2023–2024 European Union farmers' protests

The 2024 European farmers' protests are a series of protests by farmers that have been occurring since December 2023. The farmers have protested against low food prices, proposed environmental regulations (such as a carbon tax, pesticide bans, nitrogen emissions curbs and restrictions on water and land usage), and trade in agricultural products with non-European Union member states, such as Ukraine and the Mercosur bloc of South America. The protests take place in a context of the Common Agricultural Policy, a program where the EU provides €57 billion in subsidies to farmers (approximately a quarter of all EU subsidies).
Under the European Green Deal, which aimed at making the European bloc carbon-neutral by 2050, farmers would need to devote 4% of their arable land to non-productive purposes and reduce the use of fertilizer by 20%. In response to the protests, the EU backtracked on policies to consider farming emissions in its 2040 climate roadmap, a law to cut pesticide use and delaying implementation of a target for farmers to leave some land fallow to improve biodiversity. In France and Germany, farmers protested against proposals to scrap tax breaks for agricultural diesel. The farmers also protested against the EU–Mercosur free trade agreement. In the Netherlands, farmers protested against reductions in nitrogen emissions.
The methodology of the farmers is often street blockades and protesting. There are also often occupations, demonstrations, illegal dumping and barricades done by farmers, especially in the Netherlands and France.
The Belgian farmers' protests began on 1 February 2024 and ended on 26 February 2024. Farmers and the farmers' unions protested over their standard of living and lower income than before. Several key protests took place in the European Quarter of Brussels surrounding the European Parliament.
The farmers' protests in France are a combination of protests and road blockages, these protests and blockades have been organized mainly by agricultural unions since 18 January 2024. The farmers protests' began on a small scale in October 2023 in Occitania. On 16 January 2024, farmers in Toulouse began a demonstration, which evolved into a road blockade of the A64 autoroute by Occitan Farmers and even a radical action of winemakers. Road blockades were ongoing and common from 23 January 2024 until Prime Minister Gabriel Attal conceded on 1 February.
Farmers' protests in Germany began on a major scale on 16 December 2023 in response to the phasing out of tax breaks for diesel subsidies by the German Government due to their unconstitutional misuse of COVID-19 relief funds. In Germany, the opposition parties such as the Alternative for Germany and Christian Democratic Union of Germany have supported the protestors.
Farmers' protests in the Netherlands have been ongoing since October 2019, it was mainly started over proposals and legislation to limit human impact on the nitrogen cycle. The farmers' protests in the Netherlands has led to the growth of the Farmer–Citizen Movement, with it having won 16 seats out of 75 seats in the Dutch Senate and 7 seats in the House of Representatives out of 250 seats.
In Poland the farmers' protests began on 9 February 2024 in response to the European Green Deal, along with the importation of Ukrainian grain into Poland and the wider European Union. Polish beekeepers, farmers, truckers and foresters began protesting, with nearly all farmers' unions supporting the protests. Roads and highways have often been blocked by Polish farmers and truckers.
On 3 June 2024, Catalan farmers' platform Spanish Revolta Pagesa organized with several Spanish and French farmer unions to block crossing points along the Spanish-French border from Irun to La Jonquera across the Pyrenees. About 150 tractors blocked crossings on the Spanish side of the border, while about six tractors blocked traffic from the French side, allowing only medical, emergency, and school transport vehicles to pass. About 200 farmers also blocked the Spanish-Andorra border at at La Farga de Moles. The protesters' goal was to prioritize local production, to push tax breaks on energy used to produce food, and to push equal requirements, greater food security, and preference for EU products over non-EU imports. The date of the protest was meant to pressure EU institutions prior to Elections for the EU Parliament.
The European fact-checking sites Newtral and Science Feedback analyzed that the farmers' protest is being weaponized to sabotage climate action.