davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
End-user computing

End-user computing (EUC) refers to systems in which non-programmers can create working applications. EUC is a group of approaches to computing that aim to better integrate end users into the computing environment. These approaches attempt to realize the potential for high-end computing to perform problem-solving in a trustworthy manner.
End-user computing can range in complexity from users simply clicking a series of buttons, to citizen developers writing scripts in a controlled scripting language, to being able to modify and execute code directly.
Examples of end-user computing are systems built using fourth-generation programming languages, such as MAPPER or SQL, or one of the fifth-generation programming languages, such as ICAD.
Factors contributing to the need for further EUC research include knowledge processing, pervasive computing, issues of ontology, interactive visualization, and the like.
Some of the issues related to end-user computing concern software architecture (iconic versus language interfaces, open versus closed, and others). Other issues relate to intellectual property, configuration and maintenance. End-user computing allows more user-input into system affairs that can range from personalization to full-fledged ownership of a system.
EUC applications should not be evolved by accident, but there should be a defined EUC strategy. Any Application Architecture Strategy / IT Strategy should consider the white spaces in automation (enterprise functionality not automated by ERP / Enterprise Grade Applications). These are the potential areas where EUC can play a major role. Then ASSIMPLER parameters should be applied to these white spaces to develop the EUC strategy. (ASSIMPLER stands for availability, scalability, security, interoperability, maintainability, performance, low cost of ownership, extendibility and reliability.)
In businesses, an end-user concept gives workers more flexibility, as well as more opportunities for better productivity and creativity. However, EUC will work only when leveraged correctly. That’s why it requires a full-fledged strategy. Any strategy should include all the tools users might need to carry out their tasks and work more productively.
Types of EUC
End-user computing covers a broad range of user-facing resources, including:
Business owners should understand that every user-controlled app needs to be monitored and supervised. Otherwise, organization risk facing a lot of problems and losses if end-users don’t follow company policy or leave their job. In functions such as finance, accounting and regulated activities, unmanaged EUC may expose the organization to regulatory compliance issues and fines.
End-user computing operating and business risks may be driven by:
Many companies elect to leverage software to manage their EUC risks. Software can provide many benefits to organizations, including:
Examples of EUC risk software include:
Moving violation

A moving violation or traffic violation is any violation of the law committed by the driver of a vehicle while it is in motion. The term "moving" distinguishes it from other motor vehicle violations, such as paperwork violations (which include violations involving vehicle insurance, registration, and inspection), parking violations, or equipment violations. The United States Department of State makes reference to moving violations in its enforcement guidance.
While some violations, like parking violations, are civil matters involving a vehicle's owner, moving violations are charged against the actual driver.
Moving violations are usually classified as infractions or misdemeanors, but serious violations such as hit and run, driving under the influence, and road rage can be considered felonies.
Moving violation convictions typically result in fines and demerit points assessed to the license of the driver. As a driver accumulates points, they may be required to attend defensive driving lessons, re-take their driving test, pay additional taxes, or even surrender their license. Additionally, moving violations often increase insurance premiums. Drivers with more points on their driving record often must pay more for car insurance than drivers with fewer.
Sometimes tickets are used in a speed trap as a form of fundraising. For example, a local government that is suffering a budget shortfall may ticket more aggressively within its jurisdiction to increase revenue.
In the United States, citation fines can vary widely between jurisdictions for the same behavior, usually between $25 and $1,000. In countries such as Finland however, they are specific proportions of the violator's income, and fines in excess of $100,000 can be assessed to wealthy individuals. In Canada, each province is individual in how they treat similar behavior and each violation usually includes a set fine and demerit points against the driver's license. For example, a speeding ticket in Ontario of 50+ km over is 6 demerit points against the driver's license with the approximate fine calculated as (km over x 9.75) x 1.25, as well it carries a one-week automatic license suspension and car impoundment. In Manitoba speeding in excess of 49 km is 10 demerit points and a fine of 672 dollars and a Serious Offence Licence Suspension.
More serious moving violations include:
Exactly how long moving violations stay on a driving record depends on jurisdictional laws; for example, in New York, minor moving violations can stay on a driving record abstract for a maximum of four years. Whereas minor moving violations tend to stay on a person's abstract for only a few years, some serious moving violations are classified as criminal offenses that result in a criminal record that may be maintained for life.
Traffic violations reciprocity

Under traffic violations reciprocity agreements, non-resident drivers are treated like residents when they are stopped for a traffic offense that occurs in another jurisdiction. They also ensure that punishments such as penalty points on one's license and the ensuing increase in insurance premiums follow the driver home. The general principle of such interstate, interprovincial, and/or international compacts is to guarantee the rule "one license, one record."
France has an agreement with Spain and Switzerland for recognition of licence points and suspension and is working on agreements with other countries, especially the UK.
One driver registration system applies to both England and Wales and Scotland; driving disqualifications and penalty points apply immediately in both jurisdictions. There is mutual recognition of driving disqualifications with Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.1
The driver registration system of Northern Ireland has mutual recognition of driving disqualifications with the system in Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland.2
The Republic of Ireland has mutual recognition of driving disqualifications with Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3
1. "Driving disqualification: agreements between Great Britain and other countries," Directgov (http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/DriverLicensing/DrivingInGbOnAForeignLicence/DG_185285).
2. "Disqualified drivers targeted in international agreement," Northern Ireland Executive (http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/media-centre/news-departments/news-doe/news-doe-june-2008/news-doe-260608-disqualified-drivers-targeted.htm).
3. "Driving offences," Citizens Information Board (Republic of Ireland) (http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/travel_and_recreation/motoring_1/driving_offences/driving_offences.html).
Robotic tech vest

Robotic tech vest (RTV) is a special wearable equipment protecting workers near industrial robots. It is similar to a high-visibility jacket but for robots. Robots can sense a vest from a distance and avoid moving into it, thus protecting the wearer from collisions.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has studied the topic of workers' safety in the areas of operating robots and concluded: "Studies indicate that many robot accidents occur during non-routine operating conditions, such as programming, maintenance, testing, setup, or adjustment. During many of these operations the worker may temporarily be within the robot's working envelope where unintended operations could result in injuries." Before employing RTVs, workers marked out the area where they would be working to enable the robotic route planner to smartly route around that area.
In 2018, Amazon introduced robotic tech vests in 25 warehouses to protect workers from robot collisions. This kind of equipment is needed in the warehouse, where human workers and robots cooperate. Additionally to the general obstacle detection of the robots, the RTV ensures that workers are detected as obstacles. It allows the robots to detect the human from farther away and update its trajectory. A robotic tech vest is a combo of a belt and suspenders. As according to Amazon in 2019, RTV has been introduced to more than 25 sites and more than 1 million activations were completed. The workers are safe with RTVs when they enter the area to fix a robotic system or retrieve fallen items. Amazon claimed RTVs to be successful in 2019.
The technology of robotic tech vest stands in contrast to the collaborative robots approach. In case of collaborative robots, the RTVs are not needed.
Beijing Urban Construction Group

Beijing Urban Construction Group (BUCG, Chinese: 北京城建集团有限责任公司) is a Chinese construction contractor. Several of the most recognizable buildings in Beijing including venues of the 2008 Summer Olympics were built by the company. The company has also carried out several projects in Belarus and Bangladesh.
One of BUCG's subsidiaries, Yunnan Jingjian Rail Transit, is the operator of Kunming Metro Line 4.
The company was chosen as the general contractor to build a football stadium in June 2020. In the same announcement, BUCG's Beijing competitor Beijing Construction Engineering Group was named as the general contractor for a swimming pool meeting international standards.
In April 2020, the company signed a deal with Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh to construct a new terminal building at Osmani International Airport in Sylhet.
УАЗ-469

УАЗ-469 ба УАЗ-3151 нь ЗХУ-ын Ульяновын автомашины үйлдвэрийн, туулах чавдар өндөр, ачаа болон суудлын зориулалт бүхий автомашин. ГАЗ-69-ийн сайжруулсан хувилбар. Манай монголчуудын хайр хүндэтгэлийг хүлээсэн төмөр хүлэг.
Уаз бол бартаат замд, байлдааны нөхцөлд гайхамшигтай тооцоологдсон машин боловч донсолгоо маш хүчтэй нөлөөлдөг тул япончууд уг машинд сууж үзээд, "Даанч хүн суудгийг нь мартжээ" гэж хэлсэн гэх онигоо бий.
Оросууд болон дэлхий дахинд "Орос хүч" хэмээн нэрлэгдсэн УАЗ-469-н анхны хувилбар нь 1962 онд зохиогдсон байна.
ЗХУ болон Варшавын хэлэлцээрийн орнууд 1970-аад оны дунд үеэс эхлэн өмнөх хувилбар болох ГАЗ-69-ийг халж, командын үндсэн машинаар зэвсэглэлд авч эхлэсэн. УАЗ-469 болон УАЗ-469Б машинуудыг цуврал байдлаар 1972 оны 12 сараас эхлэн үйлдвэрлэж эхлэсэн боловч өмнө нь 1964 оноос эхлэн туршилтын журмаар үйлдвэрлэж байсан. 1985 оноос эхлэн шинэчлэн сайжруулж, үйлдвэрийн индекс дугаарыг УАЗ-3151 болгож өөрчилсөн загварын үйлдвэрлэл эхлэсэн. Улмаар 2003 онд ОХУ-ын дотоод хэрэглээнд зориулж шинэчилсэн УАЗ-315195 Хантер загварын үйлдвэрлэлттэй холбогдуулан 3151 редуктортай болон гадаад экспортод зориулсан хувилбараар хязгаарлагдсан.
2010 оны 4-р сард Эх орны дайны ялалтын 65 жилийн ойд зориулан, марктингийн бодлого бүхий УАЗ-469 (үйлдвэрийн индекс УАЗ-315196) 5000 ширхэгийг үйлдвэрлэв
2010 онд ОХУ-ын Батлан хамгаалах яам цаашид УАЗ-3151 худалдан авахгүй гэдгээ мэдэгджээ.
Сүүлийн үеийн Хантер нь их сайн болсон. Бусад компаниудыг бодвол жил бүр олон олон шинэ загвар гаргаад байдаггүй ч нэг гаргасан загвар нь маш сайн болсон байдаг.
УАЗ

Ульяновскийн автомашины үйлдвэр (Ульяновский автомобильный завод, УАЗ гэж товчлогддог) нь Оросын Холбооны Улсын Ульяновск хотод төвтэй автомашин үйлдвэрлэгч юм. Тус компани нь Орос болон дэлхий даяар цэргийн автомашины зориулалтаар өргөн хэрэглэгддэг 469 загварын жипээрээ алдартай. УАЗ үйлдвэр Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайны үеэр 1941 онд үйлдвэрлэлээ эхлүүлжээ.
2011 оны Ховд аймгийн наадам

Ховд аймгийн 80 жилийн ойн баяр наадмын хүчит бөхийн барилдаанд улсын гарьд М.Баяржавхлан, улсын заан Ц.Мягмарсүрэн, улсын заан Ч.Батзориг, улсын харцага Т.Амартүвшин, Г.Алтангэрэл, улсын начин Ц.Лхагвасүрэн, Н.Батзаяа, Б.Заяамандах, Ч.Цогбаяр нарын тэргүүтэй улс аймгийн алдар цолтой болон залуу 512 бөх зодоглон барилдсанаас Увс аймгийн Малчин сумын харъяат аймгийн харцага О.Гантулга түрүүлж аймгийн хурц арслан цол хүртэж, УАЗ 469 машины түлхүүрийг атгасан бол Ховд аймгийн харъяат аймгийн харцага З.Соёмбо үзүүрлэж аймгийн арслан цол хүртлээ. З.Соёмбо хэдхэн хоногийн өмнө Дархан-Уур аймгийн 50 жилийн ойд 6 даван аймгийн харцага цолыг хүртээд байсан билээ. Ховд аймгийн 80 жилийн наадмаас аймгийн хурц арслан нэг, аймгийн арслан нэг, аймгийн харцага нэг, аймгийн начин цолтон тав төрөн гарлаа.
Зургаагийн даваа
1. М.Баяржавхлан у.г - О.Жаргалсайхан с.з
2. Ц.Мягмарсүрэн у.з - З.Лхагвасүрэн с.з
3. Ч.Батзориг у.з - Ц.Адъяа с.з
4. Ц.Содномдорж у.х - Ш.Мөнх-Од с.з
5. Т.Амартүвшин у.х - Л.Алтангэрэл а.н
6. М.Батжаргал у.х - З.Соёмбо а.х
7. А.Бямбажав у.х - О.Гантулга а.х
8. Н.Батсайхан а.х - Б.Тайван с.з
Долоогийн даваа
1. М.Баяржавхлан у.г - Ц.Мягмарсүрэн у.з
2. Ч.Батзориг у.з - З.Соёмбо а.х
3. Ц.Содномдорж у.х - Н.Батсайхан а.х
4. О.Гантулга а.х - Л.Алтангэрэл а.н
6-ИЙН ДАВАА
1. Ц.Мягмарсүрэн у.з - З.Соёмбо а.х
2. Ц.Содномдорж у.х - О.Гантулга а.х
8-ИЙН ДАВАА
1. О.Гантулга а.х - З.Соёмбо а.х
/түрүүлсэн/ /үзүүрлэсэн/
ГАЗ-69

ГАЗ-69 нь 1954 оны 12 сард анхны модел нь гарсан, ГАЗ-67Б моделийн сайжруулсан хувилбар болж Ульяновскт үйлдвэрлэгдэж эхэлсэн автомашин юм.
UAZ-469

The UAZ-469 is an off-road military light utility vehicle manufactured by UAZ since 1971. It was used by Soviet and other Warsaw Pact armed forces, as well as paramilitary units in Eastern Bloc countries. In the Soviet Union, it also saw widespread service in state organizations that needed a robust and durable off-road vehicle. Standard military versions included seating for seven personnel.
Using the same chassis as the GAZ-69 but with a new body, the UAZ-469 was introduced in 1971 to replace the GAZ-69. It is powered by the same 75 hp (55 kW) 2,445 cc (149.2 cu in) UMZ-452MI inline-four engine as the UAZ-452 and is able to run on gasoline with an octane rating as low as 72 (although 76 was preferred). This engine was used in a variety of Soviet vehicles, including the GAZ-21 Volga passenger car. The UAZ-469 presented two great advantages: it was able to drive in virtually any terrain and it was very easy to repair. The vehicle was originally not available for purchase by the public, but many were sold as surplus to private owners.
Modifications include a basic UAZ-469B with ground clearance of 220 mm (8.7 in), and a specialized military UAZ-469, with ground clearance increased to 300 mm (12 in). After slight modernisation in 1985, due to new industry designation standards, they were renamed: the UAZ-469 became the UAZ-3151, while the UAZ-469B became the UAZ-31512. Manufacture of the UAZ-31512 for the Russian Army continued until 2011, while manufacture for the civilian market was discontinued due to new emission standards. However, the currently manufactured UAZ Hunter is an updated version of the old UAZ-469B. The Hunter was originally sold in Germany and some Asian countries as the "UAZ Tigr" (Tiger), until General Motors complained that the name was too similar to the Opel Tigra, and in Germany, it was renamed "Baijah Taigah".
The UAZ-469 was exported to eighty countries, and between 1.65 to 2 million units of the vehicle and its variants were produced.
UAZ-469B – a "civilian" version of the UAZ-469. In this version, the ground clearance is 220 mm and the drive axles use a single-stage main gear without the final drive. The UAZ-469B was available with a contact or contactless (on later models) electronic ignition system. Its PTO shafts are slightly longer than the shafts of the UAZ-469 vehicle. The cabin is open and came with a detachable canvas roof; a hard-top roof made of metal or fiberglass could be purchased as an accessory. The 2.4-litre engine is paired with a four-speed transmission.
In Mexico, a special package called Vallarta Kit, named after the beach resort of Puerto Vallarta, was released featuring a winch, steering assembly and gearbox reinforcement, snorkel, suspension kit and LED headlights, among other extras.
A police patrol car version was available, based on the UAZ-31512-UMM with an insulated five-door metal body and optional special equipment. The UAZ-469B formed the basis of the TREKOL-39041 amphibious vehicle.
The original version uses a 2.45-liter four-cylinder engine. From 2010 until 2013 it had a 2.7 L (2,693 cc) engine producing 112 hp (82 kW).
GAZ-69

The GAZ-69 is a Soviet four-wheel drive off-road vehicle produced by GAZ (ГАЗ, or Gorkovsky Avtomobilnyi Zavod, Gorky Automobile Factory) between 1953 and 1956 and then by UAZ between 1956 and 1972, though all of these light truck class vehicles were known as GAZ-69s. It was also produced in Romania until 1975.
The GAZ-69 was created by the team of chief designer Grigoriy Vasserman as a replacement for the GAZ-67B that would have lower fuel consumption than its predecessor and use the same 55 hp (41 kW; 56 PS) 2.1 L (130 cu in) inline four and three-speed transmission as the GAZ-M20 Pobeda. The axles and some other parts were taken from the GAZ-67B. The development process started in 1946 and the first prototypes known under the name "Truzhenik" (Toiler) were built in 1947. After extensive on-road testing, the new off-road vehicle went into production on August 25, 1953. Over 600,000 GAZ-69s had been built by the end of production in the USSR in 1972. A copy of the GAZ-69 with some modifications was produced by ARO in Romania until 1975, first as the IMS-57, then heavily redesigned as the IMS M59, and later modernized as the ARO M461. GAZ-69s were standard military jeeps of the Eastern Bloc and client states, except Romania that mainly used the locally built ARO models.
The standard GAZ-69 was able to reach 56 mph (90 km/h), but more powerful versions, with 2,400 cc (derived from the basic 2,100 cc) 65 h.p. engines and the same three-speed gearbox, could reach 100 km/h (62 mph). They were known as the GAZ-69M, or GAZ-69AM for the four-door version.
It featured two fuel tanks, one of 47 litres (12 US gal; 10 imp gal) under the floor, one of 28 litres (7 US gal; 6 imp gal) beneath the passenger's seat. All civilian models also had to meet Army requirements, in case of wartime requisitioning. (This is also why a hardtop version was not available until 1993) The basic variant GAZ-69 has a pair of doors and usually has standard canvas top and upper sides; there are two seats in front and two folding benches for three passengers each on sides. The further variant GAZ-69A (UAZ-69A) has four doors, folding canvas top and two rows of seats.
It was used as the basis for the rear-wheel drive van GAZ-19 that was built in 1955 but did not pass the prototype stage. The off-road van and light truck UAZ-450 and the newer UAZ-469 also traced their origins to the GAZ-69.
The GAZ-69 had been the basic light off-road vehicle of the Soviet Army, replacing GAZ-67s and Willys Jeeps, before the army adopted the UAZ-469. It was also used as the basis for the 2P26 tank destroyer, as well as for the GAZ-46 MAV, a light 4x4 amphibious vehicle inspired by the Ford GPA 'Seep'.
In the film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull a GAZ-69 appears in one of the chases of the film involving Spalko and the main characters.
UAZ Simbir

The UAZ Simbir (Russian: Симбир, from Simbirsk, old name for Ulyanovsk), or UAZ-3162, is a model of off-road vehicle produced by the Russian company UAZ between 2000 and 2005. This car is a completely new model in relation to the UAZ-469 and modifications based on it. It is essentially a rebodied extended wheelbase UAZ-3160. On August 5, 1997 the first prototype of the UAZ-3160 was rolled off the assembly line. April 27, 2000 saw the first production sample UAZ-3162 Simbir featuring a long wheelbase and new Spicer axles from the UAZ-3160.
In 2003 the car was awarded zero stars out of a possible four by the Russian ARCAP safety assessment program.
The Simbir-based UAZ-2360 pickup truck was produced in small numbers in 2004–2005. The payload was approximately 1,000 kg (2,200 lb).
The Simbir was in production until 2005.
List of Soviet and Russian aircraft

This is an incomplete list of Soviet and Russian military aircraft, from the Soviet Union's foundation in 1917 until its present state as Russia.
Military aircraft
Civilian aircraft
Military aircraft
Civilian aircraft
Military aircraft
Civilian aircraft
Military aircraft
Civilian aircraft
Mikoyan, also known as Mikoyan-Gurevich, is a renowned Soviet aircraft manufacturer founded in 1939 by Artem Mikoyan and Mikhail Gurevich. They produced some of the most iconic fighter jets in aviation history. The MiG-15, which gained fame during the Korean War, and later models like the MiG-21 and MiG-29, were celebrated for their speed, agility, and advanced technology. Besides their well-known production planes, Mikoyan also developed experimental aircraft to explore new aviation technologies. They had several innovative designs that were planned but never fully realized. Additionally, Mikoyan worked on unmanned aerial vehicles, contributing to the development of military drones. This diverse range of projects underscores Mikoyan's significant impact on military aviation history.Some information about Soviet-era fighter jets.
Military aircraft
Civilian aircraft
Military aircraft
Civilian aircraft
Military aircraft
Civilian aircraft
Military aircraft
Civilian aircraft
Military aircraft
Civilian aircraft
Military aircraft
Civilian aircraft
Production
Experimental
Military aircraft
Civilian aircraft
Military aircraft
Civilian aircraft
Production
Experimental
Production
Off-road trailer

An off-road trailer is designed to be towed behind a 4x4 or off-road vehicle to remote places not possible with a standard utility trailer. Most off-road trailers are associated with Overlanding, the self-reliant exploration of remote locales where the journey is as important as the destination.
Hard-sided, all living space, and storage are contained inside the trailer. it can have slide-out space such as an outdoor kitchen or gallery.
A small compact trailer is designed as storage with slide-out features for kitchen or additional storage. Living space is packed down for travel and expanded for camping. Living space can be a pop-up or out that extends from the trailer. When packed, exterior height and center of gravity is often lower than traditional caravan, significantly reducing risk of rollover when offroading.
While some teardrop trailers are not off-road specific many teardrops are designed with rugged tires, sturdy materials, and suspension flexibility to be taken off the pavement. All storage and living space is contained inside the trailer. Most models have the kitchen outside with a separate door or opening.
Retired military trailers are built to withstand rough terrain and conditions often associated with combat zones, which makes them overbuilt for most off-road travel. The trailer is often used as storage and a rooftop tent is typically placed on the top. Trailer models range from 3/4-2-ton payload and were made in a variety of bed configurations.
An off-road trailer has a very distinct difference from a normal pull-behind trailer. An off-road trailer can be taken on a rough trail or road that is only accessible with a 4x4 or AWD vehicle. The trailer will also have several recovery points. The ground clearance is higher than a standard trailer. Frame and body are made of durable lightweight materials. Tires will be all-terrain, mud or off-road made from a thick durable material that is not easily punctured. Large approach, breakover and departure angles. Strong, straight through steel frame, similar to those under high payload trucks used in the construction industry. Rigid solar panels connected to high capacity 12 V lithium batteries and 12 to 240 V inverter. High capacity fuel and drinking water tanks. Air suspension or dual shocks per wheel. External mount for rooftop tent and/or off-road equipment such as shovel, traction boards, hi-lift jack.
Why Off-Road Trailers Are All The Rage.
Off-Road Trailer Buying Guide.
A Tough Little Offroad Trailer That Looks Ready for Anything.
Off-Road Camper Trailers.
What Type of Off-Road Camper Should I Buy?
What is Overlanding.
Long travel suspension

Long travel suspension is a type of vehicle suspension often used in off road racing. Vehicles such as dune buggies, baja racers, mountain bikes, adventure motorcycles, dirt bikes and rock crawlers use long travel suspension to dampen the effects of, rough, off-road driving conditions. There is no definitive standard on what is considered long travel. Categories such as short travel, standard/stock travel, mid-travel and long travel have vague boundaries. Definitions vary depending on application and time period in history.
Off the Road

Off the Road: Twenty Years with Cassady, Kerouac and Ginsberg is an autobiographical book by Carolyn Cassady. Originally published in 1990 as Off the Road: My Years with Cassady, Kerouac, and Ginsberg, it was republished by London's Black Spring Press, coinciding with the fiftieth anniversary of Jack Kerouac's On the Road. Off the Road recounts the history of Carolyn Cassady, wife of Jack Kerouac's traveling companion and On the Road's hero Neal Cassady. As Neal's wife and Kerouac's intermittent lover, Carolyn Cassady was well situated to record the inception of the Beat Generation and its influence on American culture.
Off the Road begins in the initial stages of Kerouac and Neal Cassady's friendship, when Kerouac was a struggling author trying to publish his first novel (1950's The Town and the City), and documents important moments in the beat movement such as the success of On the Road and Allen Ginsberg's "Howl."
Hamada

A hamada (Arabic: حمادة, ḥammāda) is a type of desert landscape consisting of high, largely barren, hard rocky (basalt) plateaus, where most of the sand has been removed by deflation. The majority of the Sahara is hamada. Other examples are Negev desert in Israel and the Tinrhert plateau [it] in Algeria.
Hamadas are produced by the wind, which removes the fine products of weathering, an aeolian process known as deflation. The finer-grained products are taken away in suspension. At the same time, the sand is removed through saltation and surface creep, leaving behind a landscape of gravel, boulders and bare rock.
Hamada is related to desert pavement (known variously as reg, serir, gibber, or saï), which occurs as stony plains or depressions covered with gravels or boulders rather than as highland plateaus.
Hamadas exist in contrast to ergs, which are large areas of shifting sand dunes.
Hammada, a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae.
List of equipment of the Syrian Army

This is an inventory of military equipment of the Syrian Arab Army. The organization and military doctrine of the Syrian Armed Forces followed a mix of French and Western influences as the Soviet Union closely guarded its operational principles and never shared them with client states. The Syrian Arab Army has traditionally relied on the Soviet Union and its successor the Russian Federation as its main supplier of military equipment. As a result of the Syrian Civil War, many vehicles and much heavy equipment has been destroyed or captured, with some stores being partially replenished from Russian stocks. Accurate numbers for equipment in the Army's inventory are difficult to ascertain. The numbers listed below should be regarded as optimistic estimates. Some armored vehicles were lost in past decades without being accounted for, while many others were not operational (or even beyond repair) at the start of the Syrian Civil War due to being in long-term storage with minimal or no maintenance. Given these factors, it has been estimated that more realistic estimates would be about 33% lower than what is listed below.
Following the outcome of the Syrian civil war, Israel launched several strikes on Syrian strategic bases, destroying up to 80% of the country's ammunition stocks as well as their navy, most of their air force and the majority of their strategic weapons stocks.
Dornogovi Province

Dornogovi (Mongolian: Дорноговь, East Gobi) is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia. It is located in the southeast of the country, bordering PR China's autonomous region of Inner Mongolia.
Dornogovi is located in the Gobi Desert and frequent sand- and snow storms amplify the hard weather conditions of Mongolia. Temperatures can range from −40 °C (−40 °F) to 40 °C (104 °F) with ground temperatures as high as 60 °C or 140 °F.
Dornogovi has ample reserves of groundwater, but no lakes or rivers.
- tosgon (urban-type settlement). - The aimag capital Sainshand
In 2020, the majority of the religion of the residents is Buddhism (89.1%) followed by Shamans (6%), Christianity (2.2%) and other religions (2.8%).
In 2018, the province contributed to 1.09% of the total national GDP of Mongolia.
Ömnögovi Province

Ömnögovi (Mongolian: Өмнөговь Ömnögovǐ, South Gobi) is an aimag (province) of Mongolia, located in the south of the country, in the Gobi Desert. Ömnögovi is Mongolia's largest aimag. The capital is Dalanzadgad.
The province is rich in mineral deposits, including gold and copper. Agriculture is of minor importance. Vegetables are grown in some oases -for example, in Dal near Dalanzadgad.
As the aimag has various sights to offer, tourism is gaining importance. Ömnögovi includes several well known tourist areas, including the Flaming Cliffs, Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park and Khongoryn Els - The Singing Sand Dunes.
The Dalanzadgad Airport (ZMDZ/DLZ) has one concrete runway. It is served by regular domestic flights from and to Ulaanbaatar.
According to a 2009 survey, 73.5% of the residents of Ömnögovi are Buddhists, 2.9% are Christians, 23.3% do not identify with a formal religion, and 0.3% adhere to other formal religions.
In 2018, the province contributed to 1.86% of the total national GDP of Mongolia.
Car of the Year

Car of the Year (COTY) is a common abbreviation for numerous automotive awards.
The "Car of the Year" phrase is considered to have been introduced by Motor Trend magazine in 1949 when the new publication named Cadillac as Motor Trend Car of the Year.
Other publications and various organizations also have developed COTY recognitions. The Australian automobile magazine Wheels began an award in 1963.
In 1964, a jury of European automotive journalists began selecting the European Car of the Year award.
Many COTY awards focus on regional markets, vehicle types, or market segments. An example is the "tow car of the year" in the UK (for pulling travel trailers). or the COTY AJAC award in Canada.
The COTY is meant to award excellence in automotive design. Criteria vary, but the World Car of the Year are typical:
The originator of the COTY award, Motor Trend, uses these criteria:
Kuih bangkit

Kuih bangkit merupakan sejenis kuih tradisional yang diperbuat daripada tepung gandum dan tepung sagu . Kuih bangkit yang sedap akan larut di dalam mulut dan mempunyai rasa yang rangup sekiranya dikunyah. Rasanya yang manis menarik minat kanak-kanak.
Tepung ubi dan tepung sagu di ayak bersama dengan serbuk penaik, kemudian gaulkan sehingga sebati. Masukkan santan, telur dan gula dan dipukul sehingga kembang. Masukkan tepung kedalam adunan santan sedikit demi sedikit sehingga menjadi doh. Terapkan dengan acuan. Bakar dengan suhu yang sederhana sehingga masak.
Asam gumpal

Kuih asam gumpal merupakan sejenis hidangan kuih tradisional Melayu yang lemak manis yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan sagu mata ikan/ sagu biji dengan inti dan dimasak dalam kuah santan.
Kuih asam gumpal disediakan dengan menggunakan sagu biji yang telah direbus dengan air yang dicampurkan dengan garam bagi membangkitkan rasa. Selepas itu sagu yang telah dimasak akan diisi dengan inti dan dijemput dengan tangan kepada bentuk akhir. Biasanya asam gumpal ini akan digumpal menjadi bulat sebesar satu gumpalan tangan (uukuran lama). Ia kemudiannya akan dimasak dalam kuah santan sehingga pekat. Campuran gula merah, halia dan halba juga ditambah bagi menambahkan perisa.
Kuih asam gumpal biasanya banyak dijual secara meluas dan cara membuatnya adalah mudah dan murah. Asam gumpal biasa dijual di pasar, pasar minggu, dan pasar tani.
Kuih asam gumpal ini lebih popular di sebelah pantai timur, terutama di Kelantan dan Terengganu. Kuih asam gumpal ada terdapat dijual secara meluas dan terdapat setiap masa sebagai hidangan petang. Ia mudah didapati dan harganya juga berpatutan.
Nama asam gumpal mungkin diambil dari cara membuatnya, iaitu digumpal dengan tangan.
Kuih asam gumpal ini lebih popular di sebelah pantai timur, terutama di Kelantan dan Terengganu yang biasa dan mempunyai banyak hidangan kuih yang dieprbuat dengan kuah santan pekat. Oleh kerana kos pembuatan yang rendah, ia banyak dijual begitu sahaja, dan tidak perlu ditempah lebih awal.
Kuih asam gumpal kurang popular dinegeri lain di Malaysia, kemungkinannya disebabkan kuah bersantan pekat itu dianggap kurang baik bagi kesihatan dan kuahnya yang melekit menyukarkan ia dihidangkan di pejabat. Kuih asam gumpal biasanya dihidangkan secara berkuah dengan kuah santan pekat.
Kuih asam gumpal kurang diminati dikalangan golongan muda kerana ia merupakan sejenis kuih berhidang dan tidak boleh dimakan secara pantas. Selain itu kuahnya yang melekit dianggap menyelekehkan dan kuah santan pekat itu dianggap kurang baik bagi kesihatan.
Kuih asam gumpal sesuai untuk dijadikan sebagi makanan petang kerana rasanya yang sedap dan mengenyangkan.
Amyza Aznan

Amyza binti Aznan (lahir 18 Julai 1974, kadangkala dikreditkan sebagai Amyza Aznan) merupakan seorang pelawak dan pelakon wanita Malaysia. pelakon cantik ini mula menceburkan diri dalam bidang seni lakonan sejak 1995. Antara drama terawal lakonannya yang begitu popular ialah siri komedi Mat Despatch. Amyza meraih perhatian ramai apabila muncul menerajui siri komedi Tiga Dara: Tan Tin Tun bersama pelakon Jasmin Hamid dan Norseha selama 4 tahun pada 2005.
Pada tahun 2011 Amyza mengejutkan penggemar drama bersiri apabila berjaya menghayati watak dramatik dalam drama bersiri Trilogi Cinta di TV1 bersama Rosyam Nor. Drama bersiri ini mencapai rating hingga 1.2 juta penonton.
Anak sulung daripada lima beradik ini yang terdiri daripada 5 beradik,ini lahir pada 18 Julai 1974 di Alor Gajah, Melaka. Bapanya, Aznan Ibrahim seorang bekas anggota polis dan pekerja malaysia airlines system( MAS) sementara ibunya, Khadijah Mohd. Iderus juga seorang pekerja di malaysia airlines system (M.A.S). Sejak kecil lagi dia cukup popular baik di sekolah mahupun di kalangan anak-anak jirannya. Ini kerana, mulutnya yang dikatakan suka bercakap dan berceloteh tak henti-henti itu telah membuat ramai yang senang mendampinginya. Kerana kelebihan itu Amyza kini menempa nama sebagai pelakon komedi yang disukai ramai. Ketika berusia 8 tahun, Amyza sekeluarga berpindah ke Kampung Melayu Subang, Selangor dan bersekolah di Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan,memasuki sekolah berasrama di melaka. kebetulan satu sekolah dengan penyanyi Anuar Zain dan pengacara TV Anne Hamid.
. Pada tahun 2004, Amyza berkahwin dengan pegawai Petronas Khairil Idzhar Md Nazir dan kekal bahagia dan dikurniakan tiga cahayamata Andre Mikhail (lahir 2006), Andrian Adam (2008) dan Ayden Andika (2014). Amyza dan suami menang naib juara pertandingan realiti amal tarian Sehati Berdansa pada tahun 2009.
Anugerah Skrin 2011

Anugerah Skrin 2011 (ASK2011) ialah majlis penganugerahan seni audiovisual (filem dan televisyen) Malaysia, Anugerah Skrin yang dianjurkan buat kali ke-15. Ia berlangsung pada 4 November 2011 di Pusat Dagangan Dunia Putra, Kuala Lumpur.
ASK2011 mempertandingkan 24 kategori meliputi drama, filem dan penerbitan dalaman serta dua anugerah khas iaitu Anugerah Yasmin Ahmad dan Anugerah Artis Harapan Pantene.
Terbitan-terbitan yang layak dikeluarkan pada 1 Julai 2010 hingga 31 Jun 2011.
Penyertaan drama kali ini dilihat datangf daripada pelbagai genre . Ianya tidak seperti tahun lepas dimana drama bertema keagamaan dilihat mendominasi pencalonan. Berikut merupakan drama yang layak bertanding:
Ally Iskandar mempersilakan Rahim Razali untuk mendeklamasikan sajak "Tenanglah Di Sana" hasil nukilan Ahmad Fedtri Yahya ketika segmen tribute Dalam Kenangan. Segmen ini mengenang pemergian kesembilan-sembilan seniman dan seniwati berikut yang terpapar di dalam montaj:
Scenes of Malaysian Life

Scenes of Malaysian Life (juga dikenali sebagai Lat & Easy dari 2002 sehingga 2014) merupakan siri lerang komik oleh kartunis Malaysia, Lat, yang diterbitkan dan disiarkan di dalam akhbar New Straits Times. Lerang komik ini, yang disiarkan selama 40 tahun, dari 1974 sehingga 2014, menggambarkan cara hidup masyarakat Malaysia yang berbilang budaya. Kebanyakan karya beliau dalam siri ini juga dimuatkan dalam buku komik beliau.
Pada tahun 1973, Lat, yang ketika itu bertugas sebagai wartawan jenayah di New Straits Times, telah menghantar lerang komiknya untuk majalah Asia Magazine yang berpangkalan di Hong Kong dengan budaya hidup tradisional sebagai subjek utama yang mana beliau melukis kartun dan menyediakan dialog tentang upacara tradisi Melayu Islam, berkhatan. Ia menarik perhatian ketua pengarang New Straits Times ketika itu, Lee Siew Yee, yang kemudiannya menawarkan jawatan kartunis tetap di akhbar itu. Lat kemudian mengambil jawatan itu yang dicipta khas untuk beliau oleh penyunting akhbar itu, Abdul Samad Ismail. Ini mendorong Lat untuk mengarang lerang komik Scenes of Malaysian Life yang mana tugas beliau ialah mengetengahkan kehidupan seharian masyarakat Malaysia yang berbilang kaum dan budaya dan hal ehwal semasa. Beliau menggambarkannya sebagai "sesuatu yang sangat inovatif pada ketika itu".
Kartun pertama yang dilukis oleh Lat untuk siri ini ialah "Perak Wedding", yang diterbitkan pada Mac 1974. Selepas pulang ke Malaysia daripada pengajiannya selama 4 bulan di St Martin's School of Art di London, Lat mengubah format Scenes of Malaysian Life kepada siri kartun editorial. Pada tahun 1984, sebahagian daripada keinginan untuk menjauhkan diri daripada tumpuan umum, Lat meletak jawatan daripada New Straits Times untuk menjadi pekerja bebas, namun akan terus melukis Scenes of Malaysian Life untuk akhbar tersebut. Pada tahun 1995, Scenes of Malaysian Life dihentikan seketika daripada New Straits Times kerana Lat mengambil keputusan untuk bercuti selama setahun. Siri itu kembali diterbitkan pada tahun berikutnya sehingga ia berakhir pada tahun 2014.
Lerang komik ini mendapat sambutan yang baik dan membawa karya Lat ke puncak kemasyhuran. Pada tahun 2000-an, siri ini disiarkan tiga kali seminggu dalam New Straits Times.
Galeri Ilham menggambarkan siri ini sebagai "naratif yang benar-benar Malaysia dan menggambarkan kehidupan sebuah negara dengan sempurna".
Josiah Ng

Josiah Ng Onn Lam (Cina ringkas: 伍安临; Cina tradisional: 伍安臨; pinyin: Wǔ Ānlín, lahir 2 Februari 1980), merupakan pelumba basikal Malaysia dalam acara trek. Beliau pernah bertanding pada Sukan Olimpik 3 kali iaitu tahun 2004, 2008, dan 2012. Pada tahun 2004, beliau digelar sebagai atlet Olimpik Malaysia yang masuk acara akhir dalam acara lumba basikal pada Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 2004.
Yogi B

Yogeswaran a/l Veerasingam atau lebih dikenali sebagai Yogi B (lahir 14 Disember 1974) merupakan seorang penyanyi, penulis lagu dan penerbit rakaman Malaysia. Beliau terkenal sebagai penyanyi utama kumpulan hip hop, Poetic Ammo di mana beliau menerbitkan tiga album bersama kumpulan ini. Beliau juga dikenali sebagai pelopor muzik hip hop di Asia.
Aeropod

Aeropod adalah projek pembangunan bercampur yang merangkumi hotel, pusat membeli-belah, pejabat runcit, suite kediaman, pejabat korporat dan taman hijau di Tanjung Aru, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Projek-projek ini sedang dilakukan dalam lima peringkat. Projek-projek ini juga termasuk peruntukan bagi transit rel ringan (LRT) di metropolitan Kota Kinabalu, untuk memperbaiki stesen kereta api sedia ada di Tanjung Aru
Cadbury

Cadbury adalah syarikat manisan multinasional British yang dimiliki sepenuhnya oleh Mondelez International (asalnya Kraft Foods) sejak 2010. Ia adalah jenama manisan yang kedua terbesar di dunia selepas Wrigley's. Cadbury di peringkat antarabangsa yang beribu pejabat di Uxbridge, barat London, dan beroperasi di lebih daripada lima puluh negara-negara di seluruh dunia. Ia terkenal dengan coklat Dairy Milk, kotak pilihan Creme Egg and Roses, dan banyak produk manisan lain. Salah satu jenama British yang paling terkenal, pada tahun 2013 The Daily Telegraph menamakan Cadbury antara eksport paling berjaya di Britain.
Cadbury telah ditubuhkan di Birmingham, England pada tahun 1824, oleh John Cadbury yang menjual teh, kopi dan minuman coklat. Cadbury membangunkan perniagaan bersama adiknya Benjamin, diikuti oleh anak-anaknya Richard dan George. George membangunkan harta Bournville, sebuah kampung model direka untuk memberi pekerja syarikat itu keadaan hidup yang lebih baik. coklat susu tenusu, diperkenalkan pada tahun 1905, yang menggunakan kadar yang lebih tinggi daripada susu dalam resipi berbanding dengan produk saingan. Menjelang 1914, coklat adalah produk paling laris syarikat. Cadbury, bersama Rowntree dan Fry, adalah besar tiga pengeluar konfeksi British di sebahagian besar abad kesembilan belas dan kedua puluh.
Cadbury telah diberikan Waran Diraja pertamanya dari Ratu Victoria pada tahun 1854. Ia merupakan satu pemegang Waran Diraja dari Elizabeth II sejak 1955. Cadbury bergabung dengan JS Fry & Sons pada tahun 1919, dan pada tahun 1969. Schweppes Cadbury adalah satu juzuk berterusan daripada FTSE 100 di Bursa Saham London dari penubuhan indeks tahun 1984 sehingga syarikat itu telah dibeli oleh Kraft Foods pada tahun 2010.
Cadbury menarik balik dua produk coklat selepas ia diuji positif bagi mengesan DNA babi, iaitu Cadbury Dairy Milk Hazelnut dan Cadbury Dairy Milk Roast Almond. Kesan-kesan yang ditemui semasa pemeriksaan berkala untuk bahan-bahan yang tidak halal dalam produk makanan oleh Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia yang pada 24 Mei 2014 berkata dua daripada tiga sampel produk syarikat mungkin mengandungi sisa daging babi.
Pada 2 Jun 2014, Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM) mengisytiharkan bahawa sampel itu tidak mengandungi DNA babi, seperti yang didakwa dalam laporan sebelum ini. Kenyataan ini telah dibuat selepas ujian baru telah dijalankan.
JAKIM dilaporkan berkata dalam satu kenyataan bahawa mereka menguji 11 sampel Cadbury Dairy Milk Hazelnut, Cadbury Dairy Milk Roast Almond dan produk-produk lain dari kilang syarikat itu tetapi tiada seorang pun daripada mereka didapati positif daging babi. Siasatan itu berikutan laporan bahawa cek tidak berjadual telah menunjukkan bahawa dua coklat dihasilkan oleh Mondelez International Inc., syarikat induk Cadbury, melanggar undang-undang Islam dan membawa kepada pemulauan semua produknya di negara ini.
Hotpack

Hotpack Global is a food packaging and distribution company based in the UAE, founded by Abdul Jebbar and Zainudeen PB in 1995. The company has operations in 29 locations across the Middle East, UK, North America, Malaysia, India, and various African countries. It exports to over 106 countries and is the largest manufacturer of packaging products in the GCC region.
Abdul began his career in trading at a young age, procuring foreign goods from individuals arriving from the Gulf. In 1990, he moved to Dubai and worked in various jobs. In 1995, Abdul and his brother Zainudeen PB founded Majid Plastics, which started as a packaging trading company and later became a packaging manufacturer known as Hotpack.
In 2013, the company established its first manufacturing unit at Dubai Investment Park (DIP). The company expanded its operations to the United Kingdom in 2018 with the formation of its subsidiary H-Pack, a global manufacturing facility in Wales. In 2021, Hotpack entered into an agreement with DP World, UAE Region, to export its products through the Jebel Ali Port. In 2022, Hotpack Global announced a AED 350 million investment in Malaysia in collaboration with Free The Seed to build biodegradable packaging plants using rice straw, facilitated by the Malaysian Bioeconomy Development Corporation. The same year, the company opened a $68 million manufacturing and logistics unit in National Industries Park, Dubai. In 2022, the company acquired Al Huraiz Packaging Industry (AHP), a UAE-based carton manufacturer. In 2023, the company announced plans to establish a specialized food packaging project in Saudi Arabia worth an estimated SR1 billion ($266 million). The project aimed to produce environment-friendly products.
Alpo (pet food)

Alpo is an American brand of dog food marketed and manufactured by the Nestlé Purina PetCare subsidiary of Nestlé. The brand is offered as a canned or packaged soft food, as well as in dry kibbles.
Alpo, an abbreviation of Allen Products, was founded in 1936 by Robert F. Hunsicker in Allentown, Pennsylvania. The original factory was located in a small building at the southwest corner of New and Cedar streets.
In 1964, the Allen Products Company was acquired by Liggett & Myers Tobacco Company. In 1980, the Liggett & Myers Tobacco Company was acquired by Grand Metropolitan; and, in 1986, Grand Metropolitan sold the Liggett Group, but retained Alpo Petfoods, Inc. In 1995, Nestlé SA acquired Alpo Petfoods, Inc. from Grand Metropolitan. In January 2001, Nestlé SA announced the merger of Nestlé Friskies with Ralston Purina to form the Nestlé Purina PetCare Company.
For many years, the brand's main television commercial spokesman was Lorne Greene, who created the concept of eating one's own dog food by claiming that Alpo is so good he feeds it to his own dogs. Ed McMahon also had a long association with the product on television, and Garfield was a "spokescat" for the brand in the 1990s. Alpo was the sponsor of the debut broadcast of the long-running television news magazine 60 Minutes, on September 24, 1968.
Alpo had an advertisement on the left-center field wall at Connie Mack Stadium, home of the Philadelphia Phillies, from the mid-1950s through the park's closure in 1970.
Alpo is also known for its marketing campaigns that target the owners of "real dogs", making light of consumers who pamper their dogs.
Kue bangkit

Kue bangkit is a small biscuit (kue or kuih) in Malay cuisine made from sago starch, commonly found amongst the Malay communities in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. The biscuit is found in various colours, ranging from white to yellowish to brown, depending on the additional ingredients.
In Indonesia, kue bangkit is associated with the Malay community of Riau and Riau Islands provinces, while in Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore, kuih bangkit is associated with both the Malay and Chinese communities. It is one of the typical traditional cookies often consumed during Hari Raya and Chinese New Year.
The biscuit is also consumed in other countries under different names; in Thailand (especially Southern Thailand), it is known as khanom ping while in Vietnam, these tapioca cookies are known as banh phuc linh. These cookies are commonly served during the Lunar New Year in these countries.
The coconut sago cookie is called kue bangkit in Indonesia, and kuih/kueh bangkit in Malaysia and Singapore. The term bangkit in Malay means 'rise', referring to the fact that the biscuit expands to twice the size after baking.
Kue bangkit ingredients consist of sago or tapioca starch, thick coconut milk, sugar, egg yolks, pandan leaf, margarine and salt. Sometimes vanilla extract and gula aren (palm sugar) might be used for a better aroma.
The texture of the biscuit is very crispy and tends to be brittle. The dough is molded using small cookie molds, and subsequently the cookies being baked using oven. Eating this cake will give the sensation of melting in the mouth. However, the texture remains crispy when chewed. Kue bangkit has a sweet and savory flavour.
In Singapore, McDonald's outlets released desserts inspired by the biscuit's taste, including kueh bangkit-flavoured McFlurry, sundae, and soft serve.