davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Vicki Peterson

Victoria Anne Theresa Peterson Cowsill (born January 11, 1958) is an American rock musician and songwriter. She has been the lead guitarist for the Bangles since their founding in 1981. After their first disbandment in 1989, she has returned to the band for all subsequent reunions. In intervening years, she has performed with other artists, most extensively with the Continental Drifters.
Peterson described herself as a solo artist in her early years – "I was a kid who brought her guitar to every sleep-over and summer afternoon in the park to play her newest creation to anyone who would listen…" In high school she formed a band that went through various incarnations as Crista Galli, Aishi, the Muze, the Fans, and Those Girls from 1976 to 1980.
In 1981, she founded the Bangs, later renamed the Bangles, with her sister Debbi Peterson and Susanna Hoffs.
After the Bangles disbanded in 1989, Peterson played with the Continental Drifters and the Psycho Sisters, in both cases with Susan Cowsill. In addition to performing their own material, the Psycho Sisters freelanced as backing singers (Steve Wynn's Fluorescent, Giant Sand's Center of the Universe), and Peterson has contributed harmony vocals to recordings by the Hoodoo Gurus, John Doe, Tom Petty and Belinda Carlisle. Additionally, she filled in for a pregnant Charlotte Caffey on the 1994–1995 Go-Go's reunion tour. In 1999 the Bangles reformed and have recorded and played sporadically.
Peterson married musician John Cowsill, brother of her Continental Drifters and Psycho Sisters bandmate Susan Cowsill, on October 25, 2003. The couple have no children together. An earlier relationship had ended when her fiancé Bobby Donati died of leukemia in 1991.
Peterson lived for several years in New Orleans before relocating back to Los Angeles.
In August 2014, after playing together as the Psycho Sisters for more than 20 years, Peterson and Susan Cowsill released their first album, titled Up on the Chair, Beatrice. In 2017, she and John Cowsill joined Bill Mumy as the band Action Skulls to release an album (also including posthumous contributions from the bassist Rick Rosas) titled "Angels Hear".
Vicki Peterson's first guitar was a plastic guitar from Sears. She "got serious" when, at age nine, she became the proud owner of an Electro ES-17 guitar and an 8-watt Rickenbacker amp. Her next few guitars would be a double cutaway Univox Ripper, a 1972 Gibson Les Paul Custom and a 1967 Fender Stratocaster, which she used on many of the Bangles early recordings. She has also been known to use Carvin guitars and amps, and by the time the Bangles reformed, Vicki also used a Gibson mandolin, a pink Fender Telecaster Thinline, several Daisy Rock Girl Guitars, and Gretsch guitars. When her 72 Les Paul Custom was stolen, Vicki eventually replaced it with a burgundy Les Paul Custom. Vicki's primary amps were Carvin amps, as well as a Marshall combo, a Fender Twin, a 1965 Fender Deluxe Reverb, and a Fender Super Reverb, but as for pedals, she used an Ibanez Tube Screamer. She lists among her influences Paul Simon, Bonnie Raitt, Joni Mitchell, George Harrison, and Nancy Wilson.
Prettier Than Pink

Prettier Than Pink was an all-female Filipino pop rock group. The band went professional in 1991 with members Lei Bautista (lead vocalist), Annie Trillo (bass guitars), Gretchen Gregorio (keyboards), and Vanessa Garcia (drummer). Originally called Pretty and Pink, the band started playing 1960s music and progressed to playing 1980s music by artists such as Go-Go's, the Bangles, and the B-52s.
In 1995 a self-produced demo garnered interest from various record labels and the group changed its name to Prettier Than Pink. Neo Records (now VIVA Records) eventually signed them up. After five months, an eponymous debut album went gold. The single "Cool Ka Lang", written and composed by Bautista, reached no. 1 on the OPM charts.
By 1997, Prettier Than Pink's line-up had changed, with Bautista remaining the group's leader. Their second album, UnPink, was less commercially successful turn, but the song "Baby" received regional airplay. In 1998, Bautista was nominated for an Awit Award for "Baby".
Bautista left for the U.S. shortly thereafter, reviving Prettier Than Pink in America as a new wave-styled group. In 2005, Prettier Than Pink started recording their U.S. debut for the Sutton Records label.
Saba Ali Khan

Saba Ali Khan Pataudi (born 1 May 1976) is an Indian jewelry designer and mutawalli (Chief Trustee) of the Auqaf-e-Shahi (Royal Trust), established by the-then ‘Princely State’ of the Kingdom of Bhopal as a royal charitable endowment. She is the elder daughter of actress Sharmila Tagore and former India cricket captain Mansoor Ali Khan, Crown Prince of Bhopal, and the sister of actors Saif Ali Khan and Soha Ali Khan.
Khan, a member of the Pataudi family of Pashtun (Afghan) ancestry, is the daughter of cricketer Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi and actress Sharmila Tagore. Khan is the sister of actors, Saif Ali Khan and Soha Ali Khan. Actors Sara Ali Khan and Ibrahim Ali Khan are her niece and nephew, respectively, while actress Kareena Kapoor Khan is her sister-in-law.
Khan is the granddaughter of Sajida Begum, the Nawab Begum of Bhopal, and Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi, the Nawab of Pataudi. Her great-grandfather, Hamidullah Khan, succeeded the throne of Bhopal, after a long reign of royal queens. The titular Begum of Bhopal, Saleha Sultan, was her aunt, and through her she is the first cousin of cricketer, Saad Bin Jung. Major General of Pakistan Sher Ali Khan Pataudi is her great-granduncle, and the diplomat Shahryar Khan is her uncle, through her grandaunt Abida Sultan.
The Auqaf-e-Shahi is a charitable trust that was endowed by the royal family of the Kingdom of the State of Bhopal. The trust manages a portfolio worth Rs 1200 crore, consisting mainly of real estate (both, religious and otherwise) in Bhopal, apart from properties in Mecca as well as Medina in Saudi Arabia. As a convention, a family member of the ruler of the state of Bhopal, or the ruler himself, was the mutawalli, the chief trustee who managed the assets of the trust for philanthropic purposes. Indian cricket captain Mansoor Ali Khan, who was the titular Nawab of Bhopal and Pataudi was the mutawalli till his death in 2011. Saba served under her father as naib mutawalli (Deputy Trustee) before taking over the reigns after his demise, while her brother Saif Ali Khan inherited the titular titles of the Nawab of Bhopal and Pataudi, and the respective estates.
Mansoor Ali Khan reportedly did not think of his son as a possible mutawalli, conscious that a film actor's appointment as head of islamic religious bodies may not go down well with certain sections.
In her tenure as the mutawalli, Auqaf-e-Shahi has acquired certain additional properties in Mecca. In 2016, she announced that the Waqf tribunal has declared that 34 acres of land around the Shahi Qabristan in Bhopal belonged to Auqaf-e-Shahi, and the same would be monetised with the proceeds going to improve the educational and health institutions of Bhopal.
Doug Sax

Doug Sax (April 26, 1936 – April 2, 2015) was an American mastering engineer from Los Angeles, California. He mastered three The Doors' albums, including their 1967 debut; six Pink Floyd's albums, including The Wall; Ray Charles' multiple-Grammy winner Genius Loves Company in 2004, and Bob Dylan's 36th studio album Shadows in the Night in 2015.
Sax was born in Los Angeles on April 26, 1936, to Mildred and Remy Sax. While attending Fairfax High School in West Los Angeles, Sax played the trumpet alongside trumpeter Herb Alpert. Upon graduation, Sax attended University of California, Los Angeles and then was drafted into the Army where he played trumpet in the Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra from 1959 to 1961.
From an early age, Sax was interested in recorded sound, and although he had established a career as a symphonic trumpeter, on December 27, 1967, along with Lincoln Mayorga, a friend from junior high who had become a music arranger and pianist for Capitol Records, and Sax's older brother Sherwood (Bert), an engineer, he opened The Mastering Lab. One of the first big albums Sax mastered at The Mastering Lab was The Doors' debut album which was inducted into the Library of Congress on March 25, 2015.
The Mastering Lab uses equipment designed by Sherwood, which features handcrafted electronics, from the tape machines to the equalizers, compressors / limiters, A/D - D/A converters, and monitoring amplifiers. That, combined with his ears and expertise, helped Sax forge a long and successful career at The Mastering Lab. In 1970, Sax and Mayorga founded Sheffield Lab Recordings, an audiophile label which produced direct-to-disc classical and jazz albums.
In the 1970s, he helped establish the audiophile record company Sheffield Lab, with his friend Lincoln Mayorga. Known for their Direct-To-Disk and Live to 2-track recordings, they recorded such artists as Tower of Power, Dave Grusin, Thelma Houston, Harry James, James Newton Howard, Michael Ruff, Pat Coil, and Clair Marlo.
By 1972, Sax was mastering 20% of the top 100 chart in Billboard magazine. Albums mastered by Sax and released in 1971 included such titles as The Who's Who's Next, Harry Nilsson's Nilsson Schmilsson, The Rolling Stones' Sticky Fingers and the Eagles' self-titled debut album. During his career, Sax cut thousands of LP masters with his custom designed, all-tube signal path including Pink Floyd's The Wall (and all subsequent Pink Floyd releases up to 2014's The Endless River), the reissue of the Slayer thrash metal group's Vinyl Conflict box set and Pantera vinyl reissues, the Eagles' Greatest Hits, and Brian Wilson Reimagines Gershwin.
Sax died in Los Angeles on April 2, 2015, aged 78, from cancer.
Recording engineer and producer Al Schmitt released a statement on Sax's death:
Grammy Awards
TEC Awards Sax has been nominated seven times for the Mix Foundation TEC Awards for Creative Achievement, winning twice for:
AES (Audio Engineer Society) Lifetime Honorary Membership Award
Music on The Sopranos

The HBO television drama The Sopranos received considerable critical attention for effective use of an eclectic array of music. Series creator David Chase personally selected all the show's music, with the producer Martin Bruestle and music editor Kathryn Dayak—sometimes also consulting Steven Van Zandt, who portrays Silvio Dante on the show and is also a guitarist for Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band. They often selected music after completing an episode's production and editing, but occasionally filmed sequences to match pre-selected pieces of music.
Stylistically, the music on the show ranges from mainstream pop (Britney Spears, The Bangles) to oldies and classic rock artists (The Beach Boys, The Rolling Stones, Pink Floyd), from classic jazz and soul (Ella Fitzgerald, Ben E. King) to hip-hop (Xzibit, Time Zone), often within a single episode.
In the opening credits for each episode, Tony Soprano (James Gandolfini) drives from the Lincoln Tunnel to his home in North Caldwell, New Jersey. The musical accompaniment for this segment is the "Chosen One Mix" of the song "Woke Up This Morning" by the British band Alabama 3 (known in the United States as A3 for legal reasons). "Woke Up This Morning (Chosen One Mix)" is four minutes and five seconds long, so a shortened version of it is used in the opening credits, which is approximately one minute and thirty seconds long.
Each episode's closing credits sequence features a unique piece of previously recorded music, with few exceptions. The episode "A Hit Is a Hit" uses a song by the fictional band Defiler, which appeared earlier in the episode. Three episodes feature multiple songs in the credits sequence ("Commendatori," "Whitecaps" and "Cold Stones"), while two episodes ("Full Leather Jacket" and "Made in America") have no music at all.
The following is a list of songs used at the end of each episode:
For the version of the series aired in Europe, the producers partially replaced the music for licensing reasons. European DVD editions (in the case of the first season, only the 16:9 re-issue) contain these altered versions as foreign-language dubs as well as the original unaltered English soundtrack in Dolby Digital 5.1.
To date, there have been two official soundtrack compilations released in association with The Sopranos. The first, titled The Sopranos: Music from the HBO Original Series, was released in 1999, and contains selections from the show's first two seasons. The second, titled The Sopranos: Peppers & Eggs: Music from the HBO Original Series, was released in 2001, and contains two Compact Discs of songs from the show's first three seasons.
Pocket Rockers

Pocket Rockers was a brand of personal stereo produced by Fisher-Price in the late 1980s, aimed at elementary school-age children. They played a proprietary variety of miniature cassette (appearing to be a smaller version of the 8-track tape) which was released only by Fisher-Price themselves. Designed to be as much of a fashion accessory as a music player, the devices were enough of a youth craze to even be banned in some schools for a brief period.
Housed in a variety of stylish, translucent colors, each tape had two songs in mono which could be clipped to clothing to showcase one's musical taste. Tapes were available from several pop stars, including Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Tiffany, or Debbie Gibson and even rock stars like Bon Jovi or The Bangles. The commercials featured an original theme song which was a parody of "Down on the Corner" by Creedence Clearwater Revival.
In addition to standard blue on black and pink on black color schemes, 3 variations of Pocket Rockers were released utilizing Memphis Milano (a popular and contemporary design style at the time). A collectors set was released featuring one such design, and a deluxe system was also released which included speakers and a display stand with an amplifier. Other official Pocket Rockers branded accessories included bracelets, a bandana, a multitude of tape storage options (cases, frames, and clips), mini tape clip-ons, a carrying case, a purse, and headphones.
Following a sharp decline in sales, the Pocket Rockers line was discontinued in 1991 until ultimately being removed from Fisher-Price's toy catalog in 1992. Today, the player and cassettes are sought after by collectors for their unique novelty and design.
Inside the Pocket Rockers cartridge, the same 3.81 mm (0.150 Inch) tape like in the Compact Cassette is used, running at same tape speed of 1+7⁄8 Inch per second. The upper two tracks contain one mono recording each, and the player has a switch that lets the listener change between the two available tracks. A small knob on the front controls the volume, and a headphone jack is on the side as well as a slider to eject the tape.
Winding the tape into a Compact Cassette, the recording is playing backwards. The lower two tracks were not used. The tape head is bottom top mounted Compact Cassette player head. The small endless tape cartridge based on a technology invented by Bernard Cousino is operated by a belt-driven capstan. Unlike standard cassettes, the pinch roller is part of the cassette rather than the player.
† denotes recording not by original artist.
Belly chain

A belly chain or waist chain is the popular English term for the Indian jewelry called kamarband. The belly chain is a type of body jewelry worn around the waist. Some belly chains attach to a navel piercing; these are also called "pierced belly chains". They are often made of silver or gold. Sometimes a thread is used around the waist instead of a chain. The chain may be delicate and thin, or heavy and thick.
Belly chains are considered auspicious for women in Indian culture.
The use of waist chains can be traced back to 4000 years or more originating in the Indian Subcontinent. Historically, waist chains have been used in India, by men and women, as ornaments and as part of religious ceremonies, as accessories and to show affluence.
Many ancient sculptures and paintings from locations in India, dating back to the Indus Valley civilization, indicate that waist chains were a very popular jewelry. Many deities in the Hinduism, such as Lord Krishna, wore waist chains. A waistband called cummerbund or patka was a part of the medieval upper class costume of Rajasthanis.
A 14th-century poem indicates that the waist chain has been a fashion for men in some parts of South India.
Belly chains are common among women in India. In some regions waist chains are common among men as well. In the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu, every newborn receives a waist chain as a cultural pact.
Namboothri men generally wear waist strings even as adults. In some aristocratic families, Namboothiri men wore a flattened triple gold string around the waist. As a Hindu custom newborns get a waist chain (Aranjanam) on the 28th day after their birth. In Kerala, almost all newborns irrespective of the religious affiliation get a waist chain. Although many boys generally abandon waist chains during their teenage years, most girls and a sizable number of boys continue to wear waist chains as adults. A follower of Lord Siva is expected to wear a chain, with Rudrakshas strung in a white chain with one hundred beads, around the waist. In Lakshdweep a silver thread is worn by both men and women. Dhodia and Kathodis or Katkari men use ornaments around the waist.
For cultural reasons, waist chains became a fashion accessory for women and men in many parts of the world.
A similar garment of beads worn around the waist has appeared in several aspects of African culture such as dress, childcare, and relationships. Notably in Ghanaian and Nigerian culture, these waist beads have functioned as slings for loincloths, and as support when a child is carried on one's back. In childcare, they have been included as part of naming ceremonies and to measure growth until puberty. As the practice has spread throughout the diaspora, they have become accessories to express femininity, enhance sexuality by drawing attention to the hips, and serve as a symbol of fertility. Some women also wear them to achieve the appearance of a desired hourglass body shape.
Jewellery of Tamil Nadu

Tamil people have historically been connoisseurs of fine golden jewellery, which has a history predating the Sangam period in the Indian subcontinent. Ancient Tamil literature lists out the different types of jewellery worn by women historically from head to toe. Apart from gold, jewellery was also fashioned out of silver, copper and brass.
Tamil annai (The Mother Tamil) is praised by ornamenting her with The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature.
Silver ornaments wore below the waist are listed below
Pramod Panju

Pramod Panju is an Indian television and film actor in Kannada cinema and television. He is from Mandya, Karnataka. Panju debuted in 2015 in the film Geetha Bangle Store and later appeared in the television shows Chukki and Punar Vivaha . He starred as Shiva in the serial Mahadevi, and as Karthik in Sanju Mattu Naanu. He next appeared in the 2019 Kannada film Premiere Padmini.
Bohol

Ang Bohol ay isang pulong lalawigan ng Pilipinas na matatagpuan sa rehiyong Gitnang Visayas. Lungsod ng Tagbilaran ang kabisera nito at nasa kanluran nito ang pulo ng Cebu, nasa hilagang-silangan naman ang Leyte at nasa timog, sa ibayo ng Dagat Bohol, ang Mindanao.
Tanyag ang lalawigan bilang destinasyong panturismo dahil sa mga magagandang dalampasigan at resorts. Ang Chocolate Hills, ay ang pinakadinarayong tanawin sa lalawigan. Ang Pulo ng Panglao, na matatagpuan sa timog kanluran ng Lungsod ng Tagbilaran, ay tanyag na lugar pansisid at palaging nakatala bilang isa sa sampung pinakamagandang sisiran "diving location" sa buong daigdig. Ang tarsier, ang sinasabing pinakamaliit na unggoy sa buong daigdig, ay matatagpuan sa pulo.
Ito ang lalawigan ng ika-8 pangulo ng Pilipinas, si Carlos P. Garcia, na naging pangulo ng Pilipinas noong (1957–1961), ay isinilang sa Talibon, Bohol.
Ang pulo ng Bohol ay isang pulong may hugis habilog, na may mga katamtamang taas ng mga bundok. Sa mga bundok ng Bohol matatagpuan ang mga pambihirang mga uri ng halaman at hayop. Binubuo rin ang pulo ng lalawigan ng mga burol. Sa Carmen, Batuan, at Sagbayan matatagpuan ang mga halos perpektong hugis na apang burol na tinatawag bilang Chocolate Hills. Ang Chocolate Hills sa Carmen, Bohol ay sinasabing isa sa mga natural na hiwaga ng Bohol at kadalasang sinasabing Hiyas ng Pilipinas.
Ang Chocolate Hills ng Pilipinas ay tanyag sa kanilang mga brown na burol. Ang mga marilag na burol na ito ay karaniwang natatakpan ng berdeng damo, na nagiging kulay ng tsokolate sa panahon ng tuyong panahon. Ang mga chocolaty at magnanimous na burol na ito ay higit sa isang libo ang bilang at nagkalat sa isang lugar na 50 square kilometros sa mga bayan ng Carmen, Batuan, at Sagbayan.
May mga dalampasigan din sa pulo ng Bohol na puti ang buhangin. Ang pinakatanyag sa mga ito ay ang mga dalampasigan ng Pulo ng Panglao.
May apat na pangunahing mga ilog na dumadaloy sa Bohol. Ang Ilog Loboc ang pinakatanyag sa lahat dahil sa mga bangkang may kainang naglalayag doon na matatagpuan sa timog silangang bahagi ng pulo.
Platyrrhini

Ang New World monkeys (tuwirang salin: "mga unggoy ng Bagong Daigdig") ang tawag sa limang pamilya ng mga primate na matatagpuan sa Gitna at Timog Amerika: ang Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, at Atelidae. Ang limang pamilya ay samasamang narangguhan bilang pavorden na Platyrrhini at superpamilyang Ceboidea na likas na magkasingkahulugan dahil ang Ceboidea ang tanging nabubuhay na superpamilya na Platyrrhini. Sila ay iba mula sa ibang mga pagpapangkat ng mga unggoy at primado gaya ng mga Lumang Daigdig na Unggoy at mga bakulaw.
Ang sumusunod ang talaan ng iba't ibang mga pamilyang platyrrhine na inilarawan ninaRyland at Mittermeier (2009), at ang kanilang posisyon sa Orden na Primates:
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Getafe, Bohol

Ang Bayan ng Getafe o Jetafe (pagbigkas: /hé•ta•fe/) ay isang Ika-4 na klaseng bayan sa lalawigan ng Bohol, Pilipinas. Ayon sa senso ng 2020, ito ay may populasyon na 33,422 sa may 7,535 na kabahayan.
Ang bayan ng Getafe ay nahahati sa 24 na mga barangay.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Francisco Dagohoy

Si Francisco Dagohoy ay isang cabeza de barangay at namuno sa pinakamatagal na rebelyon sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas.
Si Francisco Dagohoy ay ipinanganak bilang Francisco Sendrijas sa Inabangan, Bohol. Mayroon siyang dalawang kapatid. Sa kanyang paglaki ay naging cabeza de barangay siya ng kanyang bayan.
Ang pangalang "Dagohoy" ay nagmula sa pinaikling “Dagon sa huyuhoy” o isang anting-anting ("dagon" sa Cebuano) na kanyang suot na pinaniniwalaan ng mga tao na nagbibigay sa kanya ng alindog na tulad ng isang banayad na hangin o “hoyohoy”.
Nagsimula ang pag-aklas ni Dagohoy noong tumanggi si Padre Gaspar Morales, isang Heswitang pari, na bigyan ng isang Kristiyanong libing ang kapatid ni Francisco na si Sagarino na namatay habang sinusunod ang utos ni Padre Morales na dakipin ang isang taksil na indio.
Tumagal ang himagsikan ng walongpu at limang (85) taon na nagsimula noong taong 1744. Ipinagpatuloy pa rin ng mga tagasunod ni Francisco Dagohoy ang pakikipaglaban bagama't posibleng namatay na si Dagohoy bago ang katapusan ng rebolusyon noong Agosto 31, 1829.
Walang katiyakan kung kailan at paano namatay si Francisco Dagohoy. Maaaring pumanaw siya dahil sa sakit o katandaan bago ang taong 1829.
Noong 1956 ay itinatag at ipinangalan kay Francisco Dagohoy ang bayan ng Dagohoy sa lalawigan ng Bohol.
Idineklara ang Hulyo 4 bilang "Francisco Dagohoy Day" sa bisa ng Republic Act. No. 11444 upang parangalan si Francisco Dagohoy.
Sa kauna-unahang pagkakataon, ang mga labi ng isang bayani, ni Francisco Dagohoy, ay ipapakita sa Dagohoy History Museum sa Danao, Bohol.
Itinayo ang isang monumento para kay Francisco Dagohoy sa Danao, Bohol.
Tubigon

Ang Bayan ng Tubigon ay isang Ika-2 na klaseng bayan sa lalawigan ng Bohol, Pilipinas. Ayon sa senso ng 2020, ito ay may populasyon na 47,886 sa may 11,389 na kabahayan.
Ang bayan ng Tubigon ay nahahati sa 34 na mga barangay.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Mga Boholano

Ang mga Boholano, na tinatawag ding Bol-anon, ay tumutukoy sa mga taong nakatira sa lalawigang pulo ng Bohol. Bahagi sila ng mas malawak na Bisaya na pangkat etnolingguwistiko, na bumubuo sa pinakamalaking pangkat etnolingguwistiko sa Pilipinas.
Sinasabing inapo ang mga Boholano ng huling pangkat ng mga nanirahan sa Pilipinas na tinatawag na pintados o "mga nakatatu." May sariling kultura na ang mga Boholano noon gaya ng pinatutunayan ng mga artepaktong hinukay sa Mansasa, Lungsod ng Tagbilaran, at sa Dauis at Panglao.
Pulo ng Panglao

Ang Panglao ay isang pulo sa Pilipinas na matatagpuan sa Gitnang Kabisayaan na may kabuuang suka na 80.5 km kwadrado. Nahahati ang pulo sa dalawang bayan: Ang Dauis at Panglao, na bahagi ng Bohol. Ang Panglao ay matatagpuan sa timog kanluran ng pulo ng Bohol, at silangan ng pulo ng Cebu. Tanyag na destinasyong panturismo ang pulo sa Pilipinas na kinabibilangan ng maliit na mga pulo gaya ng Gak-ang, Pontod, at Balicasag.
Noong 2010, tinatayang may 68,051 ang populasyon ng pulo ng Panglao.
Ang lupain ng Panglao ay binubuo ng kapatagan, burol at bulubundukin. Nabuo ang Panglao mula sa apog na Maribojoc, ang pinakabagong uri ng apog na matatagpuan sa kanlurang bahagi ng Bohol.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Pilipinas ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Dagat Bohol

Ang Dagat Bohol, na kilala rin bilang Dagat Mindanao, ay matatagpuan sa pagitan ng Bisayas at ng Mindanao sa Pilipinas. Nasa timog ito ng Bohol at Leyte at hilaga ng Mindanao. Dalawa sa mga pangunahing pulong matatagpuan dito ay ang Siquijor at Camiguin.
Ilan sa mga pangunahing lungsod na matatagpuan sa baybayin ng dagat ay ang Cagayan de Oro, Iligan, Butuan, Dumaguete, Ozamis, at Tagbilaran.
Dumudugtong ang Dagat Bohol sa Dagat Pilipinas sa Kipot ng Surigao at sa Dagat Sulu sa kipot sa pagitan ng Negros at ng Tangway ng Zamboanga.
9°10′N 124°20′E﻿ / ﻿9.167°N 124.333°E﻿ / 9.167; 124.333
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
President Carlos P. Garcia, Bohol

Ang Bayan ng Presidente Carlos P. Garcia ay isang Ika-5 na klaseng bayan sa lalawigan ng Bohol, Pilipinas. Ayon sa senso ng 2020, ito ay may populasyon na 23,625 sa may 5,727 na kabahayan.
Ang bayan ng Pres. Carlos P. Garciaay nahahati sa 23 na mga barangay.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Distritong pambatas ng Bohol

Ang mga Distritong Pambatas ng Lalawigan ng Bohol, Una, Ikalawa at Ikatlo ang mga kinatawan ng lalawigan ng Bohol sa mababang kapulungan ng Pilipinas.
Ang Bohol ay dating nahahati sa tatlong distritong pambatas mula 1907 hanggang 1972. Bahagi ito ng kinakatawan ng Rehiyon VII sa Pansamantalang Batasang Pambansa, mula 1978 hanggang 1984. Mula 1984 hanggang 1986, nagpadala ng tatlong assemblymen at-large ang lalawigan sa Regular Batasang Pambansa. Sa ilalim ng bagong Konstitusyon, nagkaroon ng pagbabago sa tatlong distritong pambatas ng lalawigan.
Notes
Notes
List of endangered mammals

In September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) listed 474 endangered mammalian species. Of all evaluated mammalian species, 8.6% are listed as endangered. The IUCN also lists 86 mammalian subspecies as endangered.
Of the subpopulations of mammals evaluated by the IUCN, five species subpopulations have been assessed as endangered.
For a species to be considered endangered by the IUCN it must meet certain quantitative criteria which are designed to classify taxa facing "a very high risk of extinction". An even higher risk is faced by critically endangered species, which meet the quantitative criteria for endangered species. Critically endangered mammals are listed separately. There are 679 mammalian species which are endangered or critically endangered.
Additionally 783 mammalian species (14% of those evaluated) are listed as data deficient, meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN. While the category of data deficient indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed."
This is a complete list of endangered mammalian species and subspecies evaluated by the IUCN. Species and subspecies which have endangered subpopulations (or stocks) are indicated. Where possible common names for taxa are given while links point to the scientific name used by the IUCN.
Species
Subspecies
There are 121 species and 56 subspecies of primate assessed as endangered.
Species
Subspecies
Species
Subspecies
There are 48 species and one subspecies of lemur assessed as endangered.
Species
Subspecies
Species
Subspecies
Species
Subspecies
Species
Subspecies
Species
Subspecies
Cetartiodactyla includes dolphins, whales and even-toed ungulates. There are 40 species, 14 subspecies, and four subpopulations of cetartiodactyl assessed as endangered.
There are 33 species and ten subspecies of non-cetacean even-toed ungulate assessed as endangered.
Species
Subspecies
Species
Subspecies
Species
Subspecies
Subpopulations
Species
Subspecies
Includes tenrecs and golden moles.
There are 43 species in the order Eulipotyphla assessed as endangered.
Rabbits and relatives
There are 142 species and one subspecies of rodent assessed as endangered.
("Porcupine-like")
There are 103 species in Myomorpha assessed as endangered.
Includes mice, rats, gerbils, and relatives.
Includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, and New World rats and mice.
("Beaver-like")
("Squirrel-like")
Species
Subspecies
There are 46 bat species assessed as endangered.
Species
Subspecies
List of data deficient mammals

In September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) listed 783 data deficient mammalian species. Of all evaluated mammalian species, 14% are listed as data deficient. The IUCN also lists 30 mammalian subspecies as data deficient.
Of the subpopulations of mammals evaluated by the IUCN, four species and/or subpopulations have been assessed as data deficient.
This is a complete list of data deficient mammalian species and subspecies evaluated by the IUCN. Species and subspecies which have data deficient subpopulations (or stocks) are indicated. Where possible common names for taxa are given while links point to the scientific name used by the IUCN.
There are 20 species and 26 subspecies of primate evaluated as data deficient.
Subspecies
Species
Subspecies
Species
Subspecies
Species
Subspecies
Cetartiodactyla includes dolphins, whales and even-toed ungulates. There are 61 species, one subspecies, and three subpopulations of cetartiodactyl evaluated as data deficient.
There are 45 species, one subspecies, and three subpopulations of cetacean evaluated as data deficient.
Species
Subpopulations
Species
Subpopulations
Species
Subspecies
Species
Includes tenrecs and golden moles.
Subpopulations
There are 83 species in the order Eulipotyphla evaluated as data deficient.
Rabbits and relatives
There are 380 rodent species evaluated as data deficient.
There are 82 species in Hystricomorpha evaluated as data deficient.
There are 245 species in Myomorpha evaluated as data deficient.
Includes mice, rats, gerbils, and relatives.
Includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, and New World rats and mice.
There are 50 species in Sciuromorpha evaluated as data deficient.
Squirrels, chipmunks, marmots, susliks and prairie dogs
There are 191 species and one subspecies of bat evaluated as data deficient.
There are 171 species and one subspecies of microbat evaluated as data deficient.
Species
Subspecies
List of near threatened mammals

In September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) listed 343 near threatened mammalian species. Of all evaluated mammalian species, 6.2% are listed as near threatened. The IUCN also lists 31 mammalian subspecies as near threatened.
Of the subpopulations of mammals evaluated by the IUCN, one species subpopulation and one subspecies subpopulation have been assessed as near threatened.
This is a complete list of near threatened mammalian species and subspecies evaluated by the IUCN. Species and subspecies which have near threatened subpopulations (or stocks) are indicated. Where possible common names for taxa are given while links point to the scientific name used by the IUCN.
Species
Subspecies
Species
Subspecies
Cetartiodactyla includes dolphins, whales and even-toed ungulates. There are 31 species, eight subspecies, one subpopulations of species, and one subpopulations of subspecies of cetartiodactyl assessed as near threatened.
There are 26 species and eight subspecies of non-cetacean even-toed ungulate assessed as near threatened.
Species
Subspecies
Subspecies
Species
Subspecies
Species
Subpopulations of species
Subpopulations of subspecies
There are 41 marsupial species assessed as near threatened.
Includes most of the Australian carnivorous marsupials.
Species
Subspecies
Includes tenrecs and golden moles.
Rabbits and relatives
There are 106 rodent species assessed as near threatened.
("Porcupine-like")
There are 63 species in Myomorpha assessed as near threatened.
Includes mice, rats, gerbils, and relatives.
Includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, and New World rats and mice.
("Beaver-like")
There are 25 species in Sciuromorpha assessed as near threatened.
Squirrels, chipmunks, marmots, susliks and prairie dogs
There are 79 bat species assessed as near threatened.
There are 63 microbat species assessed as near threatened.
List of tarsiiformes

Tarsiiformes is an infraorder of small primates. It contains a single extant family, Tarsiidae, and members of this infraorder are called tarsiiformes, with members of the family named tarsiers. Tarsiiformes is one of the six major groups in the order Primates. They are found in Maritime Southeast Asia, primarily in forests, though some species can also be found in caves or wetlands. They range in size from the pygmy tarsier, at 8 cm (3 in) plus a 20 cm (8 in) tail, to the Philippine tarsier, at 16 cm (6 in) plus a 25 cm (10 in) tail. Tarsiers are carnivorous and primarily eat insects, though they also consume small vertebrates such as lizards, birds, or bats. The only tarsier with a population estimate is Niemitz's tarsier, estimated at 10,000 to 20,000 mature individuals, but it, along with the Peleng tarsier, pygmy tarsier, and Sangihe tarsier, is categorized as endangered species, while the Siau Island tarsier is classified as critically endangered.
The fourteen extant species of Tarsiiformes are divided into three genera: Carlito and Cephalopachus, each with a single species, and Tarsius, containing the other twelve. A few extinct prehistoric Tarsiiformes species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.
Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the tarsier's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.
The infraorder Tarsiiformes consists of one extant family: Tarsiidae, containing fourteen species divided between three genera. Carlito and Cephalopachus each have a single species, and Tarsius contains the other twelve.
Family Tarsiidae
The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.
Peleng tarsier

The Peleng tarsier (Tarsius pelengensis), or the Peleng Island tarsier, is a nocturnal primate found on the island of Peleng, just east of Sulawesi, Indonesia. In western Peleng, the animal is called Lakasinding, while in the east, Siling.
Tarsiers are small, agile primates, adapted for climbing, leaping and foraging at night. They have long fingers and toes with gripping pads, large eyes, large ears and greyish fur. The body is about 12.5 cm (5 in) long, with a tail double this length. The adult weight is generally between 100 and 140 g (3.5 and 4.9 oz), with males tending to be slightly larger than females.
The Peleng tarsier is endemic to the island of Peleng, off the east coast of Sulawesi, and it may also be present on other smaller islands of the Banggai Archipelago. The natural habitat of this tarsier is primary forest; however, illegal logging and forest clearance has reduced the primary forest of the island to about 9% of its original extent. Little is known about the habitat requirement for this species, but other tarsier species have been found in secondary forest, or other non-primary habitat, so it seems likely that the Peleng tarsier can occupy similar habitat. Secondary forest occupies about 63% of the island, making 72% of the surface area potentially providing suitable habitat.
Tarsiers are social and tend to live in family groups with a home range. They are carnivorous, feeding on insects, spiders and other small arthropods as well as small vertebrates. During the day they sleep in concealed locations in tangled vegetation a few metres off the ground, emerging at dusk to forage during the night.
Like other tarsiers, this species can turn its head through almost 180 degrees in each direction, much like an owl. Breeding pairs communicate by making characteristic duetting calls. Due to the great similarity of these calls to those of Dian's tarsier (Tarsius dentatus), the two species are thought to be closely related. Studies of the calls of tarsiers on Sulawesi and the surrounding islands enable cryptic species to be distinguished from one another, and indicate that there may be four as yet undescribed species.
Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve

Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve, Indonesian: Tangkoko-Batuangus Dua Saudara is a nature reserve in the northern part of Sulawesi island of Indonesia, 70 kilometres (43 miles) from Manado City. The reserve covers an area of 8,718 hectares (21,540 acres), and includes three mountains: Mount Tangkoko at 1,109 metres (3,638 feet), Mount Dua Saudara at 1,361 metres (4,465 feet), and Mount Batuangus at 450 metres (1,480 feet).
The most common trees in the lowland rainforest of the park are species of the Palaquium genus, Cananga odorata and Dracontomelon dao.
Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve protects at least 127 mammal, 233 bird, and 104 reptile and amphibian species. Of these, 79 mammal, 103 bird, and 29 reptile and amphibian species are endemic to the island.
Threatened mammals include the Celebes crested macaque, of which about 5,500 remain on the island, spectral tarsier, Sulawesi bear cuscus and Sulawesi dwarf cuscus. Birds include the Green-backed Kingfisher, Sulawesi Lilac Kingfisher, Sulawesi Dwarf Kingfisher, knobbed hornbill, Sulawesi hornbill and maleo. Tangkoko Nature Reserve has been a popular destination in North Sulawesi for wildlife watching tourism.
The first conservation area at Mount Tongkoko was established in 1919; 106 years ago (1919). To this the Duasaudara area was added in 1978, and the Batuangus and Batuputih areas in 1981, together encompassing a total of 8,718 hectares (21,540 acres). Visitation is only allowed in the Batuputih area.
Several Indonesian and international environmental organisations are involved with conservation efforts in the reserve, including Sulut Bosami, Wildlife Conservation Society, and Tarantula.
Habitat destruction and hunting pose serious threats to the reserve. As result of hunting, between 1978 and 1993, the number of crested macaques declined by 75%, maleo birds by 90%, and bear cuscus by 95%. A survey of the three surrounding villages conducted in 2005 found that while the most frequently hunted species were rats, locals still hunted for macaques and cuscus both for meat and to be sold on the market.
Eugen Weber

Eugen Weber (n. 24 aprilie 1925, București, România – d. 17 mai 2007, Los Angeles, California, SUA) a fost un istoric american de origine română, specialist în istoria naționalismului francez.
Născut într-o familie înstărită, a fost trimis la vârsta de 12 ani la școală în Anglia, mai întâi în Herne Bay, apoi la colegiul metodist din Harrogate. În al doilea război mondial a fost combatant în armata britanică. În 1947 a fost trecut în rezervă, cu gradul de căpitan.
A studiat istoria la Universitatea din Paris și la Institut d'études politiques de Paris (Sciences Po).
După studiile din Franța s-a întors în Anglia, unde a obținut doctoratul la Emmanuel College, Cambridge.
Lăută

Lăuta (var. alăută) este un instrument muzical cu coarde ciupite, cu gâtul lung, îndoit spre spate și fără bare, iar cutia de rezonanță având pe față un orificiu de vibrație, este foarte bombată, cu un fund adânc și rotunjit, în formă de migdală, asemănător cu cobza.
Lăuta, de proveniență persano-arabă (al ûd) a fost introdusă în Europa din zona Spaniei, odată cu ocupația maură din secolele XI-XII. Europenii au preluat acest instrument și i-au adus unele modificări datorate unui alt sistem de gândire muzicală, tipic european și, într-un timp foarte scurt, acest instrument a căpătat o popularitate absolut incredibilă. Lăuta a fost foarte răspândită în Europa în sec. al XVI-XVIII-lea, în timpul Renașterii și a Barocului, fiind utilizată inițial doar ca acompaniament pentru voce, apoi și solistic. Popularitatea i s-a datorat și faptului că majoritatea partiturilor apărute foloseau tabulatura (notație alfabetică sau numerică în care liniile de portative, utilizate în prezent, erau înlocuite de o grilă de linii orizontale care nu reprezentau linii de portativ, ci chiar corzile instrumentului, iar notația care era trecută în tabulatură reprezenta exact indicația așezării degetelor pe grifura instrumentului), care le era accesibilă și celor care nu cunoșteau notația muzicală.
Dintre compozitorii vremii care au scris lucrări pentru lăută, trebuie menționați John Dowland (1563 - 1626) în Anglia, Adrian Le Roy (c. 1520-1598) și Robert de Visée (ca. 1655 – 1732/1733) în Franța, Sylvius Leopold Weiss (1686 - 1750) în Germania, cu toții compozitori și interpreți.
Printre cele mai vechi consemnări istorice care fac referire la lăută se numără referința biblică din Vechiului Testament, cartea Geneza cap. 4, versetele 20-21: "Ada a născut pe Iabal: el a fost tatăl celor ce locuiesc în corturi și păzesc vitele. Numele fratelui său era Iubal: el a fost tatăl tuturor celor ce cântă cu alăuta și cu cavalul."
Numele de lăutar vine de la lăută. Inițial, lăutarii au cântat la lăută, vioară sau diblă. Cu timpul, erau socotiți lăutari toți membrii unui taraf, indiferent de instrumentul la care cântau. În Moldova, cel mai renumit era Barbu Lăutarul – starostele și cobzarul, care a trăit între anii 1780 si 1860, la Iași. Lăutarii vehiculează atât folclor sătesc cât și unul orășenesc, cel din urmă executat într-o manieră adesea „folclorizantă”, provenind, în ordine cronologică, din cântecul de lume* greco-turco-perso-arab (sec. 17-19). Alte instrumente din familia lăutei sunt cobza, mandolina și charango.
Materiale media legate de Lăută la Wikimedia Commons
Muzică de lăută online
Fotografii istorice
Articole și resurse
Violet de gențiană

Violetul de gențiană este un derivat de trifenilmetan și colorant. Vopseaua a fost folosită ca și colorant și în metoda lui Gram pentru clasificarea bacteriilor. Violetul de gențiană are proprietăți antibacteriene, antifungice și vermifuge.
Colorant cu efecte antibacteriene, antihel­mintice și antifungice, folosit în administrare locala, în tratamentul infecțiilor cutaneo-mu­coase de origine bacteriană sau micotică.
În administrare sistemică este folosit în trata­mentul unor parazitoze (oxiuraza, schistoso­miaza, strongiloidoza). Efectele adverse con­stau în colorarea persistenta a tegumentelor care poate interfera cu diagnosticul clinic; aplicarea intertriginoasa sau în concentrații mari poate determina necroza locala.
Foederati

Foederatus (plural foederati) este un termen latin a cărui definiție a suferit numeroase schimbări în perioada dintre Republica Romană timpurie și sfârșitul Imperiului Roman de Apus. În istoria timpurie a Republicii Romane, un foederatus se identifica cu un trib care nu era colonie romană și ai căror membri nu primeau cetățenie romană (CIVITAS), dar care se obliga printr-un tratat (foedus) să furnizeze un contingent de bărbați gata de luptă atunci când era necesar, similar aliaților. Triburile latine erau considerate aliați de sânge, iar restul erau federați sau socii.
Vera Nikolić Podrinska

Vera Nikolić Podrinska (n. 8 iunie 1886, Zagreb, Regatul autonom Croația-Slavonia – d. 28 martie 1972, Zagreb, Republica Socialistă Croația, RSF Iugoslavia) a fost o pictoriță și baroneasă croată.
Podrinska a fost fiica baronului Vladimir Nikolic și a baronesei Elle, născută Scotti. Nikolić a învățat să picteze alături de pictorul croat Mandurriao Iveković, începând cu 1900, iar în Paris, alături de Andre Lhote și Leo Junek. În 1917 a avut prima ei expoziție personală .
În 1944, pe proprietatea acesteia de pe strada Pantovčak, Zagreb, a fost amplasată o închisoare, de către guvernul din Statul Independent al Croației. În tabără au fost ținuți prizonieri piloți americani. Piloților li s-a permis să lucreze în podgoria lui Nikolić și să poată folosi proprietatea acesteia să joace tenis și să asculte muzică, printre alte activități.
După terminarea războiului, proprietatea acesteia a fost naționalizată sau cumpărată de către Partidul Comunist și Vila Zagorje, o proprietate a liderului iugoslav Josip Broz, a fost construită. În 1957 a publicat cartea de călătorie Od Zagreba do Bangkoka (Din Zagreb spre Bangkok).
Nikolić a călătorit în Statele Unite ale Americii, în 1966, pentru a participa la o expoziție de artă a lucrărilor ei. A fost întâmpinată de mulți dintre foștii deținuți care au fost ținuti prizonieri la moșia ei, în timpul celui de al Doilea Război Mondial.
Turnul Dharahara

Turnul Dharahara (nepaleză|धरहरा), de asemenea Turnul Bhimsen, a fost un turn cu nouă etaje, de înălțime 61.88 m, în centrul zonei Sundhara în Kathmandu. În 1832 a fost construit sub Bhimsen Thapa, prim-ministru a Nepalului, pentru Regina Nepalului și a servit inițial ca un turn militar de veghe. Mai târziu a fost folosit ca o platformă turistică, la care se ajungea printr-o scară interioară în colimason. În timpul unui cutremur puternic de 8,3 la 15 ianuarie 1934, cu aproximativ 16.000 de morți în Nepal și India, turnul a fost pentru prima dată distrus și apoi reconstruit după original.
Peretele turnului consta dintr-un zid de cărămidă și a avut la înălțimea primului etaj o grosime de aproximativ 1,5 m și un diametru exterior de aproximativ 5,5 m.
Din cauza celui mai puternic cutremur din Nepal din ultimii 80 ani, cu o magnitude de 7,8 MW s-a prăbușit la 25 aprilie 2015