davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Argentine National Gendarmerie

The Argentine National Gendarmerie (Spanish: Gendarmería Nacional Argentina, GNA) is the national gendarmerie force and corps of border guards of the Argentine Republic. As at 2011, It has a strength of 30,000
The gendarmerie is primarily a frontier guard force but also fulfils other important roles. The force functions from what are today five regional headquarters at Campo de Mayo, Córdoba, Rosario, San Miguel de Tucumán and Bahía Blanca.
Non-commissioned personnel of the gendarmerie are all volunteers and receive their training in the force's own comprehensive system of training institutions. Officers graduate after a three-year course at the National Gendarmerie Academy. Both officers and non-commissioned personnel have access to the specialist training establishments of the Army.
The gendarmerie was created in 1938 by the National Congress and replaced the regiments of the Army which previously fulfilled the gendarmerie's missions. The gendarmerie was particularly tasked with providing security in isolated and sparsely populated frontier regions which had only been settled relatively recently. In many senses the gendarmerie may still be considered an adjunct of the Argentine Army.
The gendarmerie's mission and functions are concerned with both domestic security and national defense. According to Laws No. 23.554 and 24.059, the armed forces cannot intervene in internal civil conflicts, except in logistics’ and support roles, so the gendarmerie is subordinate to the Ministry of Security. It is defined as a civilian "security force of a military nature". It maintains a functional relationship with the minister of defense, as part of both the National Defense System and the Interior Security System. It therefore maintains capabilities arising from the demands required by joint military planning with the armed forces.
The gendarmerie's main missions are:
The gendarmerie is also used for other security missions, which include:
Under the United Nations, the Gendarmerie has served in Guatemala, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Angola, Lebanon, Rwanda, Liberia, Cyprus, South Sudan, Haiti and Colombia.
The high command includes:
The ranks of the Argentine Gendarmerie, in ascending order, are: Sub-Officer Ranks
The ranks up to and including sergeant are classified as Subaltern Sub-Officers (Suboficiales Subalternos), and the remainder are classified as Superior Sub-Officers (Suboficiales Superiores). The sub-officer ranks are the same as Argentine army ranks, and wear the same insignia, but with a much thicker gold band for a Gendarmerie Principal Sub-Officer than is used in the Army.
Officer Ranks
The ranks up to and including Segundo Comandante are classified as Subaltern Officers (Oficiales Subalternos). Gendarmerie officers wear the same insignia as the equivalent Argentine Army rank. The National Director and his Deputy wear the insignia of an Argentine Lieutenant-General and Divisional General respectively, although they still have the rank of Commandant-General. (NB: Lieutenant-General is the highest Argentine Army rank.)
The service has a small inventory of aircraft, based at Campo de Mayo.
Plaza Francia, Buenos Aires

34°35′06″S 58°23′36″W﻿ / ﻿34.5849426°S 58.3934543°W﻿ / -34.5849426; -58.3934543
Plaza Francia (Spanish: "France Square") is a public square in the barrio of Recoleta in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The nearby Plaza Intendente Alvear is commonly but mistakenly known by the same name. It was created by a Municipal Ordinance on October 19, 1909, as part of the changes introduced in the urban landscape on the occasion of the Argentina Centennial. Designed by French landscape architect Carlos Thays, it is part of a broad set of squares including Plaza Intendente Alvear, Plaza San Martín de Tours, Plaza Juan XXIII, Plaza Ramón J. Cárcano, Plaza Dante and Plaza Rubén Darío, among others.
The square is dominated by Émile Peynot's Monument of France to Argentina, inaugurated in 1910 and gifted by the French community on the occasion of the Centennial.
The monument represents the ties between the two countries, including the republicanism and the similarities in their histories around 1800. Its four bas-reliefs in bronze evoke central facts of the history of both countries: the Primera Junta and the Crossing of the Andes for Argentina, and the Storming of the Bastille and Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen for France. The two female figures that crown the monument symbolize Argentina and France, guided by an angel that personifies Glory. The monument also features plaques that commemorate personalities of French origin: grenadier Domingo Porteau, who died during the Battle of San Lorenzo in the Argentine War of Independence, and writer Émile Zola. A monument to Louis Braille within Plaza Francia was inaugurated in 1977.
Media related to Plaza Francia, Buenos Aires at Wikimedia Commons
Fanfare trumpet

A fanfare trumpet, also called a herald trumpet, is a brass instrument similar to but longer than a regular trumpet (tubing is the same length as a regular Bb trumpet but not wrapped), capable of playing specially composed fanfares. Its extra length can also accommodate a small ceremonial banner that can be mounted on it.
It differs from its precursor, the medieval buisine, by being coiled rather than straight, and from the clarion trumpet and natural trumpet by possibly having valves.
Fanfare trumpet-like instruments existed in ancient Rome (like the Roman tuba), while Iran, Korea and China sport similar traditional instruments (karnay, nafir, nabal and laba in the latter three).
Beginning in the late Middle Ages, straight herald trumpets (known as the buisine) and later coiled valve-less natural trumpets, clarions and drums (usually snares and tenors) would sound fanfares to mark important holidays or ceremonial events. These instruments would also serve as timekeepers in various towns and cities and announce various special events. Incorporated into mounted bands since the 12th century, timpani and trumpets or bugles were, from the middle of the 15th century, employed to motivate mounted troops in battle as well as on parades. Many of these early trumpets are direct ancestors to the present day fanfare instruments. The chromatic natural trumpet, used since the 17th century, is the oldest variant type of fanfare trumpet still used today, which was first used in the cavalry branches of European armies and later on as part of the field and horse artillery.
Valved chromatic trumpets, originally developed in the 1930s, are the ones used today by most armed forces and a few police departments worldwide. The instruments used today by most military bands are made since 2000 by British musical instrument maker Smith–Watkins, while a special set has been commissioned in the US for the United States Army Band.
The prakhom band of the Bureau of the Royal Household of Thailand sports such old style trumpets, introduced into the country in the early years of the Bangkok (Rattanakosin) period replacing lost originals. These trumpets are part of the state royal regalia, and are played during important royal events. A similar but plain instrument, the nafiri, is used as part of the regalia of Malaysia because it is an integral part of the nobat or royal orchestra which performs in important royal events in the states of Kedah, Perak, Terrenganu and Selangor and when the Yang di-Pertuan Agong from those states is ceremonially installed.
Modern fanfare trumpets have an elongated bell extending far in front of the player, allowing a standard length of tubing from which a flag or banner may be hung; the instrument is mostly used for ceremonial events such as parades.
Fanfare trumpets today are divided into:
While the valved herald fanfare trumpets are used in most countries the natural chromatic is standard use in the following military forces:
The natural chromatic fanfare trumpet is also used by military styled marching bands in France, Germany and the Netherlands.
Website of the Smith Wakins fanfare trumpet line
A10 road (Kenya)

The A10 road is a road in Kenya stretching a diagonal trajectory from Lokichar in the northwest to the port city of Lamu in the southeast, covering a planned distance of 970 kilometers. Currently, the route is in various stages of development, with certain sections yet to be constructed. As a key development axis, the A10 has the potential to play a role in connecting disparate regions and fostering economic growth. However, its full realization requires further infrastructure development to complete the envisioned route.
The A10 is a proposed upgrade to a network of road connections, which, as of 2020, consisted largely of underdeveloped dirt roads, with several sections missing and others merely consisting of desert tracks. Only limited portions had been paved, including a short stretch from Isiolo and a section between Kinyang and Loruk. The envisioned route will span from the A1 near Lokichar, traversing the Rift Valley and northern Kenya's deserts, to the coastal town of Lamu on the Indian Ocean. Notably, the route intersects with the A2 at Isiolo, a critical juncture, and crosses the A3 at Garissa. The terminus in Lamu also marks the endpoint of the A7 coastal road, highlighting the A10's potential as a vital link in Kenya's transportation infrastructure.
The A10 road is being developed as part of the Lamu Port and Lamu-Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor (LAPSSET) project, a comprehensive initiative aimed at enhancing regional connectivity. Although initial feasibility studies date back to 1975, it wasn't until 2008 that a detailed study was undertaken to develop a new deep-sea port in Lamu and establish a transport corridor linking Kenya to Sudan, with the scope later expanded to include the newly independent nation of South Sudan. The project seeks to foster economic growth and facilitate trade across the region.
The project includes several elements:
The majority of the A10 route currently consists of unpaved dirt roads, dirt paths, and sandy tracks. However, some limited progress has been made in upgrading the road. Around 2012, a brief 4-kilometer stretch was paved, connecting the A2 highway in Isiolo to the east. Nevertheless, as of 2021, further development of this project had not commenced. Additionally, a 30-kilometer section between Nginyang and Loruk, formerly designated as the B4, was asphalted around 2017, marking a minor improvement in the road's overall condition. Despite these incremental upgrades, the route remains largely underdeveloped.
In 2016, the A10 designation was introduced as part of a comprehensive renumbering effort. This new classification encompassed a combination of existing roads and proposed connections, some of which were still in the planning stages or under construction at the time. The A10 route was thereby established, incorporating a mix of already-built infrastructure and envisioned links, with the aim of creating a cohesive and interconnected transportation network.
The A10 was routed over the following roads:
National Highway 11 (Djibouti)

The RN-11 National Highway is a national highway in Djibouti. It has a length of 120 kilometres (75 mi) across the region of Tadjourah and is the most important road link in the country. It runs from Tadjoura on the Gulf of Tadjoura through the mountains to the Ethiopian border on the west.
The road is mentioned in the 2009 IMF report where restoring the road was one of priorities. According to the document, the action was about'upgrading to modern dirt road standard of the Randa - Dorra segment of National Highway 11, linking the Route de l’Unité to Ethiopia through the north-eastern zones of the country, and the Randa-Day segments serving one of the country's key tourist areas. The sections in question are 51 km and 15 km long, respectively. The components of the project are as follows: technical, economic and environmental studies, earthworks surveillance and oversight of works execution'.[1]
Ethiopian Renaissance

The Ethiopian Renaissance (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ህዳሴ) is a term similar to the African Renaissance, but more focusing on positive image of traditions and history of Ethiopia. The term also implied by the government for propaganda and political purpose such as in the controversial Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam project.
The Ethiopian Renaissance is analogous to the African term of "Renaissance", which strongly served as propaganda reasons. The term is a new introduction, the idea of building strong state on the grounds of traditions and history of Ethiopia. Nowadays, the term also implied to symbolical meaning of the controversial Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Blue Nile while other also seen at 2015 propaganda film material produced by the Foreign Ministry with hyping the achievements of the government.
"Princes shall come forth out of Egypt; Ethiopia shall soon stretch forth her hands unto God" is a noteworthy phrase in Psalms 68:31, also known as the Ethiopian prophecy. It influenced the African American community that originally meant they are slavery of Hebrews in Egypt, and thus become emancipated due to struggle.
Bonn Challenge

The Bonn Challenge is a global effort to restore 150 million hectares of the world's degraded and deforested lands by 2020 and 350 million hectares by 2030. It was hosted and launched by Germany and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in Bonn on 2 September 2011, in collaboration with the Global Partnership on Forest/Landscape Restoration and targets delivery on the Rio Conventions and other outcomes of the 1992 Earth Summit. As at 2013 over 20 million hectares of land had been pledged for restoration from countries including Brazil, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Rwanda, and the United States. South Korea, Costa Rica, Pakistan, China, Rwanda and Brazil have embarked on successful landscape restoration programmes.
The IUCN estimates that fulfilling the goals of the Bonn challenge would create approximately $84 billion per year in net benefits that could positively affect income opportunities for rural communities. It is also estimated that a reduction of the current carbon dioxide emissions gap by 11-17% will be achieved by meeting the challenge. Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa pledge has the distinction of being the first sub-national pledge, the first pledge to be fully implemented, and the first pledge to be increased. 'Billion Tree Tsunami' is an initiative in that direction.|
The Bonn challenge will address the issue of economic security, water security, food security and climate change. Landscape restoration through the Bonn Challenge augments international commitments to climate change. The restoration of 150 million hectares of the world's degraded and deforested lands by 2020 will help in sequestration of 1 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide which will reduce the current emission gap by 20%.
The African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative fits within the Bonn Challenge and has a goal of having 100 million hectares in the process of restoring by 2030. 28 African countries have made a total commitment of 113 million hectares to the initiative. Ethiopia has made the largest single commitment with 1 million hectares. Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed announced in May 2019 that the country had set a goal of planting 4 billion trees in 2019 alone.
Environmental issues in Ethiopia

As in many neighboring countries, most environmental issues in Ethiopia relate to deforestation and endangered species.
The Main Ethiopian Rift is geologically active and susceptible to earthquakes. Hot springs and active volcanoes are found in its extreme east close to the Red Sea. Elsewhere, the land is subject to erosion, overgrazing, deforestation, and frequent droughts. Water shortages are common in some areas during the dry season. The causes of degradation are primarily the demand for more land for agriculture, fuel and construction as well as for grazing grounds.
The Ethiopian wolf is one of the rarest and most endangered of all canid species. The numerous names given to this species reflect previous uncertainties about its taxonomic position. However, the Ethiopian wolf is now thought to be related to the wolves of the genus Canis, rather that sold for about US$175 each to taxidermists who then retail the stuffed lions for US$400. "For the time being our immediate solution is to send them to the taxidermists, but the final and best solution is to extend the zoo into a wider area," Muhedin said.
The director of the wildlife division of Ethiopia's Ministry of Agriculture said he had no idea the lions were being culled.
Ethiopia had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 7.16/10, ranking it 50th globally out of 172 countries.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Country Studies. Federal Research Division.
Washing

Washing is a method of cleaning, usually with water and soap or detergent. Regularly washing and then rinsing both body and clothing is an essential part of good hygiene and health.
Often people use soaps and detergents to assist in the emulsification of oils and dirt particles so they can be washed away. The soap can be applied directly, or with the aid of a washcloth or assisted with sponges or similar cleaning tools.
In social contexts, washing refers to the act of bathing, or washing different parts of the body, such as hands, hair, or faces. Excessive washing may damage the hair, causing dandruff, or cause rough skin/skin lesions. Some washing of the body is done ritually in religions like Christianity and Judaism, as an act of purification.
Washing can also refer to washing objects. For example, washing of clothing or other cloth items, like bedsheets, or washing dishes or cookwear. Keeping objects clean, especially if they interact with food or the skin, can help with sanitation. Other kinds of washing focus on maintaining cleanliness and durability of objects that get dirty, such washing one's car, by lathering the exterior with car soap, or washing tools used in a dirty process.
People wash themselves, or bathe periodically for religious ritual or therapeutic purposes or as a recreational activity.
In Europe, some people use a bidet to wash their external genitalia and the anal region after using the toilet, instead of using toilet paper. The bidet is common in predominantly Catholic countries where water is considered essential for anal cleansing.
More frequent is washing of just the hands, e.g. before and after preparing food and eating, after using the toilet, after handling something dirty, etc. Hand washing is important in reducing the spread of germs. Also common is washing the face, which is done after waking up, or to keep oneself cool during the day. Brushing one's teeth is also essential for hygiene and is a part of washing.
Ritual purification through washing includes acts like Maundy, a Christian ritual involving washing of the feet, or ceremonial washing in Judaism.
三清茶

三清茶是清乾隆帝最为喜爱的的饮品，是以梅花、松实、佛手为料，用雪水泡制成的。“三清”是指三种泡茶的药材，乾隆在其诗《三清茶》后注曰：“以雪水沃梅花、松实、佛手啜之，名曰三清”。乾隆爱此茶，不仅因为三清茶色、香、味清绝宜人，还可能是因乾隆认为三清各为清高节操之象征。
乾隆帝还数次举办“三清茶宴”，目的在于“示惠联情”，自乾隆八年起固定在重华宫，因此也称重华宫茶宴。“三清茶宴”于每年正月初二至初十间择日举行，参加者多为词臣，大学士、九卿及内廷翰林。每次举行时，须择一宫廷时事为主题，群臣联句吟咏。
另有专为品饮此茗而御制的三清茶碗，样式是乾隆亲自制定。
4.三清茶官網 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
蔡李佛拳

蔡李佛拳是中國武術的一個南拳門派，是融合了蔡家拳、李家拳、佛家拳的一種拳術。1830年代，由廣東新會人陳享創立。經過一百多年的發展，不僅风行岭南，還遍及亚、欧、美、非、澳五大洲许多国家和地区。据统计，超过35个国家和地区设有蔡李佛武馆学院与联会。
陈享（1806－1875）是廣東新会崖门镇京梅村拱北里人。7岁隨族叔陳遠護街頭賣技。陳遠護年老退休後，時年15岁的陳享便開始在崖西坑头村及新会各等馆处任教拳。1827年，陳享去羅浮山白鶴觀拜蔡福禪師為師，學習「蔡家拳」；其後陈享拜新會七堡人李友山學習李家腳與棍法。此後數年，又到廣西八排山闸建寺拜佛家的青草禪師為師，學習佛家掌掌法。融會貫通蔡、李、佛3家拳法，创编的拳派以3位师傅姓氏为名，而稱之為「蔡李佛拳」。故有「蔡家拳」、「李家腳」、「佛家掌」之稱。
1836年，在家乡新會崖西京梅鄉“缘福陈公祠”设立“洪圣”馆。依據《蔡李佛纪事年历记载》，1845年（清朝道光二十五年），陈享指派众多高徒到广东乃至广西等地设置“洪圣武馆”达44间，后改雄胜馆（“雄”用广东话也是念“洪”音）。
1856年，陳享因被懷疑秘密協助師兄陳松年領導三合會於新會江門率紅巾軍起義，而被清廷追捕，被逼逃出國門，前往香港和南洋等处。
鸦片战争之后，广东沿海成千上万人远走南洋和海外各地。陈享被迫远走南洋时，任教于南洋广东会馆和南洋福建会馆，后来也赴南洋的一个金山埠任教于中国会馆3年。
陈享晚年返回家乡，编成《蔡李佛技击学》、《蔡李佛派练拳行功秘要》等多本武术专著（近年後人傳出，未能考證是否陈享本人編著），形成了系统而完善的武术体系。
陈享传下陈安伯、陈官伯、龙子才、张炎等第2代「蔡李佛大师」，第3代弟子主要有陈文彬、陈耀墀、陈兆雄、梁贵、蔡伯达、蔡伯雄、颜耀庭、黄福荣、雷灿、阮系、李恩、陈盛、陈长毛、方玉书 等。
蔡李佛拳基本上是以掛、哨（掃）、插為主，融合了佛家掌法、蔡家拳短手與腿技，再加上李家的長手打法，偏身偏馬，步稳架大。出名招式有連環插捶、扭馬掛捶、姜子锤等。吸气蓄劲，吐气发声。动作舒展，肩松腰活。套路和各种练习方法均具有科学性和合理性。初学者容易入门。
拳術以「穿、撈、掛、捎、插；擒、拿、鏢、頂、撞」十口訣為主，另有「陰、陽、剛、柔、虛、實、偷、溜」八心訣，被稱「南拳北腿佛家掌」，有「北拳南方化」的特點。
陈享遗著《蔡李佛派练拳行功秘要》对练习方法如此论述：“本门练习程序分为两个阶段，每阶段分为甲、乙、丙三级。第一阶段分为：初基先导、二合刚柔、三动静虚实。第二阶段分为：一练内功、二器械及串 子、三沙包及各种椿法。使学者循序渐进，于底而成。”其套路散手，多以模拟实战来设计，能有效地制敌，在生死搏斗中战胜敌人。而一般练武者，只要坚持锻 练。对身体和关节各部都有很好的医疗保健作用，促进新陈代谢，延年益寿。
主要拳術內容有五輪馬（马步套路）、五輪搥（扯拳）、铁箭长拳、十字扣打拳、平拳、白毛拳、八卦心拳、花拳（小梅花拳（小青）、大梅花八卦拳）、大十字拳、小十字拳。主要器械為双夹单棍（又名双包单棍）、行者棒、虎尾棍、扁拐双头棍、長棍、五郎八卦棍、櫻鎗、梅花双（單）刀、柳月刀、關刀、鋤頭、大耙、双插。 、 今日在江门市新会区崖西京梅鄉陈家保留下来的拳谱有39本（分为初级拳、中级拳、高级拳），对折类54本，器械类64本，桩类练习法18本（俗称18木人桩），狮艺套路9套在一本笈内，从始祖流传下来蔡李佛的套路大概有150多套。套路谱笈合共193本，因为两人对拆分为两本，三人对拆分为三本，四人对拆分为四本等。并非有193套武术套路。
技击手法有30 种，掌法有28种，桥法有29种，槌（拳）法有35种，身法有14种，脚法有16种，步法有18种。为免同门相残，订下“嗌、嘀、嘩、吓、鹤”五音为标志 以识别蔡李佛同门。
套路有49套，分初(10套)、中(10套)、高级(29套)：初级拳有：五轮马、五轮搥、四门桥走生马、小梅花拳、小十字拳、十字截虎拳、平拳、平争拳、十字扣打拳、工字拳（又名伏虎拳）。中级拳有：小八卦拳、八卦心拳、大八卦拳、义壮八卦拳、梅花八卦拳、洪人八卦拳、鬥虎八卦拳、达庭八卦拳、铁箭长拳、白毛拳。高级拳有：佛掌拳、龙虎拳、小五形拳、五形八卦拳、大五形拳、小十形拳、大十形拳、左右单脚拳、醉八仙拳、蛇鹤拳，虎形拳、龙形拳、豹形拳、鹤形拳、狮形拳、象形拳、马形拳、猴形拳、彪形拳、虎鶴双形、龙形八卦掌、十八罗汉易筋拳、罗汉伏虎拳、太极拳、无极拳等。
器械套路60多套有双夹单棍、扁拐双头棍、梅花枪棍、抽杀八卦棍、大雄旗棍、潜龙单头棍、蟠龙单头棍、五点梅花单头棍、蟠龙双头棍、行者双头棍 （行者棒）、双龙夹气棍、左右八卦单刀、小梅花双刀、七星梅花双刀、碎手扇、飞龙扇、金龙扇、青龙梅花剑、达摩剑、雌雄双剑、左右十三枪、扣刹八卦槍、两头枪、钩镰枪、蛇茅枪、铁锄、小金刚耙、金刚大耙、金钱戟、方天戟、单板斧、九齿耙、长桥凳、春秋大刀、蔡阳刀、关刀、七星铫、铲马刀、拦门寨刀、鬼头刀、单指挥刀、双指挥刀、三节棍、双匕首、双铜锏、双铜锤、护手双钩、双斧头、梅花双鞭、九节鞭、飞铊、单刀鞭、单刀藤牌碟、双藤牌碟、双虎头牌、九龙叉等。
对拆拳套路有虎豹拳对拆、蛇鹤拳对拆、龙虎拳对拆、马象拳对拆、猴彪拳对拆、五形拳對拆、白毛拳對拆蛇鹤拳。还有两人兵器对拆、三人兵器对拆和四人兵器对拆等几十套。此外练功桩法有：秤桩、沙包桩、马桩、碎手桩、穿龙桩、三星拳桩、三星刀桩、小八卦拳桩、大八卦拳桩、梅花棍桩、小竹林拳桩、大竹林拳桩、小梅花拳桩、大梅花拳桩、小梅花扇桩、大梅花扇桩、小开门桩、大开门桩共十八种。
張炎(1824年－1893年)，(1856年左右在香港)隨陳享學習拳術八年。 张炎所學的蔡李佛拳包括有：马步套路，扯拳，平拳，十字扣打拳（又名大十字拳），长拳 （又名铁箭长拳），花拳 （又名梅花拳）等。
1867年陳享再派张炎去佛山接任陳典桓在1848年開辦的鴻勝館。因为他把鴻勝館弄得有声有色，后人誤會以为他的名字是張鴻勝。杰出门徒有陈盛，雷灿、阮系、李恩、黄宽、黄四、张三炳、陈棉、李苏等。
陈盛(1864年-1926年)，生于佛山衙旁街一户貧窮人家。人称吽盛，祖籍三水，少年时曾拜周金彪习拳，后拜张炎为师。
光绪年间，陈盛继任佛山鸿胜馆，迁到衙旁街。后有館人違反大清律例，清朝派官員围捕：陈盛避走香港。而香港鸿勝館亦涉及三合會，受到香港政府当局排斥，借故陈盛“犯事”為理由，查封了香港“洪圣馆”，而陈盛被香港当局递解出境。
清末，陈盛重返佛山重開衙旁街鸿胜馆。陈盛掌教30余年，设有太上庙、黄巷、莺岗、山紫、莲华、大桥头等分馆约20家，连同螺涌社、协联社、远联社等外围狮会。门徒有钱维方、胡云綽、李旺、汤锡、陈雄志、黄乐、余告、黄昌、谢宽、崔章、李昌、许钊、张活、肖二、肖礼、陈艺林等
可惜1926年，陈盛在贫病中去世。
張炎傳人雷燦在廣州市惠愛西路設鴻勝支館（1900年代），傳徒譚三。
譚三，廣東開平縣人，幼時在江門隨阮泰學洪拳，擅使雙掛搥，隨後再投鴻勝蔡李佛雷燦學習(一說是李恩、張炎徒)。創立了不少手法。譚三其後設館於廣州市小北譚家祠(1920年代)，及後，眾門徒相議後，因其根據地為小北，所以改稱北勝。
橫斑梅花雀

橫斑梅花雀（学名：Estrilda astrild）为梅花雀科梅花雀屬下的一个种。原生於 撒哈拉以南非洲，但已被引入至世界許多地區，現估計其全球分布範圍達10,000,000 平方公里。由於其容易飼養且雄鳥在繁殖季節羽色艷麗，因此在圈養環境中非常受歡迎。
橫斑梅花雀的平均体重约为7.1克。栖息地包括乡村花园、耕地、湿地、种植园、亚热带或热带的（低地）干草原和干燥的稀树草原。
橫斑梅花雀首次由瑞典博物學家 卡爾·林奈 在1758年的《自然系統自然系統》第十版 中根據 二名法 正式描述，命名為 Loxia astrild。 astrild 的詞源不確定，可能源自德語或荷蘭語中用來指代蠟嘴雀的詞彙，或者它可能是 Estrilda 的印刷錯誤。 林奈的描述基於英國博物學家 喬治·愛德華茲 於1751年在其著作《不尋常鳥類的自然史》（A Natural History of Uncommon Birds） 中描述和繪製的「蠟嘴雀」。 林奈將 模式產地 指定為「加那利群島、美洲、非洲」，但此範圍在1918年由 威廉·拉特利·斯克萊特 和 西里爾·麥克沃思-普雷德 將其限制在南非的 開普敦。 該物種現今被歸類於由英國博物學家 威廉·約翰·斯溫森 於1827年引入的 梅花雀屬（Estrilda）。
已確認有15個 亞種：
橫斑梅花雀是一種小型鳥類，體長約4到5英吋，翼展 4+1⁄2 英吋，體重約3/5到3/4盎司。牠的身體纖細，擁有短圓的翅膀和長漸成的尾羽。成鳥的紅色喙如同封蠟，這也是牠名稱的由來。 其羽毛大多為灰棕色，帶有深棕色的細條紋。眼睛有一條紅色的條紋，臉頰和喉嚨為白色。根據亞種不同，腹部有時帶有粉紅色的光澤，腹部中央有一道紅色條紋。臀部為棕色，尾羽和腹部為深色。雌鳥與雄鳥相似，但顏色較淡，腹部的紅色較少。幼鳥顏色更暗淡，腹部幾乎沒有紅色，深色條紋也較淡，喙為黑色。
相似物種包括黑腰梅花雀、赤腰梅花雀和黑臉梅花雀。黑腰梅花雀的臀部為黑色而非棕色，腹部較淺。赤腰梅花雀的喙為深色，臀部為紅色，且翅膀和尾巴上有一些紅色。黑臉梅花雀（僅見於剛果民主共和國）的眼睛條紋為黑色而非紅色。
橫斑梅花雀有多種顫音和嗡嗡的叫聲，飛行時會發出獨特的高音調叫聲。其簡單的鳥鳴聲音粗糙且鼻音重，最後一個音符下降。
大約有17個亞種廣泛分布於撒哈拉以南的非洲地區。牠們出現在大部分的東非、中非和南非地區，唯獨在沙漠或茂密的森林區域缺乏分布。在西非，牠們分布較為局部，主要集中在獅子山、賴比瑞亞和象牙海岸。橫斑梅花雀棲息於開闊的地區，該區域通常有長草和濃密的植被。牠們經常出現在水邊的沼澤地及蘆葦叢中。這種鳥類性情溫順，會進入花園、公園和農田。
這些鳥類經常從圈養中逃脫或被故意釋放。在許多氣候溫暖且有足夠草籽供應的地區，牠們已建立起繁殖族群。現在牠們分布於非洲周圍的許多島嶼，如聖赫勒拿島、阿森松島、佛得角群島、聖多美與普林西比、模里西斯、留尼旺、羅德里格斯島、塞席爾群島和阿姆斯特丹島。牠們可能在其中一些島嶼上是原生種。在歐洲，橫斑梅花雀已在葡萄牙廣泛分布，並正向西班牙擴展。牠們在馬德拉島和大加那利島有小型族群，最近也出現在特內里費島和亞速群島。在美洲，蠟嘴雀分布於千里達和巴西的多個地區，並且在百慕達也有少量個體。在太平洋地區，牠們分布於新喀里多尼亞、瓦努阿圖的埃法特島、大溪地和夏威夷群島。在西班牙，牠們在過去十年內被引入到最大城市，現在已經能在馬德里、巴塞隆納和瓦倫西亞以及西葡邊境地區常見到牠們。
鳥巢是由交錯的草莖構成的大球狀巢穴，一側有一個朝下的長管狀入口。巢築於洞穴中，通常位於密集植被中的低處。雄鳥有時會在巢頂建造一個簡陋的第二巢（「公鳥巢」），供牠睡覺用。每窩產下四到七枚白色的卵。卵的孵化期為11到13天，幼鳥在孵化後17到21天羽化。雙親共同負責孵蛋和餵養幼鳥。繁殖季的時間因地區而異。牠們的巢可能會被針尾維達雀寄生，後者會將卵產在梅花雀科鳥類的巢中。在圈養環境下，牠們會在鳥舍中繁殖，一年最多能育出四窩幼鳥。
牠們的飲食主要由草籽和小米組成， 但在繁殖季節，由於需要更多蛋白質，牠們也會捕食昆蟲，尤其是白蟻。這些草籽中，大黍（Panicum maximum） 可能是蠟嘴雀最重要的食物來源，因為其種子全年可得。 其他重要的食物來源包括馬唐草（Digitaria horizontalis） 和 稗 （Echinochloa）。 蠟嘴雀通常成群覓食，這些鳥群可能包含數百甚至上千隻鳥。牠們通常會抓住草莖，以細長的爪子緊握住，並從花穗中採食，但也會在地上搜尋掉落的種子。由於種子含水量較少，牠們需要定期飲水。
始信峰

始信峰：是安徽境內的一個山峰，海拔1683米，为黄山36小峰之一。相传古人游山，至此，“始信黄山天下奇”，由此得名。始信峰上有接引松、黑虎松、连理松、龙爪松、卧龙松、探海松等。有“不到始信峰，不见黄山松”之誉。
赵宗藻

赵宗藻（1931年—2024年12月27日），江苏江阴人，中國版画家。
先后就读于苏州美术专科学校、南京大学美术系。曾任中国美术学院版画系主任、副院长，现为中国版画协会副主席。
代表作有《四季春》、《乡干集会》、《黄山松》、水印木刻《黄山》组画等。其中《黄山松》获第七届挪威国际版画双年展银奖。作品为中国美术馆、大英博物馆、巴黎图书馆、莫斯科东方文化博物馆、悉尼美术馆等收藏。出版有《赵宗藻作品选集》。江阴市内有赵宗藻艺术馆。
雲海

雲海是指在雲霧大片聚集的情況下，由上而下俯視，此時雲霧頂部起伏流動的樣子宛如大海一般，因而稱為「雲海」。
最容易觀看到雲海的地方是飛機等航空器，其次為高山，再其次為摩天大樓。其中以高山的雲海最為可觀，因為此時雲海盤踞山間，峰巒或沒或出，猶如海上小島，這種情景最切合雲海之名。
飛機等航空器由於飛行高度高，國際線的航班更是在對流層頂部飛行，所以幾乎都能見到一望無際的雲海。摩天大樓則因為高度不及高山，能觀看到雲海的機會更為有限，而由摩天大樓觀看到的雲海大多是由霧氣所形成的「霧海」，較雲海稀薄，常發於氣溫較低的清晨，此時高樓間或出頭，亦別有一番風味。
新安画派

新安画派是明末清初一群活跃于徽州（旧称新安）的画家所形成的绘画流派。画派成员多宗法元代倪瓒、黄公望，擅长描绘黄山奇峰峻岭与松石云海。
明末清初之际，徽州地区出现了以程嘉燧、李永昌为首的一群画家，同时代南京画家龚贤称之为“天都派”。他们俩人也是新安画派的先驱。清康熙年间，张庚在其《浦山论画》中写道“新安自渐师以云林法见长，人多趋之，不失之结，即失之疏，是亦一派也”，由此正式提出了“新安画派”的概念。弘仁（渐江）、查士标、孙逸、汪之瑞合称为“海阳四家”，后来黄宾虹称四人为“新安四大家”，他们也是新安画派的主要成员。此外，当时新安画派的画家还包括程邃、吴岱观、王玄度、郑旼、戴本孝、汪家珍、汪洪度、谢绍烈，以及师从弘仁的姚宋、江注、祝昌、吴定等人。
近现代诸多徽州画家都受到新安画派的影响，其中包括黄宾虹，程瑶笙，鲍锡麟，江兆申，汪采白、汪克邵父子，张翰飞、张君逸、张仲平祖孙三代等。
龙潭区 (吉林市)

龙潭区是吉林省吉林市下辖区。地名来源自南郊的龙潭山。是中国石化吉林省的原油加工基地。吉林市主要的重工业设施都在此区。龙潭區人民政府办公机构駐遵義東路。
龙潭区位于吉林市区东北部，松花江北岸，因龙潭山而得名。龙潭区东部与蛟河市接壤，东南与丰满区相连，南部和西部与昌邑区隔江相望，北部与舒兰市毗邻，位于长吉图开发开放先导区的中间位置，处在环渤海经济圈辐射范围内，距离长春经济圈和城市圈100公里，幅员面积1208.9平方公里。
龙潭区新石器时代境内有人类栖息，虞至周秦时期均属肃慎族活动地区。东汉末期，龙潭地域属东扶余国管辖。公元410年，高句丽灭东扶余国，建置龙潭山城。宋、辽、金政权并立时期，龙潭地域为辽东京道涑州境。公元1115年，女真族灭辽朝建立金朝，龙潭地域为金朝上京路会宁府辖地。公元1271年，元朝取代南宋统治中原，龙潭地域为辽阳行省开元路平府境地。清朝雍正四年十二月二十一日（1727年1月12日）吉林乌拉设永吉州，龙潭地域属永吉州管辖。1929年龙潭地域属永吉县第十区大屯村。1942年，吉林增设白山、江南、江北、龙潭、兴隆5个区，龙潭区公所辖龙潭村、龙瑞村、龙云村、北甸子村、大砬子村、天太村、裕民村、裕丰村、永安村；江北区公所辖山前村、建设村、孤家子村、泡子沿村、棋盘村、民主村、四间房村、哈达村、大屯村。1946年2月，民主联军进驻吉林市，建立龙潭区公所；1946年5月，国民党占据吉林市，成立龙潭区公所；1948年3月，吉林市解放成立龙潭区公所，隶属吉林市人民政府领导；1956年改称龙潭区人民委员会；1960年，成立龙潭区人民公社；1962年恢复龙潭区人民委员会；1968年撤销龙潭区人民委员会，成立龙潭区革命委员会；1980年改称[龙潭区人民政府]]；1992年，吉林市政府将原郊区的金珠乡、江北乡及龙潭乡的大砬子村、北甸子村、龙城村、土城子村、铁东村、东升村、天太村划归龙潭区管辖；1998年12月，经吉林省政府批准成立吉林龙潭经济开发区；2000年，吉林市政府将原永吉县缸窑镇、乌拉街满族镇、大口钦满族镇、杨木乡、江密峰镇、阿拉底管理区划归龙潭区管辖；2005年，龙潭区撤销龙潭乡设立承德街道；2005年10月，杨木乡并入缸窑镇。2008年10月，省政府批准成立吉林化学工业循环经济示范园区，设在龙潭区，与龙潭区人民政府合署办公。2016年8月9日，龙潭经济开发区（原吉林金珠工业区）搬出金珠镇，独立运行。
龙潭区非金属矿物储量富足。根据吉林省地质调查二所提供的矿产资源分布区域预测，龙潭区有花岗岩、白粘土、褐煤等矿产资源15种，其中粘土矿在大口钦满族镇、缸窑镇辖区内分布面积约为40平方公里，储量达4.2亿吨以上；玄武岩储量5亿吨以上；页岩储量10亿吨以上；瓷石储量1000万吨；沸石储量1500万吨以上。
龙潭区水电资源丰沛。域内流域面积20平方公里以上河流20条，主要河流有一江（松花江）、两河（牤牛河、团山子河）。地下水资源储藏量为9.8亿立方米，地表水资源量为2.5亿立方米，地下水资源综合补给量1.6亿立方米，过境容水量150亿立方米，地下水现状开采量为1.1亿立方米。拥有小一型水库10座，小二型水库45座，总库容3300万立方米。域内日供水能力62万吨、供电能力达148万千瓦、总蒸汽能力8570吨/小时、日处理污水能力达71万吨。
龙潭区农林资源丰富。森林覆盖面积广，现有林地面积3.9万公顷，森林面积4.1万公顷，森林覆盖率35%，林木绿化率37%，是重要的后备森林资源基地；经济动植物资源丰富，梅花鹿、林蛙远近闻名，盛产安山贡梨、乌拉香瓜等本地水果和蕨菜、蘑菇等山野菜；绿色有机大米、粘甜玉米、江密峰贡米、棋盘雷香猪、乌拉小米、白菜、元葱和无公害蔬菜等农产品享誉省内外，是吉林地区重要的稻米、蔬菜、肉牛、肉鸡生产基地。
地处长白山脉向松嫩平原过渡地带，西边是肥沃的冲积平原，东边是长白山野生资源丰富的低山丘陵区，松花江呈半包围状环绕龙潭区，流程58公里。属中温带大陆季风气候，年平均气温3℃--5℃，降水量650--750毫米，无霜期130天。
隆重的萨满教仪式以祭祖为大宗，惯于龙虎年或蛇年春秋二季操理，分家祭和族祭。家祭时要选择本家娶妻生子、就职荣升、修宅迁居、寿老病故或儿女久病初愈等红白喜事的时候。全民族团结、喜庆丰收可操办族祭。无论是那种祭祀都得请全族老幼参加。在整个祭祀活动中，可分祭神树、杀猪祭神杆、领姓、摆件子、蒸糯米、打打糕等一整套习俗。
当地满族的婚礼也很别致。结婚前几天，女方要将妆奁及新娘所用衣物用车送到男方家，次日男青年要到女方家拜谢。新娘不分什么季节都要穿棉服，到婆家门前时新郎拿起特 龙潭区制的弓箭，向新娘的车轿射三箭，以示吉利。满族风味饮食主要有哈依玛（水团子）、打打糕、菠萝叶饼、粘豆包、大小黄米“火勺”有煎、炸、蒸、煮4种做法。
观赏雾凇美景——雾凇岛吉林雾凇以其“冬天里的春天”般诗情画意的美，同黄山云海、泰山日出、钱塘潮涌一起被誉为中国四大自然奇观。吉林雾凇奇美壮观，天下闻名，而犹以龙潭区乌拉街满族镇雾凇岛雾凇为最佳。
雾凇通称“树挂”，是雾气和水汽遇冷凝结在枝叶上的冰晶，分为粒状和晶状两种。粒状雾凇结构紧密，形成一粒粒很小的冰块，而晶状雾凇结构比较松散，呈较大的片状。吉林的雾凇就属于晶状。它是在吉林市独特的地理环境中自然形成的。从吉林市区溯松花江而上15公里是丰满水电站，冬季江水通过水轮机组，水温升高变暖，每到数九隆冬从水轮机组流出的水仍有4℃，江水载着巨大的热能，形成了松花江几十里缓缓流经市区不冻的奇境。从水面源源不断地蒸发出水气，整个江面白雾腾腾，久不消散。沿江长堤，苍松林立，杨柳低垂，在一定气压、温度、风向等条件作用下江面上蒸腾的雾气遇冷凝成了雾凇。 雾凇之美，美在壮观，美在奇绝。观赏雾凇，讲究的是在“夜看雾，晨看挂，待到近午赏落花”。“夜看雾”，是在雾凇形成的前夜观看江上出现的雾景。大约在夜里十点多钟，松花江上开始有缕缕雾气，继而越来越大，越来越浓，大团大团的白雾从江面滚滚而起，不停地向两岸飘流。“晨看挂”是早起看树挂。十里江堤黑森森的树木，一夜之间变成一片银白。棵棵杨柳宛若玉枝垂挂，簇簇松针恰似银菊怒放，晶莹多姿。尤以龙潭区乌拉街满族镇“雾凇岛”上的树挂最为壮观。“待到近午赏落花”，是说树挂脱落时的情景。一般在上午10时左右，树挂开始一片一片脱落，接着是成串成串地往下滑落，微风吹起脱落的银片在空中飞舞，明丽的阳光辉映到上面，空中形成了五颜六色的雪帘。
区中心距吉林火车站5公里，距长春龙嘉国际机场76公里。区内路网纵横,交通十分便捷，铁路可直达长春、沈阳、大连、哈尔滨、上海、北京等地，区内设有编组站吉林北站；公路202国道、302国道、全国联网高速公路穿区而过；乡村公路里程达到1041公里，已实现“村村通”。
面积1208.9平方公里，全区共辖1乡5镇126个行政村、13个街道38个社区,下辖2个省级开发区（吉林市化学工业循环经济示范园区、龙潭经济开发区）。
榆树街道、​遵义街道、​铁东街道、​龙潭街道、​新安街道、​湘潭街道、​龙华街道、​新吉林街道、​山前街道、​泡子沿街道、​靠山街道、​东城街道、​承德街道、​乌拉街满族镇、​缸窑镇、​江密峰镇、​大口钦镇、​金珠镇、​江北乡、​龙潭经济开发区和​金珠工业区。
根据第七次人口普查数据显示：龙潭区常住人口为371607人，城镇化率为73.85%，常住人口户数为15.8586万户。区内居住有汉、蒙、回、朝、俄罗斯等20多个民族。
石林风景名胜区

石林風景名胜区，常稱路南石林或雲南石林，位於中國雲南省石林彝族自治縣，1982年11月8日经中华人民共和国国务院批准為首批國家重點風景名胜区，其时法定名稱為“路南石林風景名胜区”。
1991年，《路南石林风景名胜区保护条例》开始实施。2001年3月6日，中华人民共和国国土资源部批准石林建立“云南石林岩溶峰林国家地质公园”；2004年2月13日联合国教科文组织批准石林列入首批世界地质公园；2007年6月27日，石林作为“中国南方喀斯特”的重要组成部分成功申报世界自然遗产。
该风景区距昆明120千米，面积约40多万亩。石林是典型的喀斯特地貌，经过亿万年地质变化形成的。石林还是彝族传说中阿诗玛的故乡。石林风景区主要由大、小石林（李子菁石林），乃古石林，芝云洞，长湖，大叠水等景区组成。每年农历六月二十四的“火把节”是游览石林的最佳时间。1931年云南省主席龙云路过此处命名“石林”，周钟岳的行书题字于文化大革命时被毁。改革开放后，当地旅游部门自曲靖第一中学内所存之《爨宝子碑》上集字而成如今的匾额。落款“龙云题”为龙云之子龙绳文于1985年9月题写，由石林县刊刻恢复。1962年，朱德到访石林，即兴题写“群峰壁立，千嶂叠翠”，因只有八张纸，无处落款，现在刊刻的“朱德题”三字是从他处题词中临摹镌刻上去的。
小黄山铁路

小黄山铁路支线，位于乌鲁木齐市北部与昌吉州境内。从北疆铁路乌北站出岔后，向北偏东延伸，跨越米泉、阜康两县至小黄山站。正线长73km。
线路最小曲线半径800米，最大坡度12.5‰。
该线设地窝堡站、米泉站、十二户站、阜康站、小黄山站等5个车站和四工、沙河沿、甘泉堡、大陆、南湾村、天池、八运村7个旅客乘降所。
有站线8.533公里，道岔42组，道口27处，桥梁28座743延长米，涵渠121座1700横延米。
尽头的小黄山站有到发线3条、有效长350米，车辆停留线1条，货物站台线1条，煤仓线1条有效长450米。在第四股道西头铺设货物线1条，建货物站台2座，每批可装车12辆。在第三股道东头建了机车掉头用的临时三角线。
新疆维吾尔自治区为开发小黄山、甘河子、五工、阜康等地的煤炭资源，于1960年修建了从乌西站到阜康县小黄山的轻便准轨铁道，全长80.7公里。该线采用兰新铁路建设时的哈密—乌鲁木齐北线方案中的线路设计。
1980年4月1日，自治区将该线路移交给乌鲁木齐铁路局管理，从此成为国营铁路支线。
2007年，从尽头的小黄山站为起点开始建设乌将铁路，终点为五彩湾站，全长95.55km。小黄山铁路支线改并入乌将铁路，称为乌北至小黄山段，并于2008年开始技术改造。
丁同三

丁同三（1926年2月13日—2005年6月14日），江蘇宜興人，臺灣登山家、臺灣岳界四大天王之一。
丁同三在十三、四歲便開始登山，在十七歲登過黃山，國共戰爭末期被捉伕到臺灣，之後在高雄高工擔任體育教師直到屆齡退休。
丁同三在擔任教師時間，會利用寒暑假登山，1963年起開始登臺灣的大山。丁同三身高達一百八十多公分，身子高瘦，又敏捷。因他耐力好、能背大桶的開水上山，又敢爬懸崖峭壁，被登山界取了「老山羊」的綽號。身為天主教徒的他，還習慣在高山頂留下小型的十字架，以求上帝保佑登山者。
1964年9月起，丁同三開始邢天正結伴同行登山。當年，他們首度攀爬關山後，丁同三就積極在八年內登完臺灣百岳。丁同三回憶當時薪水也不過新台幣兩三百元，早期臺灣登山的裝備都是高價的進口品，要準備的食物、雇請原住民費用也頗花錢，且登山所需的一張彩色照片便要二十元，他卻把收入都花在這些上。1967年8月，中國青年登山協會為慶祝邢天正完成玉山等有高峰登頂，邀請林文安、蔡景璋、邢天正、丁同三四人結伴攀登戰後時期尚無人登頂的西合歡山，便有了「臺灣岳界四大天王」名號。
1978年4月，丁同三參與救援在玉山發生山難的台灣植物保護中心員工梁儷靜時，在信義鄉東埔認識了正在作寫生畫的山東籍女子王木蘭。之後，丁同三與王木蘭交往，進而於次年1月22日結婚，蜜月還去雪山東峰。當年丁同三已五十三歲，又將空暇都安排登山，結婚消息讓臺灣登山界感到驚奇，邢天正、簡進清、阮榮助、陳遠建、吳澄寬、林水波、韓漪等山友都前往補請的婚宴祝賀。
丁同三在山友呂漢魂眼中熱於在登山時助人，1980年到1991年擔任台灣百岳俱樂部第三任部長，高雄市登山協會就在他奔走下成立，也會主持登山安全講座，帶救國團去登山。至七十歲他又要登玉山頂時，回憶五十多年來，最喜歡是南湖大山與大霸尖山，因為山多變化大，每此去感受都不同。
丁同三是臺灣岳界四大天王最後在世者，暮年中風入院，於2005年6月14日病逝於高雄榮民總醫院。因家屬低調處理，由山友林古松告知山友同好自行前往高雄市楠梓區後勁聖若瑟教堂參加追思彌撒。
耕乐堂

耕乐堂，位于江苏省苏州市吴江区同里镇西上元街陆家埭北首。建於明正统年间（1436年到1449年）。占地约六亩四分。初建五进五十二间，现尚存三进四十一间。园内有一荷花池，并植有白皮松及金桂、银桂等古树。耕乐堂于1981年列为省际太湖风景区同里八景之一，1986年7月列为吴江市级文物保护单位，2002年10月，列为第五批江苏省文物保护单位。2013年，列入第七批全国重点文物保护单位。
耕乐堂为明代处士朱祥所建，因其号耕乐，故名为“耕乐堂”。朱祥卒后，耕乐堂数度易主，迭经兴废，于清乾隆三年（1738）及咸丰年间（1851—1861）在保留初建时建筑风格基础上重修。1998年6月至2001年9月，当地政府对耕乐堂进行了全面修缮。
耕乐堂为前宅后园结构，系典型明清风格建筑。以备弄为东西分界线，北路前半部分建有门厅、正厅等，后半部分连通南路，构成一个花园。花园由回廊与备弄相接，园内有一荷花池。池南鸳鸯厅原为四面厅，四周以回廊相饶，其屋顶前后各一个轩廊，以鹤胜三弯椽相接，中间用大坡隔开，给人以层次分明之感，体现了明代建筑特点。鸳鸯厅南建有“三友亭”，植有松、竹、梅等植物。鸳鸯厅北侧进“藏曲”月洞门，为一天井，东壁筑有一座黄石假山，西面是燕翼楼。池北岸是环秀阁，通过走廊与古松轩相通，通过天桥与东侧的墨香阁相接。
耕乐堂廊壁上陈列有石刻，堂楼内展根雕作品九大件。
武夷山 (世界遗产)

武夷山位于中国福建省武夷山市，1999年12月1日被联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会列入“世界自然遗产和文化遗产名录”，是继泰山、黄山、峨嵋山－乐山大佛之后，中国第四个列入世界双重遗产的单位，是全世界35个双重遗产地之一。
“武夷山”世界遗产地核心面积63575公顷，次核心面积36400公顷，合计99975公顷，外围保护地带——缓冲区面积27888公顷。主要包括四个区域：文化与自然景观保护区（武夷山风景名胜区）、古汉城遗址保护区（城村汉城遗址）、生物多样性保护区（福建武夷山国家级自然保护区）以及九曲溪生态保护区。
西部的福建武夷山国家级自然保护区分布着世界同纬度带现存最完整、最典型、面积最大的中亚热带原生性森林生态系统，是全球生物多样性保护的关键地区；东部既有丹山碧水的武夷山风景名胜区，也有城村汉城遗址等文物古迹，此外朱熹的理学也诞生在这片土地上，是这里人文与自然有机相融的体现。
1993年初，武夷山市市长陈祥龙提出了争取武夷山列入“世遗”名录的想法。随后成立武夷山“申遗”指挥部。1998年6月，中国政府向联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会推荐武夷山列入“世界遗产名录”。1999年3月30日至4月20日，受联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会委派，世界自然保护联盟专家莱斯利·莫洛伊对武夷山进行实地考察。1999年12月1日在摩洛哥马拉喀什举办的世界遗产委员会第23届会议上表决通过，“武夷山”被列入“世界自然遗产和文化遗产名录”。
2017年7月9日在波蘭召開的聯合國教科文組織第四十一屆世界遺產委員會議通過「武夷山邊界調整案」，武夷山邊界從福建擴及江西，将江西武夷山（江西铅山）纳入到世界遗产武夷山中。
该世界遗产被认为满足世界遺產登錄基準中的以下基準而予以登錄：
黄山旅游

黄山旅游发展股份有限公司（上交所：600054/900942，简称：黄山旅游/黄山B股，英文：Huangshan Tourism Development Co.,Ltd.）是一家與黃山景區旅遊有關的旅遊公司，擁有30多家子公司，該公司也是中国上海证券交易所的一家上市公司，主营业务包括园林门票、索道、酒店、旅行社和徽菜餐饮等版塊。
公司成立于1996年11月18日，是由黄山旅游集团有限公司及其所属单位独家发起设立的股份有限公司，于1996年11月18日在上海证券交易所发行境内上市外资股（B股），次年发行境内上市人民币普通股（A股）。
2017年，公司实现营业收入17.8亿元，同比增长6.86%；实现净利润4.14亿元，同比增长17.6%。
黄山轨道交通

黄山轨道交通，又称黄山旅游轨道，是安徽省黄山市规划的轻轨系统。目前规划共涉及7条线路，其中4条是中心城镇群轨道，3条是旅游轨道，2020年，T1线正式列入安徽省实施长江三角洲区域一体化发展规划行动计划。同年4月，据南浔时报报道，该线正式列入长江三角洲地区交通运输更高质量一体化发展规划。
2018年，黄山市人民政府批准了黄山轨道交通方案。
2019年，黄山市铁路投资有限公司和北京京投投资有限公司签约，双方合作共建黄山市域和旅游轨道交通等项目，主要有黄山轨道交通Y3线等。
2020年，T1线正式列入安徽省实施长江三角洲区域一体化发展实施规划。
Huangshan Maofeng

Huangshan Maofeng tea (simplified Chinese: 黄山毛峰; traditional Chinese: 黃山毛峯/黄山毛峰; pinyin: huángshān máofēng; pronounced [xwǎŋ.ʂán mǎʊ.fə́ŋ]) is a green tea produced in southeastern interior Anhui province of China. The tea is one of the most famous teas in China and can almost always be found on the China Famous Tea list.
The tea is grown near Huangshan (Yellow Mountain), which is home to many famous varieties of green tea. Huangshan Mao Feng tea's English translation is "Yellow Mountain Fur Peak" due to the small white hairs which cover the leaves and the shape of the processed leaves which resemble the peak of a mountain. The best teas are picked in the early Spring before China's Qingming Festival. When picking the tea, only the new tea buds and the leaf next to the bud are picked. It is said by local tea farmers that the leaves resemble orchid buds.
Mount Qiyun

Mount Qiyun (simplified Chinese: 齐云山; traditional Chinese: 齊雲山; pinyin: Qíyún Shān; lit. 'Cloud-High Mountain') is a mountain and national park located in Xiuning County in Anhui Province, China. It lies at the foot of the Huangshan mountain range some 33 kilometres (21 mi) to the west of Huangshan City and is known as one of the Four Sacred Mountains of Taoism. Noted for its numerous inscriptions and tablets, as well as monasteries and temples, particularly dedicated to Xuantian Shangdi, the highest point of the mountain rises to 585 metres (1,919 ft).
Through Chinese history, Chinese poets and writers including Li Bai, Tang Yin and Yu Dafu have visited Mount Qiyun either to compose poetry or to leave an inscription.
29°48′30″N 118°01′59″E﻿ / ﻿29.8083°N 118.033°E﻿ / 29.8083; 118.033
Pinus hwangshanensis

Pinus hwangshanensis, or Huangshan pine, is a species of pine endemic to the mountains of eastern China; it is named after the Huangshan Mountains in Anhui, from where it was first described.
Pinus hwangshanensis is an evergreen tree reaching 15–25 metres (49–82 feet) in height, with a very broad, flat-topped crown of long, level branches. The bark is thick, grayish, and scaly plated. The leaves are needle-like, dark green, 2 per fascicle, 5–8 centimetres (2–3+1⁄4 inches) long and 0.8–1 millimetre (1⁄32–3⁄64 in) wide, the persistent fascicle sheath 1 cm (1⁄2 in) long. The cones are broad squat ovoid, 4–6.5 cm (1+1⁄2–2+1⁄2 in) long, yellow-brown, opening when mature in late winter to 5–7 cm broad. The seeds are winged, 5–6 mm (3⁄16–1⁄4 in) long with a 1.5–2.5 cm wing. Pollination occurs in mid-spring, with the cones maturing 18–20 months after.
It is closely related to Japanese black pine (P. thunbergii), differing from it in the slenderer leaves, brown (not white) buds and broader cones.
Huangshan pines are endemic to the mountains of eastern China, in the provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang.
They typically grow at moderate to high altitudes on steep, rocky crags, and are a major vegetation component in the landscapes of eastern China. Many specimens are venerated for their unique rugged shapes and are frequently portrayed in traditional Chinese paintings.
Pinus thunbergii

Pinus thunbergii (syn: Pinus thunbergiana), the black pine, Japanese black pine, or Japanese pine, is a pine tree native to coastal areas of Japan (Kyūshū, Shikoku and Honshū) and South Korea.
It is called gomsol (곰솔) in Korean, hēisōng (黑松) in Chinese, and kuromatsu (黒松) in Japanese.
Black pines can reach the height of 40 metres (130 feet), but rarely achieves this size outside its natural range. The needles are in fascicles of two with a white sheath at the base, 7–12 centimetres (2+3⁄4–4+3⁄4 inches) long. Female cones are 4–7 cm (1+1⁄2–2+3⁄4 in) in length, scaled, with small points on the tips of the scales, taking two years to mature. Male cones are 1–2 cm (1⁄2–3⁄4 in) long borne in clumps of 12–20 on the tips of the spring growth. The bark is gray on young trees and small branches, changing to black and plated on larger branches and the trunk; becoming quite thick on older trunks. It is a widely adapted plant with attractive dark green foliage.
In North America this tree is subject to widespread mortality by the native American pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, spread by means of beetle vectors. Subsequently, blue stain fungus invades the plant, leading to a rapid decline and death. This nematode has also been introduced to Japan accidentally, leading to the species becoming endangered in its native area.
Because of its resistance to pollution and salt, it is a popular horticultural tree. In Japan it is widely used as a garden tree, both trained as niwaki and untrained growing as an overstory tree. The trunks and branches are trained from a young age to be elegant and interesting to view. It is one of the classic bonsai subjects, requiring great patience over many years to train properly.
One characteristic of the Japanese black pine that makes it desirable for bonsai, is the possibility of inducing a second flush of new growth and improved ramification in a single growing season. Unlike most pines, which are single flush plants, the Japanese black pine can be induced to produce new buds at the base of each spring candle by simply cutting the candles at the base as they elongate, a technique called decandling. This technique will result, in a few weeks, in the flush of multiple new buds at the base of the cut candle; each of these new buds will result in turn in new candles and branches.
Wang Wusheng

Wang Wusheng (Chinese: 汪芜生; 1945 – 7 April 2018) was a Chinese photographer known for his black-and-white photographs of Mount Huangshan.
Wang Wusheng was born 1945 in Wuhu. Anhui, China and graduated from the Department of Physics of Anhui University.
Beginning in 1973, Wang worked as a photographer for a news magazine in Anhui Province, Anhui Newsphoto and Pictorial. In 1974, he started shooting Mounts Huangshan in Anhui.
In 1981 he moved to Japan. He became a research member at the Japan Foundation in 1983. He studied at the Art Institute of Nihon University in Japan as he won grant from the Japan Foundation's endowment for Japanese art studies. During these years he met and married an American exchange student studying at The University of Tokyo. Beginning in 1986, he studied for three years at the Tokyo Arts University.
In 1990, he moved to the U.S., spent a year in New York City and in the 90s his career blossomed at last. In 1998, Wang Wusheng held a solo exhibition titled "Himmelsberge" at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It was the first exhibition of photography and the first solo exhibition for a living artist at the museum. Then in 2005, the Permanent Missions of China and Japan to the United Nations presented Spirit of the East a two-person exhibition of Wang Wusheng's photographs along with paintings by the late Japanese master artist Kaii Higashiyama, in the United Nations General Assembly's Visitor's Lobby. This exhibition was held in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the United Nations.
Wang's photographs are represented in numerous public and private collections, including those of the Friedrich Christian Flick Collection in Berlin, the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, National Art Museum of China in Beijing, Shanghai Art Museum, Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, Robert Klein Gallery in Boston, Kunsthalle Krems in Austria, in Russia, United States, and Ukraine.
Wang died in Shanghai on 7 April 2018, at the age of 73.
Granite dome

Granite domes are domical hills composed of granite with bare rock exposed over most of the surface. Generally, domical features such as these are known as bornhardts. Bornhardts can form in any type of plutonic rock but are typically composed of granite and granitic gneiss. As granitic plutons cool kilometers below the Earth's surface, minerals in the rock crystallize under uniform confining pressure. Erosion brings the rock closer to Earth's surface and the pressure from above the rock decreases; as a result the rock fractures. These fractures are known as exfoliation joints, or sheet fractures, and form in onionlike patterns that are parallel to the land surface. These sheets of rock peel off the exposed surface and in certain conditions develop domical structures. Additional theories on the origin of granite domes involve scarp-retreat and tectonic uplift.
Sheet fractures are arcuate fractures defining slabs of rock that range from 0.5 to 10 meters thick. They normally form in sets parallel to the Earth's surface but may form in convex-upward or concave-upward sets. There are several possible explanations for the formation of sheet fractures. The most popular hypothesis is that they are the result of expansion and tangential fracturing consequent on erosional offloading or pressure release. There is evidence that supports this hypothesis when looking at granitic landforms that have sheet fractures. Granite forms deep in the Earth's crust under conditions of high ambient or lithostatic pressure. In order for the granite to be exposed at the Earth's surface a considerable thickness of rock must be eroded. This unloading allows the granite to expand radially and sheet fractures form tangentially to the radial stress. This indicates that the shape of the pre-existing land surface determines the geometry of the sheet fractures.
One hypothesis is that granite domes are uplifted blocks. This is the case with some granite domes but the fracture related exfoliation joints are what controls the steep slopes. Another theory that regards isolated bornhardts is that they remain after long-distance scarp recession. Moisture related weathering is what causes scarp recession. In the case of granite in a dissected landscape the dry granite high on a slope remains stable and acts as caprock. Granite below this is more easily weathered and eroded because it has been exposed to moisture and has weathered. This ultimately leads to the steepening of the slope and the collapse of higher slope elements as well as the maintenance of scarps of essentially constant inclination and morphology during backwearing.
Methuselah (sequoia tree)

The Methuselah Tree is a giant sequoia located in Mountain Home State Forest, a sequoia grove located in Sequoia National Forest in the Sierra Nevada in eastern California. It is the 28th largest giant sequoia in the world, and could be considered the 27th largest depending on how badly Ishi Giant atrophied during the Rough Fire in 2015.
The Methuselah Tree of the Mountain Home Grove is not to be confused with another Methuselah Tree in the White Mountains of eastern California that is a bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva), which at one time was considered to be the oldest tree in the world.
Jesse Hoskins, who about 1884 named many of the other trees in the Mountain Home Grove, also named the Methuselah tree, imagining that moss streamers hanging down from its bark were reminiscent of the beard of the biblical character Methusaleh, the oldest man in the world. The Methuselah Tree has a broken top and an unusually large diameter at its base, which rivals that of the better known Boole tree in the Converse Basin Grove.
When the tree was measured in the 1950s it had a height of about 225 feet (68.6 m), but at some point prior to the 1980s the top was broken off, probably during a storm. This reduced the height to under 208 feet (63.4 m), but a new leader at the top has subsequently grown, and the height of the tree continues to increase. Wendell D. Flint in 1987 collected the dimension data given below, which provide a calculated volume that ignores burns.
In 2013 it was found to have 70.30 metres (230.6 ft) in tree height measurement.
36°14′25″N 118°40′49″W﻿ / ﻿36.240254°N 118.680249°W﻿ / 36.240254; -118.680249
Huangshan Tunxi International Airport

Huangshan Tunxi International Airport (IATA: TXN, ICAO: ZSTX) is an airport in Tunxi District, Huangshan City in East China’s Anhui province. It mainly serves tourists to Mount Huangshan, one of China's top tourist destinations. The airport was first built in 1958 and has one 2,600-meter runway.
According to reports from CCTV, taxicabs in Huangshan Airport price themselves out of the market without using the meters legally, and other taxis in downtown Huangshan are rejected for taking passengers.
An Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath

Ollscoil Éireannach is ea An Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath nó COBÁC (Béarla: University College Dublin (UCD)), (nó Coláiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath mar a ghlaoitear uirthi go minic), (University College Dublin - National University of Ireland, Dublin tráth), atá suite i mBelfield i ndeisceart na príomhchathrach, Baile Átha Cliath. Is an ollscoil is mó in Éirinn í le breis agus 20,000 mac léinn cláraithe inti. Is comhcholáiste de chuid Ollscoil na hÉireann í.
B'í an chéad ollscoil Chaitliceach in Éirinn í. Tagann an ollscoil ó bhforas, The Catholic University of Ireland, a raibh lámh ag John Henry Newman ina bunú agus is é a bhí mar an chéad reachtaire uirthi sa bhliain 1854. Rinneadh athmhúnlú air sa bhliain 1880 agus a fuair a cairt féin faoi 1908.
Ainmníodh foirgneamh sa Choláiste i gcuimhne ar Gerard Manley Hopkins sa bhliain 2011, tar éis a thréimhse ann mar Ollamh Gréigise.
Bhronn Peter Sutherland €4 mhilliún de dheontas ar an gColáiste Ollscoile, le scoil dlí nua a thógáil in áit an tseanchinn, Caisleán Ruabhoic. Scoil Dlí COBÁC Peter Sutherland a thugtar ar an scoil.
Tá cúrsaí ollscoile a bhaineann le heolaíochtaí an duine lonnaithe in Ionad na nEolaíochtaí Sláinte (Foirgneamh na n-Eolaíochtaí Sláinte chomh maith) ar champas Belfield. B'é scoil an leighis agus na hinnealtóireachta an dá dháimh dheirneacha a bhog amach ó Ardán Phort an Iarla go Belfield.
Tá Scoil an Leighis nasctha le hOspidéal Ollscoile Naomh Uinseann agus é mar phríomhospidéal oiliúna acu.
Is é an Cumann Liteartha agus Stairiúil an cumann díospóireachta is mó ar an gColáiste agus ceann de na cinn is mó, is sine agus is aitheanta sa tír ar fad chomh maith. Cuireann an cumann díospóireachtaí agus comórtais rialta ar siúl.
Is cumann mór mac léinn é an Cumann Gaelach a eagraíonn réimse leathan imeachtaí gach bliain. Le tamall de bhlianta anuas bhí os cionn 1,000 ball ag an gCumann. Sa bhliain 2011 bhí os cionn 2,000 ball acu.
Tá dhá phríomhnuachtán mac léinn sa choláiste. Is nuachtán mórbhileoige é an University Observer a fhoilsítear gach coicís. Is nuachtán tablóide é an College Tribune a bhunaigh an t-iriseoir Vincent Browne.
Is stáisiún raidió mac léinn é Belfield FM a chraolann as An Coláiste Ollscoile, ar líne agus ar FM ar feadh tréimhsí áirithe gach bliain.
Is iomaí spórt a imrítear ar champas agus is ann do mhórán áiseanna éagsúla cé nach bhfuil raon reatha ag an gColáiste a thuilleadh. Osclaíodh ionad úr spóirt sa bhliain 2012 a bhfuil linn snámha, giomnáisiam agus áiseanna eile mac léinn ann.
Is ann a imríonn Cumann Peile Choláiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath.