davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Kola Real

Kola Real, a veces abreviado KR, es una serie de bebidas gaseosas pertenecientes al grupo peruano Industrias San Miguel (ISM). Actualmente no solo se comercializa en su país de origen (Perú), también en la República Dominicana, Estados Unidos, Haití, partes de Brasil (bajo el nombre de Goob) y el norte de Chile (Arica y Parinacota y Tarapacá).
Kola Real fue fundada en 1988 por la familia Añaños en la ciudad de Ayacucho, Perú. Un grupo de seis hermanos y sus padres crearon la empresa en el patio de su casa para lograr más ingresos, debido a que no podían vivir de su fuente normal, la agricultura, porque el terrorismo asolaba al Perú en ese tiempo y era difícil obtener el sembrío.​
Las primeras gaseosas de Kola Real eran comercializadas en botellas de cerveza, aprovechando que el hermano mayor de los Añaños, Jorge, tenía experiencia con la distribución de esa bebida. Empezaron a producir en una rudimentaria máquina llamada Atahualpa, que aún se conserva en una de las plantas en el Perú. La formación técnica de los hermanos, que en su mayoría eran ingenieros, permitió que elaboraran una agradable bebida, sin muchos químicos. Se comenzó a distribuir entre los vecinos, luego entre los pobladores de la localidad donde vivían, y poco a poco fueron extendiéndose hasta alcanzar otras ciudades del Perú. Paradójicamente, el crecimiento de la empresa se favoreció con la decisión de los grupos terroristas de solo dejar ingresar a Ayacucho a los camiones con productos que pagaran cupos, por lo que la competencia con otras bebidas fue muy pequeña.​​
En 2001, obtuvo el Premio a la Excelencia 2001 por la revista AméricaEconomía.​
A inicios de 2010, esta bebida renovó su imagen con un nuevo logotipo que muestra solamente las iniciales: KR.
Tanto AJE como ISM continuaron fabricando la marca KR para el Perú hasta 2017. Desde ese año, ambas compañías acordaron separar las marcas: ISM embotellaría con la denominación de Kola Real (KR), mientras que de Big se encargaría Ajegroup.
Así, Big Cola ingresó a territorio peruano a competir con Kola Real desde ese preciso año. Hoy en día son dos gaseosas totalmente diferentes, por lo que, aunque ambas comparten historia, actualmente no tienen relación en absoluto y son competidores en el mercado.
La gaseosa Kola Real se encuentra principalmente en tiendas de barrio (aunque también en supermercados). Solamente se embotella en Perú y en la República Dominicana. En las regiones chilenas de Arica y Parinacota y Tarapacá, se vende esta bebida; pero es fabricada en la ciudad de Arequipa, ya que ISM no tiene planta embolletadora en el país austral. Incluso el sabor de papaya, solamente se encuentra en el norte de Chile, pese a ser fabricado en la planta de Arequipa al igual que los demás sabores.
En Brasil se embotella bajo el nombre de Goob.
Inicialmente el área de distribución de ISM dentro del Perú era desde Tacna hasta el río Santa, pero excluyendo a la capital. Pero desde 2019 el portafolio de ISM se encuentra en Lima.
También se comercializa en Estados Unidos y Haití.
Ranch water

Ranch water is a cocktail typically made with tequila, lime juice, and Topo Chico sparkling mineral water. It originates in Texas, often traced to an Austin restaurant that opened in 1998.
There are various stories about its origin. Many attribute the drink to Kevin Williamson, an Austin restaurant owner, who drank a similar mixture as a young man while hunting with his father. In 1998, he opened a restaurant with ranch water, a margarita with Topo Chico on the side, which patrons could mix to taste. Some recipes include orange liqueur, like margaritas do. The historic Gage Hotel in Marathon, Texas, with which Williamson has worked, also serves ranch water.
Various companies, especially Texas-based ones, market canned ranch waters, often labeled hard seltzers. Topo Chico's hard seltzer line includes a ranch water. Some US beer brewers have begun producing ranch water using a malt base, allowing them to bypass licensing requirements for distillers, in light of increasing consumer appetite for prepackaged cocktails and declining beer sales. The lack of tequila in canned versions has led to backlash from fans of the drink, and a class action lawsuit against Dos Equis claiming false advertising due to a lack of tequila and lime juice in their version.
Cafe Lafitte in Exile

Cafe Lafitte in Exile is a bar in New Orleans' French Quarter that has operated continuously since 1933. It claims to be the oldest continuously operating gay bar in the United States (along with White Horse Inn in Oakland, California, which has also operated since 1933).
Originally, Cafe Lafitte bar was opened in a famous old building at 941 Bourbon Street known as Lafitte's Blacksmith Shop. When the owner of the business, Tom Caplinger, was forced to vacate that location, he reopened at 901 Bourbon Street and named the new bar Cafe Lafitte in Exile.
The bar is open 24 hours a day and has had influential guests including Tennessee Williams and Truman Capote. Operating since the end of Prohibition (albeit in two different locations) the bar claims to be the oldest gay bar in operation in the United States. The original Cafe Lafitte opened in the building that had been the noted pirate Jean Lafitte's blacksmith business in the 18th century. This building is now called Lafitte's Blacksmith Shop. In its early days, the bar was managed by Mary Collins, a lesbian, and drew a mixed crowd of lesbians, homosexuals and heterosexuals. In the 1950s, during rising tension between the club and the landlord, manager Tom Caplinger moved the club to the building where it is now located. At the grand reopening party in 1953, patrons arrived costumed as their favorite 'exile', including people like Oscar Wilde, Dante, and Napoleon.
In 1954, author John Steinbeck wrote an article about Tom Caplinger and Cafe Lafitte for the Saturday Evening Post, describing Caplinger as "an uninhibited, unkempt scholar, whose laissez-faire policy of running a gin mill can only be termed unique."
On September 28, 1958, Fernando Rios, a Mexican tour guide, was killed after leaving the bar with John Farrell, a student from Tulane University. Farrell had earlier in the night expressed to his friends that he wanted to "roll a queer" (a slang term meaning to rob a gay man), and he assaulted Rios in an alley of the St. Louis Cathedral after leaving the bar with him. He was acquitted of the murder by an all-white jury.
In the book Queer Hauntings, Ken Summers writes that bar patrons claim to have occasionally seen the ghosts of deceased individuals who were fond of the bar as well as a "frisky" ghost named Mr. Bubbly who pinches people on their rear ends.
29°57′37″N 90°03′51″W﻿ / ﻿29.9604°N 90.0642°W﻿ / 29.9604; -90.0642
River Cafe (Puerto Vallarta)

River Cafe is a restaurant on Isla Cuale in Zona Romántica, Puerto Vallarta, in the Mexican state of Jalisco.
The restaurant, described as one of the city's most popular, is located on Isla Cuale and overlooks the Cuale River. The menu includes international and Mexican comfort food; international options include fried calamari, seafood fettuccine, vegetarian crepes, and wild-mushroom soup, and Mexican options include nachos, quesadillas, seared tuna, and guacamole and salsas. According to Fodor's, "At night, candles flicker at white-skirted tables with comfortable cushioned chairs, and tiny white lights sparkle in palm trees surrounding the multilevel terrace." The restaurant hosts live jazz on Friday and Saturday evenings.
Owned by Eva Sanchez and Margarito Larios, the restaurant was established in 1996. Willie & Lobo have performed at River Cafe.
Fodor's recommends the restaurant for breakfast as well as the "evening ambience". Alex Robinson included the River Cafe in The Culture Trip's 2021 list of the city's top restaurants.
Saratoga Water

Saratoga Water, also known as Saratoga Spring Water and Saratoga, is a bottled-water company founded in 1872 in Saratoga Springs, New York. Saratoga Spring Water is sold in sparkling and still versions in a cobalt-blue bottle. Saratoga Water is a brand of BlueTriton Brands.
In 1872 a group of Saratoga-based businessmen looking to take advantage of Saratoga’s famous healing waters began bottling a newly discovered spring under the name “Saratoga Vichy,” named after the mineral springs of Vichy, France.
In 1903, the French Republic sued the Saratoga Water company in French Republic v. Saratoga Vichy Spring Co., over the use of the Vichy name. The court ruled on behalf of the American company.
In the mid-1980s, Saratoga Water was bought by Anheuser-Busch. Evian bought the company from Anheuser-Busch. Evian shut down the local bottling plant. In 2001, Adam Madkour Sr. and a group of local investors purchased the company and re-opened the plant. In 2021, the brand was sold to BlueTriton Brands.
In a 2023 New York Times Magazine article titled "The Make-Do Joys of Terrazzo", artist duo Ficus Interfaith describe using the royal blue glass of Saratoga Water bottles as one of the materials they use to make their terrazzo art works.
In 2024, Saratoga Water launched a line of aluminum bottles. Packaging is among several of the company growth priorities, according to CEO Joey Bergstein.
In 2025, the brand went viral online as the water was used by social media influencer Ashton Hall during his "Morning Routine" videos.
Bubly Sparkling Water

Bubly Sparkling Water, or simply Bubly, is a line of flavoured sparkling water distributed by PepsiCo. Distribution of the product first began in February 2018, with eight flavours introduced as part of the initial line-up. The brand is aimed at competing in the growing market for healthier alternatives to traditional soft drinks, primarily against other sparkling water brands such as La Croix.
Bubly is available for purchase in 12 oz. cans or 20 oz. bottles, with packaging containing a personal message and a greeting printed on the tab or cap. All varieties of Bubly are sugar-free and claimed to contain no artificial sweeteners, composed only of sparkling water and natural flavours. The initial line-up of bubly consisted of lemon, lime, orange, grapefruit, strawberry, apple, mango, and cherry flavours. However, the brand has expanded to include blackberry, peach, raspberry, cranberry, pineapple, passionfruit, watermelon, coconut pineapple, blueberry-pomegranate, and white-peach-ginger varieties. An unflavoured version, under the name "justbubly" is also available.
In 2021, a line of caffeinated sparkling water drinks was introduced under the name bubly bounce, each containing 35 mg of caffeine. Bubly bounce is produced in mango-passion fruit, blueberry-pomegranate, triple-berry, citrus-cherry, and blood orange-grapefruit varieties. In 2022, Bubly introduced the limited-edition Belini Bliss flavour, their first mocktail offering. In 2023, Bubly introduced a line of dessert-inspired sparkling waters, comprising orange cream, key lime pie, and lemon sorbet flavours.
In March 2024, PepsiCo introduced a new Bubly Burst beverage line, which contains fruit juices that provide a stronger flavour and colour than their regular counterparts. Unlike the standard Bubly range, burst drinks are only available in 16.9oz plastic bottles.
Bubly was first launched in the United States and Canada in February 2018. In May 2023, PepsiCo expanded the brand into the Australian and New Zealand markets.
Bubly aired a commercial starring Canadian singer Michael Bublé during Super Bowl LIII in 2019, in which the singer repeatedly pronounces the beverage's name like his own (boo-BLAY) rather than as "bubbly", much to the chagrin of a store's clerk. Bublé would appear in subsequent advertising campaigns for the beverage, particularly in his native Canada, and PepsiCo first released a special "Merry Berry Bublé" flavor for the holiday season in 2021.
Voss (water)

Voss is a Norwegian-based bottled water from the village of Vatnestrøm in Iveland municipality, Agder county. Contrary to popular belief, the water is not bottled in the municipality of Voss, which is more than 400 kilometres (250 mi) from the bottling site. It is available in both still and sparkling forms.
The company's cylindrical glass bottle was designed by Neil Kraft.
Voss is bottled by Voss of Norway AS, an American Limited Company headquartered in New York City. The water is marketed in over 50 countries, with a particular focus on the United States. Voss claims its manufacturing process is completely carbon neutral.
In 2007, Women's Health magazine rated Voss #1 among several bottled waters. For entertainment on television, in tests sponsored by Finland's national broadcasting company, Yle, three blindfolded wine experts rated Voss water lowest of six waters tested, which included Helsinki public tap water.
In 2016, Reignwood Group, a Thai-Chinese company, acquired majority control of Voss. The chairwoman of Voss is Lisa Wang and the vice chairman is John D. Shulman.
In October 2010, Norway's TV 2 reported that Voss has the same source as tap water from the municipal water supply in Iveland and, contrary to Voss marketing, that this is not artesian. TV 2 stood by these claims despite Voss's objections.
Crystal Geyser Water Company

Crystal Geyser Water Company, or just Crystal Geyser, is a private company founded in 1977 in Calistoga, California. They produce bottled sparkling water based on mineral water and spring water sources at their original facility in Calistoga.
Besides sparkling water drinks, the company also produces ready-to-drink teas called Tejava in Bakersfield, California. In 1990 Crystal Geyser was acquired by Otsuka Pharmaceutical's parent company Otsuka Holdings Co. Ltd. In 2014, the company had plans to bottle water from an aquifer in Mount Shasta, California, but many local residents criticized the plan.
In August 2019, Siskiyou Superior Court struck down a lawsuit brought by an environmental group and Native American tribe claiming the presence of their plant in the area would negatively impact the environment.
Crystal Geyser Water Company produces sparkling mineral water and sparkling spring water out of their Calistoga facility. Mineral water and spring water are both from geologically and physically protected underground water sources. Mineral water is pumped from the underground sources and naturally contains at least 250 parts per million (ppm) total dissolved solids (TDS). Spring water reaches the surface without aid and is only considered mineral water if it reaches 250 ppm TDS.
CG Roxane, which produces bottled waters with “Crystal Geyser Alpine Spring Water” branding printed on the bottles, is a different legal entity than the Crystal Geyser Water Company. Crystal Geyser Water Company and CG Roxane operate independent of each other, but are affiliates of the same Japanese company, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. owns 49% of Alma S.A., which is the parent company of CG Roxane.
CG Roxane was established in 1990, and only produces flat water under the Crystal Geyser Alpine Spring Water brand throughout the United States.
CG Roxane spring water is produced through a joint venture with Societe Roxane of France which is known as Crystal Geyser Roxane or just C G Roxane.
CG Roxane has a bottling plant in Weed, California, ten miles North-Northwest of Mt. Shasta. Crystal Geyser Roxane draws water from an aquifer to the east of Mount Whitney with its plant located at Olancha, California, where it bottles, sells and exports water for Japanese domestic consumption. The company also supplies American retail outlets with their branded water, including Trader Joe's Natural Mountain Spring Water. CG Roxane also has a bottling plant in Benton, TN.
Corner Bakery Cafe

CBC Restaurant Corporation, doing business as Corner Bakery Cafe is an American chain of cafes that specialize in pastries, breads, breakfast dishes, gourmet sandwiches, homemade soups, salads, and pasta. Corner Bakery Cafe is considered to be a part of the fast casual market segment of the food service industry, offering a somewhat higher quality of food and atmosphere than a typical fast food restaurant, and offering limited table service.
Corner Bakery Cafe was founded by Lettuce Entertain You Enterprises, a Chicago-based restaurant group. It was sold to Brinker International, and then in 2005 to Il Fornaio (America) Corporation. Roark Capital Group bought Il Fornaio in 2011. In 2020, the Corner Bakery Cafe was purchased by Pandya Restaurant Growth Brands, LLC, a subsidiary of the Rohan Group of Companies. Mike Hislop is the chairman of the board. Mike came on as COO after the sale to CBC Restaurant Corporation.
Jim Vinz, the previous president & COO, had been with the company in various capacities since 1995, and was promoted to COO in 2005 and president in 2006.
On February 23, 2023, Corner Bakery Cafe filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, listing assets and liabilities between $10 million and $50 million. On June 5, 2023, SSCP Management Inc., which is the owner of Cicis Pizza and Roy's, and a franchisor of Applebee's and Sonic Drive-In, won a bankruptcy auction bid to acquire Corner Bakery Cafe for nearly $15 million.
In 2024, Corner Bakery Cafe reported that its average unit sales have surged in recent months, increasing by around $200,000. The company also recently brought in a group of executives to potentially expand the brand by opening new locations within the coming years, as well as introducing new training programs and employee recognition and incentive programs to maintain workforce trust. Corner Bakery Cafe is expected to remodel all of its restaurants, open five to seven new locations, and test kiosks at a few locations in the Dallas-Fort Worth area throughout 2024.
The cafe has 192 locations nationwide, with large numbers in California, Texas, Pennsylvania and Illinois.
Evening

Evening is the period of a day that begins at the end of daylight and overlaps with the beginning of night. It generally indicates the period of time when the sun is close to the horizon and comprises the periods of civil, nautical and astronomical twilight. The exact times when evening begins and ends are subjective and depend on location and time of year. It may be used colloquially to include the last waning daytime shortly before sunset.
The word is derived from the Old English ǣfnung, meaning 'the coming of evening, sunset, time around sunset', which originated from æfnian, meaning "become evening, grow toward evening". The Old English æfnian originated from æfen (eve), which meant "the time between sunset and darkness", and was synonymous with even (Old English æfen), which meant the end of the day. The use of "evening" dates from the mid 15th century.
The Encyclopædia Britannica defines evening as varying according to daylight and lifestyle, but says that many people consider it to begin at 5 p.m.
In a social context, the Oxford English Dictionary defines evening as "the time from about 6 p.m., or sunset if earlier".
As such, there is no fixed consensus on when the period of evening starts.
Despite the less favorable lighting conditions for optical astronomy, evening can be useful for observing objects orbiting close to the Sun. Evening (and morning) serves as the optimum time for viewing the inferior planets Venus and Mercury. It is a popular time to hunt for comets, as their tails grow more prominent as these objects draw closer to the Sun. The evening (and morning) twilight is used to search for near-Earth asteroids that orbit inside the orbit of the Earth. In mid-latitudes, spring evenings around the time of the equinox―that is, the March one in the Northern Hemisphere and the September equinox to the south of the equator―are favorable for viewing the zodiacal light.
Electric Fountain

The Electric Fountain is a water fountain with public art sculptures and evening lighting, surrounded by mosaic pavement, seating, and landscaping. It is located in Beverly Gardens Park on the corner of Santa Monica and Wilshire Boulevards in Beverly Hills, California.
The two-level circular fountain includes a circular raised fountain spray area surrounded by a 30-foot (9.1 m) diameter pool. It was designed by architect Ralph Carlin Flewelling in 1931, in partnership with sculptor Robert Merrell Gage, who created the center sculpture and bas relief.
The Electric Fountain contains several individual public art components. These components include sculpture, bas relief, mosaics, landscaping, and lighting program.
Robert Merrell Gage placed the 6-foot (1.8 m) granite sculpture of a Tongva/Gabrieleno tribe member, kneeling in prayer, on a 20-foot (6.1 m) stone column. According to Peter James Holliday, the image was "said to be modeled after Gradin Newsom, who was part Cherokee". The sculpture sits in the center of the smaller circular raised fountain.
The sides of the circular raised stone fountain are carved with 3-foot (0.91 m) high bas relief sculptures by Robert Merrell Gage as a companion piece to the Tongva/Gabrieleno tribe member sculpture. The bas relief images depict scenes of the area's early history and development.
The surrounding 30 foot (9.1 m) diameter pool is edged with ceramic tile. Terra cotta mosaic pavement tiles show images from the early history of the area and the founding of the city.
Landscaping and benches surround the pool and have been modified throughout the decades. The most recent addition to the Electric Fountain was the multi-colored nighttime lighting program for the pool, fountain, and sculpture. Installed in 2016, the lighting program made the Electric Fountain highly visible after dark.
The fountain was a gift to the City of Beverly Hills from Sarah Elizabeth (Fraser) Lloyd, mother of silent-screen actor Harold Lloyd in 1931, and the original installation was funded by the Beverly Hills Women's Club. It was built on land donated by the Rodeo Land and Water Company.
In 2014-2015, Chinese businessman Wang Jianlin donated US$200,000 for the restoration of the fountain, and in 2016 the fountain, sculptures, and surrounding public space received a major restoration and renovation.
It was featured in the 1995 movie Clueless and The Go-Go's 1981 music video for "Our Lips Are Sealed".
34°04′01″N 118°24′38″W﻿ / ﻿34.06707°N 118.410419°W﻿ / 34.06707; -118.410419
Tejuino

Tejuino is a cold fermented beverage made from corn and popularly consumed in the Mexican states of Jalisco, Colima, Nayarit and Oaxaca. Tejuino is usually made from corn dough, the same kind used for tortillas and tamales. The dough is mixed with water and piloncillo (cone-shaped unrefined cane sugar) and boiled until the liquid is very thick. The liquid is then allowed to ferment very slightly. The resulting drink is generally served cold, with lime juice, a pinch of salt and a scoop of shaved ice or lime sorbet.
Although the drink is strongly associated with the state of Jalisco, it is also commonly found in other parts of Mexico and more recently in Mexican American communities across the Southwestern United States. In Mexico it is usually sold by street vendors in small plastic cups or in plastic bags tied around a straw. In the United States it can be found in Mexican juice bars.
The exact origin of tejuino is disputed; however, most Mexicans agree that the drink dates back to pre-Columbian times. The ancient Nahua people of Mexico viewed tejuino as the "drink of the gods" and it is still called this by some Mexicans today.
Within the state of Jalisco there are variations as to how it is served. In Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, for example, tejuino is served without nieve de limon; in Guadalajara, Jalisco, it is usually served with nieve de limon, at the buyer's discretion. Nieve de limon is a homemade lime sorbet that is often added to the drink to bring out its natural flavor.
Since tejuino is only allowed to ferment for a couple of days at most, the alcohol content is actually very low. There is a common myth among Mexicans that one can get drunk from drinking too much tejuino; however, this is usually due to the addition of small amounts of beer in some recipes rather than the alcohol content of the tejuino itself.
Sidecar (sparkling water)

A sidecar is a term for a small glass of sparkling water or seltzer served beside an espresso. The purpose of the water is to cleanse a person's palate before and after drinking an espresso shot.
Additionally there is also an espresso sidecar, which refers to a shot of espresso that is served alongside a cafe latte or cappuccino. In 2016, Starbucks launched a specialty beverage at some of their locations that included a beer, with an espresso sidecar meant to be poured into the beer.
The term likely originates from bartending culture. If a bartender overpoured, and therefore ended up with more of a drink than will fit in the special glass for that drink, it was common for them to serve the extra in a small glass beside the drink.
Meanwhile, it has become common to call anything served beside a drink a "sidecar". For example, a bar in Chicago serves a piece of chocolate with a mixed drink and calls it a "sidecar." Similarly, when diners serve milkshakes, there will typically be a little bit leftover that doesn't fit into a glass, this extra will be served alongside the milkshake in a metal mixing cup and is called a "sidecar."
The tradition of serving water alongside coffee originated in Austria-Hungary. Initially, it served a practical purpose, providing a place for patrons to put their spoons after stirring, adhering to the etiquette norms of the time.
In 1873, Vienna completed the First Vienna Spring Watermain Pipeline, significantly improving the city's water quality. To showcase this clean water, coffee houses began serving a glass of tap water alongside their coffee.
This practice gained international attention during the 1873 Austrian World Expo, held the same year as the pipeline completion. Visitors from across Europe experienced coffee served with a water sidecar, and started drinking it, instead of placing their spoons into it. This exposure contributed to the spread of the tradition throughout Europe.
With the invention of espresso in Italy at the turn of the 20th century, Italian coffee houses also adopted the sidecar tradition.
During the mid-20th century, when coffee quality was often poor and overly bitter, the water served the functional purpose of rinsing away unpleasant aftertastes.
In contemporary coffee culture and third-wave coffee, the sidecar has evolved into a palate cleanser, typically consumed before the coffee to enhance appreciation of the espresso's complex flavors.
Sidecar (disambiguation)
Collins glass

In American English, a collins glass is a glass tumbler which typically contains 300 to 410 millilitres (10 to 14 US fl oz). It is commonly used to serve sparkling cocktails, especially long drinks like the Tom Collins or John Collins, as well as fruit juice, water or any cold drinks. Its cylindrical shape, narrower and taller than a highball glass, keeps the drink carbonated longer by reducing the surface area of the drink. It is a recommended glass for serving an espresso and tonic in.
Rafflesia bengkuluensis

Rafflesia bengkuluensis adalah satu dari lima jenis bunga parasit Rafflesia yang ditemukan di hutan Air Penangkulan, Kabupaten Kaur, Bengkulu. Adapun empat jenis bunga parasit Rafflesia selain Rafflesia bengkuluensis yang tumbuh di hutan Air Penangkulan adalah Rafflesia arnoldii, Rafflesia hasselti, Rafflesia kemumu, dan Rafflesia gadutensis. Rafflesia bengkuluensis memiliki diameter 50–55 cm. Persebaran Rafflesia bengkuluensis terbatas di sekitar lembah Talang Tais, yang terletak di sebelah barat laut Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan.
Pada tahun 2005, Rafflesia bengkuluensis pertama sekali ditemukan oleh tiga peneliti yang berkolaborasi. Peneliti-peneliti tersebut bernama Agus Susatya dari Universitas Bengkulu, Arianto dan Mat Saleh dari Universitas Kebangsaan Malaysia. Pemberian nama kedua, bengkuluensis, berasal dari tempat pertama kali bunga Rafflesia bengkuluensis ditemukan.
Bunga jenis ini memiliki diameter berukuran medium (50–55 cm) dengan helai berukuran 15–19 cm. Helai bunga ini biasanya berwarna oranye tua atau merah bata dengan bercak-bercak yang berukuran sekitar 9 mm dan lebar 4–6 mm. Raflesia ini memiliki diafragma yang berukuran 16,2–18,6 cm dengan bintik-bintik permukaan yang berwarna oranye muda dan lubang diafragmanya berukuran sekitar 10,6 cm.
Rafflesia lawang

Rafflesia lawang (Rafflesia lawangensis) adalah spesies dari genus Rafflesia yang ditemukan di Bukit Lawang, Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser, Sumatra Utara, Indonesia. Spesies ini pertama kali diidentifikasi pada 2010 setelah sebelumnya sering keliru dianggap sebagai Rafflesia arnoldii.
Spesies ini berukuran lebih kecil dengan diameter bunga betina yang mekar penuh sekitar 58-63 cm dan memiliki lobus perigone berwarna oranye hingga coklat kemerahan dengan bintik-bintik putih. Spesies ini juga memiliki bukaan diafragma yang lebih lebar dibandingkan spesies lain di Sumatra.
Padma

Padma (Rafflesia patma) adalah spesies tanaman parasit dari genus Rafflesia. Tanaman ini pertama kali ditemukan di Nusakambangan, Jawa (lepas pantai Samudra Hindia). Seperti spesies lain dalam genusnya, tumbuhan ini tidak memiliki daun, batang, akar, atau klorofil, melainkan mengambil semua nutrisinya dari Tetrastigma lanceolaurium, tanaman merambat hutan hujan.
Anatomi tanaman ini telah berevolusi menjadi untaian sel mirip miselium yang menginfeksi sistem pembuluh darah internal inangnya. Bunga berlobus lima dari spesies ini berukuran 30 hingga 60 cm, dan berbau seperti daging busuk, menarik lalat bangkai betina untuk penyerbukan.
Nama ini berasal dari bahasa Jawa yaitu kata patma yang berarti tanaman. Nama itu sendiri secara etimologis berasal dari kata पद्म (padma), bahasa Sansekerta yang berarti 'teratai'.
Bantengan (tumbuhan)

Tetrastigma leucostaphylum, bantengan, adalah tumbuhan berbunga dalam keluarga Vitaceae . Tanaman ini berasal dari Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, dan Asia Tenggara.
Di Sumatera, Tetrastigma leucostaphylum berfungsi sebagai inang bunga terbesar di dunia, tanaman parasit Rafflesia arnoldii .
Tetrastigma

Tetrastigma adalah salah satu genus tumbuhan dalam famili Vitaceae. Model pertumbuhan Tetrastigma adalah liana pemanjat. Sinar matahari diperoleh oleh Tetrastigma dengan cara merambat di batang tumbuhan lain karena batangnya tidak dapat berdiri secara tegak. Tetrastigma umumnya menjadi tempat bertumbuhnya tumbuhan parasit seperti Sapria himalayana dan Rafflesia arnoldii. Keberadaan Tetrastigma di dalam kawasan hutan merupakan penanda hutan hijau abadi. Jumlah spesies Tetrastigma sebanyak 97 jenis yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah di dunia. Sebagian besar penyebarannya berada di benua Asia yang beriklim tropika. Negara dan kawasan yang memiliki spesies Tetrastigma dengan jumlah yang cukup banyak adalah Republik Tiongkok, India, Thailand, Indochina, dan Malaysia Barat.
Setiap wilayah di dalam Cagar Alam Pangandaran selalu ditemukan Tetrastigma yang menjadi inang bagi Rafflesia patma.
Tetrastigma merupakan inang bagi genus Rafflesia. Terdapat 10 spesies Tetrasigma yang menjadi inang bagi Rafflesia. Empat jenis Rafflesia yang tumbuh di Indonesia diketahui menjadi parasit pada tiga spesies Tetrastigma. Di Jawa, Rafflesia patma menjadi parasit bagi spesies Tetrastigma leucostaphyillum dan Tetrastigma glabratum. Di Sumatra, Rafllesia arnoldii menjadi parasit bagi Tetrastigma curtisii dan Tetrastigma leucostaphyillum. Sementara itu, Rafflesia zollingeriana menjadi parasit bagi Tetrastigma glabratum di wilayah Jawa Timur. Pengenalan Tetrastigma sebagai inang Rafflesia sulit untuk dilakukan. Daun Tetrastigma umumnya tersamarkan dengan daun pohon lain karena perambatan Tetrastigma yang hanya di bagian kanopi pohon yang rimbun. Pada kondisi tertentu, Tetrastigma sebagai inang Rafflesia juga tumbuh berjauhan karena melakukan perambatan.
Tetrastigma juga menjadi inang bagi spesies Sapria himalayana. Tanaman ini memperoleh nutrisi dari akar-akar Tetrasigma.
Kementerian Investasi dan Hilirisasi/Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal Republik Indonesia

Kementerian Investasi dan Hilirisasi/Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (Kemeninveshil/BKPM) adalah suatu kementerian di lingkungan Pemerintah Indonesia yang membidangi urusan investasi dan hilirisasi serta berada di bawah dan bertanggung jawab kepada Presiden. Kementerian ini dipimpin oleh seorang Menteri Investasi dan Hilirisasi yang sejak 19 Agustus 2024 dijabat oleh Rosan Roeslani.
BKPM didirikan sejak tahun 1973, menggantikan fungsi yang dijalankan oleh Panitia Teknis Penanaman Modal yang dibentuk sebelumnya pada tahun 1968.
Dengan ditetapkannya Undang-Undang tentang Penanaman Modal pada tahun 2007, BKPM menjadi sebuah lembaga Pemerintah yang menjadi koordinator kebijakan penanaman modal, baik koordinas antar instansi pemerintah, pemerintah dengan Bank Indonesia, serta pemerintah dengan pemerintah daerah maupun pemerintah daerah dengan pemerintah daerah. BKPM juga diamanatkan sebagai badan advokasi bagi para investor, misalnya menjamin tidak adanya ekonomi biaya tinggi.
Kementerian Investasi dibentuk dalam perombakan kedua Kabinet Indonesia Maju pada 28 April 2021. Dalam Kabinet Indonesia Maju, Menteri Investasi juga bertindak sebagai Kepala Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal. Pada Kabinet Merah Putih tahun 2024, Presiden Prabowo Subianto mengubah nama kementerian ini menjadi Kementerian Investasi dan Hilirisasi/BKPM.
Kementerian mempunyai tugas menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang investasi dan suburusan pemerintahan hilirisasi yang merupakan lingkup urusan pemerintahan di bidang investasi untuk membantu Presiden dalam menyelenggarakan pemerintahan negara. Kementerian menyelenggarakan fungsi:
BKPM mempunyai tugas melaksanakan koordinasi pelaksanaan kebijakan dan pelayanan di bidang penanaman modal berdasarkan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. BKPM menyelenggarakan fungsi:
Susunan organisasi Kementerian Investasi dan Hilirisasi/Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal berdasarkan Permen Inveshil No. 2 Tahun 2024 terdiri atas:
Pimpinan
Sekretariat
Deputi
Staf Ahli
Inspektorat
Pusat
Berikut ini sejarah perubahan unit eselon I.
Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (BKPM) ditugaskan oleh Presiden Joko Widodo sebagai satu-satunya lembaga untuk mengkoordinasikan untuk melaksanan perizinan berusaha. Tugas ini ditetapkan dalam Instruksi Presiden (Inpres) Nomor 7 Tahun 2019 tentang Percepatan Kemudahan Berusaha. Inpres ini menegaskan bahwa Kepala BKPM dan Menteri/Kepala Lembaga untuk mengambil langkah-langkah yang diperlukan sesuai tugas, fungsi, dan kewenangan masing-masing.
Anting Putri

Anting Putri atau dengan nama ilmiah Wrightia religiosa adalah spesies pohon dalam keluarga Apocynaceae. Anting Putri di Indonesia biasa dikenal dengan Melati Air atau Melati Hutan, tanaman ini biasa ditemukan di Indonesia, China, Malaysia, Filipina, Vietnam. Tanaman ini memiliki beberapa jenis dengan karakteristik yang berbeda-beda seperti, Anting Putri Batang Putih, Batang Hitam, Micro, Semi Micro, Bunga Tumpuk, dsb.
Anting Putri juga terkenal dengan aroma bunganya yang wangi seperti aroma melati, dan umumnya spesies ini dijadikan tanaman bonsai.
Srirejeki

Srirejeki adalah sekelompok tanaman hias populer dari genus Aglaonema dalam famili Araceae (talas-talasan). Genus Aglaonema memiliki sekitar 30 spesies. Tanaman dari genus ini umumnya berhabitat asli di daerah tropis dan subtropis di Asia dan Nugini. Tanaman ini juga dikenal sebagai malar hijau cina (Chinese evergreens).
Habitat asli tanaman srirejeki adalah di bawah hutan hujan tropis, tumbuh baik pada areal dengan intensitas penyinaran rendah dan kelembaban tinggi. Tanaman ini memiliki akar serabut serta batang yang tidak berkambium (berkayu). Daun menyirip serta memiliki pembuluh pengangkut berupa xilem dan floem yang tersusun secara acak.
Kini berbagai macam srirejeki hibrida telah berhasil dikembangkan dengan penampilan tanaman yang sangat menarik dengan bermacam-macam warna, bentuk, dan ukuran daun sehingga jauh berbeda dari spesies alami.
Beberapa spesies srirejeki diantaranya :
Rafflesia gadutensis

Rafflesia gadutensis atau cindawan harimau adalah salah satu tumbuhan parasit langka yang dapat hidup pada wilayah hutan hujan tropis. Bunga ini ditemukan oleh W. Meijer pada tahun 1984 di kawasan Ulu Gadut, Sumatera Barat. Rafflesia gadutensis memiliki ciri khas yang beda dengan bunga rafflesia yang lain. Bunga ini memiliki ukuran yang kecil dengan diameter bunga berkisar antara 40-60cm. Bunganya dapat tumbuh pada inang berupa liana menjalar, tetra lanceolarium yang termasuk ke dalam famili Vitaceace.
Rafflesia gadutensis hanya terdapat pada kota Padang, tepatnya di kawasan daerah Gunung Gadut dan kawasan daerah Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura) Bung Hatta.
Patikan kebo

Patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta) (kadang-kadang disebut tanaman asma ) adalah terna tegak dengan batang lunak yang biasanya tumbuh di tepi-tepi jalan. Tanaman ini sering digunakan sebagai ramuan obat. Oleh orang-orang desa di Filipina, diketahui tumbuhan ini dapat menyembuhkan demam berdarah. Namun, tidak ada bukti yang mendukung fakta tersebut.
Soto Medan

Soto Medan adalah hidangan khas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Bahan untuk membuat soto Medan adalah santan, daun jeruk limau, bunga lawang, lengkuas, serai, bawang merah, bawang putih, ketumbar, jintan, lada hitam, jahe, kunyit, gula, dan garam sebagai bumbu.
Soto Medan memiliki aroma yang khas yang unik karena terbuat dari santan yang pekat dan rempah-rempah yang khas. Kuah soto ini berwarna kuning kental. Selain khas dengan kuah kental dan rempah-rempahnya, soto Medan juga menggunakan suwiran daging ayam atau potongan daging sapi.
Soto Medan pertama kali muncul pada awal abad ke-20. Makanan ini pada awalnya dikenal sebagai soto Medan Batak, karena diolah oleh masyarakat Batak yang tinggal di Medan. Namun, seiring dengan berjalannya waktu, hidangan ini semakin populer di seluruh Medan dan diadopsi oleh seluruh masyarakat.
Pada masa itu, para pedagang Belanda yang tinggal di Medan membutuhkan makanan yang enak, bergizi dan dapat disesuaikan dengan selera mereka. Oleh karena itu, para ibu rumah tangga setempat memodifikasi masakan tradisional mereka dengan bahan-bahan dan rempah-rempah yang diimpor dari Eropa, seperti kentang, wortel, kacang polong, dan daging sapi.
Seiring dengan perkembangan waktu, Soto Medan semakin populer dan menjadi salah satu hidangan yang terkenal di Sumatera Utara dan bahkan di seluruh Indonesia.
Daun afrika

Daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) adalah tumbuhan semak yang berasal dari benua Afrika dan bagian lain dari Afrika, khususnya Nigeria, Kamerun dan Zimbabwe dan negara yang beriklim tropis salah satunya adalah Indonesia. Tumbuhan ini dapat ditemukan di halaman rumah, sepanjang sungai dan danau, ditepi hutan, dan di padang rumput.
Daun Afrika dapat tumbuh pada tempat yang mempunyai sinar matahari yang penuh dan memiliki lingkungan yang lembap. Tanaman Daun afrika tumbuh pada semua jenis tanah, tetapi Daun Afrika lebih tumbuh subur dan berkembang pada tanah yang kaya humus.
Daun Afrika mempunyai batang tegak, tinggi 1–3 m, bulat, berkayu, berwarna coklat; daun majemuk, anak daun berhadapan, panjang 15–25 cm, lebar 5–8 cm, berbentuk seperti ujung tombak, tepi bergerigi, ujung runcing, pangkal membulat, pertulangan menyirip, berwarna hijau tua; akartunggang, berwarna coklat kotor.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman daun Afrika banyak mengandung nutrisi dan senyawa kimia, antara lain sebagai berikut: protein 19,2%, serat 19,2%, karbohidrat 68,4%, lemak 4,7%;, asam askorbat 166,5 mg/100 g, karotenoid 30 mg/100 g, kalsium 0,97 g/ 100 g, besi 7,5 mg/100 g, fosfor, kalium, sulfur, natrium, mangan, tembaga, zink, magnesium dan selenium.
Senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam daun Afrika antara lain: saponin (vernoniosida dan steroid saponin), seskuiterpen lakton (vernolida, vernoladol, vernolepin, vernodalin dan vernomygdin), flavonoid, koumarin, asam fenolat, lignan, xanton, terpen, peptida dan luteolin. Hasil penelitian. menunjukkan bahwa daun Afrika mengandung flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, tannin, dan triterpenoid/steroid.
Daun Afrika memiliki nama lain seperti bitter leaf (daun pahit) di Nigeria, shiwaka di Nigeria bagian Utara, grawa di Amharic, ewuro di Yoruba, etidot di Ibibio, onugbu di Igbo, ityuna di Tiv, oriwo di Edo, chusar-doki di Hausa, shiwaka nan fei shu (Cina), dan daun Kupu-kupu (Malaysia). Daun Afrika juga memiliki nama daerah di Indonesia seperti daun pahit di pulau Jawa dan daun insulin di Kota Padang.
Daun afrika memiliki banyak manfaat dalam pengobatan tradisional. Dalam berbagai penelitian yang dilakukan tanaman daun afrika ini memiliki efek maupun aktivitas seperti: efek anti parasit, anti malaria, anti helmentik, anti viral, anti kanker, antikoagulan dan antithrombik, analgesik dan anti piretik, anti inflamasi, anti oksidan, liver protektan, antidiabetik, anti oksidan.
Penggunaan daun afrika sebagai obat tradisional dimulai ketika seorang farmakologi hewan mengobservasi simpanse sakit yang mengunyah daun afrika dan kondisi tubuh kembali normal. Dalziel pertama kali melaporkan daun dan ranting dari daun afrika digunakan untuk pengobatan gastrointestinal di Hausas Utara Nigeria, sedangkan dekokta dari daun afrika digunakan untuk malaria di Guinea dan batuk di Ghana.
List of largest buildings

Buildings around the world listed by usable space (volume), footprint (area), and floor space (area) comprise single structures that are suitable for continuous human occupancy. There are, however, some exceptions, including factories and warehouses.
The Aerium near Berlin, Germany is the largest uninterrupted volume in the world, while Boeing's factory in Everett, Washington, United States is the world's largest building by volume. The AvtoVAZ main assembly building in Tolyatti, Russia is the largest building in area footprint. The New Century Global Center in Chengdu, China is the largest building in terms of total floor area. Due to the incomplete nature of this list, buildings are not ranked.
Buildings around the world with the largest usable space, sorted by volume, having a volume of at least 1,000,000 m (35,000,000 cu ft):
Buildings with the largest usable floor area including multiple stories of at least 400,000 m (4,300,000 sq ft):
Other buildings which are the largest of their type:
Aalsmeer Flower Auction

Aalsmeer Flower Auction (Bloemenveiling Aalsmeer) is a flower auction that takes place in Aalsmeer, Netherlands. It is the largest flower auction in the world. The Aalsmeer Flower Auction building is the ninth largest building by floor area in the world, covering 999,000 square metres (10,750,000 sq ft; 247 acres). Flowers from all over the world — Europe, Israel, Ecuador, Colombia, Ethiopia, Kenya, and other countries — are traded every day in this gigantic building. Around 43 million flowers are sold daily. This increases by around 15 percent around special days such as Valentine's Day and Mother's Day. Their flowers are subjected to around 30 quality checks so that they can be graded on a scale (A1, A2 and B).
The auction is set up as a Dutch auction in which the price starts high and works its way down. Bidders get only a few seconds to bid on the flowers before they are sold and passed on to the new owner. On 1 January 2008, the auction company merged with its biggest competitor Royal FloraHolland.
In 2021 the organiser of the auction, Royal Flora Holland, acquired three companies that specialise in the transportation of flowers and plants: De Winter, Van Marrewijk (Wematrans) and Van Zaal. They were combined into a new transportation company called Floriway.
Ipheion uniflorum

Ipheion uniflorum is a species of flowering plant, related to the onions, placed in the allium subfamily (Allioideae) of the Amaryllidaceae. It is known by the common name springstar, or spring starflower. Along with all the species of the genus Ipheion, some sources place it in the genus Tristagma, but research published in 2010 suggested that this is not correct. It is native to Argentina and Uruguay, but is widely cultivated as an ornamental and reportedly naturalized in Great Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand and the United States.
This is a small herbaceous perennial growing from a bulb and producing flat, shiny, green, hairless, grasslike leaves up to 30 cm (12 in) long. The foliage has an onionlike scent when crushed. The stem grows up to 20 cm (8 in) tall and bears a solitary showy flower in spring (hence the Latin name uniflorum - "single flower"). Each honey-scented, star-shaped flower has six pointed lobes up to 3 centimeters long in shades of very pale to deep purple-blue.
Ipheion uniflorum has been grown in the UK since 1820, when bulbs collected from near Buenos Aires arrived in the country. It is recommended for growing in a well-drained position outside or as a long-flowering pot plant in an unheated greenhouse. Various named forms are in cultivation, some of which may be hybrids. 'Wisley Blue' is a clear lilac blue; 'Froyle Mill' is a deeper violet blue; 'Album' is white. The cultivar 'Alberto Castillo', also white, has larger flowers and was collected in the 1980s by Alberto Castillo, the owner of Ezeiza Botanical Garden, from an abandoned Buenos Aires garden. In the United States, the species is stated to be hardy to USDA Zone 5, and is recommended for massing in borders, alpine gardens and other areas, or it can be naturalized in lawns.
The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-
Isotoma axillaris

Isotoma axillaris, commonly known as rock isotome or showy isotome, is a small herbaceous perennial in the family Campanulaceae. It usually has blue or mauve star-shaped flowers from September to May. It may also be called blue star, star flower, or laurentia.
Isotoma axillaris is an upright perennial herb growing to 50 cm high with ascending stems that are often a purplish colour and covered with short, soft hairs quickly becoming smooth. The leaves are about 1.5–15 cm (0.59–5.91 in) long and 0.5–5 mm (0.020–0.197 in) wide with deep, toothed, linear lobes sharply pointed at the apex. The single blue to mauve, rarely white or pink flowers appear in the leaf axils. The flower throat is occasionally white, greenish or a yellow colour. The five flower lobes are joined to the 15–35 mm (0.59–1.38 in) long flower tube on a peduncle 3–17 cm (1.2–6.7 in) long. The lobes are elliptic to oblong shaped, 8–18 mm (0.31–0.71 in) long, but are not joined and form a star-shaped flower. The seed capsule 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) long. Flowering occurs between September and May in the species native range.
Isotoma axillaris was first formally described by botanist John Lindley in 1826 in Edward's Botanical Register. The genus name Isotoma is from the Greek isos meaning "equal" or "like" and tomos meaning "a part". The specific epithet axillaris is a Latin word meaning "of an axil", with reference to the flowers borne in the leaf axils.
Showy isotoma occurs in Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria, often in moist crevices on rocky outcrops.
I. axillaris is grown as a garden plant. It is winter hardy to about −1 °C (30 °F) (USDA Zone 10). In colder areas, it may be grown as an annual or overwintered indoors.