Pariki y'Akagera

Parike ya Akagera ni agace karinzwe mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda gafite kilometero 1,122 (433 sq mi) ku mupaka mpuzamahanga na Tanzaniya. Yashinzwe mu 1934 kandi irimo savannah, montane n’ibishanga. Iyi parike yitiriwe umugezi wa Kagera utemba ugana ku rubibi rw’iburasirazuba ugaburira mu kiyaga cya Ihema no mu biyaga bito. Sisitemu igoye y'ibiyaga no guhuza ibishanga bya papirus bigizwe na kimwe cya gatatu cya parike, akaba ari igishanga kinini kirinzwe muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba-Hagati.
Parike y'igihugu ya Akagera yashinzwe mu 1934 na guverinoma y'Ububiligi, icyo gihe yigarurira u Rwanda. Iyi parike yari ifite kilometero 2,500 (970 sq mi) nini kandi yari izwiho ibinyabuzima bitandukanye.
Akagera yahoze ifite abaturage benshi b'imbwa zo muri Afurika. Igihe kimwe, yari izwi ku izina rya 'Parc aux Lycaons' kandi imbwa zo mu gasozi zari nyinshi cyane, ku buryo leta y'Ububiligi yabonaga ko ari udukoko. Icyakora, icyorezo cyindwara cyagabanije abaturage kandi imbwa za nyuma zo mu gasozi zagaragaye mu 1984.
Mu 1957, inkwavu z'umukara zatangijwe muri Tanzaniya. Mu myaka ya za 70, inkwavu zirabura zirenga 50 zabaga muri savannah-ubuturo bwa parike. Kubera guhiga bukware, abaturage baragabanutse mu myaka icumi yakurikiyeho, kandi iheruka kwemezwa ni mu 2007. Mu 1986, Masai giraffes yatangijwe muri Kenya. Umubare wabo wiyongereye kugera ku bantu barenga 80 mu myaka yashize. Ahagana mu 1990, Akagera yari azwiho kuba afite intare 250 kugeza 300. Mu myaka yakurikiye intambara y'abenegihugu yo mu Rwanda, abaturage bose bishwe n'abahinzi basubiye mu Rwanda nyuma y'intambara maze batura muri parike.
Mu 2009, Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda (RDB) hamwe n’umuyoboro nyafurika wa Afurika bagiranye amasezerano y’imyaka 20 ishobora kongerwa ku buyobozi bukuru bwa Akagera. Isosiyete icunga Akagera yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2010 nk'urwego rushinzwe imiyoborere ya Parike y'igihugu ya Akagera. Mu myaka 5 yakurikiyeho miliyoni 10 z'amadolari yakoreshejwe mu gace ka parike y'igihugu, ku nkunga y'amafaranga yatanzwe na Howard Buffett Foundation. Icyari kigamijwe kwari ukongera umutekano wa parike y’igihugu no kongera kubyara amoko yazimye. Ingamba z’umutekano zafashwe zirimo: kubaka uruzitiro rw’iburengerazuba rufite uburebure bwa kilometero 120.0 (kilometero 74,6), kohereza kajugujugu yo kugenzura ikirere, amahugurwa y’itsinda ry’inzobere mu gukurikirana no kurinda inkwavu n’ishami rishinzwe kurwanya inyamanswa.
Muri Nyakanga 2015, intare ndwi zo muri Afurika y'Epfo zamenyekanye kandi zirekurwa muri parike, ziba intare ya mbere mu Rwanda mu myaka 15. AndBeyond yatanze intare eshanu zo muri Phinda Private Game Reserve na Tembe Elephant Park muri KwaZulu-Natal yatanze intare ebyiri zabagabo. Iyi mbaraga yasobanuwe na Parike nyafurika ko ari "ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije haba muri parike ndetse n’igihugu" mu rwego rw’umushinga ugamije guhindura ibinyabuzima by’ibinyabuzima muri Parike y’Ageraga. Kuva mu 2015, umubare w'intare wiyongereye kugera ku nyamaswa zigera kuri 40 kandi ukomeza gutera imbere.
Muri Gicurasi 2017, igikorwa cyahurijwe hamwe n’ikigo cy’iterambere ry’u Rwanda na Parike nyafurika cyongeye kugarurwa n’imvubu 18 z’umukara w’iburasirazuba ziva muri Afurika yepfo, zari zimaze imyaka 10 zidahari. Hamwe n’imyororokere y’intare n’intare byongeye kugarurwa, parike y’igihugu ubu ibamo "ibinini bitanu" byo muri Afurika: intare, ingwe yo muri Afurika, inzovu yo mu mashyamba yo muri Afurika, imvubu, n’inyamanswa zo muri Afurika.
Muri Kamena 2019, Akagera yakiriye izindi nkoko 5 z'umukara zo mu burasirazuba ziva muri pariki 3 zitandukanye mu bihugu 3 bitandukanye biherereye mu Burayi. Muri pariki harimo inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa Dvur Kralove zo muri Repubulika ya Tchèque, Flamingo Land yo mu Bwongereza na Ree Park Safari wo muri Danimarike. Uku kwimuka nubwa mbere mubwoko bwayo, nkikintu nkiki hagati yuburayi na Afrika kitigeze kibaho mbere. Abagabo 2 nigitsina gore 3 bagejejwe neza muri parike nyuma yurugendo rwamasaha 30. Izi nyamaswa z’inyamabere zikomoka ku nkura zakuwe muri Afurika mu gihe cyabakoloni.
Mu Gushyingo 2021, inkura 30 zera zahinduwe neza muri Akagera zivuye muri Phinda Private Game Reserve muri Afurika y'Epfo, mu nteruro nini nini yahinduwe. Ubu busobanuro bwari bugamije kwagura amoko no gushyiraho ikigo gishya cy’ubworozi mu Rwanda.
Umubare munini w’inyamabere wiyongereye kuva mu 2010, uva ku nyamaswa 4000 mu 2010 ugera ku 13.500 muri 2018.
Kuva Parike nyafurika yatangira kuyobora parike ku bufatanye n’ikigo cy’iterambere ry’u Rwanda mu 2010, ubukerarugendo bwiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara. Mu mwaka wa 2010, abantu 8000 basuye parike. Uyu mubare wazamutse ugera ku 44.000 muri 2018. Uku kwiyongera kwatumye Akagera abasha kwibeshaho 80% bityo akaba adashingira ku baterankunga.
Ubwo yari mu Murenge wa Rwimbogo, Akarere ka Gatsibo, Mbabazi Marie Louise, Ushinzwe guhuza abaturage na pariki z'igihugu muri RDB, yavuzeko amafaranga ava mu bukerarugendo agaruka mu baturiye pariki. Ati;" Aho ujishe igisabo ntuhatera ibuye kubera ko amafaranga ava ku bukerarugendo avamo ibikorwa bimwe biteza abaturage imbere, kera ntabwo bigeze bamenya akamaro ka pariki baturanye nazo ariko kubera ubuyobozi bwiza bwabatekerejeho, bakora imishinga ibateza imbere kugirango barusheho gukunda pariki n'ibiyirimo n'uko bazaba bamenye akamaro kibibamo."
Buri mwaka abaturiye Pariki y'igihugu y'Akagera basaranganywa 10% by'inyungu iba yabonetse muri Pariki binyuze mu kubakirwa ibikorwaremezo, Guteza imbere abatishoboye, Amakoperative n'ibindi bikorwa biteza imbere abaturage. Muri uyu mwaka Akarere ka Gatsibo kahawe miliyoni 98Frw, Kayonza ihabwa miliyoni 500Frw, Nyagatare ihabwa miliyoni 300Frw. Uturere dukora nk'abafatanyabikorwa bakabigira imishinga bakayishyira no mubikorwa. Asoza avugako abaturage baturiye Pariki z'igihugu bubakiwe amashuri atandukanye arimo ay'imyuga, amavuriro, ibigega byo gutuburiramo imbuto zo gutera no guhunikamo imbuto z'ibirayi, Amakusanyirizo, Amarerero, Amakoperative y'ububoshyi, Ububaji n'ubuvumvu bwa kijyambere.