davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Jack Horner

John R. “Jack” Horner es un profesor, paleontólogo y dinosauriólogo estadounidense, nacido en Shelby, Montana, el 15 de junio de 1946. Es quizá uno de los paleontólogos estadounidenses vivos más conocido fuera del ámbito científico. Su fama proviene de su descubrimiento y definición de dos nuevas especies de dinosaurio: Maiasaura y Orodromeus. Ha sido el primer paleontólogo que descubrió evidencias en el registro fósil que indicaban cuidado parental de determinadas especies de dinosaurios al descubrir una colonia de puestas de huevos de Maiasaura en Montana. En 2001 descubrió restos fósiles del mayor Tyrannosaurus rex de entre los cinco conocidos hasta la fecha.
Nacido en Shelby (Montana), se formó en la Universidad de Montana donde se licenció en las especialidades de geología y biología. Durante la guerra de Vietnam sirvió durante dos años en las Fuerzas Especiales del Cuerpo de Marines de los Estados Unidos.
En 1975 fue contratado como investigador asistente del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad de Princeton, donde trabajó hasta 1982. A partir de aquel año y hasta la actualidad el Dr. Horner trabaja como conservador paleontológico del Museo de las Rocosas (Museum of the Rockies) en la Universidad Estatal de Montana en Bozeman, y profesor regente de Paleontología en esta misma universidad. Aunque nunca completó su tesis doctoral, realizó una excelente tesis de licenciatura sobre la fauna de la formación caliza de Bear Gulch en Montana, que es un Lagerstätte de conservación datado en el Misisípico de los más famosos del mundo.​ La Universidad de Montana le recompensó con un Doctorado Honoris Causa en Ciencias en 1986, año en el que también fue premiado con una beca MacArthur.
Jack Horner es autor de más de 100 publicaciones científicas. De entre sus obras de divulgación científica cabe destacar Digging Dinosaurs (1988), Complete T-rex (con D. Lessem, 1993), Maia, A Dinosaur Grows Up (1985), Digging Up Tyrannosaurus rex (con D. Lessem, 1992), Dinosaur Eggs and Babies (1994), y Dinosaur Lives (1997).
Horner ha sido el supervisor científico de las películas de la serie Jurassic Park de Steven Spielberg.
Como dato curioso, el paleontólogo Alan Grant, de esta serie de películas, está inspirado en Jack Horner. Incluso, en el videojuego "Jurassic Park" (1993) de la consola Super Nintendo, el jugador puede ir encontrando pequeñas pistas en forma de letras desordenadas a lo largo y ancho de la isla, que completas y ya ordenadas, forman la palabra "HORNER", haciendo alusión a Jack.
La abreviatura Horner se emplea para indicar a Jack Horner como autoridad en la descripción y taxonomía en zoología.
Hornero

The hornero birds are members of the genus Furnarius in the family Furnariidae, native to South America. The English common name appears in many books as "ovenbird".
Horneros are brown birds with rather short tails and fairly long bills. They are known for building mud nests that resemble old wood-fired ovens (the Spanish word "hornero" comes from horno, meaning "oven"). These nests have a unique chambered construction. While many Furnariids have different nests, the hornero nest is the reason for the common name applied to the entire family; ovenbirds (they are unrelated to the parulid warbler called the ovenbird in the United States). The size and exact shape of the hornero nest varies depending on the species. They generally lay two to four eggs, although the breeding behavior of the bay hornero is virtually unknown.
Adult horneros can frequently be seen sitting on top of their nest. Except for the uncommon and relatively shy bay hornero, horneros are typically fairly common and highly conspicuous birds. They are generally noisy. All horneros are partially terrestrial, and commonly seen walking on the ground with a relatively upright posture.
The rufous hornero is a national emblem of Argentina and Uruguay, two of the several countries it inhabits.
The genus Furnarius was introduced in 1816 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot to accommodate a single species, the rufous hornero, which therefore becomes the type species. The genus name is from Latin furnarius meaning "baker" (from furnus meaning "oven").
The genus contains eight species:
Brown-chested martin

The brown-chested martin (Progne tapera) is a species of passerine bird in the swallow family.
It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, the United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, and is a vagrant to Chile and the Falkland Islands. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, rivers, and heavily degraded former forest.
It usually swoops at low heights, showing white on the sides of its tail, with wings bowed. It may dig burrows into banks to nest (or occasionally in snags) or sometimes use old hornero nests.
It eats insects, especially termites and winged ants.
It often congregates in groups of up to tens of thousands around dusk.
Lesser hornero

The lesser hornero (Furnarius minor) is a species of bird in the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is closely related to the Pale-legged hornero, and their global distribution overlaps somewhat. This species is monotypic, meaning there is only one subspecies.
The lesser hornero is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, along the banks of the Amazon River and some of its major tributaries. It is a river specialist, feeding and breeding mostly in river island scrub and early successional scrub along the edge of white-water rivers and on young river islands and, in Peru the understory of Cecropia forest. This type of successional habitat is dependent on seasonal flooding and is patchily distributed along the length of its range. It is found from 50 to 200 m (160–660 ft) above sea-level.
The lesser hornero is a very small ovenbird, 12 to 13 cm (4.7–5.1 in) in length and weighing 23 to 29 g (0.81–1.02 oz). The head is grey with a prominent white stripe above the eye, a white throat, a rufous rump and wings, tawny-buff breast and flanks becoming paler below. The bill is long and straight. Both sexes are alike, and the plumage of juvenile birds has not been described.
The lesser hornero feeds on arthropods and other invertebrates. It hunts individually or in pairs, searching the ground, river-shore mud or low branches for prey, often foraging in dense cover. Like other species in its genus, it constructs a mud "oven" nest in the branches of trees, and lines the nest with grasses and hair. The clutch size is four eggs. Little else is known about its nesting habits, other than it has been recorded building its nests in November and incubating in January.
Bay hornero

The bay hornero or pale-billed hornero (Furnarius torridus) is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and possibly Eucador.
The bay hornero was originally described as a species but some early 20th century authors treated it as a subspecies of the pale-legged hornero (F. leucopus). Since the 1930s most taxonomists have again treated it as a species and early 2010s genetic data confirmed that treatment. However, even as late as 1973 one author considered it a color morph of the pale-legged.
The bay hornero is monotypic.
The bay hornero is 16 to 19 cm (6.3 to 7.5 in) long and weighs about 53 g (1.9 oz). It is a stout hornero with a long and nearly straight bill. The sexes' plumages are alike. Adults have a dull buffy white supercilium. Their crown and nape are grayish brown. Their back, rump, uppertail and wing coverts, and tail are chestnut brown ("bay"). Most of their wing is also chestnut brown, with a small area of pale rufous on the inner primaries. Their throat is white with dark tawny brown sides. Their breast is dark tawny brown, their flanks buffy brown, their belly whitish, and their undertail coverts dusky with chestnut brown tips. Their iris is brown or reddish brown, their maxilla light horn brown with a darker base and culmen, their mandible whitish, cream, or pinkish gray, and their legs and feet cream or very light pink.
The bay hornero is found in the western Amazon Basin along the rios Huallaga, Ucayali, and Napo in Peru, and through extreme southern Colombia and western Brazil along the upper Amazon (rio Solimões). A sight record in Ecuador leads the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society to call it hypothetical in that country.
The bay hornero primarily inhabits middle-aged river islands that undergo annual flooding, typically in stands of Cecropia. It also occurs on older islands and in várzea forest along the rivers. In Colombia most of the few records are grassy islands.
The bay hornero is a year-round resident throughout its range.
The bay hornero's diet and foraging behavior are poorly known. It forages on the ground, usually in pairs, and usually under vegetation overhangs. It is assumed to feed on arthropods and other terrestrial vertebrates.
The bay hornero's nest is typical of its genus, "a mud dome with a side entrance" on a horizontal tree limb. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.
The bay hornero's song is "a long, descending, staccato series rather like that of Pale-legged [Hornero], but with a distinctive closely spaced, ascending terminal component". It has also been described as a "descending, hurried series of loud, fluted notes, ending in a tremolo". Its calls include "an explosive keek or tseek".
The IUCN has assessed the bay hornero as being of Least Concern. It has a fairly large range and a population of unknown size that is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered "uncommon to fairly common" in Peru.
Албани

Бүгд Найрамдах Албани Улс буюу Албани (Албани хэл: Republika e Shqipлrise) нь Зүүн Европын Балканы хойгийн баруун өмнөд хэсэгт орших Бүгд найрамдах улс юм. Нийслэл нь Тирана.
Баруун талд нь Адриатын тэнгис, баруун өмнө талд нь Ионий тэнгис цэлийж, хойд талаараа Монтенегро, зүүн талаараа Умард Македон, Косово, өмнө талаараа Гректэй хиллэдэг. Мөн Итали улстай Отрантогийн хоолойгоор 72 км зайтай тусгаарлагддаг. Албан ёсны хэл нь- албани хэл.
Нэгдсэн Үндэстний Байгууллага, Европын Аюулгүй Байдлын Хамтын Ажиллагааны Байгууллага, Европын Зөвлөл, Дэлхийн Худалдааны Байгууллага, Газар Дундын Тэнгисийн Холбооны гишүүн. Мөн Европын Холбоонд элсэхээр нэр нь дэвшигдээд байгаа, Умард Атлантын Цэргийн Эвсэлд элсэх урилгыг 2008 оны 4 сард хүлээн авсан орон юм. Тус улс нь албан ёсоор 2009 онд, НАТО-гийн 60 жилийн ойн үеэр 26 улсын цэргийн эвсэлд нэгдэн орох бөгөөд Балканы хойг, Ирак, Афганистан, Чад дахь энхийг сахиулах үйл ажиллагаанд дэмжлэг үзүүлж буй.
Албани нь парламентийн ардчилсан тогтолцоотой, шилжилтийн үеийн эдийн засаг бүхий орон болно. Нийслэл Тиранадаа нийт 3.5 сая хүн амын нь 895,000 нь төвлөрч оршин суудаг, санхүүгийн төв хот нь юм. Чөлөөт зах зээл рүү шилжиж буй тус орон нь гадаадын хөрөнгө оруулалт, ялангуяа эрчим хүч, зам тээврийн дэд бүтцийн салбар дахь гадаадын хөрөнгө оруулалтыг нээлттэй болгож буй.
Османы эзэнт гүрэнд хамаарч ирсэн түүхэн шалтгааны улмаас хүн амын олонхи нь буюу 64% нь исламын шашин сунит урсгалыг шүтдэг ч үнэн алдартны шашин, католик шүтлэгтэн ч элбэг.
Албани хэлээр улсын нэр болох Shqipлrise нь "Бүргэдийн орон" гэсэн утгатай бөгөөд албаничууд өөрсдийгөө бүргэдээс гаралтай гэж үздэг аж. Харин Албани гэдэг нь латин хэлний albus буюу цагаан гэдэг үгнээс гаралтай. Энэ нь шохойн чулуу элбэг байдгаас газар нь цайран харагддаг гэдгээс улбаатай юм байна.
Жэймс Белуши (англи. James Adam Belushi; 1954 онд төрсөн) албани гаралтай америкийн кино жүжигчин.
Тереза эх (жинхэнэ нэр Агнес Гонже Бояжиу; албани. Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, арум. Agnesa (Antigona) Gongea Boiagi; 1910-1997) -албани гаралтай католик шашны зүтгэлтэн, 1979 оны Новелийн шагналтан эмэгтэй.
Энвер Хожа -Албанийн Коммунист намын дарга, 1946-1986 онуудад Бүгд найрамдах Албани улсын төрийн тэргүүн.
Элайза Душку (англи. Eliza Patricia Dushku; 1980 онд төрсөн) албани гаралтай америкийн жүжигчин, найруулагч.
Исмаил Кадаре- албаний хамгийн алдартай зохиолч, орчин цагийн албаний яруу найрагч.
Тус улс нь 12 аймаг, 36 хошуу, 351 суурин газарт хуваагдана.
АНУ-ын Төрийн Их тамга

АНУ-ын Төрийн Их тамга (англи. Great Seal of the United States) Америкийн Нэгдсэн Улсын Засгийн газраас гаргасан баримт бичгийг баталгаажуулсан засгийн газрын бэлгэ тэмдэг бүхий тамга юм. АНУ-ын Төрийн нарийн бичгийн дарга Төрийн Их тамгыг албан ёсны хадаглагч бөгөөд Вашингтон дахь Төрийн департаментын үзэсгэлэнгийн танхимд Төрийн Их тамгыг үзэж болдог ажээ. Тамганы нүүрэн талыг АНУ-ын сүлд гэж үздэг байна. АНУ-ын Төрийн Их тамга нь хоёр талтай байдгаараа онцлогтой.
Тамганы нүүрэн талд АНУ-ын үндэсний бэлгэ тэмдэг болох цагаан халзан бүргэд дүрсэлсэн байдаг. Уг шувуу нэг сарвуудаа 13 сум, нөгөө сарвуунд 13 оливтай оливын мөчир барьсан нь АНУ энх тайвныг хүсдэг ч дайнд үргэлж бэлэн байдгийг бэлгэддэг. Бүргэд нэг биш 13 сум хамт барьж байгаа нь зөвхөн 13 мужийг эв нэгдэлтэй хамт байхдаа хүч чадалтай гэж бэлэгддэг байна. Бүргэдийн толгойг оливын мөчир рүү харсан нь дайнаас илүү энх тайвныг илүүд үздэгийг илтгэдэг байна. Бүргэд хошуундаа "Олон дотроос нэг" гэсэн утгатай "E pluribus unum" гэсэн 13 үсэг бүхий латин бичээстэй туузтай байдаг. Бүргэдийн толгойн дээр цэнхэр үүлэн доторх 13 од 1-4-3-4-1 гэсэн байрлалтай эгнээнд байрладаг бөгөөд энэ нь бүхэлдээ ердийн зургаан өнцөгт үүсгэдэг. Бүргэдийн цээжинд улаан, цагаан өнгө хослуулсан 13 босоо тууз бүхий бамбай дүрсэлсэн байдаг.
Их тамганы ар талд орой хэсэгт нүд дүрсэлсэн титэмтэй дуусаагүй пирамидыг дүрсэлсэн байна. Пирамид нь Массачусеттс, Коннектикут, Рөүд-Айленд, Нью-Хэмпшир, Нью-Йорк, Нью-Жерси, Пеннсилвани, Делавэр, Виржини, Мэрилэнд, Хойд Каролина, Өмнөд Каролина, Жоржиа зэрэг АНУ-ын бүрэлдүүлсэн анхны 13 мужийг бэлгэдэж 13 эгнээнээс бүрдсэнээр дүрсэлсэн байна.
Пирамидын доод эгнээнд 1776 он гэж ромын тоогоор — MDCCLXXVI бичсэн байдаг. Орой дээрх нүдний дүрс нь «Зөгнөн харах Мэлмий» гэсэн утга агуулдаг байна. «Annuit cœptis» гэсэн бичвэр нь «эхлэлийг сайшаав» гэж орчуулагдах бөгөөд «Бурхан бидний эхлэлийг сайшаасан» гэсэн утгатай юм. Пирамидын доогуурх «Novus ordo seclorum» гэсэн бичиг нь — «Олон зууны шинэ журам» гэж орчуулна.
АНУ-ын анхны 13 муж 1776 оны 7-р сарын 4-нд Англиас тусгаар тогтнолоо зарласан тэр өдөр Тивийн анхдугаар конгрессын хороо тус улсын төрийн сүлд болох Төрийн Их тамганы загварыг бүтээжээ. Шинэ муж - Америкийн Нэгдсэн Улс нь тусгаар тогтнолоо баталгаажуулсан албан ёсны бэлгэдэл хэрэгтэй болсон юм. Тамганы эцсийн загварыг гаргахын тулд зургаан жил, Тивийн Конгрессын гурван хороо ажилласан байна.
Эхний хороонд Бенжамин Франклин, Жон Адамс, Томас Жефферсон нар багтсан бөгөөд тус бүр өөрийн Их тамганы хувилбарыг санал болгосон боловч Конгресс тэднийг батлаагүй. Эцэст нь 1782 онд Конгрессын нарийн бичгийн дарга Чарльз Томсон өмнө нь санал болгосон бүх хувилбаруудыг нэгтгэн авч, Төрийн Их тамганы уг хувилбарыг санал болгосон түүхтэй.
АНУ-ын Төрийн Их тамгыг 1782 оны 6-р сарын 20-нд Конгресс баталж 5.72 сантиметр (2.25 инч) диаметртэй зэс эх хувийг цутгажээ.
Төрийн Их тамгыг анх 1782 оны 9-р сарын 16-нд Томсон Жорж Вашингтонд хоригдлуудыг солилцох хэлэлцээр хийх эрх олгосон баримт бичигт гарын үсэг зурж уг тамгыг баталгаажуулахын тулд ашигласан байна.
Албанийн төрийн далбаа

Албани Улсын төрийн далбааны төв хэсэгт улаан өнгийн дэвсгэр дээр хар өнгийн хоёр толгойтой бүргэд бүхий далбаа юм. 1992 оны дөрөвдүгээр сарын 7-ноос хойш өнөөгийн хэлбэрээр байгаа. Хос бүргэд нь Византын Эзэнт Гүрэн ба Ариун Ромын Эзэнт Гүрний үеэс эхлэн хэрэглэгдэж байсан эртний бэлгэдэл юм.
Төрийн далбаа нь 15-р зуунд Османы Эзэнт Гүрний эсрэг албаничуудыг удирдан тэмцээд, богино хугацаанд тусгаар тогтнуулсан (1443 оноос 1478 он хүртэл) Албанийн үндэсний баатар Скандербегийн тамганы дүрснээс улбаатай. Скандербегийн тамганы бүргэд нь эргээд Византын Эзэнт Гүрнээс гаралтай аж. Туркүүдийн өөдөөс 25 жилийн турш насан эцэслэх хүртлээ 25 томоохон тулалдааныг удирдан тэмцсэн Скандербегийг хүндэтгэн 25 өдтэй хос толгойтой бүргэдийг түүнд олгожээ.
Хос бүргэдийг Итали дахь албаничуудын нэгэн овог болох Арберешуудын дунд уламжлагдан хадгалагдсаар орчин үетэй золгожээ. Бүргэдийн дүрс нь Неаполь дахь Скандербегийн ач хүүгийн шарилын чулуун дээр өнөөг хүртэл байдаг байна. Далбаа 19-р зууны төгсгөл үеэр албаничуудын үндэстний үзэл дээшлэхтэй зэрэгцэн Османы Эзэнт Гүрнээс гадуур хэвлэгдсэн албанийн нэгэн хэвлэл дээр нийтлэгдсэнээр эргэн гарч ирсэн байдаг.
Төрийн ба тэнгис дэх дайны далбаа нь ЗХУ-ын Тэнгисийн Зэвсэгт Хүчний далбааг эхээ болгожээ. 2008 оны нэгдүгээр сарын 1-нд зэвсэгт хүчний төрөл бүрийн салбарууд өөр өөрийн гэсэн далбаатай болжээ..
Mews (falconry)

In falconry, a mews is a birdhouse designed to house one or more birds of prey.
In falconry there are two types of mews: the freeloft mews and traditional mews. Traditional mews usually consist of partitioned spaces designed to keep tethered birds separated with perches for each bird in the partitioned space. Many birds can be safely and comfortably housed in this setup. Traditional mews must be accompanied by a weathering yard to allow captive raptors adequate time outside as most traditional mews do not permit tethered raptors to spend time outdoors.
Freeloft mews allow captive raptors more freedom of motion, and require much more space, as usually only one raptor may safely occupy the much larger chambers. Mews chambers can be as small as 36 square feet (3.3 m) and are frequently much larger, often occupying as much space as a small house and sometimes reaching as high as three storeys. Birds are allowed to fly free within the chamber, and very often can choose between a number of perches.
The word "mews" came from French muer = "to change", because falconry birds were put in the mews while they were moulting.
Cessna 421 Golden Eagle

The Cessna 421 Golden Eagle is an American six or seven seat twin-engined light transport aircraft, developed in the 1960s by Cessna as a pressurized version of the earlier Cessna 411.
The Cessna 421 was first produced in May 1967, the 1968 model year. It had "Stabila-Tip" fuel tanks on the wingtips (like the Cessna 310). Its electro-mechanical landing gear are similar to that of the 310. It was an immediate hit, selling 200 planes in its first year.
The very next year, 1969, the design was refined, with a three-inch stretch of the fuselage, five more gallons of fuel capacity, and a 40-pound increase in gross weight. The plane was redesignated the Cessna 421A.
In 1971, the design was again improved. Both empty and gross weight increased, the wingspan was increased by two feet, raising the service ceiling by 5,000 feet. The nose was stretched two feet to accommodate a larger nose baggage section. This new plane is designated the Cessna 421B.
In 1975, the plane was offered with a package of equipment enabling flight into known icing conditions.
In 1976, the 421C appeared which featured wet wings, the absence of wingtip fuel tanks and landing gear that was changed from straight-leg to a trailing-link design from the 1981 model year onwards. Production ended in 1985 after 1,901 aircraft had been delivered.
The 421 was first certified on 1 May 1967 and shares a common type certificate with models 401, 402, 411, 414 and 425.
Some 421s have been modified to accept turboprop engines, making them very similar to the Cessna 425, which itself is a turboprop development of the 421.
The 421 is an all-metal low-wing cabin monoplane with a retractable tricycle landing gear, and powered by two geared Continental GTSIO-520-D engines, wing-mounted in tractor configuration. The cabin is accessed from a door, on the left hand side behind the wing, and has seating for six on the basic 421, or up to ten on later variants.
Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976–77
General characteristics
Performance
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Media related to Cessna 421 at Wikimedia Commons
Red Cap (TV series)

Red Cap is a British television drama series, produced by Stormy Pictures for the BBC and broadcast on BBC One. A total of thirteen episodes were broadcast over the course of two series, beginning with a feature-length pilot on 28 December 2001. The series follows the investigations and personal relationships of a British Army Special Investigation Branch unit of the Royal Military Police based in Germany.
The series initially focused on lead character, Sergeant Jo McDonagh (Tamzin Outhwaite), who was nicknamed McDoughnut, but later series played out as more of an ensemble piece, with several notable characters coming to prominence. A number of fictional regiments were featured in the series, including the Bedford Light Infantry, the Royal Cumbrian Fusiliers, the Wessex Regiment and the Derbyshire Light Infantry.
According to BBC sources, Outhwaite spent a week familiarising herself with Army life at the Reserve Training and Mobilisation Centre in Chilwell, Nottingham, prior to filming the series. Training included unarmed combat, 9mm pistol training, driving, drill, and understanding the Army's labyrinthine hierarchical structure. The series creator and writer, Emmy and Golden Globe nominee Patrick Harbinson, was in the army himself and previously wrote fifteen episodes of the ITV military series Soldier Soldier. A BBC spokesman said; "With such experience, Patrick infuses Red Cap with a tangible sense of realism."
On 13 March 2004 Red Cap was axed by BBC executives, who cited: "At a cost of £10 million and an audience of just 5.5 million, executives thought it would not be worthwhile to renew it for another series."
Challenger (eagle)

Challenger is a non-releasable bald eagle in the care of the non-profit American Eagle Foundation. He is the first bald eagle in history trained to free fly over stadium events, including the World Series and United States presidential inaugurations.
At some point, during a storm in 1989, Challenger was blown from his nest as an eaglet. He was found and fed by well-meaning humans who placed him with a rehabilitation program. During his early years, he experienced too much human contact and imprinted on his human handlers. Two unsuccessful release attempts (including one that almost cost him his life) resulted in Challenger being deemed non-releasable, and he was eventually handed over to the Federal authorities. Authorities have since given Challenger to the American Eagle Foundation for care and educational programs. He lives with other birds of prey in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee. Challenger is named in honor of the space shuttle crew, who were killed when it disintegrated shortly after launch.
In 2019, on Challenger's 30th birthday, American Eagle Foundation announced that the eagle would be retired from free flights and make only gloved appearances. In June 2024 the eagle underwent successful cataract surgery.
Challenger has been an ambassador for his species since 1993. He has raised a great level of public awareness for the habitat destruction of the bald eagle. When the bald eagle was taken off the Endangered Species List, Challenger represented his species during the delisting ceremony at the White House.
Lavarand

Lavarand, also known as the Wall of Entropy, is a hardware random number generator designed by Silicon Graphics that worked by taking pictures of the patterns made by the floating material in lava lamps, extracting random data from the pictures allegedly using the result to seed a pseudorandom number generator.
Although the secondary part of the random number generation uses a pseudorandom number generator, the full process essentially qualifies as a "true" random number generator due to the random seed that is used. However, its applicability is limited by its low bandwidth.
It was covered under the now-expired U.S. patent 5,732,138, titled "Method for seeding a pseudo-random number generator with a cryptographic hash of a digitization of a chaotic system." by Landon Curt Noll, Robert G. Mende, and Sanjeev Sisodiya.
From 1997 to 2001, there was a website at lavarand.sgi.com demonstrating the technique. Landon Curt Noll, one of the process's originators, went on to help develop LavaRnd, which does not use lava lamps. Despite the short life of lavarand.sgi.com, it is often cited as an example of an online random number source.
As of 2017, Cloudflare maintains a similar system of lava lamps for securing Internet traffic, which it also calls the "Wall of Entropy".
Sukan Asia Tenggara 2013

Sukan Asia Tenggara ke-27 dijadualkan akan diadakan di Naypyidaw, ibu negara baru Myanmar, dan termasuk bandar utama lain, Yangon, Mandalay dan Pantai Ngwesaung.
Maskot rasmi Sukan SEA 2013 ialah sepasang burung hantu yang dianggap sebagai pembawa tuah dalam tradisi Myanmar. Yang jantan bernama Shwe Yoe sementara yang betina bernama Ma Moe.
Upacara pembukaan diadakan pada 11 Disember 2013 di Stadium Wunna Theikdi. Ia menandakan temasya sukan terbesar di Myanmar sejak tahun 1969. Majlis yang ditaja oleh China ini didahului dengan hiburan pra-pelancaran dengan pertunjukan cahaya dramatis.
Bunga api dilepaskan ketika kemasukan Presiden Thein Sein ke dalam stadium. Lagu tema "Colourful Garden" didendangkan pada upacara penaikan bendera selepas persembahan oleh 12,000 orang murid sekolah serta Myanmar Royal Auspicious Orchestra. Pengerusi Jawatankuasa Penganjuran Sukan SEA ke-27, Naib Presiden Nyan Tun mengisytiharkan pembukaan Sukan SEA dengan satu lagi pertunjukan bunga api yang menerangi malam. Larian obor bertukar-tukar tangan melalui enam orang bekas olahragawan Myanmar sehingga Aye Myint Kyu selaku Menteri Kebudayaan menyerahkannya kepada seorang pemanah Myanmar yang menyala kawah Sukan dengan menembakkan anak panah ke dalamnya.
Diadakannya pertunjukan seni dan kebudayaan tentang sejarah Myanmar diiringi dengan persembahan tarian di akhir upacara.
Myanmar mengadakan 37 jenis sukan, iaitu kurang daripada Sukan Asia Tenggara 2011 di Indonesia. Pihak penganjur tidak menyertakan bola tampar pantai dan sukan menari kerana mendapati pakaiannya tidak sesuai dengan wanita tempatan. Tenis dan gimnastik dalam acara-acara Olimpik yang pantang diadakan pada bulan Disember. Dalam edisi Sukan SEA kali ini, floorball turut diadakan sebagai sukan demonstrasi. Sukan-sukan berikut diadakan dalam Sukan SEA 2013.
Tuan rumah
* Negara tuan rumah (Myanmar)
Malaysia di Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 1964

Malaysia mengambil bahagian di Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 1964 di Tokyo, Jepun. Buat pertama kalinya kontinjen negara bertanding atas nama Persekutuan Malaysia yang mana menampilkan Semenanjung Malaysia, Singapura, Sabah dan Sarawak. Seramai 61 atlet yang terdiri daripada 57 lelaki and 4 wanita, mengambil bahagian dalam 48 acara dalam 10 jenis sukan.
Berikut adalah senarai bilangan peserta dalam temasya tersebut.
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Dato' Hj Hussein

Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Dato' Hj Hussein atau nama ringkasnya SMK Dato' Hj Hussein, merupakan sebuah Sekolah menengah kebangsaan yang terletak di Jalan Wan Md Razalli.
Pada 2009, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Dato' Hj Hussein memiliki 695 pelajar lelaki dan 763 pelajar perempuan, menjadikan jumlah keseluruhan murid seramai 1458 orang. Ia mempunyai seramai 98 orang guru.. Pada Januari 2024 SMK Dato' Haji Hussein mempunyai 1009 pelajar termasuk PPKI, aliran perdana dan pelajar tingkatan 6.
Nama sekolah tersebut diambil sempena nama ADUN Selama, Perak yang pertama, Allahyarham Dato' Seri Haji Hussein Yaacob. Beliau berasal dari Sungai Bayor, Selama Perak dan berketurunan Melayu yang berasal dari Yala, Pattani. Sebelum menceburi dunia politik, Allahyarham merupakan seorang guru agama dan telah menghabiskan masa menuntut di Mekah, Arab Saudi selama hampir 10 tahun di sana. Allahyarham memulakan kerjaya beliau sebagai seorang ahli politik apabila diberikan amanah oleh Perdana Menteri Malaya, Almarhum Tunku Abdul Rahman untuk bertanding di kerusi tersebut di dalam Pilihanraya Umum Malaya pada tahun 1959 dan seterusnya memenangi kerusi tersebut.
Allahyarham kemudian terus diberikan kepercayaan untuk bertanding di kerusi yang sama oleh Almarhum Tunku dan pengganti beliau, Perdana Menteri Malaysia ke-2, Allahyarham Tun Abdul Razak pada pilihanraya ke-2 (1964) dan ke-3 (1969).
Antara jasa-jasa yang ditaburkan oleh Allahyarham sepanjang beliau berkhidmat sebagai ADUN kawasan Selama, Perak ialah dengan menghadiahkan tanah-tanah milik beliau untuk didirikan sebuah hospital dan sekolah menengah itu sendiri.
Selain daripada itu, tidak ramai yang mengetahui bahawa memandangkan Allahyarham cukup rapat dengan Perdana Menteri ke2, Allahyarham Tun Abdul Razak, beliau telah berjaya meyakinkan Allahyarham untuk memberikan peluang kepada para pemuda yang berasal daripada Selama, Perak untuk terlibat di dalam projek FELDA yang pada ketika itu, ianya masih berada di dalam peringkat awal dan perancangan.
Allahyarham Dato' Seri Haji Hussein menghembuskan nafas beliau yang terakhir pada bulan Mac, 1976. Sebagai mengenang kembali jasa-jasa yang diberikan oleh Allahyarham Dato' Seri Haji Hussein, pihak kerajaan telah mengambil keputusan untuk menamakan semula Sekolah Menengah Selama, Perak kepada Sekolah Menengah Dato' Haji Hussein.
2025 Akmal Danish- Pingat Emas di Sirkit 1 Para Powerlifting Kebangsaan 2025 Angkatan 150kg (rekod peribadi)
2025 - Johan Petanque Remaja Perak 2025 (Kuala Kangsar) pada 15-16 Februari 2025 - MUHAMMAD AFIQ BIN RISMAAZMI
2024 - Petanque ANGKASA Peringkat Kebangsaan Kategori Sekolah Lelaki (Ke-4). Giant Tunjong Kota Bahru Kelantan.
2023 - SMK Dato' Hj Hussein merupakan salah satu pasukan Takraw terkuat di negeri Perak. Pada 2023 sekolah ini mewakili negeri Perak kejohanan MSSM dan hanya melepasi Suku Akhir kejohanan yang berlangsung di Kedah.
Senarai penerima darjah kebesaran negeri Perak 2023

Istiadat pengurniaan darjah kebesaran negeri Perak sempena hari ulang tahun keputeraan Sultan Perak, Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah telah diadakan di Istana Iskandariah di Kuala Kangsar pada 5 November 2023.
Secara keseluruhan, sebanyak 238 penerima bagi tahun 2023. Berikut ialah senarai penerima darjah kebesaran negeri Perak pada 2023.
Penerima darjah ini membawa gelaran Dato' Seri
Penerima darjah ini membawa gelaran Dato' Seri Panglima
Penerima darjah ini membawa gelaran Dato'.
Penerima darjah ini membawa gelaran Dato'.
Penerima darjah ini membawa gelaran Dato' Pahlawan.
Datin

Datin merupakan gelaran pangkat kepada isteri seseorang suami yang menerima darjah kebesaran yang membawa gelaran Datuk atau Dato'.
Gelaran Datin juga boleh diberikan terus kepada seseorang wanita sebagai menghargai sumbangan beliau kepada negara, tanpa perlu berkahwin dengan seseorang yang bergelar Datuk atau Dato'. Dalam hal ini, sekiranya wanita tersebut berkahwin, suaminya tidak memiliki apa-apa gelaran. Misalnya di Johor dan Selangor, penerima darjah kebesaran daripada DYMM Sultan Johor dan DYMM Sultan Selangor yang membawa gelaran kebesaran tidak digelarkan sebagai Dato' kepada penerima golongan wanita tersebut, sebaliknya mereka digelarkan sebagai Datin Paduka.
Di Terengganu pula, isteri kepada suami yang menerima darjah kebesaran daripada KDYMM Sultan Terengganu yang membawa kepada gelaran Dato' digelarkan sebagai To' Puan manakala isteri kepada suami bergelar Dato' Seri pula digelarkan sebagai To' Puan Seri. Sehubungan dengan itu, gelaran Datin dan Datin Seri tidak digunapakai di Terengganu.
Gelaran Datin dalam drama Melayu sering digunakan untuk memegang watak golongan-golongan sosialit atau orang-orang yang berada (kaya) dan ahli korporat. Contohnya, dalam drama Datin Diaries.
Clint Dempsey

Clinton Drew "Clint" Dempsey /ˈdɛmpsi/ (lahir 9 Mac 1983) adalah pemain bola sepak Amerika yang bermain untuk kelab Major League Soccer, Seattle Sounders FC. Beliau merupakan kapten pasukan kebangsaan Amerika Syarikat. Beliau juga pernah bermain untuk New England Revolution, Fulham dan Tottenham Hotspur.
Membesar di Nacogdoches, Texas, Dempsey bermain untuk salah satu kelab terbaik negeri itu, Dallas Texans, sebelum bermain untuk pasukan bola sepak lelaki Universiti Furman. Pada tahun 2004, Dempsey telah didraf oleh kelab Major League Soccer, New England Revolution. Beliau telah menjaringkan 25 gol dalam 71 penampilan untuk Revolution. Diantara tahun 2007 sehingga tahun 2012, Dempsey bermain untuk kelab Liga Perdana Inggeris Fulham dan merupakan penjaring terbanyak Liga Perdana Inggeris dalam sejarah kelab itu. Dempsey merupakan pemain Amerika Syarikat yang pertama untuk menjaringkan hatrik dalam Liga Perdana Inggeris, ketika kemenangan 5–2 ke atas Newcastle United pada bulan Januari 2012.
Dempsey pertama kali mewakili Amerika Syarikat ketika Piala Dunia Remaja FIFA 2003 di Emiriah Arab Bersatu. Beliau membuat penampilan pertama untuk pasukan senior pada 17 November 2004, ketika menentang Jamaica; beliau kemudiannya dinamakan dalam skuad Piala Dunia FIFA 2006]] dan menjaringkan satu-satunya gol pasukan Amerika Syarikat dalam pertandingan itu. Dempsey mencatat rekod gol terpantas dalam sejarah kelayakan Piala Dunia pasukan Amerika Syarikat dengan menjaringkan gol dalam masa 53 saat ketika membenam Barbados 8–0. Beliau memperbaiki rekodnya pada tahun 2012 selepas menjaringkan gol dalam masa 36 saat ketika kekalahan 2–1 kepada Jamaica. Ketika Piala Dunia FIFA 2010, Dempsey menjaringkan gol ketika menentang England, menjadikannya rakyat Amerika Syarikat yang kedua, selepas Brian McBride, untuk menjaringkan gol lebih daripada satu pertandingan Piala Dunia. Ketika Piala Dunia FIFA 2014, Dempsey sekali lagi memperbaiki rekodnya, menjaringkan gol dalam masa 30 saat ketika perlawanan menentang Ghana, dan merupakan gol kelima terpantas dalam sejarah Piala Dunia.
Lottie Dod

Charlotte Dod (24 September 1871 - 27 Jun 1960) ialah seorang atlet pelbagai sukan Inggeris, yang paling terkenal sebagai pemain tenis. Dia memenangi Wimbledon Ladies' Singles Championship sebanyak lima kali, kemenangan pertama kalinya adalah pada usia15 tahun pada musim panas 1887. Dia kekal sebagai juara perseorangan wanita termuda.
Selain daripada tenis, Dod bertanding dalam banyak sukan lain seperti golf, hoki padang dan memanah . Dia juga memenangi British Ladies Amateur Golf Championship, bermain dua kali untuk England Women's national field hockey team (yang dia bantu untuk ditemui ), dan memenangi pingat perak di Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 1908 dalam memanah. Guinness Book of Records telah menamakannya sebagai atlet wanita paling serba boleh sepanjang zaman, bersama-sama dengan atlet balapan dan padang dan rakan pemain golf Babe Zaharias.
Dod dilahirkan pada 24 September 1871 di Bebington, Cheshire, anak bongsu daripada empat anak kepada Joseph dan Margaret Dod. Joseph, dari Liverpool, telah membuat kekayaan dalam perdagangan kapas. Keluarga itu cukup kaya untuk menyediakan semua ahli seumur hidup; Lottie dan abangnya Willy tidak pernah bekerja. Selain Willy, Lottie mempunyai seorang kakak, Annie, dan seorang lagi abang, Tony, yang kesemuanya juga cemerlang dalam sukan. Annie adalah pemain tenis, pemain golf, pemain luncur ais dan pemain billiards yang baik. Willy Dod memenangi pingat emas Olimpik dalam memanah pada Sukan 1908, dan Tony ialah pemanah peringkat serantau serta pemain catur dan tenis. Kanak-kanak Dod menerima pendidikan swasta oleh tutor dan pengasuh. Pada zaman kanak-kanaknya Lottie bermain piano, banjo dan dia adalah ahli koir tempatan. Ketika Dod berumur sembilan tahun, dua gelanggang tenis dibina berhampiran estet keluarga, Edgeworth . Tenis rumput, yang dicipta pada tahun 1873, sangat bergaya untuk orang kaya di England, dan semua kanak-kanak Dod mula bermain permainan dengan kerap. Parti tenis kadangkala dianjurkan dan antara tetamu jemputan ialah bakal juara Wimbledon Joshua Pim dan adik beradik Herbert dan Wilfred Baddeley. Semasa dia berumur sebelas tahun, Dod menyertai Kelab Tenis Rock Ferry di Birkenhead.
Kejohanan Olahraga Para Dunia 2023

Kejohanan Olahraga Para Dunia 2023 ialah kejohanan balapan dan padang Paralimpik yang telah berlangsung oleh World Para Athletics jawatankuasa kecil Jawatankuasa Paralimpik Antarabangsa. Ia merupakan edisi ke-10 acara itu dan telah diadakan di Stadium Charlety di Paris, Perancis, dari 8 hingga 17 Julai 2023.
Paris telah diumumkan sebagai bandar tuan rumah pada Disember 2021. Ini merupakan kali ketiga Perancis menjadi tuan rumah Kejohanan Dunia; dua edisi pertama adalah dalam Lille (2002) dan Lyon (2013).
Petak ungu menandakan saringan akhir dijadualkan.
Kejohanan Olahraga Para Dunia 2023 berfungsi sebagai kelayakan untuk semua acara balapan dan padang di Sukan Paralimpik Musim Panas 2024.
1206 atlet dari 103 negara mengambil bahagian. Republik Afrika Tengah, Costa Rica dan Ivory Coast membuat penampilan sulung mereka.
* Tuan rumah (Perancis)
Bantahan Myanmar 2021

Bantahan Myanmar 2021 ialah usaha tentangan awam dalam negeri di Myanmar bertentangan dengan rampasan kuasa pada 1 Februari 2021, yang diadakan oleh Min Aung Hlaing, pemerintah tertinggi angkatan tentera negara, Tatmadaw. Setakat 15 Februari 2021, sekurang-kurangnya 452 orang telah ditahan yang berhubung dengan rampasan tersebut. Para pembantah telah mengatur kedudukan bentuk bantahan yang aman dan tanpa kekerasan, yang termasuk tindakan keingkaran awam, mogok buruh, kempen boikot tentera, gerakan memukul kuali, kempen reben merah, bantahan awam, dan pengiktirafan rasmi keputusan pilihan raya oleh wakil-wakil yang terpilih.
Warna merah, yang dikaitkan dengan Liga Kebangsaan bagi Demokrasi (NLD), telah dipakai oleh ramai pembantah. "[Kabar Ma Kyay Bu] Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |script= (help)" (ကမ္ဘာမကျေဘူး), lagu yang kali pertama dipopularkan sebagai lagu utama pemberontakan 8888, telah digiatkan semula oleh gerakan keingkaran awam sebagai lagu bantahan. Tabik tiga jari telah luas diguna pakai oleh pembantah sebagai simbol bantahan.
Bergerak balas terhadap gerakan bantahan yang membesar, pemimpin tentera rampasan menggubal sebilangan langkah balas. Hal ini termasuk memutuskan Internet dan media sosial, memutuskan media, usaha memburu penahanan dan hukuman jenayah terhadap pembantah, penyebaran maklumat palsu, percubaan politik terhadap parti politik yang bersaing untuk menyertai Majlis Pentadbiran Negara yang dilantik sendiri (menggantikan badan kerajaan terpilih), pengerahan pembantah dan penghasut sokong tentera, dan penggunaan kekerasan yang ganas untuk menindas pembantah.
Rampasan kuasa Myanmar 2021 bermula pada pagi 1 Februari 2021 ketika ahli parti pemerintah Myanmar yang dipilih secara demokratik, Liga Kebangsaan bagi Demokrasi (NLD), digulingkan oleh Tatmadaw, tentera Myanmar, yang diberikan kuasa dalam stratokrasi, Majlis Pentadbiran Negara. Tatmadaw mengisytiharkan darurat selama setahun dan menyatakan kuasa telah diberikan kepada Panglima Perkhidmatan Pertahanan Min Aung Hlaing. Rampasan kuasa berlaku sehari sebelum Parlimen Myanmar akan angkat sumpah dengan ahli yang dipilih pada pilihan raya umum November 2020, supaya acara ini tidak dapat dilakukan. Presiden Win Myint dan Kaunselor Negara Aung San Suu Kyi ditahan, bersama menteri dan timbalannya serta ahli Parlimen.
Amerika Syarikat secara rasmi mengisytiharkan pengambilalihan tentera sebagai rampasan kuasa dan berjanji akan kenakan hukuman lebih lanjut terhadap para jeneral di sebalik rampasan itu.
2021 in Malaysia

Events in the year 2021 in Malaysia.
Mohd Azizulhasni Awang won a Silver medal.
Wooi Yik Soh and Aaron Chia won a Bronze medal.
Malaysia managed to achieve this target with three gold medals in the 2020 Summer Paralympics.
Bonnie Bunyau Gustin
Cheah Liek Hou
Abdul Latif Romly
List of Malaysian records in athletics

Athletics records comprise the best performances in the sports of track and field, road running, racewalking and combined events. There are two different kinds of athletics records in Malaysia and certified by the Malaysia Athletics Federation (MAF):
Key to tables: Awaiting ratification Record not kept by FAA Not ratified or later rescinded by MAF
Legend: h = hand timing; m/s = meter per second; + = en route to a longer distance; A = affected by altitude; OT = oversized track (> 200m in circumference); NWI = no wind information
National under-23 records in athletics comprise the best performance of an athlete before the year of their 23rd birthday. Technically, in all under-23 athletics age divisions, the age is calculated "on December 31 of the year of competition" to avoid age group switching during a competitive season.
National junior records in athletics comprise the best performance of an athlete before the year of their 20th birthday. Technically, in all under 20 age divisions, the age is calculated "on December 31 of the year of competition" to avoid age group switching during a competitive season.
Malaysian youth bests in the sport of athletics are the all-time best marks set in competition by aged 17 or younger throughout the entire calendar year of the performance and competing as Malaysian citizen. MAF doesn't maintain an official list for such performances. All bests shown on this list are tracked by statisticians not officially sanctioned by the governing body.
Cheah Liek Hou

Cheah Liek Hou (Chinese: 谢儮好; pinyin: Xiè Lìhǎo; born 8 March 1988) is a Malaysian para-badminton player. He is a two-time Paralympic gold medalist and a 14-time World champion at both SU5 singles and doubles events. He won the gold medal in the men's singles SU5 event at the 2020 and 2024 Summer Paralympics, making him the first Malaysian athlete to win a medal in para-badminton. He is the first-ever Paralympic champion in para-badminton.
Cheah was born with Erb's palsy, which causes his right hand to have less strength and stability. He took up badminton when he was nine. He later competed against able-bodied badminton players and joined the able-bodied squad when he was 12 years old. He completed his pre-university education in Bukit Jalil Sports School. He competed in both able-bodied and para-badminton tournaments before exclusively competing in the latter upon obtaining his degree.
Cheah is married to Dewi Febriana Tan. He has a degree in corporate communications awarded by Universiti Putra Malaysia.
The BWF Para Badminton World Circuit – Grade 2, Level 1, 2 and 3 tournaments has been sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation from 2022.
Cheah's story of winning the gold medal in the 2020 Summer Paralympics was immortalised in the 2024 Malaysian film directed by Adrian Teh, Gold, starring Jack Tan as his titural role.
Velodrom Nasional Malaysia

Velodrom Nasional Malaysia (English: Malaysian National Velodrome) is a sporting facility located in Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The velodrome is the first indoor velodrome in Southeast Asia. It replaces the 28-year-old Velodrome Rakyat in Ipoh, Perak, which is being upgraded and the 30-year-old Cheras Velodrome in Kuala Lumpur, which will be demolished to make way for commercial development, as the nation's track cycling hub.
Construction of the velodrome started in January 2015 and was handed to the Ministry of Youth and Sports Malaysia on 20 May 2017. The velodrome was officially opened on 25 May 2017. Five Malaysian cycling legends, namely, Rosman Alwi, Josiah Ng, Ng Joo Ngan, M.Kumaresan and Azizulhasni Awang were given the honor of opening the velodrome. The ceremony was witnessed by Negeri Sembilan Menteri Besar Dato' Seri Utama Haji Mohamad bin Hasan, Youth and Sports Minister Khairy Jamaluddin and the Minister of Works, Dato Sri Haji Fadillah bin Haji Yusof. The velodrome can hold 2,000 spectators and was accorded first-class accreditation by Switzerland-based Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Outside of the velodrome, there is a BMX cycling track measuring 50m x 120m, which conforms with the UCI's standards and specifications.
Astro Arena (TV channel)

Astro Arena (stylized as Astro ARENA until 2024) is a Malaysian television station owned and operated by Astro. It is the first 24/7 Malay language sports channel in Malaysia. This channel can be viewed on channel 801 through Astro's Family Pack. Launched on 26 March 2010, it was the idea from the former Malaysian Minister of Youth and Sports YB. Dato' Sri Ahmad Shabery Cheek, together with the Olympic Council of Malaysia and Astro, to have a sports channel dedicated solely to the development of Malaysian sports. In the early years of this channel, several broadcasts were also available in HD, via Astro SuperSport HD, Mustika HD & Maya HD.
Astro Arena is a 4-in-one channel featuring live local sports, a comprehensive 7-day-a-week coverage of local and international sports news, informative magazine and information programming and interactive viewer involvement.
The channel delivers 700 hours of live, local sports a year, with an additional 2000 hours of replays greatly expanding the amount of local sports available in the country. It also provides coverage of up to 56 hours a week of Malaysians competing at international levels or the best in world sports of a particular interest to the Malaysian audience.
Astro Arena is currently available for free-to-view on channel 801 in High Definition (HD) format (Astro customers & NJOI Prepaid).
From 23 January 2023, all e-sports content and eGG Network’s in-house shows will be made available through the company’s Bahasa Malaysia-based sports channels, Astro Arena (channel 801) and Astro Arena 2 (channel 802).
On 24 February 2023, Astro Arena will rebroadcast the Malaysian League match since their last broadcast on 2014. It broadcasts the rematch that will officially start involving the Sumbangsih Cup action between Johor Darul Ta'zim (JDT) against Terengganu FC (TFC) via channels 803 and 804.
On 17 October 2024, Astro Arena officially changed its logo following the rebranding of the Astro Sports channel and overhaul of the Astro Sports channel.
Astro Arena 2 is the secondary channel of Astro Arena. Launched on 1 October 2021, it is broadcast in Channel 802 in HD. It airing localised coverage of international sports & sports news updates for Malaysian sport fans. Plus, it is also airing some of local and international e-Sports.
Astro Arena Bola is the first sister channel of Astro Arena. Launched on 24 February 2023, it is broadcast in Channel 803 in HD. It airs Malaysian Football in 24 hours a day.
Astro Arena Bola 2 is the second sister channel of Astro Arena . Launched on 24 February 2023, it is broadcast in Channel 804 in HD. It airs Malaysian Football in 24 hours a day.
List of professional sports leagues

This is a list of professional sports leagues.
A sports league is a professional body that governs the competition of its teams. They make the rules for competition and behavior and disciplines its members as necessary. This is done through a structure that varies by league. Some are made up of a board of governors that have a commissioner or president, while others are single entity organizations where the league owns the franchises and therefore does not have a board of governors.
This list attempts to show those sports leagues for which all players and teams are paid to play. In other words, these players can be considered to play their chosen sport as their profession. Some leagues do not pay well enough to allow players to use them as their primary or only source of income, but because the players are paid, it is still considered professional, or semi-professional. As such, some leagues listed here may not be fully professional.
United States
United Kingdom
Japan
Mexico
Finland:
Philippines
Major promotions
Major sanctioning bodies
India
India
Italy
Ukraine
United States
Asia
Europe
Oceania Australia
Includes American and Canadian Football and their variants.
Europe
Oceania
Intercontinental
Africa
Americas
Asia-Pacific
Europe
Pro clubs in an amateur league
Finland
Russia
Sweden
Asia
Europe
Australia
Spain
United States and Canada
India
Indonesia
India
United States
United Kingdom
European Union
Germany
International Tournaments
Kabaddi Leagues
United States
United States
Asia
China
India
South Korea
Japan
Philippines
Turkey
Multiple regions