davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
World Food Program in Rwanda

World food program n’umuryango munini ku isi utabara imbabare urokora k'ubuzima mu bihe bikomeye no gutanga ubufasha bw’ibiribwa kugira ngo wubake inzira y’amahoro, ituze n’iterambere, gufasha abantu gukemura amakimbirane, kurwanya ibiza n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. WFP yashinzwe mu 1961 na Cindy McCain
Mu Rwanda, iki kigo gitera inkunga Guverinoma n'abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye mu kuzigama no guhindura ubuzima bw'abatishoboye. WFP itanga ubufasha bw'ibiribwa, gutegura indyo y'uzuye ku mpunzi no gushyigikira ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda y’igihugu mu rwego rwo kurwanya inzara no guharanira iterambere rirambye. Nk’ibice bigize gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye, WFP ikorana kandi na Guverinoma kugira ngo gahunda yo kurengera imibereho y’abaturage irusheho kuba myiza no gukuraho ihungabana, kugira ngo gahunda z’igihugu z’iterambere ry'u Rwanda zigerweho.
WFP itanga amafaranga ku mpunzi zirenga 127.000 ziri mu nkambi eshanu, kugira ngo bashobore kugura ibiryo bahisemo. Itanga amafunguro y'ishuri kubana, harimo nabaturutse mumiryango ituye hafi y'inkambi, kugirango ishyigikire uburezi n'ubuzima. WFP igira uruhare mu kuzamura imibereho no kwigira mu mpunzi binyuze mu guhanga umutungo utanga umusaruro. Iyo ibiza bibaye, iha abantu ubufasha bwihuse bwibiryo no kwita ku mirire. Impunzi z'u Rwanda zisubira mu rugo nazo zirashyigikirwa, kugira ngo zibafashe kongera kwinjira mu miryango yabo.
WFP ifasha kunoza gahunda yo guhangana n'ibiza n’ihungabana ry'abantu binyuze mu kubaka umutungo nko gutera amaterasi y’ubutaka, kugarura ibishanga no gushimangira gahunda z’igihugu zita ku mibereho. WFP ikorana na Guverinoma mu rwego rwo kunoza imyiteguro yihutirwa no gukemura ibibazo bya politiki na gahunda, no guteza imbere gahunda yo kugaburira abana mu mashuri y'igihugu.
Kinazi Cassava Plant

Kinazi Cassava Plant ni uruganda rwa Kinazi rutunganya imyumbati, rwatangizwa mu 2012 rukora ifu mu myumbati ihingwa mu Rwanda, uru ruganda rutanga akazi ku barenga 130 .
Kinazi Cassava Plant ni uruganda rumaze gutera imbere bifatika, ntanze nk’urugero ku myumbati umusaruro wayo wavuye kuri toni ibihumbi 204 ugera ku bihumbi 406 ku mwaka. Ndumva ari ibintu abaturage bishimira. Bigendanye n’uwo musaruro, kuba hari uruganda rutunganya ifu y’imyumbati ari intambwe nziza yatewe, aho rukora ku gipimo cya 50% by’ubushobozi bwarwo, rukaba rugiye kuzamuka rugakora kukigero cya 70% cyangwa 80%, ni uruganda rwasuwe na Peresida Kagame paul .
Ubugari

Ubugari cyangwa Ubugali, Ugali ni ibiryo.
Ubugari bw’imyumbati ntibugaragaramo intungamubiri zihagije. Aya makuru avuga ko ubusanzwe imyumbati ubwayo igira intungamubiri zitandukanye, ariko kugira ngo igere ku rwego rwo gukora ubugari, bisaba ko ibanza gutonorwa ikinikwa ikanumishwa ku zuba. Ibi bituma nta gishya umubiri ushobora gukura mu bugari bitewe n’inzira zose bucamo kugira ngo bube bwagerwa ku rwego rwo kuribwa. Nk’uko aya makuru akomeza abivuga, ngo mu gihe urebye, nko ku byubaka umubiri (proteins) usanga ubugari bubonekamo bike cyane ku buryo ntacyo byapfa kungura umubiri. Ibitera imbaraga nabyo ni ikindi gikenerwa mu mubiri, ariko usanga nabyo ari bike cyane mu bugari .
Umwuko

Umwuko ni cyimwe mu nigikoresho gikozwe mugiti Kenshi ukaba wifashishwa mugikoni barimo guteka ibiryo bitandukanye. Umwuko ukorwa mu biti bitandukanye ariko biba byiza iyo ubajwe mu giti cyinturusu kuko nibwo uba ukomeye.
umwuko ushobora gukoreshwa uteka akawunga,ubugari,igikoma,isosi.
Umugezi wa Lubue

Umugezi wa Lubue uva mu majyepfo ugana mu majyaruguru unyuze ku butaka bwa Idiyofa, intara ya Kwilu, muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo . Hafi y'inkomoko yayo mu majyepfo, aho uruzi rwa Musanga rwinjira uhereye ibumoso, ni uruzi ruto, ruzunguruka wenda metero 12 ubugari b'ubuzwa amabuye. Ihinduka kugendagenda i Mulasa, kandi munsi yiyi ngingo iranyura mu kibaya kinini kandi cyibiti. Yinjira muri Kasai hafi y'umujyi wa Dibaya Lubuye .
Uko ibishishwa by’imyumbati byafashije abagore muri Bénin kurengera ibidukikije

Ifu iva mu gihingwa cy’imyumbati ni kimwe mu biribwa bikunzwe cyane mu gihugu cya Bénin dore ko igira uruhare rukomeye mu kwihaza mu biribwa muri icyo gihugu.
Gusa iyo bateka ubugari mu ifu y’imyumbati bisaba ko bakoresha inkwi, banavuga ko bibagora kuzibona bigatuma bakora urugendo rurerure cyane.
Reine Ogoubi, umwe mu bagore bifashisha ibishishwa by’imyumbati mu guteka, yavuze ko bagomba byibuze gukora urugendo rw’ibilometero bibiri cyangwa bitatu kugira ngo babone inkwi zo guteka.
Mu majyepfo ya Bénin, hari abagore babarirwa mu magana batunganya imyumbati, bishyize hamwe muri koperative bihangira uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibishishwa by’imyumbati mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije ndetse no kwiyorohereza akazi kabo ka buri munsi.
Nyuma yo kubona ingorane bahura nazo ndetse n’ingaruka zishobora gutezwa n’imyotsi y’inkwi uwitwa Grace Chidikofan yateguye ikizajya cyifashishwa mu gutunganya ingufu za biogas hakoreshejwe ibishishwa by’imyumbati bise ‘bio-digester’.
Ibishishwa by’imyumbati hamwe n’indi myanda iva mu musaruro w’imyumbati bishyirwa muri ’bio digester’ yabugenewe hagakorwamo biogaz igasimbuzwa inkwi mu guteka ubugari.
Imyanda isaguka muri ‘bio digester’ ihindurwamo ifumbire ikoreshwa mu gufumbi imirima yabo y’imyumbati.
Ubu buryo bavuga ko bwafashije kugabanya itemwa ry’amashyamba hashakwa inkwi ndetse no kwihutisha imirimo y’aba bagore no kuzamura umusaruro w’abo.
Umuhuzabikorwa w’Umushinga utegamiye kuri Leta ‘Afrique Espérance’, Grace Chidikofan, yavuze ko ubu buryo bworoshye kandi buhendutse yongeraho ko batakazaga ingufu nyinshi n’umwanya ariko bukaba buborohereza.
Mu gukoresha biogaz bituma barengera ubuzima bwabo n’ibidukikije kuko imyotsi yavaga mu nkwi mu gihe bateka ishobora gutera indwara z’ubuhumekero, umutima ndetse n’indwara z’amaso.
Ubu buryo kandi bwitezweho kugabanya ibibazo by’ibura ry’imvura byaterwaga no gutema ibiti ndetse no kuborohereza kubona ifumbire bakoresha mu mirima yabo kuko iyakoreshwaga yatumizwaga mu mahanga.
Gari and beans

Gari and beans is a type of dish made of staple foods in Ghana. It is usually common in the southern parts of Ghana popularly called 'gobɛ, yo ke gari and even red red.
Gari and beans is very nutritious.Gari is starchy, rich and serves as a source of energy. Beans has a considerable amount of iron and protein. The staple make up a complete protein ,providing the body with essential minerals.
Gari (ginger)

Gari (ガリ) is a type of tsukemono (Japanese pickled vegetables). It is made from sweet, thinly sliced ginger that has been marinated in a solution of sugar and vinegar. Younger ginger is generally preferred for gari because of its tender flesh and natural sweetness. Gari is often served and eaten after sushi, and is sometimes called sushi ginger. It may also simply be called pickled ginger. In Japanese cuisine, it is considered to be essential in the presentation of sushi. Some believe it is used to cleanse the palate between eating different pieces of sushi, or, alternatively, it may be eaten before or after the meal.
When traditionally prepared, gari typically has a pale yellow to slightly pink hue from the pickling process. Only very young ginger will develop the slight pink tint naturally. Many brands of commercially produced gari are colored pink, artificially or naturally, often by using E124, beet juice or red shiso (perilla leaves), either to intensify the existing pink color or because the ginger used was too mature to turn pink upon pickling.
Red red

Red red is a Ghanaian dish composed of black-eyed peas, cooked in palm oil or other vegetable oil with plantain. The dish derives its name from the red color it takes on from the red palm oil (zomi) and the fried plantain. Red red typically consists of fish such as tinned mackerel or pilchards, black-eyed peas, Scotch bonnet peppers, onions, oil and tomatoes. It is commonly known in Ghana as "Yɔ kɛ Gari". Though often served with fish, red red can also be vegetarian. It can be served with fried plantain, avocado, and rice or garri for a complete meal.
Raju Gari Ammayi Naidu Gari Abbayi

Raju Gari Ammayi Naidu Gari Abbayi is a 2024 Telugu romantic action drama film written and directed by Satya Raj.
The film stars Ravi Teja Nunna, Neha Jurel, Yogi Khatri, Nagineedu and Pramodini. Cinematography is done by Ravi M and Murali Krishna Varman. The film is produced by Ramdas Muthyala and Kumari Nunna.
Adurru village chief Naidu garu is kind. Villagers approach Naidu Garu for help. Karna, Naidu garu's only son, is a famous traveler who travels with his buddies despite his advanced education due to wealth. The boy is humble and gentle. He has three best buddies, including Bobby, a royyala cheruvu/aquafarm manager. Second, Ashok fixes bikes. Third-person Sathi boats. Raju garu, Magatapalli village leader, has two daughters. Elder Anu graduated from nearby town while Lily is in 10th grade. Karna and Anu bond after falling in love. Their resort vacation is alone. Karna is attacked by Anu after visiting friends. Karna aids pals. After fighting, Karna smacks Anu and leaves. They're shocked to find Anu's body in the river the next day. Raju garu is popular, therefore SI Veerabhadram sends him Anu's corpse to bury secretly. SI Veerabhadram is investigating Anu's death.
Anu saw Karna before her death, so Veerabhadram questions Naidu Garu at home. Naidu garu defends his child and refuses to comply with SI. Karna also seeks Anu's killer. Friends doubt Karna's accident story. Karna is banished after trying to convince Rajugaru of his innocence. Karna gets a tip, meets SI, and describes what happened after contemplating. SI and Karna investigate because they feel he is innocent. Karna admits his mistake, doubts his pals are the perpetrators, and is relieved. After discovering Raju garu's murderer, Karna kills Pattabhi, his brother-in-law. Pattabhi begs Karna to believe he's not the murderer and discloses the perpetrator. Anu's murder and Karna's solution dominate the story.
The music is composed by Roshan Saluri.
Музыка Первого

«Му́зыка Пе́рвого» — российский музыкальный телеканал. Начал вещание 1 декабря 2005 года.
Канал делает акцент на показе клипов молодых российских исполнителей. В эфире также музыкальные чарты и развлекательные шоу, в которых можно услышать обсуждения кино, моды, различных молодёжных тем, новости из мира звёзд.
Первоначально телеканал был ориентирован на общую музыкальную тематику, затем из-за конкуренции с другими популярными музыкальными телеканалами, в 2015 году было принято решение переформатировать канал под молодёжную аудиторию.
27 января 2023 года был заблокирован YouTube-канал «Музыка Первого» из-за нарушения условий использования этого видеохостинга. На момент блокировки он насчитывал 1,16 миллиона подписчиков. До этого, в октябре 2022 года, был заблокирован Telegram-канал. Спустя два месяца был создан новый YouTube-канал под названием «Crush TV». На нём выкладываются программы «Вечерний лайк», «Проверка связи», «Что вижу, то пою!» и «Верю — не верю».
Телеканал платный.
Вещание круглосуточное. Формат изображения 16:9.
За рубежом телеканалы из «Цифрового телесемейства» можно смотреть в ряде стран Европы, в Закавказье, в Америке, в Азии, на Ближнем Востоке и в Австралии. По состоянию на 2010 год их аудитория превышала 20 миллионов человек.
В Латвии вещание телеканала «Музыка Первого» было приостановлено в конце 2019 года по решению Национального совета по электронным СМИ (NEPLP).
Телеканал «Музыка Первого» является частью «Цифрового телесемейства», принадлежащего компании «Триколор».
До 2022 года телеканал принадлежал АО «Первый канал. Всемирная сеть».
Ядро аудитории составляет молодёжь от 14 до 24 лет.
В мае телеканал проводит ежегодный музыкальный фестиваль «Маёвка Лайв».
Кроме того, в рамках съёмок шоу, демонстрируемого в новогоднюю ночь, с 2015 года канал устраивает музыкальную вечеринку «#SnowПати» (2017/2018 и 2018/2019 — «Главное белое новогоднее шоу», 2019/2020 — «История белой розы», 2020/2021 — «Тайна белого сада»).
С 2020 года почти все проводимые телеканалом мероприятия не проводились из-за пандемии коронавируса, а также из-за вторжения России на Украину.
Кроме того, телеканал является обладателем серебряной кнопки «Ютюба» (за 100 тысяч подписчиков на YouTube-канале).
Традиционная поп-музыка

Традицио́нная поп-му́зыка (англ. traditional pop), или классическая поп-музыка (англ. classic pop) — в современной англоязычной терминологии американская/англоязычная популярная музыка в стиле, бывшем стандартным до его вытеснения рок-н-роллом в середине 1950-х годов. Исполняемые песни (главным образом из «великого американского песенника») называются «поп-стандарты» (англ. pop standards) — по аналогии с джазовыми стандартами.
Музыкальный сайт AllMusic предпочитает более узкое определение, при котором «традиционный поп» означает американскую популярную музыку достаточно короткого отрезка между закатом эры биг-бендов (приблизительно 1946 год) и началом эры рок-н-ролла (в середине 1950-х). При таком определении из понятия выпадает музыка 1930-х и начала 1940-х годов, когда в американских хит-парадах царил Бинг Кросби.
Песни в стиле традиционного попа исполнялись сольным вокалистом, именуемым крунером, в сопровождении оркестра или небольшого эстрадного ансамбля. Писались они профессиональными авторами. Как пишет AllMusic, в этом песенном стиле главное — песня. Хоть вокалист и является фокусом внимания, его задача — прежде всего донести до слушателя песню, а не импровизировать. То есть вокальной импровизации, как во времена джаза, нет.
К числу наиболее ярких исполнителей американской поп-музыки классической эры относятся Бинг Кросби, Фрэнк Синатра, Перри Комо, Дин Мартин, Нэт Кинг Коул, Тони Беннетт, Сэмми Дэвис, Пегги Ли. Их эстафету подхватили появившиеся на сцене уже в эпоху рок-н-ролла Энди Уильямс, Джонни Мэтис, Пол Анка, Бобби Винтон. Многие популярные в 1970-е годы певцы — Барбра Стрейзанд, Барри Манилоу, Род Стюарт — к началу 2000-х переключились на исполнение поп-стандартов. Из представителей более молодого поколения «лицом» традиционной поп-музыки в начале XXI века выступал канадец Майкл Бубле.
Как исполнителей в стиле традиционного попа классифицируют не только певцов, но и дирижёров аккомпанировавших им оркестров и аранжировщиков. Кроме того, традиционным попом могут называть и инструментальную музыку того же периода.
Термин traditional pop music используется американской Национальной академией искусства и науки звукозаписи, которая является организатором вручения наград «Грэмми» (которые присуждаются в том числе и в этой категории).
Премия «Грэмми» за лучший традиционный вокальный поп-альбом присуждается с 1992 года. В первый год категория называлась Best Traditional Pop Performance, в 1993—2000 гг. Best Traditional Pop Vocal Performance, c 2001 г. по настоящее время Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album.
Флаг Приднестровской Молдавской Республики

Государственный флаг Приднестровской Молдавской Республики (молд. Драпелул де Стат а Републичий Молдовенешть Нистрене, укр. Державний прапор Придністровської Молдавської Республіки) — один из государственных символов непризнанного государства Приднестровской Молдавской Республики. Принят 2 сентября 1991 года, в первую годовщину провозглашения Приднестровской Молдавской Советской Социалистической Республики.
Ныне, вместо собственного оригинального флага, власть ПМР использует точную копию второго флага Молдавской ССР и Российский триколор.
Государственный флаг ПМР в порядке, предусмотренном Правительством ПМР, а в иных случаях с разрешения государственных администраций, может быть поднят на указанных в настоящей статье зданиях и в другие дни.
Поднятие и (или) установка в помещении Государственного флага ПМР при церемониях и других торжественных мероприятиях, проводимых предприятиями, учреждениями и организациями, проводится в соответствии с Положением о порядке поднятия Государственного флага, утверждённым Правительством ПМР.
При одновременном поднятии Государственного флага ПМР и иных флагов размер иных флагов не может превышать размеров Государственного флага ПМР.
В мае 2009 года в Верховном Совете Приднестровской Молдавской Республики обсудили предложение о замене национального флага (красно-зелёно-красного) на российский триколор, но с изменённым соотношением сторон: 1:2 вместо 2:3. С подобной инициативой выступили правящая партия «Обновление» и ряд общественных организаций. Предлагалось внести поправки в закон о государственной символике, «учредив национальный флаг, представляющий собой полотнище из трёх равновеликих горизонтальных полос: белого, синего и красного цвета». Планировалось, что на синем поле предполагаемого национального флага Приднестровья будет помещён приднестровский герб или иной отличительный символ.
12 апреля 2017 года ВС ПМР принял закон, который определил правила использования российского флага совместно с приднестровским, а также указаны места постоянной совместной установки.
Баржа Live

«Баржа Live» — российский музыкальный фестиваль в жанрах рок, поп-рок, инди-музыка и альтернатива, проводящийся в Ульяновске с 2023 года. Сцена фестиваля находится на барже, расположенной в акватории реки Волга. В 2023 году фестиваль стал финалистом Национальной премии в области событийного туризма «Russian Event Awards» в номинации «Лучшее молодежное туристическое событие».
Автор и организатор фестиваля фронтмен группы 901km Кирилл Кузнецов.
Впервые фестиваль «Баржа Live» состоялся 8 июля 2023 года в Ульяновском речном порту. Помимо музыкальной программы на территории фестиваля работали рестораны, готовящие блюда различных кухонь мира, маркеты с товарами местных производителей и разнообразные зоны активностей, включающие в том числе аэротрубу. Участие в фестивале приняло 17 групп, зрителями стали 6 500 человек. Основными хедлайнерами выступили группа Stigmata и финалист шоу Песни на ТНТ Максим Свобода.
Второй фестиваль прошел 25 мая 2024 года. В этот раз на территории мероприятия развернулась всероссийская тату-битва, собравшая участников и судей со всей страны. Зрителями фестиваля стали 11 200 человек. Основными хедлайнерами выступили певица Линда, группы 7000$, Tritia и Wildways. Ведущим фестиваля стал Сергей Хоббит.
Ближайший общий предок

Ближайший общий предок (БОП), или последний общий предок (ПОП) (англ. Most recent common ancestor или англ. MRCA), — термин в биологии, который обозначает гипотетическую группу животных, существовавшую в прошлом, от которой произошли все представители некоторого таксона. Также термин часто используется в генеалогии.
По современным эволюционным представлениям все клеточные организмы планеты Земля имеют общее происхождение, то есть любые две группы живых организмов, даже такие разные как животные и растения, имеют общего предка. Данный принцип играет роль в биологической систематике: согласно кладистическому подходу, любой биологический таксон следует строить таким образом, чтобы он объединял в себе все виды, происходящие от одного общего предка.
Последний универсальный общий предок всего живого на Земле «LUCA» жил около 3,48—4,28 млрд лет назад. Однако возможно, что LUCA не был одним-единственным организмом, а генетический материал всех ныне живущих организмов это результат горизонтального переноса генов между сообществами древних микроорганизмов. На заре жизни родство было не таким линейным, как сейчас, потому что для появления современного генетического кода потребовалось время.
Russian pop

Russian pop music is Russian language pop music produced in Russia, CIS countries, Baltic states, Central Asia and other foreign countries in which the songs are primarily performed in Russian language, languages of the countries of the CIS, and in the other languages of the world. This is the successor to popular "variety" Soviet music with its pop idols such as Alla Pugacheva or Valery Leontiev.
The first hit parade in the USSR was the ZD hit parade. Since the creation of the hit parade to the present day, it has identified the most popular artists, as well as popular albums and singles in Russia and other countries of the former USSR.
Modern-day mainstream Russian-language pop music is very diverse and has many ways to spread through the audience. The most famous pop stars can be seen on general television in music or talk shows, and also on music TV channels such as Music Box, MTV and Muz-TV. So, the Music Box channel presents its prize to popular artists in Russia and the CIS.
In the 1990s and 2000, Alla Pugacheva and Valery Leontyev retained their popularity in Russia and Eastern European countries. Also at this time, Gorky Park, Na Na, Bi-2, Zemfira, Vitas, t.A.T.u., Serebro and others became popular. In 2020, Zivert, Niletto and Danya Milokhin became popular.
Since the mid-1970s and 1980s, Russian-language pop music has experienced development. Many musical compositions, such as “Lavender” and “Moon” (Sofia Rotaru), “Million Roses”, “Iceberg” and “Ferryman” (Alla Pugacheva), “I Want Change” (Kino), created during this period, will become signature a card of Soviet and then Russian pop music in the world. Russian music is becoming popular in Eastern Europe, the Baltics, Scandinavia and Central Asia. In 1990, the song “Moscow Calling” by Gorky Park became an international hit.
From the mid-1980s, into the 1990s and 2000s, in addition to Russian performers in Russia, performers from other countries in Europe, Asia and America became popular, including Marylya Rodowicz from Poland, Army of Lovers and Roxette from Sweden, Gloria Gaynor from USA, Ricky Martin from Puerto Rico, In-Grid from Italy, Natalia Oreiro from Uruguay, Dan Balan from Moldova, Patricia Kaas from France, Laima Vaikule from Latvia, Thomas N'evergreen from Denmark, Svetlana Loboda and Verka Serduchka from Ukraine, A-Studio from Kazakhstan, Tarkan from Turkey, Arash from Iran, Avraam Russo from Syria and others. For several years, one of the most popular music programs on Soviet television was the show Melodies and Rhythms of toreign pop, which also showed the best performances from the Sanremo festival in Italy.
Bols (brand)

Bols is a brand name used by Lucas Bols, a Dutch distiller of alcoholic beverages. The brand line consists of vodkas, gins, genevers, advocaats and liqueurs. Bols has been extant since 1575, and claims to be the oldest distillery brand in the world. The brand is now distributed in 110 countries, and the liqueur line has over 30 different flavors. As the result of an earlier divestiture, in Eastern Europe the Bols brand is owned by Maspex.
It is Ray Charles's choice of drink in the movie Ray.
There are certain cocktails that use Bols:
Galliano (liqueur)

Liquore Galliano L'Autentico, known more commonly as Galliano (Italian: [ɡalˈljaːno]), is a brand of sweet herbal liqueur produced in Italy. It was created in 1896 by Tuscan distiller and brandy producer Arturo Vaccari and named after Giuseppe Galliano, an Italian officer of the Royal Italian Army of the First Italo-Ethiopian War.
Galliano is sweet with vanilla-anise flavour and subtle citrus and woody herbal undernotes. The vanilla top note differentiates Galliano from other anise-flavoured liqueurs such as anisette, ouzo, sambuca, and pastis.
Galliano is used both as a digestif and as an ingredient for cocktails, notably the Harvey Wallbanger, Yellow Bird, Golden Cadillac, and Golden Dream.
Galliano has numerous natural ingredients including star anise, Mediterranean anise, juniper berry, musk yarrow, lavender, peppermint, cinnamon, and Galliano's hallmark vanilla flavour. Galliano uses vanillin for flavouring and sugar and glucose syrup for sweetening. Caramel and tartrazine are used to achieve Galliano's bright yellow colour.
Neutral alcohol is infused with the pressings from the herbs except for the vanilla. The liquid is distilled and then infused with separately pressed vanilla. In the final stage, distilled water, refined sugar and pure neutral alcohol are blended with the base. The original blend is formulated at 84.6 proof (42.3% by volume), while a blend with a more prominent taste of vanilla is produced at 60 proof (30% by volume). There was also a period where 70 proof (35% alcohol by volume) and 80 proof (40% alcohol by volume) was produced.
The Galliano brand is currently owned by Dutch distiller Lucas Bols, and marketed through its worldwide distribution joint venture, Maxxium. Galliano is packaged in a distinctively shaped bottle, reminiscent of a classical Roman column.
Several other liqueurs are also produced under the Galliano brand name, including a black Sambuca, a white Sambuca and an amaretto, which are predominantly distributed in Australasia, where the products are popular as shots. Galliano also makes Galliano Ristretto coffee-flavored liqueur and Galliano Balsamico, a balsamic vinegar-infused liqueur.
Galliano has earned bronze and silver medals from the San Francisco World Spirits Competition. Another spirit ratings organization, Wine Enthusiast, gave Galliano L'autentico a score of "90–95" in 2011.
Pisang Ambon

Pisang Ambon is a brand of Dutch liqueur produced, distributed and marketed by the House of Lucas Bols. It has a dominating banana flavour, with additional tropical fruit nuances, and a bright green colour. It is based on the recipe of an old Indonesian liqueur. A purple version has been released, called Pisang Ambon Guaraná Lime.
"Pisang" is Indonesian/Malay for banana. Ambon is the capital city of an Indonesian province that was once a Dutch colony. "Pisang Ambon" is the Indonesian name for the Gros Michel cultivar. Although the name of the banana is not referring to Ambon as the source but from Javanese word for smell.
List of Russian flags

The nation of Russia has designed and used various flags throughout history. Listed in this article are flags — federal, administrative, military, etc. — used between the time of the Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721), Russian Empire (1721–1917) and today's Russian Federation (1991–present day). Also included are flags from the USSR (1922–1991), a country that existed as a federal union of 15 distinct national republics, including the Russian SFSR (1917–1991).
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, for a brief time, many Soviet era flags were still in use until new designs replaced them in the early 2000s. The new flags of the Russian Armed Forces are heavily inspired by the regimental banners and flags of the late Imperial Russian Army and Navy.
Flags of the arms of the Ground Forces of the Russian Federation
The Aerospace Forces are a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, it has three arms, the Russian Air Force, the Air Defense Forces, and the Russian Space Forces. The Air Defense Forces does not have a flag.
Each branch of the Armed Forces has a representative banner, one for the Ground Forces, the Aerospace Forces, the Navy, and one to represent the entire Armed Forces as a whole.
The Victory Banner was a historical banner raised atop of the Reichstag building in Berlin, by the Red Army, on May 1, 1945. It signified the victory over Nazi Germany, and served as the main symbol of victory of the Soviet people. It was amended in Russian law in 1996, but with a new design to distance the new Russian state from any usage of Communist iconography. In 2007, following pressure from Red Army veterans, the original Victory Banner design replaced the 1996 variant, and has since then served its usage in virtually every single Victory Day parade held across Russia.
This section covers flags of the various government paramilitary organizations which are not part of the Russian military, but are structured similarly by ranking system, uniforms, and are equipped with both light and heavy arms.
Prior to the creation of the first official flag of Russia in 1858, several merchant flags were used to represent Russia, the most notable being the White, Blue, and Red tricolor devised by Tsar Peter the Great. The historical State Flags of Russia were signed by decree to officially represent the country as a whole. The Black, Yellow, and White tricolor became the first official flag of Russia in 1858, with previous flags being de facto unofficial flags of Russia.
Cyrillic script in Unicode

As of Unicode version 16.0, Cyrillic script is encoded across several blocks:
The characters in the range U+0400–U+045F are basically the characters from ISO 8859-5 moved upward by 864 positions. The next characters in the Cyrillic block, range U+0460–U+0489, are historical letters, some of which are still used for Church Slavonic. The characters in the range U+048A–U+04FF and the complete Cyrillic Supplement block (U+0500–U+052F) are additional letters for various languages that are written with Cyrillic script. Two characters are in the Phonetic Extensions block: U+1D2B ᴫ CYRILLIC LETTER SMALL CAPITAL EL from the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet and U+1D78 ᵸ MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC EN for transcribing nasal vowels.
Unicode includes few precomposed accented Cyrillic letters; the others can be combined by adding U+0301 ́ COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT after the accented vowel (e.g., е́ у́ э́); see below.
Several diacritical marks not specific to Cyrillic can be used with Cyrillic text, including:
In the table below, small letters are ordered according to their Unicode numbers; capital letters are placed immediately before the corresponding small letters. Standard Unicode names and canonical decompositions are included.
The Cyrillic block (U+0400 – U+04FF) was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 1991 with the release of version 1.0:
The Cyrillic Supplement block (U+0500 – U+052F) was added to the Unicode Standard in March, 2002 with the release of version 3.2:
The Cyrillic Extended-A (U+2DE0 – U+2DFF) and Cyrillic Extended-B (U+A640 – U+A69F) blocks were added to the Unicode Standard in April, 2008 with the release of version 5.1:
The Cyrillic Extended-C block (U+1C80 – U+1C8F) was added to the Unicode Standard in June, 2016 with the release of version 9.0:
The Cyrillic Extended-D block (U+1E030 – U+1E08F) was added to the Unicode Standard in September, 2022 with the release of version 15.0:
Bosnian Cyrillic

Bosnian Cyrillic, widely known as Bosančica, is a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet that originated in medieval Bosnia. The term was coined at the end of the 19th century by Ćiro Truhelka. It was widely used in modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina and the bordering areas of modern-day Croatia (southern and middle Dalmatia and Dubrovnik regions). Its name in Serbo-Croatian is Bosančica and Bosanica the latter of which might be translated as Bosnian script. Serb scholars call it Serbian script, Serbian–Bosnian script, Bosnian–Serb Cyrillic, as part of variant of Serbian Cyrillic and deem the term "bosančica" Austro-Hungarian propaganda. Croat scholars also call it Croatian script, Croatian–Bosnian script, Bosnian–Croat Cyrillic, harvacko pismo, arvatica or Western Cyrillic. For other names of Bosnian Cyrillic, see below.
The use of Bosančica amongst Bosnian Muslims was replaced by Arebica upon the introduction of Islam in Bosnia Eyalet, first amongst the elite, then amongst the wider public. The first book in Bosančica was printed by Frančesko Micalović in 1512 in Venice.
It is hard to ascertain when the earliest features of a characteristic Bosnian type of Cyrillic script had begun to appear, but paleographers consider the Humac tablet (a tablet written in Bosnian Cyrillic) to be the first document of this type of script and is believed to date from the 10th or 11th century. Bosnian Cyrillic was used continuously until the 18th century, with sporadic usage even taking place in the 20th century.
Historically, Bosnian Cyrillic is prominent in the following areas:
In conclusion, main traits of Bosnian Cyrillic include:
The polemic about "ethnic affiliation" of Bosnian Cyrillic started in the 19th century, then reappeared in the mid-1990s. The polemic about attribution and affiliation of Bosnian Cyrillic texts seems to rest on following arguments:
In 2015, a group of artists started a project called "I write to you in Bosančica" which involved art and graphic design students from Banja Luka, Sarajevo, Široki Brijeg, and Trebinje. Exhibitions of the submitted artworks will be held in Sarajevo, Trebinje, Široki Brijeg, Zagreb, and Belgrade. The purpose of the project was to resurrect the ancient script and show the "common cultural past" of all the groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first phase of the project was to reconstruct all of the ancient characters by using ancient, handwritten documents.
The name bosančica was first used by Fran Kurelac in 1861. Other instances of naming by individuals, in scholarship and literature or publications (chronological order, recent first):
List of Universal Music Group labels

Universal Music Group (UMG) owns, or has a joint share in, many of the record labels listed here.
According to the UMG official website, the main labels are Abbey Road Studios, Capitol Music Group, Decca Records, Def Jam Recordings, Deutsche Grammophon, EMI, Interscope-Geffen-A&M, Island Records, Mercury Records, Motown Records, Go Jetters, Polydor Records, Republic Records, Verve Label Group, and Virgin Records, as well as other UMG divisions (Universal Music Enterprises, Universal Music Group Nashville, Universal Music Latin Entertainment, and Universal Music Publishing Group).
Note: Universal Music Group companies around the world are generally licensed to use most of Universal Music Group's legacy labels, such as Polydor, Mercury, etc., as imprints for their local artist repertoire.
Universal Music Russia

Universal Music Russia (Russian: ЗАО «Юниверсал Мьюзик») was a Russian music label division of the international music holding company Universal Music Group. The label's artists include Saifer, t.A.T.u., Noize MC, Anna Sedokova, Anna Asti and others. Until January 2021, the head of the label was Dmitry Konnov.
In 1998, Boris Zosimov [ru] left his post as director general of PolyGram Russia, replaced by Giedrius Klimkevicius, who previously worked as a leader for the distribution company «Бомба».
In 1999, after the merger of PolyGram & Universal Music Group, the label became known as Universal Music Russia.
On 20 January 2021, Maxim Vlasov became the director and Dmitry Konnov left.
On 9 March 2022, the label suspended its activities and closed its offices in Russia. Subsequently, the label's website closed.
Casual (rapper)

Jonathan Owens (born December 19, 1973), known by his stage name Casual, is an American rapper, producer, and one of the founding members of the alternative hip hop collective Hieroglyphics. He also reads and has been studying Egyptian Hieroglyphics for many years, makes videos on the subject on his YouTube channel Smash Rockwell as well writing about it on his blog Rap God. As a rapper Casual initially became known for his freestyle battle rhymes in the Bay Area hip hop scene and later developing into a solo artist. He is known for diverse lyrics, a complex multisyllabic East Coast influenced flow but with a distinctive Oakland accent. Casual's debut album Fear Itself released on Jive records in 1994 when he was 17 years old garnered both critical and commercial success. Along with Del the Funkee Homosapien Casual went on to become one of the most prominent and recognizable faces of the Hieroglyphics crew, releasing three albums all on the Hieroglyphics crew's own label, Hiero Imperium. He has released thirteen solo albums as of 2023.
After high-profile appearances on Del tha Funky Homosapien and Souls of Mischief albums, in 1994 Casual released Fear Itself. The album was the second-highest charting album in Hieroglyphics' history. Casual followed a typical verse-chorus-verse structure but stood out with his ferocious but playful battle lyrics. Casual has been acclaimed for "wielding his metaphors and sinewy delivery with lethal grace"
After the release of Fear Itself, Casual (as well as fellow Hieroglyphics members Souls of Mischief) was dropped from Jive Records. Casual documents the experience in the book, Hip Hop in America: A Regional Guide: Volume 1: East Coast and West Coast:
In 1994, Casual was involved in a high-profile battle with rapper Saafir. The beef originally started when Saafir appeared on Casual's debut album, and Casual did not appear on Saafir's. This ignited the infamous "Hiero vs Hobo Junction" battle, which involved some controversy when rumors surfaced that Saafir was using pre-written raps as opposed to Casual and Hieroglyphics expected freestyling. Despite this, it is regarded as an influential battle in underground hip-hop's history.
Casual has expressed, much like the rest of the Hieroglyphics crew the importance of competition in hip hop, stating "I think that MCing should be a competitive thing, almost like a sport. The only way an MC can keep polishing and sharpening his skills is to test them against the competition and the up and coming young bloods."
The Win (the superior mix 2021)
Furniture music

Furniture music, or in French musique d’ameublement (sometimes more literally translated as furnishing music), is background music originally played by live performers. The term was coined by Erik Satie in 1917.
Although other selections of Erik Satie's music can be experienced (and are sometimes indicated) as furniture music, Satie himself applied the name only to five short pieces, composed in three separate sets:
The first set was apparently never performed (nor the score published) during Satie's lifetime.
The second set contained reminiscences of popular tunes by, amongst others, Camille Saint-Saëns and Ambroise Thomas. It was premiered in Paris the year it was composed, as intermission music to a lost comedy by Max Jacob. During these intermissions the audience was invited to visit an exposition of children's drawings in the Galerie Barbazanges that was hosting the premiere.
Indications of the intentions of the artists giving the first performance are found in the manuscript of the score:
See also the Entr'acte article for more details regarding the circumstances of this first, and only documented, public performance of furniture music during Satie's lifetime, assisted by the composer himself.
The separate commissioned piece was sent to America. There are no known public performances or publications of this music prior to leaving the European continent. This piece is sometimes presented as furniture music No. 3.
As Satie's pieces of furniture music were very short pieces, with an indefinite number of repeats, this kind of furniture music later became associated with repetitive music (sometimes used as a synonym of minimal music), but this kind of terminology did not yet exist in Satie's time.
For a quarter of a century after the composer's death, all of the furniture music pieces remained hidden from the general public, apart from being mentioned in early Satie biographies. By the end of the 1960s parts of the furniture music started to appear as facsimile illustrations to press articles and new Satie biographies. The first full publication of sets 1 and 3 followed in the early 1970s. There was no full publication of the second set before the last years of the 20th century.
Several decades after Satie's death, furniture music was revived, largely due to the American composer John Cage, as the composer's theory of minimalist background music. Furniture music appeared as the launchpad for minimalist/experimental/avant-garde music since it was the first instance of music being played or produced out of context: not as a centerpiece but as a cerebral backdrop.
These and other related ideas were picked up by several composers of the neoclassical/20th-century school of music, accentuating atmosphere and texture over traditional form and movement. The minimalist references and anachronisms were not solidified until composer John Cage performed Satie's "hidden" piece Vexations 840 times as requested by Satie's own scribbled notes on the original sheet music.
Jaaved Jaaferi

Syed Jaaved Ahmed Jaffrey (born 4 December 1962) is an Indian actor, dancer, and comedian who has appeared in Hindi films and television shows. He is the son of the comedian Jagdeep. He joined the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) in March, 2014 and contested the 2014 Indian general election from the Lucknow constituency, finishing fifth.
Jaffrey is the son of comedian Jagdeep. He was born on 4 December 1962 in Bombay, Maharashtra, India (present-day Mumbai). He married in 1991 and has two sons and a daughter, including Meezaan.
He played Charlie Anna in the animated film Roadside Romeo, a collaborative effort of Yash Raj Films and Disney. He has commentated on the Japanese TV show Takeshi's Castle and Ninja Warrior on Pogo TV and Hungama respectively. He was also the judge for Karaoke World Championships India with Manasi Scott, music director Raju Singh, Salim Merchant, Sulaiman Merchant, founder and organizer of KWC INDIA, Savio Paul D'sa, Leslie Lewis, Remo Fernandes, and Sunita Rao.
Jaffrey has hosted award shows including Filmfare, Zee Cine Awards, and IIFA. He has also appeared in the Pakistani programme Loose Talk, portraying various characters from India.
He has been associated with advertising since 1980 as a model, choreographer, copywriter, producer and director. He has appeared in the comical Maggi Hot & Sweet Sauce commercials for 25 years.
Jaffrey hosted Big Googly on BIG 92.7FM created with Paritosh Painter. He also hosted Once More, where he talks about Bollywood films from the 1970s to the 1990s in his comic style, on Epic channel since 2015.
Jaffrey has been awarded the life membership of International Film And Television Club of Asian Academy of Film & Television. He was also the brand ambassador of the first India International Animation and Cartoon Film festival 2015.
The film Meri Jung, released in 1985, gave him his first opportunity to enact the role of a villain and showcase his dancing powers on screen. The launch of cable TV, particularly Channel [V] and its irreverent sense of humour, gave him a niche to depict his brand of comedy. He was called "TVdom's first real superstar". He anchored the show Flashback. Jaffrey also anchored the song programme, Timex Timepass, in which he shifted between the caricatures of characters.
He won his first IIFA Award for best comic role in Salaam Namaste in 2005. He hosts the dance competition show Boogie Woogie on Sony Entertainment Television Asia with his brother Naved Jaffery and friend Ravi Behl.
Jaffrey contested the 2014 Lok Sabha Elections from Lucknow as a candidate of Aam Aadmi Party but lost to BJP's Rajnath Singh. He had finished fifth in the constituency securing 41,429 votes.
Giralda de Badajoz

La Giralda​ es un edificio de estilo neomudéjar y regionalista andaluz situado en la ciudad de Badajoz, España. Se encuentra en la Plaza de la Soledad, en el Casco Antiguo, junto a la iglesia homónima, donde se halla la patrona de Badajoz.
La torre es una réplica casi exacta a escala de la popular Giralda de Sevilla, en Andalucía, construida siglos antes y que es campanario de la Catedral de Sevilla, considerada dentro del conjunto sevillano Alcázar/Archivo de Indias/Catedral como Patrimonio de la Humanidad.
La construcción se debe a Adel Pinna y al arquitecto Martín Corral, contratados por Manuel Cancho Moreno en 1930 y data de 1935. La torre sorprende por su arquitectura neoárabe de estilo regionalista andaluz, mezclándose tejas de cerámica, floreros, azulejería o forja, y rematándose con el dios Mercurio, símbolo del comercio. Ocupa el lugar dejado por la primera ermita de la Soledad, levantada en el siglo XVII.​
La construcción evoca las fórmulas de Aníbal González impuestas tras las realizaciones de la Feria Iberoamericana de Sevilla de 1929, constituyendo una creación ciertamente singular.​
La obra se levantó como sede de un popular establecimiento comercial, "Almacenes La Giralda", propiedad de Don Manuel Cancho Moreno. Sus hijos, Francisco, José, Manuel y Julián Cancho García, gestionaron el negocio hasta su venta a Telefónica, que lo restauró.
Actualmente es un importante monumento e icono de la ciudad que desde 2021 alberga el Museo telefónico de Extremadura.​
Giralda de Kansas City

La Giralda de Kansas City, Estados Unidos, es un monumento construido en 1967. Es una réplica de la Giralda de Sevilla y un símbolo del hermanamiento entre las dos ciudades.
J. C. Nichols visitó Sevilla en la década de 1920 y quiso construir una Giralda en el centro comercial Country Club Plaza en 1929 pero finalmente el proyecto no se llevó a cabo.​ En 1950 el centro comercial pasó a estar a cargo de su hijo, Miller Nichols.​
Miller Nichols visitó Sevilla durante la Feria de abril de 1966.​ Ese año Sevilla, siendo su alcalde Félix Moreno de la Cova, y Kansas City, siendo su alcalde Ilus W. Davis, se hicieron ciudades hermanas.​​ En 1967 se construyó en este centro comercial una réplica de la Giralda de aproximadamente 40 metros de alto y una réplica de la fuente de la Plaza Virgen de los Reyes de Sevilla.​ El edificio fue inaugurado el 4 de septiembre de 1967 en presencia del alcalde de Sevilla, Félix Moreno de la Cova.​​​
Sevilla, por su parte, tiene la avenida de Kansas City y un monumento conmemorativo, «El Explorador».​​​​
Giralda Sur

Giralda Sur es un barrio de Sevilla (España), que pertenece al distrito Sur. Está situado en la zona noroeste del distrito. Limita al norte con el barrio La Buhaira; al este, con el barrio de El Plantinar; al sur, con los barrios de Felipe II-Los Diez Mandamientos y Tiro de Línea-Santa Genoveva; y al oeste, con el barrio de Huerta de la Salud.​
Torre Hasán

La torre Hasan es un alminar de la ciudad marroquí de Rabat.
El sultán almohade Yaqub al-Mansur (siglo XII) proyectaba construir la mezquita más grande del mundo después de la de Samarra en Irak. Las obras fueron abandonadas tras su muerte en 1199. La torre debía medir más de 60 metros, pero solo llegó a los 44. En la actualidad, el aspecto de la mezquita es el de un bosque de gruesas columnas en el que sobresale la gran torre, hermana del alminar que luego se convirtió en la Giralda de Sevilla y del de la mezquita Kutubiyya de Marrakech.
En la explanada de la mezquita se construyó también el mausoleo de Mohammed V, primer rey del Marruecos moderno, en el que está enterrado asimismo su hijo y sucesor Hasan II, padre del actual rey.