Phonk

Phonk (/fɒŋk/ ) is a subgenre of hip hop and trap music directly inspired by 1990s Memphis rap. The genre is characterized by its use of vintage Memphis rap vocals, chopped and screwed production techniques, and samples from early 1990s hip hop, often combined with samples from jazz and funk.
The genre emerged in the Southern United States during the 1990s, with pioneers like DJ Screw, Three 6 Mafia, and DJ Spanish Fly laying its groundwork. The term "phonk" was popularized in the early 2010s by rapper and producer SpaceGhostPurrp, who described it as a modern take on funk-inspired hip hop.
In the late 2010s, a subgenre called drift phonk emerged in Russia, distinguished by its heavy use of cowbells, aggressive basslines, and faster tempos. Gaining widespread popularity through social media platforms like TikTok, drift phonk became synonymous with the broader phonk genre, often overshadowing its original sound.
Phonk took inspiration from trap roots in the Southern United States in the mid-1990s. Artists or musical groups like DJ Screw, X-Raided, DJ Spanish Fly, DJ Squeeky, and the collective Three 6 Mafia all helped pioneer the foundations for the genre to emerge many years later, with the Houston chopped and screwed seen as the precursor to the genre. Artists such as SpaceGhostPurrp and Lil Ugly Mane revived the sound in the form of phonk in the early 2010s.
The word "phonk" was popularized by SpaceGhostPurrp, who released tracks such as "Pheel tha Phonk", "Bringin' tha Phonk", and "Keep Bringin' tha Phonk" as well his debut album in 2012 called Mysterious Phonk: Chronicles of SpaceGhostPurrp. In an interview, he explained that "phonk is slang for funk", in reference to the G-funk music genre. YouTube channels such as Ryan Celsius also helped popularize the genre. Phonk producers continued to push this sound in the underground, before the genre gained real momentum during the mid-2010s.
By the end of 2017, phonk had shifted away from the "gritty, dark, Memphis-oriented sound", incorporating more modern vocals, with elements of jazz and classic hip hop. This stream of phonk has been described as "rare phonk" by Celsius, characterized by "more of a cleaner, almost mainstream trap sound". Between 2016 and 2018, phonk was one of the most listened genres on SoundCloud, with the hashtag #phonk among the most trending each year.
Directly inspired by 1990s Memphis rap, phonk is characterized by old Memphis rap vocals and samples from early 1990s hip hop. These are often combined with jazz and funk samples. The chopped and screwed technique is mainly used, in order to create a darker sound.
A peculiarity of phonk is the fact that it is not anchored to a regional "scene": it is tied to SoundCloud itself as an online platform, which highlights subgenres derived from hip hop and experimental pop. Other notable artists associated with "new-age phonk" include DJ Smokey, DJ Yung Vamp, Soudiere, and Mythic.
Drift phonk, a subgenre of phonk, emerged in the late-2010s in Russia. It is characterized by the use of high bass, cowbells, and distorted sounds, making the lyrics of the samples often unrecognizable. Drift phonk tracks tend to have a greater tempo than normal phonk tracks. Drift phonk music is often used in videos pertaining to the topics of weight lifting, drifting, association football, anime, fighting sports, and street racing cars. The genre quickly gained traction through the app TikTok in 2020. Most of the prominent drift phonk producers come from Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and other countries in Eastern Europe.
As drift phonk became popular on TikTok, it surpassed the original genre in popularity; this, in turn, gave the word "phonk" a stronger association with the drift phonk subgenre. Following the rise in popularity of the genre in Russia, Spotify released its official curated phonk playlist in May 2021, which was almost exclusively composed of drift phonk tracks. One of the first songs in this genre is called "Scary Garry", released in 2016 by Kaito Shoma.
Phonk is often confused with funk automotivo, a subgenre of Brazilian funk, incorrectly known as "Brazilian phonk" outside of Brazil. The genre gained the nickname "Brazilian phonk" following its popularization and success on social media.