Icyerekezo 2050

Ni inzozi ariko icyo gihe u Rwanda ruzaba rwararenze 2050,
umwaka rwihaye wo kuzaba ruri mu bihugu byateye imbere, aho rwiyemeje kubakira ubukungu ku ikoranabuhanga, ubumenyi bwibanda ku guhanga udushya no kurengera ibidukikije.
Kigali nk’Umujyi uzaba warahindutse icyitegererezo cya Afurika n’Isi muri rusange, hahanzwe amaso imishinga y’udushya izatuma bigerwaho by’umwihariko iy’ikoranabuhanga.
Urabona uko abantu basigaye bahaha batavuye mu ngo, ibibereye aho ari ho hose ukabimenya utahageze kubera internet inyaruka. Waba utekereza uko byaba bisa mu gihe abagenzi bazaba bifashisha imodoka ziguruka kandi zitwara [zidakenera umushoferi]?
Benshi batunguwe na “Sofia” ikwandikira amande warenze ku mategeko y’umuhanda. Ibyo navuga ko “bitarenze” nka ya mvugo y’ababyiruka, mbigereranyije no kuba umunyabyaha yashakishwa akanafatwa na robots zikora neza nk’abapolisi cyangwa abagenzacyaha.
Ishusho y’ikoranabuhanga rihari uyu munsi ryagezweho ahanini mu myaka 20 ishize kandi abize Kaminuza bari mbarwa kuko nko mu 2000 bari bageze kuri 0,1%. Uyu munsi harabarurwa abarenga ibihumbi 10 barangiza kaminuza buri mwaka biyongera ku barangiza amashuri makuru mu masomo y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro.
Byumvikane ko abazana udushya ari ko biyongera, rya koranabuhanga hifuzwa ko Kigali iba igicumbi cyaryo muri Afurika rikaguka. Tekereza ibi byose bikozwe muri iyo myaka, wibaze ngo nyuma y’indi nk’iyo inshuro ebyiri bizaba bisa bite?
Mu nzego zose uyu munsi hageze ikoranabuhanga. Inzitizi zigihari zishingiye ku mikoro n’abaturage batariga 100%, n’ubushobozi bw’abarizana batarabasha kwihaza mu kurigeza kuri benshi ndetse n’igihugu kikarishyigikira ariko nacyo kigikeneye ubufasha.
Reka dufate umunsi umwe wumve uko uzajya ugenda hashingiwe no ku byo wamaze kwiyumvira n’amatwi yawe.
Uzabyuka iwawe ugane murandasi, utumize isukari, ikawa n’umugati unabyishyure udasohotse mu nzu. Umucuruzi azabikoherereza adatumye motari nk’uko biri ubu. Hazaba hari imodoka zitwara ushobora kohereza igatumika uko ubishaka.
Izo zatangiye kugeragezwa muri bimwe mu bihugu byateye imbere kuko Sosiyete ya Tesla y’umunyemari, Elon Musk, iherutse no gutangaza ko izo yakoze zitekanye.
Bimaze kukugeraho, birashoboka cyane ko utazabikoraho ukohereza robot kubifata ikanabitunganya, ugafata ifunguro ry’igitondo.
Robots zizaba ari nyinshi kuko abana benshi muri Kigali bari kwigishwa kuzikora nuko ari amikoro ataraboneka ngo imishinga ishorwemo imari zigaragare mu kazi.
Hari amahirwe menshi ko akazi uzaba uri kugakorera iwawe kabone nubwo nta cyorezo kizaba gihari. Impamvu ni uko guhura bizaba bitagikenewe cyane kuko ibisabwa byose ngo abantu buzuze inshingano bizaba bihari, haba ibikoresho na internet inyaruka.
Niba bikenewe ko mukora inama murebana hazifashishwa amashusho, guterura cyangwa gupanga ibintu runaka hitabazwe robots.
Hari abakora bananywa ikawa. Kwiyongera indi mu gikombe, gufunga no gufungura urugi, gukura ijambo banga muri mudasobwa na telefoni byawe utabikozeho bizaba bishoboka. Kwandika uzabasha kubikora udakanze ‘keyboard’ kandi byose byihute kurusha uko biri none.
Aho ni microchip izabigufashamo. Henshi yarageragejwe byemezwa ko ikora neza ku buryo n’uwagagaye bayimutera agakora kurusha abazima. Ushobora no kuyishyuriraho, ikagufasha kugaragaza ko utakatiwe n’inkiko kandi ikerekana indwara z’akarande urwaye.
Isuku y‘imyenda ikorwa n’imashini, gusukura inzu byo mu Rwanda urabizi birakorwa nta muntu uhinjiye iyo basukura ahakekwa Covid-19. Ni robots zibikora.
Birashoboka ko abantu bazaba bazitunze mu ngo akaba ari na zo zibatekera. Mbese umunsi wawe uzajya wira nta mvune za hato na hato no guhangayikira igihe.
Inyandiko ikubiyemo intego z’Icyerekezo 2050, iragira iti “Ibigomba kwibandwaho birimo kurushanwa n’abandi mu bukungu hashingiwe ku ikoranabuhanga, guhanga ibishya, ubushakashatsi, ibikorwaremezo byiza, korohereza ishoramari, kimwe n’ibindi bikorwa biciriritse nko kuzamura umusaruro mu rwego rw’inganda n’abakozi.”
Igihugu nikiba cyarageze kuri iyo ntego, nta gushidikanya ko mu myaka 10 izakurikiraho ibyavuzwe haruguru bizaba bihari.
Mu gihe u Rwanda rumaze gufata inzira igana mu cyerekezo 2050, abikorera bo mu Rwanda basobanura ko biteguye kugira uruhare rukomeye kurushaho kuzamura urwego rwo kwizigamira amafaranga agamije kuzunganira ayo bakura mu bigo by’imari.
Nyuma y’uko icyerekezo 2020 kigeze ku musozo kandi kikaba cyarasize igihugu hari intambwe igaragara giteye mu nzego zinyuranye z’ubuzima bwacyo harimo n’ubukungu; kuva muri uyu mwaka u Rwanda rwatangiye icyerekezo 2050.
Iki cyerekezo gikubiyemo ibice bibiri aho kugeza mu mwaka wa 2035 umunyarwanda zaba yinjiza amafranga atari munsi ya miliyoni 4 ku mwaka, mu gihe mu mwaka wa 2050 nyirizina umunyarwanda azaba abasha kubona miliyoni zitari munsi ya 12 mu mwaka.
Iki cyerekezo cy’ubukungu kizagirwamo uruhare rukomeye n’abikorera aho basobanura ko biteguye gukora byinshi mu kukigeraho, ariko cyane cyane harebwa ibijyanye no kwizigamira kugirango bunganire amafranga aturuka mu mabanki.
Usibye ibirebana no kuzigama ku banyenganda kugira ngo bashobore kubona imari ihagije yo gushora, abari mu rwego rw’inganda basobanura ko hanakenewe ubumenyi buhagije muri uru rwego kugirango ababufite cyane cyane urubyiruko bashobore gutanga umusaruro ufatika.
Mu cyerekezo 2050 kandi biteganijwe ko leta igenda iva mu ishoramari buhoro buhoro aho irya leta rizagera ku gipimo cya 8% rivuye kuri 12% ririho ubu. Abaturage basobanura ko ikibareba ari ukuvana amaboko mu mufuka bagakora kugirango bashobore kugera ku cyerekezo gifite kinini kivuze mu bukungu bw’igihugu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage muri rusange.
Bimwe mu bizafasha kugera ku cyerecyezo 2050 harimo ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga mu nzego zose, guhanga udushya kandi igihugu kikubabikira ubukungu bwacyo ku bumenyi.
Ikindi kizashyirwamo imbaraga ni gahunda yo kureshya abashoramari kugirango umusaruro w’uru rwego ukomeze kuzamuka. Mu mwaka ushize wa 2019 ishoramari ry’u Rwanda ryari kuri miliyari 2.4 z’amadolari mu gihe mu mwaka wa 2018 ryari kuri miliyari 2.1 z’amadorali.
Umushinga w’imodoka zigendera ku migozi wabaye kimomo benshi mu batuye Kigali barawiteguye. Zizaba zahageze bitarenze 2024.
Ku rundi ruhande, Minisitiri w’Ikorabuhanga na Inovasiyo, Ingabire Paula, aherutse gutangaza ko u Rwanda rwifuza gukorana na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu (UAE) mu ikoranabuhanga.
Umujyi wa Dubai ubarizwa muri icyo gihugu n’Umurwa mukuru wacyo Abu Dhabi yashyizwe muri 30 ya mbere ku Isi ku rutonde rwa “Smart City Index 2021”. Rukorwa na Kaminuza y’Abasuwisi, IMD, ifatanyije n’iya SUTD yo muri Singapore.
Rushingira ku dushya n’ikoranabuhanga birangwa muri iyo mijyi n’ibindi bifasha guteza imbere imibereho myiza, uko ibikorwa by’amajyambere bihari bingana na serivisi zihaboneka no kurushanwa hagenzurwa ko ibikenewe ubu bihari kandi ibizakenerwa mu bihe bizaza biboneka haba mu bukungu, imibereho no kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Kigali ntigaragara kuri urwo rutonde rugizwe n’imijyi 118. Kuba ibihugu byombi byakorana birumvikana ko hari intego z’imishinga y’ikoranabuhanga byazafashanyamo.
Nk’ubu i Dubai hari umushinga w’imodoka ziguruka kandi zitwara, zizatwara abagenzi batarenza urugendo rw’iminota 30. Zizaba zikoresha amashanyarazi ku buryo zitangiza ibidukikije.
Umushinga nk’uwo ntabwo Kigali izamara imyaka 40 itarawuyoboka mu gihe ubwo bufatanye bw’u Rwanda na UAE bwazaba buhamye.
Uretse ibyo kandi Dubai ifite gahunda yo kugira robots zikora nk’abapolisi zikagenza ibyaha zikora iperereza ndetse zigata muri yombi abanyabyaha.
Amahirwe yo kuba 2060 hazagera Kigali yarimakaje ikoranabuhanga nk’iryo uwavuga ko ari menshi ntiyaba agiye kure ushingiye kuri camera zifotora abarenze ku mategeko y’umuhanda zimakajwe.
Ingamba zihari uyu munsi zaguha ishusho y’uko mu myaka 40 iri imbere Kigali izaba isa ku birebana no kurengera ibidukikije.
Ni ha hantu uzaba ugenda nta ’plastique’ uca iryera, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi nta myuka ihumanya zisohora, imyanda itaba mu bimoteri ahubwo yinjiriza ba nyir’ingo, ibiti ku mihanda bizana amahumbezi ndetse hari inyubako nyinshi zikoresha ingufu z’imirasire y’izuba aho guhanga amaso amashanyarazi akomoka ahandi.
Urubuga rwa Global Vision International rugaragaza ko umujyi utonona ibidukikije ari uwaciye plastiques zipfunyikwamo rimwe ukimakaza gupfunyika mu mpapuro n’ibindi bibora.
Kuri icyo, intambwe ifatika yaratewe muri Kigali, hagezweho guhagarika n’amacupa ya plastiques apfunyikwamo amazi rimwe ndetse inkwakuzi zamaze gukora ay’ibirahuri. Uruganda rwa Inyange rukorera i Masaka ruherutse kuyamurika.
Ikindi rugaragaza ni ukuba uwo mujyi ufite aho abawubamo baruhukira kandi hahora hasukuye.
Niba warageze muri “Car free zone” cyangwa imbere y’Ibiro by’Umujyi wa Kigali wabonye aho abantu baruhukira bakoresha Wifi y’ubuntu, bugamye izuba kandi hari umwuka mwiza kubera indabo n’ibiti bihateye.
Si aho gusa kuko hari na Pariki y’Ubukerarugendo ya Nyandungu yamaze kuzura irimo aho kuruhukira ku babyifuza. Ku isuku ho si ngombwa kubigarukaho kuko n’imahanga Kigali irirahirwa.
Ibyo byamaze kugerwaho ariko hari n’indi mishinga ihari nko gukora ikiyaga ahahoze inganda i Gikondo na Masaka n’ibindi bigamije kuryoshya Kigali ariko inahinduka inshuti y’ibidukikije.
Icya gatatu kirebwaho bivugwa ko umujyi runaka utonona ibidukikije, ni ugutunganya imyanda igakorwamo ibindi bifite akamaro. Iki nacyo cyaratangiye aho abatuye Kigali bigishijwe gutandukanya imyanda ibora n’itabora.
Ibora izakorwamo ifumbire yifashishwa mu buhinzi no gufumbira ibiti bikomeje kongerwa mu mujyi birimo n’ibyera imbuto ziribwa.
Itabora hari gahunda yo kuzayisubiza mu nganda igakorwamo ibindi bikoresho. Ubushobozi bwabyo ntiburaboneka neza ubu ariko mu myaka 40 iri imbere bizaba bimenyerewe nko gukaraba intoki.
Gahunda yatangiye kugerwaho ya moto n’imodoka bikoresha amashanyarazi, ishobora gutuma umuntu yoroherwa no kwiyumvisha ko mu 2060 bizaba bigoranye kubona ikinyabiziga gisohora imyotsi muri Kigali.
Inyubako nk’iz’Ikigo Norrsken (kiri ahahoze Ecole Belge) zubatswe mu buryo butangiza ibidukikije aho ibisenge byazo bizengurukijwe imirasire y’izuba; ni ishusho nto y’izizaba ziri muri Kigali Innovation City zo zizashyirwaho ibisenge bibyaza ingufu imirasire y’izuba.
Uwo ni umushinga wamaze gukorerwa igishushanyombonera uzaba uhurije hamwe ibikorwa bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga, guhanga udushya n’ubumenyi. Uzakorerwa muri Gasabo hafi y’Icyanya cy’inganda.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryawo rihanzwe amaso nk’ikimenyetso simusiga cy’uko Kigali ari igicumbi cy’ikoranabuhanga muri Afurika.
Imashini za MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) zifite ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma indwara zo mu bwonko, umugongo, umutima, impyiko, umwijima n’izindi nyinshi zimaze kuba eshanu mu Rwanda.
Umurwayi ashobora guhabwa ubuvuzi bw’ibanze atavuye iwe ariko wibuke ko no kubaga bisigaye bishoboka umurwayi adasatuwe hanini.
Ikoranabuhanga nk’iryo n’irindi ryitezwe mu buvuzi rizatuma u Rwanda runateza imbere ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku buvuzi, aho abo mu Karere no ku Mugabane bazaba barugana.
Byumvikane ko ba barwayi bajya kwivuriza mu mahanga hakaba hari n’abapfa kubera gutinda kubona ubuvuzi babuze amatike, inkuru nk’izo zizaba ari amateka.