davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Orkla ASA

Orkla ASA is a Norwegian conglomerate operating in Europe, Asia and the US. At present, Orkla operates in the branded consumer goods, aluminium solutions and financial investment sectors. Orkla ASA is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange and its head office is in Oslo, Norway. As of 31 December 2021, Orkla had 21,423 employees. The Group's turnover in 2021 totalled NOK 50.4 billion.
Orkla's branded consumer goods division produces brands in many fields, primarily in the Nordic region, but also in other places such as Central and Eastern European countries, and the Baltic region. Among the companies owned by Orkla are Abba Seafood, Beauvais foods, Chips, Felix, Göteborgs Kex, Kalev, KiMs, Lilleborg, MTR Foods, Rasoi Magic, Peter Möller, Nidar, OLW, Panda, Procordia Food, Stabburet, Sætre, Pierre Robert Group and Laima.
As of February 2020 Orkla had major ownership in Jotun (42.6%). Borregaard was divested and listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange in 2012. Orkla's 50% interest of Sapa Group was sold in 2017.
Orkla started out in 1654 with pyrite mining at Løkken Verk in Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. Later the company also started mining copper, but copper mining was abandoned in 1845. In 1904 Orkla Grube-Aktiebolag was founded by Christian Thams to start commercial mining at Løkken Verk, which included the construction of Thamshavnbanen, the first electric railway in Norway, between Løkken Verk and Thamshavn. This railway is still operated as a museum railway after the mining operations at Løkken Verk were closed on 10 July 1987.
In 1929, Orkla became listed on Oslo Stock Exchange and in 1931 the new smelting plant at Thamshavn outside Orkanger was opened. By 1941 Orkla started with a separate investments portfolio, and opened offices in Oslo in 1975. In 1984 Orkla started a major takeover of Norwegian newspapers, creating Orkla Media as one of the three largest media companies in Norway. Half of the magazine publisher Egmont-Mortensen was added to Orkla Media in 1992 and the Danish Det Berlingske Officin in 2000. Orkla sold the media section to Mecom in 2006.
In 1986 Orkla merged with Borregaard based in Sarpsborg to form Orkla Borregaard. The company then merged with Nora Industrier in 1992. Borregaard was spun off and introduced to the Oslo Stock Exchange in October 2012, with Orkla retaining a minority stake in the company. Orkla heavily invested in foods and among others acquired Swedish brewery Pripps as well as other companies, including Abba Seafood, Baltic Beverages Holding and Procordia Food. Norwegian Ringnes and Pripps were merged with Carlsberg Breweries, where Orkla acquired a 40% ownership in 2000. Orkla sold its ownership in Carlsberg in 2004.
In 2005 Orkla bought the Norwegian material company Elkem and Sapa Group in Sweden. In 2010 Orkla bought the Estonian confectionery company Kalev.
In November 2018 Orkla announced that it will acquire Finnish Kotipizza Group.
In March 2022, Orkla Health announced it had acquired 100% of the shares of dietary supplements supplier Healthspan Group Limited for £65 million on a cash and debt-free basis.
Clothing material

Many clothing materials have been used to make garments throughout history. Grasses, furs and much more complex and exotic materials have been used. Cultures near the Arctic Circle, make their wardrobes out of processed furs and skins. Different cultures have added cloth to leather and skins as a way to replace real leather. A wide range of fibers, including natural, cellulose, and synthetic fibers, can be used to weave or knit cloth. From natural fibers like cotton and silk to synthetic ones like polyester and nylon, most certainly reflects culture.
Humans have shown extreme inventiveness in devising clothing solutions to environmental hazards and the distinction between clothing and other protective equipment is not always clear-cut; examples include space suit, air conditioned clothing, armor, diving suit, swimsuit, bee-keeper's protective clothing, motorcycle leathers, high-visibility clothing, and protective clothing in general.
It can be assumed that the animal skins were used for clothing throughout the human history, although in the ways that are primitive when compared to the modern processing, the earliest known samples come from Ötzi the Iceman (late 4th millennium BC) with his goatskin clothes made from leather strips put together using sinews, bearskin hat, and shoes using the deerskin for the uppers and goatskin for the soles. Grass was used for the woven cloak and socks-like stuffing inside the shoes.
The weaving is also very old: an impression in hardened clay found in the Czech Republic suggests availability of woven material in Paleolithic 25 000 years before present. It is generally believed that woven wool production began in the 11th millennium BC; it certainly had been used in the clothing of ancient Persians, Greeks, and Romans. The other natural fibers used for the yarn were flax (linen), silk, and cotton. Earliest indications of linen use come from Ancient Egypt, silk production originated in China (according to a legend, 5000 years ago). Deuteronomy contains a prohibition on mixing wool and linen in clothing material. Earliest known use of cotton fabrics (late 4th millennium BC) is found in India, it spread to Rome by 350 BC.
The insulation qualities of clothing materials are determined by the amount of "dead air" they can hold. The air is held in the voids inside the material itself as well as in the gaps between the clothing layers. Of the natural clothing materials, fur and leather provide the best insulation. Wool, with its lanolin oil, is not very absorbent and keeps its insulation properties well when wet, unlike cotton.
Common natural clothing materials include:
Other materials are made from synthetic fibers, primarily from petrochemicals, which are not generally biodegradable. Common synthetic materials include:
Some less common clothing materials are:
Lotus silk

Lotus silk (Burmese: ပိုးကြာချည် or Burmese: ကြာချည်, lit. 'lotus thread') is a type of textile produced using delicate lotus stem fibers. The fabric first originated in Myanmar (Burma) and is now largely produced in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Some small cottage workshops start experimenting in Vietnam and India as well. Due to the complexity and labor-intensive nature of weaving lotus fibers, lotus silk is considered one of the most expensive fabrics in the world. Lotus silk uses fibres from a specific variety of lotus called padonma kya (ပဒုမ္မာကြာ), which produces large, fragrant pink flowers.
In Myanmar, lotus stems are sourced from lakes throughout Myanmar, including Shan State's Inle Lake, Sunye Lake in Mandalay Region's Sintkaing Township; Inma Lake in Bago Region's Thegon Township; Wetthe and Salin Natural Lakes in Magway Region's Salin Township; and Kandaunggyi Lake in Sagaing Region's Taze Township.
In Cambodia, most of lotus stems are collected from the edge of the Tonle Sap lake in Siem Reap.
In Vietnam, lotus stems are sourced from the large lakes of Hanoi.
Lotus silk weaving originated in Inle Lake in Myanmar's Shan State. Lotus weaving was invented by an ethnic Intha woman named Sa Oo in the village of Kyaingkhan in the early 1900s. She first wove a Buddhist monastic robe using lotus fibers, called kya thingan (ကြာသင်္ကန်း), as an offering to the abbot of a local monastery, and offered similar monastic robes to the principal Buddha images at Phaung Taw Oo Pagoda. The tradition of robe-weaving has a long history in Myanmar; during the Tazaungdaing festival, robe-weaving competitions are held throughout major Burmese pagodas.
The weaving practice went extinct after her death, and was subsequently revived by her relatives, Tun Yee and Ohn Kyi, who began a cooperative to modernize and systematize the weaving practice.
In 2017, Phan Thi Thuan, a weaver near Hanoi, introduced the weaving practice to Vietnam. She has successfully researched and made lotus silk. To pull 25 kg of silk thread, she needs 100 tons of lotus stem.
In 2019, Bijiyashanti Tongbram from Manipur, India, began making lotus silk using lotus stems gathered from the Loktak Lake.
Unlike real silk (a protein fiber), but like most plant fibers, lotus silk is a cellulose fiber. Its composed mostly of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and contains higher amounts of lignin and hemicellulose than other common plant fibers. It's hydrophobic, and it reacts to various chemicals similarly to cotton fiber. According to one study, lotus silk density of 1.1848 g/cm3 was lower than cotton, wool and silk, but comparable to acrylic. Two studies found linear density of lotus silk to be 1.55 and 2.2 dtex.
Lotus silk was first used to weave monastic robes as an offering to Buddha images or Buddhist monks, but is now also used for a variety of clothing types, including scarves and hats.
Loro Piana, a luxury clothing company, has imported Burmese lotus silk to produce jackets and other clothing products since 2010.
Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing

Ebe mmepụta ụgọala nke Ụlọ ọrụ Innoson . (nke mkpọbiri ya bụ IVM) bụ onye na eimepụta ụgbọala na Naijiria nke isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na Nnewi, Anambra. Ọ bụ Chief Innocent Chukwuma Nwala guzobere ya. A na-akpọ Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing "Pride Of African Road" n'olu bekee.
Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ si kwuo, a na-emepụta percetị iri asaa ahụ ụgbọala ya n'Naijiria ebe percentị ndị ọzọ si mba Japan , China na Jémanị.
N'ime ụdị ụgbọ ala IVM nwere, e nwere Fox nke nwere oche ise na (1.5-litre engine) na Umunwere (2-litra engine) nakwa obere bọsụ a kpọrọ Ụzo.
Innocent Chukwuma

Onyeisi Innocent Ifediaso Chukwuma (amuru ya na afo 1961 na Nnewi, Anambra) onye Nigeria , obukwa onye azumahia.
CAREER: Dezie N'afọ 1981, mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Innocent malitere ịzụ ahịa na akụrụngwa, azụmahịa na-enye nnukwu ego na South East Nigeria. O wee hiwe ụlọ ọrụ Innoson Group na Innoson Manufacturing, Innoson Tech. & Industries Co. Ltd dị ka ndị enyemaka ya. Na 2013, a họpụtara ya onye osote onye isi oche, Board of Trustees National Coalition for Jonathan/Sambo Presidency, otu na-akwalite ntuli aka nke onye isi ala Naijiria, Goodluck Jonathan.
Nestle Naịjirịa

Nestle Nigeria Plc bụ ụlọ ọrụ ọpụrụiche nri na ihe ọ drinkụ drinkụ drinksụ ụbọchị n'ihu ọha nke hiwere isi na Lagos. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ejide ya na Switzerland nwere ya ma nwee njikọ na ụlọ ọrụ Tolaram Group . E hiwere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 1961 wee na-azụ aha n'okpuru aha Nestle Products Nigeria Limited. O nwere nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ya na Agbara Industrial Estate, Ogun State . Ozi ọrụ ahụ na-onye ọka nri ụtụtụ, nri nri, nri nri na nri protein osisi hydrolyzed.
Edepụtara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị ka otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ 100 kasị ukwuu na Africa site na magazin Africa Business
. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere azụmahịa n'okpuru aha ahia nke Nestle Products Nigeria, na 1969, a gbanwere aha ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Food Specialties Limited. Ọ malitere ịzụ ahịa na Nigeria Stock Exchange n'afọ 1979 na-esochi iwu nkwalite ụmụ amaala. N'afọ 1991, a gbanwere aha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Nestle Foods Nigeria, afọ iri ka e mesịrị, ọ ghọrọ Nestle Nigeria PLC. Na mmalite ya, ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ nkesa na ire ngwaahịa Nestle nke ndị ahịa na-ebubata na obodo mbụ. N'afọ 1971, ọchichọ ka mma maka ngwaahịa na-esi nri Maggi mere ka e guzobe ụlọ ọrụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa na Lagos.[2] Firmlọ ọrụ ahụ gbazitere ala n'ụlọ Agbara Agbara ọhụrụ emere na 1978 wee malite imepụta ngwaahịa Maggi na Milo afọ atọ. Na 1982, Nestle malitere imepụta Cerelac na Nigeria na Agbara. N'agbata 1984 na 1986, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ webatara ngwaahịa na-ahapụ ara nwa nwere ọdịnaya dị elu nke mpaghara, ndị a gụnyere Cerelac Maize na Nutrend, yana ngwakọta nke soy na ọka. O mechara webata Chocomilo, ihe eji eme nri. Na 2011, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbasaa mmepụta nke marquee ya na mmeghe nke ụlọ ọrụ Maggi na Flowergate, Ogun State.[3] Nestle Waters Nigeria mepere ụlọ mmiri obodo iji hụ na mmiri ọñụñụ dị mma ma dị mma na mpaghara Magedari dị n'Abuja bụ akụkụ nke mbọ Nestle iji hụ na mmiri dị mma.
Dị ka ụdị nke mbọ iji nchekwa mmiri na hydration kwesịrị, Onye njikwa aha, Nestle, Mrs. Gloria Nwabuike, kwuru na ha azụla ihe ụmụ akwụkwọ 800, na ndị nkuzi 300 na ụlọ akwụkwọ 140 dị na Legọs, Ogun, Osun steeti nakwa na Federal Capital Territory
Nestle Nigeria has sponsored the Maggi national cooking competition and previously sponsored a Maggi cooking show. It also sponsored sports competition through it Milo brand.
Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ụlọ ọrụ abụọ na Ogun State na ebe nkesa na Ota. Ụdị Nestle dị ka Cerelac, Milo, Maggi cube enwetala ọkwa aha ezinụlọ.
John Kpera

John Atom Kpera (amuru 3 Jenuarị 1941) bu Gọvanọ ndị agha mbụ nke Anambra steeti na Naijiria site na Maachị 1976 ruo Julaị 1978, ka e mechara ya site na steeti East Central ochie n'oge ọchịchị ndị agha nke General Olusegun Obasanjo.[1] Ka e mesịrị ọ bụ Gọvanọ ndị agha nke Benue steeti site na Jenụarị 1984 ruo Ọgọst 1985 n'oge ọchịchị ndị agha nke Major-General Muhammadu Buhari.[2][3]
A mụrụ John Atom Kpera na 3 Jenụarị 1941 na ￼￼Mbatierev￼,￼￼Gboko￼￼ Local Government Area na steeti Benue ugbu a. Ọ gara Katsina-Ala College, ugbu a Government College Katsina-Ala, (1956-1961) maka ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya. Mgbe o sonyere ndị agha ọ gara Haile Selasie Military Academy,￼￼Ethiopia￼￼ na 1962 maka Ọzụzụ Cadet Military ya, wee nye ya ọrụ dị ka 2nd Lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers na 1965. Ọ nwere ọkwa dị iche iche na ndị ọrụ gụnyere Injinia Brigade Commander. , Squadron Commander, Regimental Commander, and Commander, Corps of Engineers.
O tinyere aka na mbuso agha mbu nke Naijiria na 15 Jenuarị 1966, nyere Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu aka na mbọ ikwatu ọchịchị Northern Region. Mkpebi a emeghị nke ọma n'ebumnobi ya, mana dugara Major-General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi weghara ọchịchị na ọchịchị ndị agha Naijiria mbụ.
A họpụtara ya dịka Gọvanọ Ndị Agha nke Anambra Steeti site na Machị 1976 - Julaị 1978, n'oge ọchịchị ndị agha nke Olusegun Obasanjo. Olusegun Obasanjo Ọ ghọrọ Commandant nke Army School of Engineers Headquarters, onye isi nke Manpower, Nigerian Army Headquarters sochiri.
Na 4 Jenụwarị 1984 a họpụtara ya dịka Gọvanọ Ndị Agha nke Benue Steeti, onye isi agha mbụ a mụrụ na steeti ahụ ịchị steeti ahụ. Ọ malitere iwu nke ịmanye ndị mmadụ ka ha sachaa gburugburu ebe obibi ha n'okpuru nlekọta nke ndị agha, omume nke ndị nọchiri ya nọgidere na-eme. Mgbe a chụpụrụ ya dị ka gọvanọ, o kwuru banyere akụ nke steeti na ọ hapụrụ ya n'efu n'ihi na ọ hụrụ ya n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla.
Green Nwankwo

Green Onyekaba Nwankwo bụ onye ọkà mmụta Naijiria na onye ọchịchị ọdịnala nke dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ụlọ akụ na ego na Naijiria. Otu 'ime akwụkwọ ya, The Nigerian Financial System nke e bipụtara na 1980 bụ akwụkwọ ntọala banyere ụlọ akụ, mkpuchi, ego na ahịa isi obodo na Naịjirịa.
Nwankwo jere ozi dị ka onye isi ọsụ ụzọ nke Ngalaba Ego nke Mahadum Lagos ma rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịhazi ngalaba ahụ. N'afọ 1977, ọ ghọrọ onye isi nchịkwa na-ahụ maka iwu ụlọ akụ na ego na Central Bank of Nigeria.
Nwankwo eduziwo òtù ole na ole dị ka Nigerian-Greece Chamber of Commerce and Technology na Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria .
mụrụ Nwankwo na 1933 ma zụlite ya n'ezinụlọ dị ala, nna ya bụ onye ọrụ ugbo na onye na-etinye mmanya nkwụ. Dị ka nwata nwoke, ya na nwanne nna ya bụ Onye Kraịst biri na nkwado nwanne nna ya, ọ gara St Peters CMS Central School, Ndiawa Arondizuogu maka agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị ya. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1945, ọ rụrụ ọrụ nwa oge dị ka onye nkuzi nwa akwụkwọ tupu ọ gaa n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. O mechara nweta akara ugo mmụta na akụ na ụba na Mahadum Strathclyde . N'ịbụ onye gọọmentị Naijiria kwadoro, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta ya n'ime afọ atọ wee malite mmemme ngụsị akwụkwọ ya mgbe ọ natara agbamume site n'aka ndị nkuzi ya. O nwetara nzere masta na nzere doctorate ya na [<i id= ./London_School_of_Economics" id="mwIQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics] na School of Oriental and African Studies n'otu n'otu, akpọrọ PhD ya Foreign private investment in Nigerian Manufacturing, e dere 1939 ruo 1965 n'okpuru nlekọta Edith Penrose.
Nwankwo malitere ọrụ ụlọ akụ ya na 1951 na-arụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ na alaka Port Harcourt nke Bank of British West Africa . Ọ nọrọ afọ itoolu n'ụlọ akụ ahụ tupu ọ gbaa arụkwaghịm.
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị nzere doctorate ya na 1967, Nwankwo enweghị ike ịlaghachi Naijiria ka Agha Obodo malitere, o kpebiri ịnọ na London ma bie ndụ dị ka onye nkuzi na City of London College. Ọ kụziri na kọleji ruo afọ ise ruo mgbe ọ laghachiri Naijiria na 1972 mgbe a kpọrọ ya ịmalite ngalaba ego na Mahadum Lagos nke United Bank for Africa na-akwado. Naijiria, Nwankwo kpọrọ oku maka nyocha nke usoro ego Naijiria na ịnakwere omume ndị dị mfe ime mgbanwe na ọdịiche nke ụkpụrụ na usoro ụmụ amaala. 'afọ 1974, ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ UBA na Finance ma kụzie na Lagos ruo n'afọ 1978, mgbe a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote gọvanọ nke Central Bank of Nigeria. 'afọ 1980, o dere Money and Capital Markets in Nigeria, akwụkwọ nkuzi ụlọ akụ na ego maka ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị na-echekwa ego.
Nwankwo bụ onyeisi oche nke Union Bank of Nigeria site na 1990 ruo 1996 na African Continental Bank site na 2001 ruo 2005.
Ebe a na-egwupụta ntụ ọka na Naịjirịa

Flour Mills of Nigeria (FMN) nke dị ka FMN Group bụ ụlọ ọrụ agribusiness dị iche iche nke Naijiria, nke George S. Coumantaros ntọala ntọala na 1960. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ FMCG na-enye Nigeria na West Africa. FMN na-ewe ihe ụmụaka 12,000.
George S. Coumantaros ntọala ntọala FMN na 1960 dị ka ụlọ ọrụ nwere oke onwe yana na 1978 ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze, nke e depụtara òkè ya na Nigeria Stock Exchange. .
Onye isi oche FMN nwa 2014, na onye bụbu CEO bụ nwa onye nchoputa, John Coumantaros . [2] [3] Onye isi oche bụ Omoboyede Olusanya
Flour Mills taa, bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ejide ya nwere ụdị azụmaahịa agbakwunyere kwụ ọtọ.
Ụdị flagship nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ Golden Penny Flour.
Flour Mills akụkọ ọrụ na 1962, ụlọ ọrụ igwe ọka ọka mbụ na Nigeria, e wuru ya na ọnụ aha £ 2.5m nke isi obodo Gris na America [6] akwụkwọ site na ụlọ ọrụ Southern Star Shipping. [7] Mmepụta mbụ kwa afọ bụ tɔn 120,000. [6] Mgbagwoju anya Apapa nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere nnukwu ibutu na ikike nchekwa ya na igwe igwe iji hazie ọka wit North America. N'afọ 1964, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ oyiyi ya site na nguzobe ụlọ ọrụ ihe nke polypropylene nke na-ere akara n'okpuru aha azụmahịa Nigerian Bag Manufacturing Company Limited. [7] Onye ọrụ mbụ ahụ hazikwara ọka wit ka ebupụ ya
Ka ọ na-erule 1971, ikike igwe igwe ọka wit ya kwa afụ bụ tɔn 300,000. [6] Na 1975, ụlọ ọrụ ahụra ọmụrụ nwa pere mpe na Northern Nigeria Flours Mills, Kano wee nweta ngwaọrụ na Niger Mills nke Calabar . [6] N'ọgwụgwụ 1970s, e depụtara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na ikekere Nigeria.
Akara FMN si n'otu ụlọ ọrụ na-ere ahịa pụta, gaa n'otu ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba ndị bụ isi nke akụ na ụba Naijiria. Ha na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba anọ bụ isi nke nri, Su, Agro-allied, Port Operations and Logistics, Packaging and Real Estate. Ha na-arụ usoro nri agbakwunyere kwụkọ ọtọ n'etiti azụmahịa ha ndị ọzọ.
Na 1990, e hiwere nkọwa polypropylene ọzọ na 1997 na Northern Nigeria trading n'okpuru aha Northern Bag Manufacturing Company, afọ abụọ ka e gosiri, e hiwere ụlọ ọrụ mbupu ọla edo. Na 1997, mgbasawanye nke ahia butere nguzobe azụmahịa aha fatịlaịza, [7] gara n'ihu na iwebata fim ciment UNICEM na 2002, ahia njikwa ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru aha Apapa Bulk Terminal na 2004, Golden Transport na 2008. na nri nri Premier na 2010. [7] N'August 2015, ụlọ ọrụ na-ejide, Excelsior Shipping ntọala iji jikwaa ihe omume nke ụfọdụ ndị isi ya. [7] Apapa Bulk Terminal na-arụ ọrụ Terminal A na B na ụgbọ mmiri Apapa.
Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-arụ nnukwu ọrụ akpa ciment na Apapa trading Burham Cement, na-agbaso ụkpụrụ gọọmenti kwadoro iji kwalite mmepụta ciment obodo na ọrụ ahụ kwụsịrị na Orascom na Orascom na-arụkọ ọrụ iji guzobe ụlọ ọrụ ciment na Mfanmosing, Cross River State.
Na 2021, FMN ike 71.6% nke Honeywell Group's Honeywell Flour Mills Plc
Official website
Femi Olubanwo

Femi Olubanwo bụ onye ọkaiwu Naijiria. Ọ bụ, n'akụkụ Asue Ighodalo, onye tọrọ ntọala nke ụlọ ọrụ iwu nke Banwo & Ighodalo ọkachamara na ndụmọdụ ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ na Intellectual Property & Technology, Project Finance, mergers na nnweta, ahịa isi obodo, na ihe ndị metụtara ego na atụmatụ ụlọ ọrụ. O tinyela aka n'ọtụtụ azụmahịa gbasara ego ụlọ na mba ụwa.
Femi Olubanwo gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Lagos na 1981, na Nigerian Law School na 1982. Mahadum Lagos
N'afọ 1991, Femi sonyeere Ighodalo wee guzobe Banwo & Ighodalo bụ nke a na-ahọrọkarị dịka onye isi ụlọ ọrụ iwu Naijiria na mpaghara Capital Markets, Securities, Mergers & Acquisitions.[1] N'ime afọ iri atọ gara aga nke ọrụ ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye ndụmọdụ gbasara iwu n'ụlọ ọrụ multi-national and blue chip n'akụkụ dị iche iche gụnyere Pharmaceuticals, Telecommunications, and Manufacturing n'ihe gbasara nchekwa na mmanye ikike ikike ọgụgụ isi ha na Nigeria na Africa. [2] N'igosipụta ike ya, nkenke na nlebara anya ya na nkọwapụta, a kpọkuola Femi n'ọrụ ndụmọdụ dị iche iche, ka o nyere ọkwa ọchịchị dị iche iche aka na Naijiria, na ọtụtụ mba ụwa, n'ịgbatịpụ akụ na ụba na mgbanwe. N'afọ 2010, a họpụtara ya onyeisi oche nke kọmitii nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ego Federal hibere iji chepụta koodu nchịkwa / ụkpụrụ omume maka ndị na-achịkwa ahịa ahịa isi obodo..
N'afọ 2011, a kpọrọ Femi dị ka onye isi okwu n'afọ 2011 Harvard African Development Conference, nke emere na 26 Machị 2011 na Mahadum Harvard.
Ọ bụ onye dere akwụkwọ Advertising to children in Nigeria", Young Consumers bipụtara na 2012. Femi edeela ọtụtụ isiokwu ma na-enye akwụkwọ ugboro ugboro ma na-eme ihe ngosi banyere isiokwu ndị dị na mpaghara ọrụ ya.
Ọ na-anọdụ ala dị ka onye nduzi na bọọdụ nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ gụnyere BlackBerry Technologies Nigeria Limited (nke Naijiria nke BlackBerry Limited), Calyx Securities Limited, na Courage Education Foundation (otu NGO raara onwe ya nye ịkwado agụmakwụkwọ nke ụmụaka nwere ọgụgụ isi ma bụrụ ndị ogbenye). BlackBerry Femi bụ onye otu Nigerian Bar Association, Institute of Trade Mark Attorneys, Nigerian Maritime Law Association, International Trademark Association, World Trade Course of Nigeria.
Linus Williams

Linus Williams (amụrụ 14 Maachị 1998) nke a na-akpọkarị B-lord bụ onye ọchụnta ego amụrụ na Naịjirịa, onye ọchụnta ego, onye na-azụ ahịa cryptocurrency.na onye na-etinye ego. Linus bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi oche nke Blord Group
Amụrụ na March 14, 1998, Linus Williams si Umuji Ebenebe na Awka North Local Government, Anambra State, Nigeria. N'agbanyeghị na amuru ya na steeti Delta, ọ nọrọ afọ ntolite ya na steeti Delta. Linus gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Anambra State University Uli, bụ ebe ọ gụrụ akara ugo mmụta sayensị na Kọmputa.
Na 2017, Linus malitere njem ọkachamara ya site n'iche ọrụ nke onye nchịkwa azụmahịa na Instagram. Isi ihe ya lekwasịrị anya bụ ịkekọrịta nghọta azụmaahịa bara uru, ọkachasị na mpaghara azụmaahịa cryptocurrency. N'ịdabere na nka ya, o nyere ndụmọdụ na nduzi bara uru nye ndị na-eso ụzọ ya, na-enyere ha aka ịnyagharịa mgbagwoju anya nke mpaghara azụmahịa.
N'ịbụ onye agụụ ya nwere maka ụlọ ọrụ cryptocurrency kpalitere, Linus guzobere ikpo okwu mgbanwe cryptocurrency nke ya na Onitsha, steeti Anambra. Akpọrọ aha azụmaahịa ahụ nke ọma B-Lord Group of Company, yana ọhụụ nke ime mgbanwe ka ndị mmadụ si etinye ego dijitalụ.
Na 2022, Linus tọrọ ntọala Fin-tech App, BillPoint: VTU & Payment Payment nke o kwuru na ngwa ahụ bụ maka ịkekọrịta ihe ọmụma na ịkwado ike ego site na ikpo okwu ya na-egosi nkwa ya n'ịkwalite mgbanwe dị mma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.
Na Septemba 1, 2020, ndị Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) nwụchiri Linus Williams Ifejika na steeti Enugu. Mgbe ọ nọrọ ụbọchị iri n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a tọhapụrụ ya n'ikpeazụ.
Otú ọ dị, n'ịbụ ndị na-enweghị afọ ojuju na ahụmahụ ya, Linus kpebiri ime ihe n'iwu megide EFCC, na-ebo ha ebubo na ha na-emebi ikike ya na ijikwa ihe onwunwe ya n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi. na-ewelitekwa nchegbu banyere izi ezi nke omume ndị e mere megide ya.
Ọ lụrụ Linus Francisca, ma ha nwere otu nwa aha ya bụ Elliot, onye a mụrụ na 2020.
Otu Blord nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere
Oru ugbo

Ọru ugbo bụ aka ọrụ e jiri mara ọtụtụ mba na obodo di n'elu ụwa. A na-arụkari ọrụ ugbo n'ime ime obodo ebe enwere obosara ala. Nwoke, nwanyi, okorobịa na agbọghọbịa na-arụ ọrụ ugbo. A bia na ala Igbo, a ga-asị na obodo nile na-arụ oru ugbo. N'ezie, e ji ọrụ ugbo mara ndi Igbo. Ọtụtụ ihe ana-arụpụta na ọrụ ugbo bụ akpụ, ji, ede, ose, ndukwu, osikapa, ọka, ojoko na tomato. E nwekwara mkpụrụ osisi di iche iche a na-akọpụta na ọrụ ugbo dịka oloma, ube, ụdara, ụtụ, mangolo, une were diri gazie. Akwụkwọ nri ndi a na-akọpụta bụ ugu, arịgbe, keremkerem, ụgbọgurụ, nchụanwụ, keremkerem, elimieọnụ, anyụ, ọkazị na ndi ọzọ. Mgbe ufọdụ, ana-etinyekwa fatịlaịza n'ihe akọrọ ka owere mipụta erimeri nke ọma. Ana etinyekwa pesticides ka ọchụpụ ụmụ ahụhụ na anụmanụ na atakacha ihe akụru na ugbo. Ọrụ ugbo chọrọ mmiri, aja di mma na ala di larịị. Akụkụ ọrụ ugbo ọzọkwa bụ izụ anụmanụ dika ikpa okụkụ, ewu, ehi, atụrụ na anụ ndi ọzọga. Otụtụ mba ụwa na ndi gọọmentị wepụtara anya na ebe ndi ọrụ ugbo nọ. Ha na -eme ka ọnụ ahịa ihe arụtara na ugbo daba ọfụma. Ha na-akụzikwara ndi mmadụ ọgbara ọhụ eji arụ ọrụ ugbo ma na-enyekwa ego mgbazinye ka ngwaahịa ndi ọrụ mịta nnukwu mmịmmị.
Ọrụ ugbo nwere mgbe e ji arụ ya. N'oge gboo, ọ bụ oge udu mmiri ka e ji arụ ọrụ ugbo. Mmiri mbụ zocha, ndị ọrụ na-aga sụcha ala, kwado ya maka ọkụkọ ihe ubi. Mgbe mmiri nke abụọ zochara, ọrụ na-ebiri oku. Mgbe ahụkwa, ala ajụọla oyi, dị larịị ma dịkwa nro. Ọ na-abụ n'ihe dịka ọnwa nke atọ na afọ. Mgbe ahụ, a na-etinye ọka, ji, ede, akpụ na ihe ndị ọzọ na ala ka ha mịpụtawa. Ihe ndị ọzọ a na-etinyekwa na ala bụ nduku na àgwà. Ọ bụ mmiri ozizo na-ama ya na-eme ka ihe akọrọ ma abụba dịkwa mma ịwepụta nri ebe oburu ibu. Abia n'ihe gbasara akwụkwọ nri dịka tomato, ose, aṅara na ụziza, a na-agha mkpụrụ ya ma hapụ ya ka otilite. Mgbe o tolitere, a na-efopu ya ma kọgharịa ya nke ọma, ka ọ nwe ike ịmepụta nri nke ọma.
Ma ugbua, e meela ka ọtụtụ ihe gbanwee na ebe ọrụ ugbo dị. Ọ bụ n'ihi ka ihe siri di. Oke ide na ntụgharị ihu eluigwe emeela ka e nwee nyocha miri emi were chọpụta na e nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ugbo oge ọkọchị. E nwekwara obodo ndị na-ako ji ma ihe ndị ọzọ oge ọkọchị. Ha gụnyere obodo ndị ahụ dị mmiri nsọ dịka ndị nọ na okpuru ọchịchị obodo Anambra West, Anambra East, Ogbaru. na Ayamelum.
E nwere ọtụtụ akara ngwa e ji arụ ọrụ ugbo. Ụfọdụ bụ ihe ndị mgbe gboo jiri were ruo oge ugbua. Ha gụnyere mma, mbazụ, ekete, ọgụ, na ndị ọzọ. Ugbua, e nwelaa akarangwa ọhụrụ na enyere aka ka ọrụ na-aga ọsọsọ dịka traktọ. E nwekwara ebe eji anụmanụ arụ ọrụ ugbo. Ihe ndia nile na-eme ka ọrụ na-aga serere-werere.
Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing

Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (commonly shortened to IVM) is a Nigerian automobile manufacturer headquartered in Nnewi, Anambra, Nigeria. It was founded by Chief Innocent Chukwuma Nwala. Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing is nicknamed Pride Of African Roads.
According to the company, 70% of its car parts are produced locally, while the rest are sourced from Japan, China, and Germany.
Among IVM's vehicle models are the five-seaters Fox (1.5-litre engine) and Umu (2-litre engine) as well as the mini-bus Uzo.
On 20 May 2022, Innoson presented its first "Keke". Kekes are three-wheeled motor vehicles and the main means of transport in Nigeria. They have so far been imported from the Far East and usually cost about 800,000 Naira or 1,600 Euros. Innoson announced a selling price of 500,000 Naira or 1,000 Euros. The production capacity is 60,000 "Kekes" per year. This is to be increased by a new production plant in Owerri in Imo State on a plot of land of 150,000 square metres. The domestic production of the ubiquitous trikes in Nigeria is expected to have a positive impact on Nigeria's trade balance and labour market.
On 11 September 2024, Innoson unveiled its first locally made electric vehicle.
Tricycle
Plastics
Tyres
Innoson vehicles are being used in some West African countries like: Mali, Sierra Leone and Ghana.
Mercy Eke, the first female winner of reality show Big Brother Naija, is currently the brand ambassador for Innoson Vehicles.
A Nigerian Youth Osuolale Farouq was invited by the company CEO Innocent Chukwuma after he re-designed and shared an improved and attracting logo for Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing on Twitter.
On 1 October 2020 the CEO Innocent Chukwuma Nwala while celebrating Nigeria at 60 spoke about the future of IVM. He said the country is all ready for the world of electric cars and IVM is ready and prepared for that change.
Calabar Free Trade Zone

5°1′18″N 8°19′13″E﻿ / ﻿5.02167°N 8.32028°E﻿ / 5.02167; 8.32028 The Calabar Free Trade Zone (CFTZ) is an area just north of the port of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria that is occupied by companies engaged in manufacturing, trading, provision of services and oil and gas related activities. These companies benefit from special taxation rules and duty-free imports.
The enabling act for Registered Free Zones in Nigeria came into effect in 1992. The Calabar Free Trade Zone, the first of these, was fully completed by 1999 and started operation after official commissioning in November 2001. The CFTZ is owned by the Federal government. Lack of dredging in the Calabar River channel was also affecting the zone, forcing companies to rely on Port Harcourt or Lagos for import and export of goods. These problems had not been addressed by December 2010, when the General Manager of the zone said the epileptic power supply, poor quality roads and non dredging of the river channel had slowed development of the port. He said "... often times we have had cases of containers dropping from trucks due to bad roads. It is also additional cost to transport containers from Port Harcourt and Lagos to Calabar".
The Tinapa Free Zone & Resort, to the north of the Free Zone, was commissioned on 2 April 2007, intended to combine business and recreational functions with duty-free shopping. The legal status of the Tinapa Free Trade zone has been uncertain. It is owned by the Cross River state government, but only the Federal government can operate a free trade zone. Governor Liyel Imoke appealed to the Federal Government to take a stake in the project, and to remove uncertainty about Tinapa's status, which is hindering investment.
In September 2009, Cross River Governor Liyel Imoke said the 1992 laws that established the Calabar Export Processing Zone should be overhauled to match its current status as a Free Trade Zone. He also said the 2005 gazette that made Calabar Port a Free Port should be implemented. In August 2011, Olusegun Aganga, the Federal Minister of Trade and Investment, visited the Calabar Free Trade Zone and the Tinapa Business and Leisure resort. He said that the government planned an extensive review of Free Trade Zones across the country to ensure they met the requirements to attract Foreign Direct Investment and to create jobs.
French Naval Aviation

French Naval Aviation (often abbreviated in French to: Aéronavale (contraction of Aéronautique navale), or Aviation navale, or more simply l'Aéro) is the naval air arm of the French Navy. The long-form official designation is Force maritime de l'aéronautique navale. Born as a fusion of aircraft carrier squadrons and the naval patrol air force, the Aéronavale was created in 1912. The force is under the command of a flag officer officially titled Admiral of Naval Aviation (ALAVIA) with his headquarters at Toulon naval base. It has a strength of around 6,800 military and civilian personnel. It operates from four airbases in Metropolitan France and several detachments in foreign countries or French overseas territories. Carrier-borne pilots of the French Navy do their initial training at Salon-de-Provence Air Base after which they undergo their carrier qualification with the US Navy.
Immediately after the end of World War II, the Aeronavale only had Supermarine Seafire Mk.III (Flottille 1F) and Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers (Flotilles 3F et 4F).
The flight personnel of the French Navy falls into three categories: fighter aviation, fixed-wing aviation and helicopter aviation.
Operationally the French Naval Aviation has four components:
Operational squadrons are known as Flottilles and normally consist of 12 aircraft :
Shore-based training and transport squadrons are known as Escadrilles de Servitude :
This is a list of retired aircraft that have flown with French Naval Aviation.
Unilever Nigeria Plc

Unilever Nigeria Plc is a publicly listed company with trading and manufacturing interest in the consumer goods market. In 2014, it was listed among the top 20 most valuable companies quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Unilever Nigeria PLC is a subsidiary of Unilever Overseas Holding B.V.
Unilever history in Nigeria dates back to 1923 when Robert Hesketh Leverhulme opened a trading post in Nigeria under the business name, Lever Brothers (West Africa) Ltd. The firm was primarily engaged in trading of soap and in 1924, the name was changed to West African Soap Company. Sensing opportunity in the country, the firm opened a soap factory in Apapa in 1925. The company later expanded into the production of food products, it opened a new soap factory in Aba in 1958 and changed its name to Lever Brothers Nigeria Limited in 1955. In 1960, Lever Brothers introduced Omo detergent into the market, the new product gained traction among buyers, prompting the firm to commission a factory to manufacture Omo detergents in 1964.
In compliance with the indigenisation decree of 1972, Unilever became a publicly listed company in 1973, selling 60% of its shares to the Nigerian public. The company became a Nigerian owned firm. The change in equity ownership did not affect the firm's growth. In 1982, the firm began producing edible products such as Royco, Blue band and Tree top in Agbara, Ogun State.
In addition, the company went through a period of mergers and acquisition; acquiring Lipton Nigeria in 1985 and later merging with Vaseline manufacturer, Chesebrough Products Industries in 1988. During this period, the company embarked on a backward integration scheme in order to source its raw materials locally. This business decision led the company to invest in crop production and oil palm milling. The company also invested in a tea plantation in Mambilla to provide raw materials for Lipton.
In 1995, Lever Brothers, 40% owned by Unilever merged with Unilever Nigeria Limited, a subsidiary of the Unilever U.K. The merger gave Unilever control of the newly merged entity, this was the first time since the indigenisation decree was scrapped that a multinational will have majority equity in a quoted Nigerian company. Prior to the merger, in 1994, Unilever group acquired A.J. Seward, a personal care products manufacturer from UAC Nigeria.
In 2001, the company changed its name to Unilever Nigeria Plc.
Unilever Nigeria Plc is involved in the manufacturing and marketing of foods and food ingredients as well as home and personal care products. The company has manufacturing plants in Agbara, Ogun State and Oregun, Lagos State.
Nestle Nigeria

Nestle Nigeria Plc is a publicly listed food and beverage specialty company headquartered in Lagos. It's mostly owned by a holding company based in Switzerland and have ties to the company Tolaram Group. The company was founded in 1961 and conducted trading under the name of Nestle Products Nigeria Limited. It has its main factory in Agbara Industrial Estate, Ogun State. The firm manufactures breakfast cereal, baby food products, food seasoning and hydrolyzed plant protein mix.
The firm was listed as one of the largest 100 companies in Africa by Africa Business magazine.
The company began business under the trade name of Nestle Products Nigeria, in 1969, the name was changed to Food Specialties Limited. It began trading on the Nigerian Stock Exchange in 1979 following an indigenization promotion decree. In 1991, the company's name was changed to Nestle Foods Nigeria, and ten years later it became Nestle Nigeria PLC. At its inception, the firm's operation was in the distribution and sales of Nestle products which had previously been imported into the country by merchants. In 1971, improved demand for its Maggi seasoning product led to the establishment of a packaging plant in Lagos. The firm leased land at the newly created Agbara Estate in 1978 and three years later began manufacturing Maggi and Milo products. In 1982, Nestle began producing Cerelac in Nigeria at Agbara. Between 1984 and 1986, the company introduced baby-weaning products with higher local content, these include Cerelac Maize and Nutrend, with a mixture of soy and maize. It later introduced Chocomilo, a confectionery item. In 2011, the firm expanded production of its marquee with the opening of a Maggi factory in Flowergate, Ogun State. Nestle Waters Nigeria inaugurated a community water facility to ensure safe and healthy drinking water in the Magedari suburb area of Abuja which was part of Nestle's effort to ensure healthy hydration.
As part of the efforts to create water conservation and proper hydration, the Marketing Manager, Nestle, Mrs . Gloria Nwabuike, said they have trained over 800 students, and 300 teachers in 140 schools in Lagos, Ogun, Osun states as well as in the Federal Capital Territory.
Nestle Nigeria has sponsored the Maggi national cooking competition and previously sponsored a Maggi cooking show. It also sponsored sports competition through it Milo brand.
The firm has two factories in Ogun State and a distribution center at Ota. Brands of Nestle such as Cerelac, Milo, Maggi cube have gained household name status.
Anambra West

6°21′48″N 6°45′7″E﻿ / ﻿6.36333°N 6.75194°E﻿ / 6.36333; 6.75194
Anambra West is a Local Government Area in the northwestern part of Anambra State, Nigeria.
Anambra west LGA has a 79 percent humidity level and an estimated average temperature of 27.5°C. The region has two significant seasons: the dry season, which runs from November to March, and the rainy season, which lasts from April to October.
There are significant resources in the Anambra West local government region. Additionally, fishing is a well-liked economic activity among the locals. In Anambra West, a range of crops, including yam, cassava, corn, and different vegetables, are grown. The trade industry in Anambra West is also thriving, with well-known marketplaces like the Eke Nnokwa and the Owelle Central market serving as venues for the sale and purchase of a wide range of goods.
List of companies of Spain

Spain is a sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southern Europe. It is a middle power and a major developed country with the world's fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing power parity. It is a member of the United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Schengen Area, the World Trade Organization (WTO) and many other international organisations. Spain has a "permanent invitation" to the G20 summits that occur generally once a year.
For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations, see "Business entities in Spain".
This list displays all 9 Spanish companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2018. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company.
This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.
List of companies of the Philippines

The Philippines is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It is a founding member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and the East Asia Summit. It also hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank. The Philippines is considered to be an emerging market and a newly industrialized country, which has an economy transitioning from being one based on agriculture to one based more on services and manufacturing.
For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations, see "Business entities in the Philippines".
This list shows companies included in the 2022 Forbes Global 2000, which ranks companies based on four measures: sales, profit, assets and market value. The list only includes publicly traded firms.
This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.
भारतातील सण व उत्सव

सांस्कृतिकदृष्ट्या वैविध्यपूर्ण असलेल्या भारतात अनेक सण व उत्सव साजरे केले जातात.
भारतात खालील तीन दिवस राष्ट्रीय सण म्हणून साजरे केले जातात.
रामनवमी - चैत्र शुद्ध नवमी
भोगी

भोगी हा सण मकर संक्रांतीच्या आदल्या दिवशी साजरा करतात. हा सण मार्गशीर्ष महिन्यात येतो. ग्रेगोरियन कॅलेंडरनुसार, हे सहसा १३ जानेवारी रोजी साजरे केले जाते. हा सण तमिळनाडू, आंध्र प्रदेश, तेलंगणा, कर्नाटक आणि महाराष्ट्रात मोठ्या प्रमाणावर साजरा केला जातो. भोगी आणि मकरसंक्रांत हे कृषीशी संबंधित सण आहेत.
भोगी हा उपभोगाचा सण होय असे मानले जाते. या दिवशी स्त्रिया अभ्यंगस्नान करतात. तमिळनाडूमध्ये संक्रांतीच्या आधी तीन दिवस पोंगल नावाचा उत्सव साजरा करतात. त्यातल्या पहिल्या दिवसाला ‘भोगी पोंगल’ असे म्हणतात. या दिवशी उपभोगाचे आणि आनंदाचे प्रतीक असलेल्या देवराज इंद्राची पूजा केली जाते.
भोगी वर, लोक जुन्या आणि दुर्लक्षित गोष्टी टाकून देतात आणि नवीन गोष्टींवर लक्ष केंद्रित करतात ज्यामुळे बदल किंवा परिवर्तन होते. पहाटेच्या वेळी, लोक लाकूड, इतर घन-इंधन आणि घरातील लाकडी फर्निचरसह शेकोटी पेटवतात जे यापुढे उपयुक्त नाहीत. हे वर्षाच्या खात्यांची समाप्ती आणि दुसऱ्या दिवशी कापणीच्या पहिल्या दिवशी नवीन खात्यांची सुरुवात दर्शवते.
यावेळेस मटार, गाजर, वांगी, तीळ आदी पीक विपुल प्रमाणात तयार होते. त्यामुळे या कालखंडात मिळणाऱ्या सर्व भाज्या एकत्र करून, त्यात तिळाचे कूट घालून भाजी तयार करतात. तीळ लावून बाजरीची भाकरी करतात. ती लोण्यासह खातात. विशेषत्वाने, मुगाच्या डाळीची खिचडीही या दिवशी केली जाते.
बाजरी आणि तीळ हे दोन्ही उष्ण गुणधर्माचे पदार्थ आहेत. थंडीच्या काळात शरीराला उष्णता मिळवून देण्यासाठी भोगीच्या दिवशी या पदार्थांचा जेवणात विशेष समावेश केला जातो.
दक्षिण भारतात विशेषतः भोगी पंडीगायी नावाने हा दिवस साजरा केला जातो. तमिळनाडू, आंध्र प्रदेश, तेलंगणा या राज्यात विविध नावांनी साजरा केला जातो. मत्तू पोंगल,कान्नुम पोंगल अशी याला नावे आहेत.
तिरुवतिरा

तिरुवतिरा हा केरळ आणि तमिळनाडू येथे साजरा होणारा हिंदू सण आहे. चिदंबरम या देवतेशी संबंधित हा उत्सव मानला जातो.चंद्र या देवतेशी या उत्सवाचा संबंध आहे असे मानले जाते.
तमिळ महिना मार्गझाई या काळात पौर्णिमेला हा सण साजरा होतो. वर्षातील ही सर्वात मोठी रात्अर सते से मानले जाते. शिलालेख आणि जुन्या इतिहास संदर्भांच्यानुसार हा सण १५०० वर्ष प्राचीन आहे. या दिवशी मंदिरांमध्ये तिरुवतिरा सूक्ताचे पठन केले जाते.नटराज शिव आणि त्याची पत्नी पार्वती यांच्या मूर्ती मिरवणूक काढण्यासाठी मंदिराबाहेर प्रांगणात आणल्या जातात. तमिळनाडू मधील शिव मंदिरामधील हा सर्वात मोठा उत्सव आसतो.
थंडीच्या काळातील पौष्टिक खाद्यपदार्थ तयार करून त्याचा नैवेद्य शिवाला दाखविणे, शंकराची नटराज रूपातील पूजा करणे, विशेष आरतीचे आयोजन करणे असे याचे स्वरूप असते. महाशिवरात्री उत्सवाशी याचे साधर्म्य असल्याचे दिसून येते.
कार्तिक दीपोत्सव

कार्तिक दीपम् हा भारत देशाच्या केरळ राज्यातील हिंदूंचा सण आहे. थ्रिकार्थिका, कार्थिकै विलाक्किडु या नावानेही तो ओळखला जातो. केरळच्या जोडीने तमिळनाडू आणि श्रीलंका येथेही हा उत्सव संपन्न होतो. तमिळ पंचांगानुसार कार्तिक महिन्यात म्हणजे ग्रेगोरिअन महिना नोव्हेंबर मध्य ते डिसेंबर मध्यापर्यत हा सण साजरा होतो. कार्तिक पौर्णिमेला कार्थिय्यायेनी भगवती देवीच्या स्वागतासाठी हा सण साजरा केला जातो. या महिन्याचे तमिळमधील नाव கார்த்திகை कार्तिकै असे आहे. आंध्र प्रदेश मधील तेलुगू कुटुंबातही कार्तिक महिन्याचे विशेष धार्मिक महत्त्व आहे.
दिवाळीच्या दिवशी कार्तिक महिन्याचा प्रारंभ होतो आणि त्या दिवसापासून एक महिना हा उत्सव साजरा केला जातो. महिनाभर दररोज घराच्या दारामधे दिवे लावले जातात. या काळात दररोज दिवसभर व्रताचा भाग म्हणून उपवास केला जातो आणि रात्री एकदाच अन्नग्रहण केले जाते. उपवास सोडताना खीर इ. गोड पदार्थ आणि प्रामुख्याने मीठ नसलेले पदार्थ खाल्ले जातात. पौर्णिमेच्या दिवशी ३६५ वातींपासून तयार केलेली ज्योत शिवमंदिरात प्रज्वलित केली जाते. या व्रताचा भाग म्हणून अडई, अप्पम, दूध, फळे यांचा नैवेद्य दररोज गोरज काळी देवाला महिला अर्पण करतात आणि पणत्या लावतात.
कार्तिक महिना हा भगवान कार्तिकेयांच्या उपासनेशी जोडला गेला आहे. शिवांनी आपल्या तिसऱ्या डोळ्यापासून कार्तिकेय या आपल्या पुत्राची निर्मिती केली अशी धारणा आहे. दुसऱ्या एका कथेनुसार सहा कृत्तिकांपासून सहा मुखे असलेल्या कार्तिकेयाची निर्मिती झाली अशीही आख्यायिका प्रचलित आहे. सहा कृत्तिकांच्या या संबंधामुळेच या देवतेचे कार्तिकेय हे नाव पडले आहे.
संगम साहित्याच्या काळात इसवी सन पूर्व २००- इसवी सन ३०० या दरम्यान रचल्या गेलेल्या अगनानूरू या ग्रंथात या सणाचा उल्लेख सापडतो. दक्षिण भारतीय कालगणनेनुसार कार्तिक पौर्णिमेला हा सण साजरा केला जात असे. केरळमधील सर्वात प्राचीन सणांपैकी हा एक प्रमुख सण मानला जात असे. अविय्यर या कवयित्रीच्या कवितांमधे या सणाचे वर्णन आढळते.
मडिसार

मडिसार ही भारताच्या तमिळनाडू राज्यातील ब्राह्मण समाजाच्या स्त्रीयांकडून साडी परिधान करण्यासाठीची एक शैली आहे. पाश्चात्य काळी, कोणत्याही लग्न झालेल्या स्त्रीने या शैलीद्वारे साडी परिधान करण्याची प्रथा होती, परंतु आज, बदलत्या काळानुरूप या पद्धतीत अनेक बदल झालेले दिसतात. जरी मडिसार स्त्रीयांकडून सर्ववेळ परिधान केली जात नसली तरीही संस्कॄतीची जपवणूक व्हावी या दृष्टीने काही ठराविक सामाजिक व धार्मिक सण, उत्सव वा इतर समारंभ जसे लग्न समारंभ, इत्यादींमध्ये आजही काही स्त्रिया या पद्धतीने साडी परिधान करतांना दिसतात. शिवाय केवळ ब्राह्मण समाजातीलच नव्हे तर इतर समाजांतील व इतर प्रांतांमधील स्त्रीयादेखील ह्या शैलीतील साड्या हल्ली परिधान करीत आहेत.
सामान्यतः साड्यांची लांबी ही ५.५ मीटर एवढी असते, परंतु मडिसार विविध कारणांमुळे उदाहरणार्थ लग्न समारंभांसाठी वेगळ्या शैलीच्या साड्या, काही सण व धार्मिक समारंभांसाठी वेगळ्या प्रकारच्या साड्या इत्यादी अशांमुळे या साड्यांची लांबी सुमारे ९ मीटरपर्यंत असू शकते. अय्यर आणि आयंगर या तमिळनाडू मधील संस्कृतींचा मडिसार हा एक आविभाज्य व अतिशय महत्त्वपूर्ण घटक आहे. अय्यर आणि आयंगर ब्राह्मण स्त्रिया त्यांच्या जीवनकालातील महत्त्वपूर्ण प्रसंगांच्या वेळी, जसे की त्यांचा लग्न-समारोह, सर्व महत्त्वपूर्ण पुजा व विधी, आणि मृत्यू व शोक सभांच्या वेळी मडिसार परिधान करतात. अय्यर आणि आयंगर दोन्हींमध्ये मडिसार परिधान करण्याच्या पद्धती निराळ्या आहेत, जसे की अय्यर स्त्रिया उजव्या खांद्यावर साडीचा पदर घेतात, तर आयंगर स्त्रिया साडीचा पदर डाव्या खांद्यावर घेतात.
सध्या मडिसार साड्या रेशीम, सूती, रेशीम-सुती मिश्रित, पॉलिस्टर-सुती मिश्रित इत्यादी कापड प्रकारांमध्ये उपलब्ध आहे. शिवाय या साड्या परिधान करण्यासाठीची माहिती आंतरजालावरील विविध संकेतस्थळांवर मिळू शकते. आणि जर तरीदेखील साड्या परिधान करण्यास अडचण येत असेल तर बाजारांमध्ये आयत्या बनवलेल्या मडिसार साड्या देखिल उपलब्ध आहेत.
जल्लीकट्टु

जल्लीकट्टु किंवा चल्लीकट्टु तमिळनाडूतील मदुराई जिल्ह्यात पोंगल उत्सवादरम्यान होणारी बैलांची झुंज आहे. प्राणी अत्याचार प्रतिबंध कायद्यांतर्गत या खेळास भारताच्या सर्वोच्च न्यायालयाने बंदी आणली आहे. या प्रकरणावरील याचिकेवर सध्या तेथे अद्याप निर्णय झाला नाही. तामिळनाडूतील नागरिकांनी या बंदीविरोधात याचिका दाखल केली आहे. त्यावरील निर्णय प्रलंबित आहे.
१८ मे २०२३ रोजी तीन राज्याच्या कायद्यात सुधारणा करून सर्वोच्च न्यायालयाने पुढील खेळांना मान्याता दिली: महाराष्ट्रातील बैलगाडा शर्यत, तामिळनाडूतील जलिकट्टू शर्यत आणि कर्नाटक राज्यातील कंबाला शर्यत.