक्रिया केली. अटलबिहारी वाजपेयी. वसाहत रामनारायण रुईया कला व विज्ञान महाविद्यालयाच्या अगदी जवळ आहे, आणि पोद्दार कॉलेज ऑफ कॉमर्स जे आणखी एक प्रतिष्ठित महाविद्यालय आहे. या कॉलनीतील लोक भव्य गणेश साजरा करतात. भगिनी समाज मैदानावर उत्सव. या उत्सवांमध्ये अनेक स्पर्धात्मक खेळांचे आयोजन आणि नामांकित मराठी नाटकांचा समावेश आहे
Borivali railway station

Borivali (station code: BO (suburban)/BVI (mainline)) is a railway station on the Western line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network and an outbound station. It serves the suburban of Borivali.
The Borivali Railway Station is a terminus for all slow, semi-fast and fast trains on the Mumbai Suburban Railway system. It also serves as the final city-limit stop for all mail and express trains on Western Railway before leaving Mumbai. As of Oct 2022, the plans to extend the Harbour Line to Borivali, and expansion plans are in full steam, with the survey for land acquisition being completed.
Borivali is used by almost 2.87 lakh (287,000) passengers every day and is the busiest station on the western suburban line of Mumbai. The number of passengers using Borivali is much higher compared to other stations due many commuters from adjoining stations preferring to travel here to catch a local train as it is difficult to board one from stations such as Dahisar, Kandivli or Malad.
Borivali is mentioned as one of the stations where the first regular suburban train service of BB&CI halted. Then, it was known as 'Berewla'. This train service was inaugurated between Bombay Backbay station and Viraur on 12 April 1867.
The Station was remodeled in 1913, along with Virar. The remodeling diagrams of the station were published in a BB&CI Magazine dated Dec 1923.
The Magazine (see pg 6, 11)
1913 Remodeling of Borivali
In the Diagrams, the original layout of the station (before 1913 remodeling) shows a two platform station, each platform on the west and east. In the diagram, the one on the west is labelled 'Down Platform' while the east one has been labelled 'Up Platform'. Between them were the Up and Down main lines. A Loop line was located to the East of the Down Platform. The station had one siding, to the North of the Down Platform. The station also had two cabins, named 'Cabin A' and 'Cabin B', located on the east of the main lines. Two level crossings were present, either on the north and south of the station.
The Revised Layout shows some improvements made; notably, the addition of a new siding line, and the categorization of the Eastern platform as an Island platform. The siding line was shortened, and a refuge siding added east of the loop line. A Ballast siding was added as well. Further, the 'B' Cabin was shifted closer to the island platform.
(For the diagrams, visit the above Pdf)
For the convenience of the passengers Western Railway has decided to change the platform numbers of Borivali station. The platforms have now been numbered from west to east to maintain uniformity. Changes will be effective from 4 June 2017.
As of July 2024, there are 10 platforms at the station and as of 4 June 2017 after renumbering of platform number the trains that these platforms handle are as follows:
The 1st and 2nd platforms are terminal platforms.
Chinnakada Clock Tower

Chinnakada Clock Tower is a landmark in Kollam City in the Indian state of Kerala. In Chinnakada, the tower lies in the heart of the city, close to Kollam Junction Railway Station. As the first clock tower in the erstwhile Travancore state, it has become a non-official emblem of the city and the major landmark of Kollam.
The quadrangular clock tower was built in 1944 by the natives as a tribute to Unichakam Veedu K G Parameshwaran Pillai, the former chairman of Kollam Municipality (1932–48). Construction began in 1941 and was completed three years later in brick and white cement. The tower has four clocks facing the four directions of the city, which were brought from Kolkata.
Chinnakkada is considered the heart of the Kollam and one of the major junctions in the city where National Highway – NH 66 (earlier NH 47) meets NH 744 (earlier NH 208). Because of the presence of a huge traffic circle, it became one of the busiest junctions in the state. To reduce the traffic congestion in Chinnakada, Kollam Municipal Corporation is constructing an underpass near the clock tower. The complex junction is the meeting point of roads from Thiruvananthapuram, Alappuzha, Sengottai, Ashramam, Kollam Beach and Kollam Port, Downtown Kollam and the City Bus Stand.
The development of the Chinnakada area including the clock tower is the most important junction development project by the municipal corporation. The works have been initiated by the shifting of city bus stand to Andamukkam. The former Left Democratic Front Government of Kerala decided to develop Kollam as an international city using Delhi's Chandni Chowk as a model. The proposed complex was designed as a trade centre for products of the traditional industries in the district.
Kollam Municipal Corporation has allocated Rs. 2 million to renovate the clock tower. Work on the project has finished.
Chimnabai Clock Tower

The Chimnabai Clock Tower, also known as the Raopura Tower, is a clock tower situated in the Raopura area of Vadodara, Gujarat, India. It was completed in 1896 and named in memory of Chimnabai I (1864–1885), a queen and the first wife of Sayajirao Gaekwad III of Baroda State. It was built in Indo-Saracenic architecture style.
Chimnabai Clock Tower was built in 1896. The tower was named after Chimnabai I (1864–1885), a queen and the first wife of Sayajirao Gaekwad III of Baroda State. It was inaugurated by Mir Kamaluddin Hussainkhan, the last Nawab of Baroda. During the rule of Gaekwad, it was a stoppage for horse drawn trams. The clock tower was erected at the cost of ₹25,000 (equivalent to ₹9.3 million or US$110,000 in 2023). It was constructed from the funds raised by the citizens of Baroda State.
The premises of the tower were rented by the Vadodara Municipal Corporation for the last three decades. In 2017, the municipal commissioner, Vinod Rao, ordered to vacate the tower to conserve it as a heritage monument. The mechanical system of the tower clock was replaced by DC motor. The tower is lit up in the evening.
The tower was built in Indo-Saracenic architecture style. The five storied tower is built with red bricks. The ground floor has a narrow spiral staircase that leads to upper floors. The first three floors have cusped arched openings decorated with fine stucco work on each side. A huge clock made by John Taylor & Co was brought from London by Sayajirao and fitted to fourth floor. The clock is six feet in diameter and its minute hand is of 3 feet in length. The top floor is octagonal. It has the jharokha with jali-work on all eight sides of the parapet. A steeple stands at the top.
During the Gaekwad rule, the mechanical system was used to play tunes every 15 minutes, which later changed to every hour. Later, the mechanical system was replaced by an electric connection and now the chimes are muted.
Clock Tower, Gujranwala

Clock Tower, Gujranwala, also known as Estcourt Clock Tower, is a clock tower in Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan.
Clock Tower was constructed in 1901. The then-Deputy Commissioner initiated its construction, equipping it with large clocks on all four sides for public time-telling. In 1906, a bell was added to the tower, ringing hourly and audible throughout the city.
Maintenance responsibilities for the tower were traditionally handled by appointed caretakers. This role continued within the same family, even after the original caretaker's death, prior to Pakistan's independence.
In 1950, the tower was electrified, but this service was discontinued in the 1980s due to unpaid bills. Although funds were allocated for its repair during Muhammad Aslam Butt's mayoral tenure, the work was not completed due to administrative issues. As a result, the tower shows signs of deterioration, specifically in its stairs, main door, and clocks.
Royapettah Clock Tower, Chennai

Royapettah Clock Tower is a standalone clock tower in the neighbourhood of Royapettah in Chennai, India. It is one of the four standalone clock towers in the city, the other three being the ones at Mint, Doveton and Pulianthope.
Before the advent of clock towers, officers at Fort St. George used to fire cannonballs at 8:00 p.m. every day. This practice, which continued until the end of the 19th century, stopped after the construction of the first standalone clock tower at Doveton Junction at Purasawalkam in the early 1900s. Following this, similar towers were built at Mint Junction in George Town, Royapettah, and Pulianthope.
The Royapettah Clock Tower was built in the 1930s. The clock instrument for the Royapettah Clock Tower was provided by Gani and Sons, initially known as the South India Watch Company, which was started in 1909 by Haji Mirza Abdul Gani Namazi of Iranian descent. The company also provided clocks for the other independent clock towers at Mint, Choolai and Tiruvottiyur, among others.
The clock tower is located in the neighbourhood of Royapettah, at the junction of Westcott Road, Whites Road, General Patters Road, and Pycrofts Road.
The clock tower was built on the classic art deco architecture and remains one of the prime example of the style in the city.
In April 2021, the clock tower was adopted by the Rotary Club of Royapettah.
Rourkela Junction railway station

Rourkela Junction railway station (station code:- ROU) is a railway junction located in the north-western part of the Indian state of Odisha and serves Rourkela in Sundergarh district. Rourkela is the third-largest urban agglomeration in Odisha.
Rourkela railway station came up with the opening of the Nagpur–Asansol main line of Bengal Nagpur Railway in 1891. It became a station on the crosscountry Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line in 1900. Rourkela was connected to Barsuan iron ore mines in 1960. In earlier days the railway station of Rourkela was within the village of Mahulpali. The railway station gained in importance with the setting up of India's first public sector steel plant at Rourkela in the nineteen fifties. It was electrified in 1961–62.
Rourkela railway station is amongst the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railway. 11 trains originate at Rourkela and 111 trains(including weeklies and bi-weeklies) pass through it. It is situated on the Kolkata–Mumbai South Eastern railway line which is a major route connecting the two metros of India. Rourkela is connected to Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Asansol, Dhanbad, Ranchi, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Pune, Ahmedabad, Bhubaneswar, Nagpur, Patna, Vishakhapatnam, Jamshedpur, Raipur, Cuttack, Puri, Berhampur, Sambalpur and Jammu & Kashmir and Ranchi.
The 156 km (97 mi) long line connecting Bimlagarh on the Bondamunda–Barsuan branch line and Talcher on the Sambalpur–Talcher–Barang branch line, was sanctioned in 2004–05 and construction is in progress. This line when complete would reduce the distance between Rourkela and Bhubaneswar, the state capital, from 460 km (via Sambalpur) to 300 km.
Electric Loco Shed, Rourkela is the 3rd electric loco shed of Chakradharpur Division, South Eastern Railway.It has Holding Capacity of 200 Electric locomotives.
Rourkela travel guide from Wikivoyage
স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ রোড (মুম্বই)

স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ রোড, সংক্ষেপে এস,ভি, রোড, হল ভারতীয় মহানগর মুম্বইয়ের পশ্চিম উপনগর-এর প্রধানতম সড়কগুলির একটি।
সড়কটি দক্ষিণে বান্দ্রা এবং উত্তরে দহিসর'র কাছে পশ্চিম দ্রুতগতি মহাসড়ক'র উড়ালপুলে গিয়ে শেষ হয়েছে, সড়কটির দৈর্ঘ্য প্রায় ২৫ কিমি। এস,ভি, রোড মুম্বই উপনগরীয় রেলের পশ্চিম লাইনের পশ্চিম দিক বরাবর ১১টি উপনগরীয় স্টেশনের সাথে সংযুক্ত। রাস্তাটির পার্শ্বদেশ অত্যন্ত ঘনবসতিপূর্ণ। এই রাস্তাটির যানজট কমাতে নিউ লিংকিং ও পশ্চিম দ্রুতগতি মহাসড়ক সমানভাবে চলিত।
টেমপ্লেট:মুম্বই বিষয়াদি
স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ আন্তর্জাতিক বিমানবন্দর

স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ আন্তর্জাতিক বিমানবন্দর (আইএটিএ: RPR, আইসিএও: VARP) (আগেকার নাম মানা বিমানবন্দর) হল ভারতের ছত্তীসগঢ় রাজ্যের প্রধান বিমানবন্দর। এই বিমানবন্দরটি রায়পুর শহরের ১৫ কিমি (৯.৩ মা) দক্ষিণে এবং রায়পুর ও রাজ্যের নতুন রাজধানী নতুন রায়পুর শহরের মাঝামাঝি জায়গায় অবস্থিত। ২০০৬ সালে এই বিমানবন্দরের যাত্রী পরিবহনের হার ৮২% বৃদ্ধি পায় (সেই বছরের বৃহত্তম হার)। স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ আন্তর্জাতিক বিমানন্দর হল ভারতের বিমানবন্দর প্রাধিকরণ কর্তৃক আধুনিকীকৃত ভারতের ৩৫টি নন-মেট্রো বিমানবন্দরের একটি।
২০১২ সালের ২৪ জানুয়ারি ভারতের কেন্দ্রীয় ক্যাবিনেট ছত্তীসগঢ় রাজ্য সরকারের প্রস্তাব অনুসারে এই বিমানবন্দরের নাম বিখ্যাত হিন্দু সন্ন্যাসী, দার্শনিক ও লেখক, স্বামী বিবেকানন্দের নামে রাখেন। উল্লেখ্য, স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ ছেলেবেলায় দুই বছর রায়পুরে কাটিয়েছিলেন। এয়ার ইন্ডিয়া, ভিস্তারা ও ইন্ডিগো এই বিমানবন্দর ব্যবহার করে থাকে। এই বিমানবন্দরটি ভারতের প্রমুখ শহরগুলি যেমন দিল্লি, মুম্বাই, কলকাতা, চেন্নাই, হায়দরাবাদ, বেঙ্গালুরু, ইন্দোর, আহমেদাবাদ, এলাহাবাদ, জগদলপুর, ঝারসুগুদা ইত্যাদি শহরগুলির সঙ্গে বিমানে যুক্ত। ছত্তীসগঢ় এয়ার লিঙ্কের এয়ার ট্যাক্সি পরিষেবাগুলিও এখান থেকে ছত্তীসগঢ় শহরের অন্যান্য শহরে বিমান পরিষেবা দেয়।
লাইফ অ্যান্ড ফিলোজফি অফ স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ

লাইফ অ্যান্ড ফিলোজফি অফ স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ (১৯৮৯) হল ইংরেজি ভাষায় জি. এস. বনহাট্টির লেখা একটি বই। এটি স্বামী বিবেকানন্দের একটি জীবনী। বইটি প্রকাশিত হয় নতুন দিল্লির অ্যাটলান্টিক পাবলিশার্স অ্যান্ড ডিস্ট্রিবিউটর্স থেকে।
এই বইটি স্বামী বিবেকানন্দের একটি জীবনী। বইটি অনেকগুলি অধ্যায়ে বিভক্ত। প্রতিটি অধ্যায়ে বিবেকানন্দের জীবনের নানা অংশ বর্ণিত হয়েছে। প্রথম অধ্যায়ে বিবেকানন্দের জন্ম, শৈশব ও প্রথম দিকের বিদ্যালয় জীবন বর্ণিত হয়েছে। দ্বিতীয় অধ্যায়টির নাম "স্পিরিচুয়াল অ্যাপ্রেনটিসশিপ"। এই অধ্যায়ে ১৮৮১ থেকে বিবেকানদের গয়া যাত্রা পর্যন্ত ঘটনা বর্ণিত হয়েছে। শেষ দুই অধ্যায়ে বিবেকানন্দের কবিতা ও গদ্য রচনার আলোচনা রয়েছে।
ভারত অধিরাজ্য

ভারত অধিরাজ্য (ইংরেজি: Union of India বা Dominion of India) ১৫ আগস্ট ১৯৪৭ থেকে ২৬ জানুয়ারি, ১৯৫০ পর্যন্ত স্থায়ী একটি স্বাধীন রাষ্ট্র। পরবর্তীকালে এই রাষ্ট্রটি ভারতীয় প্রজাতন্ত্র রূপে আত্মপ্রকাশ করে। যদিও ইংরেজি Union of India অর্থাৎ ভারত সংঘ কথাটি ভারতীয় বিচারব্যবস্থায় যুক্তরাষ্ট্রীয় ফেডারেল ব্যবস্থা অর্থাৎ কেন্দ্রীয় সরকার অর্থে এখনও ব্যবহৃত হয়।
১৯৪৭ সালে ভারতে ব্রিটিশ শাসনের সমাপ্তি ঘটলে ব্রিটিশ ভারত দ্বিধাবিভক্ত হয়ে ভারত অধিরাজ্য ও পাকিস্তান অধিরাজ্য গঠিত হয়। ব্রিটিশ সংসদে বিধিবদ্ধ ভারতীয় স্বাধীনতা অধিনিয়ম ১৯৪৭ অনুসারে উক্ত রাষ্ট্রদুটির মেয়াদ ছিল তাদের নিজস্ব সংবিধান প্রখ্যাপিত না হওয়া পর্যন্ত। ভারতের ক্ষেত্রে সংবিধান কার্যকর করার তারিখ ছিল ২৬ জানুয়ারি, ১৯৫০; এই দিনই প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয় ভারতীয় প্রজাতন্ত্র।
ডোমিনিয়ন পর্যায়ে ব্রিটেনের রাজা ভারত ও পাকিস্তান উভয় রাষ্ট্রের রাষ্ট্রপ্রধান পদে বৃত থাকেন। তার প্রতিনিধিত্ব করেন দুই রাষ্ট্রের গভর্নর-জেনারেলগণ। তবে এই গভর্নর-জেনারেলের পদটি ব্রিটিশ ভাইসরয়ের পদের অনুরূপ ছিল না। এটি ছিল আনুষ্ঠানিক শাসকের পদ। ডোমিনিয়ন পর্যায়ের ভারতের দুই গভর্নর-জেনারেল হলেন:
এই পর্যায়ে ভারতের সরকার প্রধান তথা প্রকৃত শাসক প্রধানমন্ত্রী পদে বৃত ছিলেন জওহরলাল নেহেরু।
১৯৪৭ সালে স্বাধীনতার পরেই ভারত ও পাকিস্তান অধিরাজ্য স্বশাসিত অধিরাজ্য রূপে ব্রিটিশ কমনওয়েলথে যোগ দেয়। ভারত বিভাগের ফলে বাংলা ও পাঞ্জাব – ব্রিটিশ ভারতের এই বৃহত্তম প্রদেশ দুটি দ্বিখণ্ডিত হয়ে ভারত ও পাকিস্তানের সঙ্গে যুক্ত হয়। স্বাধীনতা সমসাময়িক কালে কুড়ি লক্ষ মানুষ শরণার্থী হিসেবে সীমান্ত পার হন এবং সাম্প্রদায়িক দাঙ্গায় এক লক্ষেরও বেশি লোকের মৃত্যু হয়। ভারত বিভাগের পর কাশ্মীর অঞ্চলের অধিকার নিয়ে দুই রাষ্ট্রের সম্পর্কে টানাপোড়েনের সৃষ্টি হয় এবং সূচনা হয় ১৯৪৭ সালের ভারত-পাকিস্তান যুদ্ধের।
ভারতীয় সংবিধানের ৩০০ নং ধারায় বলা হয়েছে, "ভারত সরকার ভারত সংঘ (Union of India) নামে মামলা করতে পারবে অথবা ভারত সরকারকে ভারত সংঘ নামে চিহ্নিত করে মামলা করা যাবে।" এই কারণে আইনি নথিপত্র ও বিচার প্রক্রিয়ায় ভারতীয় প্রজাতন্ত্রের যুক্তরাষ্ট্রীয় সরকারকে সর্বদা "সংঘ" বা "Union" নামে অভিহিত করা হয়। যদিও এই নামটি সাধারণ ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হয় না।
জাতীয় গণহত্যা স্মরণ দিবস

জাতীয় গণহত্যা দিবস' বা বাঙালি গণহত্যা স্মরণ দিবস বাংলাদেশে পালিত একটি দিবস। ১৯৭১ সালের ২৫ মার্চ রাতে পাকিস্তানি বাহিনী কর্তৃক নির্মম গণহত্যায় নিহতদের স্মরণে দিবসটি পালন করা হয়। ২০১৭ সালের ১১ মার্চ জাতীয় সংসদে দিবসটি পালনের সিদ্ধান্ত গৃহীত হয়।
১৯৭১ সালের ২৫ মার্চ কালরাতে পাকিস্তানি সামরিক বাহিনী তৎকালীন পূর্ব পাকিস্তানের (বর্তমান বাংলাদেশ) স্বাধীনতা আন্দোলনকে দমিয়ে দেওয়ার জন্য অপারেশন সার্চলাইট নামে একটি সামরিক অভিযানের মাধ্যমে দেশের প্রধান শহরের নিয়ন্ত্রণ নেওয়ার জন্য বাঙালিদের ওপর গণহত্যা চালায়, বঙ্গবন্ধু শেখ মুজিবুর রহমানকে গ্রেফতার করে পশ্চিম পাকিস্তানে নিয়ে যাওয়া হয়। অভিযান শুরু করার পূর্বে সকল বিদেশি সাংবাদিকদের পূর্ব পাকিস্তান থেকে সরিয়ে নেওয়া হয়। বাঙালিদের ওপর আক্রমণের পর গ্রেফতার হওয়ার পূর্বে ২৬ মার্চের প্রথম প্রহরে বঙ্গবন্ধু বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতা ঘোষণা করেন। এর মধ্য দিয়েই বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতা যুদ্ধ শুরু হয় এবং বাংলাদেশ স্বাধীনতা লাভ করে।
পাকিস্তানি সামরিক বাহিনী কর্তৃক অপারেশন সার্চলাইটে নিহত ও আক্রান্তদের স্মরণে ২০১৭ সালের ১১ মার্চ বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় সংসদে ২৫শে মার্চকে "গণহত্যা দিবস" হিসেবে পালন করার সিদ্ধান্ত সর্বসম্মতিক্রমে গৃহীত হয়।
আন্তর্জাতিক ভাবে ২৫ মার্চকে গণহত্যা দিবস হিসেবে স্বীকৃতি আদায়ে কাজ করে যাচ্ছে বাংলাদেশ সরকার। ইতোমধ্যে এই অপরাধযজ্ঞকে গণহত্যা হিসেবে স্বীকৃতি দিয়েছে জেনোসাইড ওয়াচ এবং লেমকিন ইন্সটিটিউট ফর জেনোসাইড প্রিভেনশন। এছাড়া সংস্থা দুটি জাতিসঙ্ঘসহ আন্তর্জাতিক সম্প্রদায়কে বাংলাদেশে সংঘটিত গণহত্যাকে স্বীকৃতি প্রদানের জন্য আহ্বান জানিয়েছে। এই নৃশংস গণহত্যাকে আরও স্বীকৃতি দিয়েছে ইন্টারন্যাশনাল অ্যাসোসিয়েশন অব জেনোসাইড স্কলারস (আইএজিএস)। পররাষ্ট্র মন্ত্রণালয় থেকে ২৪ এপ্রিল ২০২৩ তারিখের এক সংবাদ বিজ্ঞপ্তিতে এ তথ্য জানানো হয়।