davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Liosta de ghlasraí duilleogacha

Seo liosta plandaí a bhfuil ról cócaireachta acu mar ghlasraí. Is féidir úsáid a bhaint as an téarma "glasra" le haghaidh bríonna éagsúla, lena n-áirítear cócaireachta, luibheolaíochta agus dlíthiúla. Áirítear sa liosta seo torthaí luibheolaíochta ar nós puimcíní, agus ní áirítear luibheanna, spíosraí, gránaigh agus an chuid is mó de thorthaí cócaireachta agus chnónna cócaireachta. Níl fungais inite san áireamh sa liosta.
Bíonn glasraí slíthiúla sainithe chun críocha rialála, cánachais agus eile. D'áireofaí an trátaí mar shampla, gur sméar luibheolaíochta é, ach gur glasra cócaireachta é de réir dlí na Stát Aontaithe.
Níl roinnt glasraí cócaireachta, mar shampla sleabhac, fiú ina mbaill de ríocht na bplandaí.
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Briain Mac Óda

Bainisteoir agus iarimreoir iománaíochta é Briain Mac Óda (Béarla: Brian Cody), a rugadh i gContae Chill Chainnigh, Poblacht na hÉireann sa bhliain 1954. Bhain sé cáil amach ina iománaí leis an bhfoireann idirchontae Chill Chainnigh sna 1970idí agus na 1980idí, agus ba bhainisteoir rathúil é ar an bhfoireann chéanna. Fógraíodh ar 23 Iúil 2022 go raibh Cody ag éirigh as a ról mar bhainisteoir Chill Chainnigh.
Saolaíodh Briain Mac Óda sa bhliain 1954 i Sheestown, baile beag cúig chiliméadar ó chathair Chill Chainnigh. D'éirigh sé aníos i dteaghlach a bhí an-ghníomhach sa Chumann Lúthchleas Gael, agus bhí a athair ina chathaoirleach ar an gclub áitiúil Séamas Mac Stiofáin ar feadh seacht mbliana déag. D'fhreastail Mac Óda ar an scoil náisiúnta sa cheantar ar dtús, an scoil De La Salle níos déanaí agus ansin Coláiste Naomh Chiaráin. Ba scoil an-láidir é Naomh Ciarán i gcúrsaí spóirt, agus an iomáint go háirithe. Bhí sé ina dhalta sa choláiste seo nuair a fuair Mac Óda a chéad bhlas den iomáint, agus bhain sé a chéad bhonn amach i gCraobh Choláistí na hÉireann sa bhliain 1971. Cuireadh an rath seo tús ar a ghairmréim leis an bhfoireann idirchontae.
Bhain Mac Óda céim amach freisin, agus chaith sé tréimhse ag múineadh sa scoil De La Salle. Phós sé le hElsie Walsh as Contae Loch Garman, bean a d'imir camógaíocht san fhoireann idirchontae. Is iománaí leis na gCait é a mhac Donnacha Mac Óda, a bhris isteach san fhoireann sinsearach sa bhliain 2006.
Chuaigh Mac Óda isteach san fhoireann idirchontae mionúrach sa bhliain 1972. Ina chaptaen a bhí sé an bhliain seo, agus bhuaigh an fhoireann Craobh Laighean agus Craobh na hÉireann chomh maith. Mar gheall ar an rath a bhí aige ina mhionúr dó, tógadh isteach sa scuaid sinsearach é an bhliain ina dhiaidh 1973. Foireann iontach a bhí ann sna laethanta seo, agus fuair Mac Óda seans imirt in éineacht leis na sár-iománaithe Nollaig Ó Sceacháin, Éadbhard Ó Cathaoir agus daoine eile. Ag an am céanna, bhí sé ag imirt san fhoireann faoi-21 freisin, agus bhuaigh siad Craobh na hÉireann dhá bhliain i ndiaidh a chéile idir na blianta 1974 agus 1975. Sna séasúir céanna, bhain Mac Óda amach a chéad bhoinn sinsearacha i gCraobh Laighean agus Craobh na hÉireann. Mar aitheantas ar an rath a bhí aige, bronnadh a chéad gradam Sárimreoirí na Bliana air sa bhliain 1975. Ní raibh an t-ádh ar na gCait sna blianta 1976 agus 1977, tréimhse ina raibh Loch Garman ag fáil an lámh in uachtar sa chúige.
2RN (stáisiún raidió RTÉ)

Bunaíodh an chéad stáisiún raidió, 2RN, seirbhís raidió na hÉireann, i mBaile Átha Cliath sa bhliain 1926. Chuir Dubhghlas de hÍde tús le 2RN go poiblí ar an 1 Eanáir 1926. .
Tharla an chéad chraoladh 2RN an 14 Samhain 1925 nuair a dúirt Seamus Clandillon, stiúrthóir an stáisiúin 2RN, 'Seo Raidió 2RN, Baile Átha Cliath ag tástáil'. Bhí an tarchuradóir suite i nDún Mhic Aoidh.
Cuireadh tús le seirbhís raidió na hÉireann ar bhun rialta ar 1 Eanáir 1926.
Bhí an Ghaeilge i lár an aonaigh an oíche úd, nuair a d’oscail Dubhghlas de hÍde an stáisiún ar chuireadh ón stiúrthóir Séamus de Chlanndiolúin, ar Ghaeilgeoir mór é féin. Níor labhair de hÍde ach cúpla abairt Bhéarla i dtús a chuid cainte agus chuir sé clabhsúr orthu mar seo: ‘This much I have said in English for any strangers who may be listening in. Now I address my own countrymen...’. Lean sé air i nGaeilge ina dhiaidh sin, rud a chuir an conach ar roinnt éisteoirí Éireannacha nár theastaigh go dtabharfaí ‘strangers’ orthu.
Ba é an breithiúnas a dhein staraí amháin ar oíche thionscnaimh na seirbhíse – le hóráid de hÍde, amhráin Ghaelacha ó de Chlanndiolúin agus a bhean agus ceol ón bparlús Victeoiriach – ná gur ‘Gaelic League night out’ a bhí ann. Bhí an chéad oíche mealltach do mheánaicme na cathrach amháin: ‘Is beag blas a gheobhadh muintir na tuaithe ná muintir na Gaeltachta ar a leithéid de chlár’.
Ní raibh an chuid is mó de mhuintir na hÉireann, áfach, in ann comhartha raidió 2RN a fháil. Fuair ​​siad go leor gearán ó Chorcaigh ach go háirithe agus bunaíodh 6CK i gCorcaigh i 1927 (dúnadh é sna 1950í).
Bunaíodh stáisiún náisiúnta i mBaile Átha Luain i 1932, “Radio Átha Luain” agus bhí sé le fáil ar fud na tíre ar fad. Dúnadh 2RN sa bhliain 1933. Athainmníodh “Radio Átha Luain” mar “Radio Éireann” sa bhliain 1937.
Siuán Ní Mhaonaigh

Is as Gaeltacht Ghaoth Dobhair do Shiuán Ní Mhaonaigh, a bhfuil céim BA aici ó Choláiste Phádraig, Má Nuad agus céim MPhil sa Teangeolaíocht Fheidhmeach ó Choláiste na Tríonóide. Is taighdeoir agus comhairleoir teanga í a bhfuil saineolas aici ar chúrsaí measúnachta agus teagaisc. Tá sí ina Stiúrthóir ar Theastas Eorpach na Gaeilge (www.teg.ie) tionscadal de chuid Lárionad na Gaeilge, Ollscoil Mhá Nuad.
Tá réimse leathan ábhair oideachais scríofa ag Siuán fá choinne scoileanna dara leibhéal, thuaidh agus theas. Ina measc sin tá, Blas: Cleachtaí Foghraíochta (COGG, 2014), na trí théacsleabhar sa tsraith Snas agus Blas (CCEA, 2017–8) agus Dúchas (COGG, 2019).
Tá réimse leathan ábhar scríofa acu fá choinne foghlaimeoirí fásta. Ina measc sin, tá an cúrsa ilmheáin Speaking Irish/An Ghaeilge Bheo (McGraw-Hill, 2008).
Tír Chonaill

Ríocht Ghaelach na meánaoise ba ea Tír Chonaill, air go garbh áit a bhfuil Contae Dhún na nGall i gcúige Uladh an lae inniu. Ag a hachar is mó, bhí inti cuid de chontaetha in aice léi. Áit dúchais Chineál Chonaill de chuid Uí Néill an Tuaiscirt a bhí inti.
Ó thús a bunaithe ag Conall Gulban sa 5ú haois, fo-aonaid Ailigh ba ea an tuath, i dteannta le Cineál Eoghain, gaoil Chineál Chonaill trí Niall Naoighiallach, mar a mhaíodh. Thángadar i réim agus cumhacht na nUladh ag dul i léig, a laghdaigh a riocht in oirthuaisceart na cúige.
Sa 12ú haois, scaradh ríocht Ailigh in dhá leath. D'éirigh an tuath Chineál Chonaill ina Tír Chonaill, faoi cheannas Uí Domhnaill. Tharla troid ann i rith Cogadh na Naoi mBliana ag deireadh na 16ú haoise. Sa bhliain 1607, tugadh le chéile é i Ríocht na hÉireann faoi riail na Sasanach, tar éis Teitheadh na nIarlaí, Ruairí Ó Domhnaill, 1d Iarla Thír Conaill ina measc.
Bhíodh Tír Chonaill suite go formhór i gContae Dhún na nGall mar atá inniu ann, cé go raibh an ríocht níos mó tráth, agus inti cuid de chontaetha Doire, Tír Eoghain, Fear Manach, Liatroma agus Sligigh. Dar le Seathrún Céitinn, bhíodh inti na barúntachtaí Cairbre i Sligeach, Ros Clochair (Dartraí) i Liatroim agus an Machaire Buí, go formhór Tuath Ratha agus Lorg, i bhFear Manach.
Ba í Críostaíocht Chaitliceach an reiligiún is suntasaí i ríocht Tír Chonaill.
Bhí bunaitheoir na clainne, Conall Gulban, an chéad rí tiontaithe ag Naomh Pádraig, mar a mhaítear. Meastar gurb ar cheann de thriúr naomhphatrúin na hÉireann é Naomh Colm Cille, a rugadh ag Conbháil.
Is ionann go garbh iad, ó thaobh críocha de, Tír Chonaill agus Deoise Ráth Bhotha, cruthaithe ag Sionad Ráth Bhreasail sa bhliain 1111.
Níos deireanaí, chuir Cineál Chonaill an cros mar tsiombal ar a gcuid armas agus ghlac an mana in hoc signo vinces.
Teimpléad:Connachta
Ríthe Thír Chonaill

Anseo a leanas liosta de ríthe Tír Chonaill, ríocht Ghaelach na meánaoise suite a bheadh nó a mhór i gContae Dhún na nGall an lae inniu.
Bunaíodh Cineál Chonaill sa chúigiú haois ag Conall Gulban mhic Néill Naoighiallaigh. Bhíodar i réim ann go dtí Teitheadh na nIarlaí i Meán Fómhair 1607, rud a chuir deireadh leis an ríocht.
Narasinganavar family

The Narasinganavar family is a patriarchal Jain family of about 206 individuals who are residing together in the village of Lokur in the Dharwad district of Karnataka, India. All the individuals in the family share a common ancestry and this family is recognised as one of the largest undivided families in the world. The family spans across five generations and lives in two adjacent houses in the village. Bhimanna Jinapa Narasinganavar is the patriarch of the family and the entire family has lunch and dinner together. This is an extreme example of the joint family system that is in vogue in India.
Narasinganavar, the pater familias of the family originally belonged to the Hatkal Angada village near Miraj in Maharashtra. He was a wrestler and once visited the Durga temple at Lokur. Allegedly, it was Durga who instructed him to shift base to Lokur. He purchased a small piece of land in Lokur, started farming and married a local girl. The couple had seven children and they formed the initial set of people who later bore other generations of children to become a gigantic family.
Tammanna who is aged around 90 years is the eldest male person in the family. The head of the family is Bhimanna who at 74 years old is the most educated person in his generation. Together there are around 70 men, 50 women and 60 children in the family. The family follows a rule that all family members must eat lunch and dinner together since they feel that people who eat together, stay together. They consume 50 kg of maize, 20 kg wheat flour and 40 litres of milk daily. The family is male-dominated with women having much less freedom. The menfolk in the family prefer less-educated girls with a view that girls with more education can bring disharmony among them. Several marriages are performed collectively after which the couples settle down in and around the ancestral home. The annual budget of the family is about 1.2 million rupees while a further 300 thousand rupees is spent on clothing, medicines and agriculture. The family grows all the vegetables and grains needed for its consumption in the 270 acres (1.1 km) of farming land that it owns. Other prominent members in the family include Padmanna who supervises agricultural activities, Mahaveer who looks after the supply of materials to the kitchen, Dharanendra who looks after the dairy and Devendra who maintains the vehicles the family owns and the borewells. The women in the family mostly work in the kitchen, tend to the children and look after the cleanliness in the house. The girls in the family are married off after they complete their secondary education.
In 1992, the Hindi film director, Ketan Mehta completed a documentary film titled All in the Family on the Narasinganavars. In 2007, a photo exhibition portraying different facets of the family was organised by the photographer K. Venkatesh at the Chitrakala Parishat in Bangalore.
List of Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps episodes

This is a list of episodes of the British television sitcom, Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps, a BBC series written by Susan Nickson that ran for 9 series from February 2001 to May 2011. It is set in Runcorn, Cheshire and is about the lives and relationships of five twentysomethings.
It was announced by the BBC in 2011 that a ninth series of Two Pints would be filmed in 2011 and shown later in the year with two new characters called Cassie and Billy. A plot summary of the new "refreshed" series was issued by the BBC. This was the final ever series due to BBC Three axeing the show in July.
Simple and Crisp

Simple & Crisp is a dried fruit company in Seattle, Washington that produces and sells "artisanal" dried apple, orange, pear and blood orange crackers.
Simple & Crisp was founded by Jane Yuan, a former publicist and marketing consultant. Yuan launched the company in late 2012.
The gluten-free fruit crackers created by Simple & Crisp are intended to be used as a pairing to foods such as cheese and desserts or garnishes to beverages such as champagne or cocktails.
The product is stocked at national retailers such as Whole Foods Market, Williams Sonoma and Dean & DeLuca.
Robert Ehrlich (businessman)

Robert Ehrlich (born 1958/1959) is an American entrepreneur and an ex-commodities trader. Ehrlich founded Robert's American Gourmet Food, a manufacturer of organic snack foods which includes Pirate's Booty.
Ehrlich started his company after seeing a bag of cheese puffs that contained no cheese, which inspired the Pirate's Booty line of snacks, eventually growing to a $50 million business. He later founded Vegan Rob's, which produces vegan and gluten free snacks such as vegan cheese puffs and popcorn. Ehrlich earned over $70 million from Pirates Booty's $195 million acquisition by B&G Foods.
In 2004, Ehrlich lost a lawsuit over a zoning dispute with his home village of Sea Cliff, New York, claiming discrimination against his Jewish identity. Ehrlich was ordered to pay $900,000 in legal fees.
In 2015 he sued former partners, alleging fraud, coercion, and exclusion from negotiations. His claims—including harassment and threats—were widely dismissed as frivolous. Arbitration and countersuits followed, reinforcing a pattern of legal disputes that have marked his career. Former associates viewed the lawsuit as vindictive, while Ehrlich insisted he was wronged.
In 2025, Ehrlich launched an unsuccessful and highly controversial write-in campaign for mayor of Sea Cliff, New York. Just days before the election, he declared himself the town’s rightful leader and claimed to have gathered enough signatures to dissolve the local government. Ehrlich referenced a New York state law which permits residents "to dissolve their town or reformulate it" with signatures from 10% of the town's voters. He claimed—without evidence—that he had gathered 1,800 signatures, and dismissed the incumbent administration as illegitimate.
During the election, Ehlrich received 62 votes against the winning candidate’s 1,064. Following this, he refused to concede and insisted the election was “rigged”, vowing to continue his efforts through legal action and public protest. His campaign, marked by secrecy, unverified claims, and threats of retaliation against town officials, drew widespread criticism and reinforced his reputation as a polarizing figure in the community.
Ciabatta

Ciabatta (/tʃəˈbɑːtə, -ˈbæt-/, Italian: [tʃaˈbatta]; lit. 'slipper') is an Italian white bread created in 1982 by a baker in Adria, Veneto, in response to the popularity of French baguettes. Ciabatta is somewhat elongated, broad, and flat, and is baked in many variations, although unique for its alveolar holes. Ciabatta is made with a strong flour and uses a very high hydration dough.
The name was given to the bread because of its flat, oval shape. Ciabatta in Italian means 'carpet slipper'.
Ciabatta bread was first produced in 1982, by Arnaldo Cavallari, who called the bread ciabatta polesana after Polesine, the area he lived in. The recipe was subsequently licensed by Cavallari's company, Molini Adriesi, to bakers in 11 countries by 1999. Cavallari and other bakers in Italy were concerned by the popularity of sandwiches made from baguettes imported from France, which were endangering their businesses, and so set about trying to create an Italian alternative with which to make sandwiches. The recipe for ciabatta came about after several weeks of trying variations of traditional bread recipes and consists of a soft, wet dough made with high gluten flour.
Many regions have their own variations on the original recipe or a bread that closely resembles ciabatta and has become accepted as a variety of ciabatta; the ciabatta from the area encompassing Lake Como has a crisp crust, a somewhat soft, porous texture, and is light to the touch. The ciabatta found in Tuscany, Umbria, and Marche regions varies from bread that has a firm crust and dense crumb to bread that has a crisper crust and more open texture. In Rome, it is often seasoned with marjoram.
New variations of the recipe continue to be developed. Whole-wheat ciabatta is known as ciabatta integrale, and when milk is added to the dough, it becomes ciabatta al latte.
Ciabatta bread was introduced to the United Kingdom in 1985 by Marks & Spencer, then to the United States in 1987 by Orlando Bakery, a Cleveland firm.
Waffle Crisp

Waffle Crisp is a breakfast cereal made by Post Consumer Brands, which contains maple syrup–flavored corn cereal bits in a waffle shape. It was first launched in 1996. In 2013, Post introduced a lower-priced version of the cereal, "Waffle Crunch", as part of their Good MOREnings line of budget cereals. According to customer service at Post Foods, Waffle Crisp was discontinued in August 2018.
In January 2021, Post Foods made the decision to return Waffle Crisp to market. The company’s senior associate brand manager, Joe Woodward, stated that fans of the cereal had expressed great interest in Waffle Crisp even after its discontinuation in 2018. Post Foods helped promote the return of the cereal by sending out samples of the new Waffle Crisp to social media influencers ahead of its relaunch. This action by Post follows as part of their decision to reintroduce some of their old brands, which can be seen with the return of the Oreo O's Cereal.
The original Waffle Crisp mascots were a group of elderly women, dubbed "grannies", who purportedly cooked each individual piece as if it were an actual, miniature-sized waffle. Most of the commercials for Waffle Crisp from the late 1990s featured preteen kids attempting to break into the (surprisingly high-tech) factory to steal the cereal's secret recipe or, at the very least, get a large quantity of Waffle Crisp for themselves (in other words, steal one box of this cereal).
The mascot after that was an anthropomorphic waffle with red tennis shoes dubbed "Waffle Boy". He defends the cereal against a cartoon villain known as "Professor Burnt Toast".
Sweet Taste of Souls

Sweet Taste of Souls is a 2020 American fantasy horror film directed by Terry Ross and written by F. Scott Mudgett. The film stars Honey Lauren, John Salandria, Mark Valeriano, Amber Gaston and Thom Michael Mulligan.
When band members stop at a roadside cafe for a slice of pie, they find themselves locked up in the unstable cafe owners surreal art collection and must battle a menacing force with a taste for souls.
The film was produced by Flying Dolphin Productions. Principal photography took place in Julian, California as well as San Diego County over twenty six days.
The film screened at Cosmo Film Festival. It was released on November 1, 2020 and distributed by TriCoast Worldwide.
Paul Chapinal at Film-news.co.uk scored it 3 out of 5, claiming it has "enough twists and turns to keep the attention." The Scariest Things scored it 3 out of 5, concluding it is "Delicious cherry pie." Horror Bound called it "a new unique tale in horror." In a review at PopHorror, Anthony Baamonde claims the "acting is fabulous, and Honey Lauren totally steals the show." In a less favorable review, Explosion Network scored it 4 out of 10 claiming that the "core concept is unique enough to carry the weaker parts of the film." Without Your Head scored the film 2 out of 5 stating the film had "great concepts that never get the execution they deserve." Film critic Jennie Kermode at Eye for Film scored in 1 out of 5, stating "you'll be left feeling as if you've been watching this picture for years."
Galway Hooker (brewery)

The Galway Hooker Brewery is based in Oranmore, County Galway, Ireland. The brewery was founded in 2006 by two cousins, Aidan Murphy and Ronan Brennan, and the name of the brewery and its first beer were decided by an online competition to choose a name.
Galway Hooker Brewery coined the beer name "Irish Pale Ale" in 2006 and Galway Hooker Irish Pale Ale is the brewery's flagship product. It is brewed in 650 litre batches. The beer is similar to traditional Pale Ales such as that brewed by the Sierra Nevada Brewing Company in the US, but it has an added taste of caramel similar to an Irish red beer. It is made from mainly pearl and crystal malt and Saaz and Cascade hops. It has a bitterness of 35 IBUs and is 4.3% alcohol by volume.
The beer is available kegged on draught and is available in pubs throughout Galway, Dublin, Cork and Roscommon and other towns across Ireland.
The brewery's bottle range was expanded in 2014 and includes Galway Hooker Irish Stout, Galway Hooker Amber Lager and Galway Hooker Sixty Knots IPA (6.5%) which are available throughout the country in independent off-licences, local supermarkets, restaurants and hotels. Galway Hooker Irish Stout, Amber Lager and Sixty Knots IPA are also available in a limited supply on draught. It also produces a number of specials from time-to time which have been available in Galway City including a dark wheat beer and a pilsner. The brewery has also brewed some festival beer specials including an Irish Coffee Porter, a Weissbier and a dry hopped IPA.
Galway Hooker was previously brewed on the site of the defunct Emerald Brewery just outside Roscommon town. Galway Hooker bought the building and equipment previously used by Emerald.
In May 2014, the company moved location and installed a new state-of-the art brewery in Oranmore, County Galway.
The brewery regularly attends beer festivals in Ireland such as the annual Irish Craft Beer and Cider Festival in the RDS, Dublin.
The company is a member of the Independent Craft Brewers of Ireland association and the Irish beer consumer group Beoir.
Jack Link's

Link Snacks, Inc., better known as Jack Link's Protein Snacks, or simply Jack Link's (and occasionally mistaken as "Jack's Link's"), is an American snack company best known as the producer and marketer of the eponymous brand of beef jerky. It was founded by John 'Jack' Link in 1986, using the recipes of his great-grandfather, Chris Link, a master sausage maker from Germany. They are known for their "Messin' with Sasquatch" ads.
In addition to their original facility in Minong, Wisconsin, the company also has facilities across the Midwest including in New Glarus, Wisconsin; Alpena, South Dakota; Mankato, Minnesota; Laurens, Iowa; and Underwood, Iowa; and its marketing office in Minneapolis.
On April 1, 2014, Jack Link's bought Unilever's meat snack division in an attempt to expand its consumer base into Europe. The purchase includes the BiFi brand, sold across Europe and Peperami, which retails in the UK, Ireland and Mexico; and the manufacturing unit in Ansbach, Germany.
In addition to traditional beef jerky, the company also manufactures bacon jerky, made with salt-and-sugar cured pork meat.
In 2019 Jack Links acquired the Golden Island brand from Tyson Foods.
In 2013, they signed a sponsorship deal with the Seattle Mariners. In April 2015 Jack Link's Beef Jerky changed its logo "to better represent the brand’s 'Feed Your Wild Side' positioning and overall appeal." This new logo was designed by Davis Design of Mississauga, Ontario. In 2017, Jack Link's extended its "Messin' with Sasquatch" ad campaign to feature NBA player Karl-Anthony Towns. The company also employs a nutritionist, Christina Meyer-Jax, to explain the dietary value of protein as part of their marketing.
In December 2021, six European supermarket chains, including two owned by the Dutch firm Ahold Delhaize and a Carrefour subsidiary, said they would stop selling some or all beef products from Brazil. The companies' decision was made due to suspected ties with the clearing of segments of the Amazon rainforest for local cattle farming. The world's largest meatpacker JBS and Jack Link's each source cattle from Brazil.
Cookie Crisp

Cookie Crisp is a breakfast cereal that is manufactured to look like chocolate chip cookies. It is produced by General Mills in the United States and Cereal Partners under the Nestlé brand in other countries. Introduced in 1977, it was originally produced by Ralston Purina until they sold the trademark to General Mills in 1997.
From its introduction in 1977 until the early 1990s, Cookie Crisp was available in three varieties: Chocolate Chip Cookie Crisp, Vanilla Wafer Cookie Crisp and Oatmeal Cookie Crisp.
Peanut Butter Cookie Crisp was introduced in 2005 but was phased out by 2007.
Double Chocolate Cookie Crisp was introduced in 2007.
Sprinkles Cookie Crisp was introduced in July 2009. This variety contains crisps shaped like tiny vanilla cookies topped with tiny multicolored sprinkles.
Birthday Cake Cookie Crisp was introduced in March 2018.
Keebler Cookie Crunch was introduced by Kellogg's in 2008. This cereal has standard cookie pieces as well as round O shapes meant to resemble Keebler Fudge Shoppe Fudge Stripes cookies.
The first Cookie Crisp mascot, Cookie Jarvis, was introduced in 1977. A wizard in the Merlin mold, he magically turns cookie jars into cereal bowls with a wave of his wand and rhyming incantations. He was voiced by Lennie Weinrib.
In 1980, Cookie Jarvis was joined by Cookie Crook, a robber who attempts to steal the Cookie Crisp; in 1984 he was followed by his opponent, The Cookie Cop (full name Officer Crumb), a police officer (reminiscent of the Keystone Cops) with an Irish accent who thwarts the Cookie Crook's attempts to steal the Cookie Crisp.
In 1990, the Cookie Crook was given a sidekick named Chip the Dog. From 1990 to 1996, while serving alongside the Cookie Crook in his schemes to steal Cookie Crisp, Chip would serve as a partial foil to the Cookie Crook, often by howling "Cooookie Crisp!" (with cookies in place of the Os in the word "cookie"), exposing them to Cookie Cop and, in some commercials, often saying "Doggone it" after his and the Cookie Crook's plans are foiled.
In 2005, Chip was redesigned into a wolf which possessed the same thieving characteristics as Cookie Crook. His commercials have Chip attempting to steal Cookie Crisp cereal from children (mainly by creating decoy cookies to lure them away from the cereal) only to be foiled every time. He has been voiced by Marc Silk and Robb Pruitt.
Battle of Belahoe

The Battle of Belahoe or Ballyhoe (Irish: Béal Átha hÓ) was fought in 1539 between the O'Neills and O'Donnells against English forces, in which the O'Neills and O'Donnells were defeated.
The battle occurred while the Lord Deputy of Ireland, Leonard Grey, was mounting an armed tour around Ireland to secure the submission of the allies of the Fitzgeralds of Kildare, who had recently been in rebellion against the Crown. While Grey was in the south at Cork, a raid was undertaken into Meath by the Fitzgeralds' allies, O'Neills, led by Conn O'Neill, and the O'Donnells, led by Manus O'Donnell into the English Pale, around Dublin. They destroyed and looted the towns of Ardee and Navan, before English forces in the Pale could be mobilised. However, the Lord Deputy of Ireland, Leonard Grey, returned with a force of about 800 men to oppose them. The O'Neills and O'Donnells were returning to their territories with treasure and spoils when the English overtook them at the Ford of Belahoe, four and a half miles south of Carrickmacross, on the boundary of the modern counties of Meath and Monaghan. The forces of the O'Neills and O'Donnells were quickly overwhelmed and fled in disarray, leaving their treasure and spoils in the hands of the Lord Deputy of Ireland. His subordinate commander Gerald Aylmer, later Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, was knighted in the field for his part in the victory.
Naannoo Amaaraa

Naannoon Amaaraa naannoolee saglan biyya Itoophiyaa keessaa tokko ,qubsuma saba Amhara people (Amaaraa) yootaatu, dur naannoo 3 jedhamaa turte. Magaalaa guddoo ishii Baahir Daar jedhamti. Harri guddaan Itoophiyaa Hara Xaanaa), akkasumas, paarkiin Semein Mountain National Park fi gaarri olka'insa lafaan tokkoffaa Rash Dashen (Raash Daashin) achitti argama.
Obbobbosh

Obbobbosh jechuun wayita waa dinqisiifatan kan dubbatamuudha.
Jechi kun iddoo baay'eetti obbobboo jedhamuunis ni beekama.
Fkn. Shamarreen tokko yoo gurbaan tokko ishee tuquuf dinqisiifattu:-
"Obbobbosh! Maaltaate gurbaa?" jetti.
Kana jechuun isa afaan amaaraa keessatti Ere jedhamuudha.
Finote Selam drone strike

On 13 August 2023, the Ethiopian National Defense Force launched a drone strike on the town of Finote Selam, in the West Gojjam Zone of Amhara Region in Ethiopia which killed 30 people while injuring more than 55 people who underwent emergency treatment. The strike was occurred after the ENDF recaptured several towns in the Amhara Region during its clashes with Fano militia in early August.
The Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) told they received "credible reports of strikes and shelling, including from Debre Birhan, Finote Selam, and Bure, resulting in many civilian casualties and damage to residential areas and public spaces". According to the Ethiopian Media Service, the causality has been arisen to 70 retrieved from some sources.
On 13 August 2023, a drone strike carried out by the ENDF hit the center of the town of Finote Selam, in the West Gojjam Zone of the Amhara Region. Health workers said 26 people were killed by the strike. A doctor at Finote Selam Hospital said that many injured people were arriving at midday saying "there are many people who died at the site of the accident, but we do not have the exact numbers of that. But the ones who arrived here and passed away are around 26 people as of now." The health workers stated that medical equipment like oxygen tanks couldn't arrive at hospital due to roadblocks as the doctors struggled to treat victims. The hospital official told to Agence France-Presse that the injured civilians arrived "wearing either casual civilian clothing or Sunday traditional clothes".
The attack was the deadliest since the start of the conflict in Amhara Region between the Fano militia and the Ethiopian military. As of 15 August, the death toll rose to 30 with more than 55 injured people receiving emergency treatment. The Ethiopian Media Service stated that the causality number has reached 70 according to some sources.
The Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) called on "conflicting parties to immediately end" for human rights abuses in the region". The commission told they received "credible reports of strikes and shelling, including from Debre Birhan, Finote Selam, and Bure, resulting in many civilian casualties and damage to residential areas and public spaces".
Denise Umunyana

Umunyana Denise nirwiyemeza Mirimo akaba arino mubashinze Right seat . Umunyana Denise akaba ari umugore n'umunyarwandakazi ukora muri airtel, aho ashinzwe itangazamakuru no gutanga amakuru muri icyo cyigo . Umunyana Denise ni umubyeyi ufite abana wize ufite icyiciro cy'akabili cya kaminuza nkuru . Umunyana Denise yagiye agaragara mu bbikorwa byinshi harimo 4G Internet square, Call Rwanda, Airtel Rising stars, Tap and Pay Card ya KOZAHO, MONACO Cosmetics .
Denise Umunyana yabonye amahirwe hanyuma nymayayo ashiramubikorwa ibyoyayakuyemo; afite uburambe nubushake buhagije akaba afie MBA mu micungire y’abakozi, kumyaka ye imyaka 36 y'amavuko yafatanije na Right Seat Ltd, isosiyete icunga imfashanyo ibafasha kongera ibikorwa byabo mu bucuruzi binyuze mu micungire y’abakozi. Umunyana akaba yaganiriye na Women Today's Donah Mbabazi kubyerekeye umurongo w'akazi.
Denise yavuzeko mumirimo ye akunda Human resources Magemenrt anavugako Umudendezo afite ubu guhitamo uburyo bwo kuringaniza ubuzima bwe nakazi. Uburyo bwebwo kurema ubu burakangutse, aziko kwa shobora gusama no kugerageza ibitekerezo byiwe , kandi nibyiza niba bidakozwe aba arimo gukora ibyo nkunda.[1]
Salma Ingabire

Salma Ingabire
Salma Ingabire n'umunyarwandakazi akaba yarabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa AC group LTd icyigo cyazanye ikorana buhanga rya tap&Go ryo kwishyura urugendo
Kumodoka ukoresheje ikarita.
Ingabire Salma n'umunyarwandakazi wavukiye mu Rwanda.
Akaba yaragize uruhare runini muguteza imbere inkorana buhanga hifashishijwe Telefone igendanwa
Mu kubitsa no kubikuza amafaranga akorera ikigo nka Airtel mu Rwanda akaba yarakoranye n'ikinyamakuru cya Wari SA cyo muri Afurika yepfo Ubu akaba ahagarariye amakarita azwi nka visa kandi mu Rwanda.
Ingabire kandi akaba yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyikiro cya gatatu muri kaminuza ya Exford Brookes yo mugihugu cy'ubwongereza. [1]
.yakoze muri:
_Airtel Rwanda
_BPR_Atlas
_Bank of Africa
_unit Bank of Africa
_Ecobank
_Equity Bank
akaba ahagarariye n'ibihugu byo mukarere birimo ,
Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Burundi, Ethiopia
Na sudani y'epfo.
SNAPI

SNAPI ni sisitemu yemerera uyikoresha ubumuga bwo kutabona kwandika ibyo akunda ku ikarita yubwenge cyangwa ikindi kimenyetso cyumutekano .
Iyo ikarita, terefone igendanwa, urufunguzo rwa fob token cyangwa ikintu gisa nacyo kigendanwa gikubiyemo amakuru ya SNAPI gishyizwe mubikoresho rusange cyangwa bisangiwe na IT, cyangwa byimuriwe mu murima wa sensor y'ibikoresho, biramenyesha itumanaho kubyerekeye imikoreshereze y’abakoresha . Terminal ishobora kuba mudasobwa isangiwe, kiosk rusange, imashini itike, trincile cyangwa imashini itanga imashini (ATM). Ibi birashobora gutuma uburyo butandukanye bwo kugerwaho nko kwerekana itandukaniro rinini cyane cyangwa kwerekana ingano yimyandikire, ibisobanuro byumvikana, cyangwa igihe cyiyongereye kubisubizo mugihe cyibikorwa. Iyo ibikorwa birangiye, itumanaho risubira muburyo bwateganijwe .
Kode yasobanuwe neza muburayi EN 1332–4. Ubuyobozi bwibanze bwa Smart Card Ikarita e-Organisatio (LASSeO ) yashyigikiye kwinjiza code ya SNAPI muri gahunda zitandukanye zamakarita yubwenge yubuyobozi bw’Ubwongereza.
Intebe rusange muri Kigali

Umujyi wa Kigali watangiye gushyiraho intebe rusange zo kuruhukiramo mu busatani no mu duce dutandukanye two hirya no hino muri Kigali, mu rwego rwo kurushaho kurimbisha umujyi.
Iyi gahunda yatangiranye n’intebe 75 zashyizwe mu duce 33 twatoranyijwe turimo ‘Imbuga City Walk’ ahahoze ari agace katagerwamo n’imodoka kazwi nka ‘Car Free Zone’ ndetse n’ubusitani buherereye Rwandex.
Umujyi wa Kigali ubinyujije kuri twitter watangaje ko uyu ari umushinga ugikomeza ndetse usaba abaturage kubungabunga izi ntebe no kugirira utu duce isuku.
Muri gahunda yo kurimbisha no gushakira abagenda mu Mujyi wa Kigali ahantu heza ho kuruhukira, mu byakozwe harimo no kuvugurura agace katagendwamo n’imodoka kazwi nka ‘Car Free Zone’ kiswe ‘Imbuga City Walk’.
Imbuga City Walk iherereye ku muhanda wa KN 4 Avenue, niyuzura izaba igizwe n’inzira z’abanyamaguru n’abatwara amagare, ubusitani, kiosks (zizaba zicururizwamo ibirimo amafunguro n’ibinyobwa), ahagenewe kumurika ibikorwa, intebe rusange z’abashaka kuzahaganirira, aho wabona WIFI (internet nziramugozi), ubwiherero rusange n’ibindi bitandukanye.
Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Kigali bwemeza ko abaruhukira kuri izo ndebe bagomba kwegerezwa serivisi nyinshi mu zo bakenera baruhuka, ari na yo mpamvu hagiye hubakwa utuzu duto (Kiosk) mu bice bimwe na bimwe byatoranyijwe.
Ni mu rwego rwo kugira ngo utwo tuzu twifashishwe mu bucuruzi bw’ibintu bitandukanye umuntu yakenera aruhuka uhereye ku binyobwa n’ibiribwa.
Iki ni igikorwa bamwe bashobora kumva nk’igisanzwe bitewe n’uko batarasobanukirwa n’agaciro gakomeye kari inyuma y’ishyirwaho izi ntebe, ariko hari ikintu gikomeye kandi kidasanzwe cyihishe inyuma yo kubona intebe uruhukiraho utari buyishyuzwe, cyangwa ngo ube utegetswe kwishyura serivisi runaka kugira ngo wemererwe kuyicaraho.
Iki gitekerezo si gishya ku Isi ariko mu kinyejana cya 19 ni bwo intebe rusange zatangiye kuba kimwe mu bimenyetso by’imijyi iteye imbere kandi iha ikaze buri muntu wese.
Mu Bwongereza, usanga izo ntebe zifashishwa ahanini n’abantu bashaka kwicara bonyine batuje, ku buryo bamenyereye ko nta wicarana n’undi ku ntebe imwe. Bitewe n’ubuzima buruhije bw’umujyi, hari bamwe bifashisha izo ntebe nk’aho bakwirambika gato bakaruhuka iminota mike basinziriye (nap).
Mu bindi bihugu by’i Burayi n’Amerika usanga kuri izi ntebe ari ho abantu bahurira bakaganira, abato n’abasheshe akanguhe bakasohokera baruhuka ndetse banaganira ari na ko bareba injyana y’iterambere ry’umujyi.
Izi ntebe zizashyirwa mu turere twose tw’Umujyi wa Kigali mu duce nka Nyamirambo-Tapi Rouge, Rond Point ya Kigali, SP Nyamirambo, Biryogo, Rond Point yo kuri Centenary House, kwa Rubangura, Nyakabanda kwa Gisimba, , Cadillac, KBC, ku isoko rya Kimironko, i Rugende, ku Kibuga cy’Indege n’ahandi.
The Fourth Reich (film)

The Fourth Reich ( El Cuarto Reich ), ni filime yerekana ikinamico yo muri Afurika y'Epfo mu 1990 iyobowe na Manie van Rensburg ikaba yarayikoranye na Gert Basson, Mark Jaffee, David Selvan, Bill Shapter na Reg Wessels muri Zastron films. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo itsinda ry’abakinnyi ba Afurika yepfo, Ryno Hattingh yakinnye nka Robey Leibbrandt . Abakinnyi bashyigikiwe barimo Marius Weyers, Grethe Fox na Percy Sieff. Inkunga nayo yari nyinshi bakina amakinamico yo muri Afrika yepfo.
Iyi filime ivuga ku buzima Robey Leibbrandt, umukinnyi w'iteramakofe wo muri Afurika y'Epfo witabiriye imikino Olempike yo mu 1936 yabereye i Berlin. Mugihe mu mikino yakundwaga nabanazi agerageza kumushakira umukozi muri Afrika yepfo. Leibbrandt yakiriye ingengabitekerezo y'Abanazi, byaje kurangira abaye umukozi wa Abwehr kuri Reich ya gatatu . Nkumukozi wa Abwehr, mu 1939 Leibbrandt yayoboye igikorwa cyo guhirika guverinoma y’Afurika yepfo ishyigikiye ubumwe, ndetse no kwica Jenerali Jan Smuts, icyo gihe akaba yari Minisitiri w’intebe w’ubumwe bwa Afurika yepfo .The Fourth Reich niyo yakozwe muri firime ihenze cyane mumateka ya sinema yo muri Afrika yepfo. The Fourth Reich yakinnye neza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime kandi yakiriwe neza kandi isubirwamo neza.
Umurenge wa kigarama

Kigarama iri mu bice by'iburasirazuba bwa Kigali, ikaba igizwe n'imidugudu itandukanye. Ni ahantu haturanye n'imirenge nka Niboye, Gikondo, na Kabuye.
Kigarama ni umurenge wateye imbere mu bijyanye n'ubucuruzi, ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi, ndetse n'ibikorwa remezo nka amazi, amashanyarazi n'ibikorwa by'uburezi. Uyu murenge kandi urafite ibikorwa byinshi by'iterambere ku rwego rw'umujyi wa Kigali.
Hari byinshi byagiye bikorwa muri Kigarama, harimo imihanda mishya, amahugurwa atandukanye ku baturage ndetse n'ibikorwa by'ubwuzuzanye mu bice bitandukanye by'ubuzima. Mu Murenge wa Kigarama, hari ibikorwa remezo byinshi byateye imbere mu myaka yashize, bigamije guteza imbere imibereho myiza y'abaturage ndetse no kubafasha kugira ubuzima bwiza. Bimwe muri ibyo bikorwa remezo birimo:
Environmental Defense Fund unzwi nka EDF

Environmental Defense Fund unzwi nka EDF ni itsinda riharanira inyungu z’ibidukikije riharanira inyungu z’Amerika. Iri tsinda rizwiho ibikorwa by’ibibazo birimo ubushyuhe bw’isi, gusana urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, inyanja, n’ubuzima bw’abantu, kandi rukunganira gukoresha ubumenyi bwuzuye, ubukungu n’amategeko kugira ngo bibone ibisubizo by’ibidukikije bikora. Ntabwo ibogamye, kandi akazi kayo kenshi gashigikira ibisubizo bishingiye kumasoko kubibazo byibidukikije.
Icyicaro cy’iryo tsinda kiri mu mujyi wa New York, gifite ibiro muri Amerika hose, hamwe n’abahanga n’inzobere mu bya politiki bakorera ku isi hose. Ibiro by'akarere ka Amerika birimo Austin, Texas ; Boston ; Boulder, Kolorado ; Los Angeles ; Raleigh, Carolina y'Amajyaruguru ; San Francisco ; na Washington, DC Itsinda rifite iterambere mpuzamahanga, rifite ibiro i Londres, Bruxelles, Mumbai na Beijing.
Imvura

Imvura ni ibitonyanga by'amazi byegeranye biva mu kirere hejuru hanyuma bikagwa hasi ku isi.
ubundi hariho amako atatu y'imvura
Meteo Rwanda ivugako ibihe by'imvura byahindutse ndetse n'ibipimo birahinduka, ivugako Imvura iruta izindi izaba iri hagati ya milimetero 40 na 60 mu intara y'uburengerazuba ndetse n'imvura iri hagati ya milimetero 20 na 40 mu intara y'amajyauguru. Imvura iri munsi ya milimetero 10 ni yo mvura nke izajya. igipimo cy’impuzandengo y’imvura isanzwe igwa mu kwezi kwa Mutarama, kiba kiri hagati ya milimetero 0 na 70.
Mathew Nabwiso

Mathew Nabwiso, ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri Uganda . Nabwiso azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime Imbabazi, Rain and Kyaddala. Usibye gukina, ni n'umuririmbyi, umuyobozi na producer.
Yavutse nkumwana wa karindwi wumuryango urimo abavandimwe cumi n'umwe. Ababyeyi be bahoze ari abadepite Frank Nabwiso na Mama Christine Nabwiso wa Jinja. Yize amashuri abanza ya Mwiri na Kamuli Boys kumashuri abanza. Nyuma yize muri Busoga College, Mwiri kuri O-level nyuma yiga muri Namasagali College, i Kamuli . Nyuma yaje kubona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu kwamamaza muri Kupuro Institute of Marketing . Mbere yo kwinjira mu gukina, yari afite akazi k'igihe cyose nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha isosiyete ikora ICT. Ariko yaretse akazi kugira ngo akore umwuga binyuze muri sinema. Yashakanye na mugenzi we bakinana, Eleanor Nabwiso wanakinnye muri serivise za The Hostel . Abashakanye bafite abana bane.
Muri 2006, yakoze sinema yumukobwa akina na firime Battle of the Souls .Muri 2011, yinjiye mu bakinnyi ba filimi The Hostel yanyuze kuri NTV Uganda, ikundwa cyane. Nyuma yo gusoza uruhererekane, yashinze isosiyete ikora firime 'Nabwiso Films'.Muri 2013, yatsindiye igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza muri Afurika Magic Viewers 'Choice Awards (AMVCA), kubera filime A Good Catholic Girl . Nyuma muri 2016, yatorewe umwanya wa 'Dumba' muri film Imvura muri AMVCA. Muri 2020, yahawe igihembo cya Film Act muri Vine Awards kubera uruhare yagize muri sinema ya Uganda.
Kamena 2007 Umwuzure wa Texas

Muri Kamena 2007 umwuzure wa Texas wabaye nyuma y’imvura nyinshi yibasiye ikibaya cy’amajyepfo ya Amerika. Ubushuhe buva mu kigobe cya Mexico bwatembaga mu majyaruguru bukora sisitemu yo kugenda-buhoro imbere. Hafi ya milimetero 200 (santimetero 8) z'imvura yaguye mu majyaruguru ya Texas, havugwa ko hapfuye abantu 2 batewe n'umwuzure.
Hagati muri Kamena, ubushuhe bwaturutse mu kigobe cya Mexico bwatembye mu majyaruguru bituma habaho kugenda buhoro buhoro bitera imvura nyinshi mu majyepfo ya Amerika. Hafi ya milimetero 200 (santimetero 8) z'imvura yibasiye amajyaruguru ya Texas. Imvura yaguye kumugezi no mu biyaga byabyimbye ndetse nubutaka butose butera umwuzure mwinshi mu bice bya majyaruguru ya Texas. Isumo rya Marble, kamwe mu turere twibasiwe cyane, kakiriye santimetero 18 (460 mm) y'imvura mugihe cy'amasaha atandatu. Amazi y’ikiyaga cya Marble n’ikiyaga cya Travis yari afite santimetero 19 z’imvura.
Hapfuye impfu 2 ziterwa n’umwuzure kandi amazu agera kuri 300 yategetswe kwimuka. Ikigereranyo cy’ibyangijwe n’amafaranga yatwawe n’umuyaga arenga miliyoni 50. Hatanzwe imiburo 156 mu ukwezi kose, nkuko byari bigenwe.
Igare

Igare ni ikinyabiziga gikoresha imbaraga zabantu cyangwa moteri, ukoreshwa na moteri gifite ibiziga bibiri bifatanye kumurongo kimwe inyuma yicyindi, wicaraho ukagenda uhinduranya pedal ebyiri ukoresheje amaguru yombi ukwiburyo n'ibumoso. Ugenda ku igare yitwa umunyonzi, cyangwa umunyegare. (Pedal= ibice ukandagiraho n'ibirenge)
VugaPay

VugaPay is a cross-platform payment service owned by Vuga Ltd, a Rwandan company. It allows businesses and users to transfer money across major payment systems, including credit card networks, mobile money and Bitcoin via an application programming interface, unstructured supplementary service data interface, a mobile phone app, or a web interface. It processed over 5 million transactions in 2016. As of December 2016, VugaPay offers instant payments to and from 40 different mobile money networks/carriers in Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, Niger, Malawi, Congo Democratic Republic, Ghana, Tanzania and Zambia.
VugaPay is a cross-platform payment service that lets businesses and users transfer money across major payment systems. It follows a similar business model to PayPal. VugaPay describes itself as a "digital wallet". Users sign up and create an account by providing basic information and bank account information using their mobile app, USSD for feature phones or on the VugaPay website and they can find others who have created an account. Friends and recipients of transactions can be found via phone number, VugaPay username, or email.
Users have a VugaPay balance that is used for their transactions. They can link their mobile money, bitcoin, PayPal bank accounts, debit cards, or credit cards to their VugaPay account. Paying with mobile money is free, but credit cards, bitcoin, PayPal and Bank accounts have a 3% fee for each transaction. If a user does not have enough funds on VugaPay itself when making a transaction, it will automatically withdraw the supplemental funds from the registered mobile money, bank account or card.
VugaPay was founded by two Rwandan brothers, Patrick Muhire and Cedrick Muhoza. After a few years of watching M-pesa evolve from a small transfer platform into a full-blown payment solution, Patrick wondered what it might look like if it were redesigned from the ground up; purely for all countries. According to Patrick, the idea of VugaPay originated when Patrick wanted to transfer money from one mobile network operator to another. The process of sending money from one mobile network operator to another was a hassle, so they started working on a way to send money across all mobile network operators, interoperability for mobile money. Their original prototype sent money through MTN, TIGO, AIRTEL in Rwanda, but they eventually transitioned from Rwanda to the whole of East Africa, connecting telecoms in those regions. The app went public during the 2015 Transform Africa Summit (TAS) in Kigali.
Initially, VugaPay was based on mobile money. VugaPay interoperable transfers are considered a hack through mobile money carriers and can be conducted on any carrier with mobile money services. These transfers are instant, with a large number of carriers from Africa. The East African reports some Confidence trick exploit this on mobile money systems and other services.
In late 2016, Timothy C. Draper made his second-African investment in VugaPay. VugaPay later introduced an open source mobile money api, for merchants who would accept mobile money as payment.
Yvette Ishimwe

Yvette Ishimwe (born 1995) is a Rwandan entrepreneur, environmental activist and founder of Iriba Water Group. She is known for transforming Rwanda's water scarcity into business opportunities, benefiting low-income communities.
Yvette was born in Kigali, Rwanda. Her interest in water solutions began at a young age, when her parents moved from Kigali to a rural village in Kayonza, in Rwanda's Eastern Province. Yvette pursued higher education at Southern New Hampshire University, where she earned a bachelor's degree in Business Management. In 2016, she graduated from the Entrepreneurial Action-Learning Program certified by Regent University (USA).
Yvette served as the 2nd Vice President of the Chamber of Young Entrepreneurs within the Private Sector Federation of Rwanda for two years and she currently leads Iriba Water Group as its CEO.
Iriba Water Group
Founded in 2017, Iriba Water Group is a social enterprise committed to providing safe drinking water to under-served rural and urban communities in Rwanda. With Yvette as its Chief Executive Officer, the company operates through a network of water kiosks and water filtration systems, including water ATMs. As of 2023, Iriba’s 74 Tap & Drink systems is said to have brought safe, affordable drinking water to more than 300,000 people in Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The company has also created 68 jobs and prevents the emission of 62 metric tons of CO2 each month.