davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
United Romanian Breweries Bereprod

United Romanian Breweries Bereprod (URBB), cunoscută ca Tuborg România, este o companie producătoare de bere și sucuri din România. Compania a fost fondată in 1994 și deține o fabrică de tip greenfield deschisă în 1997 în orașul Pantelimon de lângă București.
Compania daneză Carlsberg Group, deținătorul mărcilor de bere Carlsberg și Tuborg, a fost acționar minoritar cu 24% până în 2017, atât la URBB cât și la cealaltă companie din grup, Carlsrom Beverage Co. Carlsberg a vândut pachetele de acțiuni către acționarul majoritar, compania Central Bottling Company Ltd, partenerul Carlsberg din Israel.
URBB deține în portofoliu exclusiv mărci internaționale, respectiv producător al mărcilor Tuborg, Carlsberg, Holsten, SKOL și băuturilor răcoritoare Granini și imporator al mărcilor de bere Guinness, Kilkenny, Weihenstephaner, Grimbergen, Kronenbourg 1664 Blanc, Angelo Poretti și marca de cidru Somersby.
Compania deține o capacitate de producție de aproximativ 2 milioane hectolitri pe an. URBB a avut în 2015 un volum de 8% din piața românească de bere.
KiK

KiK, legal KiK Textilien und Non-Food GmbH, este o rețea de magazine discount care comercializează textile cu sediul în Bönen, Germania.
KiK este cel mai mare lanț de magazine discount de textile din Germania și operează aproximativ 3.500 de magazine în Germania, Austria (din 1998), Slovenia și Republica Cehă (din 2007), Ungaria și Slovacia (din 2008), Croația (din 2011), Polonia (din martie 2012) și Olanda (2013). În 2017, KiK a deschis primele magazine în Italia, iar în 2018, în România.În prezent, in România are deschise 117 magazine CEO-ul KiK, Patrick Zahn, a anunțat că va intra pe piața americană începând cu 2019. Primele magazine vor fi deschise în Midwest.
Miss Platnum

Miss Platnum (născută Ruth Maria Renner; n. 27 septembrie 1980, Timișoara, România), cunoscută anterior ca Platnum, este o cântăreață româno-germană, compozitoare și muziciană. În prezent a semnat cu Virgin Records din Germania.
Platnum s-a născut în Timișoara, România, într-o familie mixtă germano-română, în 1980. La vârsta de opt ani, familia ei s-a mutat în Berlinul de Vest, unde s-a dus la școală în Berlin-Lichterfelde. Mai târziu, ea a luat lecții de canto cu Jocelyn B. Smith și a lucrat ca o cântăreață de fundal pentru Moabeat.
După succesul minor cu albumul de debut, Rock me, care a fost lansat pe 31 ianuarie 2005 la Berlin, la casa de discuri Sonar Kollektiv, Platnum a lansat al doilea album, Chefa, în mai 2007, sub noul ei nume de artist Miss Platnum. Produs de Die Krauts, albumul s-a distins printr-un amestec de hip-hop, soul, R&B, pop și elemente muzicale românești. Primul său hit, Give Me the Food, a ajuns pe locul 20 în Romanian Singles Chart, și a intrat pe locul 63 în German Singles Chart.
Farfurie

Farfuria (din limba turcă: fağfuri, limba neogreacă: farfuri, numită popular și blid, talger, tipsie) este un obiect de faianță, de porțelan etc, de obicei de formă rotundă, cu marginile puțin ridicate și cu fundul plat sau adâncit, în care se servește mâncarea. Primele farfurii erau făcute din lut, la fel cum mai toate vasele la acea vreme erau făcute din lut ars. Mai târziu au apărut și farfuriile din argint și aur, iar în prezent farfuriile pot fi făcute chiar și din materiale precum oțelul inox.
Farfuriile sunt folosite în general pentru reținerea de mâncăruri lichide sau semilichide care nu au garnituri care manevrate greșit cu furculița și cuțitul ar vărsa conținutul lichid al mâncării. Spre exemplu, o supă sau ciorbă ar putea fi servite atât dintr-o farfurie cât și dintr-un castron, pe când o mâncare cu mult sos ar fi mai ușor servită dintr-un castron.
În restaurante se preferă folosirea exclusivă a farfuriilor, acestea dând un aspect mai elegant mâncării și sunt mai ușor de manevrat.
Farfuriile sunt adesea decorate cu diverse modele, motive tradiționale, sunt inscripționate sau uneori chiar pictate. Astfel de farfurii au început să fie colectate și păstrate ca obiecte decorative în secolul al XIX-lea. Astfel de farfurii de obicei comemorează un loc sau un eveniment dar pot prezenta și motive tradiționale aleatorii (exemple se găsesc în cele românești dar și chinezești).
Iată mai jos o galerie cu astfel de farfurii decorative:
Urs de mămăligă

Ursul (sau bulzul, boț, gâscă sau cocoloș) de mămăligă este o mâncare specifică românească, prețuită de păstori, preparată din mămăligă bine fiartă și brânză sau urdă. Din mămăligă se pune o bucată zdravănă pe o farfurie, se face cu o lingură de lemn o scobitură care se umple cu brânză sau urdă. Se adună marginile bucății de mămăligă dându-se formă rotundă și se coace pe jar, la grătar sau în cuptor. Se poate mânca alături de lapte, diferite salate de crudități sau carne friptă.
Dromihete

Dromihete (sau Dromichaetes; greaca veche: Δρομιχαίτης) a fost conducătorul geților de pe ambele maluri ale Dunării (în prezent în România si Bulgaria) în jurul anului 300 î.Hr.
Cronicarii antici (Diodorus Siculus, Polybius, Plutarch, Pausanias) au consemnat victoria geților conduși de Dromihete împotriva lui Lysimachus, Regele Traciei, fost general al lui Alexandru Macedon. Lisimah organizează în anul 300 î.Hr. o expediție împotriva lui Dromihete, care sprijinise lupta coloniilor elene de pe litoralul Mării Negre. Campania condusă de Agatocle, fiul lui Lisimah, se încheie cu un eșec total: armata elenistică este înfrântă iar Agatocle făcut prizonier.
Opt ani mai târziu, Lisimah conduce personal o nouă ofensivă în ținuturile din nordul Dunării. Undeva în Câmpia Munteană, armata lui Lisimah cade în cursă, monarhul fiind făcut prizonier și dus la Helis, cetatea de scaun a lui Dromihete.
Remarcabil la Dromihete a fost diplomația sa. După ce l-a capturat pe Lysimachus (în 292), Dromihete a făcut un festin simbolic pentru acesta si generalii săi. Ei au fost tratați cu cea mai buna mâncare servită în farfurii de aur, în timp ce geții au mancat modest, în vase de lemn. Mesajul care se dorea a fi transmis de Dromihete era: "Daca aveti toate bogatiile acestea la voi in Macedonia, de ce vreti sa veniti la noi si sa ne cuceriti?" In cele din urmă Lysimachus a fost eliberat si i s-au oferit daruri generoase, pacea dintre geți si macedoneni fiind întărită prin mariajul dintre Dromihete și fiica lui Lysimachus.
Castron

Castronul, numit și supieră, mai rar și caserolă, reprezintă un vas de bucătărie cu fund adânc în care se servesc de obicei mâncărurile care sunt compuse atât din ingrediente lichide cât și solide, precum ciorbele și supele. Este o alternativă la farfurie.
Castronul pare să vină din franțuzescul casserole deși nu se știe cum s-a ajuns de la caserolă la forma actuală, castron. Alte cuvinte corespondente mai sunt kastrol în limba poloneză, kastrjolja în limba rusă, castrola în limba sârbă.
List of ISO 639-2 codes

ISO 639 is a set of international standards that lists short codes for language names. The following is a complete list of three-letter codes defined in part two (ISO 639-2) of the standard, including the corresponding two-letter (ISO 639-1) codes where they exist.
Where two ISO 639-2 codes are given in the table, the one with the asterisk is the bibliographic code (B code) and the other is the terminological code (T code).
Entries in the Scope column distinguish:
The Type column distinguishes:
The standard includes some codes for special situations:
*Synonyms for terminology applications (ISO 639-2/T) and for *bibliographic applications (ISO 639-2/B)
Salad dressing

A salad dressing is a sauce for salads, used on virtually all leafy salads. Dressings may also be used in preparing salads of beans (e.g., three bean salad), noodle or pasta salads and antipasti, and forms of potato salad. A dressing may even be made for fruit salads. Salad dressings can be drizzled over a salad, added and tossed with the ingredients, or offered "on the side". The functionality of some of these sauces has been extended, meaning they can be served as a dip (as with crudités or chicken wings).
In Western culture, there are two basic types of salad dressing:
In the United States, buttermilk-based ranch dressing is the most popular, with vinaigrettes and Caesar-style dressing following close behind.
Some salad dressings include:
Carrot salad

Carrot salad is a salad made with carrots. Recipes for carrot salad vary widely by regional cuisine. Shredded carrot is often used. Shredded carrot salads are often used as a topping for other dishes.
"Carrot raisin salad" is a traditional dish in the Southern United States. Grated carrot is mixed with raisins, mayonnaise dressing, granulated sugar, salt and black pepper.
In Brazilian cuisine, churrasco service often includes potato salad and carrot salad made with mayonnaise, raw onion, green peas, sweetcorn or sometimes chayote squashes.
The Koryo-saram, ethnic Koreans in the post-Soviet Union states, popularized spicy pickled carrot salad, known throughout the Soviet Union as Korean-style carrots. It is said to have been unknown in South Korea until recently, but has gained an international following and is served in many cafeterias throughout the CIS where it is also sold in supermarkets, and featured regularly as a side dish on dinner tables and at holiday feasts set by many ethnicities of the former Soviet Union.
In Russia, doner kebab often includes carrot salad as an accompaniment to the meat.
In India, carrot salads are often made with grated carrots are cooked with mustard seeds and green chillies in hot oil.
In Bulgarian cuisine a salad with carrots and cabbage is traditional.
Carrot salad is eaten across the Middle East most commonly by mixing carrots with parsley and lemon juice.
Surówka z Marchewki is a Polish cuisine carrot salad made with carrots, Granny Smith apple, lemon juice, sunflower oil or vegetable oil, salt, and sugar.
In France, carottes râpées (or salade de carottes râpées) is a grated carrot salad made with whole-grain mustard.
Houria is a cooked, and often mashed, carrot salad in Tunisian cuisine.
In Morocco, carrot salad is made by mixing cooked carrots with lemon juice and cumin and oftentimes herbs and garlic.
Macedonia is a dish that was represented in the 1940s and 1950s in north Africa and Québec (Québec City especially) with cans "de la macédoine" of diced carrots and peas.
Pinewoods Camp

Pinewoods Camp is a traditional dance and music camp located on 31 acres (13 ha) of woodland between Long Pond and Round Pond in Plymouth, Massachusetts. It is the oldest continuously run folk dance camp in the U.S., and is arguably the most popular and well-known camp of its type.
Initially known as "Pine Tree Camp", Pinewoods was founded in 1919 by Helen Osborne Storrow as the first National Girl Scout Leadership Training School. In 1933, the facility was converted for use as a dance camp. The name was changed to Pinewoods Camp in 1935. Storrow died in 1944, and left the property to Lily and Rick Conant, who operated the property until 1976. At that time, the Conants transferred its ownership to a newly created nonprofit organization, Pinewoods Camp, Inc., that now runs the facility. Pinewoods was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
Each summer, Pinewoods Camp hosts over a dozen sessions, some of which are a week long, and others of which take place over a weekend. Each session features music and dancing educational programs for adults and is run by one of five Program Providers:
Pinewoods has played a central role in the development of country dance traditions in the United States.
Pinewoods's facilities include four open-sided dance pavilions (Hands Across, Pine Hollow, Ampleforth and Newbiggin), a dining hall and kitchen, a camp house, and rustic cabins for up to 140 campers (plus offices, staff housing, and support facilities). Three of the pavilions and the dining hall were renovated as part of a recent capital campaign and are handicapped accessible, although some other facilities are not.
List of Food Wars! Shokugeki no Soma episodes

The Food Wars!: Shokugeki no Soma anime television series is produced by J.C.Staff and directed by Yoshitomo Yonetani, the series was first announced in October 2014 by Shueisha. The series was broadcast in Japan on TBS from April 4 to September 26, 2015, with additional broadcasts on MBS, CBC, BS-TBS, and Animax. The video streaming service Crunchyroll simulcast the series with English subtitles to the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Latin America, Europe (excluding French speaking territories and Italian speaking territories), the Middle East, and North Africa. Sentai Filmworks licensed the series for digital and home video distribution in North America. A second season named Food Wars! Shokugeki no Soma The Second Plate aired from July 2 to September 24, 2016. The first cour of the third season, titled Food Wars! Shokugeki no Soma: The Third Plate, aired from October 4 to December 20, 2017. The second half aired from April 9 to June 25, 2018. A fourth season entitled Food Wars! Shokugeki no Soma: The Fourth Plate aired from October 12 to December 28, 2019. A fifth and final season entitled Food Wars! Shokugeki no Soma: The Fifth Plate aired from April 11 to September 26, 2020.
Opening theme
Ending themes
Africa Rising Cycling Center

Africa Rising Cycling Center ni urugo rw'amagare rwa Team Rwanda kandi kubera ubwiyongere mu bunini ubu dufite ubushobozi bwo kwakira no guhugura abanyonzi benshi bo mu Rwanda, ubu ibindi bihugu bya Afurika byohereza abakora imyitozo yo ku rwego rwo hejuru kandi icyi kigo kizaba ihuriro ryi terambere rya magare ny'afurika.
UBUCUKUZI BWA MABUYE YAGACIRO MURI RWAMAGANA

Ku wa 27 Ugushyingo 2018, Polisi y’u Rwanda ikorera mu karere ka Rwamagana yasabye abacukura amabuye y’agaciro ya ‘Gasegereti’ mu murenge wa Mwurire, kwirinda ibyaha cyane cyane ubujurura bugaragara muri uyu murenge kandi bagatanga amakuru ku bo bakeka ko babugiramo uruhare.
Ni nyuma y’uko mu murenge wa Mwurire hamaze iminsi hagaragara ibikorwa bihungabanya umutekano birimo ubujura bw’amatungo magufi, gucukura amazu y’ubucuruzi no gushikuza abantu ibyabo, abaturage bagashyira mu majwi abakora mu birombe.
Nk’uko tubikesha Polisi y’u Rwanda, ibi bivugwa ko biraturuka ku mubare munini w’abantu bava mu bice bitandukanye bahuriye muri uyu murenge baje gucukura amabuye y’agaciro ku buryo haba harimo n’abanyangeso mbi bagira uruhare muri ibyo bikorwa bihungabanya umutekano.
Ubwo umuyobozi wa Polisi mu karere ka Rwamagana Superintendent (SP) James Rutaremara yaganiraga n’abasaga 400 bakora ubucukizi bw’amabuye ya gasegereti mu murenge wa Mwurire, yabasabye kwirinda ingeso mbi zishobora guhungabanya umutekano no gutamaza abashobora kuba bafite bene izo ngeso.
Agakiriro ka Rwamagana

Agakiriro kagezweho mu Karere ka Rwamagana kubatse mu murenge wa Kigabiro, akagali ka Cyanya, kagizwe n’abanyamuryango bafitemo imigabane 94, iyo wongeyeho abahakorera bihoraho na ba nyakabyizi n'abaza kuhashaka ubuzima buri munsi bose barenga magana abiri 200, ibyo abaturage bagaragaza ko ubu biri kubafasha mu kwihutisha iterambere.
Mubihe byabanje Akarere ka Rwamagana kari gafite ikibazo cy'agacuriro gato cyane maze bikangamira abakora ubukorikori, ububaji, ubusuderi n’abandi bo mu mujyi wa Rwamagana kuko byabasabaga kujya gukorera imirimo yabo ahandi. Ubu kamaze kuvugururwa, hubatswe hangari nini cyane eshatu. Iya mbere ni ubwumishirizo bw’imbaho, hangari zindi ebyiri zikoreramo abakora imirimo y’ubukorikori, iy’ububaji, gusudira no kudoda.
Muri aka gakiriro kandi ntihakorerwa imirimo yo kubaza no gukora ibijyendanye n’ubukorikori gusa, ahubwo haba harimo n’urubyiruko rutandukanye ruri kwiga imyuga igendanye n’ibihakorerwa.
Mbarushimana Thierry ukorera umwuga w’ububaji mu gakiriro ka Rwamagana, agira ati; ibintu byacu biba bifite umutekano kandi umwe akigira ku wundi kurusha uko buri wese yabaga akorera hirya no hino dutatanye.
Uruganda RWANDABEV Ltd

uruganda RWANDABEV Ltd ni uruganda rusanzwe rutanga ibinyobwa aho rutunganya ikinyobwa kizwi nka Umuneza, Rwenga inzoga y’umwimerere w’iwacu mu rutoki aho rukorera mu Karere ka Bugesera Umurenge wa Ntarama mu intara y'iburasirazuba bw'igihugu cyu Rwanda .
uruganda RWANDABEV Ltd ni uru ruganda rwashinzwe mu rwego rwo kwiteza imbere dore ko uwarushinze hari muri gahunda y'igihugu cyacu gishishikariza abantu kwihangira umurimo, kikaba gishyigikiye ibikorerwa mu Rwanda by’akarusho igihugu gishyigikiye iterambere ry’abari n'abategarugori.
JADF muri Bugesera

JADF muri Bugesera ni umufatanyabikorwa wihariye mu iterambere ry'akarere ka Bugesera mbese, JADF mu Karere ka Bugesera niwe utegura imurikabikorwa rikunze kumara hafi iminsi itatu aho riba ryateguwe n’abafatanyabikorwa b’Akarere ka Bugesera JADF, aho intego nyamukuru ikaba ari ukugaragaza uruhare rwa JADF mu Iterambere ry’Akarere ka Bugesera.
JADF muri Bugesera niyo itegura imurikagurisha ni imurikabikorwa ryitabiriwe n’abafatanyabikorwa bagera kuri 60 muri 75 Akarere ka Bugesera gafite bakora mu bice bitandukanye by’ubuzima, harimo abakora mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi, ubuzima, uburezi, ubugeni, ubuhinzi, ubworozi n’ibindi byinshi .
Gahunda yogukumira Abantu Kwiyahura

Kwiyahura bifitanye isano no kwiheba kandi kwiheba ni ikimeneyetso cy’ikibazo cyo mu mutwe kijyanye n’imitekerereze umuntu aba afite. Umuntu ugiye kwiyahura ubusanzwe abanza gutekereza ko kuba ariho ntacyo bimumariye noneho akumva ko kutabaho aribyo byiza.
Nibura buri kwezi,mumyaka yashize abantu 100 bagerageza kwiyahura. Urwego rw’Ubugenzacyaha ruherutse kugaragaza ko mu myaka ibiri ishize, abantu 576 biyahuye mu Rwanda.Inyubako iherereye mu Murenge wa Kimisagara, imaze no kumenyekana mu bundi buryo mu minsi yashize, cyane cyane nyuma y’uko hatangiye kubera ibikorwa by’abantu biyahurirayo abandi bakabigerageza, bamwe bakahasiga ubuzima abandi bakarokoka rwahize.Umuyobozi ariko yavuze ko bashyizeho ingamba zirimo kongera umutekano n’ubugenzuzi bugamije gushaka abashobora kugira umutima wo kwiyahura, kandi ko izi ngamba zatanze umusaruro mwiza.Umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe Ubuvuzi bw’Indwara zo mu mutwe mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuzima, RBC,yavuzeko ko umuntu wiyahuye kenshi aba afite ikibazo cyo kwiheba, kandi ugasanga akimaranye igihe ku buryo yakabaye yaritaweho mbere.
INAMA Y' IGIHUGU Y' ABANTU BAFITE UBUMUGA

Inama y' igihugu y' abantu bafite ubumuga ni urwego rwa leta rwigenga, rureberera abafite ubumuga mu Rwanda rukagira inzego z' imitegekere kandi rukagenzurwa na guverinoma.
Inama y' igihugu y' abantu bafite ubumuga igize na abantu bose bafite ubumuga.
Mu Rwanda inama y' iguhuguy' abantu bafite ubumuga igizwe n' inzego 3 zikurikira:
inama y' igihugu y' abantu bafite ubumuga igira inshingano nyinshi ariko zikubiye mu 10 zingenzi:
Inama y' igihugu y' abantu bafite ubumuga igira ibikorwa byinshu byibanda kugutezimbere abafite ubumuga harimo kumenya imibare y' abantu bafite ubumuga mu Rwanda, kumenya ubuko bw' ubumuga abanyamuryango bafite, kumenya no kugena ibikenewe nki insimburangingo n' inyunganirangingo no' ubuvuzi bw' abafite ubumuga.
Inama y' igihugu y' abantu bafite ubumuga mu Rwanda yatangije ibarura rusange ry' abantu bafite ubumuga mu Rwanda rigamije kumenya umubare w' abafite ubumuga, ubwoko bw' ubumuga bafite naho baherereye.
hashingiwe ku ibarura rusange ryo mu mwaka wa 2022 ryagaragaje ko abafite ubumuga mu Rwanda bagera kuri 3,4% by' abaturage bose bivuzeko ari 391.775 muri aba abagore basaga ibihimbi 216 naho abagabo ni ibihumbi 174 n' imisago, akarereka Nyagatare kaza ku isinga mukugira umubare munini w' abafite ubumuga gakurikirwa na akarere ka Gasabo naho Nyarugenge niyo ifite umubare muto w' abantu bafite ubumuga aho ifite abasaga ibihumbi 8.
Ibarura ry' uyu mwaka biteganyijweko rizagaragaza imibare mpamo y' abantu bafite ubumuga mu Rwanda ndetse n' amakuru yose aberekeyeho kuko inama y' igihugu y' abantu bafite ubumuga yatangaje ko hazifashishwa ikoranabuhanga muri iri barura rikazamara amezi 4 guhera muri Ukuboza 2023.
Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo

Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (izina mu gifaransa : République démocratique du Congo) n’igihugu cya Afurika yo Hagati kiri epfo ya Repubulika ya Kongo. Cyahoze cyitwa Kongo Kinshasa. Umurwa mukuru w'icyo gihugu witwa Kinshasa, hatuwe mo abantu bangana na miliyoni icumi zirenga. Icyo gihugu gifite imijyi myinshi ndetse n'intara nyinshi. Ibihugu bifite imipaka na Kongo-Kinshasa ni Repubulika y'Afurika yo hagati na Sudani y'Epfo mu majyaruguru, Ubugande, U Rwanda, Uburundi na Tanzaniya mu uburasirazuba, Zambiya na Angola mu majyepfo, ndetse na Repubulika ya Kongo mu uburengerazuba. Kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana gishize, hariho abantu bangana na miliyoni umunani bapfuye kubera intambara yatangiye hafi ya 1997. Perezida uhobora icyo gihugu yitwa Félix Tshisekedi. Muri Repubilika iharanira demokarasi ya Kongo, havugwa indimi enye, igiswahili, ikilingala, ikiciluba n'ikikongo, ariko kugirango abanyekongo babyumvikane ururimi ruvugwa cyane cyane n'igifaransa. Kera, icyo gihugu cyakolonijwe n'Ababiligi kugeza igihe cyabonye ubwigenge bwe mu mwaka wa 1960. Mu mwaka wa 1971, Mobutu Sese Seko wahoboraga icyo gihugu kuva imyaka itandatu, yahinduye izina rya Repubulika iharanira ya Kongo ku izina rya Zayire. Ariko, imyaka makumyabiri n'itanu nyuma yo uko Mobutu ahindura iryo zina, ingabo za Kabila (se wa Joseph) bakoze coup d'État mu gihe Mobutu yabaga mu gihugu cya Maroc mu bitaro, mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1997. Icyo gihe rero, bahita bahindura izina ku irya kera nyuma y'ubwigenge muri 1960.
Abantu n'ahantu hibasiwe cyane

Abantu benshi bibasiwe n’imihindagurikire y'ibihe, bizwi ku magambo ahinnye ya MAPA, ni ijambo ryerekana amatsinda n’uturere byibasiwe cyane n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, nk'abagore, imiryango y'abasangwabutaka, amoko mato, LGBTQ + abantu b'abakuze nabato na bakene hamwe nisi yepfo . Ijambo nigitekerezo bifitanye isano no guhuza . Aba baturage bafite uruhare runini mu kwangiza imyuka ya karubone n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere . By'umwihariko, hamwe no kwiyongera kw’inzego z’ibanze zari zifite intego y’ubutabera bw’ikirere - nko ku wa gatanu w'ejo hazaza, Ende Gelände cyane kwigomeka ku kuzimangana - guhuza ayo matsinda mu rwego rw'ubutabera bw'ikirere byabaye ngombwa. Ijambo ubusanzwe rikundwa nabaharanira imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku bitekerezo bishaje nko mu majyepfo y’isi .
YELLOW NECKED SPURFOWL

Inyandikorugero:Speciesbox
Yellow necked spurfowl( Pternistis leucoscepus ) ni ubwoko bw'inyoni mu muryango Phasianidae . Iboneka muri Djibouti, Eritereya, Etiyopiya, Kenya, Somaliya, Sudani, Tanzaniya, na Uganda . Ubu bwoko bwiswe ibara ry'umuhondo riboneka ku ijosi. Inyoni z'ingabo murubu bwokoo bwagaragaye ko bufite spurs inyuma yamaguru.
ubu bwoko bw'inyoni bufite ijosi ry'umuhondo bwa sobanuwe mu 1867 n’umuhanga mu bijyanye n’imyororokere w’umwongereza George Robert Gray maze ahabwa izina rya binomial Francolinus leucoscepus . ikomoka muri etiyopiya Ubu bwoko bwashyizwe mu bwoko bwa Pternistis bwatangijwe n’umudage w’umudage witwa Johann Georg Wagler mu 1832.
Ibice bibiri byamenyekanye:
ni inyoni kandi izwiho gutora mugitondo na nimugoroba . Inyoni nayo izwiho guhuza n'imiterere, irashobora gukomeza gutura mubutaka nyuma yubuhinzi butangiye, buva mubutaka mugihe imirimo myinshi yabantu itangiye.
ubu bwoko bw'inyoni bugera kuri birindwi murukurikirane. Ibiguruka byumuhondo byijosi byumuhondo bikunze guhamagara bihagaze hejuru yimisozi yisi cyangwa urutare, akenshi ibirunga byigihe gito .
izi nyoni zifite ijosi ry'umuhondo ntago zifatwa nk'inyoni zoroshya (nubwo batujuje ibisabwa) inyoni zo mumuryango wazo zitekerezako ko nubwo kitari ku muvuduko wihuse. Iterabwoba ryibanze ku bwoko ni uguhiga birenze.
Uducurama

ubusnzwe agacurama ini agakoko kabarirwa mutunyamabere tuguruka ni agakoko kadakunda kugaragara kumanwa cyane
kuko bivugwako aribwo kaba gasinziriye.ubu bwoko bw'inyamanswa bwari bwarateye Impungenge ko bwari bwarazimiye
ndetse mumwaka wa 2021 umuryango mpuza mahanga wita kurusobe rw'ibinyabuzima uzwi nka IUCN wari waradushyize
kurutonde rw' inyamanswa zishobora kuzimira burundu kw'Isi hose kuko hari hashize imyaka isaga 40 ntawuraca agacurama iryera
nyuma y'imyaka 40 hariho impungenge yuko ubu bwoko bwizi nyamanswa z'inyamabere butazongera kuboneka mu Rwanda
nahandi kw'Isi. uzwi nka John Flanders uyobora umuryango mpuzamahanga urengera ubu bwoko bwinyamanswa ziri
munyamabere yatangaje ko kongera kuvumbura iz' Inyamanswa ari ibyagaciro kuriwe ndetse nitsinda bakorana mu Rwanda
kuva muri 2013 uyu muryango ufatanya nurwgo rw'Igihugu rushinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda RDB ndetse n'ishyirahamwe
nyarwanda rishinzwe kurengera ibinyabuzima mubushakashatsi bwo mwishyamba rya Nyungwe
muri 2019 nyuma yiminsi 10 bari mubushakashatsi mubuvumo bwa nyugwe butandukanye nibwo aba bahanga
baje kuvumbura ubu bwoko bw'inyamabere bufite imisurire nkiy'agacurama. gusa byabasabye imyaka 3 kugirango
bagenzure neza ubu bwoko bushya bwavumbuwe babona kwemeza ko aribyo.
abahanga bavugako uducurama muturemangingo tutugize harimo uturemangingo tudutera imbaraga
zo kwirinda virus iyo ariyo yose yica kuburyo dushobora kuyandura ariko ntidupfe kuko utwo turemangingo
tuduha ubwirinzi budasanzwe burinda izinyamanswa kwibasirwa na Virus zica
umushakashatsi Prof Emma Teeling wo muri Kaminuza ya college Dublin avugako utwo turemangingo
twizi nyamanswa dufite ubudahangarwa bwo guhangana numubiri byafasha kandi mubuzima bwa muntu
mugukoresha ubudahangarwa bw'ibinyabuzima mugukora imiti imwe nimwe yo kwirinda Virus zitandukanye nka COVID19
nizindi.
Imyambaro

Ipantaro ni umwambaro wambarwaga n'abagabo mu bihe byo hambere.Ipantaro yageze mu Rwanda bwa mbere mu mwaka wa 1960. Uyu mwambaro wagenewe igitsina gabo ubusanzwe wambarwa ku gice cyo hepfo ku mubiri w'umuntu uvanyeho igice cyambikwa inkweto. mbere y'uko abagabo bambara amapantaro bambaraga amakanzu,imikenyero cyangwa imyitero.Ipantaro ni ubumwe bw'amapantaro.
Imyambaro yatangiye gukorwa bwa mbere na mbere ubwo Imana yashakaga kwambika Adamu na Eva mu busitani bwa Edeni bamaze ku kumenya ko bambaye ubusa.Iyo myambaro yambawe ku nshuro ya mbere yakozwe mu ruhu rw'inyamaswa.Imana yabambitse igice cy'epfo cy'umubiri kugirango ihishe ubwambure (imyanya y'ibanga) bwabo.Kuva icyo gihe, ni bwo kwambara byatangiye ku kiremwa muntu.
1.Ishati: Ni umwambaro wambarwa n'igitsina gabo ctangwa gore ku gice cyo hejuru cy'umubiri. ishati y'umugabo n'umugore bitandukanira ku midoderwe. Ishati ishobora kugira amaboko maremare cyangwa magufi.
2.Ikabutura: Ni umwambaro ujya kumera nk'ipantaro ariko ukaba ugarukira hasi gato cyangwa hejuru y'amavi. Ikabutura yambarwa n'ibitsina byombi.
3.Imikenyero n'imyitero: Ni imyambaro ikoreshwa n'igitsina gore ku gice cyo hasi(imikenyero) n'icyo hejuru (imyitero). Iyi myambaro ishobora gukoresha n'igitsina gabo.
Imyambaro Nyarwanda

Imyambaro Nyarwanda ni ukuvuga kuva kera na kare, Abanyarwanda bahoze bambara neza bakikwiza. Hari abakeka ko kwambara byazanywe n’abanyamahanga ubwo bageraga mu Rwanda rwahambere, ariko kwambara ni igikorwa Abanyarwanda bakoraga na mbere y’umwaduko w’abakoloni.
Imyamabro kera byashingiraga ku kigero cy’imyaka umuntu afite, uko akura ava mu bwana, ubwoko bw’umwambaro we bukagenda buhinduka gutyo gutyo, Umuntu yatangiraga kwambara afite imyaka 10 Imyambaro yo hambere yabaga ikozwe mu impu zikomoka ku nyamaswa n’ibishishwa by’ibiti .
Imyambaro yohambere ibyo yakorwagamo

imyambaro yo hambere yabaga ikozwe mu mpu n'ibiti, abanyarwanda bohambere bakoresheje ubwenge bwabo mukurema imyambaro mubishishwa by'ibiti n'impu zikomoka kunyamaswa zitandukanye. nubwo nanganda zabagaho icyo gihe, abanyarwanda bari bafite uburyo bwa gakondo bwogukoramo imyambaro ijyanye n'umuco wabo, kandi bakambara bakaberwa. imyambaro myinshi abantu bambara mbere yavaga mu mpu zinyamaswa cyangwa mubishishwa byibiti nkomubivumu cyangwa mubivovo by'insina , aho niho abanyarwanda bakuraga imyambaro.[1]
ingimbi zambaraga imyenda bitaga uruyonga rwabaga rukozwe muruhu, naho abasore nabagabo bambaraga uruhu rwinyana, abagorebo bakambara inkanda n'ibicirane, abami n'abatware bambaraga imyambaro ikozwe mu ruhu rw'ingwe kuko ari inyamaswa ikomeye mukugaragaza icyubahiro cyabo,usibye imyambaro yoguhisha ubwambure, abanyarwanda bambaraga imitako ku mubiri bagamije kurimba gusa.[2]
1.https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/amateka-y-imyambaro-mu-rwanda
2.https://www.igihe.com/twinigure/ubibona-ute/article/ese-koko-mu-rwanda-rwo-hambere-ntibambaraga
Kumesa by'akera

Isabune zakoreshwaga kera m'ubanyarwanda bari bafite uburyo babona isabune yo gukaraba no kumesa imyambaro yabo, dore ko kera bambaraga imyambaro ikoze mu mpu no mu bindi bibohwa nk'ibiti .
Isabune bakarabaga, yabaga ikozwe mu cyatsi kitwa Ikibumbaburimi, intobo z’imitobotobo n’ivu, ndetse hari ubundi buryo bakoreshaga ngo babone isabune, na bwo bwarazimye kuko hadutse inganda nyinshi zikora isabune z’isuku n’amavuta yo kwisiga.
Igororero rya Nsinda

Igororero rya Nsinda riherereye mu akarere ka Rwamagana mu intara y'iburasirazuba hano mu u Rwanda aho bita insinda rikaba rigororerwamo abantu bigitsina gabo bakoze ibyaha bitandukanye kugirango abe ariho barangiriza ibihano.
Umuyobozi W'Igororero rya Rwamagana SP Gahungu Ephrem, yaganirije Abagororwa b’igororero rya Rwamagana abizeza kubaba hafi mu bibazo bazajya bahura nabyo byose bigashakirwa umuti, ibidashoboka nawe akabishyikiriza abamukuriye bigahabwa umurongo ni kuruyu wa 29/3/2023.
Aha babijeje ko bagiye kubazanira ubuvuzi ndetse n'ibikoresho by'isuku kuko nubwo bafunzwe ntibikuye ho ko nabo ari abantu nk'abandi bantu https://rcs.gov.rw/umuyobozi-wigororero-rya-rwamagana-yaganirije-abahagororerwa-abizeza-kubaba-hafi/
Umukino

Umukino (ubuke Imikino) cyangwa Siporo
Mu by’ukuri siporo ntabwo inanura nk’uko abantu babikeka, ahubwo yewe ku bantu bakora siporo nyinshi ushobora no kubona biyongereye ibiro. Nta yindi mpamvu buretse ko imitsi (muscles) iba yaremereye ugereranyije n’amavuta (graisses, fat). Ariko nko kubantu babyibushye nta gukomera mbese nta reme bafite, mu by’ukuri baba babyibuhijwe n’amavuta bakunze kwitwa ko batepeta, iyo bakoze siporo usanga basa nk’abananuka kuko ya mavuta arayonga. Kandi iyo bakoze siporo ntibananuka ngo babe bato ahubwo usanga ibyo gutepeta bivaho ahubwo bagakomera bakagira ireme. Biba byatewe n’uko hahandi hari amavuta hasimbuwe n’ubunini bw’imitsi bwiyongereye.
== Amoko ya siporo ==
Umupira w’agatebo
Umupira w’intoke
Umupira w’agakoni
tenisi
Umugezi wa Sibiti

Umugezi wa Sibiti ni inzira cyangwa umuhanda wa mazi wa kilometero mirongo irindwi ne shanu uhuza ikiyaga cya Eyasi ni kiyaga cya Kitangiri, akaba n'umwe mu miyoboro mike idakozwe n'a bantu ku isi. Uruzi ni umupaka usanzwe uhuza Akarere ka Singida na karere ka Simiyu Mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya.
Umugezi wa Si biti ufite uruzi, Umugezi wa Semu . Umugezi wa Sibiti ni uwi kibaya kinini kirimo ikiyaga cya Eyasi, n'inzuzi nyinshi zinjira mu kiyaga cya Kitangiri, harimo:
Ikikongo

Ikikongo cyangwa Kikongo ni ururimi rw'abantu ruvugwa mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, Amajyaruguru ya Angola no mu majyepfo ya Repubulika ya Kongo. Bivugwa n'abantu miliyoni 10.
Muntu=Umuntu
Bantu=Abantu
Ntu=Umutwe
Maza=Amanzi
Madia=Ukurya/Ibyokurya
Kulala=Gusinzira
Ntima=Umutima
Ndinga=Ururimi
Mukanda=Igitabo
Bayaka=Abayaka
Fufu=Ubugari
Nzambi=Imana
Kisika ya kulala=Icumbi
Mosi=Rimwe
Zole=Ebyiri
Tatu=Bitatu
Iya=Bine
Tanu=Bitanu
Sambanu=Atandatu
Nsambwadi=Karindwi
Nana=Umunani
Uvwa=Icyenda
Icumi=Kumi
Abantu bose bavuka ariko bakwiye agaciro no kwubahwa kimwe. Bose bavukana ubwenge n'umutima, bagomba kugirirana kivandimwe.
Ibisobanuro
Bantu nyonso, na mbutukulu kevwandaka na kimpwanza ya bawu, ngenda mpe baluve ya mutindu mosi. Mayela na mbanzulu ke na bawu, ni yawu yina bafwana kusalasana na bumpangi.
(Ingingo ya 1 y’itangazo mpuzamahanga ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu)
Ikipe

Ikipe y’umupira w’amaguru ni uruganda,ikipe igizwe n’inzego zitandukanye zuzuzanya, hazamo gukorana neza kandi kinyamwuga kuri buri mukozi uri muri izo nzego harimo abayobozi, abatoza, abakinnyi, abashinzwe umutungo, abategura amafunguro y’abakinnyi, abakora isuku, abashinzwe umutekano, abashoferi niwo musaruro mubona mu kibuga no hanze yacyo mu makipe akomeye.
Peresida wa ikipe hagakurikiraho Inama y'ubutegetsi hagakurikiraho Ushinzwe ikipe ( CEO ) hakaza abashizwe umutungo, abashizwe ibya tekinike, abashizwe abakozi, abashizwe kumenyekanisha ibikorwa n;ubucuruzi.
Inyungu za ikipe
Amafaranga ikipe ibona aturuka ahantu hatandukanye, haba abaterankunga, haba amafaranga ava ku bibuga, kugurisha uburenganzira bwo kwerekana amashusho y’ikipe kuri television, kugurisha bimwe mubice bigize stade ku bafatanyabikorwa, kugurisha abakinnyi ahandi, umusanzu w’abafa ni nkunga.
Isuku mumujyi wa Kigali

Kigali, umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda, ni umujyi uzwiho isuku. Bimwe mu bituma uyu mujyi ugira isuku birimo no kuba nta myanda igaragara mu mihanda inyuranye yawo kubera ko hari abakozi bashinzwe kuyisukura. Abakora aka kazi bavuga ko haricyo kabasaba.
Ku isaha ya saa kumi n'ebyiri benshi mu bakora iyo suku mu muhanda baba batangiye akazi kabo karimo gukubura, gupfura ibyatsi, no gutunganya ahandi hanyuranye haba hakeneye isuku. Benshi biba byabasabye gukora urugendo rutari munsi y’isaha kugira ngo bagere aho bakorera.
Gukora urugendo rungana gutya byose babiterwa n'ishyaka bafite ryo gukora akazi kabo neza kabatungiye imiryango, ariko kakanabahesha ishema ko n’igihugu cyabo kirimo isuku.
Ku rundi ruhande ariko bavuga ko bahura n'imbogamizi yo kuba batagira amasezerano ahamye n'abakoresha babo yewe ngo bakaba banakora nta bwishingizi.
Umwe mu bafite ibigo bikora isuku mu Mujyi wa Kigali Buregeya Paulin avuga ko kuba aba bakozi badahabwa ibyo amategeko abagenera bidaturuka kuri rwiyemezamirimo uba wahawe isoko ahubwo ko ari ikibazo kinini inzego zitandukanye zagakwiye kwigaho kugira ngo ingaruka zireke kugera ku bantu batandukanye.
Umuyobozi ushinzwe imiyoborere y’umurimo muri minisiteri y’abakozi ba Leta n’umurimo Patrick Kananga avuga ko ministeri igiye gukurikiranira iki kibazo hafi ariko abakozi n’abakoresha bakwiye kumva inshingano zabo kugira ngo akazi kagende neza.
Ubuzima Bwamenyo Murirusange

Ubuzima bw'amenyo rusange aribwo Dental Public Health( DPH ) mundimi zamahanga ni para-clinique yihariye yubuvuzi bw'amenyo bujyanye no gukumira indwara zo mu kanwa no guteza imbere ubuzima bwo mu kanwa. Ubuzima rusange bw'amenyo bugira uruhare mugusuzuma ibikenerwa byubuzima bw amenyo kandi bikazana ibisubizo bifatika byateza imbere ubuzima bw amenyo yabaturage aho kuba abantu kugiti cyabo. Ubuzima rusange bw'amenyo burashaka kugabanya ibisabwa muri sisitemu yubuzima hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kohereza umutungo mu bice byihutirwa. Ibihugu ku isi byose bihura nibibazo bisa bijyanye n'indwara z'amenyo. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki n'amahame biratandukanye bitewe no kubona
ibikoresho. Kimwe nubuzima rusange, gusobanukirwa nibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kubuzima bizafasha gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zifatika. Indwara ziterwa n amenyo zirashobora kwirindwa cyane. Ubuvuzi bw'amenyo rusange bukorwa muri rusange binyuze muri gahunda zatewe inkunga na leta, zikaba ahanini zerekeza ku bana bo mu mashuri ya Leta bizera ko imyigire yabo mu isuku yo mu kanwa ari yo nzira nziza yo kugera ku baturage muri rusange. Icyitegererezo kuri gahunda nk'izo mu bihe byashize ni abakora amenyo basura buri mwaka ku ishuri kugira ngo batange ibiganiro kandi berekane uburyo bukwiye bwo koza amenyo. Mu myaka ya za 70, hagaragaye gahunda irambuye. Harimo icyumweru cy'isaha imwe yo kwigisha, kwerekana, n'ibibazo n'ibisubizo, bikozwe na muganga w'amenyo n'umufasha w'amenyo kandi bafashijwe na mwarimu wari warahawe amasaha menshi yo kwigisha. Ikoreshwa ryakozwe kandi muri gahunda yo kwigisha amenyo yubuzima bw'amenyo kuri tereviziyo, ababyeyi bashishikarijwe kuyubahiriza.
Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe ubuzima bw’amenyo (ABDPH) cyateguye urutonde rwubushobozi bwinzobere mu buzima bw’amenyo rusange bagomba gukurikiza. Inzobere mu buzima bw'amenyo ni itsinda ryatoranijwe ry’amenyo yemewe. Ubushobozi icumi butuma iterambere no kwigira kubantu no gushyiraho ibizaba ejo hazaza. Ibyiza byo gushushanya nuko bishyirwa mubikorwa kurwego rwisi. Urutonde ruvugururwa buri gihe.
The Blue Umbrella

The Blue Umbrella is a 1980 Indian novel written by Ruskin Bond. It was adapted into 2005 Hindi film by the same name, directed by Vishal Bhardwaj, which later won the National Film Award for Best Children's Film. In 2012, the novel was adapted into a comic by Amar Chitra Katha publications, titled, The Blue Umbrella – Stories by Ruskin Bond, and included another story, Angry River. This story appeared in Bond's collection of short stories, Children's Omnibus.
In the village of Garhwal, a girl named Binya used to live there. She was living with her widowed mother and her older brother named Biju.
In that same village, a man named Ram Bharosa had an old shop that sold Coca-Cola with no ice, tea, curd, or sweets. One day, Binya receives a beautiful blue umbrella from some foreigners in exchange for her leopard claw pendant. Soon, the shopkeeper becomes jealous of the umbrella and tries to buy it from Binya by claiming, "This is a fancy umbrella which small girls should not have," but Binya refuses. As time passes, Ram Bharosa's jealousy of the umbrella turns into an obsession. He employs a boy named Rajaram from the next village to work at the shop. When Rajaram learns of his boss' desire to own the umbrella, he makes an attempt to steal it but fails and is caught. Rajaram then gives up Ram Bharosa's name, causing his shop to be boycotted. Ram Bharosa is now remorseful of his actions and miserable. Binya realize her showing off the blue umbrella indirectly led to Ram Bharosa's suffering. In the end, Binya willingly gives the umbrella to Ram Bharosa, who in turn gifts her a bear claw pendant. At last, it ends with a happy note when Binya gives it to Ram Bharosa who made it an umbrella which could be borrowed and returned. Thus, everyone in the village used it for their daily purpose
The Blue Umbrella (2005 film)

The Blue Umbrella is a 2005 Indian drama film based on the novel The Blue Umbrella (1980) by Ruskin Bond. It was directed by Vishal Bhardwaj and starred Shreya Sharma and Pankaj Kapur in lead roles. The music was by Bhardwaj and the lyrics were penned by Gulzar.
The story is set in a small village near Banikhet, Himachal Pradesh and revolves around a nine-year-old girl named Biniya, who lives with her mother and elder brother, and the village's only shopkeeper, Nandakishore "Nandu" Khatri. One day while herding her family cows, Biniya comes across a blue-colored Japanese umbrella belonging to a group of tourists. She takes a liking to the umbrella and trades her bear claw necklace, Yantra, to the Japanese tourists in exchange for it. Biniya's mother scolds her for this, since the bear claw necklace is considered to be auspicious and bring good luck. However, everyone in the village is amazed by the beauty of the umbrella and Biniya acquires a celebrity-like status. This invokes the jealousy of some people, especially Khatri, who covets such an umbrella but finds himself unable to buy one due to its high cost. He tries to buy Biniya's umbrella from her but she refuses.
Khatri's shop boy, Rajaram, offers his help in stealing the umbrella in exchange for an increased salary. In a pasture, Binya finds her umbrella missing and becomes heartbroken, accusing Khatri of stealing it. Khatri's shop is searched but the umbrella is not found. Due to this humiliation, Khatri pledges to buy his own umbrella and soon acquires a similar one in red, which he claims is from Delhi. The center of attraction in the village then shifts from Biniya to Khatri. As a gesture of goodwill to restore pride, the villagers nominate Khatri to be the president at an upcoming village wrestling competition. Biniya continues her investigation and learns that Khatri's umbrella was actually sent by a textile dyer from a nearby town, Banikhet. She accompanies the village policeman to Banikhet to find out the truth. At the same time, Khatri is presiding over the competition when it starts raining and the red dye from the umbrella is washed off, revealing Khatri to be the thief. Due to his theft and lying, Khatri is boycotted by the village.
Post-boycott, Khatri's life becomes miserable as no one visits his shop and even his accomplice Rajaram abandons him. Biniya sympathies with Khatri and decides that he is the real owner of umbrella. She willingly gives the umbrella to Khatri, who is then accepted back into the village.
The Blue Umbrella received positive reviews, including Hindustan Times writer Khalid Mohamed who describes it as a child's confection 'with passages of charm, visual aplomb and lively performances.' The acting of Pankaj Kapur is noted in particular.
Mackinlaya macrosciadea

Mackinlaya macrosciadea, commonly known as mackinlaya or blue umbrella, is a plant in the carrot, fennel and parsley family Apiaceae, found in the Northern Territory and Queensland, Australia.
Mackinlaya macrosciadea is an evergreen shrub growing up to 3–5 m tall (10–16 ft), usually unbranched. The compound leaves are held on petioles up to 15 cm (6 in) long, with 3–7 leaflets arranged around a common attachment point (i.e. they are palmate). The leaflets are glabrous (without hairs), measure up to 18 cm (7 in) long and 6 cm (2.4 in) wide, and their margins may be smooth, toothed or lobed.
The inflorescence is terminal and takes the form of an umbel of umbels - that is, a number of stalks of equal length emanate from a single point on the plant, and these in turn branch into a number of flower stalks (pedicels), again of common length and attachment point, and each carrying a single flower. Individual flowers are about 2.5 mm (0.10 in) diameter and may be white, cream or green.
The fruit is a glaucous, blue-grey or purple, 2-lobed drupe about 15 mm (0.59 in) long and 18 mm (0.71 in) wide. They contain 1–2 cream to pale brown seeds.
Flowering and fruiting both occur from May to November.
This species was first described as Panax macrosciadeus in 1860 by the Victorian colonial botanist Ferdinand von Mueller, and published in his multi-volume book Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ. The description was based on material collected by the Irish botanist and collector Eugene Fitzalan from the Cumberland Islands. Four years later, in 1864, Mueller revised his description and transferred the species to its current genus Mackinlaya.
The genus Mackinlaya was erected by Mueller and named in honour of the Scottish-born Australian explorer John McKinlay (cited as "J. MacKinlay" by Mueller). The species epithet macrosciadea is derived from "macro" meaning large or great, combined with "sciadion" meaning parasol, and is a reference to the arrangement of the inflorescences.
The common name preferred by Australian botanic authorities is Mackinlaya. It is also known as blue umbrella.
Mackinlaya is present both in and on the margins of various types of rainforest, where it is an understorey tree. It occurs in a number of disjunct ranges - one in the Northern Territory in the Arnhem Plateau and Pine Creek bioregions, and several populations on the east coast of Queensland, from Lockhart River to the Sunshine Coast. The altitudinal range in Queensland is from sea level to 1,100 m (3,600 ft).
The fruit are eaten by cassowaries (Casuarius casuarius) and tooth-billed bowerbirds (Scenopoeetes dentirostris).
This species is listed by the Queensland Government's Department of Environment, Science and Innovation as least concern. As of 28 March 2024, it has not been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Red Shirts (Thailand)

The Red Shirts (Thai: เสื้อแดง, romanized: Suea Daeng) are a political movement in Thailand, formed following the 2006 coup d'état which deposed then-Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. Originally synonymous with the United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship (UDD), a group formed to protest the coup and resulting military government, the movement subsequently expanded to include various groups with diverse political priorities. Its members range from left-wing and/or liberal activists and academics to the large number of Thaksin's rural and working-class supporters. The movement emerged as the result of socio­economic changes in Northeast Thailand in the 1990s and 2000s, including a growing middle class, rising aspirations, and an increasing awareness of the extreme inequality and of the fundamentally weak democracy in Thailand, typified by Thailand's primate city problem. Red Shirts group dynamics center on frustrated economic and political aspirations to improve democracy and overcome inequality, which contributed to the 2009 Thai political unrest and the 2010 Thai political protests, as well as shared suffering at the hand of the ruling class hegemony. As with other minorities, the Red Shirts have been dehumanized and demonized, with insults such as "Red Buffalo" (Thai: ควายแดง, romanized: khwai daeng; khwai, 'buffalo', is a common insult in Thai meaning a stupid person), since reclaimed by some of its targets. Their claims for transitional justice following the 2010 Thai military crackdown have been subverted by the Thai state.
116 (number)

116 (one hundred [and] sixteen) is the natural number following 115 and preceding 117.
116 is a noncototient, meaning that there is no solution to the equation m − φ(m) = n, where φ stands for Euler's totient function.
116! + 1 is a factorial prime.
There are 116 ternary Lyndon words of length six, and 116 irreducible polynomials of degree six over a three-element field, which form the basis of a free Lie algebra of dimension 116.
There are 116 different ways of partitioning the numbers from 1 through 5 into subsets in such a way that, for every k, the union of the first k subsets is a consecutive sequence of integers.
There are 116 different 6×6 Costas arrays.
The Fear of Fear

The Fear of Fear is the fourth extended play (EP) by the Canadian heavy metal band Spiritbox. It was released on November 3, 2023, through Pale Chord and Rise Records. It is their first EP to chart, peaking at number 116 on the Billboard 200.
"The Void" was released as the lead single on April 19, 2023. The second single, "Jaded", was released on August 25, along with the announcement of the EP. The third single, "Cellar Door", was released on October 13. The Fear of Fear EP was released on November 3, 2023 through Pale Chord and Rise. On the same day of the EP's release, the band released a music video for the songs, "Ultraviolet" and "Angel Eyes". They also released a music video for the song, "Too Close/Too Late", on November 4.
On May 2, 2023, the band was announced as support for the fall leg of Shinedown's Revolutions Live tour along with Papa Roach. They preceded this tour with a performance at Rock am Ring in June.
Musically, "The Fear of Fear" has been described as metalcore, alternative metal, and djent.
The Fear of Fear received positive reviews from critics. Ali Shutler of Dork wrote "The Fear Of Fear is a tightly wound record that showcases a band growing in confidence and getting increasingly comfortable with what they are." According to Will Marshall of Distorted Sound the EP is "rooted in the approach to modern metalcore evidenced on Eternal Blue but does show more of that drive to move beyond its borders, just as Rotoscope did, though arguably to a greater degree." Dannii Leivers of Metal Hammer wrote, "Spiritbox could have easily...[rushed] out Eternal Blue v2, but instead, this is the sound of a band deciding where they want to go, unaffected by the weight of expectation, and taking us along for the ride." Jordan Blum of Metal Injection stated, "its truncated duration prevents it from feeling as epic and substantial as Eternal Blue, but its masterful sequencing...still provide plenty of enticing and inventive connective tissues." Paul Brown writing for Wall of Sound felt that "Whether it’s the soul-crushing heavy hits or the softly delivered melodic rock songs, they always keep us guessing and they’re only getting better with each release they unleash."
The song, "Jaded", earned a Grammy nomination for Best Metal Performance. "Cellar Door", was nominated for Best Metal Performance the following year.
Personnel per liner notes.
Spiritbox
Production