davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Mkoa wa Pwani (Kenya)

Mkoa wa Pwani ni kati ya mikoa nane ya Kenya ukipakana na Bahari Hindi, Tanzania na mikoa ya Kenya ya Bonde la Ufa , Mashariki na Kaskazini-Mashariki.
Makao makuu ya mkoa yapo Mombasa.
Mkoani kuna wilaya zifuatazo (makao makuu katika mabano):
Mombasa ndipo ilipo bandari kuu ya Kenya. Kuna maeneo muhimu ya utalii kama Malindi na sehemu za pwani kusini (Diani)na kaskazini (Kikambala) ya Mombasa. Eneo la Voi katika mkoa wa Pwani ni maarufu kwa kulima makonge.
Pwani la Kenya ni nchi ya miji ya Waswahili hasa. Miji hii kama vile Lamu, Mombasa, Malindi, na mengine mengi iliyokuwa vituo vya biashara ya kimataifa tangu zaidi ya miaka 1000 iliyopita. Upepo wa monsuni ulibeba jahazi kutoka Uarabuni, Uajemi hata Bara Hindi kwenda pwani la Afrika ya Mashariki. Monsuni ulipogeuka kila baada ya nusu mwaka jahazi ziliweza kurudi kwao na bidhaa za biashara. Hivyo vituo vya biashara na mapumziko vikawa miji ya Waswahili, utamaduni uliounganisha tamaduni za wafanyabiashara Waarabu au Waajemi na Waafrika wenyeji wa pwani.
Miji ya kwanza ya Waswahili ilikuwa Lamu na Pate. Wakati wa kuja kwa Wareno mnamo mwaka 1500 BK Malindi na Mombasa ilikuwa miji muhimu zaidi.
Pwani ina pia magofu ya miji kama Gedi iliyokwisha bila sababu zake kueleweka.
Pwani limekuwa sehemu ya Usultani wa Zanzibar wakati wa karne ya 19 BK. Baada ya kuja kwa ukoloni wa Uingereza mwisho wa karne hiyo ya 19. BK Sultani wa Zanzibar alikodisha pwani kwa Wakoloni. Mwaka 1964 pwani lilikuwa sehemu ya nchi mpya ya Kenya.
Ukunda

Ukunda ni mji wa pwani ya Kenya.. Ni kata ya kaunti ya Kwale, eneo bunge la Msambweni, nchini Kenya.
Mwaka 2009 ulikuwa na wakazi 62,529.
Kulikuwa mahali pa makazi ya Waswahili wa kale katika pwani ya kusini ya Kenya kwenye Bahari ya Hindi.
Tondi

Tondi, mitonzi au mitozi ni samaki wa baharini na maji baridi wa familia Plotosidae katika oda Siluriformes wanaofanana na mikunga lakini kuwa na sharubu kama kambale. Huitwa ngogo pia lakini jina hili tafadhali litumike kwa jenasi Synodontis.
Tondi wana mwili kama mkunga. Mkia wao una ncha kali au butu. Takriban spishi zote zina jozi nne za sharubu. Pezi lenye shahamu halipo. Pezi la mkia limeundwa kwa kujiunga kwa pezimgongo la pili, pezimkia na pezimkundu katika pezi moja bila pengo. Baadhi ya samaki hawa huweza kusababisha vidonda vinavyoumia; kudungwa na tondi milia kunaweza kupelekea kifo. Hujilisha kwa sakafu ya maji na kutumia sharubu pande zote za kinywa chao ili kugundua chakula.
Tondi wanaoishi baharini wanatokea Bahari ya Hindi kutoka pwani ya Afrika ya Mashariki mpaka Australia, Japani na Fiji katika Bahari ya Pasifiki. Takriban nusu ya spishi zote hutokea maji baridi katika Australia na Nyugini.
Samaki

Samaki ni wanyama wenye damu baridi wanaoishi kwenye maji ya mito, mabwawa, maziwa au bahari.
Wote ni vertebrata, yaani huwa na uti wa mgongo.
Wanatumia oksijeni iliyomo ndani ya maji kwa kuyavuta kwenye mashavu yao.
Kuna aina nyingi za samaki wadogo wenye urefu wa sentimita moja na wakubwa wenye urefu hadi mita 15. Ila tu viumbehai wakubwa kwenye maji si samaki bali nyangumi ambao ni mamalia.
Samaki ni chakula bora kwa sababu nyama yake ina protini nyingi inayopokewa kwa urahisi na mwili wa binadamu. Leo hii ni zaidi ya watu bilioni moja wanaotegemea samaki hasa kama chanzo cha protini.
Tangu zamani samaki walivuliwa na watu. Wanaoishi karibu na bahari au mito mikubwa mara nyingi ni wavuvi. Mbali ya samaki ambao hutegwa na watu kwa lengo la kula, kuna uvuvi wa michezo ambayo huenea duniani kote. Kuna njia mbili:
Mbali na kuvua tu, watu wanafuga pia samaki. Ufugaji samaki hutokea hasa katika mabwawa madogo; samaki wanapewa lishe ili wale na baada ya kufikia ukubwa unaotakiwa maji yanaondolewa kwenye bwawa. Lakini miaka ya nyuma ufugaji samaki umeenea hadi baharini. Vizimbi vikubwa vinatengenezwa kwa seng'enge na kuzamishwa katika sehemu ya bahari pasipo hatari ya mawimbi makali, kwa mfano katika hori nyembamba kama fyord za Norwei.
Samaki wanafugwa pia kama mapambo na kwa burudani: watu wanajua wale wenye rangi za pekee na kuwafuga hasa.
Hutusaidia kula hata kuondoa janga la njaa katika sehemu fulani.
Matamvua (samaki)

Matamvua ya samaki (pia: mashavu ya samaki; kwa Kiingereza: gills) ni viungo kwenye mwili wa samaki na wanyama wengine wanaoishi kwenye maji vinavyowawezesha kupumua, yaani kupeleka oksijeni iliyomo mwenye maji kuingia katika damu. Yanatoa pia hewa iliyotumiwa ya dioksidi kabonia kutoka damu na kuiacha kwenye maji. Kwa hiyo matamvua ya viumbehai wa majini hutekeleza kazi inayolingana na mapafu ya wanyama wa nchi kavu.
Matamvua huhitaji kwa kazi hiyo uso mkubwa ambamo mishipa ya damu katika ngozi yake huitishwa na maji yenye oksijeni. Kwa hiyo umbo lake linaweza kufanana na unyoya.
Samaki huwa na matamvua kando ya kichwa. Ndubwi (viluwiluwi) wa amfibia mara nyingi huwa na matamvua yanayotoka nje ya mwili.
Wanyama wadogo sana wa majini hawahitaji matamvua kwa sababu kwao upumuo hutokea moja kwa moja kupitia ngozi ya mwili.
Kifimbo (samaki)

Vifimbo, chache, minyimbi, manyimbi, manyimbwi, mkizi waume au panya ni samaki wa baharini katika jenasi Albula ya familia Albulidae.
Kifimbo wa pwani za Afrika ya Mashariki ni mkubwa kuliko spishi zote nyingine na ana uzito wa kipeo wa kg 10.0 na urefu wa sm 104. Spishi nyingine ni sm 25-50 kwa kipeo. Rangi yao ni ya fedha kwenye mbavu na kijivu hadi kijani-zaituni mgongoni. Kijivu kwenye magamba huunda mistari myanana myembamba mara nyingi ambayo hunyumbuka urefu wa mbavu kutoka kwa matamvua mpaka mkia. Vitako vya mapezi mbavuni pengine ni njano.
Spishi hizi huishi maji ya kitropiki karibu na pwani na huenda kwenye pwa-tope ili kujilisha wakati wa maji maundifu. Samaki wazima na wachanga wanaweza kuwa pamoja katika makundi, na wanaweza kupatikana kwa peke yao au kwa jozi.
Vifimbo hula nyungunyungu-bahari, samaki wachanga, gegereka na moluska. Miamba, magenge na vitalu safi vya nyasi-bahari ina mawindo madogo tele kama vile kaa na uduvi. Wanaweza kufuata shepwa ili kukamata wanyama wadogo wanaowafukuza kutoka kwenye mchanga wa sakafu.
Uvuvi wa vifimbo kwa kutumia chambo cha nzi bandia ni mchezo maarufu katika Bahamas na kusini mwa Florida. Zamani uvuvi huu ulikuwa maarufu kwenye pwani ya Afrika ya Mashariki pia lakini siku hizi vifimbo wamekuwa nadra. Kwa sababu vifimbo huishi katika maji kame ya pwani, uvuvi unaweza kufanywa kwa kutembea kwenye maji au kutoka mashua yasiyoingia maji sana. Uvuvi huu unafanyika kwa ajili ya michezo kwa kawaida, kwa hivyo samaki huachwa, lakini wanaweza kuliwa pia. Mapishi ya mfano ni samaki aliyegawanyika na kukolewa na mchuzi wa pilipili na chumvi halafu kuokwa.
Kababu za samaki

Kababu za samaki ni nyama ya samaki iliyotengenezwa kwa umbo la tufe ambayo huchemshwa au kukaangwa kwa kina. Sawa katika utungaji na keki ya samaki, kababu za samaki mara nyingi hutengenezwa kwa kusaga samaki au surimi, chumvi, na kiunganishi cha upishi kama vile unga wa tapioca, mahindi au wanga ya viazi.
Kababu za samaki ni maarufu Mashariki na Kusini-mashariki mwa Asia, ambapo huliwa kama vitafunio au kuongezwa kwa supu au sahani za hotpot. Kawaida huhusishwa na vyakula vya Kichina na tasnia ya kababu ya samaki inaendeshwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na watu wa asili ya Kichina. : 286 Matoleo ya Ulaya huwa na usindikaji mdogo, wakati mwingine hutumia maziwa au viazi kwa kumfunga. Nchi za Nordic pia zina tofauti zao.
Ufugaji wa samaki

Ufugaji ni kitendo cha kufuga samaki, ndege au wanyama. Humu tutazungumzia kuhusu ufugaji wa samaki. Kwanza samaki wanapaswa kuwa bora na pia wana faida na hasara mbalimbali katika kufuga.
Ukubwa, mwonekano na ladha ni muhimu vikazingatiwa pindi samaki wawapo bwawani hadi kuvuna. Wakati wa kuvuna hakikisha samaki wako hawapati majeraha na pia hawatumii nguvu nyingi ili wasiharibike mapema.
•Hutupatia fedha.
•Hutupatia kitoweo.
•Hutufanya kujuana na watu mbalimbali n.k.
• Ukosefu wa mbegu bora na za kutosha.
• Kukosekana kwa wataalamu wa kutosha katika kutoa huduma za ugani hasa vijijini.
• Kukosekana kwa masoko ya uhakika (hasa kwa upande wa kambale).
Ufugaji wa samaki huusisha kutoa mbegu sehemu moja hadi nyingine hivyo kama hakutakuwa na umakini wa kutosha basi magonjwa yanaweza kuenezwa katika maji ya asili. Kwa maana hiyo, ni muhimu kuchunguza samaki wageni kabla ya kuwaweka bwawani.
Kwa kawaida ufugaji unahitaji kubadilisha maji na pia hata kutoa maji yote bwawani wakati wa kuvuna samaki. Kwa maana hiyo, kama maji yataachiwa moja kwa moja kwenda kwenye mazingira au kwenda kwenye maji ya asili yatasababisha uharibifu.
Mohammad Ali (Kenyan politician)

Hon. Mohamed, Mohamed Ali, popularly known as Moha Jicho Pevu, is a Kenyan politician, media personality and anchor.
He is the current member of parliament for Nyali Constituency in Mombasa County, elected under an UDA ticket in the 2022 elections. He first contested for the seat in 2017 as an Independent candidate and won. He is a former chief investigative editor at Kenya Television Network (KTN). He had an expansive media career, having worked at various stations as a reporter.
Ali was born on August 4, 1979, in Isiolo County.
In 2000–2002, he attended News Link College of Journalism for his diploma in journalism. He furthered his education at Moi University where he acquired a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree in Communication and Public Relations.
His media journey started in 2002 at Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC) as a TV producer. In 2003, he moved to Pwani FM as a producer/radio presenter. From 2007 to 2017, he was the chief investigations editor at KTN where he worked alongside John-Allan Namu on various investigative stories. Their partnership, which had Ali doing the Kiswahili stories and Namu the English versions, led them to national prominence. In 2016, he teamed up with ex-KTN colleagues Namu and Kassim Mohammed to found Africa Uncensored.
From 2017 to date, he is the member of parliament for Nyali Constituency and a member of the Special Funds Accounts Committee in the parliament.
He is also linked with MO Radio, which broadcasts in Kenya's coastal region.
Coastal forests of eastern Africa

The Coastal forests of eastern Africa, also known as the East African Coastal Forests or Zanzibar–Inhambane forests, is a tropical moist forest region along the east coast of Africa. The region was designated a biodiversity hotspot by Conservation International.
The forests extend in a narrow band along the coast of the Indian Ocean, from southern Somalia in the north, through coastal Kenya and Tanzania to the mouth of the Limpopo River in southern Mozambique. The forest belt is 50 to 200 km wide, and extends further west along river valleys. They are bounded on the west by drier grasslands and savannas. Pockets of coastal forest grow on the windward eastern slopes of mountains further inland, including the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and Kenya and some inselbergs in northern Mozambique, where rainfall and dry-season humidity are higher than the adjacent lowlands.
The World Wildlife Fund divides the coastal forests into two ecoregions: the Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic, which extends from southern Somalia through coastal Kenya to southern Tanzania, and includes the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, and the Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic, which extends from southern Tanzania along the Mozambique coast to the mouth of the Limpopo.
Rainfall averages from 800 and 1200 mm per year in most of the coastal belt, with a well-defined dry season. Rainfall is similar to the interior savannas, but humidity in the coastal belt is higher during the dry season. A few places have higher rainfall, including the islands of islands of Unguja (Zanzibar) and Pemba and the eastern slopes of the East Usambara Mountains, and are home to rain forests.
Forest was once the primary climax vegetation across most of the region. Most primary forest has been replaced by secondary wooded grassland, agriculture, and forest plantations. Frank White (1983) identified ten characteristic plant communities:
White (1983) estimated 3000 plant species were native to the region, of which several hundred are endemic. Of 192 native forest trees recorded by White, 90, or nearly half, are endemic.
Extreme Fishing with Robson Green

Extreme Fishing with Robson Green is a factual entertainment show broadcast on Channel 5. The show sees actor and fishing enthusiast Robson Green travel around the world in search of the greatest fishing destinations. There have been five series to date. A spin-off series entitled Robson's Extreme Fishing Challenge began airing on 9 April 2012, and a sequel series (Robson Green: Extreme Fisherman), is set to begin on 4 August 2014 on Quest. Extreme Fishing with Robson Green was re-launched for a one-off special episode on 12 February 2021 based in Leicester.
The spin-off series from Extreme Fishing with Robson Green is Robson's Extreme Fishing Challenge where Green heads around the world taking on local fishing champions from that nation. The series started on 9 April 2012.
With the series moving from channel 5 to Quest, the title was changed to reflect that he is now one of the world's most experienced fishermen, rather than the mere amateur he was before. The series will be based on the same premise as its predecessors, and is produced by the same team. As-yet confirmed locations visited in the upcoming series are Borneo, Mongolia, Japan and the Solomon Islands
The series is distributed on DVD by Acorn Media UK. Series 1, 2 and 3 are available.
Ruvu Jipe River

Ruvu Jipe River, also known as Luffu and Jipe Ruvu and Ruvu Pangani (Mto Ruvu Jipe in Swahili), is located in northern Kilimanjaro Region's Mwanga District of Tanzania. It begins in Kileo ward at Lake Jipe and eventually drains into Nyumba ya Mungu Dam and into Pangani River at Lang'ata ward.
Samia tribe

Samia speaking people live in Western Kenya and Eastern Uganda. They are composed of several clans and their ancient economic activities include fishing in Lake Victoria and other rivers such as River Sio, crop farming (obulimi), and animal farming (obutuki). The Samia speaking people, as widely known by other tribes, predominantly live in Busia districts (Both in Kenya and Uganda) and speak a dialect similar to the Luhya tribe in Kenya. However, on the Ugandan side there is a slight variation in the dialect spoken by the Samia of Southern Busia on the fringe of Lake Victoria and those of North Busia district closer to Tororo District. The former speak Olusamia while the latter speak Olugwe. The two dialects are difficult to differentiate by non Samia speaking people but easily discernible by the natives. and in Uganda mainly found inbusia and Namayingo district.
Samia speaking people love music which is played in their various ceremonies, which include marriage (Obugole/ Obweya), funeral (amasika), veneration of ancestors (ebikuda mukutu and Enga'nyo), and wrestling (amalengo). Their musical instruments include: (a) A large violin-like wooden instrument called Adungu (b) A drum called Engalabe, covered at one end with the skin of a monitor lizard (c) A flute called Erere and (d) An instrument called Sikudi. The major traditional dances are owaro, ekworo, eboodi and esikudi. The eboodi and ekworo are love dances. Owaro and esikudi are performed when people are happy.
In the early days, marriage would be arranged without active involvement of the boy and girl. Traditionally, the boy had to first seduce the girl, the boy would arrive with a spear and place it in front of the girl's mother's hut. If the girl had agreed to marry, she would take the spear and return it to her mother's hut. Following that, bride price talks would begin.
Samia speaking people have a number of clans, each person belongs to the father's clan. You can not marry from your clan or your mother's clan.
Years before modern government, Samia people used to live in villages called Engongo which are separated by valleys and within Engongo they had Engoba. Engoba is many; one is called Olukoba. One needed a ladder-like contraption to access or leave Olukoba but the Olukoba also had specific gates. Up to today, the daily lives of Samia people are dictated by customs and traditions. For instance, a woman who loses her husband should be remarried to a brother of the deceased so that should this widow wish to bear more children, they should resemble their kin. Their diet consists of cassava bread made of sorghum or millet, often mixed with fermented cassava also called obusuma. Sometimes white stiff porridge made out of maize flour added. The food is eaten with vegetables, meat, or chicken. The Samia also largely consume gruel, rice and bananas. Samia speaking people are known to be very clever people due to frequent consumption of fresh fish. In fact non Samia speaking people often refer to them as "obusuma ne'ngeni bicha speed" meaning brown stiff porridge and fish roll down the throat very fast.
Abasonga
Eel catfish

The eel catfish (Channallabes apus) is an airbreathing catfish found in the muddy swamps of the tropics of Central Africa. It grows up to 32.7 cm in total length (12.9 in), and is notable for its ability to propel itself out of the water to catch prey.
The thin, eel-shaped body of C. apus is black or dark brown, with widely spaced spines. A suprabranchial organ, formed by tree-like structures from the second and fourth gill arches, allows the eel catfish to take in oxygen directly from the air for short periods. Its eyes are small and hidden, and it lacks pectoral fins entirely. Like many anguilliform clariids, its jaw muscles are hypertrophic, a modification that has been linked to increased bite force.
The eel catfish hunts both in and out of the water, having a different method for each. In water, C. apus sucks water and food into its mouth. To catch food on land, the eel catfish lifts the front of its body up, and bends its mouth down on the prey. Its specially adapted spine allows it to do so without weight-bearing pectoral fins.
Eeltail catfish

The eeltail catfish are a family (Plotosidae) of catfish whose tails are elongated in an eel-like fashion. These catfishes are native to the Indian Ocean and western Pacific from Japan to Australia and Fiji. The family includes about 41 species in 10 genera. About half of the species are freshwater, occurring in Australia and New Guinea.
These fish have eel-like bodies. Their tails are pointed or bluntly rounded. Most species have four pairs of barbels. The adipose fin is absent. The tail fin is formed by the joining of the second dorsal fin, the caudal fin, and the anal fin, forming a single, continuous fin.
Some of these catfishes can inflict painful wounds; stings from Plotosus lineatus may cause death, however stings from other types of eeltail catfish causes stinging which usually resides up to two weeks from when the person was penetrated by its dorsal spines. They are bottom feeders and use the barbels around their mouths to detect food.
Unlike most marine teleosts, eeltails have an extra-branchial salt-secreting dendritic organ for osmoregulation. The dendritic organ is likely a product of convergent evolution with other vertebrate salt-secreting organs. The role of this organ was discovered by its high NKA and NKCC activity in response to increasing salinity. However, the Plotosidae dendritic organ may be of limited use under extreme salinity conditions, compared to more typical gill-based ionoregulation.
Plotosus lineatus

Plotosus lineatus, commonly known as the striped eel catfish, is a species of eeltail catfishes belonging to the family Plotosidae. Like most other members of the genus Plotosus, they possesses highly venomous spines that they can use to sting when threatened. The venom can cause mild to severe symptoms in humans. P. lineatus is native to the Indo-Pacific but has become introduced to the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal as a Lessepsian migrant.
Plotosus lineatus can reach a maximum length of 32 cm (13 in). The body is brown with cream-colored or white longitudinal bands.
The most striking feature of this species is in the fins, in fact the second dorsal, caudal and anal are fused together as in eels. In the rest of the body is quite similar to a freshwater catfish: the mouth is surrounded by four pairs of barbels, four on the upper jaw and four on the lower jaw. The first dorsal and each of the pectoral fins have a highly venomous spine.
Juveniles of Plotosus lineatus form dense ball-shaped schools of about 100 fish, while adults are solitary or occur in smaller groups of around 20 and are known to hide under ledges during the day. Adult P. lineatus search and stir the sand incessantly for crustaceans, mollusks, worms, and sometimes fish.
P. lineatus is an oviparous fish; this species has demersal eggs and planktonic larvae. It has evolved long ampullary canals in its electrosensory organs (originally termed "ampullae of Lorenzini").
P. lineatus occurs in the Indo-centric Pacific, in the western Pacific Ocean, in Southeast Asia such as Singapore, and is recorded since 2002 in the eastern Mediterranean Sea where it is now common from Levantine waters to the Gulf of Gabes. It sometimes enters freshwaters in East Africa and Madagascar. P. lineatus is found in coral reefs; and is also found in estuaries, tide pools and open coasts.
P. lineatus has venomous spines on their fins that they use to sting for self-defense. Their skin also possess cells that secrete venom. The venom is composed of crinotoxins and plototoxins, which are mainly hemolytic but are also edema-forming, nociceptive, and tetanic. Symptoms of P. lineatus stings range from mild to severe symptoms, they include extreme pain, dizziness, erythema, edema, necrosis, numbness, vomiting, muscle spasms, respiratory distress, shock, and sepsis. Though dangerous to humans, no human deaths have been recorded from the stings. They are known to be lethal to fish, crabs, and rodents in laboratory tests. Most envenomation incidents of P. lineatus involve fishermen who handled the fish caught in their nets.
In Europe, P. lineatus is included since 2019 in the list of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern (the Union list). This implies that this species cannot be imported, bred, transported, commercialized, or intentionally released into the environment in the whole of the European Union.
The fish is known in Israel as "Nasrallah fish" after the Lebanese cleric and political figure Hassan Nasrallah.
Aboean Goeroe-Goeroe

Aboean Goeroe-Goeroe (AGG) adolah pakumpulan guru-guru nan batugas di Sumatra Barat, khususnyo di Fort de Kock (sekarang Bukittinggi). Pakumpulan iko didirikan di Fort de Kock pado taun 1921.
Aboean Goeroe-Goeroe punyo majalah bulanan jo namo nan samo nan tabik dari 1927 hinggo 1931. Majalah iko digunoan sabagai sarana komunikasi jo batuka informasi di antaro anggota-anggota pakumpulan khususnyo jo masyarakat pado umumnyo.
Kapengurusan AGG dipimpin dek M. Thaib St. Pamoentja jo Dt. Bagindo sabagai wakia katua, Kasip sabagai sekretaris, sarato St. Saripado sabagai bendahara. M. Thaib adolah hoofdschoolpoziener atau nan punyo sakola sarato kapalo sakola. Anggota AGG tadiri dari guru nan punyo sakola (schoolopziener), kapalo sakola, jo guru nan ditugasan di Sumatra Barat, terutamo Fort de Kock. Adapun di tataran anggota, ado nama Manan, Dt. Radja Ibadat, St. Pamenan, H. St. Ibrahim, Dj. St. Machoedoem, B. Soetan Maroehoen, dan Z. St. Sinaro.
Anggota Aboean Goeroe-Goeroe dimintak pitih tiok bulan nan diparuntukan untuak "mentjahari keonetoengann jang halal". Iuran nan punyo sakola jo guru adolah 2,5 gulden, sadangkan nan bastatus sabagai guru bantu adolah 1 gulden.
Pado taun patamo didirikan, AGG punyo 167 anggota jo jumlah pitih simpanan 3.728,50 gulden. Pado taun 1928, anggotanyo batambah banyak sampai ka Jambi, Palembang, jo Borneo (Kalimantan) nan banyaknyo sampai 422 urang, jo jumlah pitih simpanan 25.112 gulden.
Selamo tujuah taun patamo, AGG indak punyoa kantua. Pado taun 1928, AGG bisa manyewa sabuah rumah di Fort de Kock untuak kantuanyo.
Majalah Aboean Goeroe-Goeroe tabik patamo kali 1927 dek penerbitan "Agam" di Fort de Kock. Majalah iko marupoan "orgaan oentoek pemadjoekan onderwijs, bahaso, jo bangsa". Penerbitannyo sampai pado taun 1931. Kini ko, sabagian eksemplar Aboean Goeroe-Goeroe asli tasimpan di Universitas Leiden, Belanda.
Aboean Goeroe-Goeroe (majalah)

Majalah Aboean Goeroe-Goeroe tabik patamo kali 1927 dek penerbitan "Agam" di Fort de Kock untuak perkumpulan Aboean Goeroe-Goeroe. Majalah iko marupoan "orgaan oentoek pemadjoekan onderwijs, bahaso, jo bangsa". Penerbitannyo sampai pado taun 1931.
Kini ko, sabagian eksemplar Aboean Goeroe-Goeroe asli tasimpan di Universitas Leiden, Belanda.
Jambatan Limpapeh

Jambatan Limpapeh adolah sabuah jambatan di ateh jalan Ahmad Yani, Bukittinggi nan manghubuangan Taman Margasatwa dan Budaya Kinantan Bukittinggi jo benteng Fort de Kock. Panjang bantang Jambatan Limpapeh ko 90 meter jo leba 3,8 meter.
Jambatan ko punyo ciri khasnyo surang iyolah mamiliki atok gonjong di tangah-tangahnyo.
Jambatan Limpapeh acok jadi tampek bakodak anak-anak mudo nan pai ka Taman Margasatwa Budaya Kinantan dek karano view kota Bukiktinggi di balakangnyo.
Benteng Huta Nauli

Benteng Huta Nauli atau Benteng Rorak talatak di Kabupaten Pasaman. Lokasinyo masuak di wilayah kampuang Huta Nauli, Kanagarian Tarung-Tarung, Kecamatan Rao. Benteng Huta Nauli dibangun di puncak bukik. Bantuak bangunannyo adolah sagi ampek. Bagian Timur jo Barat malangkuang manyarupoi seleka. Benteng Huta Nauli babatehan jo jurang nan ado di subalah utara. Bahan bangunan benteng iko tabuek dari tanah. Ukuran benteng adolah 50 meter x 50 meter. Dindiang pangalang satinggi 1 meter. Taba dari benteng iko babeda-beda, ado nan paliang taba hinggo 6 meter. Sakaliliang benteng tadapek banyak banda sadalam 2 meter jo panjang banda antaro 0,5-1 meter. Benteng Huta Nauli dibangun dek pasukan Balando nan balansuang salamo Parang Paderi.
Tantara Merah

Tantara Merah adolah panyabuikan untuak Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya – idːTentara Merah Buruh dan Petani), angkatan basanjato nan patamo didirian dek kaum Bolshevik salamo Perang Saudara Rusia pado 1918. Organisasi kini manjadi tentara Uni Soviet sasudah didirikannyo USSR pado 1922, dan kudian manjadi angkatan basanjato paliang gadang di dunia dari taun 1940-an sampai awal 1990-an.
Skandinavia

Skandinavia marujuak ka duo nagara (Norwegia jo Swedia), nan talatak di Tanjuang Skandinavia, ditambah Denmark.
Tanjuang Skandinavia punyo populasi nan randah sarato tatutui jo hutan pinus, birch jo, cemara. Di bagian barat jo utara ado pagunuangan. Pagunuangan Skandinavia adolah salah satu pagunuangan tatuo di dunia. Gunuang nan tatinggi adolah Galdhøpiggen di Norwegia.
Denmark adolah nagara Skandinavia nan paliang ketek, populasinyo labiah padek, dan banyak nan dari lahannyo digunokan untuak patanian. Kopenhagen, ibukota dari Denmark, adolah kota tagadang di Skandinavia.
Skandinavia adolah bagian dari Nagara Nordik nan mancakuik juo Islandia jo Finlandia. Kalima nagara ko mangkoordinasi aktivitas politik jo kabudayoan di Dewan Nordik. Denmark, Finlandia, jo Swedia adolah anggota Uni Eropa. Sadangkan Norwegia jo Islandia adolah anggota Asosiasi Perdagangan Bebas Eropa (EFTA)
Bahaso-bahaso di Skandinavia amaik bakaitan sarato kabanyakan urang Skandinavia dapek mangarati satu samo lain. Bahaso Skandinavia tamasuak dalam bahaso Jermanik, sarumpun jo bahaso Jerman dan Inggris.
Satiok nagara punyo mato uangnyo masiang masiang, walaupun banamo samo, krona atau krone. Ciek krona tabagi lai manjadi 100 øre atau öre. Nilai dari ciek krona kiro-kiro sakitar 10-15 seneuro.
Sapanjang sijarah, nagara-nagara Skandinavia alah malalui parang jo pabatasannyo alah baubah labiah dari sakali, namun kini Skandinavia adolah nagara nan cukuik damai.
Panambahan nagara utama Skandinavia:
nagara utamo Nordik sabagai barikuik:
Masin kapa tabang

Masin kapa tabang adolah komponen dari sistem propulsi untuak pasawaik tabang nan manghasilkan tanago mekanik.
Masin pasawaik tabang hampir salalu barupo masin piston ringan atau turbin gas.
Untuak bagarak ka muko (baiak di darek maupun di udaro), pasawaik parolu dayo dorong nan di hasilkan dek tanago panggarak atau nan biaso di sabuik jo masin (engine). Dayo dorong nan nantinyo di hasilkan dek engine iko biaso disabuik jo thrust.
Tadapek babarapo jinih masin dari kapa tabang, diantaronyo:
Pado panabangan umum, pambuek masin turboprop didominan dek Pratt & Whitney. General Electric mangumumkan pado taun 2015 inyo akan masuak ka pasa.
Conakry

Conakry adolah ibu kota jo kota tagadang nagara Guinea. Barupo kota palabuahan, baguno sabagai pusek ekonomi, kauangan, jo budaya nagara. Pado hasia sensus tahun 2014, panduduaknyo bajumlah 1.660.973 jiwa.
Conakry awalnyo hanyo Pulau Tombo ketek jo kamudian bakambang ka Samananjuang Kaloum nan badakekan, bantangan tanah sapanjang 36 kilometer jo leba 0,2 hinggo 6 kilometer. Kota tu pado dasarnyo didirian sasudah Inggirih manyarahan pulau tu pado Parancih pado tahun 1887. Kamudian kota tu manjadi ibu kota Guinea Parancih pado tahun 1904 jo bakambang sabagai palabuahan ekspor, tautamo sasudah jalur kareta api dibuek. Kota tu manjadi ibu kota Guinea sajak nagara tu mardeka pado tahun 1958. Karano lawehnyo nan ketek jo taisolasi dari daratan alah manyababan baban infrastruktur bagi pamarentah.
Stanley Kubrick

Stanley Kubrick (lahia di Manhattan, New York City, New York, Amerika Serikat, 26 Juli 1928 – maningga di Harpenden, Hertfordshire, Inggirih, Baritania Rayo, 7 Maret 1999 pado umua 70 taun) adolah sutradara asa Amerika Sarikat. Inyo dikana sabagai salah saurang sutradara paliang bapangaruah dek sebab manghasilkan film-film nan dianggap klasik.
Pamasaran hijau

Pemasaran Hijau dikenal jo istilah green marketing (pemasaran hijau) sabagai salah satu usaho strategis dalam mambuek sabuah usaho nan babasis lingkuangan jo kasehatan di akhia tahun 1980-an jo awal tahun 1990-an. Tadapek banyak istilah dari green marketing, antaro lain environmental marketing, ecological marketing, sustainable marketing, greener marketing jo societal marketing (Prakash, 2002). Green marketing kambang sajalan jo adonyo parhatian masyarakaik jo isu-isu lingkuangan, sahinggo masyarakaik manuntuik adonyo tangguang jawab dari pelaku bisnis dalam malakuan aktivitas bisnis.
Tujuan dari green marketing indak hanyo mancaliak profit sabagai satu-satunyo tujuan parusahaan, tapi adonyo tambahan kapadulian tahadap lingkuangan hiduik. John Grant (2007) dalam bukunyo The Green marketing Manifesto mambagi tujuan green marketing ka dalam 3 tahap, yaitu:
Konsep green marketing marupakan suatu alternatif nan dapek digunokan pemasar dalam melaksanakan aktivitas pemasaran dengan mamanfaaikkan sumber daya nan tabateh sacaro efisien jo efektif. Malalui konsep green marketing akan diperoleh manfaatik sabagai barikuik:
Komponen-komponen nan tadapek dalam Green marketing adolah sabagai barikuik (Wu and Chen, 2014):
Reydonnyzar Moenek

Dr. Reydonnyzar Moenek, M.Devt.M. (lahia di Padang, Sumatera Barat, 14 November 1960; umua 64 taun) adolah saurang birokrat Indonesia. Inyo manjabaik sabagai Wakia Rektor Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri (IPDN) sajak 6 Maret 2017.. Sabelunnyo, inyo manjabat sabagai Direktur Jenderal Bina Kauangan Daerah Kamandagri RI. Inyo ditunjuak dek Presiden RI Joko Widodo jo dilantik dek Mandagri Tjahjo Kumolo sabagai Panjabat Gubernur Sumatera Barat pado tanggal 15 Agustus 2015 hinggo 12 Pebruari 2016. Inyo manjabat samantaro manggantian Irwan Prayitno nan habih maso jabatannyo pado 15 Agustus 2015. Reydonnyzar akan maisi jabatan kosong itu hinggo dilantiknyo Gubernur Sumatera Barat nan baru hasia Pemilukada pado Desember 2015.
Reydonnyzar manjabat sabagai Direktur Jenderal Kauangan Daerah (Dirjen Kauda) Kamantarian Dalam Nagari. Sabelunnyo inyo pernah dipicayo sabagai Kapalo Pusek Panarangan (Kapuspan) Kamantarian Dalam Nagari Indonesia (Kemandagri).
Diawal kariernyo sabagai birokrat, inyo pernah jadi staf di Pamarentahan Provinsi (Pemprov) Jawa Tengah dari taun 1989 sampai 1993. Karano kaahliannyo manulih, inyo dipicayo manjadi panulih jo panyusun naskah pidato Gubernur Jawa Tangah, Muhammad Ismail. Indak hanyo itu, bahkan inyo disarahi tugeh juo sabagai pamimpin redaksi majalah Beringin, sabuah media milik Golkar katiko itu. Opininyo dalam bantuak artikel acok juo dimuek di sajumlah media, diantaronyo Suara Merdeka, Kedaulatan Rakyat jo lain-lain.
Reydonnyzar Moenek nan akrab disapo Donny iko manamatan pandidikannyo di Sakolah Tinggi Pamarentahan Dalam Nagari (STPDN) Semarang sabalun malanjuikannyo ka Fisipol Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta. Taun 1988 inyo pun bahasia manyalasaikan kuliahnyo di UGM jo salanjuiknyo inyo manamatan studinyo di Asian Institute of Management di Pilipina untuak paskasarjana pado taun 1994. Kamudian, inyo manamatan program doktoral di Universitas Padjadjaran pado taun 2014.
Salasai kuliah di lua nagari inyo sempat juo manulih tigo seri buku manganai analisa investasi. Buku nan ditabikan dalam duo bahaso itu akhianyo dibali hak ciptanyo dek suatu limbago internasional, sahinggo Reydonnyzar kailangan hak ciptanyo sabagai panulih, tatapi sadoalah itu dikompensasi jo sajumlah pitih nan jumlahnyo dapek untuak mambeli sabuah rumah.
Alga

Alga adolah sakumpulan organisme autotrof maupun heterotrof (mixotrof) nan indak punyo organ dangan pambedo fungsi nan nyato. Sabagian bosegh barupo fototrof, iyolah mandapek makanan dangan bantuan foton (cahayo), tapi ado pulo nan mandapek nutrisi malalui kombinasi fototrof dangan osmotrof (mandapek nutrisi dangan osmosis), myzotrof (mandapek nutrisi dangan manghisok sel lain), phagotrof (mandapek nutrisi dangan mamangsa partikel). Panggolongan alga sacaro tasandiri babedo dari tumbuahan basobok indak punyo "organ" ajak nan dipunyo tumbuahan (akar, rangko, daun, dan sabagainyo). Bilo alga pernah digolongkan pulo sabagai tumbuahan batalus. Alga marupokan jinih tanaman non-vaskuler nan malakukan fotosintesis. Alga punyo klorofil saroto punyo sistem reproduksi nan sederhana. Alga dapek dikalompokan manjadi 2 bagian, iyolah alga makro dan alga mikro.
Istilah ganggang pernah dipakai dek alga, namun kini indak dianjurkan basobok dapek manyobabkan kakacauan arti dangan sajumlah tumbuahan nan hiduik di aia lainnyo, ajak Hydrilla.
Pado taksonomi nan banyak didukuang dek pakar biologi, alga indak lai dimasuakkan pado satu kalompok divisi atau kelas tasandiri, namun dipisah-pisahkan sasuai dangan fakta-fakta nan bamunculan kini ko. Dek biktu alga indaklah ciek dari kalompok takson tasandiri.
Batusangkar (kota)

Batusangkar (ijoan Minang: Batusangka atau disingkek manjadi Sangka) adolah sabuah ibukota kabupaten jo pusek pamarentahan Kabupaten Tanah Datar nan batampek di wilayah tigo kecamatan, iyolah Kecamatan Lima Kaum, Kecamatan Tanjung Emas, dan Kecamatan Sungai Tarab. dek apo namo kotanyo "Batusangkar" alun dapek diketahui dengan pasti,banyak yang manyabuik batusangkar berasal dari kato "batu" dan "sangkar", namun tidak ditemukan dengan past di mano batu yang berada dalam sangkar ataupun batu berbentuk sangkar. yang jaleh daerah iko sabalumnyo dikenal sebagai Fort Van der Capellen selamo masa kolonial Belanda, yaitu sebuah benteng pertahanan Belanda yang didirikan sewaktu Perang Padri.
Kaharudin Datuak Rangkayo Basa

Kaharudin Datuak Rangkayo Basa (lahia di Maninjau, Agam, Sumatera Barat, 17 Januari 1906 – maningga di Padang, Sumatera Barat, 1 April 1981 pado umua 75 taun) adolah surang parwira polisi Republik Indonesia jo pangkek tarakhia Komisaris Basa Polisi katiko manjabat Kapalo Kapolisian Sumatera Tangah lalu kudian manjadi Gubernur Sumatera Barat nan partamo (1958-1965), sasudah propinsi Sumatera Tangah kudian dimekaran badasaran Undang-undang Darurat Republik Indonesia nomor 19 taun 1957.
Kaharudin Datuak Rangkayo Basa adolah tamatan Opleidings School Voor Inlandsche Ambtenaren (OSVIA) (Sakola Pangreh-praja) di Fort de Kock (Bukittinggi) sadangkan bininyo Mariah nan dinikahinyo pado taun 1926 adolah tamatan Hollandsch Inlandsche School (HIS) (SD 7 taun) di Sigli Aceh.
Dalam pajalanan kariernyo baliau pernah manduduki jabatan mulai dari Asisten Damang, Asisten Wedana Polisi, Kapalo Polisi Padang Lua Kota, Kapalo Polisi Karasidenan Riau, Kapalo Polisi Kota Padang, Kapalo Polisi Provinsi Sumatera Tangah sarato Gubernur Kapalo Daerah Tingkek I Sumatera Barat.
Katiko manjadi Gubernur di Sumatera Barat, baliau maalami takanan barek karano munculnyo Pamarentahan Revolusioner Republik Indonesia (PRRI), di satu sisi sabagai wakil jo papanjangan tangan pamarentah pusek di daerah sadangkan disisi lain sabagai pamimpin pado wilayah nan masyarakaiknyo sadang bagajolak karano kaindak-puehan kapado pamarentah pusek.
Hotel Centrum Bukittinggi

Hotel Centrum Bukittinggi atau kini disabuik juo jo eks Hotel Centrum adolah sabuah bagunan cagar budaya nan indak begerak nan ado di Kota Bukittinggi. Bangunan iko tacataik sabagai bangunan cagar budaya malalui Permen Budpar No. PM.05/PW.007/MKP/2010 tahun 2010 dan kamudian di dukuang pulo dek Peraturan Walikota Bukittinggi Nomor 2 Tahun 2012. Banguan eks hotel iko mampunyoi lahan nan cukuik luweh nan barado di pusek kota, Eks Hotel Centrum ini punyo luweh Bangunan saliweh 1.925 m² Lahan saluweh 4.307 m².
Eks bangunan hotel centerum iko barado di Jalan Sudirman no 75, Kelurahan Bukik Cangang Kayu Ramang, Kecamatan Guguak Pankjang, Kota Bukittinggi. Lokasinyo sangaik strategis karano barado di pusek kota, ditambah pado maso dahulu bangunan hotel ko bajarak sangaik dakek jo stasiun kereta api bukittinggi nan kini indak aktif lai.
Bangunan iko asanyo adolah sabuah Hotel Centrum dengan riwayat pambangunannyo indak dikatahui sacaro pasti. Dalam catatan sijarah, hotel iko dihubuangkan jo paristiwa insiden tigo urang anggota NICA nan mangatasnamoan dirinyo sabagai tentara sekutu mancubo manaiakan bendera Balando di Stasiun KA Bukittinggi. Namun dapek dihadang dek pejuang Buktinggi pado maso itu nan salanjuiknyo tentara balando tadi di bawo ka hotel centrum untuak diadili. Pado maso sasudah kamerdekaan, hotel iko barubah namo jadi hotel merdeka.
Eks BNI 46 Bukittinggi

Eks BNI 46 Bukittinggi adolah sabuah bangunan cagar budaya nan barado di Kota Bukittinggi. Bangunan iko masuak ka dalam daftar cagar budaya nan di data dek Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Sumatra Barat. Cagar budaya ko ditetapkan malalui SK Permen Budpar No. PM.05/PW.007/MKP/2010 pado tahun 2010 dan kamudian malalui Sk Wali Kota Bukittinggi nan masuak ka dalam Peraturan Walikota Bukittinggi Nomor 2 Tahun 2012. Bangunan ko manjadi kantua BNI sabalumnya nan kini alah manjadi rumah tingga.
Bangunan cagar budaya eks BNI 46 ko barado di Jalan A. Yani No. 128, Desa/Kelurahan/Nagari Benteng Pasar Atas, Kecamatan Guguk Panjang. Lokasinyp cukuik strategis barado di pusek Kota Bukittinggi dan indak jauh lataknya dari Jam Gadang samo jo cagar budaya lainnya sarupo Benteng Fort de Kock.
Bangunan cagar budaya eks BNI 46 ko tantunyo masih dikelola atau masih masuak ka dalam aset Bank BNI. Namun Baitu riwayaik pambangunan dari bangunan iko indak dikatahui sacaro pasti. Nan jaleh bangunan iko bagaya atau baarsitektur mode rumah kolonial nan tampak dari dindiang nyo nan gadang sarato jo pintu nyo nan leba. Bangunan iko babantuak bujuasangka nan tadiri dari duo kamar di sisi utara, tadapek pulo ruang tamu, ruang keluarga, dapua, sarato jo 2 kamar mandi. Bangunan iko perbah manjad katua pusek BNI Bukittinggi namun kini alah manjadi rumah tingga sarata ditatapkan sabagai bangunan cagar budaya.
Fort de Kock

Fort de Kock was a 19th-century Dutch sconce fortification established over a hill in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Around the fortification, a new settlement grew, which eventually grew into the city of Bukittinggi, the second largest city in West Sumatra. Although the remnants of the mound and some cannons can still be seen, the original buildings on top of the sconce have been demolished.
Fort de Kock was established by Captain Bouer in 1825 during the governorship of Baron Hendrik Merkus de Kock when he was the commander of Dutch forces ("Commandant der Troepen") and vice governor of the Dutch Indies. It was simply called the Sterrenschans (star-shaped sconce) because of its shape, but later was named Fort de Kock after de Kock himself. The main purpose of the fortification was to provide a defensive point to protect the five adat villages surrounding the hill against possible rising from the padris, especially since the start of a decade long Padri War.
The Dutch were given permission to build the fort on Bukit Jirek ("Jirek Hill") by the adats. The adats includes all indigenous, pre-Islamic religious practices and social traditions in local custom. The Padri movement, who had formed during the early 19th century, sought to suppress the adats because the adats are viewed as unislamic. After years of conflict, the Dutch and the adats won the war.
Following the construction of Fort de Kock on Bukit Jirek, the Dutch built another set of forts to increase control of the region. Bukit Sarang Gagak, Bukit Tambun Tulang, Bukit Cubadak Bungkuak, and Bukit Malambung were taken over by the Dutch. The increasing defensive points allow the Dutch to develop a new colonial government with government offices, a cemetery complex, a market, schools, and recreation area. Eventually this grew into a new city, named the same as the original fort, Fort de Kock. After the independence of Indonesia, the city was renamed Bukittinggi.
On the centre of the mound where Fort de Kock used to be is a 20-metre height, white-green painted maintenance building of a radio antenna. A deck on top of the building provide vantage point of the city of Bukittinggi. There is little remaining of the original building on the fort but parts of the moats and 19th-century cannons which are now installed on top of the building.
The 2002 refurbishment of the Jirk Hill by the regional government of West Sumatra has transformed the area into a leisure park known as Bukittinggi City Park and Tropical Bird Park. On a different hill near Bukit Jirek is the Bukittinggi Zoo (Taman Bundo Kanduang) and Museum Rumah Adat Baanjuang; both can be accessed from Fort de Kock via the Limpapeh suspension bridge.
0°18′1″S 100°22′4″E﻿ / ﻿0.30028°S 100.36778°E﻿ / -0.30028; 100.36778
Fort van der Capellen

Fort van der Capellen is a small 19th-century Dutch fort in Batusangkar, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The town of Batusangkar grew considerably around the Fort van der Capellen. The fort was named after the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies Godert van der Capellen.
The fort is one of the forts established by the Dutch during the period of war between the so-called Padris and the so-called Adats. The Padris were Minangkabau Muslim clerics who studied in Saudi Arabia, inspired by Wahabism, and decided to impose this sharia among the indigenous people of Minangkabau. The adats on the other hand consisted of Minangkabau nobility and chiefs who were loyal to the highly syncretic interpretation of Islam which had intermingled with the traditional adat or customary law; such as the practice of maternalism, which is against the principle of Wahabism. The adats asked for help from the Dutch who intervened in 1821 and helped the nobility to defeat the Padris.
It began with Dutch Colonel Raff entering the territory of Tanah Datar. In the city of Batusangkar, the Dutch decided to establish a fort on the highest ground around 500 meters from the city center. The construction of the fort was finished in 1824. The fort was christened Van der Capellen after the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies at that time Baron van der Capellen. It is a small fort with a 75-centimeter-thick (30 in) and 4-meter-high (13 ft) wall.
During the Japanese occupation, the fort was under the control of the Indonesian military corps the Badan Keamanan Rakjat ("People's Security Corps") from 1943 to 1945. After the declaration of Indonesian independence, the Tentara Keamanan Rakyat ("People's Security Army") was set up in the fort from 1945 to 1947. These military bodies were the predecessors of the Indonesian National Army. The Dutch briefly captured the fort from 1948 to 1950 during the controversial Operation Kraai.
In the fully-fledged independent Indonesia, the fort was used by the university body PTPG Batusangkar — the predecessor of the State University of Padang — for educational purposes, the inauguration was enacted by Mohammad Yamin.
In 1955, when PTPG Batusangkar was transferred to Bukit Gombak, the fort was converted into a military headquarters of the Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia. During the rebellion from the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia toward the central government in 1957, Fort van der Capellen was captured by Battalion 439 Diponegoro, which was later transferred to the Indonesian National Police on May 25, 1960. The fort was made the headquarters of the Police Resort Command until year 2001 when the headquarters was transferred to a new building in Pagaruyung.
The original clay tile roof has been replaced with corrugated steel in 1974. Additional rooms were added in 1984 for a kindergarten. The dry moat has been refilled in 1986. The last changes in the building occurred in 1988 with the additional storage buildings and a dining area.
In 2008 parts of the fort were restored by the Archaeological Heritage Preservation body.
0°27′16″S 100°35′46″E﻿ / ﻿0.454571°S 100.596093°E﻿ / -0.454571; 100.596093
Fort Victoria (Ambon)

Fort Victoria (Indonesian: Benteng Victoria; From Dutch: Fort Nieuw Victoria and also known in its original Portuguese name, Portuguese: Forte de Nossa Senhora da Anunciada de Amboíno) is one of former Portuguese forts located in Sirimau District, the center of Ambon City and became the oldest fort in the city. It was built by the Portuguese in 1575, but was later taken over by the Dutch. The fort is one of the tourist attractions on Ambon Island and currently serves as the headquarter of the Pattimura Military Command.
The status of the fort had been listed as one of Indonesia's national cultural heritage sites since 2017 by the Ambon provincial government.
During colonial rule, the fort of Kota Laha was taken over by the Dutch from the Portuguese and changed its name to Fort Victoria. Previously, the Portuguese built and named the fort Nossa Senhora de Anunciada in 1575 and was finished in 1580 by a Portuguese governor Gaspar de Mello, the fort was captured by the Dutch in 1605 and later renamed it as Victoria, which means victory. The fort was severely damaged by a major earthquake that shook Ambon around 1754. After being renovated the fort was renamed Nieuw Victoria which means new victory. The Dutch used the place as the center of government, defense, and the army's formation. In this fort, Kapitan Pattimura was hanged by the Dutch on December 6, 1817. The fort also once saw the Invasion of Ambon by the Indonesian army against the separatist South Moluccan Republic in 1950.
Fort Victoria has rooms with their own functions. Its function is as a place to organize strategies and a place to store foodstuffs. In front of the fort, there's a harbor that was used as a connecting route for ships between islands. Through the harbor, the Dutch could transport spices to be distributed to Europe. The road in front of the fort that is located near Honipopu Beach is called Victoria Boulevard. Giant cannons could be found in the fort, as well as carved statues made of wood, maps of the enlargement of Ambon City from the 17th to 19th centuries, as well as a collection of paintings of Dutch Administrators in Maluku that could be found in some rooms.
3°41′30″S 128°10′56″E﻿ / ﻿3.69167°S 128.18222°E﻿ / -3.69167; 128.18222
Portuguese Fort (Jepara)

The so-called Portuguese Fort, or Benteng Portugis, is a historical fort located in the village Banyumanis adjacent to the village of Ujung Batu, District of Keling, Jepara Regency, the province of Central Java, Indonesia. It is said that the fortress was built by the Government Mataram in 1613–1645, with partnership of the Portuguese (hence the name) as the central defense to repel the enemy who came from Java Sea (referring to the Dutch) .
Currently the Portuguese Fort is one of the leading tourist destination of Jepara. Location of the fort is also adjacent to Mandalika Island.
6°24′13″S 110°55′5″E﻿ / ﻿6.40361°S 110.91806°E﻿ / -6.40361; 110.91806