davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Eric Winkel

Eric Alexander Winkel, dikenal sebagai Dr. Eric Winkel, adalah sarjana muslim yang mendalami ajaran Ibnu ʿArabi. Winkel sudah mengkaji Futūḥāt al-Makīyah selama lebih dari tiga dekade. Sewaktu bekerja sebagai peneliti senior di International Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies (IAIS) Malaysia, dia mencari korelasi antara ajaran Islam dan sains modern dan meletakkan basis untuk melihat hubungan antara gagasan Ibnu ʿArabi dengan perkembangan fisika dan matematika modern. Sejak 2012 dia mendedikasikan diri untuk menerjemahkan Futūḥāt al-Makīyah karya Ibnu ʿArabi ke bahasa Inggris.
Winkel lahir di Manhattan, Kansas, Amerika Serikat. Pada usia sekitar 12 tahun, keluarganya pindah ke Swiss dan dia menyelesaikan pendidikan sekolah menengah di Sekolah Internasional Jenewa, Swiss hingga kelas 11. Setelah kembali ke Amerika, pada tahun 1979 dia mengikuti Freshman Honors Program di University of Delaware, Newark selama setahun, sebelum memperoleh gelar BA di bidang Kajian Agama dari Haverford College, Pennsylvania pada tahun 1982. Pada tahun 1985 ia menerima gelar Master dalam Kajian Asia Selatan dari University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; dan tiga tahun kemudian, pada 1988, dia memperoleh gelar PhD dalam studi Pemerintahan dan Hubungan Internasional dari University of South Carolina, Columbia.
Perkenalan Winkel dengan Ibn ʿArabī terjadi sejak usia muda ketika dia membaca buku Sufis of Andalusia karya Ralph Austen. Dan sejak saat itu, sejak usia 17 tahun, ia mulai mempelajari karya-karya Ibnu ʿArabi. Tesis doktoralnya yang berjudul "The Ontological Status of Politics in Islam and The Epistemology of Islamic Revival", belakangan menjadi monografnya yang berjudul "Islam and the Living Law: The Ibn al-'Arabi Approach".
Sejak 2012 ia memulai Futuhat Project, yakni proyek penerjemahan lengkap kitab Futūḥāt al-Makīyah ke dalam bahasa Inggris, yang dia beri judul "The Openings Revealed in Makkah". Futūḥāt al-Makīyah adalah magnum opus Ibn ʿArabi yang memuat lebih dari 10.000 halaman; dan hingga saat ini (akhir 2022) Winkel sudah mempublikasikan 4 volume terjemahan bahasa Inggris Futūḥāt dari rencana 19 volume.
Pada masa lockdown akibat pandemi Covid-19 (2020–2022), Dr. Winkel mengadakan kajian mingguan tentang Ibnu ʿArabi yang direkam dan dirilis di YouTube. Rangkaian ceramahnya bisa dilihat di youtube sebagai "Insights from (Muhyiddin) Ibn ʿArabi". Kajian mingguan ini menginspirasi penerbitan buku "An Illustrated Guide to Ibn Arabi" pada tahun 2022.
Lapangan Marjeh

Lapangan Marjeh (bahasa Arab: ساحة المرجة / ALA-LC: sāḥat al-Marjah), juga dikenal sebagai "Lapangan Martir" (ساحة الشهداء sāḥat ash-Shuhadā’), adalah sebuah lapangan di Damaskus tengah, Suriah, tepat di luar tembok kota lama tersebut. Kementerian Dalam Negeri Suriah memiliki markas besarnya di lapangan tersebut.
Lapangan tersebut dibangun oleh Ottoman pada akhir abad kesembilan belas. Sebuah kantor pos baru dan munisipalitas dibangun disana memakai semen dan baja, material baru untuk Damaskus pada masa itu. Ottoman secara terbuka mengeksekusi tujuh penggiat nasional Suriah di lapangan tersebut pada Hari Martir, 6 Mei 1916, dan ini yang menjadi alasan kenapa tempat tersebut dikenal sebagai "Lapangan Martir". Setelah Prancis mengambil alih Suriah, mereka masih memakai lapangan tersebut untuk keperluan yang sama. Fakhri Hassan al-Kharrat, putra pemimpin Pemberontakan Suriah Besar Hasan al-Kharrat, digantung disana pada tahun 1925–26.
Templat:Damaskus
Kalierang, Bumiayu, Brebes

Desa Kalierang is a village located in the Brebes Regency of Central Java, Indonesia. Situated in a serene rural setting, Kalierang offers visitors a glimpse into the tranquil beauty and rich cultural heritage of the region.
Kalierang is surrounded by stunning natural landscapes, featuring lush green fields, rolling hills, and picturesque vistas. The village is known for its refreshing air and a peaceful atmosphere that provides a respite from the hustle and bustle of urban life. It is located within close proximity to other attractions in Brebes, allowing visitors to explore the wider region.
The village of Kalierang takes great pride in preserving its cultural traditions and heritage. The locals warmly welcome visitors and offer a glimpse into their traditional way of life. Various cultural events and ceremonies are held throughout the year, showcasing the community's rich cultural tapestry. Music and dance performances, traditional rituals, and local celebrations provide a unique opportunity to experience the vibrant cultural scene of Kalierang.
Kalierang's economy primarily revolves around agriculture. The fertile soil and favorable climate support the cultivation of various crops, including rice, vegetables, and fruits. Local farmers employ sustainable farming practices and contribute to the village's agricultural prosperity. The community's deep connection with the land is evident in the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature.
Kalierang offers visitors the chance to explore its natural wonders and immerse themselves in the village's serene ambiance. Leisurely walks through the vast fields allow visitors to appreciate the scenic beauty and observe the diligent work of local farmers. The village's proximity to other attractions in Brebes provides opportunities for further exploration, making Kalierang an ideal destination for nature lovers and cultural enthusiasts.
Kalierang is committed to preserving its traditional architecture and cultural heritage. The village aims to maintain its authentic charm while embracing sustainable development. Efforts are underway to ensure that the essence of Kalierang remains intact for future generations, allowing them to experience the beauty and tranquility of rural Indonesia.
ian Culture]]
Semboyan moto dan julukan kota dan kabupaten di Indonesia

Halaman ini memuat daftar semboyan dan julukan kota dan kabupaten di Indonesia. Istilah "semboyan", menurut KBBI daring, adalah perkataan atau kalimat pendek yang dipakai sebagai dasar tuntunan (pegangan hidup). Dalam hal semboyan kota atau kabupaten kalimat pendek ini (biasanya dalam Bahasa Sanskerta atau bahasa daerah setempat) mengacu kepada suata makna tertentu yang memberikan semangat sekaligus ciri khas pada daerah tersebut. Masih belum diketahui secara pasti kota/kabupaten mana yang pertama kali mempunyai semboyan yang dibakukan, tetapi hampir setiap kota/kabupaten kini memiliki semboyan khusus yang menjadi ciri daerah tersebut.
Disini, yang dimaksud oleh julukan kota ialah nama lain dari kota tersebut, bisa jadi julukan tersebut disematkan pada kota madya ataupun ibu kota kabupaten (khusus daerah yang berstatus kabupaten).
The Spirit Of Bali » Karangasem
Daftar Gubernur Jawa Tengah

Gubernur Jawa Tengah adalah kepala daerah tingkat satu yang memegang pemerintahan di Jawa Tengah bersama dengan wakil gubernur dan para anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah. Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur Jawa Tengah dipilih melalui pemilihan umum yang dilaksanakan setiap lima tahun sekali. Pada umumnya, gubernur diusung oleh gabungan partai politik yang setidaknya memiliki kursi di Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, serta dapat didukung oleh partai-partai politik non parlemen.
Jawa Tengah termasuk salah satu provinsi pertama yang berdiri semasa Republik Indonesia dibentuk pada 1945. Gubernur pertama diumumkan oleh Presiden Soekarno melalui Badan Penerangan bahwa Soeroso ditunjuk untuk memegang jabatan Gubernur Jawa Tengah. Enam gubernur pertama memiliki gelar kebangsawanan Jawa atau priayi, seperti Raden Mas Tumenggung. Menjelang masa Orde Lama berakhir hingga transisi pemerintahan antara Orde Baru dengan Reformasi, Gubernur Jawa Tengah dijabat oleh purnawirawan dari Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia.
Bibit Waluyo dari Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan adalah gubernur pertama Jawa Tengah yang dipilih rakyat dengan memenangkan Pilgub Jawa Tengah 2008, setelah sebelumnya dipilih melalui sidang paripurna di Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah.
Berikut adalah daftar Gubernur Jawa Tengah secara definitif sejak tahun 1945.
Dalam tumpuk pemerintahan, seorang kepala daerah yang mengajukan diri untuk cuti atau berhenti sementara dari jabatannya kepada pemerintah pusat, maka Menteri Dalam Negeri menyiapkan penggantinya yang merupakan birokrat di pemerintah daerah atau bahkan wakil gubernur, termasuk ketika posisi gubernur berada dalam masa transisi. Berikut merupakan daftar pengganti sementara untuk jabatan Gubernur Jawa Tengah.
Kepolisian Daerah Jawa Tengah

Kepolisian Daerah Jawa Tengah atau Polda Jawa Tengah (dulu bernama Komando Daerah Kepolisian (Komdak atau Kodak) Jawa Tengah adalah pelaksana tugas Kepolisian RI di wilayah Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Polda Jateng termasuk klasifikasi A dan seorang kepala kepolisian daerah harus berpangkat bintang dua (Irjen Polisi). Alamat Polda Jateng ada di Jalan Pahlawan No. 1, Semarang, Jawa Tengah.
Kepolisian Daerah Jawa Tengah terdiri dari beberapa Kepolisian Resort (Polres), antara lain:
Taufan Soekarnoputra

Drs. Mohammad Taufan Soekarnoputra, M.A. (27 Maret 1955 – 17 Januari 1986) adalah putra sulung Presiden Indonesia pertama Soekarno dengan Hartini. Ia memiliki adik kandung bernama Bayu Soekarnoputra. Taufan dan Bayu, lahir di kediaman ibu mereka di Paviliun Amarta, Istana Bogor. Setiap akhir pekan pada hari Jumat, ayah mereka Soekarno akan mengunjungi mereka dan kembali ke Jakarta pada hari Sabtu atau Minggu sore.
Taufan bertemu dengan calon istrinya, Iryani Levana Danubrata (lahir di Bandung, 5 Januari 1958) ketika berkuliah tahun 1973. Levana adalah putri tunggal, anak kedua dari empat bersaudara, hasil pernikahan pasangan suami-istri Sidik Danubrata berdarah Sunda dan Linda Grave berdarah campuran Rusia-Jepang. Kala itu calon istrinya sedang menempuh bangku SMP. Mereka baru menjalin hubungan yang intensif tahun 1977.
Setelah Taufan menyelesaikan studinya dalam bidang Industrial Design di Fakultas Seni Rupa Institut Teknologi Bandung dan calon istrinya juga telah meraih gelar sarjana muda Fakultas Sastra Prancis Universitas Padjadjaran, mereka bertunangan pada 25 April 1981. Pasangan ini kemudian melangsungkan pernikahan pada Minggu, 18 Oktober 1981 di kediaman Sidik Danubrata, Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi 261-263 Bandung.
Taufan melanjutkan studi mengenai Industrial Design di California State University, Amerika Serikat dan meraih gelar Master of Arts (M.A.).
Pada akhir 1985, Taufan menderita kanker usus besar dan sakit liver yang diduga menyerangnya sekitar 3-4 tahun sebelum itu, dan baru diketahuinya tiga bulan sebelum wafat. Dengan ditemani istrinya, Taufan menjalani pengobatan di St. Mary Hospital, Long Beach, Los Angeles. Dari hasil pemeriksaan tim dokter, penyakit Taufan diketahui sudah akut. Walaupun ia sempat menjalani operasi liver, tim dokter menyatakan ketidaksanggupan mereka merawatnya.
Pada 25 Desember 1985, Taufan dan istrinya kembali ke Jakarta. Sesampai di Jakarta, Taufan langsung dikirim ke RSPAD Gatot Subroto, dan dirawat oleh tim dokter kepresidenan. Melihat kesehatan Taufan tak kunjung membaik, pihak keluarga meminta untuk merawatnya di rumah, di Jalan Proklamasi 62, Jakarta Pusat.
Hari-hari menjelang ajal Taufan, ibunda Hartini dan istri Iryani hampir tak pernah beranjak dari pembaringan Taufan. Kakak iparnya Kris menuturkan Taufan meninggal dengan tenang dan tidak meninggalkan pesan. Taufan meninggal dunia di rumah keluarga Jalan Proklamasi 62, Jakarta Pusat, Jumat, 17 Januari 1986, pukul 14.40. Taufan dan istrinya belum dikaruniai anak. Jenazahnya dimakamkan di Taman Pemakaman Umum Karet Bivak, Jakarta Pusat, tak jauh dari makam ibu tirinya, Fatmawati Soekarno.
All You Need is Pag-ibig

All You Need is Pag-ibig adalah film drama romantik komedi Filipina produksi Star tahun 2015 yang dibintangi oleh Kris Aquino, Bimby Aquino Yap, Derek Ramsay, Kim Chiu, Xian Lim, Jodi Sta. Maria, dan Ian Veneracion. Film ini disutradarai oleh Antoinette Jadaone, berdasarkan skenario yang ditulis oleh Yoshke Dimen dan Antoinette Jadaone. All You Need is Pag-ibig dirilis secara serentak pada 25 Desember 2015.
All You Need Is Pag-Ibig dirilis secara serentak di Filipina pada tanggal 25 Desember 2015. Film ini menempati peringkat ke-lima versi MMFF.
Daftar cagar budaya di Kabupaten Sleman

Halaman ini memuat daftar cagar budaya di Kabupaten Sleman yang terdaftar di Direktorat Pelestarian Cagar Budaya dan Permuseuman. Daftar ini tidak dimaksudkan sebagai suatu daftar yang lengkap atau selalu terbarui.
Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2010 tentang cagar budaya, terdapat lima kategori cagar budaya, yaitu:
Benda cagar budaya adalah benda alami atau buatan manusia, baik bergerak atau tidak, baik bergeser atau tidak bergeser yang mempunyai hubungan erat dengan kebudayaan dan sejarah perkembangan manusia. Benda cagar budaya tidak hanya penting bagi disiplin ilmu arkeologi saja, tetapi terdapat berbagai disiplin yang dapat melakukan analisis terhadapnya. Sebagai contoh, antropologi dapat melihat kaitan antara benda cagar budaya dengan kebudayaan sekarang.
Bangunan cagar budaya adalah susunan binaan yang terbuat dari benda alam atau benda buatan manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ruang berdinding, tidak berdinding, dan beratap.
Struktur cagar budaya adalah suatu susunan binaan yang terbuat dari benda alam dan atau benda buatan manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ruang kegiatan yang menyatu dengan alam, sarana, dan prasarana untuk menampung kebutuhan manusia.
Situs cagar budaya adalah lokasi yang berada di darat dan atau di air yang mengandung benda cagar budaya, bangunan cagar budaya, dan atau struktur cagar budaya sebagai hasil kegiatan manusia atau bukti kejadian pada masa lalu.
Kawasan cagar budaya adalah satuan ruang geografis yang memiliki dua situs cagar budaya atau lebih yang letaknya berdekatan dan atau memperlihatkan ciri tata ruang yang khas.
Yunjin

Yunjin (Chinese: 雲錦), Nanjing brocade or cloud brocade, is a traditional Chinese luxury silk brocade made in Nanjing since the end of the Song dynasty, and based on weft-weaving techniques from both the Song and Tang dynasties. It is shuttle-woven, and often incorporates gold and silver threads with the coloured silks. During the Ming dynasty, the yunjin weavers developed a technique of swivel weaving that enabled them to weave colourful designs onto a base fabric in other weaves, such as satin. In 2009, Nanjing brocade was selected into the representative list of oral and intangible heritage of humanity at UNESCO.
The history of brocade in Nanjing can be traced back to the Three Kingdoms period (220-280). In a war, which broke out at the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420), General Liu Yu defeated the Xi'an-based Later Qin kingdom (384-417). The victory brought all the craftsmen in Xi'an back to Jiankang, now Nanjing City, among whom brocade-weavers were a dominant force. The brocade weavers were top craftsmen nationwide and had learned many skills from minority ethnic groups. The Eastern Jin government had set up a special brocade office in Nanjing to manage the production of the brocade, which represented the formal establishment of Nanjing brocade. In the Qing Dynasty, "Jiangning Weaving Department" was established in Nanjing. When Nanjing Yunjin weaving peaked, it had more than 30,000 looms and nearly 300,000 people made a living in these fields. It was Nanjing's largest handicraft industry at that time.
Nanjing yunjin brocade is regarded as one of the best forms of silk. It is famous for its cloud-like colours and intricate patterns. Nanjing yunjin brocades are famous for their exquisite technology, elegant patterns and smooth texture. The patterns are as various and as beautiful as the clouds in the sky, hence its name "Yunjin".
Tamahagane

Tamahagane (玉鋼) is a type of steel made in the Japanese tradition. The word tama means 'precious', and the word hagane means 'steel'. Tamahagane is used to make Japanese swords, daggers, knives, and other kinds of tools.
The carbon content of the majority of analyzed Japanese swords historically lies between a mass of 0.5–0.7%; however, the range extends up to 1.5%.
Tamahagane is made of an iron sand (satetsu) found in Shimane, Japan. There are two main types of iron sands: akame satetsu (赤目砂鉄) and masa satetsu (真砂砂鉄). Akame is lower quality, masa is better quality. The murage decides the amount of the mixing parts. Depending on the desired result, the murage mixes one or more types of sands.
The iron sand is put in a tatara, a clay tub furnace. The clay tub measures about 4 feet (1.2 m) tall, 12 feet (3.7 m) long and 4 feet (1.2 m) wide. The tub is dried and heated to about 1,000 °C (1,830 °F). Then, it is mixed with charcoal to add carbon to the steel so it can be hardened.
The process of making tamahagane continues for 36–72 hours (a day and a half to three days), depending on how many people work and how much metal is to be obtained. Within an hour of smelting, the iron sand sinks to the bottom, called the bed of fire, in which it will be assessed by color to determine which parts of the smelt will be combined into tamahagane. The iron sand is added every ten minutes, and the mixture is frequently turned over.
After the tamahagane is finished, the clay tub is broken and the steel is removed. The best steel is on the edges of the resulting metal block; in this area, the oxidation process is stronger. The quality of tamahagane is determined by its color: bright silver pieces are very good for making blades.
Parang (knife)

The parang (/ˈpɑːrɑːŋ/) is a type of knife used across the Malay Archipelago.
Typical vegetation in Southeast Asia is more woody than in South America, and the parang is therefore optimized for a stronger chopping action with a heavier blade and a "sweet spot" further forward of the handle; the blade is also beveled more obtusely to prevent it from binding in the cut. This is the same rationale and (in practical terms) the same design as the Indonesian golok and very similar to the Filipino bolo. The parang blade ranges from 25 to 91 centimetres (10 to 36 in) in length. The parang has a weight of up to 0.91 kilograms (2 lb) and the edge typically uses a convex grind. The parang has three different edges: the front is very sharp and used for skinning, the middle is wider and used for chopping, and the back end (near the handle) is very fine and used for carving. A parang handle is normally made out of wood or horn, with a wide end to prevent slips in wet conditions. The tang of the parang is usually of hidden tang design, but full tang designs are also available.
Like the machete, the parang is frequently used in the jungle as well as being a tool for making housing, furniture, and tools. The parang has been noted in John "Lofty" Wiseman's SAS Survival Handbook for this use. Wiseman points out that by grinding three different angles in three separate regions along the Parang blade—a narrow angle at the tip for skinning and fine cutting work; a wide, chopping blade angle along the bow in the blade for axe work, and an all-purpose hunting/survival knife angle along the edge nearest the handle for general purpose work—the parang becomes a very useful, and compact all-purpose tool in the bush.
Parangs are recorded being used in attacks against the British and Japanese. They are typically carried as weapons by gang members, protesters and robbers in Malaysia, Singapore, India, and Sri Lanka, due to these countries having strict gun laws.
Parangs were used by North Borneo guerillas against the Japanese in the Jesselton Revolt during the Japanese occupation of British Borneo.
Ceremonial weapon

A ceremonial weapon is an object used for ceremonial purposes to display power or authority. They may be used in parades and as part of military dress uniforms, or presented as gifts on formal occasions.
Although they are descended from weapons used in actual combat, they are not normally used as such. Their form and, especially, their finishing and decoration are typically designed to show status and power and to be an impressive sight, rather than for practicality as a weapon. Quite often, ceremonial weapons are constructed with precious metals or other materials that make them too delicate for combat use. With ceremonial swords, an example of this is that the sword may be poorly balanced. Historically, however, many ceremonial weapons were also capable of actual combat, most notably in the military.
Maces, halberds, daggers, and swords are the most common form of ceremonial weapons, but in theory almost any weapon can become ceremonial. The Sergeant at Arms in some parliaments carries a ceremonial mace. The Swiss Guard in the Vatican carry both ceremonial weapons (halberds and swords) and 21st century weapons (semi-automatic pistols). Mid-20th century rifles such as the American M14 and the Russian SKS, fitted with polished wood stocks, chrome plating and other decorative finishes, are common ceremonial weapons for honor guard units.
Another example is the use of a firearm to signal the start of a race. Guns are also used in celebratory gunfire.
Officers of the Armed Forces are issued the Pattern 1897 infantry officer's sword, used for ceremonial occasions.
Media related to Ceremonial weapons at Wikimedia Commons
Sewar

Sewar (Sejwa, Sivas, Siwah, Siwai, Siwar, or Siwaz) refers to a dagger of Indonesian origin, typically carried in a belt and used mainly in Sumatra, Indonesia. The blade is also referred to as Sewah by the Gayo people, Seiva by the Minangkabau people, Siva by the Alas people, and Siwaih by the Acehnese people.
The sewar is a short-bladed dagger used in traditional Indonesian close-quarter fighting styles. The weapon has a slightly curved single or double-edged blade. From the handle's base, the blade either narrows or widens at the tip, depending on the style. The double-edged sewar has a back edge that runs from the tip of the blade to the base of the hilt. Typically, the blade is either flat ground, without a mid-line ridge, or hollow ground. Sometimes it has a slightly hollow grind and a reinforced (integral) back, or comes with several slightly hollow sections.
Unlike other traditional combat weapons, the sewar's handle lacks a finger guard. Usually a ferrule made of brass is mounted at the base of the handle to better secure the handle and the blade. For ceremonial versions, a ferrule clamp is extremely ornate (Tampo). Its design can be rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, or triangular (Glupa). Traditionally the handle is made of wood and often decorated with carvings or metal ornaments. Various versions of the handle are crafted differently, in styles such as the Hulu Boh Glimo or the Akar Bahar.
The sheaths are usually made of wood, with oval-shaped cross-sections, and are decorated with carvings. Expensive versions are often decorated with precious metals or embedded with gems. The sheath consists of two pieces of wood held together with rattan or silver and gold bindings. On one side of the sheath's "throat", where the protrusion of the daggers are visible, more expensive examples are covered with plique-à-jour mountings worked in precious metal and filled with enamel. The Sewar is regarded as outstanding for slashing.
The sewar is similar to the rencong and the Tumbok Lada, but its blade is longer, heavier and rests in a distinctly different sheath. The sewar has functional, ornamental and cultural similarities to the kris, found on the Indonesian island of Java, with variants indigenous to Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Thailand and the southern Philippines.
The Tari Sewah (meaning "Sewah Dance") is a traditional Minangkabau dance performed by two or three dancers wielding the Sewar. If there are two dancers, only one carries the Sewar. With three dancers, two carry the dagger to portray offensive dance movements towards the unarmed dancer. The Sewar is never used by dancers who hold personal grudges against the unarmed dancer. This traditional dance is one of the Tarian Pancak, a category of traditional dance influenced by some styles of traditional Indonesian martial arts, Pencak Silat.
Rencong

The rencong (Acehnese: reuncong, Dutch spelling: rentjong, British spelling: renchong) is a type of knife originating in Aceh, Indonesia. Originally a fighting weapon, it is most often seen today in the martial art of pencak silat and worn during traditional ceremonies.
The rencong is slightly L-shaped and has a sharp blade with a slightly convex back. The blade can vary in length from 10 to 50 cm (3.9 to 19.7 in). The blade can be straight or cranked like a kris. It is held in a scabbard of wood, ivory, horn, or sometimes even silver or gold. The rencong is worn on one's belt around the waist.
The design of a rencong depends largely on the social status of its owner. The most common type is made of brass or silver steel with a sheath of wood or buffalo horn. The rencong used by royalty is more ornate and less functional. Royal rencong have sheathes of ivory and blade made from gold, engraved with Quranic verses.
Rencong technique is dependent on the weapon's size. Smaller lengths are favoured because they are more easily concealed. The rencong is worn on the left side and drawn with the left foot forward. A quick step forward with the right foot adds momentum to the thrust. It is then whipped to the right with a snap of the hand, bringing the palm upwards while the elbow is close to the body. The thrusting arm is almost fully extended and the palm is turned downward just before piercing the target. While the thrust is the primary method of attack, circular and elliptical slashing techniques exist as well. The main targets are the throat, kidneys, groin, and abdomen.
Aceh folklore ascribes mystical attributes and supernatural powers to the rencong. The form of the weapon is said to represent the Basmala. The rencong is today worn as part of traditional attire on ceremonial occasions. Aceh is also known as the "Land of the Rencong" (Tanah Rencong).
Indonesia Institute of the Arts Yogyakarta

The Indonesia Institute of the Arts Yogyakarta (Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta, ISI Yogyakarta) is a state-owned college in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It teaches visual, performing, and media arts in traditional Indonesian and modern international styles. ISI Yogyakarta was ranked number one in Indonesia on the QS World's Top Performing Arts Schools in 2022.
ISI Yogyakarta was founded on 23 July 1984, replacing ASRI Arts Academy (founded in 1950), AMI Music Academy (founded in 1952), and ASTI Dance Academy (founded in 1961). It became the largest arts institution in the nation.
The Minister of National Education directly appoints its governing board, including president, vice-presidents, and deans. The institute delegates authority to the Senate, composed of professors, faculty members, and top administrative offices, who define the institute policy as a whole, determines and supervises courses and curricula, advises the administrators on budgets, faculty appointments, and promotions.
ISI Yogyakarta has three schools with 11 departments. They offer a diploma in arts, undergraduate degree (Sarjana degree) in arts, master's degree in arts creation & aesthetic interpretation and arts management and a doctorate degree in arts creation and interpretation.
ISI Yogyakarta might offer a collaborative program with the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
ISI Yogyakarta's main campus is in Sewon, 6 km (3.7 mi) south of Yogyakarta. Sewon is the newest campus, with 1,500 m (16,000 sq ft) of land. It includes an administrative building, studios, academic buildings, auditoriums, pendapa, library, art gallery, the mosque, student's center, tennis court and soccer field.
Two former campuses are the former ASRI campus at Gampingan and AMI campus at Suryodiningratan. The former AMI campus at Suryodiningratan is now the campus building for master and doctorate programs.
ISI Yogyakarta enrolls about 2,000 students from all over the country, mainly from Java and Sumatra. ISI Yogyakarta also welcomes overseas students who are interested in learning Indonesian traditional arts, mostly in a non-degree programs. Courses on traditional dance, karawitan, and batik are the most popular study programs for foreign students.
Viewing frustum

In 3D computer graphics, a viewing frustum or view frustum is the region of space in the modeled world that may appear on the screen; it is the field of view of a perspective virtual camera system.
The view frustum is typically obtained by taking a geometrical frustum—that is a truncation with parallel planes—of the pyramid of vision, which is the adaptation of (idealized) cone of vision that a camera or eye would have to the rectangular viewports typically used in computer graphics. Some authors use pyramid of vision as a synonym for view frustum itself, i.e. consider it truncated.
The exact shape of this region varies depending on what kind of camera lens is being simulated, but typically it is a frustum of a rectangular pyramid (hence the name). The planes that cut the frustum perpendicular to the viewing direction are called the near plane and the far plane. Objects closer to the camera than the near plane or beyond the far plane are not drawn. Sometimes, the far plane is placed infinitely far away from the camera so all objects within the frustum are drawn regardless of their distance from the camera.
Viewing-frustum culling is the process of removing from the rendering process those objects that lie completely outside the viewing frustum. Rendering these objects would be a waste of resources since they are not directly visible. To make culling fast, it is usually done using bounding volumes surrounding the objects rather than the objects themselves.
The geometry is defined by a field of view angle (in the 'y' direction), as well as an aspect ratio. Further, a set of z-planes define the near and far bounds of the frustum. Together this information can be used to calculate a projection matrix for rendering transformation in a graphics pipeline.
Viewport

A viewport is a polygon viewing region in computer graphics.
In computer graphics theory, there are two region-like notions of relevance when rendering some objects to an image. In textbook terminology, the world coordinate window is the area of interest (meaning what the user wants to visualize) in some application-specific coordinates, e.g. miles, centimeters etc.
The word window as used here should not be confused with the GUI window, i.e. the notion used in window managers. Rather it is an analogy with how a window limits what one can see outside a room.
In contrast, the viewport is an area (typically rectangular) expressed in rendering-device-specific coordinates, e.g. pixels for screen coordinates, in which the objects of interest are going to be rendered. Clipping to the world-coordinates window is usually applied to the objects before they are passed through the window-to-viewport transformation. For a 2D object, the latter transformation is simply a combination of translation and scaling, the latter not necessarily uniform. An analogy of this transformation process based on traditional photography notions is to equate the world-clipping window with the camera settings and the variously sized prints that can be obtained from the resulting film image as possible viewports.
Because the physical-device-based coordinates may not be portable from one device to another, a software abstraction layer known as normalized device coordinates is typically introduced for expressing viewports; it appears for example in the Graphical Kernel System (GKS) and later systems inspired from it.
In 3D computer graphics, the viewport refers to the 2D rectangle used to project the 3D scene to the position of a virtual camera. A viewport is a region of the screen used to display a portion of the total image to be shown.
In virtual desktops, the viewport is the visible portion of a 2D area which is larger than the visualization device.
When viewing a document in a web browser, the viewport is the region of the browser window which contains the visible portion of the document. If the size of the viewport changes, for example as a result of the user resizing the browser window, then the browser may reflow the document (recalculate the locations and sizes of elements of the document). If the document is larger than the viewport, the user can control the portion of the document which is visible by scrolling in the viewport.
Governor of Central Java

The Governor of Central Java (Indonesian: Gubernur Jawa Tengah; Javanese: ꦒꦸꦧꦼꦂꦤꦸꦂꦗꦮꦶꦩꦢꦾ, romanized: Gubernur Jawi Madya) is the first-level regional head in Central Java along with the Deputy Governor and 120 members of the Central Java Regional House of Representatives. The Governor and Deputy Governor of Central Java are elected through general elections which are held every 5 years. The current governor of Central Java is Nana Sudjana.
The following is a list of governors of Central Java:
Langfossen

Langfossen, også kalt Langfoss, er en foss i Vaulaelva i Etne kommune i Vestland fylke. Fossen renner ut på sørsida av den innerste delen av Åkrafjorden. Med et totalfall på 612 meter er Langfossen den femte høyeste fossen i Norge. Europavei 134, som går langs Åkrafjorden, krysser fossen over en veibru like over utløpet i fjorden.
Ved fossen er det parkering og rasteplasser, noe som gjør fossen svært tilgjengelig for turister og skuelystne. Parkeringsplassen er også utgangspunkt for en skiltet topptur, en vandring langs bratte stier og steinlagt seterveg til Langfoss-stølen på fjellet.
I 1980 ble det vedtatt i verneplan for vassdrag at Langfossen skulle bli vernet i sommersesongen mellom 1. mai og 30. september.
I et tillegg ble det 18. februar 2005 vedtatt at fossen skal vernes hele året.
World Waterfall Database har kåret Langfossen til verdens vakreste foss.
I mars 2011 kåret CNN/Budget Travel Langfossen til en av verdens ti vakreste fossefall.
Liste over racerbaner i Norge

Dette er en liste over racingbaner i Norge for bilsport og annen motorsport, blant annet innen asfaltracing, gokart, bilcross, rallycross, crosskart, bakkeløp, dragrace, offroad, motocross, supercross, supermotard og enduro.
Det er per 2021 fire racerbaner i Norge som har FIA grad 3-godkjenning, og som dermed kan arrangere kategori 2-løp:
For nordmenn som bor langs grensen til Sverige kan det være en rekke svenske baner innenfor rekkevidde, eksempelvis:
Galdhøpiggen

Galdhøpiggen er Fastlands-Norges, Skandinavias og Nord-Europas høyeste fjell. Det har en høyde på 2 468,8 meter over havet. Fjellet ligger i Jotunheimen i Lom kommune i Innlandet fylke, på Jotunheimplatået på ca. 2 000 moh., og selve piggen stikker 420 meter over. Fjellet er også nr. 10 på listen over europeiske fjell med størst primærfaktor (prominence).
Geologisk sett hører Galdhøpiggen til Den kaledonske fjellkjede, i likhet med de fleste fjellkjeder i det sydlige Norge. Fjellet består hovedsakelig av den magmatiske bergarten gabbro, som finnes i store deler av Jotunheimen. Det var i istidene at fjellet fikk sin nåværende form, ettersom den var dekket av isbreer. Noen geologer har nå gått vekk i fra teorien om at de høyeste toppene i Norge sto opp av isen som nunataker.
Selv om Galdhøpiggen er landets høyeste fjell er det langt fra det mest ruvende fjellet vi har. Før nøyaktige høydemålinger kom på plass, ble andre topper som f.eks. Snøhetta (2 286 moh.) og Knutsholstinden (2 341 moh.) regnet for å være høyere.
Smelting av Juvfonne (nær Juvvatnet) og andre isfelt har avdekket mange gjenstander fra reinjakt fra steinalderen.
Galdhøpiggen ble besteget første gang i 1850 av gårdbruker Steinar Sulheim, kirkesanger Ingebrigt N. Flotten og lærer Lars Arnesen, alle fra Lom. I 1932 kjørte racerbilisten Erik Cederwall-Larsen til toppen i en Austin Seven montert med belter.
De vanligste rutene til toppen er fra Spiterstulen (1 104 moh.) og fra Juvasshytta (1 841 moh.) (krysser Styggebreen). Ruten fra Juvasshytta tar om lag tre timer opp (med ca. 45 minutter med forberedelser for kryssing av Styggebreen, én time på toppen og omtrent to timer ned. Å kjøre til Juvasshytta tar om lag 40 minutter fra Lom sentrum (15 minutter langs fylkesvei 55 og så 20 – 25 minutter opp bomveien til Juvasshytta.) Dette er Norges høystliggende bilvei. Det finnes også bussturer fra Lom med Innlandstrafikk.
Selv om ruten fra Juvasshytta krever kryssing av Styggebreen er denne ruten den korteste til toppen. Turen fra Spiterstulen er lengre og tar ca. fem timer opp og tre timer ned. Her stiger man ca. 1400 høydemeter fra start til toppen. Ruten krever ikke kryssing av isbre eller klatring og gjennomføres uten guide.
I dag står det en steinhytte på toppen av Galdhøpiggen, den fjerde i rekken (de tre første ble tatt av uvær). Her er det om sommeren en liten kiosk.
Åge Skinstad

Åge Skinstad (født 18. september 1964) er en norsk tidligere eliteløper i langrenn. I oktober 2022 ble han ansatt som daglig leder for ski-VM 2025 i Trondheim.
Skinstad er utdannet lærer i merkantile fag. I 2006 forlot han jobben som landsansvarlig for Adidas Norge, for å bli sportssjef for langrenn i Norges Skiforbund, etter Bjørnar Håkensmoen. Fra mars 2015 til 2017 var han direktør i NHO innlandet, der han overtok etter Christl Kvam. I desember 2017 begynte han som direktør for Sport-divisjonen i Brav Norway (tidligere Swix Sport) med ansvar for merkevarene Swix og Toko. I 2021 ble han administrerende direktør i Hapro Jobb & Karriere.
Åge Skinstad er opprinnelig fra Lensbygda i Østre Toten, men bor nå på Gjøvik. Han er også trener og motivator for sine egne sønner, Mårten og Petter Soleng Skinstad, som sammen har langrennslaget Team Sport 1 Skinstad. Som aktiv huskes han nok best for å ha blitt diskvalifisert i Vasaloppet, en femteplass i Vasaloppet, og for stafettsølvet fra norgesmesterskapet i 1989 for Lensbygda Sportsklubb sammen med Jo Helgestad og Svein Smedshammer. Skinstad gikk da sisteetappen og tapte spurten mot en ung Bjørn Dæhlie. Han har også en verdenscupseier i stafett, og en 13.-plass som beste plassering individuelt i et verdenscuprenn. Skinstad er tidenes mestvinnende norske sportssjef for et landslag.
Skinstad er kjent som ekspertkommentator i langrenn for NRK. Etter at Nordic Entertainment Group overtok rettighetene for sending av verdenscupen i langrenn i 2021, begynte han der.
Magnor

Magnor (skogfinsk: Mangnora) er et tettsted i Eidskog kommune i Innlandet. Tettstedet har 938 innbyggere per 1. januar 2023, og ligger ikke langt fra grensen mot Sverige.
Magnor er et gammelt industristed med Magnor Glassverk, Hydro Extrusion Norway, H-vinduet og flere industribedrifter. Stedet har også barneskole og dagligvareforretning.
30. juni 2020 offentliggjorde den norske møbelprodusenten Vestre AS planer om å bygge en møbelfabrikk på Magnor. Investeringen er den største i norsk møbelindustri på flere tiår. Fabrikken «The Plus» er tegnet av BIG Bjarke Ingels Group i København og ble åpnet våren 2022.
Frithjof Smith-Hald

Frithjof Smith-Hald (født 13. september 1846 i Kristiansand, død 11. mars 1903 i Chicago) var en norsk landskapsmaler.
Fra 1865 til 1870 gikk han på Den kongelige tegneskole (etablert 1816) i hovedstaden Christiania og på Johan Fredrik Eckersbergs (1822–1870) malerskole i Grensen (etablert 1859). Fra 1871 til 1873 flyttet han til Karlsruhe i Tyskland og lærte hos Hans Gude (1825–1903) som hadde tiltrådt der i 1864. Fra 1873 til 1878 var han ved kunstakademiet i Düsseldorf der Gude hadde vært fra 1841. Men han foretrakk Paris og flyttet dit i 1878, og ble Norges kanskje mest kjente landskapsmaler i Europa på den tiden. Han mottok diverse utenlandske medaljer og utmerkelser. På 1890-tallet var familien flyttet til Bergen, men flyttet utenlands igjen i 1895, og bodde blant annet i belgiske Antwerpen fra 1898. Frithjof reiste til Minnesota høsten 1902 med utstillingen sin, og døde av lungebetennelse i Chicago i 1903.
Han var sønn av justissekretær Christian Fredrik Smith og Karen Christine Hald. Derfor ble etternavnet Smith-Hald. Selv giftet han seg med Anna Ida Østrup Dahl (1854–1944) som var søster av landskapsmaleren Hans Dahl (1849–1937). De ble foreldre til Frithjof Smith-Hald (1879–1928) og maleren Bjørn Smith-Hald (1883–1964). Datteren Helga Smith-Hald (født 1877) ble komponist og giftet seg i Paris i 1909 med den amerikanske George Edward Gouraud (1842–1912).
Historisk arkiv for norsk landskapsarkitektur

Historisk arkiv for norsk landskapsarkitektur (ANLA) ble etablert i 2014 av Institutt for landskapsarkitektur (ILA) ved Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet (NMBU). Arkivet dokumenterer utviklingen av norsk landskapsarkitektur gjennom det siste århundret og inneholder blant annet studentarbeider, kart, planer, fotografier og skriftlig dokumentasjon fra fremtredende lærere og fagpersoner innen feltet.
Etableringen av arkivet reflekterer NMBUs status som hjem for verdens nest eldste utdanning i landskapsarkitektur. Arkivet forvaltes og vedlikeholdes av forskningsgruppen "Teori og historie i landskapsarkitektur" ved ILA. Forskningsgruppen ble grunnlagt i 2010 med hovedformål å inspirere og styrke forskning innen landskapsarkitekturens historie og grønn kulturminneforvaltning. Arbeidet med arkivet styrker forskningsmiljøet ved ILA og fremmer synergien mellom forskning, praksis og utdanning.
Historisk arkiv for norsk landskapsarkitektur (ANLA) var et av grunnleggerne av NELA (Network of European Landscape Architecture Archives), etablert under ECLAS (European Council of Landscape Architecture Schools)-konferansen i Ås, Norge, i 2019.
I 2022 bidro ANLA til forskningsnettverket «Where Are the Women in Scandinavian Landscape Architecture?» ved å arrangere en egen workshop.
ANLA organiserte også en workshop og et offentlig symposium med tittelen «Changing Profession of Landscape Architecture in the 1960s-70s» som en del av AHRC-prosjektet «IFLA 75: Uncovering Hidden Histories in Landscape Architecture», som varte fra november 2022 til november 2024.
Fra høsten 2024 har ANLA vært partner i COST Action «Connecting Landscape Architecture Archives to Enhance European Landscape Practice, Research, and Education (ConnectLAA)», som vil pågå fra 2024 til 2028.
Torshovparken

Torshovparken (ikke å forveksle med Torshovdalen) er en stor park på Torshov i Oslo, anlagt på 1920-tallet som en del av Torshovbyen, boligområdet som ble bygget ut i kommunal regi.
Parken avgrenses av Agathe Grøndahl gate i nord, Johan Svendsens gate i sydøst, Hegermanns gate i syd og Per Kvibergs gate i vest. Parken ligger i bydel Sagene.
Torshovparken er 41 mål i utstrekning og ligger på en naturlig høyde, som ble øket med overskuddsmasser fra utbyggingen,. Det er utsikt mot byen og fjorden fra toppunktet (87 meter over havet) midt i parken, der musikkpaviljongen er plassert i enden av en allé mot nord.
Torshovparken er stilmessig på overgangen mellom den formale parkstilen, med symmetri og streng orden og ofte musikkpaviljong som midtpunkt, og funksjonalistisk parkstil, med enkelhet og åpne gressflater, bevaring av opprinnelig terreng, tilrettelegging for barn og unges aktiviteter, og nordiske treslag.
I skråningen mot syd og øst er det store plener tenkt for aking og skilek. Nord i parken ligger en dam og en nedlagt barnepark. Parken og Lilleborgbanen sør for parken er mye brukt av Lilleborg skole, som ligger like ved.
I sommersesongen arrangeres konserter i parken av lokale skolekorps og andre, blant annet festivalen Musikkfest Oslo, og filmfremvisning.
I parken er det tre skulpturer:
Torshovparken ligger på det området kommunen kjøpte i 1916 for å bygge Torshovbyen. Bygartner Marius Røhne la frem en plan for park i 1924. Dette var den første parken i byen som ble anlagt etter en samlet plan av det Parkvesenet som ble opprettet i 1916.
I 1926 tok Sagene og Torshov lag av Arbeiderpartiet initiativ til å få reist en byste av Fernanda Nissen i parken. Midlene til bysten kom for det meste fra konserter på St. Hanshaugen der kunstnere opptrådte gratis. Bysten ble avduket da parken ble offisielt åpnet 13. september 1931.
I 1940 ble Torshovparken tatt i bruk til dyrking av mat for den lokale befolkningen. Fra 1942 ble områder av parken delt ut som private parseller.
Fra 1946 arrangerte kommunen parkkvelder med konserter i Torshovparken. Sommeren 2007 ble det satt ut offentlig toalett i parken.
I 2006 ga bydelsutvalget tillatelse til restaurantdrift ved paviljongen. Sommeren 2012 ble det oppført et midlertidig byggverk med tilhørende uteservering. Byggverket er oppført tett opp til musikkpaviljongen og har vakt stor motstand i nærmiljøet. Det ble opprettet en gruppe på Facebook for å få fjernet restauranten. Aksjonen fikk støtte av ICOMOS Norwegian Scientific Committee on Cultural Landscapes. Også Fortidsminneforeningens Oslo og Akershus-avdeling sendte bydel Sagene en uttalelse, (datert 24.6.13). Bygget ble revet høst/vinter 2013.
Morten Müller

Morten Müller (født 28. februar 1828 i Holmestrand i Vestfold, død 10. februar 1911) var en norsk landskapsmaler. Han er særlig kjent for sine romantiske tablåer av fjorder og furuskoger.
Han var sønn av fogd med samme navn, Morten Müller (1791–1864) av Müller (slekt) og Cecilie Cathrine Frost (født 1790). Morten Müller begynte sine kunststudier hos Adolph Tidemand og Hans Gude i Düsseldorf i Tyskland fra 1847 til 1848. Seinere fortsatte han som student ved akademiet i byen under Johann Wilhelm Schirmer. Han ble siden påvirket av August Cappelen og Marcus Larson som han arbeidet sammen med i Stockholm fra 1850 til 1851. Fra 1866 til 1873 bodde Morten Müller i Oslo, der han fra 1870 underviste sammen med Knud Bergslien på Johan Fredrik Eckersbergs malerskole. Etter dette arbeidet han i Düsseldorf og ble der fram til sin død.
I 1874 ble Morten Müller hoffmaler og medlem av akademiet i Stockholm. Bildene hans omsettes i høy prisklasse.
Nasjonalgalleriet i Oslo har seks bilder av Morten Müller, Bergen kunstmuseum to, Stavanger ett og Stockholm museum tre.
Sollia (fjell)

Sollia er et fjell på Gurskøya i Møre og Romsdal, på grensa mellom Herøy og Sande kommuner. Fjellet har to toppunkter; det vestligste punktet ligger på grensa mellom de to kommuner, og er det høyeste punktet i Sande kommune med 660,3 moh. Men det høyeste punktet ligger drøyt 100 meter lengre øst, og er høyest i Herøy med 661 moh.
Skjorta (Gloppen)

Skjorta er et fjell på grensen mellom Gloppen kommune og Jølster i Sunnfjord kommune, med en topphøyde på 1 472 meter over havet. Fjellet stiger 1 411 meter opp fra Breimsvatnets sørvestlige side, og er et landemerke fra Europavei 39 som går langs Breimsvatnets nordside. Med litt fantasi kan fjellets navn forklares ut fra fasong, sett fra nord. Sett fra tettstedet Reed blir det også sagt at breen like under toppen av fjellet har form (og farge) som en skjorte.
Fjellet bestiges fra Jølster i sør, eller opp langs vestre rygg fra Kandal.
The Best in Heritage

The Best in Heritage (TBIH) er en ikke-statlig organisasjon med hovedkontor i Kroatias hovedstad Zagreb. Organisasjonen har som formål å arrangere en konferanse for å skape internasjonal oppmerksomhet om særlig vellykkede satsninger for å bevare verdens kulturminner («to remain world's unique event showcasing best achievements in the heritage sector.»).
Organisasjonen arrangerer en årlig, global konferanse med prisvinnende museum, kulturarvs- og bevaringsprosjekter, i samarbeid med International Councils of Museums (ICOM), Europa Nostra og Creative Europe. Den første konferansen ble avholdt i 2002.
Per 2021 har følgende 14 norske institusjoner vært representert på TBIHs konferanser: