davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
真行草

真行草（しんぎょうそう）とは、書の書体、真書・行書・草書の総称である。転じて、日本の中世以来の諸芸道では、様式や空間の価値概念を表す理念語として使用されている。
「真行草」の語は、最初に書道の世界で定義された。真書は正書・楷書であり正格を表し、草書は正格を逸脱した風雅な書体、行書はその中間にあって真書を少し楽に書くものを指す。中国で真書を簡略化して筆記する過程で自然発生したものを東晋の王羲之・王献之が整理したと言われている。真行草の語は、奈良時代に『真草千字文』とともに日本に入り、平安時代には書体筆法として定着した。
座礼は長さや角度で三種類に分けられる。
立礼においても真行草が使われるが、専ら「会釈」、「敬礼」、「最高礼」と呼ばれている。
茶道具にも真行草の区別があり、真の道具は神仏や高貴な人などに奉る時に使う中国伝来の台子や皆具など、行の道具は陶磁器など少し素朴な素材、草の道具は土や竹、木などの素材である。
仏教の供花や花宴の節会など、平安時代には花の鑑賞が盛んになり、南北朝時代には書院造の出現によって立花の法式が確立した。その最古の理論書『仙伝抄』（1445年）には、序破急とともに真行草の概念が取り入れられている。華道における真草行は、真は仏前供花や賓客の饗応などの公式な場のために立てる花、行は書院の座敷飾りや花会で立てる花、草は花材や花器にこだわらず気ままに立てる花を指す。
室町時代の絵画は、飾るべき部屋の格に適合する画体によって、真行草と性格付けられる画法が確立した。絵画の真行草は行体を中軸とした対立概念である。武田恒夫は絵画の真体と草体とは、画法における明晰と非明晰、謹直と粗放、硬と軟、静止と動勢、用筆と用墨といった対概念で整理されていると述べた。掛軸では主に神仏画は真、日本画や一般的な作品は行、書の掛軸や茶掛は草とされている。
『作庭記』など室町時代の作庭理論は陰陽五行理論の具現化が中心だった。作庭書で初めて真行草の価値観が明示されたものは江戸時代の『築山庭造伝』（1735年）だが、夢窓疎石や相阿弥が作成した真行草の庭図への言及があり、室町時代から作庭の世界でも真行草が意識されていたことが分かる。『築山庭造伝』では「真行草の格に因って、気象体志を弁ふべし」といい、外面である石木の配置（体志）と内面である心の趣き（気象）から、真行草の格を意識して空間処理を心がけるように説いている。
能の世界での真行草の初出として、世阿弥の聞書『申楽談儀』では謡の習得順について、名人の草書は真似できるものでは無いから、まず楷書を学ぶことを喩えとして引いている。室町時代中期の金春禅竹の頃には、真行草は稽古順よりも演能に望む心構えとして意識されるようになった。禅竹の孫禅鳳は、普通なら平常心を草、楽屋に入り緊張しはじめた心持ちを行、舞台に上がり幕を離れたときに真になると考えそうだが、それを逆にせよと説いている。狂言の理論書は成立が遅く、江戸時代初期の『わらんべ草』が初めてのものだが、「狂言は能のくづし、真と草なり」として、能と狂言の関係を真行草になぞらえている。
連歌では、心の趣向と句の結びつきが密なものを真、心の趣向ばかりが目立つものを草とし、その中間を行とした。寄合芸能である連歌では、真行草を単調にならないように変化を加える理論として、序破急とともに重視した。
建材は檜、屋根は檜皮葺や本瓦葺、天井は折上格天井、二重折上格天井など、壁は漆喰や障壁画、畳縁は高麗縁で、厳格な決まりに基づいて建てられた最も格式張った形式で、正式に主客と対面するためなどに用いる、金箔を大量に使用した豪華な造りである。
建材は檜など、屋根は柿葺や本瓦葺、天井は格天井や竿縁天井など、壁は漆喰や聚楽壁、畳縁は高麗縁で、主人の日常生活や客の対面を落ち着いた雰囲気で行うためなどに使いる、格式よりも居住性を重視した、少しくだけた形式である。
屋根は茅葺や桟瓦葺、天井は竿縁天井や網代天井、壁は聚楽壁や弁柄壁、土塀など、畳縁は無地縁などの、自由自在に適宜な建材を使う質素な様式で、数寄屋造や茶室がこれに該当する。
中国では真が最も正統な格式で、行と草は真に次ぐものと見なされているが、日本ではこの三者は同等の価値があり、もしくは侘び寂びのように草が最も成熟したものと見なされている。
敷石のひとつである延段（のべだん）には三種類の格式がある。
書家

書家（しょか）は、書における高度な技術と教養を持った専門家のこと。日本では書人ともいい、近年、異称であるが書道家ともいわれるようになった。中国語では、書法家（繁体字）という。独自の感性で墨文字アート、墨象画を手掛けている書き手は、書家とは異なる。
書家一覧
書家一覧
Yatate

Yatate (矢立) are small personal smoking-pipe-shaped writing sets from medieval Japan which provided a carrying box for the ink cotton, and a shaft for a brush (and possibly a letter opener).
Yatate literally means "quiver". The name comes from the practice of early bushi who kept ink stones inside their quivers.
Japanese writing was traditionally done using the writing set inspired from China: an inking stone, a small stick of solid ink (sumi) (which is turned to usable liquid ink by grinding on the inking stone and watering), and brushes. The complete set was easily portable and took time to prepare the materials for writing.
During the Kamakura period (1185–1333), the idea of ink-saturated cotton was developed. By touching a calligraphy brush to the cotton, one could ink the bristles with reduced risk of dripping or spilling ink. By enclosing the cotton in a little box (sumi tsubo), a writing set was made convenient and portable.
The first yatate were long boxes, with the ink compartment in the axis of the pen. The "smoking pipe" shape was designed to increase the quantity of available ink. In the late Edo period, another design was developed, with the ink box attached to the pen shaft by a chain; the ink box was used as a netsuke to fix the yatate to the belt, while other yatate were simply tucked behind the belt like a fan.
As only members of the samurai caste were permitted to carry katana, some yatate were designed to be used for self-defense. Some late yatate were made of a special alloy of gold and copper called shakudo, specifically designed to turn purple-black over time, and give the yatate its finish.
Suzuri-bako

Suzuri-bako (硯箱; "inkstone box") are a type of Japanese writing box. The boxes are traditionally made of lacquered wood and are used to hold writing implements. Historically, the boxes were associated with calligraphy, and as such they were made using high-quality materials designed to safeguard porcelain inkstones (suzuri) from damage.
The first suzuri-bako were developed in 9th-century Japan. At the time, calligraphy was an integral part of Japanese society. In order for a writer to produce a high-quality calligraphy script, a set of precise tools was needed. The most important of these tools was the inkstone, which was required to hold and transfer ink onto a writer's brush. Ink sticks, water droppers, and a small knife were also part of a calligrapher's set. Suzuri-bako were designed to ensure that the various tools a calligrapher needed were properly organized and protected. Due to the insoluble nature of resin-based lacquer, the contents of the writing box were relatively safe from moisture. Inside of the square or rectangular boxes rested a number of different trays and holders, the layout of which differed from period to period. Early boxes were large enough to accommodate both the writer's implements and papers, while later boxes only housed tools. A second type of box, the ryōshibako, were used in later periods to house completed papers.
Suzuri-bako became more elaborate as over time. While early period boxes are often decorated with solid red lacquer, more modern boxes are decorated in any number of ways. From the Muromachi period onward, many writing boxes have been decorated with images from Japan's great works of literature. Kōdaiji Temple in Kyoto became associated with a style of Suzuri-bako decoration that featured asymmetrical patterns and autumn grasses. In terms of lacquerware, black, brown, and gold are the most common colors seen in more modern suzuri-bako. During the Edo period many dowries included a suzuri-bako. Advancements in technology and manufacturing processes during the Meiji period resulted in a development of a number of new box shapes and sizes. The craft declined after the wide scale replacement of calligraphy, though the boxes are still produced in small numbers.
Important Cultural Property (Japan)

An Important Cultural Property (重要文化財, jūyō bunkazai) is an item officially classified as Tangible Cultural Property by the Japanese government's Agency for Cultural Affairs (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and judged to be of particular importance to the history, arts, and culture of the Japanese people.
To protect the cultural heritage of Japan, the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties was created as a "designation system" (指定制度) under which important items are appropriated as Cultural Properties, thus imposing restrictions to their alteration, repair and export. Besides the "designation system", there exists a "registration system" (登録制度), which guarantees a lower level of protection and support to Registered Cultural Properties.
Cultural Properties are classified according to their nature. Items designated as Tangible Cultural Properties (as opposed to Intangible Cultural Properties), cultural products of high historical or artistic value such as structures, paintings, sculptures, handicrafts, calligraphic works, ancient books, historic documents, archeological artifacts and other such items, can later, if they satisfy certain criteria, be designated either Important Cultural Properties or National Treasures (国宝), for especially valuable items. The designation can take place at the city (市定重要文化財, city designated Important Cultural Property), prefectural (県定重要文化財, prefecturally designated Important Cultural Property) or national (国定重要文化財, nationally designated Important Cultural Property) level. In this last case the designating agency is often not specified. Varying levels of designation can coexist. For example, Sankei-en, a traditional Japanese-style garden in Naka Ward, Yokohama, is both city and nationally designated as an Important Cultural Properties.
Arthur Davison Ficke

Arthur Davison Ficke (November 10, 1883 – November 30, 1945) was an American poet, playwright, and expert of Japanese art. Ficke had a national reputation as "a poet's poet", and "one of America's most expert sonneteers". Under the alias Anne Knish, Ficke co-authored Spectra (1916). Intended as a spoof of the experimental verse which was fashionable at the time, the collection of strange poems unexpectedly caused a sensation among modernist critics which eclipsed Ficke's recognition as a traditional prose stylist. Ficke is also known for his relationship with poet Edna St. Vincent Millay.
After a lengthy battle with throat cancer, Arthur died from his illness on November 30, 1945.
A native of Davenport, Iowa, Ficke is associated with other local writers known as the Davenport group. His work was influenced by Japanese artistic traditions, which he had been familiar with since childhood; his father, an art dealer, imported Japanese art in the last decade of the nineteenth century, when it was extremely popular. Ficke wrote several popular treatises on Japanese art during his career, among them Chats on Japanese Prints, published in 1915.
Sticking to traditional styles and forms when modernism was dominating the world of literature and poets were prone to experimentation, Ficke was noted for being "in the best sense a conservative force in our poetry." Much of his early work was in traditional meter and rhyme scheme; Sonnets of a Portrait-Painter (1914) is a noteworthy example.
Ficke was displeased by what he saw as the inaesthetic nature of contemporary experimentation, which was the main motivation for the Spectra hoax, intended as a satire of modern poetry. His collaborators on the Spectra hoax were fellow poets Witter Bynner (writing as 'Emanuel Morgan') and Marjorie Allen Seiffert (writing as 'Elijah Hay'). Ironically, his experience writing Spectra influenced him to begin experimenting with other forms; Christ in the Desert was his first more modernistic work, without traditional meter or rhyme scheme.
Poetry
Plays
Novels
Non-fiction
Ethnographic Museum (Rwanda)

The Ethnographic Museum (Kinyarwanda: Inzu ndangamurage), formerly the National Museum of Rwanda (French: Musée national du Rwanda, Kinyarwanda: Ingoro y'Umurage w'u Rwanda), is a national museum in Rwanda. It is located in Butare. It is owned by Institute of National Museums of Rwanda.
It was built with help of the Belgian government and opened in 1989. It is also a good source of information on the cultural history of the country and the region. It is also known as the site of the murder of Queen Dowager Rosalie Gicanda and several others during the Rwandan genocide.
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (abbreviated BAS; Bulgarian: Българска академия на науките, Bŭlgarska akademiya na naukite, abbreviated БАН) is the National Academy of Bulgaria, established in 1869.
The Academy, with headquarters in Sofia, is autonomous and consists of a Society of Academicians, Correspondent Members and Foreign Members. It publishes and circulates different scientific works, encyclopaedias, dictionaries and journals, and runs its own publishing house.
The activities are distributed in three main branches: Natural, mathematical and engineering sciences; Biological, medical and agrarian sciences and Social sciences, humanities and art. They are structured in 42 independent scientific institutes, and a dozen of laboratories and other sections.
Julian Revalski has been the president of the BAS since 2016. As of 2022, its budget was 119,860 million leva (€61.28 million).
As Bulgaria was part of the Ottoman Empire, Bulgarian émigrés founded the Bulgarian Literary Society (Bulgarsko Knizhovno Druzhest, or Bulgarian Learned Society) on 26 September 1869, in Brăila in the Kingdom of Romania, on the model of the Romanian Literary Society, that had been established in 1866. The first statutes were accepted, and its first board was elected:
Board of Trustees
Acting members:
The following year, the Literary Society began issuing the Periodical Journal, its official publication, and in 1871 elected its first honorary member - Gavril Krastevich. As a cultural and enlightened society, the Society worked to form a library of old Bulgarian and foreign books, manuscripts, and medieval charters; and the journal brought to the attention the importance of collecting materials valuable for the study of Bulgarian folklore, history, language, and literature.
In 1878, shortly after Bulgaria's liberation from Ottoman rule, the General Assembly voted to move the headquarters of the Society from Brăila to Sofia, and on 1 March 1893 the BLS moved into its own building, right next to where the Bulgarian Parliament is seated. The BLS headquarters were completed in 1892. The building was designed by architect Hermann Mayer and was expanded during the 1920s.
The Bulgarian Literary Society adopted its present-day name in 1911, and Ivan Geshov became the Academy's first president. The BAS became a member of the Union of Slavonic Academies and Scientific Communities in 1913 and was accepted as a member of the International Council of Scientific Unions in 1931.
The BAS was awarded the Japanese Foreign Minister’s Commendation for their contributions to promotion of mutual understanding between Bulgaria and Japan on 1 December 2020.
The BAS has 9 main sections, more broadly united under three main branches: Natural, mathematical and engineering sciences; Biological, medical and agrarian sciences and Social sciences, humanities and art. Each consists of independent scientific institutes, laboratories and other sections.
Academia Peak and Camp Academia on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica are named for the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in appreciation of Academy's contribution to the Antarctic exploration.
Gable

A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of intersecting roof pitches. The shape of the gable and how it is detailed depends on the structural system used, which reflects climate, material availability, and aesthetic concerns. The term gable wall or gable end more commonly refers to the entire wall, including the gable and the wall below it. Some types of roof do not have a gable (for example hip roofs do not). One common type of roof with gables, the 'gable roof', is named after its prominent gables.
A parapet made of a series of curves (shaped gable, see also Dutch gable) or horizontal steps (crow-stepped gable) may hide the diagonal lines of the roof.
Gable ends of more recent buildings are often treated in the same way as the Classic pediment form. But unlike Classical structures, which operate through trabeation, the gable ends of many buildings are actually bearing-wall structures.
Gable style is also used in the design of fabric structures, with varying degree sloped roofs, dependent on how much snowfall is expected.
Sharp gable roofs are a characteristic of the Gothic and classical Greek styles of architecture.
The opposite or inverted form of a gable roof is a V-roof or butterfly roof.
While a front-gabled or gable-fronted building faces the street with its gable, a side-gabled building faces it with its cullis (gutter), meaning the ridge is parallel to the street. The terms are used in architecture and city planning to determine a building in its urban situation.
Front-gabled buildings are considered typical for German city streets in the Gothic period, while later Renaissance buildings, influenced by Italian architecture, are often side-gabled. In America, front-gabled houses, such as the gablefront house, were popular between the early 19th century and 1920.
A Wimperg, in German and Dutch, is a Gothic ornamental gable with tracery over windows or portals, which were often accompanied by pinnacles. It was a typical element in Gothic architecture, especially in cathedral architecture. Wimpergs often had crockets or other decorative elements in the Gothic style. The intention behind the wimperg was the perception of increased height.
The gable end roof is a poor design for hurricane or tornado-prone regions. Winds blowing against the gable end can exert tremendous pressure, both on the gable and on the roof edges where they overhang it, causing the roof to peel off and the gable to cave in.
Roof lantern

A roof lantern is a daylighting architectural element. Architectural lanterns are part of a larger roof and provide natural light into the space or room below. In contemporary use it is an architectural skylight structure.
A lantern roof will generally mean just the roof of a lantern structure in the West, but has a special meaning in Indian architecture (mostly Buddhist, and stretching into Central Asia and eastern China), where it means a dome-like roof raised by sets of four straight beams placed above each other, "arranged in diminishing squares", and rotated with each set. Normally such a "lantern" is enclosed and provides no light at all.
The term roof top lantern is sometimes used to describe the lamps on roofs of taxis in Japan, designed to reflect the cultural heritage of Japanese paper lanterns.
The glazed lantern was developed during the Middle Ages, one notable medieval example being that atop the 14th-century Octagon Tower at Ely Cathedral in England. Roof lanterns of masonry and glass were used in Renaissance architecture, such as in principal cathedrals. In 16th-century France and Italy, they began usage in orangeries, an early form of a conservatory structure with tall windows and a glazed roof section for wintering citrus trees and other plants in non-temperate climates.
Post-Renaissance roof lanterns were made of timber and glass and were often prone to leaking.
Modern lanterns benefit from advances in glazing and sealing techniques, plus the development of high performance insulated glass and sealants, which reduce energy loss and provide water-tightness in the same manner as conventional skylights. Typically, roof lanterns are constructed using wood, UPVC or aluminium, or a combination of those materials.
They serve as an architectural feature, distinguished from commercial manufactured skylights by their custom design, providing unique views to the outdoors. Roof lanterns for residential homes are usually constructed using a combination of triangular and trapezoidal segments, fitted within a UPVC or aluminium frame. Traditional architectural styles characterise most roof lanterns in the UK. In the U.S., where the term 'custom' skylight is often used, modern styles of roof lanterns are also common in the building vernacular.
Bank of Iwate Red Brick Building

Bank of Iwate Red Brick Building (岩手銀行赤レンガ館, Iwate Ginkō Aka-Renga kan) is a former bank building located in the city of Morioka, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. The building is an example of Meiji period western style architecture in Japan, and is listed as an Important Cultural Property. The building is now used as a museum.
The building was initially constructed as the head office of the Morioka Bank, and is located at the foot of Nakanobashi Bridge, which crosses the Nakatsu River in Morioka. Work began in May 1908 and was completed in April 1911. The Morioka Bank went out of business in 1933, and the building was acquired by the Iwate Shokusan Bank in 1936, and became its head office. The bank's name was changed to the Bank of Iwate in 1960. It continued to be used as the bank's head office until a modern building was completed in 1983. It continued to be used as a brand office of the bank even after the building's designation as an Important Cultural Property, until 2012. The interior of the building was repaired and restored to its Meiji period appearance, and the building was opened to the public in 2016.
The main architect of the building was Tatsuno Kingo, who also designed the head office of the Bank of Japan in Tokyo. This is the only one of his works in the Tohoku region of Japan. Tatsuno was assisted by Morioka-native Kasai Manji. The unique characteristics of the building is that it has an octagonal domed tower in the southeast corner, a square tower in the southwest corner, and Japanese-style irimoya-zukuri gable roofs protruding from the sides. The outer wall is made of red brick and with stripes of white granite. Inside, there is a corridor on the second floor surrounding the colonnade on the first floor. About 910,000 bricks from Iwate prefecture are used for building materials, and Aomori Hiba cypress wood is used for the interior. Although the building is distinguished by its use of red bricks, it was painted white from 1936 until 1958 and was called the "White Meijikan".
Currently, the interior is divided into a free "Iwate Bank Zone" and a paid "Morioka Bank Zone". The Iwate Bank Zone has a multi-purpose hall with refurbished business rooms and a library lounge that introduces the history of industry and commerce in Morioka. In the Morioka Bank Zone is a reception room and a safe room that has been used since the bank's opening. There is also a corner that introduces the financial history of Iwate Prefecture, and a theater that introduces the history and structure of the buildings.
Media related to Former Morioka Bank Head Office at Wikimedia Commons
Sayur asem

Sayur asem nyaéta salah saiji kadaharan nu asalna ti Sunda atawa Jawa Kulon. Sayur asem mangrupa kadaharan nu geus ilahar dimasarakat. Rasana nu seger, amis jeung haseum dipikaresep ku balaréa. Kiwari mah sayur asem geus sumebar disababaraha daérah di Indonésia lain ngan saukur di Jawa Kulon.
Numutkeun sajarahna mah sayur asem téh mimiti aya pas Indonésia keur dina kaayaan sagala kakurangan, sabab kitu, bungbu keur masakna ogé kawates ngan saukur maké buah asém jeung cabé, eusi sayuranna ogé rupa-rupa nu teu ilahar saperti daun tangkil, jagong, léjét, tangkil jsb. Diaranan sayur asem téh ku sabab rasa sayurna nu haseum.
Bahan pikeun nyieun sayur asem di antarana, jagong amis, kacang panjang, tangkil, daun tangkil, léjét, bungbuna kawas asém, gula beureum, tomat, bawang bodas, uyah, tarasi. Mimitina golakkeun cai, jeung bungbu nu tadi geus disebutkeun nepi kaambeu seungitna. Tuluy abuskeun sayuran nu geus meunang nyiksikan leutik-leutik. Golakkeun nepi ka sayuranna hipu, ulah poho abuskeun asém nu geus digeprék. Antepkeun sakeudeng tuluy jait.
Balingbing

Balingbing nyaéta tutuwuhan penghasil buah, anu wangunna has anu asalna ti Indonésia, India, sarta Sri Langka. Ayeuna, balimbing geus sumebar ka penjuru Asia Tenggara, Republik Dominika, Brasil, Peru, Ghana, Guyana, Tonga, sarta Polinésia. Usaha penanaman sacara komérsial dipigawé di Amérika Sarikat, nyaéta di Florida Kidul sarta Hawaii. Di Indonésia, buah ieu jadi ikon dayeuh Dépok, Jawa Kulon, saprak taun 2007.
Tangkal ieu mibanda daun majemuk anu panjangna bisa ngahontal 50 cm, kembang boga warna beureum ngora anu umumna mecenghul di tungtung dahan. Tangkal ieu mibanda cabang loba sarta bisa tumuwuh nepi ka ngahontal 5 m. Henteu saperti pepelakan tropis séjénna, tangkal balingbing henteu merlukeun loba sinar panonpoé. Sumebarna tangkal balingbing pohara lega, alatan binihna disebarkeun ku lebah.
Buah balingbing boga warna konéng kahéjoan. Waktu kakara tumuwuh, buahna boga warna héjo. Lamun seug balingbing diteukteuk, ieu panampang buahna ngawangun wujud béntang. Siki leutik sarta boga warna coklat. Buah ieu rangu pas didahar, rasana amis sarta saeutik haseum. Buah ieu ngandung loba vitamin C. Wangun buahna anu unik jeung rasa amis sarta bisa dikokolakeun jadi rupa-rupa sajian, balingbing bisa dibédakeun jadi 2 macem. Anu rasana amis jeung wangun béntang dipikawanoh minangka balingbing amis (Averrhoa Carambola) sedengkeun jenis kadua nyaéta balingbing sayur atawa balingbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilim) anu rasana haseum, mindeng dipaké pikeun samara masakan, utamana pikeun méré rasa haseum dina masakan.
Salah sahiji wewengkon anu kaceluk baris produksi balingbing nyaéta DépokJawa Kulon, Demak, Jawa Tengah sarta Blitar Jawa Wétan. Balingbing geus ditetepkeun ku pamaréntah wewengkon Dépok minangka simbol has Dayeuh Dépok.
Balingbing miboga loba sari (cai), nepi ka bisa dijieun wine buah. Di Myanmar, balingbing digunakeun pikeun acar téh. Salian ti éta, pamakéan balingbing minangka ubar getih luhur pohara populér di masarakat. Henteu saeutik urang anu langsung ngonsumsi balingbing boh daun boh buahna mangsa nyaho tekenan getihna luhur. Sacara émpiris, balingbing ogé dipaké pikeun nurunkeun kolésterol, ngalancarkeun pencernaan, anti kanker, ubar sariawan, nyeri beuteung, panas, batuk rejan sarta éncok.
Buah balingbing miboga kandungan gizi cukup luhur anu méré mangpaat pikeun awak. Dina 100 gram buah balingbing anu asak ngandung:
Waluh

Waluh (Cucurbita) nyaéta salahsahiji tutuwuhan ngareuy anu kaasup anggota Cucurbitaceae nu ngahasilkeun buah nu ukurana gedé . Ieu tangkal asalna ti buana Amérika, ayeuna mah nyebar di sawatara tempat nu miboga iklim haneut.
Waluh kaasup sababaraha spesies anggota genus Cucurbita, nyaéta C. argyrosperma, C. maxima, C. moschata, katut C. pepo. Di sawatara tempat di Indonésia, waluh disebut ku ngaran "labu", sanajan sabenerna miboga harti anu luas contona waluh cai, waluh oray, waluh siem, jeung baligo. Waluh dibédakeun tina waluh lianna ku sabab buahna karék bisa didahar lamun geus asak (biasana kelirna jingga), ukuranna méh gedé, bentukna buleud nepi ka lonyod sadta miboga ukiran daun buah anu jelas, jeung kulitna heuras. Waluh miboga warna orén ku sabab ngandung beta-karoténa (salah sahiji provitamin A ogé salaku antioksidan). Lamun dikeureut, ieu buah miboga bentuk nu mirip jeung bintang, sikina gedé jeung warnana coklat atawa bodas. Daging buahna ngeunah, rasana amis jeung rada haseum. Daun ngoraa waluh ogé bisa dijieun dahareun, minangka sayur.
Cara melak jeung ngarawatna babari pisan, pikeun meunangkeun bibitna, waluh siem nu ggeus aya ti tangkalna diantepkeun nepika kolot, nepika bijil dina buahna.
Pikeun meunangkeun hasil buah anu maksimal, daun nu kolot kudu diteukteukan méh kaluar pucuk tunas anu anyar, tuluy biasana langsung bijil kembngna.
Létah

Létah nyaéta alat indera anu miboga fungsi pikeun ngarasakeun rangsangan tina barang-barang anu asup kana baham urang. Létah bisa ngarespon sagala rupa rasa kayaning amis, pait, haseum, jeung asin. Urang bisa ngarasakeun kadaharan atawa inuman alatan ayana létah. Bagéan létah anu hareup fungsina pikeun ngarasakeun rasa asin, bagéan anu palebah sisi pikeun rasa haseum, bagéan sisi hareup boga fungsi pikeun ngarasakeun rasa amis sarta bagian létah anu tukang pikeun rasa pait. Létah miboga reseptor husus anu patali jeung rangsangan kimia. Létah mangrupa organ anu disusun ku otot-otot. Bagéan létah nu luhur dilapis ku épitelium anu loba ngandung kelenjar lendir, sarta reseptor pengecap mangrupa sirung pengecap. Sirung pengecap diwangun tina sajumplukan sél sénsori anu miboga jendulan kawas buuk. Bagéan luhur létah pinuh ku jendulan (papila). Aya tilu rupa jendulan, nyaéta wangun benang, wangun rata anu dikuliling ku garis-garis, sarta wangun suung. Sirung pengecap aya dina garis-garis papila nu wangunna rata, di palebah sisi papila wangunna siga suung, sarta di bagéan luhur papila wangunna siga benang.
Mantéga

Mentéga nyaéta produk kadaharan anu dijieuna tina susu. Biasana dipaké pikeun olésan dina roti jeung biskuit. Kecap mantéga aslna tina basa Portugis nyaéta manteiga. Komposisi gizi margarin hampir sarua jeung mantéga, ngan bédana tina jumlahna. Mantéga komposisi gizi lobana dina margarin nyaéta lemak (sabudeureun 80 persén). Mantéga dijieuna tina lemak sapi sedengkeun margarin tina minyak sayuran.
Mantéga miboga kandungan giji saperti lemak susu, lemak nabati, loba ngandung lemak, mineral jeung vitamin. Vitamin dina matéga nyaéta vitamin A anu dibutuhkeun ku awak dina pungsi fisiologis jeung sistem endokrin. Salain ti éta mantéga ogé miboga kandunagn itamin larut lemak lainna, saperti vitamin D, E, jeung K. Vitamin A bersumber tina betakarotenoid atawa pigmen karoten lainna anu dihaja ditambahkeun pikeun gincu warna konéng. Lemak mantega asalna tina lemak susu sato, anu sok disebut butter fat. Mantéga miboga kandungan sajumlahing asam butirat, asam laurat, jeung asam linoléat. Asam butirat bisa dipaké ku usus gedé pikeun sumber énérgi, lian ti éta pikeun senyawa antikarsinogénik (anti kangker). Mantéga bisa dijieun tina lemak susu (utamana lemak susu sapi) anu amis atawa haseum. Mantéga tina lemak susu anu haseum miboga cita rasa lewih kuat. Lemak susu bisa diantepkeun jadi haseum sacara langsung atawa ngaliwatan inokulum murni baktéri asam laktat (prosés fermentasi). Mimitina lemak susu dinétralkeun ku uyah karbonat, tuluy dipasteurisasi jeung diinokulasi ku baktéri anu bisa ngahasilkeun asam laktat salila prosés fermentasi.
Coto makassar

Coto Makassar or Coto Mangkasara (Makassarese), is an Indonesian traditional soup originating from Makassar, South Sulawesi. It is a variant of soto, traditionally made with beef, offal stew with seasoned broth made from ground peanuts and spices. The main ingredient of this soup is beef, and it can be mixed with innards, such as intestine, liver, lungs, heart, tripe, or cow brain.
Coto Makassar is usually served with Burasa or Ketupat rice cakes.
J.CO Donuts

J.CO Donuts & Coffee is an Indonesian cafe restaurant chain that specializes in donuts, coffee and frozen yogurt. The company is owned and managed by Johnny Andrean Group.
The first J.CO opened on 26 June 2005. In four months, the outlet made money and continued growing. On its eighth year, J.CO had 120 outlets in Indonesia, 12 in Malaysia and the Philippines, 4 in Singapore and 2 in Hong Kong.
J.CO is the fastest growing donut and coffee chain in Indonesia with 236 stores opened since 2005. They have successfully penetrated into the local market in Indonesia against Krispy Kreme and Dunkin' Donuts to become one of the market leaders for donuts and coffee.
In terms of international growth, they have been rapidly expanding their store chains throughout Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines and Hong Kong, bringing the total store count to over 275 chains in 2017. As of 2017, it has five stores in Singapore, 18 in Malaysia, two in Hong Kong and 45 in the Philippines
J.CO opened its first branch in Indonesia in 2005 with a total 236 stores in 2020. In Singapore, they opened their first branch in 2008 with a total of 3 stores. In 2012, J.CO entered the Philippines with now 57 stores opened as of 2022. In December 2016, J.CO opened its first branch in Hong Kong.. It currently has 3 stores in Hong Kong.
J.CO's donut flavors are either named using eponyms or word plays such as puns. One example is, Alcapone, the most popular donut flavor, inspired by most-wanted Italian American gangster Al Capone. As of 2017, they have launched over 45 flavors, some of which are inspired by local tastes such as their kaya donut and kurma donut.
Some complementary products they sell include J.CRONUT (croissant donuts), J.POPS (mini bite-size donuts), J.CLUB (donut sandwiches), J.COOL (frozen yogurt), and gourmet selections of pastries, sandwiches and salads. The J.COFFEE line features a variety of coffee beverages ranging from the classics to iced blends.
Runza

A runza (also called a krautburger, or kraut pirok) is a yeast dough bread pocket with a filling consisting of ground beef, cabbage or sauerkraut, onions, and seasonings. Runzas can be baked into various shapes such as a half-moon, a rectangle, a round (bun), a square, or a triangle. The runzas sold by the Runza restaurant chain are rectangular while many of the bierocks sold in Kansas are round buns.
The runza is a regional cuisine of Nebraska, with some commentators calling it "as Nebraskan as Cornhusker football." It is served by the Nebraska Society of Washington, D.C., and the Nebraska Society of New York at their Taste of Nebraska events and was chosen to represent the state at Flavored Nation, an event serving iconic dishes from all fifty states.
The runza sandwich originated from the pirog, an Eastern European baked good or more specifically from its small version, known as pirozhok (literally "little pirog"). In the 18th century, Volga Germans (ethnic Germans who settled in the Volga River valley in the Russian Empire at the invitation of Catherine the Great because of their skill in farming), adapted the pirog /pirozhok to create the bierock, a yeast pastry sandwich with similar savory ingredients. When the political climate turned against the Volga Germans as part of Russification including the threat of conscription into the Russian army beginning in 1871, many emigrated to the United States, creating communities across the Great Plains. These immigrants, including the Brening family that settled near Sutton, Nebraska, brought their bierock recipes with them. Sarah "Sally" Everett (née Brening), originally of Sutton, is credited with adapting her family's bierock recipe into the runza and also inventing the name for the sandwich. In 1949, Everett went into business selling runzas with her brother Alex in Lincoln, founding the Runza restaurant chain.
Many sources agree that Sally Everett invented the name "runza" although it is likely she adapted it from an existing name for the sandwich; either the krautrunz, an older, different German name for the bierock, or the Low German runsa, meaning "belly", alluding to the gently rounded shape of the pouch pastry. The modern German Ranzen, also meaning satchel, derives from runsa. The word "runza" is registered as a trademark in the United States, held by the Runza restaurant chain.
Sour Patch Kids

Sour Patch Kids (also known as Very Bad Kids in France, and known as Maynards Sour Patch Kids in Canada and previously in the UK) are a brand of soft gummy candy with a coating of invert sugar and sour sugar (a combination of citric acid, tartaric acid, and sugar). The tartaric and citric acids provide the candy with a sharp burst of tartness, while the inverted sugar gives the soft gummy its sweet flavor. Sour Patch Kids Extreme, which contains malic acid in addition to the tartaric and citric acids, is considered the sourest variation in the Sour Patch line of candies. The slogans "Sour Then Sweet" and "Sour. Sweet. Gone." refer to the candy's sour-to-sweet taste.
Sour Patch Kids were created in the early 1970s by Frank Galatolie while working as a confectioner at Jaret International. In the late 1970s, Cadbury and the Malaco Licorice Company formed the Allen Candy Company in Hamilton, Ontario to produce them. Mondelez International currently handles production of the candy, following their acquisition of the Allen Candy Company in the late 1990s.
World Gone Sour is a 2011 video game based on Sour Patch Kids. It was developed by Playbrains and published by Capcom. It was released on December 20, 2011, for PC, April 10, 2012, for PlayStation Network, and April 11, 2012, for Xbox Live Arcade (XBLA). It was delisted from platforms around 2015.
In 2014, Sour Patch Kids gum became available.
In 2018, Dreyer's produced Sour Patch Kids-flavored ice cream, and J&J Snack Foods launched Sour Patch Kids-flavored ice pops.
Post released Sour Patch Kids cereal in 2018. The cereal is shaped like Sour Patch Kids candy and dusted with sour sugar, which dissolves in milk.
On May 6, 2024, Sour Patch Kids Oreos released to store shelves, with colorful sour sugar inclusions in the cookie and creme.
On March 27, 2025, Sour Patch Kids released a statement on Twitter (or X) stating, "We've heard enough. We've had enough. 'You're not sour enough' well guess what - we're not sour at ALL anymore." The statement went on, describing a re-brand as "Just Patch Kids". The company's social media profile names were changed to "Just Patch Kids".
Gu Lao Rou

Sweet and Sour Pork (simplified Chinese: 咕噜肉; traditional Chinese: 咕嚕肉; pinyin: gūlūròu; Cantonese Yale: gū lōu yuhk) is a Cantonese and Chinese-American dish consisting of fried pork tenders with sweet and sour sauce. This dish originated in Cantonese cuisine in the 18th century. It became popular in the United States after Chinese immigrants came to the US to work on the railroad in the early 20th century.
The dish's aroma is said to cause people to salivate or "gulp and gulp", hence the name. Another explanation refers to the long history of the dish's origins, which are in “Ancient Pork”, later harmonized into “Gulao Pork”.
Ingredients include bite-sized chunks of pork, battered and fried; chunks of pineapple; chunks of bell pepper; and sweet and sour sauce.
This dish became popular because it fits the taste of foreigners living in Guangdong. Since Europeans and Americans contacted the Guangdong area first during the Qing Dynasty, the dish became popular among them. Moreover, the Guangdong people were the first ones to immigrate to the United States. As a result, as they began to open Cantonese restaurants, the dish became viral both in China and internationally.
According to Vice, the dish is often misunderstood to be "inauthentic, cheap, westernized" because it was developed to please western palates. Lucas Sin argues that "Chinese American food is authentic to a different type of immigrant experience, a different style of cooking...It’s an important segment of history".
माघ

माघ हा एक भारतीय राष्ट्रीय पंचांगानुसार वर्षातील अकरावा महिना आहे. हा महिना ३० दिवसांचा असतो. तो २१ जानेवारीला सुरू होतो आणि फेब्रुवारी १९ रोजी संपतो.
माघ महिना हा ग्रेगोरियन कॅलेंडरच्या जानेवारी आणि फेब्रुवारी महिन्यांत येतो.
माघ हा हिंदू पंचागानुसारही वर्षातला अकरावा महिना आहे. ’अमावास्यान्त’ पद्धतीनुसार माघ महिना माघ शुक्ल प्रतिपदेला सुरू होतो आणि माघ अमावास्येला संपतो. पौर्णिमान्त पद्धतीनुसार हा महिना १५ दिवस आधी सुरू होतो आणि १५ दिवस आधी म्हणजे पौर्णिमेला संपतो. म्हणजे जेव्हा अमावास्यान्त पद्धतीची कार्तिक वद्य प्रतिपदा असते, तेव्हा पौर्णिमान्त पद्धतीची माघ वद्य प्रतिपदा असते. दोन्ही पद्धतींतला शुक्लपक्ष एकच असतो.
मोरेश्वर नीळकंठ पिंगळे

मोरेश्वर नीळकंठ पिंगळे उपाख्य मोरोपंत हे भारतातील राष्ट्रीय स्वयंसेवक संघाचे एक वरिष्ठ नेते होते. "हिन्दु जागरणाचा सरसेनानी" म्हणून त्यांचा गौरव करण्यात आला होता. संघ प्रचारक म्हणून झालेल्या त्यांच्या ६५ वर्षांच्या सेवेत, त्यांनी विविध पदे भूषविली. त्यातील, 'अखिल भारतीय बौद्धिक प्रमुख' हे पद सर्वोच्च होते. सन १९७५ मध्ये भारतात लागू केलेल्या आणीबाणीच्या काळात ते सहा सरसंघचालकांपैकी एक होते. भारतीय प्रसारमाध्यमांनी, रामजन्मभूमी आंदोलनादरम्यान त्यांचा "फील्ड मार्शल" म्हणून गौरव केला. त्यांच्या मार्गदर्शनाखाली राष्ट्रीय स्वयंसेवक संघाचे अनेक प्रकल्प सुरू करण्यात आले: गौ-संशोधन, सरस्वती नदी शोध, इतिहास पुनर्लेखन ही त्यातील काही उदाहरणे. त्यामुळे त्यांना संघाचा प्रकल्प पुरुष ही पदवी मिळाली. ते प्रसिद्धिपराङ्‌मुख होते. त्यांचे वर्णन 'सर्वच ठिकाणी पण कशातच नाही' असे करता येऊ शकेल. ते आपले जीवन संघाचा खरा स्वयंसेवक म्हणून जगले.
मोरोपंत हे डॉ. हेडगेवार व श्री गुरुजी यांचे मार्गदर्शन मिळालेल्यांपैकी एक आहेत. सन १९४१ मध्ये पदवी घेतल्यानंतर ते सन १९४६ मध्ये पूर्ण वेळ संघ प्रचारक झाले. १९४६ मध्ये वयाच्या २६व्या वर्षी त्यांना महाराष्ट्राचे सहप्रांतप्रचारक म्हणुन नियुक्ती मिळाली. त्यांच्या कारकिर्दीत त्यांनी महात्मा गांधी यांच्या हत्येत ’सरसंघचालक गुरुजी गोळवलकर यांचा हात असल्याच्या अफवां’मुळे पडलेली संघाच्या विविध शाखांमधील दरी बुजविण्याचे कार्य केले.
सन १९८१ मध्ये मीनाक्षीपुरम् येथे शेकडो हिंदूंना बाटवले गेले. असे पुन्हा होऊ नये त्यासाठी पिंगळे यांनी १९८३ साली विश्व हिंदू परिषदेद्वारे एकात्मता यात्रेची मुहूर्तमेढ रोवली.. त्यांच्या संघटना कौशल्यामुळे मोरोपंतांना या यात्रेचे नियोजन, परस्पर समन्वय व क्रियान्वयनाची जबाबदारी दिली गेली. या कामासाठी मोरोपंत भारतभर फिरले. एकात्मता यात्रेच्या रथाच्या त्यांनी निवडलेल्या परिणामकारक मार्गामुळे त्या यात्रेचा प्रभाव निश्चित वाढला.
सन १९८३ मध्ये झालेल्या एकात्मता यात्रेपाठोपाठच, राम-जानकी रथयात्रा काढण्यात आली.ही राम जन्मभूमी आंदोलनाची पूर्वतयारी होती.या यात्रेचा उद्देश, हिंदूंना संघटित करणे तसेच त्यांच्यामध्ये अभिमानाची भावना जागृत करणे, हा होता. बिहार व उत्तर प्रदेश या प्रांतांमधून सात रथ प्रवास करत करत अयोध्येला पोचले. या रथांमध्ये भगवान श्रीराम हे अयोध्येत तुरुंगात आहेत असे दाखविण्यात आले होत. मोरोपंतांना या यात्रेचे संयोजक व नियंत्रक म्हणून नेमण्यात आले होते. सन १९८६ मध्ये, फैजाबाद न्यायालयाने हिंदू समाजाची जागरूकता जाणून घेऊन अयोध्येतील राममंदिराचे कुलूप काढण्याचा आदेश दिला.
टपालसेवा

टपालसेवा किंवा पोस्ट ही पोस्टकार्ड, पत्रे आणि पार्सल भौतिकरित्या वाहतूक करणारी एक प्रणाली आहे. टपाल सेवा खाजगी किंवा सार्वजनिक असू शकते, जरी अनेक सरकार खाजगी प्रणालींवर निर्बंध घालतात. १९ व्या शतकाच्या मध्यापासून, राष्ट्रीय टपाल प्रणाली सामान्यतः सरकारी मक्तेदारी म्हणून स्थापित केली गेली आहे, ज्यामध्ये लेखाच्या प्रीपेड शुल्कासह. पेमेंटचा पुरावा सहसा चिकट टपाल तिकिटाच्या स्वरूपात असतो, परंतु टपाल मीटरचा वापर मोठ्या प्रमाणात मेलिंगसाठी देखील केला जातो. ईमेलच्या आगमनाने, "स्नेल मेल" हे प्रतिशब्द तयार झाले.
पोस्टल अधिकाऱ्यांची अनेकदा पत्रे वाहतूक करण्याशिवाय कार्ये असतात. काही देशांमध्ये, एक पोस्टल, टेलिग्राफ आणि टेलिफोन सेवा टेलिफोन आणि टेलिग्राफ प्रणाली व्यतिरिक्त टपाल प्रणालीवर देखरेख करते. काही देशांच्या पोस्टल सिस्टम बचत खाती आणि पासपोर्टसाठी अर्ज हाताळण्यास परवानगी देतात.
१८७४ मध्ये स्थापन झालेल्या युनिव्हर्सल पोस्टल युनियन मध्ये १९२ सदस्य देशांचा समावेश आहे आणि संयुक्त राष्ट्रांची एक विशेष एजन्सी म्हणून आंतरराष्ट्रीय मेल एक्सचेंजसाठी नियम सेट करते.
मौर्य साम्राज्य (३२२-१८५ BCE) अंतर्गत आर्थिक वाढ आणि राजकीय स्थैर्याने प्राचीन भारतातील नागरी पायाभूत सुविधांच्या निरंतर विकासाला चालना दिली. मौर्य लोकांनी सुरुवातीच्या काळात भारतीय मेल सेवा तसेच सार्वजनिक विहिरी, विश्रामगृहे आणि लोकांसाठी इतर सुविधा विकसित केल्या. डगना नावाचे सामान्य रथ काहीवेळा प्राचीन भारतात मेल रथ म्हणून वापरले जात होते. धावपटू आणि इतर वाहकांद्वारे माहिती वितरीत करण्यासाठी राजे आणि स्थानिक राज्यकर्त्यांद्वारे कुरिअरचा लष्करी वापर केला जात असे. पोस्टमास्टर, गुप्तचर सेवेचे प्रमुख, कुरिअर प्रणालीची देखभाल सुनिश्चित करण्यासाठी जबाबदार होते. कुरिअर्सचा वापर वैयक्तिक पत्रे वितरीत करण्यासाठी देखील केला जात असे.
दक्षिण भारतात, म्हैसूर राज्याच्या वोडेयार राजघराण्याने (१३९९-१९४७) हेरगिरीच्या उद्देशाने मेल सेवेचा वापर केला आणि त्याद्वारे मोठ्या अंतरावर घडलेल्या प्रकरणांशी संबंधित ज्ञान प्राप्त केले.
१८ व्या शतकाच्या अखेरीस भारतात टपाल व्यवस्था कार्यरत होती. नंतर या प्रणालीचे संपूर्ण आधुनिकीकरण झाले जेव्हा ब्रिटिश राजाने भारताच्या बहुतेक भागावर आपले नियंत्रण स्थापित केले. १८३७ च्या पोस्ट ऑफिस ऍक्ट XVII नुसार भारताच्या गव्हर्नर-जनरल इन कौन्सिलला ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनीच्या प्रदेशात भाड्याने देण्यासाठी पोस्टाने पत्रे पोहोचवण्याचा अनन्य अधिकार होता. काही अधिकाऱ्यांना हे मेल विनाशुल्क उपलब्ध होते, जे वर्षानुवर्षे एक वादग्रस्त विशेषाधिकार बनले. या आधारावर १ ऑक्टोबर १८३७ रोजी भारतीय पोस्ट ऑफिसची स्थापना करण्यात आली.
नर्मदा जयंती

नर्मदा जयंती ही हिंदू पंचांगाप्रमाणे माघ महिन्यातल्या शुक्ल सप्तमीला असते.
एकदा पृथ्वीवर दुष्काळ पडला आणि सर्व देव आणि माणसे त्रासून गेली. माणसांनी देवाना त्यांना या दुष्काळापासून वाचविण्याची विनंती केली.ब्रह्मदेव आणि विष्णू असे करण्यास असमर्थ ठरल्याने नंतर सर्वांनी भगवान शंकराला साकडे घातले. त्यानंतर शंकराच्या कपाळावर असलेले घामाचा थेंब हा जमिनीवर पडला आणि त्यातून एका नदीची निर्मिती झाली. ती एका सुंदर स्त्रीच्या रूपाने प्रकट झाल्याने तिच्यावर मोहित होवून तिच्यामागे देव धावू लागले परंतु शंकराने तिला 'नर्मदा' असे नाव दिले. भारतीय संस्कृती आणि धर्मात नर्मदा नदीला विशेष मान्यता आहे.
नर्मदा नदी ही शंकराच्या घामाच्या थेंबापासूनन उत्पन्न झाली आहे आणि देवांच्या हातून घडलेली पापे धुऊन काढण्यासाठी या नदीचे महत्त्व पौराणिक साहित्यात वर्णन केलेले आढळते.नर्मदा नदीच्या केवळ दर्शनानेच आपल्या हातून घडलेली सर्व पापे धुऊन जातात. या श्रद्धेमुळे अनेक भाविक नर्मदा नदीत स्नान करतात. मार्कंडेय ऋषी,अगस्त्य ऋषी यांच्यासारख्या तपस्वी व्यक्तींनी नर्मदेच्या किनारी साधना आणि तपाचरण केले आहे असे मानले जाते.
नर्मदा नदीचा प्रकट दिवस हा तिची जयंती म्हणून साजरा केला जातो. अमरकंटक या नर्मदा नदीच्या उगमस्थानी आणि मध्य प्रदेशातील अनेक अन्य ठिकाणी साजरी होते. होशंगाबाद येथील घाटांवर दिवसभर हा उत्सव साजरा होतो. नदीच्या घाटांवर अनेक भाविक दिवे लावतात आणि नदीच्या पात्रात सोडतात. यानिमित्ताने नर्मदेचे मंदिर सजविले जाते. साधू आणि संत या दिवशी नर्मदेच्या विविध घाटांवर यज्ञयाग करतात आणि सेवा करतात, पूजा करतात.
महाराष्ट्रातही ’नर्मदाप्रेम” संस्थेसारख्या काही संस्था हा दिवस व्याख्यानांनी साजरा करतात. याच दिवशी रथ सप्तमी असते.
साधी माणसे (चित्रपट)

साधी माणसे हा इ.स. १९६५मध्ये प्रकाशित भालजी पेंढारकर दिग्दर्शित मराठी चित्रपट आहे. यात जयश्री गडकर आणि चंद्रकांत मांढरे यांनी भूमिका केल्या होत्या.
आंधळी माणसे आणि हत्ती

आंधळे माणसे आणि हत्तीची बोधकथा ही आंधळ्यांच्या एका गटाची कथा आहे ज्यांना यापूर्वी कधीही हत्ती महित नसतो. त्यांना स्पर्श करून हत्ती कसा असतो ते शिकतात आणि ते कल्पना करतात. प्रत्येक आंधळ्या माणसाला हित्तीच्या शरीराचा वेगळा भाग, परंतु फक्त एक भाग, जाणवतो. त्यानंतर ते त्यांच्या मर्यादित अनुभवाच्या आधारे प्राण्याचे वर्णन करतात आणि हत्तीबद्दलची त्यांची वर्णने एकमेकांपेक्षा वेगळी असतात. बोधकथेचा नैतिक असा आहे की मानवांमध्ये त्यांच्या मर्यादित, व्यक्तिनिष्ठ अनुभवावर आधारित परिपूर्ण सत्याचा दावा करण्याची प्रवृत्ती आहे कारण ते इतर लोकांच्या मर्यादित, व्यक्तिनिष्ठ अनुभवांकडे दुर्लक्ष करतात जे तितकेच खरे असू शकतात.
ही बोधकथा प्राचीन भारतीय उपखंडात उद्भवली, जिथून ती मोठ्या प्रमाणावर पसरली आहे. बौद्ध ग्रंथ तिथ सुत्त, उडाना ६.४, खुदाका निकाया, या कथेच्या सुरुवातीच्या आवृत्तींपैकी एक आहे. तिथ सुत्त सुमारे c. 500 BCE, बुद्धाच्या जीवनकाळात होती. बोधकथेच्या इतर आवृत्त्यांमध्ये अंधळ्यां एवजी अंधारी रात्र किंवा डोळ्यांवर पट्टी बांधलेली लोक आहे आणी हत्तीएवजी एखादा मोठा पुतळा आहे.
मराठी माणसे, मराठी मने

मराठी माणसे, मराठी मने हा प्रल्हाद केशव अत्रे यांनी लिहलेला व्यक्तिचित्रांचा संग्रह आहे. या पुस्तकात आचार्य अत्र्यांनी विविध नामवंत व्यक्तींची ओळख करून देणारे लेख लिहले आहेत. मुंबईच्या परचुरे प्रकाशन मंदिराने हे पुस्तक प्रसिद्ध केलेले आहे.
या पुस्तकात एकूण १२ लेख असून त्यांची अनुक्रमे सूची पुढीलप्रमाणे-
१. नाना शंकरशेट - मुंबईचे अनभिषिक्त सम्राट२. बाळशास्त्री जांभेकर - राष्ट्रजागृतीचे अग्रदूत३. महात्मा ज्योतिराव फुले - उपेक्षितांचा पहिला पुढारी४. लोकमान्य बाळ गंगाधर टिळक - गीतेचे कर्मयोगी भाष्यकार५. धोंडो केशव कर्वे - महिलांचे उद्धारकर्ते महर्षी६. पंडिता रमाबाई - कुशाग्र बुद्धीची महत्त्वाकांक्षी महिला७. गाडगे महाराज - महाराष्ट्राचे समाजवादी संत८. स्वातंत्र्यवीर वि. दा. सावरकर - भारतीय क्रांतिकारकांचे कुलपुरुष९. नाट्यछटाकार दिवाकर - मानवी कारुण्याचा शाहीर१०. आचार्य विनोबा भावे - भारताचा द्रष्ट महापुरुष११. डॉ. भीमराव आंबेडकर - महाराष्ट्राचा तेजस्वी ज्ञानयोगी१२. साने गुरुजी - महाराष्ट्राचे 'बालविकासी' फूल
Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India

The constitutional provisions in India on the subject of distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States are defined primarily under its articles 245 and 246. The Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India specifies the allocation of powers and functions between the Union and the State legislatures. It embodies three lists; namely, the Union List, the State List, and the Concurrent List. The Union list enumerates a total of 97 subjects over which the power of the Union parliament extends. Similarly, the State list enumerates a total of 66 subjects for state legislation. The schedule also spells out a Concurrent list embodying a total of 47 subjects on which both the Union parliament and the state legislatures are empowered to legislate, though this is subject to the other provisions of the constitution that give precedence to the union legislation over that of the states.
In addition to demarcating the subjects of Union legislation from those of the states, Article 248 of the constitution also envisages residual powers not contemplated in either of the Union or State lists for the Union. It provides, “The Union Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or the State List.” Additionally, the constitution also empowers the Union parliament via clause 4 of the Article 246 to legislate for the Union territories on all subjects, including those enumerated in the State list.
The Union List is a list of 99 (originally 97) subjects numbered items as provided in the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India. The Union Government or Parliament of India has exclusive power to legislate on matters relating to these items. This list is divided into legislative/general part (entries 1 to 81) and taxation part (entries 82 to 92C) General part pertains to non taxation issues and taxation part pertains to only application of taxes. These are:
General:
Taxation:
The State List is a list of 61 (originally 66) subjects in the Schedule Seven to the Constitution of India. The respective state governments have exclusive power to legislate on matters relating to these items. This list is divided into legislative/general part (entries 1 to 45) and taxation part (entries 46 to 63). General part pertains to non taxation issues and taxation part pertains to only application of taxes. The 66 items currently on the list are:
General:
Taxation:
This list includes items which are under joint domain of the Union as well as the respective States. There were 47 Subjects but now it has 52 subjects. The 47 items currently on the list are: