davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Supreme Eiye Confraternity

The Supreme Eiye Confraternity (SEC), also known as the National Association of Airlords (NAA), is a confraterenity in Nigeria. It was established in 1965.
The Supreme Eiye Confraternity was established at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria in 1965 as the Eiye Group. Its founders were students Goke Adeniji, Bayo Adenubi, Tunde Aluko, Bode Fadase, Dele Nwakpele, Kayode Oke, and Bode Sowunmi. Its purpose is "to uphold the core nature of the African culture with a commitment to excellence" and "to make [a] positive impact on the socio-political psyche of Nigeria and ensure complete break away from [the] colonial/imperial cultural domination of the time". In 1969, it became the Supreme Eiye Confraternity (SEC).
The group registered with the government as the National Association of Airlords (NAA). It has added chapters or forums throughout Nigeria and countries in North Africa, West Africa, the Middle East, and Western Europe. The majority of its members are teenagers, college students, and recent college graduates.
The name Eiye is Yoruba for bird, coming from the expression eiye o ni sa sun, on buta or "a bird has no pot, yet feeds itself". Its symbols is an eagle. Members have a bird tattoo on the back of their left arm. Cities with a chapter are called nests, with its "mother nest" being in Ibadan.
The confraternity's colors are blue and white. Members wear fez caps, inscribed with the date 6:15. The group celebrates its anniversary on June 15.
Its leader is called a Capone, referring to American gangster Al Capone. Members are referred to as Fliers, Airforce, and Airlords.
Although formed as a student group, the BBC reports that it has become a crime group, with many members committing violence and crimes in Nigeria and abroad, including drug trafficking, passport forgery, and sex trafficking. The Guardian has called it a "secret cult". The Police Campaign Against Cultism and Other Vices of Nigeria Police Force calls the Supreme Aiye Confraternity a "dangerous and unlawful group".
Its initiation ceremonies include beatings and hazing, often requiring recruits to commit crimes such as armed robbery, "obligatory rapes", or physical attacks on faculty members. Some former members claim they were kidnapped and forced to join during the group's celebrations.
National colours

National colours are frequently part of a country's set of national symbols. Many states and nations have formally adopted a set of colours as their official "national colours" while others have de facto national colours that have become well known through popular use. National colours often appear on a variety of different media, from the nation's flag to the colours used in sports. Before World War I, they also served as the colours of different military uniforms for each nation or region.
These are the national colours for countries or states that have limited or no recognition.
Some noted supranational organisations like the United Nations and the European Union have their own colours as part of their branding and marketing. They are usually taken from the organisation's flag. Although they do not have national sporting teams, the colours can be used for anything connected to the organisation, like associated bodies.
Field strength

In physics, field strength is the magnitude of a vector-valued field (e.g., in volts per meter, V/m, for an electric field E). For example, an electromagnetic field has both electric field strength and magnetic field strength. As an application, in radio frequency telecommunications, the signal strength excites a receiving antenna and thereby induces a voltage at a specific frequency and polarization in order to provide an input signal to a radio receiver. Field strength meters are used for such applications as cellular, broadcasting, wi-fi and a wide variety of other radio-related applications.
Umusambi

umusambi ni igikoresho abanyarwanda baboha mu migwegwe ndetse nibindi byatsi bimera mwishyamba
no mugishanga
umusambi ni igikoresho baboha mu migwegwe ndetse no mubindi byatsi bimera mugishanga
ni gikoresho gifite akamaro kuko bakicaraho cyane cyane mubicde byo mubyaro usanga abenshi bicara
kumisambi barya,baganira nibindi hari nibice bimwe nabimwe byo mubyaro bayisasa bakayiryamaho
Umukebe

umukebe nikimwe mubikoresho bakoresha babika ibindi muburyo bwo kubirinda neza kwangirika nubu ugikoreshwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi bwa banyarwanda nabandi banyagihugu.
abantu benshi bakoresha iki gikoresho muburyo bwo kurinda ibyo babaga bashaka kubika neza si no mubyarwanda gusa n/ abanyamahanga barawukoresha kugeza nubu kuko nigikoresho kiza mukurinda ibibikwa
ESight

eSight nigikoresho cyubuvuzi gishobora kwambarwa kigamije kunoza icyerekezo cyimikorere yababana nubushobozi buke cyangwa ubuhumyi bwemewe . Iki gikoresho cyakozwe na sosiyete ikorera muri Kanada eSight Corp.
eSight yashinzwe mu 2006 na Conrad Lewis, injeniyeri w’amashanyarazi muri Kanada hamwe na bashiki bacu babiri bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. Icyamuteye kwari ukubaka igikoresho cyafasha bashiki be kubona, gushobora gukora no kwigenga gukora ibikorwa hafi ya byose bya buri munsi (ADLs).
Igisekuru cya mbere cyibikoresho, eSight 1, cyasohotse mu Kwakira. Igisekuru cya kabiri, eSight 2, cyasohotse muri Gicurasi 2015 kandi kirimo ibyuma byinshi byavuguruwe, birimo ecran ya HD OLED, amabara meza hamwe n’ibisubizo bya ecran ndetse nubuzima burebure bwa bateri.
ESight 3 yasohotse muri Gashyantare 2017. Muri Gicurasi 2017, Ikinyamakuru Time cyashyize eSight ku rutonde rwa “Tekinoroji Nziza ya 2017 Kugeza ubu.”
Igisekuru kiriho, eSight 4 cyasohotse mu ntangiriro za 2020.
eSight ikubiyemo amabara abiri ya HD yerekana, imwe imbere ya buri jisho, hamwe ninzira zandikirwa zijyanye nu mukoresha wihariye. Iyerekana ihuza ibice bibiri byigenga, kandi bitandukanye cyane na OLED ya ecran, 1024x768 ikemurwa hamwe na dogere 37.5 yumurima-wo-kureba. Kamera iri imbere yigikoresho ifata amashusho muri Ultra HD kuri 21.5 MP kandi ikemerera zoom zigera kuri 24x. Imikoreshereze ya eSight iragaragaza kandi HDMI na USB yinjiza, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi hamwe namakarita ya SD yakuweho.
Weevac 6

Weevac 6 ni ikirago cyo kurambura cyakozwe mu buryo bwihariye bwo gutwara abana b'afite cyangwa abana muri rusange, nko mu bitaro cyangwa mu kwimura abarwayi . Weevac 6 yahimbwe na Wendy Murphy, wavukiye muri Kanada muri 1985. Yabonye igitekerezo cyo kubikora akirebera amakuru y’umutingito wo mu mujyi wa Mexico, y'ibaza impamvu nta gikoresho cyo kwimura cyagenewe abana.
Inkomoko y'izina "Weevac 6" ituruka ku kuba igikoresho cyagenewe gutwara " abana nka 6 ".
Weevac 6 yashyizwe ku mwanya wa 35 kuri minisiteri ya CBC Ikintu gikomeye cya Kanada .
Urugo rwa Yezu Nyirimpuhwe mu Ruhango

Mu rugo rwa Yezu Nyirimpuhwe hazwi nko kwa Yezu Nyirimpuhwe, n'ahantu hamenyekanye cyane kubera abahasengeraga bavugaga ko bahakiriye indwara zitandukanye, ubu hakaba habera amateraniro manini buri cyumweru cyambere cy'ukwezi. Hateranira abanyarwanda baturutse hirya no hino mu gihugu ndetse nabandi banyamahanga.
Uru rugo ruherereye mu ntara y'amajyepfo, akarere ka Ruhango, Umuhanda wa NR 1.
Mu mwaka wa 1992,mu mutambagiro w’umunsi mukuru w’Isakaramentu Ritagatifu. Uwo munsi,hari abarwayi bakiriye mu isengesho ryo gusabira abarwayi ryabereye mu kigo nderabuzima cya Ruhango aho bari bategura isengesho ryo gusabira abarwayi mu rwego rwa paruwasi. Hamwe numuryango wa "communaute ya Emmanuel" buri cyumweru cya mbere cy’ukwezi kigirwa umunsi w’isengesho ryo gusabira abarwayi no gusabira ibindi bibazo binyuranye. Ibi byatumye Ruhango yamamara,bituma havuka n’igitekerezo cyo kuhubaka ahantu abantu bajya bahurira n’Imana kandi bakiyunga nayo. Nuko aho hantu bahita<<Urugo rwa Yezu Nyirimpuhwe>>. Ku italiki ya 6 Ukuboza 1998 ni bwo Musenyeri Anasitazi Mutabazi,wari umushumba wa Diyosezi ya kabgayi,yahaye umugisha urwo rugo,atanga n’uruhushya rwo gushengerera Isakaramentu Ritagatifu igihe cyose(amanywa n’ijoro)muri shapeli y’urwo rugo.
Kureba igihe kizaza cy’Ibidukikije by’u Rwanda

Ubu buryo ni ubwo gusubiza ikibazo gikurikira, ni gute dushobora kugera ku iterambere mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage no mu bukungu ku buryo buboneye kurushaho ku birebana n’ibidukikije kandi burushijeho guhenduka ?
Kugeza uyu munsi, ingengo y’imari igenerwa inzego zifite ibidukikije mu nshingano zazo ni ntoya cyane ugereranije n’uburemere bw’ingorane zihura na zo mu kugena ibikorwa bijyanye no kugera ku bidukikije bifite ireme. Abarebwa n’ibidukikije basa n’abataremeje bihagije ikigega cy’imari ko ishoramari rishyashya mu bidukikije rikwiriye mu birebana n’ubukungu n'ibidukikije. Nyamara, guhera mu 2003 kugeza mu 2007, ingengo y’imari yagenewe ibidukikije yiyongereye kuva kuri 0,06% kugera kuri 1,15 % (MINITERE 2006).
Imikurire y' umwana mu Rwanda

Mu Rwanda ibipimo by' imikurire y' abana bato bigaragaza ko hari impinduka ikomeye yabaye mu mikurire hashingiwe k' ubushakashatsi bwakozwe k' ubuzima n' imibereho by' abaturage mu mwaka 2020.
Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda 13% y' abana bavuka bafite ibiro bike biri munsi ya 2.5, 33% by' abana bari munsi y' imyaka itanu bafite ikibazo cyo kugwingira, 93% by' abana bari hagati y' amezi 6 na 23 nibo bahabwa inkingo zose zagenwe.
Igwingira ni ikibazo gihangayikishije igihugu n' isi muri rusange,Mu Rwanda igwingira ryigaragaza muburyo 3 aribwo kugwingira mu mikurire, mu mitekerereze no mu mbamutima. URwanda rwafashe ingamba zinyuranye mu kurwanya no kurandura igwingira mu bana bato, gahunda z' amarerero y' abana bato ,gahunda mbonezamikurire y' abana bato na gutanga inyongeramirire.
ISURI MU RWANDA

Isuri ni kimwe mu bibazo byangiza ibidukikije mu Rwanda iki kibazo giterwa ni imvura nyishi kikaba gikunze ku boneka muri tumwe mu turere tw' uRwanda cyane cyane udifite imisozi ihanamye urugero nka Rulindo ndetse n' utundi dutandukanye
IBICE ISURI IKUNDA KWIBASIRA MU RWANDA NI NGARUKA ZAYO
Mu Rwanda imiterere yarwo iratunganye hari igice cy' imisozi , utununga ,ibibaya , n'imisozi ihanamye n'ibindi bitandukanye .
isuri mu misozi ihanamye
Mu bice bitandukanye by' iguhu by 'umwihariko mu misozi ihanamye hagaragara isuri kurita ahandi harimo uturere twa nyamasheke , Rulindo , Rusizi hamwe nu utundi dufite imisozi ihanamye mu bice by 'iguhu bitandukanye
Zimwe mu ngaruka z'isuri:
Ø Iyangiraka ry'ibikorwa remezo nka imihanda ,amashuri ndetse n'ibindi
Ø Isuri yangiza imyaka ya abaturage n 'imirima y'abo.
Ø Kwangirika ku urusobe rw'ibimera
Ø Hari urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bipfa byishwe n'isure .
Ø Isuri itera inkangu
Ø Isuri ishobora kuterAimpfu z' abantu
NI GUTE TWA KWIRINDA TUKANAKUMIRA ISURI
Mu Rwanda hamaze kugaraga ko isuri ari ikabazo hakozwe bimwe mi bikorwa byo kuyirwanya no kurengera ibidukikije n'urosobe rw'ibinyabuzima muri rusange hacukurwa imiringoti , ibyobo bifata amazi , amaterasi yindinganire , hatewe ibiti n'ibyatsi bifata amazi , hakorwa imiyoboro ya amazi indi igenda isiburwa ndetse ni ibindi bkorwa bitandukanye bigamije kurwanya isuri no kubungabunga ibidukikije
Amashakiro
Uburezi budaheza mu Rwanda

Uburezi budaheza (mu Icyongereza: Inclusive Education) n'igahunda ya goverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizweho k'ubufatanye na Minisiteri y'Uburezi (MINEDUC) igamije guha abana bose bafite ubumuga butandukanye amahirwe yo kwiga no kugera ku inzozi zabo. Politiki y’uburezi budaheza iteganya ko abana bose, baba abafite ubumuga n’abatabufite bahabwa uburezi bufite ireme kandi ku rugero rungana, nyamara umubare w’abarimu bafite ubumenyi bwo kwigisha icyiciro cy’abana bafite ubumuga uracyari hasi cyane.
Guha abanyarwanda ubumenyi n’ubushobozi bishingiye ku burezi bufite ireme kandi budaheza, bujyanye n’ibikenewe kw’isoko ry’umurimo ndetse bujyanye n’igihe, byose byubakiye ku ndangagaciro z’umuco nyarwanda.
Kuba inkingi ya mbwamba n’umusemburo w’iterambere n’imibereho myiza y’abanyarwanda binyuze mu kubaha ubumenyi, ubumenyingiro, n’ubushobozi byubakiye ku ndangagaciro nyarwanda.
Inkingi ya mwamba ya politike nshya y’uburezi ishingiye ku ndangagaciro nyarwanda zirimo; kwihesha agaciro, kwigira gukora umurimo unoze.
Politike nshya y’uburezi ishimangira ko nta muntu n’umwe ugomba gusigara inyuma mu burezi.
Politike nshya y’uburezi ifite intego yo gutanga ubumenyi n’ubushobozi bikwiye ku isoko ry’umuriomo rya none n’ejo hazaza
Uruhare rw’umurezi ni ihame mu guteza imbere uburezi bufite ireme kuri buri rwego rw’uburezi.
Inama y'igihugu y'abafite ubumuga ivuga ko kuva Minisiteri y'uburezi yinjiye muri gahunda y'uburezi budaheza mu myigishirize yo mu Rwanda, hari impinduka impinduka nini yagaragaye mumibereho y'abantu bafite ubumuga kuko cyari kimwe mu bibazo byugarije imyigire yabo.
Partnership for Enhancing Agriculture in Rwanda through Linkages

Ubufatanye mu kuzamura ubuhinzi mu Rwanda binyuze mu guhuza isoko ( icyongereza :Partnership for Enhancing Agriculture in Rwanda through Linkages PEARL ), wari umushinga wo guteza imbere ubuhinzi mu Rwanda .
Intego ya PEARL kwari ugufasha igihugu cy'u Rwanda mu bikorwa byo kwiyubaka bivuye ku ngaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. PEARL yakoranye n’abaturage bo mu cyaro hirya no hino mu Rwanda kugira ngo binjize amafaranga binyuze mu guteza imbere ibikomoka ku buhinzi no guhuza isoko .
PEARL yatewe inkunga n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga kandi kiyobowe n’abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Michigan, kaminuza ya Texas A&amp;M n’inzego zinyuranye z’u Rwanda zirimo kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi mu Rwanda, Ikigo cy’ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga n’imicungire mu Rwanda. n'Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ikawa. Amikoro ya kaminuza yanyujijwe mu cyaro hagamijwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi no kongera amafaranga .
Umushinga wakoranye namakoperative y'abahinzi kongera no kwamamaza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye by'ubuhinzi, byibanda ku ikawa n’ibindi. Kongera kwitondera kugenzura ubuziranenge no guhuzagurika mu musaruro byatumye habaho intsinzi mu byoherezwa mu mahanga. Urugero rwo gutsinda ni umusaruro no kugurisha ikawa ya Maraba iva Maraba, mu Rwanda . Umuyobozi wa PEARL yari Dr. Timothy Schilling .
Ikigega mpuzamahanga cyo guteza imbere ubuhinzi

Ikigega mpuzamahanga gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi (mu icyongereza: International Fund for Agriculture development "IFAD) ni ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’imari n’ikigo cyihariye cy’umuryango w’abibumbye kigamije guca ubukene n’inzara mu cyaro cy’ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere ubu Kikaba kiyobowe na Dr. Alvaro Lario.
Gendron, Inc.

Gendron , Inc. ni isosiyete y'abanyamerika ukora ibikoresho by'abamugaye, ibitanda by'ibitaro, n'ibindi bikoresho by'ubuvuzi biherereye i Bryan, Ohio
Isosiyete ya Gendron Iron Wheel yashinzwe muri 1872 i Toledo, muri Leta ya Ohio muri Amerika, ishingwa na Peter Gendron (wavutse muri 1844-1910). Gendron yabanje gukora amapine y'insinga z'imodoka. Muri 1890, amapine y'amagare, amapikipiki, intebe, amagare y’abana, y’ibipupe, amapine ya kwasteri, n'ayabamugaye,
Muri 1927, Gendron yabaye ishami ry'igihugu cy'Amerika . Umunyamerika washinzwe isosiyete ifasha ibigo bitatu: Toledo Metal Wheel, National Wheel, na American Wheel. Ibicuruzwa by'Abanyamerika, Toledo, na Gendron byagurishijwe ku mazina y'ubucuruzi ya Pioneer, Skippy, Express, Reliance, Hi-Speed, Hi-Way, Umuvuduko wihuta, Blue Streak, Sampson, na Streamline.
Mu mpera za 1930, Igihugu cy'amerika yagize ibibazo byamafaranga. Muri 1941, umutungo n'uburenganzira bwose ku murongo w'ibicuruzwa byaguzwe n'itsinda ry'inganda za Toledo ziyobowe na Walter H. Diemer, wahoze ari Perezida wa Amerika . Aho isosiyete nshya yashinzwe nka sosiyete ya Gendron Wheel Company yimukira i Perrysburg, muri Leta ya Ohio . Isosiyete yateguwe na " gukora, gutumiza mu mahanga, kohereza mu mahanga, kugura, kugurisha, no muri rusange mu igare ry’ibimuga, ibikoresho byo gukoresha n’ibindi byorohereza abana bato ".
Muri iki gihe Gendron , Inc. kuri ubu ikora nk'isosiyete yo gucunga abarwayi igendanwa yo gutwara, kuvura ihahamuka, gufata amashusho, abarwaye ibibari, ndetse n'uburyo bwihariye
Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu buhinzi

Ubuhinzi bugira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere binyuze mu byuka bihumanya ikirere no guhindura ubutaka butari ubuhinzi nk’amashyamba mu butaka bw’ubuhinzi. Ubuhinzi, amashyamba n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka bitanga hagati ya 13 kugeza kuri 21 ku ijana by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi. imyuka mibi igizwe na kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu buhinzi. Ubworozi ni soko nya mukuru yohereza ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
Ibikorwa byubuhinzi bisohora imyuka ya parike ya gaze karuboni, aside nitide, na metani .
Ibikorwa nko guhinga imirima, gutera ibihingwa, no kohereza ibicuruzwa bitera imyuka ya karuboni. Ubuhinzi bwangiza imyuka bingana na 11% byuka bihumanya ikirere. Imirima nko kugabanya guhinga, kugabanya ubutaka bwubusa, gusubiza biyomasi ibisigazwa by ibihingwa kubutaka, no kongera ikoreshwa ryibihingwa bitwikiriye bishobora kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Inyandikorugero:Bar chart
Isuka

Isuka ni igikoresho gifitiye abaturage akamaro kw'isi hose cyane cyane mubihugu bifite ubukungu
bushingiye kubuhinzi, amasuka abamo ubwoko bw'inshi hakaba barimo izihinga ndetse n'izibagara
Ubuhinzi bwa gakondo bukorwa hifashishijwe isuka
Isuka n'igikoresho cyubuhinzi bakoresha bahinga Imyaka yo kurya n'ibindi byinshi bitandukanye
Isuka kandi ikoreshwa bahinga ibishyimbo,ibijumba,ibirayi,ikawa,n'ibindi byinshi...
AMASHAKIRO
Utaye isuka aba agiye kuyishakira umuheto

Umugani "Utaye isuka aba agiye kuyishakira umuheto" ukomoka ku muco w’ubuhinzi n’ubuzima bw’abanyarwanda ba kera, aho isuka yari ikimenyetso cy’akazi n’iterambere mu buhinzi, kandi umuheto ukaba ikimenyetso cy’uburyo bwo kurinda cyangwa gukomeza gushaka amahoro. Uyu mugani ufite inyigisho ikomeye ku rwego rw’imikorere, ubushake bwo gukemura ibibazo, no kwihangira udushya.
Uyu mugani ukomoka ku mateka y’abaturage baharaniraga iterambere babinyujije mu buhinzi. Isuka yasobanuraga umurimo wo guhinga, naho umuheto ugashushanya uburyo bwo kwirwanaho cyangwa gushakisha uburyo bushya bwo gukemura ibibazo igihe ibintu bidakunze. Aho guta isuka bishatse kuvuga kureka ibyo umuntu yari asanzwe akora, ariko atari ukwiheba, ahubwo ashaka undi muti (umuheto) ngo akomeze urugendo.
Umugani ushatse kuvuga ko umuntu udaheranwa n’ibibazo akomeza gushaka ibisubizo mu bundi buryo butandukanye n’ubwo yari asanzwe akoresha.
Uyu mugani urigisha kutagira uburangare cyangwa kwiheba, ahubwo ugakomeza guharanira intsinzi mu buryo bushya.
Inkonzo

Mu Rwanda kimwe na ahandi mu Afurika ndetse nahandi henshi kwisi n'ibihugu bitunzwe n'ubuhinzi
n;ubworozi mu Rwanda abanyarwanda bagiraga ubwoko butandukanye bw'amasuka bakoreshaga
bahinga muburyo bwo kubona ibibatunga ndetse no kwiteza imbere.
Isuka ni igikoresho k'ingenzi mu buzima mu Rwanda cyane cyane mu buhinzi, kuva kera mu Rwanda rwo hambere isuka ni nkuru mu bikoresho Gakondo byumu Nyarwanda.
Mu Rwanda hahoze amoko menshi y'amasuka mbere y'umwaduko w'abazungu, ayo moko y'amasuka yavaga mu turere tumwe natumwe tw'u Rwanda. Bayitiriraga utwo Turere. bitewe naho amasuka yacuriwe, hari amasuka yacurirwaga i Buramba ayo akitwa amaramba
Hakaba amasuka yacurirwaga mu Busanza ayo akitwa Amasanza.
Naho amasuka yacurirwaga mu Kinyaga hafi y'i Bushi yitwaga Amashi , hakaba naya curirwaga I Gishari (mu Birambo bya Gishari) Amanyagishari.
Mu Rwanda hari nutundi Dusuka dutoya cyane bitaga Inshyamuro, Nyirabunyagwa, cyangwa Inkonzo. bakoresha batera intabire cyangwa babagara. Gusa nanubu utu dusuka turacyakoreshwa mu Rwanda, nubwo amasuka menshi ya kera yasimbuwe naya kizungu.
Amasuka ya kizungu yasimbuye ayakoreshwaga kera Abanyarwanda bayahimbye amazina bakurikije ibyapa biyariho.
urugero: nka isuka bita Cyapa Ngona kubera ko Iriho Icyapa k'Ingona, cyapa Musambi bitewe nuko hariho icyapa cy'umusambi,
Kera mu Rwanda abacuzi ntago bari bafite ibikoresho bihagije. gusa uko U Rwanda rugenda rutera imbere n'abacuzi niko bakomeza
kwagura umwuga wabo. Inganda zicura ndetse n'impuguke muri byo zikiyongera maze bagakora amasuka n'ibindi nkabyo bikomeye.
Imihango yo guhinga

Umuntu iyo agiye guhinga, maze mu ihinga igitaka kikamugwa mu kanwa, ngo ntabwo apfa muli uwo mwaka„ arawulya.
Umuntu amara gukwikira isuka, akayisiga amase, ngo idasaza vuba; barongera bakayisiga n’amavuta. Kirazira kurenga aho baharuliye isuka; ngo uharenze arwara imitezi.
Umuntu ujya guhinga inzuzi, amara guca amayogi, akenda intosho n’ingata; ingata akayicaraho, intosho akayihilika, ngo uko intosho yihilika, ni ko n’ibihaza byihilika.
Inkwano mu Rwanda

Mu Rwanda hose iyo basabaga umugeni bagombaga no kugira icyo baha umuryango utanze umugeni . Batangaga inkwano. lyo nkwano rero yabaga iyo kwerekana ko umugeni aturuka mu muryango wamureze. Yali IShimwe rya Nyiri umukobwa, kubera ko yabaga yarareze neza umwana akaba agiye gushinga urwe rugo . nkwano siko hose yabonekaga. Habagaho umugeni batangiraga ubuntu inkwano yabuze .
Iyo nyiri ugushaka umugeni yabaga yabengutse umukobwa, yasangaga Se w’umukobwa, yitwaje inzoga akamubwira yabengutswe umukobwa we, none akaba ashaka kumusabira umuhungu we. Nyiri umukobwa nawe yaba ashimye umuryango uje kumusaba umugeni akamubemerera, ariko akamusaba inkwano. Ubwo nyiri ugusaba umugeni yabaga yariteguye, inkwano ayifite bagahana igihe cyo kuzaza kumukwera. mu Rwanda hose, ntabwo yata­ngwaga ku buryo bumwe. Hari uturere twakwaga inka, utundi tugakwa andi amatungo yo mu. rugo: lnka, thene byose byaterwaga n’uko umuntu· atunze uko akarere kabigennye . Inkwano yali inkâ imwe, ku babaga bayifite. Ku babaga batayifite, batangaga ihene eshanu, esheshatu cyangwa se umunani. ku byerekeye amasuka hatangwaga isuka imwe, ajyanaga nayo suka yitwaga iya CYOZI, cyangwa se bagatanga isuka umwe ku matungo hatangwaga intama imwe.
Hoe (food)

Hoe (Korean: 회; pronounced [hwɛ]) is a Korean seafood dish that is eaten by trimming raw meat or raw fish. In addition to fish, it is also made with other marine products such as shrimp and squid, raw meat of land animals, and vegetable ingredients, but without any special prefix, it mainly refers to raw fish.
There are uncooked hoe (회) as well as blanched sukhoe (숙회).
Hoe (회), the raw fish or meat dish, can be divided into saengseon-hoe (생선회), filleted raw fish, and yukhoe (육회), sliced raw meat. Saengseon-hoe (생선회) can be either hwareo-hoe (활어회) made from freshly killed fish, or seoneo-hoe (선어회) made using aged fish. Mulhoe (물회) is a cold raw fish soup.
Sukhoe (숙회) is a blanched fish, seafood, meat, or vegetable dish. Ganghoe (강회) is a dish of rolled and tied ribbons made with blanched vegetables such as water dropworts and scallions.
There is a variant of the dish in Sakhalin Korean cuisine called khe. One reported version of the dish served in the Uzbek Korean restaurant Cafe Lily in New York City used catfish that was cured in vinegar, then seasoned.
Hwareo-hoe (활어회) is prepared by filleting freshly killed fish, while seoneo-hoe (선어회) is made with aged fish in a similar way as Japanese sashimi: removing the blood and innards and aging the fish at a certain temperature before filleting. Fish or seafood hoe is often served with gochujang-based dipping sauces, such as cho-gochujang (chili paste mixed with vinegar) and ssamjang (chili paste mixed with soybean paste). Hoe is often eaten wrapped in ssam (wrap) vegetables, such as lettuce and perilla leaves. After eating hoe at a restaurant, maeun-tang (spicy fish stew) made with the bones, head, and the remaining meat of the fish, can be served as an add-on dish.
According to records, hoe appears to have been eaten from Goryeo Dynasty (918–1392) at the latest. During the Joseon period, the state promoted Confucianism, and, as Confucius was known to have enjoyed eating raw meat, hoe consumption greatly increased.
Hoe-farming

Hoe-farming is a term introduced (as German: Hackbau; as opposed to Ackerbau) by Eduard Hahn in 1910 to collectively refer to primitive forms of agriculture, defined by the absence of the plough. Tillage in hoe-farming cultures is done by simple manual tools such as digging sticks or hoes. Hoe-farming is the earliest form of agriculture practiced in the Neolithic Revolution. Early forms of the plough (ard) were introduced throughout the Near East (Naqada II) and Europe (Linear Pottery culture) by the 5th to 4th millennium BC. The invention spread throughout Greater Persia and parts of Central Asia, reaching East Asia in the 2nd millennium BC (Chinese Bronze Age).
The parts of the world where agriculture was introduced but not the plough (in the case of the New World up to the introduction of plough-farming with European colonization) were named the hoe-cultivation belt (Hackbaugürtel) by Hahn (1914), followed by Werth (1954). The hoe-cultivation belt is mostly located in tropical latitudes, including Sub-Saharan Africa (but not the Horn of Africa, where the plough appears to have been introduced via Egypt), Maritime Southeast Asia, and the pre-Columbian Americas.
Hoe-farming often coincides with long fallow systems and shifting cultivation. Split hoes (also known as prong hoes, tined hoes or bent forks) are hoes that have two or more tines at right angles to the shaft. Their use is typically to loosen the soil, prior to planting or sowing. It provides the ability to cultivate effectively at small row distances. Split hoeing is contrasted to permanent plough-based cultivation systems and the intensification of agriculture. Hoe-farming may contain slash and burn clearance techniques, but they are not strictly necessary. It is usually embedded in the logic of subsistence agriculture.
Garden tool

A garden tool is any one of many tools made for gardening and landscaping, which overlap with the range of tools made for agriculture and horticulture. Garden tools can be divided into hand tools and power tools.
Today's garden tools originated with the earliest agricultural implements used by humans. Examples include the hatchet, axe, sickle, scythe, pitchfork, spade, shovel, trowel, hoe, fork, and rake. In some places, the machete is common.
The earliest tools were made variously of wood, flint, metal, tin, and bone. The development of metalworking, first in copper and later in bronze, iron, and steel, produced today's durable tools, including such efficient cutting tools as pruning shears (secateurs – for example anvil pruners), grass shears, and loppers.
Increasing use of modern alloys allows many tools to be made both stronger and lighter, making them more durable and easier to use.
Some modern tool designs reflect ergonomic considerations, being designed to induce less stress on the human body in use. The most efficient tools keep the body in a neutral position to help reduce the stress on joints and muscles, which also require less energy to use.
The first power tool to become popular with gardeners was the lawn mower. It was followed by various cultivators (such as the rototiller), string trimmers, hedge trimmers, lawn aerators, lawn sweepers, trenchers, leaf blowers, chainsaws, mini-tractors, and others.
Power tools have resulted in the transition from manual labor to large-scale mechanised agriculture.
The exhaust fumes from primarily 2-stroke gas-powered equipment is a source of air pollution. US emission standards specifically limit emissions from these small engines, which are being forced to become more efficient and less polluting. As Q1 2024 petrol powered tools are banned in California.
Lee Valley Tools

Lee Valley Tools Ltd. is a family-owned Canadian business specializing in tools and gifts for woodworking and gardening.
Lee Valley Tools was founded in 1978, in Ottawa, Ontario, by Leonard Lee, a recipient of the Order of Canada. Over the next ten years, the company opened several more stores in Toronto and Vancouver, and started manufacturing its own line of tools (starting with the Veritas Dovetail Marker in 1982). Since then, it has continued opening stores, manufacturing more diverse tools, and selling through mail order and the internet.
In 1998, Canica Design was launched. Canica is a medical design company associated with Lee Valley Tools which arose out of consultations between Leonard Lee and surgeon Michael Bell after Lee found that Bell was using Lee Valley tools in his plastic surgery practice.
Partly because of the company policy of enforcing and codifying the concept of “pay slope” limiting the pay at the highest levels in the company based on what the lowest paid employees earn, Lee Valley Tools earned a slot in the Forbes Top 500 Employers list in 2018.
In 2023, Lee Valley Tools had 18 stores, accounting for about half of its sales.
The primary business is mail-order and retail, purveying mainly woodworking and gardening tools and equipment, as well as woodworking hardware and gifts. The consumer part of the business runs under the main company name, Lee Valley Tools.
Lee Valley also has a manufacturing arm, called Veritas Tools. Veritas makes many woodworking hand-tools, including hand planes, marking gauges and other measuring tools, router tables, sharpening systems, and numerous other gadgets. Veritas does research and development activities for the factory line, and has developed and patented many innovative designs.
List of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (Japan)

This list is of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (世界農業遺産, Sekai nōgyō isan) (GIAHS), as designated by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and Japanese Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (日本農業遺産, Nihon nōgyō isan) (JNIAHS), as designated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), in Japan.
As of June 2022, there are 11 designated Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems in Japan.
As of June 2022, six systems have been proposed for future designation.
In addition to the three GIAHS above that are also JNIAHS, and the six JNIAHS above that have been put forward for designation as GIAHS, as of June 2022, thirteen systems have been designated.
Related initiatives include the network of World Heritage Irrigation Structures (世界遺産のかんがい施設), as recognized by the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, of which Japan has thirty-nine as of June 2022, and MAFF's Savor Japan Areas (食と農の景勝地).
Metal Blade Records

Metal Blade Records (often shortened to Metal Blade) is an American independent record label founded by Brian Slagel in 1982 based in the U.S. state of California. The label primarily focuses on heavy metal.
Metal Blade Records was founded in 1982 by Brian Slagel alongside its first release, Metal Massacre. Slagel was an employee of Los Angeles record store Oz Records and had launched a metal fanzine known as The New Heavy Metal Revue. He was a fan of New Wave of British Heavy Metal (NWOBHM)and was dedicated to the local heavy metal scene in California, but was also drawn to an underground strain of metal strongly influenced by NWOBHM like Raven and Venom which placed more emphasis on "heaviness" than melodic hooks and "anthem-like choruses". He saw that rock bands with a European influence began increasing in number around Southern California. Inspired by popular NWOBM compilations such as Metal for Muthas, he reached out to several local bands regarding contributing to a compilation that he envisioned as a showcase of "the best metal Los Angeles had to offer." Slagel purchased records for the compilation and contacted distributors who accepted the deal. Slagel received a call from Lars Ulrich—who had not formed a band yet—who asked if he could record a song for the album, which he accepted. Using borrowed money from his friends and family, Slagel pressed either 2,500 or 5,000 copies of Metal Massacre. The first pressing sold out almost immediately, credited to Slagel's work at Oz Records, where the store's independent distributors—Gem, Important, and Green World—purchasing them immediately. Slagel told Billboard that one of the distributors told him if he could provide them records, they would handle the manufacturing and distribution, resulting in Metal Blade's founding. He established a distribution deal with Green World, later known as Enigma, after a short-lived manufacturing and distribution deal with Metalworks. Metal Blade would later be considered as the first label to fully focus on heavy metal.
In April 1987, Metal Blade and Enigma Records signed a long-term distribution and development deal, with Enigma promoting and distributing Metal Blade Records artists' records along with distribution through CEMA, a record-label distribution branch of Capitol-EMI.
On January 18, 2017, Metal Blade Records was inducted into the Hall of Heavy Metal History for their large contribution to the Heavy Metal library. Brian was inducted by special guest Kerry King of Slayer. On August 29, 2017, BMG Rights Management published The Sake of Heaviness: The History of Metal Blade Records, a book on the label's history, co-written by Mark Eglington and the label's founder Brian Slagel.
In 2019 Metal Blade Records opened a store in Las Vegas, Nevada that sold rare and out-of-print items from them and their artists.
Metal Massacre

Metal Massacre is a series of compilation albums released through Metal Blade Records. It is famous for "shedding light" on heavy metal and extreme metal bands such as The Obsessed, Trouble, Overkill, Metal Church, Metallica, Slayer, Virgin Steele, Hellhammer, Voivod, Armored Saint, Lizzy Borden, Possessed and more.
In 1981, Brian Slagel, founder of Metal Blade Records, decided to put out a compilation of unsigned, underground metal bands. Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s he continued to release more volumes of the compilations. Metal Massacre XII was released in 1995 and was the final Metal Massacre album until Metal Massacre XIII, released 11 years later in 2006. Metal Massacre XIII differed from the previous releases which featured primarily unsigned bands, containing mostly established bands on the Metal Blade roster.
The first pressing was released on Metal Blade Records (MBR 1001), a second pressing on Metalworks Records (MW 6363), both in 1982. Black 'n Blue's "Chains Around Heaven" replaced Steeler's "Cold Day in Hell", which was the first track on the original version of the compilation.
Version 2 of Metallica's "Hit the Lights" is a new recording as James Hetfield was unhappy with the original version. The second pressing features Dave Mustaine alone on lead guitar instead of Lloyd Grant as lead guitar (first solo) and Dave Mustaine (second solo)-that was version 1. Also version 1 had reportedly James Hetfield on bass and rhythm guitar, while Ron McGovney was not actually playing on version 1 while credited. Version 2 with Dave Mustaine alone on lead guitar (and Ron McGovney on bass) is the same as that included in the No Life Til Leather demo (July 1982).
Ratt's "Tell the World" was omitted on subsequent pressings, starting with Metal Blade's 1984 re-issue. The 40th anniversary reissue of the album includes "Cold Day in Hell", "Chains Around Heaven" and "Tell the World", along with version 2 of "Hit the Lights".
London Hammer

The London Hammer (also known as the "London Artifact") is a hammer made of iron and wood that was found in London, Texas in 1936. Part of the hammer is embedded in a limey rock concretion, leading to it being regarded by some as an anomalous artifact. The tool is identical to late 19th-century mining hammers, and the most likely explanation for its encasement in rock is that a deposit of highly soluble travertine formed and hardened around it within a relatively short time.
The hammer was purportedly found by a local couple, Max Hahn and a female friend, while out walking along the course of the Red Creek near the town of London. They spotted a curious piece of loose rock with a bit of wood embedded in it and took it home with them. A decade later, their son Max broke open the rock to find the concealed hammerhead within.
The metal hammerhead is approximately 6 inches (15 centimeters) long and has a diameter of 1 in (25 mm), leading some to suggest that this hammer was not used for large projects, but rather for fine work or soft metal. The metal of the hammerhead consists of 96.6% iron, 2.6% chlorine, and 0.74% sulfur.
The hammer began to attract wider attention after it was bought in 1983 by the creationist Carl Baugh, who claimed the artifact was a "monumental 'pre-Flood' discovery." He has used it as the basis of speculation of how the atmospheric quality of an antediluvian Earth could have encouraged the growth of giants. Baugh's Creation Evidence Museum purchased the hammer around 1983 and began to promote it as "the London Artifact".
Other observers have noted that the hammer is stylistically consistent with typical American tools manufactured in the region in the late 19th century. Its design is consistent with a miner's hammer. One possible explanation for the rock containing the artifact is that the highly soluble minerals in the ancient limestone may have formed a concretion around the object via a common process (like that of a petrifying well) which often creates similar encrustations around fossils and other nuclei in a relatively short time.
Charles Dowding

Charles Dowding (born 1959) is an English horticulturalist and author who has pioneered modern no dig and organic soil management in the UK since 1983.
Dowding spent his childhood on a dairy farm in Somerset. He graduated from his degree in geography at Cambridge University in 1980, having been influenced by environmental writers such as Rachel Carson. In the 1980s he worked for a hotel in the Hebrides.
Dowding joined the Soil Association and began with his own organic, no dig market gardening, interested in improving quality of soil, while making a vegetable garden beautiful, ornamental, productive and supportive of biodiversity. He became influenced by the approaches of gardeners such as Ruth Stout, who championed strategies of leaving organic matter on the soil surface, rather than working it into the soil. Dowding started one of the UK's first vegetable box distribution schemes, bringing produce to local homes. In 1990 he left to live in France and Zambia before returning to settle back in Somerset for the rest of his life. He has worked four farms in Somerset, trialling and teaching organic, no dig methods and experimented with various forms of mulch. With his wife he also ran a bed and breakfast business, inspired by their time in France.
At Homeacres, in Alhampton near Castle Cary, Dowding now lectures and runs courses on no dig gardening methods, writing for assorted newspapers and the BBC. He is described as the "Guru of No Dig" and has published over ten books on the subject. In 2021 the work was featured at the RHS Hampton Court Flower Show. In 2024 he was awarded a RHS Elizabeth Medal of Honour for his work to promote no-dig gardening.
Dowding states that, with one helper, he can produce 100 kg of produce from a 10sqm plot and generates £20,000 worth of vegetables per year (2020 prices). He does not believe in the principles of crop rotation, or digging out vegetables to harvest. Hoeing and other forms of soil disturbance are minimally used; no pesticides, herbicides, fungicides or synthetic fertilisers are used. Main resources for enriching crops are pesticide-free manure and homemade organic compost. He proposes that if the soil is left unmolested, the community of biodiverse microbes, insects, invertebrates and important fine fungi can thrive. He suggests that fully alive humus holds moisture, air, and food for the resident life. Fungal proteins, such as glomalin from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, are left intact to spread and thrive, benefiting the soil, and leading to a reduction in erosion. After weeding, adding a thick layer of mulch to the soil helps to feed the plot and keep the annual weeds from growing by blocking their access to light.
Traditional garden methods suggest that soil should be dug over each autumn in order to aerate it, aid drainage and add growth improvers like manure. Dowding and other 'no dig' proponents state these approaches are not needed and do not support the resources of the soil.
Israel–Rwanda relations

Israeli–Rwandan relations refer to the bilateral diplomatic, economic, and cultural ties between the State of Israel and the Republic of Rwanda. These relations have seen significant growth and development in recent years, marked by high-level visits, the establishment of embassies, and various bilateral agreements.
The relationship between Israel and Rwanda has evolved considerably over the decades:
Israel and Rwanda cooperate in various fields, including:
The diplomatic relationship has also been bolstered by initiatives such as the establishment of direct flights between Israel and Rwanda.
Mkoa wa Mtwara

Mtwara ni jina la mji na mkoa wa Tanzania wenye postikodi namba 63000.
Mkoa wa Mtwara ni kati ya mikoa 31 ya Tanzania. Uko katika pembe ya kusini-mashariki kabisa la nchi. Umepakana na Mkoa wa Lindi upande wa kaskazini, Bahari Hindi kwa mashariki, Msumbiji katika kusini na Mkoa wa Ruvuma upande wa magharibi. Mpaka wa kusini ni Mto Ruvuma.
Ukiwa na km² 16,720 Mtwara ni mkoa mdogo katika Tanzania pamoja na Kilimanjaro.
Jumla kuna wakazi 1,634,947 waishio humo kadiri ya sensa ya mwaka 2022 (kutoka 1,270,854 wa sensa ya mwaka 2012).
Wanawake wanazidi wakiwa asilimia 53 ya wakazi wote kwa sababu wanaume wengi hutoka nje kutafuta kazi.
Kati ya makabila ya Mtwara ndio Wamakonde wanaojulikana zaidi kutokana na sanaa yao ya uchongaji wa ubao, hasa mpingo.
Kuna wilaya 9: Mtwara Mjini (pia iliitwa "Mikindani"), Mtwara Vijijini, Masasi Mjini, Masasi, Nanyamba, Nanyumbu, Newala Mjini, Newala na Tandahimba.
Ndani yake kuna tarafa 21, kata 98 na vijiji 554.
Mtwara iko kati ya mikoa iliyobaki nyuma miaka mingi kutokana na ugumu wa mawasiliano na barabara isiyopitika kwa sehemu kubwa ya kila mwaka.
Historia ya Mtwara inakuja sambamba na kumbukumbu la jaribio la Waingereza la kuanzisha mradi mkubwa wa maendeleo katika eneo hili ulioshindikana kabisa.
Kuanzia mwaka 1947 serikali ya kikoloni ilijenga bandari ya Mtwara pamoja na reli. Vilevile Mtwara mjini ilipangwa vizuri na kubwa. Sababu yake ilikuwa mpango wa kuanzisha kilimo cha mashamba makubwa kwa ajili ya karanga hasa zilizohitajika kwa ajili ya mahitaji ya Waingereza ya mafuta ya kupikia.
Mradi huo ulishindikana kabisa, pesa nyingi zilipotea hadi mradi ulifutwa kabla ya Tanzania kupata uhuru. Reli iliondolewa tena mwaka 1963.
Bandari imebaki ambayo haijaona kazi nyingi lakini bado ina faida ya kuwa na nafasi nzuri sana ya kupokea meli kubwa. Wakati wa mapambano dhidi ya serikali ya ubaguzi wa rangi katika Afrika Kusini mipango mbalimbali ilitungwa kutengeneza njia ya kupeleka bidhaa kutoka bandari ya Mtwara kwenda Songea na kutoka huko Malawi kwa kuvuka Ziwa Nyasa.
Baada ya kujengwa kwa daraja juu ya mto Rufiji mwaka 2002 kuna matumaini mpya ya kuwa na barabara inayotumika kati ya Mtwara na Dar es Salaam.
Eneo la Mnazi Bay ina gesi inayoweza kutumika kwa mahitaji ya nishati ya eneo lote.
Tegemeo kubwa la uchumi kwa mkoa wa Mtwara ni kilimo, hasa ikitegemea zao la korosho kwa wakulima wa wilaya zote za mkoa.
Kwa miaka ya karibuni wilaya ya Tandahimba na Masasi ndizo zimekuwa wazalishaji wa kiwango cha juu wa korosho. Pia mfumo wa stakabadhi ghalani umesaidia kwa kiasi fulani kwa miaka ya awali ya uanzishwaji mfumo huo (msimu wa 2008/2009) kwa miaka iliyofuata vyama vya msingi vimeonekana kuelemewa na mfumo huo na kusababisha sintofahamu inayoweza kurekebishwa kwa kuwahusisha wadau wote wa zao la korosho.
Wakati wa uchaguzi mkuu wa Tanzania mwaka 2015 mkoa huu ulikuwa na majimbo ya uchaguzi yafuatayo:
Maambukizo

Maambukizo humaanisha kuingia kwa vidubini katika mwili geni kama vidubini hivi vinabaki, vinazaa na kuenea.
Maambukizo mara nyingi yanasababisha magonjwa yanayoitwa "magonjwa ya kuambukiza".
Si lazima kila ambukizo lisababishe ugonjwa, lakini magonjwa mengi ni magonjwa ya kuambukiza.
Kuna vidubini ambavyo vinaishi ndani ya mwili wa binadamu bila kusababisha hasara; kuna hata vidubini ambavyo ni muhimu kwa maisha na afya ya binadamu, kwa mfano bakteria nyingi zinazoishi ndani ya utumbo na kusaidia Mmeng'enyo wa chakula.
Lakini vingine vinaweza kusababisha hasara ama kwa sababu vinatoa sumu fulani au kwa sababu vinasababisha upinzani mkali wa mfumo wa kinga wa mwili ambao ni hatari kama idadi ya vidubini vyenye hasara ni kubwa sana au vikiongezeka haraka mno. Vidubini hivi vyenye uwezo wa kuleta hasara huitwa "pathojeni" (kutoka Kiingereza pathogen) yaani "sababishi mateso".
Ambukizo hutokea kama vidubini hatari vinaingia mwilini, kukuta mazingira vinapoweza kustawi na kuongezeka. Uvamizi wa vidubini vya nje kwenye mwili hutokea kila siku mara nyingi maana hewa tunaopumua, vitu tunavyogusa na chakula tunachokula, vyote vimejaa uhai kwa umbo la bakteria, virusi na kadhalika.
Mara nyingi mfumo wa kinga mwilini unatambua vidubini vya kigeni na kuviharibu bila sisi wenyewe kutambua hali isiyo kawaida. Lakini hata kama kinga wa mwili ni dhaifu, kama vidonda vya ngozi au utando telezi vinaruhusu kufika kwa vidubini mahali pasipo mfumo wa kinga imara, viini hivi vinaweza kusambaa na kuongezeka.
Hapo maitikio ya mfumo wa kinga yanaongezeka mara nyingi hadi kushinda wavamizi. Lakini itikio hili linakuja mara nyingi pamoja na dalili kali tunayoona kama dalili za ugonjwa k.mf. homa, maumivu na udhaifu. Katika hali hii ya kupambana na vidubini fulani mwili wote unaweza kudhoofika zaidi na kushambuliwa tena na viini vingine.
Hapo mashambulio yanaweza kushinda kinga ya mwilini na kusababisha hasara za kudumu hadi kifo. Siku hizi kuna madawa mbalimbali yanayosaidia mapambano dhidi ya vidubini hatari na hivyo kuwezesha mfumo wa kinga mwilini kumaliza wavamizi.
Njia za maambukizo zinatofautiana. Mafua husababishwa na virusi zinazoweza kutoka mwilini mwa mgonjwa anayekohoa au virusi zinaweza kuvuka umbali mdogo kwa hiyo watu wa karibu wanaweza kupokea vidubini hivi bila kumgusa mtu.
Maambukizo yanaweza kutokea kwa njia ya bakteria fulani zinazoweza kudumu nje ya mwili kwa mudu fulani; ilhali hazionekani inatosha kama mtu anagusa mahali penye bakteria hizi na baadaye kuingiza kidole mdomoni.
Virusi za UKIMWI ni za hatari kwa sababu ya ugumu wa tiba lakini ni dhaifu; haziwezi kudumu hata kidogo nje ya mwili, kwa hiyo zinamhitaji mtu mwenye Ukimwi kuwa karibu sana na mtu mwingine ili viowevu vya mwili kama damu au shahawa viweze kupita kutoka mmoja hadi mwingine bila kupoa.
Vidubini vinavyoweza kuingia katika mwili geni, kuenea mle na kusababisha hasara ni hasa
Lugha ya maambukizo imeanza kutumiwa pia nje ya biolojia kwa ajili ya vurugu katika kompyuta inayosababishwa kwa kuingia kwa programu ya kigeni zinazoitwa "virusi ya kompyuta".