davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Páirc Náisiúnta Shléibhte Chill Mhantáin

Is limistéar cosanta 205 cilliméadar cearnach (51,000 acra) in Éirinn é Páirc Náisiúnta Shléibhte Chill Mhantáin, atá ar cheann d’ocht bpáirc náisiúnta sa tír. Síneann an pháirc trí Chontae Chill Mhantáin chomh maith le ceantair bheaga i mBaile Átha Cliath Theas agus Dún Laoghaire-Ráth an Dúin i gContae Bhaile Átha Cliath. Tá an pháirc suite i Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin ó dheas de Bhaile Átha Cliath. Tá an-tóir ag muintir na cathrach atá ag lorg áineasa, agus áiteanna a dtugann turasóirí agus daoine a bhfuil spéis acu sa stair cuairt orthu.
Ar cheann de na láithreacha stairiúla tá Gleann Dá Loch, ina bhfuil bailiúchán de struchtúir mhainistreacha ón Mheánaois Luath a bhaineann le Naomh Caoimhín, sagart díthreabhaigh. I measc na suíomhanna eile tá an tIonad Oideachais i dTeach Bolger, ar Bhóthar na Mianadóirí le taobh an Loch Uachtarach, Gleann Dá Loch, agus iarsmaí de shráidbhailte mianadóireachta.
I measc na ngníomhaíochtaí áineasa atá ar fáil sa pháirc tá siúl agus fánaíocht, dreapadóireacht carraige, rámhaíochta, tumadóireacht, snámh teoranta agus iascaireacht, agus go leor deiseanna le haghaidh fámaireachta agus grianghrafadóireacht. Féadfaidh turasóirí mótair an bóthar R756 a théann trí Bhearna Chill Mhantáin a thógáil. Leanann bealach tiomána sárscéimhe eile an Bóthar Míleata stairiúil atá ainmnithe R115 ó Bhaile Átha Cliath ó dheas trí lár na sléibhte go dtí sráidbhaile An Láithreach.
Cuimsíonn éagsúlacht na ngnáthóg a fhaightear sa pháirc idir bhratphortach, coillte duillsilteacha, coillte cónaifear, féarthalamh ardtalún, fraochmhá, limistéir charraigeacha nochta agus scileach. Faightear go leor speiceas planda lena n-áirítear coinnle corra, seamsóg agus anemonoides nemorosa, luzula, raithneach, polypodiacea agus speicis éagsúla caonach. I measc na gcrann atá coitianta sa pháirc tá cuileann, coll agus carthánn.
Tá roinnt speiceas de ialtóga, dobharchúnna neamhchoitianta, agus naoi speiceas éan atá faoi bhagairt nó a bhfuil tábhacht idirnáisiúnta leo, lena n-áirítear croman na gcearc, falco peregrinus agus an eala ghlórach, i gcuid d'fhiadhúlra cosanta na páirce.
Agus é molta le blianta fada, d’fhógair Cathal Ó hEoichaidh, an Taoiseach, bunú na páirce i 1988 i nGleann Dá Loch. Maoiníodh ionad léirmhínithe i 1990 agus osclaíodh an pháirc go hoifigiúil i 1991. Tá sé á bhainistiú ag an tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra faoin Roinn Ealaíon, Oidhreachta, Gnóthaí Réigiúnacha, Tuaithe agus Gaeltachta. Tá foireann na páirce freagrach as caomhnú an dúlra, cur chun cinn taighde agus oideachais, sábháilteacht an phobail agus éascú dea-chaidrimh idir an pháirc agus na pobail áitiúla. I mBealtaine 2009 fógraíodh go gcuirfí 28.33 cilliméadar cearnach (7,000 acra) leis an bpáirc. In 2016 cheannaigh an stát 19.8296 cilliméadar cearnach (4,900 acra) ó pháirtí príobháideach. Téann an réimse talún ó Cipiúr síos go Gleann an Smóil agus Taiscumar Bhóthar na Bruíne. Cuireadh an talamh le Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Mhantáin.
Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin

Is iad na Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin an ceantar sléibhe is mó in Éirinn. Síneann siad thar teorainneacha Chontae Chill Mhantáin agus isteach i gcontaetha Bhaile Átha Cliath, Loch Garman agus Cheatharlach. An chuid díobh atá i gContae Bhaile Átha Cliath, "Sléibhte Bhaile Átha Cliath" a thugtar orthu sin. Is í an bhinn is airde díobh ná Log na Coille ag 925 m (3,035 tr).
Tá daoine ina gcónaí sna sléibhte ón ré Neoiliteach i leith agus tá roinnt séadchomharthaí fós ann, go háirithe sraith tuamaí pasáiste, go dtí an lá atá inniu ann. Lárionad tábhachtach de chuid na hEaglaise Luatha in Éirinn ba ea an mhainistir i nGleann Dá Loch a bhunaigh Naomh Caoimhín ag deireadh an 6ú haois. Tar éis ionradh na Normannach sa 12ú haois, bhí Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin mar dhaingean agus ina n-ionad folaithe do chlanna Éireannacha in aghaidh riail Shasana. Bhí feachtas ciapadh ar bun ag na teaghlaigh Uí Bhroin agus Uí Thuathail in aghaidh na lonnaitheoirí ar feadh beagnach cúig chéad bliain. Níos déanaí, chothaigh na sléibhte reibiliúnaigh le linn Éirí Amach 1798. Tháinig deireadh le gníomhaíocht na reibiliúnach tar éis tógáil Bhóthar Míleata Chill Mhantáin ag tús an 19ú haois agus thosaigh na sléibhte ag mealladh turasóirí go dtí fothracha Ghleann Dá Loch agus chun na radharcra sléibhte a feiceáil.
Tá an limistéar ardtailte ar fad ainmnithe mar Limistéar Caomhantais Speisialta agus mar Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta faoi dhlí An Aontais Eorpaigh. Bunaíodh Páirc Náisiúnta Shléibhte Chill Mhantáin i 1991 chun an bhithéagsúlacht agus an tírdhreach áitiúil a chaomhnú.
Faigheann Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin a n-ainm ó Chontae Chill Mhantáin agus is as baile Chill Mhantáin a thagann a ainm. Ainmníodh Cill Mhantáin as aspal de chuid Naomh Pádraig sa seanchas. Eascraíonn an t-ainm Béarla ar an áit, Wicklow, ón Sean-Lochlainnis Wykynglo nó Wykinlo. Níor bunaíodh Cill Mhantáin mar chontae go dtí 1606; roimhe sin, ba mar chuid de Chontae Bhaile Átha Cliath é a chaitheadh na Sasanaigh leis. Le linn na meánaoise, sular bunaíodh Contae Chill Mhantáin, thagair lucht riaracháin Shasana i mBaile Átha Cliath don réigiún mar Sléibhte Laighean.
Ainm luath do cheantar iomlán Shléibhte Chill Mhantáin ab ea Cualu, nó Cuala sa lá atá inniu ann (feictear é seo fós in ainm na sléibhe Ó Cualann). Tá ainmneacha stairiúla ann freisin ar chríocha éagsúla sna sléibhte a bhí faoi smacht ag clanna dúchasacha: thugtaí Cualann nó Fir Chualann ('Fercullen' i mBéarla) ar an taobh thuaidh de Chill Mhantáin agus de Bhaile Átha Cliath Theas, agus glacann Gleann Uí Mháil a ainm ó chríoch na hUí Mháil. Bhí craobh de chlann Uí Bhroin darbh ainm Gabhal Raghnaill (Gaval Rannall) i seilbh ar an cheantair thart ar Ghleann Molúra, ar a dtugtaí Gaval-Rannall nó Ranelagh.
Thugtaí Sliabh Ruadh ar na sléibhte fadó freisin.
Giolaspar

Is cnoc le airde 342 m (1,122 tr) san cuid oirthuaisceart is faide de na Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin in Éirinn é Giolaspar. Níl an t-ingearchló aige chun céim a dhéanamh ar scálaí Arderin, Hewitt, nó Vandeleur-Lynam, áfach, tá a fheiceálacht 247 m (810 tr) rangaíonn sé mar Marilyn.
Tá Giolaspar suite soir ó thuaidh ó Ó Cualann, ach scartha amach ag débhealach an N11. Breathnaíonn an taobh thuaidh de Giolaspar díreach thar baile Bhré; breathnaíonn an taobh thoir trasna an R761 idir Bré agus na Clocha Liatha go fána thiar Cheann Bhré. Tá próifíl shainiúil ag cruinniú mullaigh dúbailte creagach ag Giolaspar. Cosúil leis Ó Cualann, tá sé comhdhéanta de bhuncharraig grianchlochít ón Tréimhse Chambriach.
Tugann an t-acadaí Éireannach Paul Tempan faoi deara gur dócha gur aistriúchán den Bhéarla "gilt spur" é an t-ainm Gaeilge Giolspar, bunaithe ar thaifead ar idirbheart talún ón 12ú haois le Diarmaid Mac Murchada a bhain le híocaíocht péire de "gilt spurs" dó agus dá oidhrí ar bhonn bliantúil.
Ráth Michíl

Is bruachbhaile soir ó dheas ó Bhaile Átha Cliath, i limistéar rialtais áitiúil Dhún Laoghaire-Ráth an Dúin é Ráth Michíl, in aice le teorainn theas Chontae Bhaile Átha Cliath. Tá sé suite siar ó Seanchill óna bhfuil sé, scartha go garbh ag mótarbhealaí an M50/M11. Is paróiste sibhialta é freisin i mbarúntacht Ráth an Dúin.
Is cosúil gur ó chaimiléireacht Bhéarla a tháinig an t-ainm Gaeilge nua-aimseartha Ráth Mhichíl. Mar sin, is dócha gur ó Ráth Mhic Táil a tháinig Ráth Michíl.
Is bruachbhaile saibhir é Ráth Michíl, arb é is sainairíonna ann réimsí fairsinge teaghaisí íseal dlúis, le tithe móra agus gairdíní scaipthe le limistéir oscailte. Éiríonn sé siar i dtreo Chnoc Charraig Uí Logáin ag bunchnoic Sléibhte Bhaile Átha Cliath. Féachann simléir na mianaigh luaidhe Baile Mhic Fheorais agus fothracha Caisleán an Phúca ar an taobh thuaidh de Carraig Uallacháin thar an gceantar. Tagann rionnt sruthanna beaga le chéile chun Sruthán na Coille nó Sruthán Chruincín a chruthú sa cheantar, ag srutha isteach san fharraige ó thuaidh de Bhré.
Tá fothrach eaglaise le fáil in aice le hiarsmaí de cheann de na ráthanna is mó in Éirinn. Creidtear go bhfuil an séipéal tiomnaithe do naomh ar a dtugtar Mac Táil, a truaillithe níos déanaí mar “Michael”.
Ag foirceann thiar an tséipéil tá iarsmaí de cloigtheach, 2 m (6.6 tr) ar airde. Tá imlíne 16 m (51 tr) aige. Tugtar “The Skull Hole” ar an túr go háitiúil, tagairt don ócáid nuair a cuirtear cloigeann agus cnámha ón reilig ann seachas iad a bheith curtha arís nuair a glanadh an reilig chun spás breise a chruthú. Tá scéal ann faoi phasáiste faoin talamh a théann ón gcloigeann go dtí an fharraige agus faoi phíobaire a shíolraigh isteach sa phasáiste ag seinm a uirlise nach bhfeicfear arís. Fuarthas iarsmaí pasáiste – uaimh thalún b’fhéidir – gar don túr. Is Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta é an suíomh.
Tá dhá scoil, Scoil Náisiúnta Pharóiste Ráth Michíl, ceangailte le Eaglais na hÉireann, Paróiste Ráth Michíl, agus Scoil Náisiúnta Naomh Anna. Bhí Scoil Ullmhúcháin Aravon, a dúnadh in 2013, ar an scoil is sine dá leithéid in Éirinn, agus í 151 bliain d’aois.
I láthair freisin tá Club Gailf Old Conna (ar Bóthar Ghleanntán na Raithní), Séipéal agus reilig Ráth Michíl (Eaglais na hÉireann), agus an teach is sine i ndeisceart Chontae Bhaile Átha Cliath, The Old Glebe House; Seans gur scríobh Jonathan Swift cuid de Gulliver's Travels agus é ag fanacht anseo.
Caisleán Chúil Choll

Teach daingnithe ón 16ú haois agus Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta atá suite i gContae Loch Garman, Éire, is ea Caisleán Chúil Choll.
Tá Caisleán Chúil Choll suite i ndeisceart Chontae Loch Garman in aice le Cuan Banú, 4.6 km (2.9 mhíle) soir ó dheas ó Dhroichead Eoin.
Níl aon tagairtí stairiúla ann do Chaisleán Chúil Choll cé go bhfuil a fhios go raibh talamh ag John Devereux i gCúil Choll sa bhliain 1640.
Tá túr seirbhíse ceithre stór agus bloc dronuilleogach trí stór ceangailte le halla ar leibhéal an chéad urláir i gCaisleán an Choill. Tá forbhallaí Éireannacha ag an dá rannóg. Tá bartasán san oirthuaisceart. Tá doras an túir cosanta ag poll lámhaigh. I measc na ngnéithe eile tá teallaigh agus losáin.
Padraic Colum

Scríbhneoir bisiúil Éireannach ab ea Padraic Colum (8 Nollaig 1881 – 11 Eanáir 1972). Bhí sé ar phríomhphearsaí Athbheochan Litríochta na hÉireann, in éineacht lena bhean chéile Mary Colum. Scríobh sé filíocht, úrscéalta, drámaí, neamhfhicsean agus leabhair do pháistí.
Rugadh Colum mar Patrick Columb i dteach na mbocht i gContae an Longfoirt, mar a raibh a athair ag obair. Eisean an chéad pháiste de ochtar a rugadh dóibh. Nuair a chaill a athair a phost sa bhliain 1889, thug sé aghaidh ar Mheiriceá le páirt a ghlacadh i ruaig óir in Colorado. D'fhan Padraic agus na páistí eile lena máthair in Éirinn. Tháinig athair Coluim ar ais sa bhliain 1892, agus thug an chlann ar fad aghaidh go Glas Tuathail, i aice Bhaile Átha Cliath. Fostaíodh an t-athair mar leasbhainisteoir stáisiún traenach Chuas an Ghainimh agus Ghlas Tuathail. Chuaigh Pádraic go dtí an scoil náisiúnta áitiúil.
I ndiaidh do Susan Columb bás a fháil sa bhliain 1897, briseadh an chlann suas ar feadh tamaill. D'fhan Padraic agus deartháir amháin leis i mBaile Átha Cliath, agus chuaigh a n-athair ar ais go Longfort leis na páistí eile. Chuir Colum críoch lena chuid scolaíochta an bhliain ina dhiaidh agus, in aois a 17 mbliana, d'éirigh leis i scrúdú agus tugadh post dó mar chléireach san Irish Railway Clearing House. D'fhan sé sa phost sin go 1903.
Ba sa tréimhse seo a thug Colum faoin scríbhneoireacht agus a casadh roinnt mórscríbhneoirí na hÉireann air, W. B. Yeats, Lady Gregory agus Æ ina measc. Chuaigh sé le Conradh na Gaeilge agus bhí sé ar an gcéad bhord ar Amharclann na Mainistreach.
Mar eagarthóir:
Cluichí Oilimpeacha

Is eachtra spóirt idirnáisiúnta iad na Cluichí Oilimpeacha a bhíonn ar siúl gach ceithre bliana. Imrítear go leor spórt éagsúla sna cluichí, agus tá cluichí ar leith ann do spóirt an tSamhraidh agus spóirt an Gheimhridh. Bunaíodh na Cluichí Oilimpeacha in Oilimpia na Sean-Ghréige, agus athbhunaíodh iad arís sa Fhrainc ag deireadh an 19ú haois.
Sa lá inniu, is é Coiste Idirnáisiúnta na gCluichí Oilimpeacha a eagraíonn na cluichí nua-aimseartha.
Ba faoi ainm na Breataine a rinne Éireannaigh iomaíocht ag Cluichí Oilimpeacha na hAithne sa bhliain 1896, i bPáras i 1900 agus in St. Louis i 1904.
Faoin am a dtáinig 1908 bhí roinnt de lúthchleasaithe na hÉireann ag éileamh go bhfaigheadh siad cead iomaíochta ar son a dtíre féin. Diúltaíodh dóibh, ach nuair a bhuail faitíos an lucht eagair go ndéanfadh na hÉireannaigh baghcat ar an ócáid, thoiligh siad ‘Great Britain and Ireland’ a thabhairt ar an bhfoireann. Ceadaíodh foireann haca agus foireann póló de chuid na tíre seo sa gcomórtas freisin mar chuid den réiteach.
Cé nár shásaigh sin chuile dhuine bhí roinnt áithrid Éireannach a bhí sásta dul san iomaíocht agus faoin am a raibh na Cluichí thart bhí 23 bonn Oilimpeach buaite ag lúthchleasaithe a saolaíodh sa tír seo.
Sa tábla seo tá sonraí na gcluichí ó 1896 (nuair a athbhunaíodh na cluichí) go dtí na cluichí is déanaí, chomh maith leis na cluichí atá deimhnithe as seo amach. Cealaíodh na cluichí i 1916, 1940 agus 1944 mar gheall ar na cogaí domhanda a bhí ar siúl.
Annála Mhainistir na Búille

Croinic ar Éirinn na meánaoise is ea Annála Mhainistir na Búille, ar a nglaoitear fosta Annála Cotton. Baineann na hiontrálacha leis an tréimhse go dtí an bhliain 1253. Meastar gurb ar shaothar de chuid Croinic na hÉireann é, bhíodh is i bhfoirm achoimre.
De réir Robin Flower, scríobhadh an bunleagan i dTeach Premonstratensian (Norbertine) ar oileán suite i Loch Cé, bunaithe féin b'fhéidir ar téacs níos luaite. Bhain scríbhneoirí d'Annála Loch Cé úsáid as. Tháinig an lámhscríbhinn i seilbh na Croftons, agus chonaic Ussher í ansin. Is dócha gurbh eisean a thug an teideal Annála Mhainistir na Búille di. Tháinig Oliver St John, Viscount Grandison of Limerick i seilbh uirthi, a thug í do Sir Robert Cotton sa bhliain 1630. Tháinig an lámhscríbhinn i dteannta lena leabharlann sa British Museum isteach sa bhliain 1753.
Tá na hannála scríofa go formhór as Gaeilge, ach tá roinnt iontrálacha as Laidin. Toisc gur cóipeadh iad focal ar fhocal óna bhfoinsí, tá suim ar leith iontu ag idir staraithe agus teangeolaithe ar aon.
Caomhnaítear an lámhscríbhinn sa British Library, faoin tagairt Cotton MS Titus A XXV (ainmnithe as Robert Cotton).
Tomhaidhm

Is feiniméan luaite i Miotaseolaíocht na nGael é tomhaidhm (Sean-Ghaeilge tomaidm), ina cruthaítear loch go tobann as an talamh, go minic agus uaigh á tochailt. Is léir go bhfuil ar a laghad cuid dá leithéid de scéalta bunaithe ar athruithe tobanna hidreagrafacha ar mhachairí aolchloiche intíre nó turlaigh. Cuireann tomhaidhméanna, mar a thugtar orthu, i leith béala na mara, cuanta agus góilíní, ina measc Cuan na Gaillimhe, Loch Cuan, Cuan Dhún Droma, Loch Lao, Cuan Phort Láirge agus béal na hÉirne. Bhí clú ar leith ag roinnt dóibh siúd le haghaidh coillte báite réamhstairiúla, a spreag miotais thuile éagsúla.
Bhí seánra ar leith ag filí na meánaoise darb ainm tomamond. Caomhnaítear scéalta níos mó nó níos lú saothraithe ón 11ú agus 12ú haois faoi Chuan na Gaillimhe, Loch nEathach agus Loch Rí, a bhfuil, is amhlaidh, gaolta le scéalta den chineál céanna (bíodh is níos lú ársa) sa Bhreatain Bheag (Cantre'r Gwaelod, Llys Helig, Bala Lake, Llynclys), i gCorn na Breataine (Lyonesse), sa Bhriotáin (Ys) agus sa Normainn (Forêt de Scissy). Sa Bhreatain Bheag, forbraítear miotas na Díle sa scéal Dwyfan y Dwyfach, a thóg daoine agus ainmnithe slán ón Díle déanta ag an arracht Avanc ina chónaí in Llyn Llion (Bala Lake b'fhéidir). Luann seanscéal Freaslannais ón 16ú haois, is amhlaidh bunaithe ar scéalta na nGael, do chruthú an Zuiderzee.
Déanann téacsanna Gaelacha eile trácht air thomhaidhm na Bóinne agus aibhneacha áille. Is caillte iad na dáin faoi thomhaidhm Loch Éirne agus Brí (áit chónaithe Mhidhire).
Ní féidir gach loch atá luaite i bhfoinsí na meánaoise a aithint go cruinn. Mar shampla, b'fhéidir gur tagairt eile do Loch Lao é Loch Lainglinne.
Is amhlaidh gur chreid Éireannaigh na meánaoise gur cruthaíodh gach loch na tíre, nach mór, tar éis na Díle. Deir a miotais go mb'fhéidir go ndeachaigh míntíriú talún agus dífhoraoisiú as lámh a chéile le tuile shéasúrach de mhachairí ísle. De réir téacs den Leabhar Gabhála na hÉireann, d'aimsigh Parthalán ach trí loch nó chuan: Loch Fordremain de Shliabh Mis na Mumhan (Bá Thrá Lí); Loch Lumnig (Loch Lurgan nó Cuan na Gaillimhe, is amhlaidh) ar Tir Find; agus Loch Ceara ar theorainn Iorrais. Is suimiúil go leor é nach luaitear roinnt loch agus inbhear mór, ina measc Loch Coirib, Loch Deirgeirt, Inbhear na Sionainne agus An Caoláire Rua i miotas ar bith a bhfuil eolas ar. D'fhéadfaí a rá de bharr seo gur aithníodh go mícheart ar a laghad roinnt tomhaidhmeanna le locha níos lú.Teimpléad:Citation needed
Tagairtí: ACM 2532, 2533, 2535;
Tagairtí: ACM, 2859;
Tagairt: Annála na gCeithre Máistrí, 3506
Tagairt: Annála na gCeithre Máistrí, 3581
Tagairt: Annála na gCeithre Máistrí, 3790
Tagairt: Annála na gCeithre Máistrí, AD 682
Ó Cualann

Ag 501 m (1,644 tr) tá Ó Cualann an 404ú sliabh is airde in Éireann ar an scála Arderin,​​ áfach toisc go bhfuil sé faoi 600 m ní thugtar san áireamh é ar scála Vandeleur-Lynam nó Hewitt. Tá an sliabh sa chuid is faide soir ó thuaidh de Shléibhte Chill Mhantáin, in Éirinn, agus féachann sé thar shráidbhaile Chill Mocheanóg.
Féachann an Great Sugar Loaf ar shráidbhailte Chill Mocheanóg agus Deilgne, agus é díreach ó thuaidh ó Ghleann Dá Ghrua . Suíonn an sliabh amach ó na príomh beanna in aice láimhe de Shléibhte Chill Mhantáin, mar Mhálainn 570 m (1,870 tr) agus Dioghais 725 m (2,379 tr), agus bíonn bóithre timpeall air ar gach taobh.
Is minic a mhearbhalltar idir dhá ghualainn bheag thuaidh agus theas Ó Cualann mar an Giolaspar, ach luíonn an sliabh seo soir ar an taobh eile de mhótarbhealach bóthair an N11 ag Cill Mocheanóg .
Cé nach bhfuil ach 501m (1,644 tr) agus é ingearchló, tugann scoiteacht an Bhuilín Mór ó Chnoic eile feiceálacht mhór comhréireach de 216 (709 tr) dó., agus cháilíonn sé mar Marilyn. Ina theannta sin, cuireann na fánaí géara agus cuma bholcánach an Great Sugar Loaf le sainiúlacht a phróifíle.
Tá Ó Cualann comhdhéanta de bhuncharraig grianchlochít ón Tréimhse Chambrianach (ar a dtugtar Foirmíocht Cheann Bhré ), i gcodarsnacht le sléibhte cruinne Chill Mhantáin ar an taobh thiar, atá déanta den chuid is mó d’ eibhear ón Ré Deavónach. Ceaptar go coitianta gur bolcán díomhaoin é Ó Cualann freisin, ach ina ionad sin is sil-leagan dríodraithe meiteamorfaithe ón domhainfharraige atá in aghaidh an chreimthe. Tá Grianchlochít Chambrianach meiteamorfaithe ó ghaineamhchloch ag bun na n-aigéan domhain thar a bheith frithsheasmhach don síonchaitheamh.
Bhí gleann Chill Mocheanóg, a bhfuil an Great Sugar Loaf ag breathnú air, mar chuid de bhealach réigiúnach draenála leá-uisce fo-oighreachta thuaidh-theas a chuimsigh an Scalp (ó thuaidh) agus Gleann Dá Ghrua (soir theas).
Bíonn an-tóir ag siúlóirí cnoic ar Ó Cualann mar gheall ar a chóngareacht do Bhaile Átha Cliath, rochtain ó mhótarbhealach an N11, agus cosáin measartha caite nach dteastaíonn buataisí fánaíochta iomlána ná scileanna loingseoireachta.
Is ón deisceart an bealach is éasca, ag tosú ó charrchlós mór seanbhunaithe (O235119) atá suite amach ó lár bhóthar an Lána Dheirg (ar a dtugtar freisin an bóthar L1031) a ritheann feadh theorainn theas an tsléibhe; tá an carrchlós cheana féin ag airde circa 290 m (950 tr), agus mar sin níl an t-ingearchló iomlán dreapadóireachta riachtanach ach 210 m (690 tr). Tógann an bealach 3.5 ciliméadar ón gcarrchlós go dtí an mullach agus ar ais idir 1-1.5 uair an chloig, agus folaíonn sé siúlóid thar chosáin móinteach cothrom agus san deireadh ag dul suas trí roinnt lintéar creagach.
Is féidir bealach níos faide a dhéanamh ón taobh thoir, ag tosú ó níos ísle síos ag carrchlós CLG Chill Mocheanóg (O233141); Tógann an bealach 5 chiliméadar seo ón gcarrchlós go dtí an mullach agus ar ais 2-2.5 uair an chloig, agus is ar chosáin mhóinteach den chuid is mó é le roinnt codanna de sceallach agus gairbhéal.
Sléibhte Mhám Toirc

Sliabhraon in iarthuaisceart Chontae na Gaillimhe thiar thuaidh is ea Sléibhte Mhám Toirc. Níl an pointe is airde ach 702 méadar os cionn lebhéil na farraige. Is fearr leis an gcuid is mó de na siúliórí Na Beanna Beola atá suite in aice le Sléibhte Mhám Toirc, ach de réir dealramh tá radharc álainn fós le feiceáil ó bharr an tsliabhraoin.
"The Mountains of Connemara: a hill walker's guide" (ISBN 0-9504002-4-6)
Sléibhte an Chomaraigh

Sliabhraon i gContae Phort Láirge is ea Sléibhte an Chomaraigh nó na Comaraigh (792m).
Gaineamhchloch is ea geolaíocht an cheantair. Bhí foraoisí coitianta anseo uair amháin. In 1643 dúirt Sir Charles Vavasour gur fhás coillte darach sa cheantar. Gearradh iad tar éis Cogaí Chromail.
Tarlaíonn lonnaíocht réamhstairiúil i ngleann uachtarach Airglinn le linn na haoise cré-umha.
An Seanphobal

Sráidbhaile Gaeltachta i ndeisceart na hÉireann is ea an Seanphobal.
Tá sé suite in iarthar Chontae Phort Láirge i nGaeltacht na nDéise os cionn na lonnaíochtaí seo leanas: Maoil a’ Chóirne, Baile na nGall, Heilbhic. Limistéar ciúin tuaithe atá ann, gar d'Aird Mhór. Paróiste cuibheasach mór atá ann (cúig chiliméadar cearnach is tríocha).
Tá roinnt seirbhísí poiblí ar fáil ann, mar shampla bunscoil agus séipéal. Sa bhliain 2003, ceadaíodh pleanáil d’ionad pobail agus do naíolann in aice leis agus soir ón séipéal, le rochtain go talamh cúil agus páirc sacair sa todhchaí.
Deirtear gur bhunaigh Naomh Colmán an Seanphobal i bhfad sular tháinig Naomh Pádraig go hÉirinn agus fiú sular tháinig Naomh Deaglán go dtí Aird Mhór. Roimh an Drochshaol bhí an daonra i bhfad níos mó ná mar atá sé anois.
An ghné is mó de dhéantús an duine ar líne an chósta ná teach solais Mhion Ard is ea -- téann a stair siar go dtí an bhliain 1851. Tá líne an chósta contúirteach go leor agus mar sin is léir tá an teach solais riachtanach.
Struchtúr eile de dhéantús an duine is ea an Chailleach Béara: seo tuama meigiliteach a théann siar go dtí 2,000 RC. Léiríonn na radhairc ar oirthear Phort Láirge agus Chontae Loch Garman go dtí Rinn Duáin agus níos faide soir cén fáth gur roghnaíodh an áit seo leis an tuama a thógáil.
Cuimsíonn líne an chósta (in aice leis an mbá, an Mheá) muirdhreach aillte, thart ar seachtó méadar in airde, agus roinnt silteán sruthanna agus bánna beaga freisin. Meallann an féarach ar na haillte a lán éan mara. Taitníonn an ceantar leo siúd a bhfuil suim acu sa dúlra agus sna héin.
Tá cumann de chuid CLG sa cheantar - is í an pheil an spórt is mó a imrítear ann. Bhuaigh na Shocks Craobh Shóisear an Chontae sa bhliain 1949. Imríonn iománaithe an cheantair le foireann na Rinne.
Is de shliocht Maurice Daley iad Richard J. Daley agus Richard M. Daley, a bhí mar mhéaraí ar Chicago ar feadh tamaill fhada. D'fhág Maurice An Seanphobal sa dara leath den 19ú céad.
Wicklow Mountains National Park

Wicklow Mountains National Park (Irish: Páirc Náisiúnta Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin) is a 205-square-kilometre (51,000-acre) protected area in Ireland, one of eight national parks in the country. The park stretches through County Wicklow as well as small areas of South Dublin and Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown in County Dublin. The park is located in the Wicklow Mountains a short distance south of Dublin. It contains a variety of attractions that are popular with city dwellers seeking recreation, and areas visited by tourists and history enthusiasts.
Chief among the historic sites is Glendalough, which features a collection of Early Medieval monastic structures associated with St Kevin, a hermit priest. Other sites include the Education Centre in Bolger's Cottage, on the Miners' Road by the Upper Lake, Glendalough, and remnants of mining villages.
Recreational activities available within the park include walking and hiking, rock climbing, rowing, diving, limited swimming and fishing, and many opportunities for sightseeing and photography. Motor tourists may take the R756 road which passes through the Wicklow Gap. Another scenic driving route follows the historic Military Road designated R115 from the Dublin Hills south through the centre of the mountains to Laragh village.
The variety of habitats found in the park ranges through blanket bog, deciduous woods, coniferous woods, upland grassland, heath, exposed rocky areas and scree. Numerous plant species including bluebells, wood sorrel and wood anemones, woodrush, bracken, polypody fern and various species of mosses are found. Among trees common in the park are holly, hazel and mountain ash.
Some of the protected wildlife of the park are several species of bats, rare otters, and nine threatened or internationally important species of birds including the hen harrier, peregrine falcon and whooper swan.
Having been proposed for many years, establishment of the park was announced by Charles Haughey, the Taoiseach in 1988, at Glendalough. An interpretative centre was financed in 1990 and the park officially opened in 1991. It is managed by the National Parks and Wildlife Service under the Department of Arts, Heritage, Regional, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs. Park staff are responsible for nature conservation, promotion of research and education, public safety and facilitation of good relations between the park and surrounding communities.
In May 2009 an addition of 28.33 square kilometres (7,000 acres) to the park was announced.
In 2016 the state purchased an additional 19.8296 square kilometres (4,900.0 acres) from a private party. The tract of land goes from Kippure down to Glenasmole Valley and Bohernabreena Reservoir. The land was added to the Wicklow National Park.
List of loughs of Ireland

This is an alphabetical list of loughs (lakes) on the island of Ireland. It also shows a table of the largest loughs. The word lough is pronounced like loch (/lɒk, lɒx/) and comes from the Irish loch, meaning lake.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency, there are an estimated 12,000 lakes in the Republic of Ireland, covering an area of more than 1,200 square kilometres. The largest lough, by area, in Ireland is Lough Neagh. Lough Corrib is the second largest, and is the largest in the Republic. The largest lough, by water volume, is Lough Neagh, with Lough Mask being the largest in the Republic.
The list below contains only those loughs that are of geographic, geological, or historical importance and almost all of them are over a square kilometre in area. It includes loughs that are in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Those partly or wholly within Northern Ireland are marked with an asterisk (*).
The largest freshwater loughs in Ireland are:
Muckross Lake (the middle lake of the Killarney lakes) is the deepest Irish lake, with a maximum depth of 75 metres.
(Volume = Area * Mean Depth)
Lakes with the county/counties where they are situated and their area in square kilometres. Most of the Republic of Ireland lake areas are taken from the Environmental Protection Agency's A Reference based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes (pp. 10–13)
An example of a brackish lagoon is Lady's Island Lake, County Wexford
Ross Lake (Ireland)

Ross Lake (Irish: Loch an Rois) is a freshwater lake in the west of Ireland. It is part of the Lough Corrib catchment in County Galway.
Ross Lake measures about 3 km (1.9 mi) long and 1 km (0.6 mi) wide. It is located about 15 km (9 mi) northwest of Galway city, near the village of Moycullen.
Fish species in Ross Lake include perch, roach, bream, pike and the critically endangered European eel. The lake is part of the Ross Lake and Woods Special Area of Conservation.
List of lakes and lochs of the United Kingdom

The list of lakes, lochs, loughs and llyns of the United Kingdom is a link page for some large lakes of the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland), including lochs fully enclosed by land.
Lakes in Scotland are called lochs, and in Northern Ireland loughs (pronounced the same way, i.e. (/lɒç/)). In Wales a lake is called a llyn. The words "loch" and "lough", in addition to referring to bodies of freshwater ("lakes"), are also applied to bodies of brackish water or seawater, which in other countries or contexts may be called fjord, firth, estuary, bay etc. In particular, the term "sea-loch" is used in Scotland in this way, as the English language equivalent of 'fjord'. (There are many examples, including Loch Carron, Loch Torridon etc.)
Some of the largest lakes in England and Wales are man-made reservoirs or lakes whose size has been increased by damming.
This table includes the ten largest fresh water bodies by area. Lough Neagh is the largest water body in the UK by this measure, although Loch Ness is the largest by volume and contains nearly double the amount of water in all the lakes of England and Wales combined. Loch Morar is the deepest of the UK's lakes and Loch Awe the longest. Murray and Pullar (1910) note that the mean depth of Loch Ness is 57.4% of the maximum depth – higher than in any other large deep loch in Scotland. The deepest lake in England is Wast Water which descends to 76 metres (249 ft).
These are largely 'natural' but some have minor modifications to regulate their outflow.
Hollywood, County Wicklow

Hollywood (Irish: Cillín Chaoimhín, meaning 'Kevin's small church') is a village in west County Wicklow, Ireland. It is 15 km (9 mi) south of Naas on the Wicklow Gap road near its junction with the N81 road. It is known for its pre-1950s themed fair which takes place in August of every year. A population of less than 100 people registered in the 2002 Census, though the community draws from a larger area which consists of about 500 people. The village is in a civil parish of the same name.
Cillín Chaoimhín is the associated Irish name for Hollywood; its literal translation being Kevin's Small Church. Another, older Irish name is Cnoic Rua, literally meaning Red Hill. This may be a reference to the red berries of holly trees on the hills above the village or it may in fact be a reference to the presence of Wicklow heather. Another possibility is that the original name for Hollywood may have been Holy Wood, as a reference to Saint Kevin's passage through.
The village has an association with 6th Century Saint Kevin and many pilgrims passed through, following in Saint Kevin's footsteps, on their way to the monastic settlement at Glendalough, until the practice ceased in the early 1900s. Local landmarks include Saint Kevin's Chair, and Saint Kevin's Cave. Saint Kevin's Way is a 30 km pilgrim path from Hollywood to Glendalough, and is connected to the Wicklow Mountains National Park.
The Church of Ireland in the village church has a vaulted roof from the 17th century. About 3 km northeast of the village is Poulaphouca, where the Liffey cascades in three stages. The Poulaphouca Reservoir (also known as Blessington Lakes), which cover about 5,000 acres (20 km) or 20 km, were formed in the mid-20th century by the building of the Poulaphouca Dam and hydroelectric power station, and today serve the purpose of providing the power and water that supply County Dublin.
The Bronze Age Piper's Stones, are 3.5 km to the southwest of Hollywood on the N81. The site is signposted.
Hollywood, like its namesake in California, has a connection to the entertainment industry. It has provided a setting for several films, including King Arthur, Dancing at Lughnasa, and Michael Collins. An imitation of the iconic Hollywood Sign overlooks the village from a nearby hill. It also gave its name to an album by The Voice Squad which was recorded in St Kevin's Church.
Avoca, County Wicklow

Avoca (Irish: Abhóca, formerly Abhainn Mhór, meaning 'the great river') is a small town near Arklow, in County Wicklow, Ireland. It is situated on the River Avoca.
The Avoca area has been associated with its copper mines for many years and the valley has been celebrated by Thomas Moore in the song "The Meeting of the Waters". The name of the song derives from the meeting of the Avonmore and Avonbeg rivers, about 3 kilometres from the village of Avoca. The song is said to have been written under a tree, the stump of which remains by the Meetings. Avoca is also famous for its handweaving, with Avoca Handweavers based there.
Avoca has been used as a filming location for several films and television series. The BBC series Ballykissangel was filmed there. In 1967, Avoca was one of the locations used in the film Jules Verne's Rocket to the Moon, and it was the setting for the comedy film Zonad which had a general Irish release in 2010.
The red kite, recently reintroduced to Ireland, is now commonly seen in and around Avoca.
Avoca was once known as Newbridge. It subsequently became known as Ovoca, and then in Victorian times as Avoca. Ptolemy mentions the river Oboka on his early map of Ireland. The official name of the village is now Avoca in English and Abhóca in Irish. None of the other names are used today.
Copper mining is reported to have begun in the Avoca River valley around 1720 and it continued, with interruptions, until 1982. Earlier mining, perhaps dating back to the Bronze Age, may have occurred. The East Avoca site, today, is composed mainly of a number of rock waste spoil heaps, abandoned quarries (Cronebane and East Avoca open pits) and disused roads. The largest spoil heap, Mount Platt, was built up from waste rock excavated from Cronebane open pit. There was a mineral tramway built from the West Avoca mines, through the village (on the opposite side of the river) and on to Arklow Harbour. The route of most of this was subsumed into the Dublin-Rosslare railway line, but an arch and a tunnel under the road from Rathdrum to Avoca remains.
Avoca lies on the R752 regional road linking Rathnew with Woodenbridge. The village is served by Bus Éireann route 133 from Dublin (66 km) and Wicklow (21 km) to Arklow (10 km), with two departures in each direction on Mondays to Saturdays and one each way on Sundays.
There has been some local political pressure to reopen Avoca railway station, from which passenger services were withdrawn on 3 March 1964, almost 101 years after its opening, on the Dublin-Rosslare railway line, on 18 July 1863.
Avoca has a town twinning agreement with Bromham, Wiltshire in England.
Notes
List of Irish uprisings

Since the 16th century, there has been a series of uprisings against British rule in Ireland. These uprisings played a major role in the formation of Irish nationalism and republicanism. After the Irish Rebellion of 1798, such uprisings became more revolutionary and republican in nature. Following the Irish War of Independence, the partition of Ireland and the creation of the autonomous Irish Free State in twenty-six of Ireland's thirty-two counties in 1922; with the exception of the Irish Civil War, most but not all subsequent insurgent activity in Ireland occurred within the six counties of Northern Ireland, which continued to be part of the United Kingdom.
Murlough Nature Reserve

Murlough Nature Reserve is a dune heathland on the coast of County Down in Northern Ireland, near Newcastle. It is on a peninsula between Dundrum Bay and Murlough Bay (Irish: Murlach, meaning 'sea inlet') and has views of Slieve Donard, the highest peak in the Mourne Mountains. Its 6,000-year-old sand dune system has been managed by the National Trust since 1967, when it became Ireland's first nature reserve. It is also home to Murlough Beach.
At 697 acres, it is the largest dune heathland in Ireland, with a network of paths and boardwalks through the dunes. Breeding birds include meadow pipit, Eurasian skylark, common cuckoo, European stonechat, common linnet and common reed bunting. Shorehauling grey seal and common seals are also common in the area. Between 50 and 130 common and grey seals regularly use the area for moulting, resting and feeding. Rare plants local to the site are pyramidal orchid and carline thistle.
On the Dundrum Bay side of the nature reserve is Murlough Beach, a shingle beach and four-mile-long Blue Flag beach.
Grid ref: J414351.
In 1857, Arthur Hill, 4th Marquess of Downshire built Murlough House as a summer residence on the peninsula. A wooden bridge was built connecting to Keel Point, replaced in 1893 with the current granite one.
The house and sand dunes were extensively used by the US Army during the Second World War. In 1942 the US 1st Battalion, 13th Armored (1st Division) arrived followed by the 818th Tank Destroyer Battalion (XV Corps) in April 1944.
Several rare moths and butterflies can be found within the reserve. 23 butterfly species have been recorded at Murlough NNR, the marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia), is of European importance - other notable species include dark-green fritillary (Argynnis aglaja), grayling (Hipparchia semele) and cryptic wood white (Leptidea juvernica). One species, the wall brown butterfly (Lasiommata megera) has not been recorded for several years. 787 species of moth have been recorded at Murlough Nature Reserve - examples include small elephant hawkmoth (Deilephila porcellus), sand dart (Agrotis ripae) and the micro moths Pyrausta cingulata and Hysterophora maculosana. A total of 810 Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) have been recorded within the nature reserve boundary.
Notable migrant species noted in the area have included: cosmopolitan (Leucania loreyi), white-speck, the delicate. In 2012 a Stephens' gem (Megalographa biloba) was recorded at Murlough NNR - this was the 1st record for Ireland of this North American species.
National scenic area

A national scenic area (NSA) is a conservation designation used in several countries.
Some of the national scenic areas in Taiwan are:
In Scotland national scenic areas (NSAs) are defined as areas having outstanding scenic interest or unsurpassed attractiveness. They are administered by NatureScot. There are 40 designated NSAs in Scotland, covering 13% of the country's land area. The primary purpose of the NSA designations is to conserve and enhance the natural beauty of the landscape, in a similar way to the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) designation used elsewhere in the UK. AONBs were created under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949, which applies to England, Wales and Northern Ireland. This act allows areas of countryside with significant landscape value in each of the three nations to be designated by their respective governments.
Lagan Valley

The Lagan Valley (Irish: Gleann an Lagáin, Ulster Scots: Glen Lagan) is an area of Northern Ireland between Belfast and Lisburn. The River Lagan rises on Slieve Croob in County Down and flows generally northward discharging into Belfast Lough. For a section, the river forms part of the border between the counties of Antrim and Down.
The towpath which runs alongside the River between Lisburn and Belfast is popular with walkers, runners, cyclists, dog owners etc. It is a very scenic and peaceful area and is ideal for walking, cycling etc. As a cycle route the towpath forms part of National Cycle Route 9. There are a number of "off route" mountain bike trails along the route.
The Lagan Valley is an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). The AONB was established in 1965 and the greater part of it lies within the Greater Belfast area.
The Lagan Valley is also the name of a constituency in the House of Commons covering Lisburn and surrounding areas, as well as the Assembly constituency in the same area. There are approximately 242 townlands in the constituency area.
The UK parliamentary constituency has been a Unionist stronghold in the past, until 2024 when Alliance gained the seat from the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP). The current MP for the constituency is Sorcha Eastwood of Alliance who was elected in the 2024 United Kingdom general election.
54°32′08″N 5°58′44″W﻿ / ﻿54.53556°N 5.97889°W﻿ / 54.53556; -5.97889
Glen Etive

Glen Etive (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Èite) is a glen in the Scottish Highlands. The River Etive (Scottish Gaelic: Abhainn Èite) rises on the peaks surrounding Rannoch Moor, with several tributary streams coming together at the Kings House Hotel, at the head of Glen Coe. From the Kings House, the Etive flows for about 18 km, reaching the sea loch, Loch Etive. The river and its tributaries are popular with whitewater kayakers and at high water levels it is a test piece of the area and a classic run.
At the north end of Glen Etive lie the two mountains known as the "Herdsmen of Etive": Buachaille Etive Mòr and Buachaille Etive Beag. Other peaks accessible from the Glen include Ben Starav, located near the head of Loch Etive, and Beinn Fhionnlaidh on the northern side of the glen. The scenic beauty of the glen has led to its inclusion the Ben Nevis and Glen Coe National Scenic Area, one of 40 such areas in Scotland.
A narrow road from the Kings House Hotel runs down the glen, serving several houses and farms. This road ends at the head of the loch, though rough tracks continue along both shores.
The River Etive is one of Scotland's most popular and challenging white water kayaking runs. It provides a multitude of solid Grade 4(5) rapids with a variety of falls and pool drops. It is home to a herd of Scottish red deer that have become accustomed to the presence of humans.
In the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology, Deirdre and her love Naoise founded Glen Etive after fleeing Ulster.
The Fachen is also known as the Dwarf of Glen Etive.
Glen Etive has been used as the backdrop to many movies, among them Braveheart, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix and Skyfall. The resulting influx of visitors has led to concerns about the spoilage of the glen through littering and fly-tipping.
56°36′4″N 5°0′21″W﻿ / ﻿56.60111°N 5.00583°W﻿ / 56.60111; -5.00583
List of Florida's highest points

This list of Florida's highest points in the state of Florida includes natural and manmade points.
Most of the state's highest named points are in Holmes, Walton, and Washington counties, in the sub-Piedmont highlands of northern Florida. The highest points in peninsular Florida are found along the Lake Wales Ridge, running through the central portion of the peninsula, and the Brooksville Ridge, which parallels the northwestern coast of the peninsula.
Geographic points (permanent earthworks) of human origin are also included, designated as "N/A, Artificial".
Notes: All Northern Florida Highlands peaks and Brooksville Ridge peaks except Citrus County High Point, Frazee Hill, Oak Hill, Pasco County High Point (Unnamed peak near Jessamine Lake Northeast), and Unnamed Peak southeast of Brooksville
Notes: All Northern Florida Highlands peaks and Brooksville Ridge peaks except Citrus County High Point, Frazee Hill, Oak Hill, Pasco County High Point (Unnamed peak near Jessamine Lake Northeast), and Unnamed Peak southeast of Brooksville
Notes: Polk County High Point, Unnamed Peak south of Camp Lake, Sugarloaf Mountain, Pasco County High Point (Unnamed peak near Jessamine Lake Northeast), Citrus County High Point, and Oak Hill
Notes: Frazee Hill, Unnamed Peak southeast of Brooksville, and Unnamed Peak east of Jacks Lake
Gamelan Jawa

Gamelan Jawa iku jinis utawa corak gamelan kang urip ing Jawa Tengah (uga Yogyakarta) lan sapérangan Jawa Wétan. Musik gamelan Jawa iki béda karo musik gamelan saka laladan liya, yèn musik gamelan Jawa lumrahé nduwé nada luwih lembut lan nganggo laya luwih alon, béda karo musik gamelan Bali kang layané luwih rikat, uga gamelan Sundha kang rasa musiké "nglaras" banget (mendayu-dayu) lan didhominasi swara suling.
Gamelan asal tembungé saka tembung lingga "gamel" lan panambang "-an". Gamel tegesé "nuthuk" utawa "nabuh" ditambah panambang "-an" dadi kurang luwih tegesé "kang dithuthuk" utawa "kang ditabuh". Dadi gamelan ya iku salah sijining pakaryan nabuh kang dilakokaké wong jaman biyèn banjur dadi nama alat musik kang dionèkaké bebarengan saingga ngasilaké uni musik sing pas lan merdu.
Gamelan Jawa iku nduwé nada-nada péntatonis. Gamelan Jawa iku duwé 2 laras ya iku:
Gamelan Jawa nduwé aturan-aturan kang wis pakem, antarané katata saka pirang-pirang rambahan (puteran) lan pathet utawa jero cethèking swara, uga ana aturan sampak utawa rikat-rendheté laku kang wis pakem, uga ana batesan-batesan gongan lan mèlodiné wis diatur ning pérangan-pérangan kang saben-saben ketata saka 4 nada (gatra). Saben-saben piranti nduwé fungsi dhéwé-dhéwé;
Wilah (gamelan)

Wilah iku péranganing piranti gamelan kang ditabuh lan ngetokaké swara, racaké digawé saka wesi ning uga ana kang saka kayu. Wilah gamelan iku disokaké ing grobogan, ana kang diayun, digantung uga ana kang langsung disokaké nganggo pin.
Masing-masing piranti gamelan nduwé wujud wilah béda-béda uga béda ukurane. Sing ukurane gedhé lan kandhel umum nduwé nada swara cendhèk, sewalike kang ukurane cilik nduwé nada dhuwur.
Ricikan gamelan Jawa

Ricikan gamelan Jawa iku kathah-kathahipun / lumrahipun dipundamel saking tosan (logam) antawisipun: wesi, tembaga campur rejasa (nikel), utawa perunggu, mligi wilahé. Yèn grobogané utawa rancakané umum saka kayu. Bahan tambahan sanesipun inggih menika pring, kulit (kanggo kendhang) lan liyané. Ricikan gamelan kang ora ana kandhutan tosan iku mung kendhang, gambang, rebab, suling, siter uga tabuhé.
Ricikan gamelan bisa dikelompokake dados 4 pérangan inggih menika:
Kelompokan ing dhuwur iku duwé fungsi piyambak-piyambak kangge ndamel swanten ingkang harmonis. sanèsipun kelompok kang uga ngeto'aké swara ning dudu saka ricikan, kelompok iki ya iku: gerong, sindhèn, alok, senggakan lan keplok.
Urutan ricikan gamelan miturut fungsiné kawiwitan saka garap ngarep, inggih menika:
Ricikan mligi ing ngandhap puniki boten wènten ing sedaya gamelan; ricikan puniki utaminipun wènten ing gamelan kagungan dalem Karaton Ngayogyakarta lan Surakarta Hadiningrat:
Gamelan sekatèn

Gamelan sekatèn ya iku gamelan kang dianggep paling gegayutan karo upacara Islam lan dinuga wis ana saka jaman Majapait. Gamelan iki ditabuh nalika pèngetan mijilé Muhammad ing kraton Surakarta lan Yogyakarta. Gamelan iki sepisanan ditabuh ing Kraton Demak, ya iku kagungané Sunan Giri. Gamelan kang ana ing Kraton Surakarta lan Yogyakarta iku tinggalané Sultan Agung Hanyakrakusuma. Miturut sajarah, kala rumiyin Gamelan Sekatèn kanggé sarana "dhakwah" para wali sanga kanggé ngraketaken priyayi Jawa ingkang inggil lan caket budayanipun kaliyan Gamelan, supados kersa mlebet Agama Islam.
Rinding Gumbeng

Rinding Gumbeng inggih punika pirantos musik tradhisional ingkang asalipun saking Kabupatèn Gunungkidul, Daérah Istiméwa Ngayogyakarta. Rinding punika anggènipun ngungelaken sarana kapèpètaken ing lathi, kapadalaken ing waja, lajeng katarik-tarik ngagem tangsul, wondéné Gumbeng punika anggènipun ngungelaken sarana kathuthuk. Rinding Gumbeng namung kamainaken nalika mangsa panèn kémawon.
Rinding punika kadamel saking sawilah deling mawi panjang 25 sèntimèter kaliyan kandel 2 milimèter. Ing sawilah punika dipun bolongi bagéan tengahipun kados dom mawi panjang 20 sèntimèter. Ing pucuking deling kaparingan tangsul kagem narik ing sisih sanèsipun minangka cekelan. Cara ngungelaken sarana kapèpètaken ing lathi, kapadalaken ing waja, lajeng katarik-tarik ngagem tangsul. Wujud ingkang mèmper dom ing bagéan tengah bakal kedher kaliyan ngasilaken ungel lumantar swantun ingkang medal saking krongkongan. Wondéné Gumbeng kadamel saking deling wutuh ingkang dipun bolongi sawetawis bolongan.
Pirantos punika namung kamainaken nalika mangsa panèn kémawon dalah upacara ruwahan. Juru main Rinding Gumbeng cacahipun 4–5 tiyang, kadhangkala ugi wonten ingkang nembang supados regeng anggènipun main. Bebrayan ing Kapanéwon Ngawèn, Gunungkidul mitadosi menawi Déwi Sri badhé rawuh tur kalipur mirengaken musikipun, sarta mbekta kasuburan kaliyan asil panèn ingkang kathah dhumateng sabinipun.