davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
The Dreaming Boy Is a Realist

Yumemiru Danshi wa Genjitsushugisha (夢見る男子は現実主義者code: ja is deprecated ) adalah sebuah seri novel ringan Jepang yang dikarang oleh Okemaru dan diilustrasikan oleh Saba Mizore. Pada awalnya, novel ini diserialisasikan sebagai novel web di situs web penerbitan novel buatan pengguna Shōsetsuka ni Narō pada bulan Desember 2018. Kemudian, diakuisisi oleh Hobby Japan yang mulai menerbitkannya sebagai novel ringan pada bulan Juni 2020 di bawah naungan novel ringan HJ Bunko. Adaptasi manga yang diilustrasikan oleh Popuri Yoshikita mulai diterbitkan secara bersambung di situs web Shōnen Ace Plus milik Kadokawa Shoten pada bulan Maret 2021. Adaptasi seri anime televisi yang diproduksi oleh Studio Gokumi dan AXsiZ ditayangkan mulai bulan Juli hingga September 2023.
Wataru Sajō terus menggoda dan mendekati Aika Natsukawa, seorang gadis di kelasnya yang cantik, untuk berkencan dengannya, tetapi selalu ditolak. Suatu hari, sebuah bola sepak melayang dengan cepat membentuk kepribadiannya dan sampai pada kesimpulan bahwa ia tidak layak untuk Aika dan mulai menjauh darinya. Namun, Aika salah mengira bahwa dia sekarang tidak menyukainya, dan mulai berinteraksi dengannya. Hal ini merupakan awal dari komedi romantis ketika dua teman sekelas berusaha keras untuk menyampaikan perasaan mereka, terutama ketika perempuan lain mulai menaruh perhatian pada Wataru.
Ditulis oleh Okemaru, seri ini mulai diserialkan sebagai novel web di situs web penerbitan novel yang dihasilkan oleh pengguna, Shōsetsuka ni Narō pada tanggal 7 Desember 2018. Kemudian diakuisisi oleh Hobby Japan yang mulai menerbitkannya sebagai novel ringan dengan ilustrasi oleh Saba Mizore di bawah cetakan HJ Bunko pada tanggal 1 Juni 2020. Per April 2023, telah terbit delapan volume. Novel-novel ini dilisensikan dalam bahasa Inggris oleh Monogatari Novels.
Adaptasi manga yang diilustrasikan oleh Popuri Yoshikita mulai diserialkan di situs web Shōnen Ace Plus milik Kadokawa Shotenpada tanggal 26 Maret 2021. Per Maret 2024, manga ini telah terkumpul dalam lima volume.
An anime television series adaptation was announced on November 18, 2022. It is produced by Studio Gokumi and AXsiZ, and directed by Kazuomi Koga, with scripts written by Michiko Yokote, character designs handled by Masaru Koseki and music composed by Ryōhei Sataka. The series premiered on July 4, 2023, on TV Tokyo and other networks, including AbemaTV. The opening theme song is "Paraglider" by Kaori Ishihara, while the ending theme song is "Yume wa Mijikashi Koiseyo Otome" (夢は短し恋せよ乙女code: ja is deprecated , "DREAMS are fleeting, fall in LOVE, girls!") by Akiho Suzumoto. Sentai Filmworks licensed the series, and will be streaming it on Hidive. Medialink licensed the series in South, Southeast Asia and Oceania (except Australia and New Zealand) and will stream it on Ani-One Asia's Youtube channel.
Pawai Negara-Negara Olimpiade Musim Panas 2008

Templat:Olimpiade Musim Panas 2008
Pada bagian Pawai Negara-Negara dari upacara pembukaan Olimpiade Musim Panas 2008, para atlet dari masing-masing negara berpartisipasi dalam Olimpiade yang dipawaikan di arena tersebut, diwakilkan oleh bendera mereka. Bendera tersebut dibawakan oleh olahragawan dari negara tersebut yang dipilih oleh Komite Olimpiade Nasional atau oleh atlet-atlet mereka sendiri untuk mewakili negara tersebut.
Sesuai dengan tradisi, tim nasional Yunani, yang menjadi tuan rumah Olimpiade Musim Panas sebelumnya, di Athena, masuk pertama kali sebagai progenitor dari Permainan Olimpiade, dan negara tuan rumahnya, dalam hal ini Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, tampil yang terakhir. Seluruh negara lainnya ditampilkan dengan tampilan nama dalam bahasa negara tuan rumahnya, yang dalam hal ini adalah bahasa Tionghoa. Metode kolasi yang digunakan berdasarkan pada nama-nama yang ditulis dalam karakter Tionghoa sederhana dan sama dengan yang digunakan dalam kamus-kamus Tionghoa.
Kepulauan Marshall, Montenegro dan Tuvalu berkompetisi untuk pertama kalinya dalam Permainan Olimpiade tersebut, dan juga Serbia berkompesi dengan nama ini untuk pertama kalinya setelah Olimpiade Musim Panas 1912. Brunei dikeluarkan dari Permainan tersebut oleh IOC tak lama sebelum Upacara Pembukaan karena tidak ada atlet yang terdaftar.
Berikut ini adalah daftar dari penampil bendera masing-masing negara.
Templat:Penampilan bendera nasional Permainan Olimpiade
Daftar pembawa bendera Kanada pada Olimpiade

Berikut ini adalah daftar pembawa bendera yang mewakili Kanada pada Olimpiade.
Para pembawa bendera membawa bendera nasional negara mereka pada acara pembukaan Permainan Olimpiade.
Para pembawa bendera membawa bendera nasional negara mereka pada acara penutupan Permainan Olimpiade.
Malvika Nair

Malvika Nair is an Indian actress who mainly appears in Telugu and Malayalam films. Nair's notable works include Black Butterfly (2013), Cuckoo (2014), Yevade Subramanyam (2015), Taxiwaala (2018), Modern Love Hyderabad (2022) and Krishnam Pranaya Sakhi (2024).
Malvika Nair was born in Delhi in a Malayali family. Her family soon moved to Kerala and she attended the Toc-H Public School in Vyttila, Kochi, before returning to New Delhi, where she continued her studies at DAV Sreshtha Vihar. She is a graduate from St Francis College for Women in Begumpet, Hyderabad. She has a master's degree in philosophy from University of Edinburgh.
While studying, Nair modelled, appearing in various advertisements as well as the Mohan Sithara-directed music video, "Rithukkal". She subsequently began to receive acting offers and eventually entered the film industry at age 13. In her first few films she had minor supporting or cameo roles; in Ustad Hotel, she made a brief appearance in a song sequence, while in Puthiya Theerangal and Karmayodha she played the daughter of Nedumudi Venu and Mohanlal's characters, respectively. Her first major role was as Reena, a house maid who faces an acid attack, in the Malayalam drama film Black Butterfly (2013), a remake of Vazhakku Enn 18/9.
After watching her performance in Black Butterfly, Balaji Sakthivel, director of its original version, was impressed and recommended aspiring director Raju Murugan to cast her in his romantic drama film Cuckoo (2014). She portrayed an independent blind girl in the film and prior to the shoot, attended a workshop where she interacted with blind people. Pairing alongside Dinesh, Malavika portrayed Sudhanthirakodi and won critical acclaim for her portrayal. Behindwoods noted her as "effectuated excellence", while Sify.com's review stated she was "superb" and that she "lives the role". Her performance was subsequently rewarded with the Filmfare Award for Best Actress, Vijay Award for Best Debut Actress as well as the SICA Award for Best Newcomer and the Vikatan Award for Best Actress. Prior to Cuckoo, she had a Malayalam release, Pakida, in which she portrayed a fifteen-year-old girl who is sold to a brothel by her own father.
Nair next appeared in the Telugu film Yevade Subramanyam (2015) alongside Nani, with a critic noting she "shows a lot of spunk and comes up with a matured performance for a newcomer". Malavika's next release was the romantic drama, Kalyana Vaibhogame (2016), opposite Naga Shaurya. It was directed by B. V. Nandini Reddy and the film was praised and her role was well appreciated. Sify wrote that "Malavika Nair who wowed the audiences with her performance in Yevade Subramanyam shines again as modern independent minded girl. She steals the show in many scenes".
In 2018, she starred as Alamelu Gemini Ganeshan in the Savitri biopic, Mahanati, directed by Nag Ashwin, which was successful at the box-office ran of 100 days.
She made a cameo appearance in Ninu Veedani Needanu Nene (2019). In 2020, she starred in Orey Bujjiga opposite Raj Tarun which was later directly released on Aha due to COVID-19 pandemic.
List of Xavier Institute students and staff

The Xavier Institute was one of the fictional schools situated at X-Mansion in the Marvel Universe, published in American comic books by Marvel Comics.
The school was originally opened as Xavier's School for Gifted Youngsters by Professor Xavier and served as the home of the X-Men and New Mutants. Students lived under pretence that they were students of Professor X to keep their mutant nature a secret from the outside world. The school was eventually renamed as Xavier Institute for Higher Learning. At one point of its history, Massachusetts Academy was reopened by Banshee and White Queen but as the branch of Xavier Institute to train Generation X. When the secrecy of mutant school became public, its student body and staff expanded tremendously. Most of these students were assigned into squads with an advisor, when Cyclops and White Queen took over Xavier Institute. After the events of M-Day, squads were disbanded and later the school was closed.
The school was reopened as Jean Grey School for Higher Learning under the leadership of Wolverine and Shadowcat. Jean Grey School also received transferred students from New Charles Xavier School for Mutants after it was closed. The school was briefly relocated to Limbo for the protection from Terrigen Mist. Later it was moved back to the Earth, and renamed as Xavier Institute for Mutant Education and Outreach when Storm took over the school.
Notations:
Death of Muhammed Shahabaz

On 28 February 2025, a Kerala school student Muhammed Shahabaz died after being brutally beaten by school students in Thamarassery, Kozhikode, Kerala.
On 23 February 2025, there was a clash at a farewell function of class 10 students at a tuition centre in Thamarassery, Kozhikode. As a result, five days later, on 28 February 2025, a clash broke out between students of GVHSS Thamarassery and students of MJHSS Elatel School. A group of students of GVHSS Thamarassery brutally attacked Sahabas and fatally injured him in the head and eye with Nunchaku. MuhammedShahabaz , who was critically injured, was also admitted to the Kozhikode Medical College Hospital. He suffered 70% brain damage. He died later the same day.
The police investigated Shahbaz's murder and arrested 6 people. The statements of the accused were recorded in connection with the incident. The Kerala Police conducted the investigation by recording the statements of the students who were present at the scene of the incident and people who were in nearby shops at the time. The police collected and examined the CCTV footage of the roads near the tuition center where the clash took place in Thamarassery, Kozhikode.
Shahbaz had been beaten with a nunchaku. The postmortem revealed that the cause of death was serious injuries to the skull and brain. There was internal bleeding in the chest wound area, and there were injuries above the right ear and eye. The police reported that the student who attacked Shahbaz knew martial arts.
Public protests took place in Thamarassery and Kozhikode on 2 March 2025. Students clashed with police and lathi-charged demonstrators in front of the school. On 3 March 2025, the Kerala Students Union (KSU) and MSF held a protest march to the Vellimadukunnu Observation Home to protest the school and police's actions to protect the students accused in Shahabaz's death.
Shiksha - TeleVehicle

Shiksha – TeleVehicle (Learn from Television), is a Bengali language 24x7 satellite channel. It is a joint venture of Webel Mediatronics Ltd. (Government of West Bengal Under-Taking) & Adjeet Advertising Agency. Officially on air date is 15 April 2013, before that it ran as a test signal from 9 April 2013. The channel content basically is class V to class X students covering all subject (board approved subjects), based on West Bengal Board of Secondary Education. The channel is approved by West Bengal State Education Ministry and West Bengal Board of Secondary Education.
United States Flag Code

The United States Flag Code establishes advisory rules for display and care of the national flag of the United States of America. It is part of Chapter 1 of Title 4 of the United States Code (4 U.S.C. § 5 et seq). Although this is a U.S. federal law, the code is not mandatory: it uses non-binding language like "should" and "custom" throughout and does not prescribe any penalties for failure to follow the guidelines. It was "not intended to prescribe conduct" and was written to "codify various existing rules and customs."
Separately, Congress passed the Flag Protection Act of 1968 (amended in 1989) (18 U.S.C. § 700), a since struck-down criminal statute, which prohibited mutilating, defacing, defiling or burning the flag. Although it remains part of codified federal law, it is not enforceable due to the Supreme Court of the United States finding it unconstitutional in United States v. Eichman.
Additionally, the public law which includes the Flag Code (Pub. L. 105–225, largely codified in Title 36 of the U.S. Code), addresses conduct when the U.S. National Anthem is being played while the flag is present. That law suggests civilians in attendance should face the flag "at attention" (standing upright) with their hand over their heart.
The U.S. flag is defined by 4 U.S.C. § 5, executive order and official government standards:
Executive Order 10834 Proportions And Sizes Of Flags And Position Of Stars prescribes the design of the flag as well as Federal Specification DDD-F-416F.
Prior to Flag Day, June 14, 1923, neither the federal government nor the states had official guidelines governing the display of the United States' flag. On that date, the National Flag Code was constructed by representatives of over 68 organizations, under the auspices of the National Americanism Commission of the American Legion. The code drafted by that conference was printed by the national organization of the American Legion and given nationwide distribution.
On June 22, 1942, the code became Public Law 77-623; chapter 435. Little had changed in the code since the Flag Day 1923 Conference. The most notable change was the removal of the Bellamy salute because of its similarities to the Hitler salute.
The Freedom to Display the American Flag Act of 2005 prohibits real estate management organizations from restricting homeowners from displaying the Flag of the United States on their own property.
The Army Specialist Greg L. Chambers Federal Flag Code Amendment Act of 2007 added a provision to allow governors, or the mayor of the District of Columbia, to proclaim that the flag be flown at half-staff upon the death of a member of the Armed Forces from any State, territory, or possession who died while serving on active duty. The provision directs federal facilities in the area covered by the governor or mayor of the District of Columbia to fly the flag at half-staff consistent with such proclamations.
The Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009 (Sec. 595.) allows the military salute for the flag during the national anthem by members of the Armed Forces not in uniform and by veterans.
Outline of academic disciplines

An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of knowledge, taught and researched as part of higher education. A scholar's discipline is commonly defined by the university faculties and learned societies to which they belong and the academic journals in which they publish research.
Disciplines vary between well-established ones in almost all universities with well-defined rosters of journals and conferences and nascent ones supported by only a few universities and publications. A discipline may have branches, which are often called sub-disciplines.
The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to academic disciplines. In each case, an entry at the highest level of the hierarchy (e.g., Humanities) is a group of broadly similar disciplines; an entry at the next highest level (e.g., Music) is a discipline having some degree of autonomy and being the fundamental identity felt by its scholars. Lower levels of the hierarchy are sub-disciplines that do generally not have any role in the structure of the university's governance.
Also regarded as a Social science
Linguistics listed in Social science
Also regarded as a Social science
Also listed in Applied science
Also regarded as the separate, an entry at the highest level of the hierarchy
Also regarded as a social science
Main articles: Outline of futures studies and Futures studies
Also regarded as a formal science
Also a branch of electrical engineering
Also regarded as a social science
Also listed in Humanities
Muslim Students' Association (Indonesia)

The Muslim Students' Association (Indonesian: Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam, literally "Islamic Students' Association", abbreviated as HMI) is an Indonesian Muslim student organization. HMI is an independent organization with the objective of "connecting academics, creators – servants of Islam, and taking responsibility for creating a just people blessed by Allah".
HMI was founded in Yogyakarta on 5 February 1947 at the initiative of Lafran Pane with 14 students from the Institute of Islam in Yogyakarta (Indonesian: Sekolah Tinggi Islam Yogyakarta), currently Indonesian Islamic University.
The purpose of a system is what it does

The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer, who observed that there is "no point in claiming that the purpose of a system is to do what it constantly fails to do". The term is widely used by systems theorists, and is generally invoked to counter the notion that the purpose of a system can be read from the intentions of those who design, operate, or promote it. When a system's side effects or unintended consequences reveal that its behavior is poorly understood, then the POSIWID perspective can balance political understandings of system behavior with a more straightforwardly descriptive view.
Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said:
From a cybernetic perspective, complex systems are not controllable by simple notions of management, and interventions in a system can best be understood by looking at how they affect observed system behavior. The term is used in many other fields as well, including biology and management. Whereas a cybernetician may apply the principle to the results inexorably produced by the mechanical dynamics of an activity system, a management scientist may apply it to the results produced by the self-interest of actors who play roles in a business or other institution.
Suntiang

Suntiang adolah hiasan kapalo bak cando mahkota nan dipakai padusi di Minangkabau. Bantuak suntiang ko diambiak dari alam, baiak dari bantuak tumbuahan ataupun dari bantuak binatang. Suntiang biasonyo dipakai anak daro atau palangkok pakaian adaik padusi minangkabau. Indak hanyo sabagai hiasan, tapi inyo banilai moral untuak anak daro jo marapulai manjadikannyo panutan dalam hiduik barumah-tanggo.
Suntiang ko babantuak satangah lingkaran sarato rononyo bak cando tabuek dari ameh. Barek suntiang ko kiro-kiro 3,5–5 kg. Kini banyak suntiang nan dibuek jo bantuak nan labiah ringan jo mudah dek alasan mampamudah tukang suntiang jo anak daro nan ka mamakainyo. Bagian suntiang nan sarupo tumbuahan contohnyo diambiak dari bantuak bungo mawar, melati, cimpako, jo sarai. Untuak bantuak binatang bantuaknyo sarupo buruang kuau, merpati, ramo-ramo, jo ikan.
Ukuran suntiang babeda manuruik pamakaiannyo. Suntiang nan dipakai anak daro baukuran gadang atau nan disabuik suntiang gadang, sadangkan suntiang baukuran ketek atau suntiang ketek dipakai dek pasumandan (pandampiang anak daro).
Ado babarapo jinih suntiangko, diantaronyo:
Batu basurek Kedukan Bukit

Batu basurek Kedukan Bukit adolah batu basurek nan ditamuan dek urang Balando C.J. Batenburg pado 29 November 1920 di kampuang Kedukan Bukit, Sumatera Selatan, yaitu dakek tabiang Sungai Tatang, anak Sungai Musi. Iko adolah bantuak tulisan bahaso Malayu paliang awa nan ditamuan, yaitu dalam bahaso Malayu Kuno. Ukuran batu basurek ketek sajo, anyo 45 cm × 80 cm. Batu basurek ko batangga 1 Mai 683 M. Aksara nan bapakai adolah aksara Pallawa. Dalam batu basurek ko tadapek banyak kato-kato bahaso Sanskerta.
Aliah aksara batu basurek ko dalam bahaso Malayu Kuno, jo alaiah bahaso dalam bahaso Indonesia, sbb.:
Suntiang

A Suntiang is an elaborate crown worn normally by Minangkabau women in Sumatra for festive occasions. It has the shape of a radiant fan and is made out of golden materials such as brass and copper.
A piece worn by a bride (referred to as Anak Daro) for a wedding is called Suntiang Gadang, while the one worn by traditional dancers is called Pasumandan. Suntiang is worn at wedding parties, and is quite heavy, weighing up to 3.5 kilograms.
The headpiece's weight is meant to symbolize the burdens that may arise after marriage, like motherhood and furthering the bride's marriage. In the case of the bride wearing the ornament, the message that is conveyed is that she can carry the weight of a relationship.
Indonesia's Next Top Model season 2

The second cycle of Indonesia's Next Top Model aired weekly on Indonesian private broadcaster NET. starting November 4, 2021. This cycle, the number of contestants increased, making the total of 18 contestants. Luna Maya and Panca Makmun returned as host and resident judge, while Deddy Corbuzier and Patricia Gouw were replaced by guest judge and mentor from the first cycle, Ivan Gunawan and Ayu Gani. This cycle's prizes are cash amounting to hundreds of millions of Rupiahs, an all new Suzuki XL7 car unit, as well as Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 3 5G which also served as the official partner for this cycle.
This cycle was filmed under strict health protocols as it was produced during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the previous cycle featured a local destination, this cycle didn't feature any local nor international destination. However, the grandfinalists took a trip to Pahawang Island of Lampung during the final episode.
The winner of the competition was 21-year-old Sarah Gabriella Tumiwa, from Jakarta.
In this cycle, the contestants have to split into two groups in each photoshoot, in which each model has both an individual and a group shot with their assigned team. The contestants on the team with the best group photo on panel are automatically immune from elimination regardless of their individual photo's result, while one contestant of the losing team will be eliminated. In addition, following the format of Germany's Next Top Model, the panel challenge in front of the judges in this cycle is almost always replaced by a runway challenge. Based on the individual and group photos and the runway challenge, the judges decide who is safe and who is eliminated from the competition. The group system, however, is dismissed after the comeback episode as the competition reached the final seven, so that only individual photos and runway challenge count in determining who is eliminated from the competition.
(Ages stated are at start of contest)
Following the previous season, after the comeback episode, the remaining seven finalists got a second makeover.
Escudo del Quindío

El Escudo del Quindío es el principal emblema y uno de los símbolos oficiales del departamento colombiano del Quindío.​ Fue diseñado por Solita Lozano de Gómez, quien también diseñó la bandera.
El blasón principal es de forma circular con borde grueso de color rojo; dentro de este se encuentra otro blasón, de forma inglesa, en el cual se ubica un tronco de un árbol con un hacha clavada en la parte superior, símbolo de la colonización antioqueña que dio origen a estas tierras. Rodeando el blasón interior se encuentran dos ramas de cafeto maduro entrelazadas en la parte inferior y unidas en la parte superior por una cinta que lleva el lema del departamento: "JOVEN, RICO, PODEROSO". La fecha 1966 ubicada en la parte inferior del tronco hace referencia a la fecha en que el departamento del Quindío fue creado.
En 2023, el entonces gobernador del departamento Roberto Jairo Jaramillo presentó a la Asamblea departamental un proyecto de Ordenanza que buscaba modificar el escudo del Quindío.​ La idea del nuevo escudo era cambiar el tronco y el hacha que hay en la mitad del círculo, y poner allí las montañas del Quindío; la Palma de cera y el cerro de Peñas Blancas.
Ceroxylon alpinum

Ceroxylon alpinum es una especie de planta fanerógama perteneciente a la familia Arecaceae. Es originaria de Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela y Perú. Está considerada en peligro de extinción por la pérdida de hábitat.
Ceroxylon alpinum tiene un tallo solitario, que alcanza un tamaño de 20 m de altura, con 15-30 cm de diámetro, de color blanco con cicatrices foliares negras, o más raramente de color gris a marrón. Las hojas de 5 m de longitud; con 100 pinnas a cada lado, se insertan regularmente en un plano, a menudo algo pendular, verdes y glabras por el haz, y por el envés de color blanco plateado y con una capa delgada de cera, las pinnas centrales de 70-90 cm de largo y 3-4 cm de ancho. Las inflorescencias arqueadas a pendulares, de 3 m de largo, Frutas globosas, de 1-2 cm de diámetro, ligeramente rugosas, de color rojo maduras.​
Ceroxylon alpinum fue descrita por Bonpl. ex DC. y publicado en Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomatique 3: 239. 1804.​
Ceroxylon: nombre genérico compuesto de las palabras griegas: kèròs = "cera" y xγlon = "madera", en referencia a la gruesa cera blanca que se encuentra en los troncos.​
alpinum: epíteto latíno que significa "alpino, de las montañas".​
Chonta (Quindío, Colombia); palma bendita (Venezuela); palma de cera (Quindío, Valle del Cauca, Colombia; Venezuela); palma real (Valle del Cauca, Colombia).​
Córdoba (Quindío)

Córdoba es un municipio del departamento del Quindío, en Colombia. Fue fundado en 1912, siendo declarado municipio en 1967. Tiene como principales actividades económicas la agricultura y las artesanías. Se ubica a 27 km de Armenia.​
Aunque el pueblo se fundó en 1912, para el año de 1925 no existían en Córdoba más de 40 casas. Se reconocen como fundadores de este municipio a Jesús y Miguel Jaramillo, Manuel Bermúdez, Felix Marín, Joaquín Buitrago, Paulino y Julio García (provenientes de Antioquia), y a Nemesio Peña, Pedro Salgado y Jesús Valencia (provenientes del Tolima y Cundinamarca); se le dio el nombre de Córdoba en homenaje al líder rebelde y prócer de la independencia de América, el General José María Córdova.
En 1914 se eleva a la categoría de Corregimiento del municipio de Calarcá, siendo erigido en municipio en 1967 por medio de la ordenanza N.º 022 de la Asamblea del Departamento del Quindío.​
Ceroxylon quindiuense

Ceroxylon quindiuense, often called Quindío wax palm, is a palm native to the humid montane forests of the Andes in Colombia and Peru.
This palm species can grow to a height of 45 m (148 ft) —or rarely, even as high as 60 m (200 ft). It is the tallest recorded monocot in the world. The trunk is cylindrical, smooth, light colored, covered with wax; leaf scars forming dark rings around the trunk. The leaves are dark green and grayish, 185–540 cm (6.1–17.7 ft) long, with a petiole up to 80 cm (31 in). Fruits are globose and orange-red when ripe, 1.6–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) in diameter.
Ceroxylon quindiuense was described by Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten and published in Bonplandia (Hannover) 8: 70. (1860).
Etymology:
Ceroxylon: generic name composed of the Greek words: kèròs = "wax" and xγlon = "wood", in reference to the thick white wax found on the trunks. quindiuense: geographical epithet alluding to its location in Quindío.
Synonymy:
It grows in large and dense populations along the central and eastern Andes of Colombia (rarely in the western Colombian Andes), with a disjunct distribution in the Andes of northern Peru. The elevational range of this species is between 2,000 and 3,100 m (6,600 and 10,200 ft) above sea level. It achieves a minimum reproductive age at 80 years. Wax palms provide habitats for many unique life forms, including endangered species such as the yellow-eared parrot (Ognorhynchus icterotis).
Palma de cera, palma de ramo (both names in Colombia).
Populations of Ceroxylon quindiuense are threatened by habitat disturbance, overharvesting and diseases. The fruit was used as feed for cattle and pigs. The leaves were extensively used in the Catholic celebrations of Palm Sunday; such leaves coming from young individuals which were damaged to death. That activity has been reduced severely in recent years due to law enforcement and widespread campaign. Felling of Ceroxylon quindiuense palms to obtain wax from the trunk also is an activity still going on in Colombia and Peru. The palm is recognized as the national tree of Colombia, and since the implementation of Law 61 of 1985, it is legally a protected species in that country.
The wax of the trunk was used to make candles, especially in the 19th century. The outer part of the stem of the palm has been used locally for building houses, and was used to build water supply systems for impoverished farmers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in Colombia and California.
Ceroxylon

Ceroxylon is a genus of flowering plants in the family Arecaceae, native to the Andes in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, known as Andean wax palms.
The species are almost exclusively montane and include the tallest palm (and thus tallest monocotyledon), C. quindiuense, which reaches 61 m (200 ft) in height, and species growing at the highest altitude of the palm family (Arecaceae), at more than 3,000 m (10,000 ft) in elevation.
The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek κηρός (kērós ("wax") and ξύλον (xúlon, "wood").
Ceroxylon is most closely related to the genus Oraniopsis, which is restricted to northern Australia. The common ancestor of both genera likely dispersed across the Antarctic land bridge during the Late Eocene.
Ceroxylon palms develop single, smooth, wax-covered, often whitish cylindrical trunks encircled by ringed leafbase scars. Ceroxylon species are dioecious (the individual plant produces flowers of only one sex). Leaves are pinnate. Inflorescences emerge from among, and often project conspicuously beyond the leaves. Round fruits, up to one inch in diameter, are red or orange at maturity. Many Ceroxylon species are endangered by habitat destruction.
Two species of Andean wax palms, C. quindiuense and C. alpinum, provide nesting sites and food for a species of Colombian parrot now in danger of extinction, Ognorhynchus icterotis.
In Colombia, Ceroxylon palms are frequently harvested for their wood. Ceroxylon palm leaves are also used in Palm Sunday ceremonies.
Several Ceroxylon species, including C. quindiuense, C. alpinum, C. vogelianum, C. ventricosum, and C. parvifrons, are cultivated as ornamental trees outside their native range in cool, humid, mild climates with minimal frosts, such as parts of Australia, coastal California, Hawai'i, New Zealand, South Africa, and coastal Western Europe. The Jose Celestino Mutis Botanical Garden in Bogotá, Colombia, contains an extensive planting of Ceroxylon palms. Other public gardens where cultivated Ceroxylon spp. can be viewed include the San Francisco Botanical Garden in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California, the Huntington Botanical Gardens, in Pasadena (near Los Angeles), California, and the Oakland Palmetum at the Lakeside Garden Center in Oakland, California.
The genus contains the following species:
Copernicia alba

Copernicia alba is a South American species of palm tree, which is found in the Humid Chaco ecoregion in Bolivia, Paraguay, Colombia, Brazil (in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul) and Argentina (especially the province of Formosa, and less abundantly towards drier areas). They often, but not always, form dense single-species woodlands. Its common names in Spanish show the various colours (and technical qualities) that the trunk takes according to its environment: palma blanca, palma negra, palma colorada ("white", "black", and "red" palm, respectively). In Guaraní, it is called caranday, "water palm". Its English trade name is wax palm or caranday wax palm (it belongs to the same genus as the Carnauba wax palm).
C. alba can reach 25 m in height and 40 cm in girth. The trunk is cylindrical, rarely bifurcated, and has a grayish trunk with a smooth surface in adult specimens. The leaves are persistent, grouped at the apex of the trunk, and measuring between 40 and 70 cm. The inflorescence is almost 2 m long; the flowers are hermaphroditic, about 4 mm long, with a tubular yellowish green corolla, and arranged in a spiral pattern. Each flower has three ovaries, of which only one develops into a globular fruit, a dark pulpous berry that contains a light-brown, 12-mm-long ovoid seed.
Young specimens have a lightweight semihard wood, which becomes hard and heavier in mature individuals, reaching a relative density up to 0.92. This wood finds its main use in telephone and electrical line poles.
Ancient peoples in South America used wax palm for making candles by scraping away wax on the leaves.
In Paraguay, C. alba is currently studied for its suitability as a biodiesel oil crop.
Coat of arms of Colombia

The coat of arms of Colombia contains a shield with numerous symbols. Perched on top of the shield is an Andean condor holding an olive crown and the condor symbolizing freedom. The national motto, Libertad y Orden (Spanish for Liberty and Order), is on a scroll in between the bird and the shield in black font over golden background. The condor is depicted as displayed (with his wings extended) and looking to the right.
The national flag is draped on each side of the shield. The shield is broken into three portions. In the lowermost portion is a depiction of ships, pointing to the maritime history of Colombia, mainly to the Isthmus of Panama, which was part of Colombia until 1903. Nowadays represents the two oceans that border the country (Atlantic and Pacific). The sails mean the Colombian commerce with the rest of the world and the rising economy. In the middle section, over a field of silver (argent), the Phrygian cap is presented; this being a traditional symbol of liberty and freedom. The topmost section contains a pomegranate over a blue (azure) field, as a symbol of the Vice royalty of New Granada (early colonial name of Colombia back in the 18th century), in the middle flanked by two cornucopias or horns of plenty: the one at the right with golden and silver coins and the one at the left with tropical fruits. This portion represents the agricultural and mineral wealth of Colombian soil.
The coat of arms of the Republic was designed by Francisco de Paula Santander, and was adopted via Act 3 of 9 May 1834, with later non-essential modifications according to Ordinance 861 of 1924.
National coat of arms
Historical coats of arms
Other versions
Fauna of Colombia

The fauna of Colombia is characterized by a high biodiversity, with the highest rate of species by area unit worldwide.
Colombia has the largest number of endemic species (species that are not found naturally anywhere else) worldwide. About 10% of the species in the world live in Colombia. Some determinant factors in the distribution range of the species are the weather conditions, temperature, humidity and sunlight availability.
Endemics can easily become endangered or extinct due to their restricted habitat and vulnerability to the actions of man, including the introduction of new organisms.
According to the Colombian Ministry of Environment, the following ecoregions have the highest percentage of endemic species:
Over 1800 species of birds have been described in Colombia, (more than the number of existent bird species in North America and Europe combined). Some of the bird species in Colombia are:
The Andean condor inhabits the Andes mountain range. Although it is primarily a scavenger, feeding on carrion, this species belongs to the New World vulture family Cathartidae.
The condor is one of the largest birds on earth with a wingspan ranging from 274 to 310 cm (108–122 in) and weighing up to 11–15 kg (24–33 lb) for males and 7.5–11 kg (16–24 lb) for females, but overall length can range from 117 to 135 cm (46 to 53 inches).
The adult plumage is of a uniform black, with the exception of a frill of white feathers nearly surrounding the base of the neck and, especially in the male, large patches or bands of white on the wings which do not appear until the completion of the first molting.
There are 456 reported species of mammals in Colombia. Of these, about 22% are endangered or critically endangered. Most of the threatened species status are due to human activities, in particular destruction of plant and animal habitats driven by local consumption of organic resources, especially related to tropical forest destruction.
While most of the species that are becoming extinct are not food species, their biomass is converted into human food when their habitat is transformed into pasture and cropland.
Colombia has the largest number of terrestrial mammals species in the world, including among others:
Colombia has the largest number of amphibians in the world (including frogs, toads, salamanders and caecilians) with 589 species, 208 of them being endangered, being the zoological group with the highest rate of endangerment. Some causes related with the decline of the amphibians are: chytridiomycosis, habitat destruction, drought, air pollution, water pollution and illegal trade.
Colombia has high fish diversity, with a 2017 estimate suggesting 1,494 species of freshwater fishes. Following a rapid inventory of the Bajo Caguán-Caquetá region in 2019, there are 513 known species in the Caquetá river and 148 known species in the Caguán. During this inventory eight species were identified as possibly new to science.
There are more than 80 genera of land gastropods in (continental) Colombia.
Rambhā (actriz)

Rambha (5 de junio de 1976 en Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh), es una actriz de cine india. Nació el con el nombre de Viyaia Lakshmí (en telugú: విజయలక్ష్మి/రంభ).
Primero utilizó el seudónimo era Amritha, pero se lo cambiaron a Rambha, que es el nombre de la mítica reina de las apsarás ninfas cortesanas del paraíso en el hinduismo. La actriz Rambha ha actuado en más de 100 filmes del sur de la India y en muchos filmes de Bollywood (la inmensa industria del cine, en Bombay). Ha actuado en películas en idioma bengalí, bhojpurí, hindi, kannada, malaialam, tamil y telugú.
Rambha es popular en los filmes de Bollywood por su asombroso parecido a Divia Bharati, una actriz que falleció en la cresta de su éxito en Bollywood. Es bizca (lo que ella considera que es un atractivo más de su rostro).
Alicia Rodríguez (actriz chilena)

Alicia Luz Rodríguez Díaz (Santiago, 21 de mayo de 1992) es una actriz chilena de cine y televisión. Debutó en 2009 en la película Navidad. En 2012 protagonizó la película Joven y alocada, actuación que fue premiada en el Festival de Cine Iberoamericano de Huelva con el Colón de Plata a la mejor actriz.
Alicia nació el 21 de mayo de 1992 en Santiago, Chile. Su madre Juana Díaz, es una reconocida diseñadora de ropa, y su padre Isidro Rodríguez, un violinista. Sus padres se separaron cuando ella era pequeña.​ Estudió parte de su infancia en un colegio Waldorf, pero después estudio en un colegio tradicional llamado Rubén Darío.​ Es también sobrina del director de fotografía Gabriel Díaz y prima de la actriz Begoña Basauri.
Consiguió su primer papel en la película Navidad, estrenada en Cannes a sus 17 años. También participó de las películas: La vida de los peces de Matías Bize, Gatos viejos de Sebastián Silva & Pedro Peirano, y Bonsái de Cristián Jiménez. En 2012 protagonizó la tan aclamada película Joven y alocada de Marialy Rivas, película ganadora en Sundance al mejor guion.
En 2015 obtiene su primer papel en una teleserie, en La poseída, la nueva nocturna de TVN.
Jesús Morales (actriz)

Jesús Morales Sagástegui (Lima, 4 de enero de 1925-Lima, 28 de enero de 2024) fue una reconocida actriz cómica y locutora radial peruana.​
Jesús Morales nació en Lima en 1925. Hizo estudios de Educación, especialidad Castellano y Literatura, en la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos,​ graduándose en 1945. Solo ejercería esta carrera por 4 años ya que en 1949 ingresa a trabajar en la radio como actriz de radionovelas. Se casó y tuvo 2 hijas (Liliana y Lorena).
Trabajó en diversas radioemisoras como La Crónica, Centra" y Nacional, al lado de figuras como Elvira Travesí, Elva Alcandré, Roberto Airaldi, entre otros. Su afición la lleva a seguir estudios de teatro en la Escuela Nacional de Arte Escénico, teniendo como director al actor español Edmundo Barbero. Fue en el programa El mundo en 10 minutos, en el que se daban las noticias en plan cómico, que la escuchó Tulio Loza y la convenció de trabajar con él. Así, tras trece años en radio, dio el salto a la televisión que recién iniciaba en Perú.​
En lo que más se le recuerda en televisión es por su actuación como "Doña Epidemia" en la secuencia Cosas de Callejón al lado de Antonio Salim quien interpretaba al popular "Roncayulo" en los programas cómicos El tornillo (1968-1975) y Nemesio (1970) de Panamericana Televisión y grabando juntos además entre 1967 y 1979, una docena de álbumes de comedia musical producidos por Mario Cavagnaro. Siempre en la misma cadena de TV, se constituyó durante la década de los años 1980 en uno de los pilares del estelar programa cómico sabatino Risas y Salsa y posteriormente pasó a América Televisión para el programa Risas de América (1997-1999). También participó en varias telenovelas como El diario de Pablo Marcos, El hombre que debe morir (1993) y El cura de mi barrio.​
Ha participado en el teatro, en obras como A puerta cerrada de Jean Paul Sartre, Ollantay y El burlador de Sevilla en la puesta del elenco del Teatro de la Universidad de San Marcos (TUSM) por el Centenario de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.
Falleció el domingo 28 de enero de 2024,​ días después de que la actriz celebrara sus 99 años. Ella deja un extenso legado en el ambiente artístico y fue durante muchos años un referente de la comicidad en la historia de la televisión peruana.
Asociación de Críticos de Hollywood

Hollywood Creative Alliance (HCA) —Asociación de Críticos de Hollywood— es una organización de críticos de cine en Los Ángeles, California. Fue fundada en 2016 como Sociedad de Críticos de Cine en Línea de Los Ángeles y rebautizada en 2019 como Asociación de Críticos de Hollywood.​ En 2023, la organización cambió su nombre por segunda vez, y renombró​ sus premios como Astra Television Awards —Premios Astra—. ​
Fue fundada en 2016 por Scott Menzel, Scott Mantz y Ashley Menzel, después de señalar que Los Ángeles solo tenía una organización de críticos de cine. Su propósito es ser un grupo de críticos que sea diverso y apoye voces subrepresentadas y es el primer grupo de críticos en separar los honores de dirección por género. "Ha habido mucha conversación sobre el poder de las cineastas y queríamos acogerlo", dijo Scott Mantz.​
En mayo de 2021, la HCA anunció que sus primeros premios televisivos inaugurales de la Asociación de Críticos de Hollywood se llevarán a cabo en persona el domingo 22 de agosto de 2021 en Los Ángeles, California, Ashley Menzel declaró: “Durante estos últimos catorce meses, muchos de nosotros he estado viendo más televisión que nunca. Es por eso que estamos absolutamente encantados de que nuestro primer evento en persona para 2021 comience con un evento completamente nuevo que rinde homenaje a lo mejor de la televisión ”.​
Cada diciembre, la asociación publica las nominaciones para los HCA Film Awards, que se celebran en enero del año siguiente. La ceremonia inaugural de premios cinematográficos tuvo lugar el 10 de enero de 2018.​
La Asociación de Críticos de Hollywood anunció que lanzarán los premios HCA TV Awards el 24 de marzo de 2021. La ceremonia inaugural de premios televisivos tendrá lugar el 22 de agosto de 2021.​
6.º Edición de premios de cine de la Asociación de Críticos de Hollywood
Jean Hollywood

Jean Hollywood (Los Ángeles, California; 19 de septiembre de 1999) es un actor pornográfico queer estadounidense, antes conocido como actriz como Ella Hollywood.
Hollywood es natural de la ciudad californiana de Los Ángeles, donde nació en septiembre de 1999. Sin conocerse muchos datos acerca de su vida anterior a su entrada en la industria, hizo su debut oficial en el cine para adultos, entonces como actriz, en diciembre de 2018, con 19 años,​ cuando filmó su primera escena en solitario, Starlet Is Born – Ella Hollywood, grabada por el director Buddy Wood para la web TS-Casting Couch.com, perteneciente a la empresa Grooby Productions.​
Además de las producciones dirigidas por Grooby, ha trabajado con estudios como Gender X, Evil Angel, Devil's Film, TransErotica, Trans Angels, Transsensual, Mancini Productions, Pure TS, Mile High, Feminized, Kink.com o Smash Pictures, entre otros.​
Con posterioridad, comenzó sus primeros trabajos como modelo erótica y grabando sus primeras películas, apareciendo en producciones como Family Transformation,​ Trans Babysitters 2,​ TS Hot Wives,​ Trans-Active 2,​ Stand By Your Trans​ o Trannylicious 3,​​ entre otros.
En 2020 recibió sus primeras nominaciones en los Premios AVN,​ siendo reconocida en la categoría de Artista transexual del año, así como en la de Mejor escena de sexo transexual en grupo por la película Menage à Trans 4.​
Ha grabado más de 140 películas.​
DiDi Hollywood

DiDi Hollywood es una película española del director de cine Bigas Luna. Los papeles protagonistas corren a cargo de Elsa Pataky, Paul Sculfor y Luis Hacha. La película se estrenó el 15 de octubre de 2010.​
El título de la película rinde honores a la actriz francesa Brigitte Bardot, conocida también como "B.B."​
Cuenta la historia de una actriz y su deseo de triunfar en Hollywood, la meca del cine. Su nombre es Diana Díaz (DiDi), una joven que tiene un sueño, llegar a ser una estrella, y está dispuesta a conseguirlo ... a cualquier precio.
Hollywood (Florida)

Hollywood es una ciudad ubicada en el condado de Broward en el estado estadounidense de Florida. En el Censo de 2020 tenía una población de 153,067 habitantes y una densidad poblacional de 2,168.72 personas por km².​
Hollywood se encuentra ubicada en las coordenadas 26°1′52″N 80°9′53″O﻿ / ﻿26.03111, -80.16472. Según la Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos, Hollywood tiene una superficie total de 79.5 km², de la cual 70.88 km² corresponden a tierra firme y (10.85%) 8.62 km² es agua.​
Según el censo de 2010,​ había 140.768 personas residiendo en Hollywood. La densidad de población era de 1.770,62 hab./km². De los 140.768 habitantes, Hollywood estaba compuesto por el 72.67% blancos, el 16.75% eran afroamericanos, el 0.37% eran amerindios, el 2.41% eran asiáticos, el 0.09% eran isleños del Pacífico, el 4.47% eran de otras razas y el 3.25% pertenecían a dos o más razas. Del total de la población el 32.55% eran hispanos o latinos de cualquier raza.​
Según el censo de 2000, de los 3.969 hogares, en el 24,9% de ellos viven menores de edad, 41,5% están formados por parejas casadas que viven juntas, 11,9% son llevados por una mujer sin esposo presente y 42,2% no son familias. El 34,4% de todos los hogares están formados por una sola persona y 13,1% de ellos incluyen a una persona de más de 65 años. El promedio de habitantes por hogar es de 2,31 y el tamaño promedio de las familias es de 3,00 personas.
El 21,3% de la población de la ciudad tiene menos de 18 años, el 7,0% tiene entre 18 y 24 años, el 31,3% tiene entre 25 y 44 años, el 23,1% tiene entre 45 y 64 años y el 17,3% tiene más de 65 años de edad. La edad media es de 39 años. Por cada 100 mujeres hay 94,1 hombres y por cada 100 mujeres de más de 18 años hay 90,9 hombres.
El sueldo medio de un hogar de la ciudad es de $36.714, y el sueldo medio de una familia es de $44.849. Los hombres ganan en promedio $33.102 contra $27.237 para las mujeres. El sueldo per cápita en la ciudad es de $22.097 el 9,9% de la población y 13,2% de las familias tienen sueldos por debajo del nivel de pobreza. De la población total bajo el nivel de pobreza, el 18,1% son menores de 18 y el 11,8% son mayores de 65 años.
Las Escuelas Públicas del Condado de Broward gestiona las escuelas públicas.
La Biblioteca del Condado de Broward gestiona las bibliotecas públicas.