davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
The India Report

The India Report was prepared by Charles Eames and Ray Eames in 1958.
The Government of India had asked for recommendations on a programme of training in design that would serve as an aid to the small industries; and that would resist the present rapid deterioration in design and quality of consumer goods. Charles Eames, American industrial designer and his wife and colleague Ray Eames, visited India for three months at the invitation of the Government, with the sponsorship of the Ford Foundation, to explore the problems of design and to make recommendations for a training programme. The Eameses toured throughout India, making a careful study of the many centres of design, handicrafts and general manufacture. They talked with many persons, official and non-official, in the field of small and large industry, in design and architecture, and in education. The report emerged as a result of their study and discussions. It stipulated the underlying spirit needed to promote a suitable national design outlook and advocated the setting up of an indigenous design legacy that involved applications of modern disciplines and old traditions to meet the challenges of contemporary India.
Following the report, the Government set up the National Institute of Design in 1961 as an autonomous national institution for research, service and training in Industrial Design and Visual Communication.
The report highlighted the importance of conscious decision-making, conscious selection, and correction concerning evolving needs in a communication-oriented society. It also emphasized India's advantages in facing the rapid changes taking place, including its familiarity with the concept of creative destruction, the opportunity to learn from the mistakes of others, and the well-defined immediate problems of food, shelter, distribution, and population.
The Eames India Report also discussed the design process, using the example of the Lota, a simple vessel of everyday use in India. It highlighted the various factors that would need to be considered in designing a Lota, such as the amount of liquid to be carried, the size and strength of the hands using it, transportation methods, balance, fluid dynamics, sculpture, opening size, texture, heat transfer, and more.
It emphasized the need for conscious decision-making and a focus on evolving needs in a changing society.
These actionable items provide a roadmap for addressing the problems of design and quality in India and establishing an institute that can contribute to the improvement of consumer goods and the overall standard of living in the country.
United States Post Office (Great Neck, New York)

US Post Office-Great Neck is a historic post office building located at Great Neck Plaza in the town of North Hempstead, Nassau County, New York, United States. It was built in 1939 and designed by consulting architect William Dewey Foster (1890-1958) for the Office of the Supervising Architect. It is a one-story, pentagonal shaped skeletal frame building clad with plucked textured buff limestone in the Classical Revival style. It features a semicircular entrance portico supported by four square columns. Above the entrance is a relief sculpture of an eagle with 13 stars sculpted in 1940 by Gaetano Cecere.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. It was designated as a local historical landmark on December 1, 2004.
Media related to United States Post Office (Great Neck, New York) at Wikimedia Commons
Luo Li Rong

Luo Lirong (simplified Chinese: 罗丽蓉; traditional Chinese: 羅麗蓉; pinyin: Luó Lìróng) is a Chinese artist and sculptor. She creates realistic sculptures, primarily in bronze.
Luo was born in 1980 in Hongqi, Hunan province, China.
In 1998, Luo entered the Changsha Academy of Arts in Changsha, Hunan and studied with Xiao Xiaoqiu. From 2000 to 2005 she studied sculpture at the CAFA (Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing, China) with Sun Jiabo. In 2005, she graduated with honors. While at the CAFA, Luo participated in multiple public sculpting projects including a sculpture installed in 2003 in Dalian Park for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing.
In 2005 Luo traveled to France and in 2006, she and her husband moved to Belgium, where they lived until 2017. In 2018, Luo opened the Luo Lirong Foundry in Bologna, Italy.
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Oddy test

The Oddy test is a procedure created at the British Museum by conservation scientist William Andrew Oddy in 1973, in order to test materials for safety in and around art objects. Often, materials for construction and museum contexts (including artefact conservation) are evaluated for safety. However, though materials may be safe for building purposes, they may emit trace amounts of chemicals that can harm art objects over time. Acids, formaldehyde, and other pollutants can damage and even destroy delicate artifacts if placed too close.
This test calls for a sample of the material in question to be placed in an airtight container with three coupons of different metals—silver, lead, and copper—that are not touching each other or the sample of the material. The container is sealed with a small amount of de-ionized water to maintain a high humidity, then heated at 60 degrees Celsius for 28 days. An identical container with three metal coupons acts as a control. If the metal coupons show no signs of corrosion, then the material is deemed suitable to be placed in and around art objects. The Oddy test is not a contact test, but is for testing off-gassing.
Each metal detects a different set of corrosive agents. The silver is for detecting reduced sulfur compounds and carbonyl sulfides. The lead is for detecting organic acids, aldehyde, and acidic gases. The copper is for detecting chloride, oxide, and sulfur compounds.
There are many types of materials testing for other purposes, including chemical testing and physical testing.
The Oddy test has gone through many changes and refinements over time. Whereas Andrew Oddy proposed to place each metal coupon in a separate glass container with the material to be tested, Bamberger et al. proposed a "three-in-one" test, where all three metal coupons shared one container, simplifying the procedure. Robinett and Thickett (2003) refined the "three-in-one" test by stabilizing the metal coupons.
One of the main issues with the Oddy test is that there is some subjectivity to the interpretation of the results, since it is primarily a visual determination. Some proposals have been made to use objective quantification methods for assessment of the results of the Oddy test.
Institutions that use the Oddy test in their research are mainly art museums such as The J. Paul Getty Museum, The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Río San Pedro de Atacama

El río San Pedro de Atacama o simplemente Atacama, como se llamaba antiguamente,​ es un curso de agua que fluye en el Salar de Atacama, en la Región de Antofagasta.
Nace de la confluencia de los ríos Grande —que viene del noreste— y Salado o Chuschul —que cae desde el noroeste—, y que se juntan a unos 12 km aguas arriba del poblado de San Pedro de Atacama, cerca de la localidad de Cuchabrache, aguas arriba.
A partir de Cuchabrache, el San Pedro se dirige directamente al sur por 12 km hasta el pueblo de San Pedro de Atacama. En este lugar se dispersa en una especie de delta para sumirse prácticamente en sus propios sedimentos.
En esta trayectoria riega las comunidades de Cuchabrache, Catarpe, Tambillo, Guachar, Bellavista, Aguilar, Suchor y Quitar.​
El caudal de río San Pedro, al igual que el del río Vilama que corre a la par con el San Pedro, solo unos kilómetros más al este, tienen un régimen pluvial, producto de lluvias estivales y en menor medida de lluvias invernales. En años húmedos los mayores caudales ocurren en verano, entre enero y febrero, y en invierno, entre julio y agosto. En años secos los mayores caudales ocurren entre junio y julio.​
El caudal del río (en un lugar fijo) varía en el tiempo, por lo que existen varias formas de representarlo. Una de ellas son las curvas de variación estacional que, tras largos periodos de mediciones, predicen estadísticamente el caudal mínimo que lleva el río con una probabilidad dada, llamada probabilidad de excedencia. La curva de color rojo ocre (con △ {\displaystyle {\color {Red}\vartriangle }} ) muestra los caudales mensuales con probabilidad de excedencia de un 50%. Esto quiere decir que ese mes se han medido igual cantidad de caudales mayores que caudales menores a esa cantidad. Eso es la mediana (estadística), que se denota Qe, de la serie de caudales de ese mes. La media (estadística) es el promedio matemático de los caudales de ese mes y se denota Q ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {Q}}} .
Una vez calculados para cada mes, ambos valores son calculados para todo el año y pueden ser leídos en la columna vertical al lado derecho del diagrama. El significado de la probabilidad de excedencia del 5% es que, estadísticamente, el caudal es mayor solo una vez cada 20 años, el de 10% una vez cada 10 años, el de 20% una vez cada 5 años, el de 85% quince veces cada 16 años y la de 95% diecisiete veces cada 18 años. Dicho de otra forma, el 5% es el caudal de años extremadamente lluviosos, el 95% es el caudal de años extremadamente secos. De la estación de las crecidas puede deducirse si el caudal depende de las lluvias (mayo-julio) o del derretimiento de las nieves (septiembre-enero).
Francisco Solano Asta-Buruaga y Cienfuegos escribió en 1899 en su obra póstuma Diccionario Geográfico de la República de Chile sobre el río:
Río Salado (San Pedro de Atacama)

El río Salado o río Chuschul es un curso de agua de la Región de Antofagasta que nace en la Aguada Puripica, fluye en dirección general sur hasta desembocar en el río San Pedro de Atacama o río Atacama, como se usaba llamarlo antes.
No debe ser confundido con el río Salado (Loa) ni con el río Salado (Chañaral) y Tampoco con el río Salado (Juncalito).
Se dirige al sur en los bajos de un estrecho cajón sin variar su dirección hasta su junta con el río Grande (San Pedro de Atacama) cerca del poblado de Cuchabrache. A partir de allí se inicia el río San Pedro de Atacama.
De sus varios afluentes que recibe en su trayecto, el más importante es el Río Pélon o Pelún.
Luis Risopatrón escribió en 1924 en su obra Diccionario Jeográfico de Chile sobre el río:
En su cauce superior el río Salado tiene un contenido salino moderado correspondiente a la clasificación de la NCh 1.333 para riego “agua que puede tener efectos adversos en muchos cultivos y necesita de métodos de manejo cuidadoso”, por su CE y SDT, con valores del orden de 2.000 μS/cm y 1.500 ppm respectivamente. Tras el cruce con el camino al Establecimiento San Bartolo, el agua sufre un aumento brusco de salinidad debido a las aguas que recibe de una napa subterránea con alta concentración de sal.​
Volcán Olca

El Olca es un estratovolcán ubicado en la cordillera de los Andes, en la frontera entre Bolivia y Chile. Se emplaza en el medio de un cordón montañoso de 15 km de largo compuesto de varios estratovolcanes. El cerro Minchincha se emplaza al oeste, y el Paruma al este. Pertenece a la zona volcánica central de los Andes (ZVCA) y presenta flujos de lava, de composición andesítica y dacítica, que se extienden por varios kilómetros hacia el norte del volcán. La última actividad conocida del cordón fue una erupción de uno de sus flancos entre 1865 y 1867.
La emisión de gases de este penacho comprende una fuente de agua termal en la base del volcán​ y una fumarola persistente en la cima desde al menos unos 60 años.​ El campo fumarolico considera unos 0.1 km y los estudios realizaos con técnicas in situ muestran un sistema mixto entre gases de alta temperatura con fluidos hidrotermales.
Los gases presentan una concentración baja de H2, monóxido de carbono y gases ácidos, junto a una alta concentración de H2S e hidrocarburos.​ La razón de carbón/azufre y los valores de ciertos isotopos demuestra el carácter mixto del sistema, entre fuentes magmáticas, hidrotermales y atmosféricas.​ Otras formas para medir la cantidad de SO2 incluye técnicas como el difractómetro óptico de absorción espectroscópica en la cual se observa un máximo de 35 ppm.m de SO2.​ Los datos más frecuentes fueron realizados utilizando una cámara UV que sugiere valores promedios de 18.4 t d.​
Existe diversa información relacionada con la actividad del volcán Olca y la migración de esta. Estos estudios incluyen dataciones en dos flujos que sugieren una edad de formación Pleistocena,​ mientras que otros estudios indican que son más antiguos con la tendencia de que la actividad del edificio volcánico ha migrado hacia el Este con el tiempo.() Además de ello existe evidencia de glaciares que se desarrollaron en el Pleistoceno Tardío.​
Se sospecha de una erupciones histórica no confirmada en los años 1865-1867.​ La última actividad sísmica reportada incluye un enjambre de baja intensidad con actividad fumarólica en noviembre de 1989 y una de mayor intensidad fumarólica en marzo de 1990.​ En 2010 se condujo una campaña sísmica con tres potenciales enjambres sísmicos pero con poca claridad para ser interpretados.​
Cerro Elena Capurata

El Cerro Elena Capurata o Cerro Capurata es un estratovolcán en los Andes de Bolivia y Chile. Tiene una altura oficial de 5990 metros,​ aunque dos expediciones diferentes registran altitudes por encima de los 6000 metros utilizando dispositivos GPS normales (6013​ y 6014​).
El Cerro Capurata está cubierto de hielo.​ Es una de las tres cumbres que forman el Nevado Quimsachata.
Al sur del Cerro Capurata se encuentra el Cerro Casparata y al oeste el Guallatiri.​
Comparado con los cerros Acotango y Umurata, las rocas del Cerro Capurata están relativamente bien conservadas. Sin embargo, algunas alteraciones hidrotermales, en parte asociadas con la actividad fumarólica, están presentes.​ El volumen total del volcán es de 19 kilómetros cúbicos.​ Los depósitos de azufre formados por solfataras también se encuentran en Capurata.​
Nebulosa de la Laguna

La nebulosa Laguna (también conocida como objeto Messier 8, Messier 8, M8 o NGC 6523), es una nebulosa de emisión (concretamente se trata de una Región H II) situada en la constelación de Sagitario. Está, aproximadamente, a una distancia de 5000 años luz.​ Fue descubierta por Guillaume Le Gentil en 1747.
La nebulosa —asociada a una nube molecular y que forma parte de la asociación estelar Sagittarius OB1— parece tener una profundidad comparable a la de su anchura e incluye cierto número de glóbulos de Bok —nubes de gas y polvo en proceso de colapso para formar estrellas—, algunos de los cuales han sido catalogados por Edward Emerson Barnard cómo B88, B89, y B296. El descubrimiento de cinco objetos Herbig-Haro en el borde sur de la nebulosa (HH893, HH894, HH895, HH896, y HH897) aporta más evidencia a la formación estelar en curso.​
En la porción más brillante de la nebulosa se halla una estructura conocida cómo El reloj de arena, en la que se produce una intensa actividad de formación de estrellas; allí, en el año 2006, identificaron cuatro objetos Herbig-Haro: HH867, HH868, HH869 y HH870.​ También incluye una estructura de polvo con forma de tornado provocada por la acción de la radiación ionizante de la estrella múltiple de tipo espectral O Herschel 36.
El cúmulo asociado a la Nebulosa Laguna es conocido como NGC 6530, siendo sus estrellas más luminosas 9 Sagittarii y HD 165052; ambas estrellas de tipo espectral O son sistemas estelares binarios y los principales responsables de ionizar y excitar la nebulosa.
Church of San Pedro de Atacama

The Church of San Pedro de Atacama (Iglesia San Pedro de Atacama) is a Catholic church in San Pedro de Atacama, Chile. Constructed during the Spanish colonial period, it is reportedly the second oldest church in Chile. Indigenous adobe material was used in the church's construction, whose appearance is characterized as simple and elegant. The church was built in the seventeenth century, underwent modifications in the eighteenth century, and additions were made in the nineteenth century. The church was declared a historical monument in 1951.
The church is located in San Pedro de Atacama on the west side of the tree-lined Plaza de Armas, and near the town's oldest building, Casa Incaica, which dates to 1540. San Pedro, originally a locale of indigenous atacameños or Kunzas, now a bustling tourist centre, is 314 kilometres (195 mi) from Antofagasta.
The town's original church was built more than 100 years earlier than the current church. The present church was built in the 17th century during the Spanish colonial rule. The patron saint is Peter. It has undergone many renovations; its present walls are dated to 1744. A tower was a 1964 addition, while other construction occurred in 1978. Restoration work on the 765 square metres (8,230 sq ft) structure occurred in 2009 under the auspices of the Department of Architecture, Antofagasta Region.
The church is constructed of adobe material; there are three doors, an arched stone lintel, and beamed ceiling. Both the interior and exterior are painted white, while the altar is of bright coloring. The walls, roof, and the entrance door are built with algarrobo wood and cardón (cactus wood), and bound together by llama leather, in the technique traditional to the altiplano. The roof is made of large rafters of algarrobo wood that are overlaid with slices of cactus logs. Algorrobo trees are seen along with the pepper trees next to the church. The altarpieces inside the church are carved and painted, and the statues here of Saint Mary and Saint Joseph contain a fluorescent lighting feature.
CF San Pedro de Atacama

CF San Pedro de Atacama is an association football team from Chile which represents the territory of San Pedro de Atacama at association football. Their home games are played at the Estadio Municipal de San Pedro de Atacama, which has a capacity of approximately 1,000 people.
The team played two unofficial games against a team from the San Pedro de Atacama in 2010 and 2011. Before playing its first official match in the first round of the Copa Chile 2010; CF Rapa Nui lost in 2 matches against Universidad Católica. In the Copa Chile 2011, the team is eliminated for Municipal Mejillones.
For its game against Universidad Católica and Municipal Mejillones, the team was coached by former Chilean international Hugo Tabilo, who spent several weeks honing the skills of the local players, as well as teaching them the basics of heading, shooting, and positioning.
Nursyirwan Effendi

Prof. Dr. rer.soz. Nursyirwan Effendi (lahia 24 Juni 1964) adolah saurang paka antropologi pambangunan jo ekonomi Indonesia. Inyo marupoan Guru Besar Ilmu Antropologi Universitas Andalas (Unand) sajak 2008. Inyo manjabat sabagai Direktur Sekolah Pascasarjana Unand sajak 2020, Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Politik (FISIP) Unand pariode 2012–2016, jo Ketua Umum Asosiasi Antropologi Indonesia (AAI) pariode 2010–2015.
Sabelumnyo, Nursyirwan Effendi parnah manjadi Ketua Jurusan Antropologi FISIP (2000–2002); Sekretaris Lembaga Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LPM) Unand (2002-2004); jo Kepala Balai Kajian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional (BKSNT) Padang wilayah kerja Sumatera Barat, Bengkulu dan Sumatera Selatan (2004–2007).
Nursyirwan Effendi dilahiakan di Jakarto pado 24 Juni 1964. Inyo adolah anak laki-laki dari Prof. Dr. H. Aminuddin Rasyad, Guru Besar Ilmu Pendidikan Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN, kini UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta nan parnah manjabat dekan fakultas tarbiyah di kampus itu pado pariode 1983–1987. Ibunyo banamo Hj. Hasnah.
Nursyirwan maanyam pandidikan di SD Negeri Situgintung 02 Pagi, Tangerang (1969–1975), SMP Negeri 19 Jakarta (1975–1979) jo Jurusan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) SMA Negeri 47 Jakarta (1979–1982). Inyo maraih gala Doktorandus (Drs.) Sarjana Jurusan Antropologi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, Depok pado taun 1989. Inyo panah maikuti Internship Program bidang Antropologi di School of Oriental and African Studies, London, Inggris pado musim dingin 1992. Kemudian, inyo mandapek gala Doctor Rerum Sozialwissenshaften (Dr. rer.soz) bidang Antropologi Sosial dari Fakultät für Soziologie Universität Bielefeld, Jerman, dengan predikat Magna Cum Laude pada tahun 1999. Inyo berhasil mampatahankan disertasinyo nan bajudul Minangkabau Rural Markets: Their System, Roles and Functions in the Market Community of West Sumatra basamo bimbingan promotor Prof. Dr. Günther Schlee jo Prof. Dr. Hans-Dieter Evers.
Nursyirwan manikahi Dr. Eka Fauzihardani, nan juo saurang akademisi nan maaja di Departemen Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Padang. Dari panikahannyo tu, Nursyirwan mamparoleh ampek urang anak.
Jessyca Stefani Auryn

Genoveva Jessyca Stefani Auryn atau nan biaso disabuik Ryn (lahia di Jakarta, 30 Januari 1993; umua 32 taun), adolah Model Indonesia.
Genoveva Jessyca Stefani Auryn adolah namo langkok dari Ryn. Tinggi badannyo 165 cm jo bareknyo 50 kg. Ryn baragamo Kristen. Hobinyo adolah main game, mambaco komik Manga, jo nge-Gym. Warno favoritnyo adolah putiah jo hitam. Binatang favoritnyo adolah jawi jo anak anjing. Ryn punyo tas favorit babantuak jawi nan diagiah namo Mumu. Makanan favoritnyo adolah fettucini, kentang goreng, steak, yoghurt, jo kalikih (Bukittinggi)/sampelo (Padang)/batih (Payakumbuh)/batiah (Padang Panjang). Sadangan snack favoritnyo adolah Pocky. Tokoh kasukoannyo adolah Gaara dari Manga Naruto. Angka favoritnyo adolah 9 (sambilan) jo 6 (anam). Pado bulan Desember 2010, inyo ikuik seleksi pamilihan anggota Cherry Belle, jo pado tanggal 27 Pebruari 2011 inyo tapiliah basamo 8 anggota nan lainnyo. Ryn mulai dikana urang sajak inyo mambintangi ciek dari iklan produk minuman Pocari Sweat. Di iklan tu Ryn manjadi ciek dari kawan dari Aelke Mariska. Ryn mamiliki katurunan Tionghoa, Japang, jo Indonesia. Namo fans Ryn adolah Rynism.
Ryn adolah anak bungsu dari duo badunsanak. Ryn punyo saurang uda nan banamo Kristoforus Jason Stefan Auryn. Di rumahnyo, Ryn punyo babarapo ikua anak anjing nan banamo Yuki, Shiro, Brandon jo Ju-Mong.
Pado bulan Juli 2015, basamo jo Gigi, Kezia, Steffy, Felly dan Cherly kalua dari Cherrybelle.
Arai pinang

Arai pinang adolah kue khas Minangkabau yang taraso rapuah, badaruak, sarato baaroma minyak karambia. Kue arai pinang tabuek dari tapuang bareh, garam, sarato kapua siriah. Dulu, kue arai pinang dicetak jo cetakan alami dari bungo batang pinang, sahinggo bantuaknyo manjadi bulek pipih, sarato bagarih-garih. Tapi kini arai pinang dicetak jo sendok garapu, sahinggo labiah praktis, indak paralu mancari bungo batang pinang talabiah dahulu. Kue Arai Pinang ko biasonyo disadioan urang katiko baralek, tapi kini lazimnyo urang mambuek kue Arai Pinang ko untuak pakulek di hari rayo gadang. Bahkan kini kue Arai Pinang alah banyak dijua urang di lapau maupun di pasa jo bungkuih yang menarik.
Bahan-bahan yang digunoan untuak mambuek kue arai pinang:
1. Sangrai tapuang bareh sampai kariang, kurang labiah salamo 10 minik
2. Didihan santan, garam, ayia jo ayia kapua siriah. Tuang ka tapuang bareh saketek-saketek sambia di-aduak rato.
3. Bulekan sagadang kaleriang masiang-masiang 5 gram, tu pipihan jo sendok garapu.
4. Goriang dalam minyak angek jo api sadang. Goriang sampai kariang.
5. Untuak sausnyo, abuih gulo merah jo ayia manggalagak, tu sariang. Siap tu abuih liak sampai kental. Tarakhia, banaman arai pinang, aduak, tu sajian.
Kabupaten Pasaman

Kabupaten Pasaman adolah salah satu kabupaten di provinsi Sumatera Barat, Indonesia. Ibu kota kabupaten iko talatak di Lubuk Sikaping. Kabupaten iko mampunyoi laweh wilayah 3.947,63 km² dan bapanduduak sabanyak 253.299 urang manuruik sensus panduduak taun 2010, dan sabanyak 301.444 jiwa pado taun 2021.
Sarupo wilayah Indonesia lainnyo, Sumatera Barat, khususnyo Pasaman panah dikuasoi dek kolonial Balando. Parang malawan panjajahan Balando di Pasaman dipimpin dek Tuanku Imam Bonjol nan tanamo jo Parang Paderi (1821-1830). Dek talampau banyak masalah di kubu Tuanku Imam Bonjol manyababkannyo jo pangikuiknyo mangalami kakalahan malawan Balando.
Sumber pandapatan utamo Kabupaten Pasaman barasa dari sektor tani jo parak. Tigo gadang produksi tani jo parak di Pasaman adolah gatah, kakao, jo kelapa sawit. Sacaro baturuik-turuik, total produksi katigonyo pado taun 2021 mancapai 31.799,64 ton, 11.989,02 ton, jo 10 755,82 ton.
Kato pasaman barasa dari Gunuang Pasaman. Pasaman nan diambiak dari bahaso Minangkabau nan aratinyo pasamoan. Hal iko marujuak kapado masyarakaik heterogen nan tingga di kabupaten iko. Samantaro di dalam bahaso Mandailing mampunyoi kato pasaman nan baarati jo nan ado dalam bahaso Minangkabau.
Wilayah Kabupaten Pasaman sabagian gadangnyo marupokan wilayah utan nan mancapai 80% laweh wilayah kabupaten. Utan linduang adolah kawasan nan paliang laweh nan mancapai 1.967,08 km pado 2021.
Kabupaten Pasaman mampunyoi limo gunuang, antaro lain:
Sungai di kabupaten iko paliang banyak ado di Kecamatan Lubuk Sikaping yaitu sabanyak 25 sungai. Wilayah Pasaman bariklim tropis jo rato-rato curah ujan pado taun 2021 adolah 4,99 mm/bulan, babeda jo taun 2020 nan mancapai 8,03 mm/bulan. Panurunan iko tajadi juo jo rato-rato ari hujan dari 17,17 ari pado taun 2020 manjadi 11,14 ari pado taun 2021.
Barikuik iko adolah komposisi anggota DPRD Kabupaten Pasaman dalam duo periode tarakhia.
Kabupaten Pasaman mapunyoi 12 kecamatan dan 37 nagari. Laweh1 wilayahnya mancapai 3.947,63 km² jo panduduak 315.470 jiwa (2017) dengan sebaran 80 jiwa/km².
Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Pasaman, adolah sabagai barikuik:
Kubah Nabi

Kubah Nabi (Arab: قبة النبي, Qubbatun Nabi, Inggirih: Dome of the Prophet), dikana juo sabagai Kubah Jibril, adolah sabuah kubah nan tagak badiri di sabalah utara al-Haram asy-Syarif (kompleks Masjid Al-Aqsa) di Yerusalem, nan labiah baparan sabagai monumen simbolis daripado bangunan kaagamoan. Bangunan ko marupoan bagian dari langkan Kubah Batu, dan marupoan salah satu dari tigo buah kubah tapisah nan dibangun dek panguaso Utsmaniyah di area al-Haram asy-Syarif.
Awanyo Kubah Nabi dibangun pado taun 1538 dek Muhammad Bey, Gubernur Yerusalem Utsmaniyah. Namun bangunan ko dipaeloki ulang thun 1620 ateh parentah Gubernur Yerusalem panggantinyo, Farruk Bey, dan disalasaian pado maso pamarentahan Sultan Utsmaniyah Suleiman II. Kondisi kubah kini ko sabagian gadang manunjuakan asia renovasi taun 1620 tasabuik. Kubah ko dibangun untuak mangana nabi umaik Islam, Muhammad SAW. Panambahan taakia pado kubah dilakuan salanjuiknyo pado taun 1845.
Babarapo panulih Muslim, tarutamo Imam Suyuthi, bapandapek baso situs kubah ko adolah tampek Nabi Muhammad mamimpin para nabi dan malaikat badoa pado malam Isra dan Mi'raj, sabalun baliau diangkek naiak ka sarugo. Dokumen sumbangan dari periode Utsmaniyah mancatat baso sabagian wakaf Masjid Al-Aqsa dipagunoan untuak mambiayoi panarangan palito di Kubah Nabi satiok malamnyo.
Struktur Kubah Nabi babantuak oktagonal (sagi dalapan) dibangun di ateh dalapan buah tiang kolom marmer bawarno kulabu. Kubahnyo babantuak satangah bola (hemisferik), dan didukuang dek langkungan-langkungan tiang nan ujuangnyo diiasi jo babatuan bawarno sirah, itam, dan putiah. Tadapek mihrab kuno nan tabuek dari potongan marmer putiah nan ditanaman di lantai bangunan dan dikuliliangi dek batu-batu bawarno sirah sato dibateh dek sabuah tembok randah, nan sacaro tradisional tabukak di sabalah utaranyo untuak mamungkinan liwaiknyo para jamaah Muslim nan nak pai ka arah selatan untuak naiak aji di Mekkah.
Ukuaran kubah ko labiah ketek daripado kubah-kubah tapisah lainnyo nan tadapek di sinan, iyolah indak labiah gadang dari pintu masuak bangunan Kubah Batu.
Koordinat: 31°46′41.30″N 35°14′06.31″E﻿ / ﻿31.7781389°N 35.2350861°E﻿ / 31.7781389; 35.2350861
Melati and Isabel Wijsen

Melati Riyanto Wijsen (born 2000) and Isabel Wijsen (born 6 November 2002) are Indonesian climate activists. The two sisters are known for their efforts to reduce plastic consumption in Bali.
The sisters were born in Bali to Dutch and Indonesian parents. In 2013, when Melati was 12 and Isabel was 10 years old, inspired by a lesson about positive world leaders at the Green School Bali, they brainstormed ideas on how to aid Indonesia's problem with plastic pollution, since it is the second worst plastic polluter in the world after China.
When the sisters found out that less than 5% of the plastic bags in Bali were being recycled, They decided to begin their campaign Bye Bye Plastic Bags with the help of other children in the island. In order to gain public attention, the campaign organized cleanups, presentations, and distribution of alternative bags. They organized Bali's biggest beach cleanup in 2018 with 20,000 people who collected 65 tons of waste.
In order to get the government's help, the sisters started a petition in 2015 which would eventually gather 100,000 signatures at the Bali International Airport. It wasn't until they staged a dawn to dusk hunger strike, when they were finally able to successfully arrange a meeting with Bali's then-governor, I Made Mangku Pastika, who promised to make Bali plastic free by 2018.
Bye Bye Plastic Bags is a social initiative and NGO driven by youth to say no to plastic bags. Their message reached stages around the world like TED, CNN, United Nations and the sisters helped build momentum towards the ban on single use plastic bags which finally came into effect in 2018 thanks to the efforts of many like-minded organisations and individuals. The focus of Bye Bye Plastic Bags is in education through the form of workshops, presentations and booklets.
Bye Bye Plastic Bags has expanded to 60 locations around the world with teams led by young people who want to bring the message of saying no to plastic bags globally. They also began another campaign called One Island, One Voice which recognized the restaurants and markets in Bali that committed to being plastic-free.
The sisters believe in encouraging other children to help the world, and as Isabel Wijsen said in 2015:
In 2017, the pair spoke at the United Nations World Ocean Day in New York City.
In 2018, the pair were named two of the 25 Most Influential Teens of 2018 by Time magazine.
In 2020, Melati was an invited speaker at the World Economic Forum in Davos.
In 2021, a documentary film on Melati Wijsen titled Bigger Than Us was released. The film was directed by French director Flore Vasseur and produced by Marion Cotillard.
Melati is the founder of Youthtopia, a youth empowerment platform, which hosts workshops and training to equip young changemakers to encourage them to make a difference.
Le Minerale

Le Minerale is a brand of bottled drinking water from Indonesia produced by PT Tirta Fresindo Jaya, a subsidiary of Mayora Group. The product was first launched in 2015.
Le Minerale competes with several other bottled drinking water brands in the Indonesian market, particularly Aqua, the leading brand in the industry. The company has also expanded its presence to international markets, including the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, and Malaysia.
Yamaha Lagenda

Yamaha Lagenda (known as Jupiter Z in Indonesia & Vietnam. Vega in the Philippines and Spark Re in Thailand) is a series of underbone motorcycle produced by Yamaha for the Southeast Asian market. It was introduced for the 2000 model year replacing the SRX 100. A more performance-oriented version of the Lagenda is marketed as ZR.
The Yamaha Lagenda series consists 5 generation from 2000 until now. 5 models has been introduced to market since then.
SR Lagenda 100cc - (2000–2003) The SR Lagenda is the first model of the Lagenda series. Launched by a Japanese motorcycle racer Norifumi Abe, it was built as the successor of the SRX 100. The new model is equipped with a re-engineered air-cooled four stroke engine to ensure better reliability and performance. It also has a high rigidly frame to ensure precise handling performance and stability. In addition, the Lagenda had a sporty and aerodynamic body with multi-reflector combination of headlight and tail-light. The moped is sold at RM5,451 for the kick-start version and RM5,778 for the electric version. The motorcycle comes in three colours : orange, blue and red.
Lagenda 110cc - (2003–2005) The Lagenda 110cc was simply the SR Lagenda with increased engine displacement. However, a few changes have been to the model, such as a more rigid chassis with slightly longer wheelbase and a more straight inlet tract from the carburetor to the inlet manifold, reducing the "puddling" effect. The moped is sold at RM4,388 for the kick-start version and RM4,688 for the electric version. In motor sports, the Lagenda 110 has gained a very good reputation as a racing machine because the bike had won almost all podium position for every rounds during the Malaysian Cub Prix.
Lagenda Z 110cc - (2005–2010) The Lagenda Z is the facelifted version of the Lagenda 110cc and started production since 2005. The model is facelifted in January 2008, returning the former "Lagenda" logo from the Lagenda 110. The 2008 model is equipped with a key slot cover for better protection against theft. The moped is sold at RM4,686.35 for the kick-start version and RM4,999.25 for the electric version.
Lagenda ZR 110cc - (2005–2010) A modified version of the Lagenda Z for those who prefer more sporty features. Prominent features include sport rims, electric starter, and the rear absorbers have extra oil canisters for a smoother ride on uneven roads. This model is only available in blue and has exactly the same engine specification as the Lagenda Z.
Lagenda 115Z - (2010–2013) The Lagenda 115Z uses a completely redesigned engine with larger 62 mm journal bearings that limits the engine speed, resulting in slightly lower power output.
Lagenda 115ZR - (2010–2013)
Yamaha Lagenda 115Z Fuel Injection - (2013–present) The 2013 Yamaha Lagenda 115Z Fuel Injection uses a completely new 113.7 cc fuel-injected engine that offers 20% improvement over the older engine in terms of power and fuel economy. The Malaysian model uses the same design as the Indonesian 2013 Yamaha Jupiter Z1, while the Thai model uses a completely different design.
Tea caddy

A tea caddy is a box, jar, canister, or other receptacle used to store tea. When first introduced to Europe from Asia, tea was extremely expensive, and kept under lock and key. The containers used were often expensive and decorative, to fit in with the rest of a drawing-room or other reception room. Hot water was carried up from the kitchen, and the tea made by the mistress of the house, or under her supervision.
The word is believed to be derived from catty, the Chinese pound, equal to about a pound and a third avoirdupois. The earliest examples that came to Europe were of Chinese porcelain, and similar in shape to the ginger-jar. They had Chinese-style lids or stoppers, and were most frequently blue and white. Until about 1800, they were called tea canisters.
At first, English manufacturers imitated the Chinese, but quickly devised forms and ornaments of their own, and most ceramic factories in the country competed for the supply of the new fashion. Earlier tea caddies were made of either porcelain or faience. Later, designs had more variety in materials and decorations. Wood, pewter, tortoiseshell, brass, copper and silver were employed, but the material most frequently used was wood, and a number of Georgian box-shaped caddies in mahogany, rosewood, satin-wood and other timbers still survive. These were often mounted in brass and delicately inlaid, with knobs of ivory, ebony or silver. Many examples were made in Holland, principally of the earthenware of Delft. There were also many English factories producing high quality caddies. Soon the Western designs were also being made in Chinese export porcelain and its Japanese equivalent. The caddy spoon, typically in silver, was a wide shovel-like spoon for the tea, often with a scalloped bowl.
As the use of the jar waned and the box became more popular, the provision of different receptacles for green and black tea was abandoned, and the wooden tea chest or caddy, with a lid and a lock, was made with two and often three divisions for the actual caddies, the center portion being reserved for sugar. In the late 18th and early 19th century, caddies made from mahogany and rosewood were popular. The Chippendale company made caddies in the so-called Louis Quinze fashion, with claw-and-ball feet and exquisite finish. The designs of the wooden caddies were rich, the inlay simple and delicate, the form graceful and unobtrusive. Even when shaped like miniature sarcophagi, imitating the massive wine-coolers of the Empire style, with little claw feet and brass rings, they were regarded as pleasant.
The larger varieties were known as tea chests. This term was also applied to cube-shaped wooden crates used for exporting tea overseas; now, it denotes similar boxes chiefly associated with house removals.
As tea grew cheaper, there was less concern with the appearance of caddies, and as a result they fell out of use, as tea was kept in the kitchen.
Kitab kuning

In Indonesian Islamic education, Kitab kuning (lit. 'yellow book') refers to the traditional set of the Islamic texts used by the educational curriculum of the Islamic seminary in Indonesia, especially within the madrasahs and pesantrens. Coverage of kitab kuning extends from the principles of Islamic jurisprudence (usul al-fiqh), Islamic creeds (aqidah), Islamic ethics (akhlaq), science of Islamic mysticism (tasawwuf), sciences of Arabic language, science of Qur'anic recitations (tajwid), hadith studies, tafsir, Qur'anic studies to social sciences. It is also known as kitab gundul (lit: bare book) due to the content in the Arabic language does not employ vowel marks (harakat), unlike the Qur'an. Therefore, mastering of kitab kuning is considered to require a substantial amount of time. Collections of the Islamic texts employed as kitab kuning may vary, depending on the type of institution, individual schools, kyai, and region, with certain prerequisite materials such as Tafsir al-Jalalayn.
Most of the Islamic scholarly manuscripts produced after the Rashidun Caliphate were written in Arabic without employing harakat in general, unlike the Qur'an which was specifically aided by Arabic diacritics for non-Arab Muslims. As for the people who mastered the rules of Arabic grammar, they weren't required to employ harakat in their readings. In Indonesia, the religious texts that read by these people were then specifically designated as kitab gundul in order to distinguish them from the book written with the diacritical aids.
Kitab gundul was soon referred as kitab kuning, which means yellow book, because mostly the books were published on yellow paper. This is because yellow paper were considered more comfortable and easy to read in a dim condition. When lighting was limited in the past, mainly in the villages, the santris (students of pesantren) had to get accustomed to studying at night with minimal lighting, and books made of yellow paper had reduced the stress. Today, although access to lighting has become normal, some books are still produced on yellow paper. There are other etymological reasons, including the reference to the aged books turning into more yellowish and darker color due to the exposure of lignin to air and sunlight, and the reference to the candle light putting out yellow shades. Today, kitab kunings are mostly converted into electronic book files, such as chm and pdf, and distributed through the computer software namely Maktabah Syamila among santris of modern pesantrens.
In Blue

In Blue is the third studio album by Irish pop rock band the Corrs, released in 2000 which saw the band become known in the United States. The title of the album comes from a lyric in the song "Give Me a Reason". As well as the UK number one single "Breathless", the album also contains new versions of "Radio" and "At Your Side", which had appeared on their previous album The Corrs Unplugged. Mutt Lange co-wrote and produced three songs from the album.
Several of the tracks were used in various television programmes and films: "Rebel Heart" as the theme for the TV miniseries of the same name; "One Night" in Mad About Mambo; "At Your Side" in Say It Isn't So and the trailer for the film The Holiday; and "All the Love in the World" in the film America's Sweethearts. At the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards, "Breathless" was nominated for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals, while "Rebel Heart" was nominated for Best Pop Instrumental Performance.
आनंद मोहन

आनंद मोहन शिवहर से पूर्व लोकसभा सांसद है, उनकी पत्नी लवली आनंद भी पूर्व सांसद है। आनंद मोहन एक महान स्वतंत्रता सेनानी रामबहादुर सिंह के परिवार से है। इनके परिवार के कई लोगो ने आजादी के लड़ाई में भाग लिया। उन्होंने आपातकाल के दौरान जे.पी. आन्दोलन में भी बढ़ चढ़ कर हिस्सा लिया। आपातकाल में उन्हें इसकी कीमत चुकानी पड़ी। उन्हे दो वर्ष तक जेल में रहना पड़ा। मैथिली को अष्टम अनुसूचि में शामिल करने के पीछे उनकी कड़ी मेहनत रंग लाई। भगत सिंह और नेल्सन मंडेला आनंद मोहन के आदर्श हैं। कोसी की मिट्टी पर पैदा लिए आनंद मोहन क्रांति के अग्रदूत और संघर्ष के पर्याय हैं। सत्ता के मुखर विरोध के कारण उन्होंने अपनी जवानी का अधिकांश हिस्सा जेल में बिताया है।
आनंद मोहन सिंह अपने प्रारम्भिक जीवन काल में चंद्रशेखर सिंह से बहुत अधिक प्रभावित रहे। स्वतंत्रता सेनानी और प्रखर समाज वादी नेता परमेश्वर कुंवर उनके राजनीतिक गुरु थे। आंनद मोहन सिंह ने 1980 में क्रांतिकारी समाजवादी सेना का गठन किया लेकिन लोकसभा चुनाव हार गये। आनंद मोहन 1990 में बिहार विधानसभा चुनाव में जनता दल से विजयी हुए। आनंद मोहन ने 1993 में बिहार पीपुल्स पार्टी की स्थापना की। उनकी पत्नी लवली आनंद ने 1994 में वैशाली लोकसभा सीट के उपचुनाव में जीती। 1995 में युवा आनंद मोहन में भावी मुख्यमंत्री देख रहा था। 1995 में उनकी बिहार पीपुल्स पार्टी ने नीतीश कुमार की समता पार्टी से बेहतर प्रदर्शन किया था। आनंद मोहन 1996,1998 में दो बार शिवहर से सांसद रहे। आंनद मोहन बिहार पीपुल्स पार्टी के नेता थे अब यह पार्टी अस्तिव में नहीं है। अपने राजनीतिक कैरियर में भूल आनंद मोहन ने स्वयं की,1998 में लालू यादव से समझौता कर के। आनंद मोहन बिहार के गोपालगंज में डीएम जी कृष्णैया की हत्या के मामले में उम्रकैद की सजा काट रहे हैं।.
पूर्व विदेश मंत्री जसवंत सिंह ने आनंद मोहन के कविता संग्रह 'कैद में आजाद कलम' का दिल्ली के कॉन्स्टीट्यूशनल क्लब में लोकार्पण किया। यह कार्यक्रम फ्रेंड्स ऑफ आनंद मोहन की ओर से आयोजित किया गया था। कविता संग्रह राजकमल प्रकाशन में छपकर तैयार है। कविता संग्रह की कविताएं जेल में लिखी गई हैं। 1974 के आंदोलन के समय वे क्रांतिदूत अखवार के संपादक थे। कोसी इलाके का यह चर्चित अखवार था। बिहार का तीसरा जलियावाला बाग कांड के नाम से उनकी एक स्टोरी काफी चर्चित हुई थी। सहरसा जेल में रहकर आनंद मोहन आज गांधी और बौद्ध दर्शन का व्यापक अध्ययन कर चार खंडों में अपनी जेल डायरी को सहेजने में भी लगे हुए हैं। वे अपनी आत्मकथा ‘”बचपन से पचपन” तक’ भी लिख रहे हैं। उनकी कुछ प्रकाशित रचनाएं हैं:
कोसी क्षेत्र के कद्दावर और बिहार की राजनीति में ख़ासा दखल और दमखम रखने वाले पूर्व सांसद आनंद मोहन के समर्थक ना केवल अन्ना के समर्थन में रोड पर उतरे बल्कि मशाल जुलूस निकालकर अन्ना को मंजिल तक पहुंचाने का संकल्प भी लिया। अन्ना की जय हो की नारों से सहरसा का परिद्रिषा बदल सा चूका है। फ्रेंड्स ऑफ आनंद मोहन के बैनर तले सहरसा के गंगजला स्थित आनंद मोहन के आवास से सैंकड़ों की तायदाद में निकला आनंद मोहन के समर्थकों का काफिला शहर के तमाम मुख्य मार्गों से होता हुआ कुंवर सिंह चौक पहुंचा जहां इनलोगों ने कुंवर सिंह की प्रतिमा के सामने केंडल जलाकर अन्ना को मंजिल तक पहुंचाने का संकल्प लिया। आनंद मोहन की पहल पर सहरसा जेल में भी अन्ना के समर्थन में जेल के सारे स्टाफ अनशन पर बैठे थे। इसमें जेलर से लेकर कैदी तक और चपरासी से लेकर सिपाही तक शामिल थे।
1.[1] 2.में लिखी किताब 3.[2] 4. [3] Archived 2016-03-07 at the वेबैक मशीन
आनंद भवन

आनंद भवन, इलाहाबाद में स्थित नेहरू-गाँधी परिवार का पूर्व आवास है जो अब एक संग्रहालय के रूप में है। वस्तुतः यह एक अपेक्षाकृत रूप से नया भवन है, जब मोतीलाल नेहरू ने इस नए भवन का निर्माण करवाया और अपने पुराने आवास को कांग्रेस के कार्यों हेतु स्थानीय मुख्यालय बना दिया, पुराने आनंद भवन का नाम स्वराज भवन कर दिया गया इस नए आवास को आनंद भवन कहा जाने लगा।
नेहरू और इंदिरा गांधी के जीवन की कई महत्वपूर्ण घटनायें यहाँ घटित हुई। स्वतंत्रता आन्दोलन में इस स्थान का ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व रहा है।
पंडित नेहरू ने 1928 में पहली बार यहीं ‘पूर्ण स्वतंत्रता’ की घोषणा करने वाला भाषण लिखा. ‘भारत छोड़ो’ आंदोलन का प्रारूप यहीं पर बना. यही नहीं तमाम ऐतिहासिक फ़ैसले या उनकी रूपरेखा यहाँ पर ही बनी.
1857 के प्रथम विद्रोह में वफ़ादारी के लिए स्थानीय ब्रिटिश प्रशासन ने शेख़ फ़ैय्याज़ अली को 19 बीघा भूमि का पट्टा दिया जिसपर उन्होंने बंगला बनवाया. 1888 को यह ज़मीन और बंगला जस्टिस सैय्यद महमूद ने ख़रीदा और फिर 1894 में यह जायदाद राजा जयकिशन दास ने ख़रीद ली.
मोतीलाल नेहरू ने 7 अगस्त 1899 में 20 हज़ार रुपए में 19 बीघे का बंगला राजा जयकिशन दास से ख़रीदा, जिस पर एक मंज़िल का विशाल भवन था.
14 नवंबर 1889 को मीरगंज स्थित कमान में जवाहर लाल नेहरू का जन्म हुआ. नेहरू जी जब 10 वर्ष के थे, तब आनंद भवन ख़रीदा गया और पूरा परिवार यहाँ आया. शहर के पुराने नक्शे में अब मीरगंज का वह मकान नहीं बचा क्योंकि 1931 में सफायी अभियान के तहत नगर पालिका ने उसे गिरा दिया था. ‘मेरी कहानी’ में नेहरू जी ने लिखा है कि ‘कड़ी मेहनत और लगन से वकालत करने का परिणाम यह हुआ कि मुक़दमें धड़ाधड़ आने लगे और ख़ूब रूपया कमाया.’ मोतीलाल जी ने आनंद भवन में और निर्माण कराया. आनंद भवन 1930 में स्वराज भवन बना दिया गया और नेहरू परिवार नए भवन यानी आनंद भवन में आ गया. अब स्वराज भवन कांग्रेस का घोषित दफ़्तर बन गया. स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन 1942 के आंदोलन में ब्रिटिश सरकार ने स्वराज भवन को ज़ब्त कर लिया और वह देश आज़ाद होने के बाद ही मुक्त हो सका. 1948 में कांग्रेस का मुख्यालय इलाहाबाद से दिल्ली चला आया. आज़ादी के बाद पंडित नेहरू ने स्वराज भवन में अनाथ बच्चों का बाल भवन बना दिया और अन्य सांस्कृतिक कार्यों के लिए न्यास बना दिया.
इंदिरा गाँधी का जन्म भी आनंद भवन में हुआ था विरासत में बचा आनंद भवन इंदिरा गाँधी ने भी प्रधानमंत्री बनने के बाद एक नवंबर, 1970 को जवाहरलाल नेहरू स्मारक निधि को सौंप दिया. 1971 में आनंद भवन को एक स्मारक संग्रहालय के रूप में दर्शकों के लिए खोल दिया गया. फ़िलहाल आनंद भवन और नेहरू परिवार के बारे में तमाम जानकारियाँ कहानी क़िस्सों के रूप में शहर के गली कूचों में पूछताछ करने पर मिलती है. जो पीढ़ी दर पीढ़ी लोग एक दूसरे से सुनते आए हैं, लेकिन क़िस्सों से इतिहास नहीं बनता, जबकि आनंद भवन स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के इतिहास के पन्नों में स्वर्णिम अक्षरों में दर्ज हो चुका है. नेहरू परिवार आज भी इंदिरा गाँधी की कड़ी में गाँधी परिवार के नाम पर चल रहा है. समय का चक्र इतिहास बना रहा है. गाँधी परिवार आज भी उसका एक नायक है, लेकिन इलाहाबाद कहीं नींव का पत्थर भर रह गया है.
आनंद आश्रम

आनंद आश्रम 1977 में बनी फिल्म है, जो हिन्दी और बंगाली दोनों में बनी। यह शक्ति सामंत द्वारा लिखित और निर्देशित है। इस फिल्म की कहानी निर्देशक और उपन्यासकार, सैलाजानंद मुखोपाध्याय की एक कहानी पर आधारित है। इसमें अशोक कुमार, उत्तम कुमार और शर्मिला टैगोर ने मुख्य भूमिकाएँ निभाईं। शक्ति सामंत ने अमानुष (1975) के रूप में इससे पहले इन्हीं कलाकारों को लेकर एक और द्विभाषी संस्करण बनाया था। हालांकि इस फिल्म ने बॉक्स ऑफिस पर अच्छा प्रदर्शन नहीं किया।
डॉ. दीपक (उत्तम कुमार) अपने अमीर पिता, ठाकुर के साथ भारत के एक छोटे से शहर में रहता है। जबकि ठाकुर, दीपक की उनके ही समान किसी अमीर परिवार की महिला से शादी देखना चाहते हैं, उसको आशा (शर्मिला टैगोर) नाम की एक गरीब महिला से प्यार हो जाता है। वह उससे शादी करना चाहता है। ठाकुर नाराज हो जाते हैं और दीपक से उनका घर छोड़ने के लिए कहते हैं कि वह कभी वापस नहीं आये। कुछ महीने बाद, ठाकुर का कर्मचारी, गिरधारी (असित सेन) उन्हें बताता है कि उसे नदी के किनारे एक बच्चा मिला है और वह उसे अपनाना चाहता है। प्रारंभ में, ठाकुर बच्चे से कोई मतलब नहीं रखना चाहता है। लेकिन जब वह पहली बार उसे देखता है, तो वह गिरधारी को उसे अपनाने देता है।
वर्षों बाद, युवा हो चुका वो बालक प्रकाश (राकेश रोशन), गिरधारी और ठाकुर की देखरेख में बड़ा हुआ है और डॉक्टर बनने विदेश चला जाता है। जब वह लौटता है, तो वह एक रासायनिक कंपनी के साथ काम करने का फैसला करता है। उसका किरन (मौसमी चटर्जी) नामक खूबसूरत महिला, उसके पिता और डॉक्टर नामक से मिलना होता है। प्रकाश इस डॉक्टर से हैरान रह जाता है, जो उसे बहुत अच्छी तरह से जानता है। वह चाहता है कि वह केमिकल कंपनी में अपनी नौकरी छोड़ दे, और जहाँ वे रहते हैं, उस छोटे शहर में डॉक्टरी शुरू करें। प्रकाश को यह नहीं पता कि यह डॉक्टर कोई और नहीं बल्कि उसके पिता दीपक हैं। दोनों को ये भी नहीं पता कि ठाकुर क्या कदम उठाएगा जब उसे पता चलेगा कि प्रकाश कोई और नहीं बल्कि उसका पोता है।
सभी गीत इन्दीवर द्वारा लिखित; सारा संगीत श्यामल मित्रा द्वारा रचित।