davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Coat of arms of Uruguay

The coat of arms of Uruguay was first adopted by law on March 19, 1829, and later on had some minor modification in 1906 and 1908. It was supposedly designed by Juan Manuel Besnes Irigoyen.
It consists of an oval shield, which is divided into four equal sections and crowned by a rising golden sun, the Sun of May, symbolizing the rising of the Uruguayan nation and the May Revolution. The oval is surrounded by a laurel branch on the left and an olive one on the right, symbolising triumph and peace respectively, tied at the bottom by a light blue ribbon, the former uruguayan cockade.
In the upper left quarter there is a golden scale on a blue background, symbol of equality and justice.
The upper right quarter contains the Cerro de Montevideo (Montevideo Hill) with its fortress on top on a silver background, as a symbol of strength.
In the lower left, also on a silver background, there is a galloping black horse, symbolizing liberty.
The lower right quarter holds a golden ox on blue background, as a symbol of abundance and plenty.
From 1829 the coat of arms was ornamented with multiple Uruguayan Flags on each side and weapons. The wreath was made of oak. In 1906 the design was simplified and standardized by law, eliminating all ornaments.
Flag of the Hispanic People

The flag of the Hispanic People (Spanish: Bandera de la Hispanidad, flag of the Hispanicity) is an ethnic flag used to represent the Hispanic people or Hispanic community.
The Flag of the Hispanicity displays a white background with three purple crosses and a rising sun.
The flag was designed by Ángel Camblor, a captain of the Uruguayan Army. He was the winner of a contest organized by Juana de Ibarbourou in 1932. The flag was first raised in Montevideo, at the Independence Square, on 12 October 1932.
The flag was formerly known as "Flag of the Hispanic race" (Spanish: Bandera de la raza hispánica).
The flag is also sometimes occasionally alternately used to represent the entire geographical area of The Americas and not just as a flag of the Hispanic American people. The flag was officially adopted as the Flag of the Americas—in this usage representing, besides Hispanic Americans, also Anglo-Americans, Franco-Americans (the Québécois, Haitians, Guadeloupians, Martininqians, and French Guianians), Luso-Americans, Dutch Americans (the inhabitants of the Dutch Antilles and Suriname), and Greenlanders—by all member countries of the Pan-American Conference at their Seventh Assembly in 1933.
Stephanie Cayo

Stephanie Cristina Cayo Sanguinetti (born April 8, 1988) is a Peruvian actress, singer and songwriter.
When she was 10 years old, she appeared in Peruvian telenovela Travesuras del Corazón. She later appeared as a primary character in several TV series, particularly gaining international exposure playing the main female character in the internationally-broadcast Besos Robados.
She is the younger sister of actresses Bárbara Cayo and Fiorella Cayo.
Frederick Sanguinetti

Frederick Shedden Sanguinetti, ISO (13 September 1847 – 25 October 1906) was a British colonial administrator. After serving as Colonial Secretary of the Falkland Islands from 1890 to 1891, he was the first Commissioner of the Cayman Islands from 1898 to 1906.
Born in Jamaica, the son of the sugar planter Moses Sanguinetti, JP, Frederick Sanguinetti was educated at Cheltenham Grammar School. Joining the civil service in Jamaica in 1863, he was Acting Commissioner of the Turks and Caicos Islands in 1883 and 1884. He was Colonial Secretary of the Falkland Islands from 1890 to 1891.
Appointed Commissioner of the Cayman Islands in 1898, Sanguinetti worked to diversify the economy of the islands, but was met with difficulties. Afflicted with cancer, he returned to England for treatment in 1906, dying in Gloucester soon after his arrival.
Public holidays in Uruguay

The following are public holidays in Uruguay.
Only 11 of these holidays imply a mandatory paid leave for workers. The remaining holidays are generally observed by schools, public sector offices, banks, and a few private companies.
According to Uruguayan Law 16,805 with modifications of Law 17,414, the holidays declared by law, subject to the commemoration of them, follow the following scheme (whose commemoration as “moveable holidays”):
This will not occur with Carnival and Tourism Week, and corresponding to January 1 and 6, May 1, June 19, July 18, August 25, November 2 and December 25, which will continue watching on the day of the week that may occur, whatever the same.
Davide Sanguinetti

Davide Sanguinetti (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdaːvide saŋɡwiˈnetti]; born 25 August 1972) is an Italian former professional male tennis player.
Born in Viareggio in Tuscany, he attended the Harry Hopman academy in Florida and then UCLA. He now resides in Monte Carlo.
Sanguinetti has won two ATP singles titles in 2002, defeating Roger Federer (Milan Indoor) and Andy Roddick (Delray Beach) in the finals, and one doubles titles (Umag 1997). His career-high singles ranking was World No. 42 (31 December 2005), and he has represented Italy in the Davis Cup since 1998.
In 1998, Sanguinetti made a run to the Wimbledon quarter-finals, defeating Johan Van Herck, Franco Squillari, Vladimir Voltchkov and Francisco Clavet before losing to Richard Krajicek in straight sets. At the 2005 US Open, Sanguinetti achieved one of the most memorable runs of his career, reaching the fourth round. He defeated Carlos Moyá and Paradorn Srichaphan – the latter in a four-and-a-half-hour match – before losing to David Nalbandian. However, he gained a bit of redemption when he upset Nalbandian in the first round of the Rogers Cup in Toronto on 7 August 2006.
Sanguinetti has a .500 record in Davis Cup matches, last playing against Zimbabwe in 2003, defeating Nigel Badza and losing to Wayne Black.
He was the coach of Vince Spadea 2008–11, and subsequently coached Go Soeda and Dinara Safina. Starting in October 2023, he became the coach of Brandon Nakashima. He now coaches Elena Rybakina.
Giorgio Sanguinetti

Giorgio Sanguinetti is an Italian musicologist, music historian and music theorist. He is best known as the author of The Art of Partimento: History, Theory, and Practice, the first monograph dedicated to the history, theory, and practice of partimento instruction as practiced in the music conservatories of Naples from the end of the 17th century to the middle of the 19th century. Sanguinetti is full professor of theory and analysis of music at the University of Rome Tor Vergata.
Sanguinetti graduated in piano at the Milan Conservatory in 1976 and in music composition at the Conservatorio Statale di Musica "Gioachino Rossini" in 1993. Post-graduation, Sanguinetti studied piano with Vera Gobbi Belcredi, and music composition with Vieri Tosatti in Rome. In 1994, Sanguinetti studied Schenkerian analysis privately with Carl Schachter in New York.
La Légende du Mont-Saint-Michel

La Légende du Mont-Saint-Michel zo un danevell gant Guy de Maupassant, embannet en 1882.
La Légende du Mont-Saint-Michel zo bet embannet da gentañ e Gil Blas an 19 a viz Kerzu 1882.
Goude e voe adembannet en dastumad Clair de lune en 1883.
Menez Mikael ar Mor

Menez Mikael ar Mor eo anv brezhonek ar roc'h, warni un abati kozh hag ur gêriadenn, er gumun c'hall Le Mont-Saint-Michel, e departamant gall ar Manche, e Normandi, nepell diouzh harzoù gant Breizh. Ul lec'h touristel-kenañ eo. Ne chome nemet 25 annezad eno e 2021.
Un toull-bac'h eo bet ivez.
Niver a annezidi
Daou zug eus Breizh zo bet douaret eno : Konan I ha Jafrez I.
Nepell eus Menez-Mikael emañ Menez-Dol e Breizh hag an enezig Tombelaine e Normandi.
E Kernev-Veur ez eus ur roc'h bihanoc'h zo anvet e saozneg Saint Michael's Mount, da lavaret eo Menez Mikael ivez. E kerneveureg eo anvet Karrek Loos y'n Koos. Abaoe 2008 eo gevellet Menez-Mikael gant bourc'h Miyajima war enez Itsuku e Japan.
Saint-Michel

Saint-Michel zo un anv-lec'h gallek, stank e Bro-C'hall. E galleg e vez graet ivez "la Saint-Michel" ouzh deiz Gouel Mikael d'an 29 a viz Gwengolo.
Kalz lec'hioù anvet Saint-Michel a oa a-raok lec'hioù kensakret da Lug, doue meur ar Gelted kozh.
hag ivez
Dilhad

Ur pezh dilhad, pe ur gwisk, zo ur pezh gwiad (pe un danvez moan all) a vez lakaet war ar c'horf, pe en-dro dezhañ, da c'holeiñ un darn anezhañ. Ur gwiskamant zo ur pezh dilhad peurvuiañ, hag an holl bezhioù dilhad gwisket war ar c'horf a-wechoù.
A bep seurt dilhad zo:
Sellet ouzh ar pennad ledanoc'h : Istor an dilhad
En amzerioù koshañ e teue an dilhad eus ezhommoù an dud d'en em wiskañ en un doare simpl ha pleustrek. Pelloc'h e teuas levezon ar c'hiz, ken e vez dibabet gwiskañ dilhad pe zilhad evit abegoù sokial. War a seblant e voe implijet kreoñv loened, da gentañ, evit en em wareziñ diouzh an amzer, fall pe vrav. Goude int bet aozet evit aesaat an oberezhioù boutin ha divoutin. Abretoc'h eo deuet aozadur an dilhad un doare evit en em stipañ (en em fichañ brav) ha seul vuioc'h ma vez tro da stagañ bragerizoù warno. Hervez an oberezhioù ez eus bet fardet dilhad arbennik : dilhad-brezel, dilhad-labour, dilhad-lid, dilhad-sport, etc... En Europa e oa bet emdroadurioù stankoc'h adalek ar XIV kantved pa oa kresket live an teknikoù ha pa voe degaset danvezioù nevez diwar gresk an eskemmoù kenwerzhel.
Bezañ gwarezet diouzh ar gwallamzer eo an abeg degemeretañ gant an istorourien evit displegañ perak eo bet ijinet an dilhad.
Dilhad-dindan

An dilhad-dindan a zo dilhad a vez gwisket war ar c'hroc'hen ha dindan dilhad all. A-hend-all, daoust d'ar ster ledanoc'h gant ar ger gallek, n'int ket dilhad-dindan.
A bep seurt stumm, a bep seurt liv eo an dilhad-dindan, hag a bep seurt anvioù a vez roet dezho gant ar c'hiz, ha buan e kemm ar c'hiz hag an anvioù.
Danvezioù evel ar gloan zo displijus d'ar c'hroc'hen. Neuze e klasker gwiskañ dilhad-dindan flour, skañv e-pad an hañv, ha tomm e-pad ar goañv. Abalamour d'an dour-c'hwezh ivez ne zouger ket n'eus forzh petra. Gwelloc'h kotoñs war ar c'hroc'hen eget akrilik.
Kannerez

Ur gannerez zo ur plac'h a gann an dilhad. Daou zoare zo da gompren ar ger kannañ amañ: pe ar plac'h a laka an dilhad gwenn-kann, pe an hini a sko war ar c'houez gant ur c'holvazh (gwalc'h/bazh).
E kouentoù dalc'het gant leanezed e veze kemeret dilhad lous a veze roet da gannañ da verc'hed fiziet enne hag a veze implijet a-wechoù tost evel sklavezed.
Gwechall e veze kannet dilhad gant ar merc'hed en ur poull-kannañ pe en ur wazh. Gweladennet e vez hiziv kanndioù Pontrev (n'int ket tier e gwirionez) ha lec'hioù all.
Kannerezed-noz a veze gwelet en-dro d'ar poulloù haga c'halle beuziñ ar baotred a glaske merc'heta ouzh skleur al loar.
Labourat a rae ar merc'hed e kanndioù a oa gwir dier, ma veze tomm berv ha brevus al labour.
Plijout a rae d'al livourien poltrediñ kannerezed: brudet eo re al livourien c'hall Jean Siméon Chardin (en XVIII kantved) hag Edgar Degas (en XIX).
Poull-kannañ

Ur poull-kannañ zo ur poull ma veze kannet an dilhad.
E Breizh ne veze ket kannet en ur poull dalc'hmat, hogen a-wechoù en ur wazh, evel e Gwengamp, pe Pontrev, ma veze aozet lez an Treñv evit aesaat labour ar c'hannerezed.
War ar stêrioù bras e veze aozet bagoù da zegemer kannerezed.
Kastell-Nevez-ar-Faou

Kastell-Nevez-ar-Faou, anvet ar C'hastell-Nevez hepken dre gomz peurvuiañ, zo ur gumun e departamant Penn-ar-Bede Breizh.
Lec'hiet eo Kastell-Nevez-ar-Faou war ribl kanol Naoned-Brest, ar Stêr Aon, etre Menez Are en norzh hag ar Menez Du er su. Emañ er vroig Dardoup.
En glazur e gastell digor en argant, didoullet ha mogeriet en sabel, heuliet ouzh beg gant un dreustell gommek en argant.
Niver a annezidi
Al livour Paul Sérusier (1863-1927) a deue ingal da Gastell-Nevez-ar-Faou azalek 1893. Ken bamet e oa deuet da vezañ gant maezioù kaer an trowardroioù ma tivizas prenañ un ti eno e 1906, daoust ma ne oa ket gwall binvidik (Kustumet e veze da livañ taolennoù evit ostizien ostalirioù Kastell-Nevez evit kaout un dra bennak da zebriñ pe gounit un tamm gwenneg bennak).
Dre se ha dre an darempredoù mat en devoa gant Kastellneveziz eo bev-kenañ e levezon er gêr-se bepred. Un toullad eus e oberennoù a c'haller sellet outo c'hoazh, evel e vurlivadurioù e iliz-parrez sant Juluan pe e vurlivadur brudet ouzh moger diabarzh an ti-kêr. Al levezon-se a zispleg ivez e kaver, hiriv an deiz, forzhig tud o livañ evit o flijadur menezioù, traoñiennoù pe koadoù ar vro o klask kenderc'hel an erv bet boulc'het gant Sérusier.
Testamant Nevez hon aotrou hag hor salver Jesus Christ

Testamant Nevez hon aotrou hag hor Zalver Jesus-Christ zo ul levr brezhonek embannet meur a wech, e Brest hag e Pariz. Gant ar pastor kembreat John Jenkins e oa bet troet an Testamant Nevez e brezhoneg, hag embannet e oa bet e 1847 evit ar wech kentañ, e Brest. Adembannet e voe e 1851, 1854, 1863 ha 1870. Adwelet e oa bet gant e vab, Alfred-Llenwelyn Jenkins, embannet e Pariz ha moullet e Bro-Saoz, gant ar memes titl bepred war-bouez ar c'hemm "salver/zalver", e 1885, hag adembannet e 1897, 1920, 1927 ha 1935.
Advoullet eo bet al levr c'hoazh gant Nabu Press e 2010. E talbenn al levr e lenner, dindan an titl, lakeat e brezonec ha reizet hervez ar vam-scrid henc'hresianek.
Kalz e tenn al levr-se da d-Testamant nevez hon aotrou Jézuz-Krist, hag a oa troidigezh kentañ an Testamant Nevez e brezhoneg, gant Yann-Frañsez ar Gonideg, embannet en Angoulême e 1827.
Amerindianed

An Amerindianed pe Indianed amerikan, eo an anv hollek a vez graet, dre aesoni, eus annezerion gentañ Amerika, da lavarout eo Norzhamerika , kenkoulz evel Kreizamerika pe Suamerika.
Implijet e vez ar ger amerindianed evit komz eus ar c'hentañ tud deuet er c'hevandir amerikan.
E 1492 e oa degouezhet an ergerzher Kristol Goulm en Amerika ; soñjal a reas avat e oa erruet en Indez. Abalamour d'ar fazi-se e vez bepred implijet ar ger Indian evit komz eus pobloù ar Bed Nevez.
Gant labourioù ar c'hartennour Martin Waldseemüller, e penn-kentañ ar XVI kantved, e kroger da gomz eus ar c'hevandir amerikan, en enor d'an ergerzher Amerigo Vespucci ; e annezidi a zeuas da vezañ anvet Amerindianed evit lakaat kemm etrezo ha poblañs India.
Gwerc'hez Vari

Ar Werc'hez Vari pe an Itron Varia eo an anv a reer e brezhoneg, hervez doare ar gristenien, eus Mari (diwar an hebraeg Miriam), mamm Jezuz a Nazaret, an den a zo kontet e vuhez er Pevar Aviel.
Pa voe dougerez e oa kefrisa da Jozeb, hag e oa gwerc'hez, hervez ar gristenien.
Hervez ar relijion gristen e wilioudas hag e oa bepred gwerc'hez, evel a oa bet kemennet gant an arc'hael Gabriel d'an deiz anvet Gouel Maria Veurzh, pe Gouel ar C'heloù Mat. Krouet e oa bet ar bugel gant ar Spered Santel. E skridoù koshoc'h e voe meneget e oa Joachim hag Anna a oa tad ha mamm dezhi.
E kreizik-kreiz ar feiz katolik emañ an deoliezh d'ar Werc'hez Vari. Nouspet levr brezhonek a zo bet skrivet war an danvez-se en hor yezh.
Gwreg

Ur wreg zo un den deuet d'he ment, dezhi reizh parezed ar wazed, hag en oad da zougen bugale. Gwragez a vez lavaret el liester. Komzet e vez eus gwragez ha merc'hed yaouank. Peurvuiañ e reer an anv gwreg eus ur plac'h pe ur vaouez dimezet.
Buhez ur plac'h en Europa ar c'hornôg en hon amzer a zo bepred mont da wreg ha da vamm, da lavarout eo dimeziñ pe "paksiñ", rak an holl draoù-se a ya a-unan hervez an divezoiriezh kristen en deus merket don-tre ar stuzegezh, met digreskiñ a ra an euredoù sivil keit ha ma kresk ar EKAGoù. A-raok-se, an hini na zimeze ket a chome da vatezh gant he zad, pe a yae d'ar gouent er broioù katolik. Darn a yae da vitizhien da di tud pinvidikoc'h. Un nebeudig a yae da c'histi er c'hêrioù.
En Europa ar Grennamzer, ha betek kreiz an ugentved kantved, ne veze ket dimezet an dud dre garantez, goude ma oa ar pep gwellañ hervez al lennegezh. Aozet e veze an dimezioù gant an tadoù, pe an ezhec'h. Ret e oa d'ar wreg bout gwerc'h. Argouroù a veze roet gant tad ar wreg d'he gwaz. Ar wreg a chome er gêr d'ober war-dro an ti, da sevel ar vugale. Ar merc'hed ne vezent ket skoliet nemeur, pa vezent.
Un avoultrerez eo ar wreg he deus darempredoù gant ur gwaz ha n'eo ket he fried.
Un intañvez eo ar wreg a zo marvet he gwaz diganti.
En XX kantved ez eus c'hoarvezet kemm bras e buhez ar merc'hed en Europa.
E kevredigezhioù zo n'eo ket aet ar c'hemm ken buan, dreist-holl war ar maez en Europa ar reter. Gwasoc'h c'hoazh eo stad an traoù en Afrika pe er broioù muzulman.
Heñvelster e vez gwreg ha maouez a-wechoù:
Er ster-se e vez komzet eus
Peurvuiañ hiriv e talv gwreg kement ha maouez dimezet. Komzet e vez eus gwreg un den, hag enebet e vez ouzh ar ger gwaz neuze, pe ouzh ar ger ozhac'h. Komz a reer ivez eus an daou bried, pe eus ar priedoù.
Dañvad

Ur bronneg daskirier doñv eus ar c'herentiad Bovidae, anv spesad Ovis aries eo an dañvad (liester : deñved). M'eo dañvad anv boutin ar spesad eo maout anv ar par, dañvadez anv ar barez hag oan anv an hini bihan. Maget e vez an deñved evit o c'hreoñv a zo graet gant gloan, evit o c'hig hag evit laezh an dañvadezed implijet evit fardañ meur a seurt fourmaj.
Eus ur ger predenek martezeüs *damatos e teu dañvad. Savet e oa bet war ur wrizienn indezeuropek a dalvez « doñvaat » hag a gaver ivez er c'hembraeg dafad, er c'herneveureg davas.
TZ Arietis

TZ Arietis a zo ur gorrez ruz er steredeg Aries. Daoust m'emañ lec'hiet 14.5 bloavezh-goulou diouzh an Heol hepken eo re wan da vezañ gwelet gant an daoulagad noazh. Ur steredenn-darzh eo.
Roll ar stered tostañ
Dron

Dron eo an termen boas roet d'un nijerez hep sturier na den all ebet en he bourzh, pellsturiet pe emren. En XXvet kantved e oant bet savet gant ur soñj milourel nemetken, evit seveniñ kefridioù amreoliek, lous pe re zañjerus evit ar soudarded. En XXIañ kantved int deuet da vezañ un ostilh diazez e kalz armeoù. Dre ma z'int bet gwellaet hag izelaet o frizioù, int implijet muioc'h-mui er-maez eus an takadoù brezel. An implijoù nevez zo, da skouer, luc'hskeudennoù adal an oabl, evezhiañ tiriadoù, labour-douar teknikel, evezhiañ an tanioù-gwall er c'hoadeier, evezhiañ stêrioù hag an endro dre vras, evezhiañ liv an amzer, evezhiañ polis pe surentez, furchal danframmoù, stourm a-enep ar floderezh, dezougen produioù, dronoù evit an dudi, ha dronoù redadeg.
Doareoù lies a zo da envel an dronoù. Drone a zeu eus ar ger saoznek a dalvez tad-gwenan. Implijet eo ar ger-se abaoe penn-kentañ ijinadenn an nijerezh, evel da skouer sibloù aerlestr evit ma c'hallje al listri-brezel pleustriñ gant o c'hanolioù. Er bloavezhioù 1920 e oa ar Fairey Queen hag er bloavezhioù 1930 an De Havilland Queen Bee.
Mont-Saint-Michel Bay

The Mont-Saint-Michel Bay (French: baie du Mont-Saint-Michel, pronounced [bɛ dy mɔ̃ sɛ̃ miʃɛl]; Breton: Bae Menez-Mikael) is located between Brittany (to the south west) and the Normandy peninsula of Cotentin (to the south and east). The bay was listed as a UNESCO world heritage site in 1979 for its aesthetic quality and its importance to the Christian tradition. Due to the significant tidal movements in this region (over 10 meters) a large part of the bay is uncovered at low tide. There are two granitic islands in the bay: Tombelaine and the Mont-Saint-Michel. Many birds and harbor seals live in this area.
Mont-Saint-Michel Bay is about 500 km (190 sq mi) in size.
The following towns and villages surround the bay, from north to south:
Three small rivers end in the bay (and cross it at low tide): the Couesnon, now blocked to the west of Mont Saint-Michel by a causeway, the Sée and the Sélune. The very low slope of the bay and the very large tides formed a mascaret in those rivers that can travel upstream for many kilometers.
Three larger rivers end in the bay: the Sélune, the Sée and mainly the Couesnon that, accordingly to some local folk stories, was originally the boundary between Normandy and Brittany but then moved to the West of the Mont placing it in Normandy. In reality the boundary is not at the river location but 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) further to the west, at the foot of Mont Saint-Broladre.
Some of the biggest tides in Europe occur in Mont-Saint-Michel Bay: with an average 10 metres (33 ft) amplitude, they reach 12 metres (39 ft) in average and up to 16 metres (52 ft) during the highest tides. This is due in part to the low depth of the bay and the barrier effect from the Cotentin Peninsula.
The ocean moves very fast, both at low and at high tide, up to 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away. The tides have been described by Victor Hugo as "à la vitesse d'un cheval au galop (as swiftly as a galloping horse)". In reality the full extent of the tides is only visible at the entry of the bay (the sea level around the mont Saint-Michel is above the low tide level) and its actual speed is closer to a walking human, the fastest observed being around 6.1 km/h.
The tides mix the water, creating a rich local ecosystem. The intertidal zone, the coastal area affected by the tides is about 200 km2 wide.
During the highest tide, a tidal bore can be observed—less so since the bay has been under restoration work.
Polders have been developed in Mont-Saint-Michel Bay from the 8th century or earlier than that. Between "Pointe de Château-Richeux" and Mont Saint-Broladre seashell deposits have been used to create levees around Dol marsh. To the East of Sainte-Anne chapel is the "Duchesse-Anne" levee. It is 20 kilometres (12 mi) long. It was built during the 11th century using granite rocks. It marks the southern border of the polders.
In 1856, M. Mosselman, founder of the "Cie des Polders de l'Ouest", was given a concession to cultivate 3,800 hectares of shoreline between Sainte-Anne chapel, Moidrey bay, Roche-Torin and the Mont Saint Michel.
Farmer Wants a Wife

Farmer Wants a Wife is a reality television series developed by Fremantle Media. The basic structure of the programme is that a number of farmers are presented with women from the city, from whom they choose one to be their spouse. The first edition premièred in the United Kingdom on ITV in 2001. However, the original format of the programme is likely to date back to the TV programme Bauer sucht Bäuerin, which was broadcast in 1983 on SF DRS in Switzerland.
Some versions have also occasionally included gay or women farmers who were seeking husbands.
After its UK debut in 2001, the show had more than 10 localised versions around the world, with mixed ratings reports. It was the No. 1 television show for stations that aired it in Belgium and Norway, and was the highest rated (up to 60%) entertainment show in the Netherlands.
Premiered in spring 2008, the U.S. version of Farmer Wants a Wife consists of 8 episodes, during which 10 women are trying to be chosen by just one bachelor farmer. In this the U.S. version differed from the other international versions and it was more fictionalised. This version got cancelled by The CW after one season.
In September 2009, Farmer Wants a Wife returned to British television for a series on Channel 5, presented by singer and television personality Louise Redknapp.
Artisan

An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates material objects partly or entirely by hand. These objects may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative art, sculpture, clothing, food items, household items, and tools and mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker. Artisans practice a craft and may through experience and aptitude reach the expressive levels of an artist.
The adjective "artisanal" is often used in describing hand-processing in contrast to an industrial process, such as in the phrase artisanal mining. Thus, "artisanal" is sometimes used in marketing and advertising as a buzz word to describe or imply some relation with the crafting of handmade food products, such as bread, beverages, cheese or textiles. Many of these have traditionally been handmade, rural or pastoral goods but are also now commonly made on a larger scale with automated mechanization in factories and other industrial areas.
Artisans were the dominant producers of primary products before the Industrial Revolution.
In ancient Greece, artisans were drawn to agoras and often built workshops nearby.
During the Middle Ages, the term "artisan" was applied to those who made things or provided services. It did not apply to unskilled manual labourers. Artisans were divided into two distinct groups: those who operated their own businesses and those who did not. The former were called masters, while the latter were the journeymen and apprentices.
One misunderstanding many people have about this social group is that they picture them as "workers" in the modern sense: employed by someone. The most influential group among the artisans were the masters, the business owners. The owners enjoyed a high social status in their communities, and organised into guilds in towns and cities.
Shokunin is a Japanese word for "artisan" or "craftsman", which also implies a pride in one's own work. In the words of shokunin Tashio Odate:
Traditionally, shokunin honoured their tools of trade at New Year's – the sharpened and taken-care of tools would be placed in a tokonoma (a container or box still found in Japanese houses and shops), and two rice cakes and a tangerine (on top of rice paper) were placed on top of each toolbox, to honour the tools and express gratitude for performing their task.
Tennessee Farmers Cooperative

Tennessee Farmers Cooperative (TFC) is a federated agricultural supply cooperative established in 1945 and headquartered in La Vergne, Tennessee. TFC has 54 member co-ops that are owned by some 64,000 farmers across the state. The cooperative's production and distribution centers are located at Tenco near Maryville in East Tennessee and Jackson in West Tennessee. TFC serves more than half a million customers through 164 retail outlets located in 84 of Tennessee's 95 counties as well as several locations in neighboring states of Kentucky, Georgia, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Missouri, and Mississippi. In 2014, TFC had consolidated sales of nearly $770 million.
At the conclusion of World War II, Tennesseans began to show an intense interest in forming their own farm supply business. Their dream was to have a dependable source for production inputs needed in their farming operations. After careful study of farm supply cooperatives in other states, it was the recommendation of a special committee appointed by the Tennessee Farm Bureau Federation, under the leadership of Al Jerdan, University of Tennessee marketing specialist, that a federated cooperative system be established in Tennessee.
Through the combined efforts of the 33 county associations already established and the Tennessee Farm Bureau Federation, TFC received its charter of incorporation from the state on Sept. 27, 1945. TFC headquarters were originally established in Columbia. They were later moved to Nashville and eventually to La Vergne, where they are still located.
Each of TFC's member Co-ops is a separate, independent cooperative business controlled by farmer members. The farmer members, each of whom owns one share of voting stock, are responsible for electing a local board of directors, which establishes that particular co-op's policies and employs the general manager. The daily operation of the business is under the direction and supervision of the general manager, who answers to the board of directors.
Another feature of the federated cooperative is that any savings above the cost of doing business are returned to the member patron on a patronage basis. Because savings are distributed locally, the money remains in the area where the Co-op is located.
The cooperative system in Tennessee is divided into three zones, roughly reflecting the three Grand Divisions of the state — East, Middle, and West Tennessee. Three farmer–members from each zone are elected by member Co-ops to represent them on TFC's board of directors.
With its headquarters in La Vergne and facilities in East and West Tennessee, TFC has a total of three distribution centers, three fertilizer plants, five feed mills, a metal fabrication plant, a farm equipment facility, and a maintenance shop. In addition, a seed conditioning and vegetable and lawn seed packaging facility are located at Halls in West Tennessee, and TFC operates barge terminals in Nashville and Ft. Loudoun in East Tennessee.
Ministry of Agriculture (France)

The Ministry of Agriculture, Agrifood, and Forestry (French: Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'agroalimentaire et de la forêt) of France is the governmental body charged with regulation and policy for agriculture, food, and forestry.
The Ministry's headquarters are in the Hôtel de Villeroy, at 78 Rue de Varenne in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, adjacent to Hotel Matignon.
Prior to 21 June 2012, the Ministry's remit was somewhat different; its full title was Ministry of Agriculture, Food, Fisheries, Rural Affairs and Spatial Planning (French: Ministère de l'Agriculture, de l'Alimentation, de la Pêche, de la Ruralité et de l'Aménagement du territoire).
The regional directorates for food, agriculture and forests (DRAAFs) oversee the implementation of policies for agriculture, food (particularly health safety), aquaculture and forests. Their missions cover the content and organisation of agricultural education. They contribute to employment policy in the fields of farming, agri-food, forestry and freshwater aquaculture.
The Minister of Agriculture, Food, Fishing and Rural Affairs is a cabinet member in the Government of France.
Cartulary of Mont-Saint-Michel

The Cartulary of Mont-Saint-Michel is a collection of illuminated manuscript charters from Mont-Saint-Michel Abbey in Normandy. It was begun in the mid-12th century in the abbey's scriptorium, but more documents were added up to the 14th century. It is currently kept in the ancient collection of the Bibliothèque Intercommunale, Avranches (MS. 210).
The cartulary was intended to compile the temporal charters of Mont-Saint-Michel Abbey. Its precise date is debated by historians, with some arguing from the dates contained in the oldest charters that it was initiated by Bernard the Venerable, abbot until 1149, then continued under his successor Abbot Geoffroy [fr]. This corresponds to an eventful period for the abbey during which its privileges were contested by the Dukes of Normandy. The cartulary would have served to justify these privileges granted by the Pope, the King of France and the former dukes. For others, compilation began only under the abbacy of Robert of Torigni, in 1154. It seems that a first part is dated before 1154 and that additional parts were added in another writing between 1155 and 1159. Other elements, charters and other texts, were added in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries.
When the abbey closed during the French Revolution, all the books kept there were transferred to Avranches, along with those from the other libraries of the abbeys in the district, while the archives were transferred to Saint-Lô. While the cartulary should have followed the archival documents, it was classified with the books and is therefore found in Avranches. It belonged first to the library of the central school of the city, then, after the suppression of the latter, this library became municipal. These are the last remaining charters of the Mont-Saint-Michel Abbey, those preserved in Saint-Lô having mostly been destroyed by fire during the bombardment of the city in 1944.
This is a manuscript of 138 bound folios, containing:
The original cartulary of the manuscript, dated to the middle of the 12th century, is decorated with several ornate initials: they are placed at the beginning of each charter. The letters are very little varied, as it is most often an "I" or "L", but each letter has a different decoration. The initials of the oldest part are black in colour, and contain fantastic animals mixed with interlacing: unicorns, billy goats, owls and werewolves, inspired by Physiologus or by folklore. Other initials are blue or red. The manuscript also contains four miniatures covering all or most of their page:
The style of these miniatures is not inspired by the Norman Romanesque illumination of this period, but is similar to that of illuminations made on the banks of the Loire or in the region of Le Mans, certain details being reminiscent of the stained glass windows of Le Mans Cathedral. It is possible that the illuminator who came to decorate the work in the scriptorium of the Mount came from this city. He may have been a layman.
Sohan Roy

Sohan Roy is an Indian entrepreneur and film director and producer based at Sharjah. He is the founder, chairman, and CEO of Aries Group of Companies, and a Naval Architect.
Sohan Roy started his career as a Marine engineer, and later worked as a marine surveyor at several companies. He started Aries Marine & Engineering Services in 1998, headquartered in Sharjah, UAE.
Roy directed the film DAM999 whose screenplay was added to the permanent core collection in the library of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. His Aries group has taken over actor Mohanlal's Vismayas Max studio complex, Kerala's first DTS studio, situated at Thiruvananthapuram. He worked as Project Designer of World’s second CSR movie – Aickarakkonathe Bhishaguaranmaar.
He is the founder-director of Concept Indywood, Founder President of Indywood Billionaires Club.
Roy is also a poet and author, he has been writing four line short poetry, known as 'Anukavyam' every day for the past two years.
Forbes listed Roy among top Indian leaders of the Arab world four times in a row since 2015 to 2019.
He was honored with the Honorary Professional Doctorate Certificate in Global Leadership and Management by European International University (EIU), Paris.
He was awarded with Knighthood of Parte Guelfa, thus becoming first Indian to be awarded with this award.
Indelibly Stamped

Indelibly Stamped is the second album by the English rock band Supertramp, released in 1971. It marked a dramatic change in direction to a more straightforward rock sound, and by admission of the band's own liner notes, "Travelled" is the only song with any resemblance to their debut album. Like their debut, this album was a commercial failure upon release, but in later decades it went gold in France and Canada. Original editions have a colour gate-fold cover and different text for the band name and album title. The cover photograph features the tattooed torso and arms of a topless woman. This is the first Supertramp album issued in the U.S. The album was banned from a number of record stores in Australia, while others sold each copy inside a brown paper sleeve.
The cover depicts the tattooed torso and arms of a topless woman. According to Paul Sayce, writing in Tattoo News, the model was Marion Hollier, who was extensively tattooed at the Les Skuse Tattoo Studio in the 1960s. An article published in The People shortly after the album's release also identifies Hollier as the model, noting that she was paid £45 for the job (equivalent to £800 in 2023).
Roger Hodgson later said Indelibly Stamped was "the survival album to put ourselves back in the good books of our manager. There was no theme worked out for the album and we were floundering." New members Kevin Currie and Frank Farrell were recruited shortly before the recording sessions.
The song "Times Have Changed" evolved out of a song called "Times of Rain", which was written with Richard Palmer-James while he was still a member of the group. Rick Davies and Roger Hodgson wrote new lyrics to the song, renaming it "Times Have Changed".
Supporting tours for the album began with a series of shows at the P.N. Club in Munich, which had been the site for Supertramp's first public performances. Rick Davies described their stage show at the time as "all Rock and Roll really. We used to get people up on the bloody stage and it was just chaos, hopping away doing about three encores, but there was meat and potatoes behind it. No more or less people would come to the next gig." This was the last album Roger Hodgson played bass during his tenure with Supertramp.
In his brief retrospective review, AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine said that the album was an improvement over their debut, but still indulged too much in lengthy instrumental sections.
All songs written by Rick Davies and Roger Hodgson, except where noted.
All lead vocals by Rick Davies, except where noted.
Production
Emad Khashoggi

Emad Khashoggi (Arabic: عماد خاشقجي; born 25 March 1968) is a Saudi businessman and the head of COGEMAD. He initiated the Château Louis XIV development project in Louveciennes, France.
Emad Khashoggi was born in Lebanon's capital Beirut. His father, Adil Khashoggi, has headed up several property developments in Saudi Arabia. His grandfather, Muhammad Khashoggi was of Turkish origin from Kayseri and the personal physician to King Abdulaziz Al Saud. Emad Khashoggi is also the nephew of businessman Adnan Khashoggi. His surname, Khashoggi, means "spoon maker" (Kaşıkçı) in the Turkish language.
In 1989, Emad Khashoggi founded COGEMAD, a company that develops haute-couture estates and interiors. In the early 2000s, after several successful property developments in France and overseas, in particular the renovation of Château du Verduron and Palais Rose du Vésinet, he and his company set their sights on a new project, homage to the 17th century architecture and a true international showcase of the finest French craftsmanship: the Château Louis XIV.
In 2009, a plot of wooded land between Versailles and Marly-le-Roi was purchased and precipitated the project that reached completion three years following the start of the building works.
The design and development of the Château Louis XIV was the subject of a book published by the renowned French art magazine Connaissance des Arts.
In addition to the Château Louis XIV, Emad Khashoggi's past developments include the Palais Vénitien in Cannes (decor of French movie Möbius with actor Jean Dujardin) and the renovation of Pierre Balmain's former apartment in the prestigious Jean Walter building complex in Paris.
Reliquary Shrine (de Touyl)

The Reliquary Shrine is an especially complex 14th century container for relics, now in The Cloisters, New York. It is made from translucent enamel, gilt-silver and paint, and dated to c 1325–50. Although first mentioned in a convent in Budapest, its style and influences indicates French craftsmanship. It has been tentatively attributed by the Met to Jean de Toul, a French goldsmith about whom little is known, but who is associated with a small number of works with similar stylistic characteristics.
The centrepiece shows the enthroned Virgin and the infant Jesus, the hinged wings are painted on both sides with scenes from the Annunciation to the childhood of Jesus. In medieval Christianity, the holiest of relics were those associated with the Virgin and Child.
The shrine is one of four extant silver-gilt and enamel examples from the early 14th century. The central panel shows the Virgin and Child surrounded by angels, placed in an elaborate Gothic architectural shrine. The Virgin is enthroned and suckles the child Jesus at her breast. It is made from gilt-silver, translucent enamel, with painted surfaces. The work seems to imitate the space of a church. The arches and vaults are described in gilded silver, the wing panels are in enamel and in their colourisation, figuration and perspective, seem intended to evoke stained-glass windows. Created in the International Gothic style.
The Virgin and Christ child are situated in an arched canopy, flanked by two angels. The complex and minutely described architectural space seems to emulate an early 14th-century church. The edges of the central panel are lined with a series of statuesque saints in niches. Each of the two outer wings contains three foldable panels, showing scenes from the Life of the Virgin and Christ Child. Each of the six wing panels is crowned by a triangular panel containing a musical angel. The setting contains a number of elements reflective of contemporary Gothic architectural design, including ribbed vaults, buttress with figures of saints, and trefoil arches. Given its small scale, it was probably intended as a household object, for private prayer.
Its elaborate structure and supreme craftsmanship indicates that it was commissioned by members of the upper echelon of contemporary society. The shrine is first recorded in 17th- and 18th-century inventories of the convent of the Poor Clares nunnery at Buda, in today's Budapest. Queen Clementia of Hungary gifted the reliquary in the 14th century to her sister, Elizabeth of Poland, Queen of Hungary, who founded the convent. It was in the collection of the baroness Clarice de Rothschild, before it was acquired by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1962.
Lucien Bonaparte (cardinal)

Lucien Louis Joseph Napoléon Bonaparte, 4th Prince of Canino and Musignano (15 November 1828 – 19 November 1895), was a French cardinal and member of the House of Bonaparte.
He was born in Rome, the son of Charles Lucien Bonaparte and his wife, Zénaïde Bonaparte. His paternal grandparents were Lucien Bonaparte and his second wife, Alexandrine de Bleschamp. His maternal grandparents were Joseph Bonaparte and Julie Clary. His godfather was the future Napoleon III, first cousin to both his parents.
He was ordained to the priesthood on 13 December 1856 by Pope Pius IX, giving up his Italian title. He served at numerous posts both in France and in Italy. He was created Cardinal of Santa Pudenziana in 1868. In 1879, he was given the additional title of Cardinal Priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, as in this year Napoleon III's progeny had died out, while cardinal Lucien was the most genealogically senior member of the Bonaparte family (but born in a not-dynastic branch of the family, for the marriage of his grandparents).
Cardinal Bonaparte participated in the First Vatican Council. He also was one of the voting cardinals that elected Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Cardinal Pecci, as Pope Leo XIII. He died in 1895 and was buried in Rome.
Rural communities of Senegal

Rural communities (Communautés rurales) (CR) are the fourth-level administrative divisions in Senegal. They are administrative subdivisions comprising the villages, but are distinct from the urban communes and municipalities concerning medium or large towns.
Senegal is a predominantly agricultural country, and the rural communities by far encompass the largest part of the national territory.
The rural communities were imposed by the law No. 72.25 on 19 April 1972.
Until early 2008, there were about 324 rural communities but in August 2008 the number has increased and there are now about 340.
List of World Heritage Sites in France

This is a list of World Heritage Sites in France with properties of cultural and natural heritage in France as inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List or as on the country's tentative list. France accepted the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage on 27 June 1975, after which it could nominate properties on their territory to be considered for the World Heritage List.
Currently, 53 properties in France are inscribed on the World Heritage List. 44 of these are cultural properties, 7 are natural properties, and 2 are mixed. Six properties are transboundary properties. The first was added to the list in 1979 and the latest in 2024. Five properties were submitted in 1979. The tentative list of France contains 37 properties.
The names in the tables below are the names of the properties as used on the website of UNESCO. There are three different types of properties possible: cultural, natural, and mixed. Selection criteria i, ii, iii, iv, v, and vi are the cultural criteria, and selection criteria vii, viii, ix, and x are the natural criteria. The dates for the properties on the World Heritage List are the dates of inscription, the dates for the tentative list are those of submission. The numbers are the reference numbers as used by UNESCO, and they link directly to the description pages of the properties on the UNESCO website.
Property names as submitted by France and year of inscription on Tentative List. Translation of site names provided in italics for reference purposes; official translation of site name proposed only once site is put forward for consideration on World Heritage List.
Odessa Committee

The Odessa Committee, officially known as the Society for the Support of Jewish Farmers and Artisans in Syria and Palestine, was a charitable, pre-Zionist organization in the Russian Empire, which supported immigration to the Biblical Land of Israel, then a part of the Ottoman Empire.
The pogroms of 1881-1884 and the May Laws of 1882 gave impetus to political activism among Russian Jews and mass emigration. More than two million Jews fled Russia between 1881 and 1920, the vast majority emigrating to the United States. The Tsarist government sporadically encouraged Jewish emigration. In 1882, members of Bilu and Hovevei Zion made what came to be known the First Aliyah to Palestine, then a part of the Ottoman Empire. Initially, these organizations were not official, and in order to attain a legally recognized framework, a Jewish organization had to be registered as a charity in various European countries and the United States that provided most of the funding. After arduous negotiations, the Russian government approved the establishment of the "Society for the Support of Jewish Farmers and Artisans in Syria and Palestine" early in 1890. It was based in Odessa (now in Ukraine), headed by Leon Pinsker, and dedicated to practical aspects of establishing Jewish agricultural settlements in the Palestine.
It helped to establish Rehovot and Hadera and rehabilitate Mishmar HaYarden in early 1890s.
Before the First Zionist Congress in 1897, the Odessa Committee counted over 4,000 members. When the Zionist Organization was founded (1897), most of the Hovevei Zion societies joined it. The Odessa Committee continued to function until it was closed in 1913.
Ochandio

Ochandio es una localidad del partido de San Cayetano de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina,
Se encuentra a 16 km al oeste de la ciudad de San Cayetano, a través de la Ruta Provincial 85.
Cuenta con 51 habitantes (Indec, 2010), lo que representa un descenso del 38% frente a los 82 habitantes (Indec, 2001) del censo anterior.
Al igual que otros pueblos, al inaugurarse la estación de ferrocarril en octubre de 1907, rápidamente se inició el asentamiento de pobladores en su alrededor. Hacia la mitad del siglo la localidad contaba con la infraestructura básica para su desarrollo: Almacenes, talleres, acopio de cereales, hoteles, expendio de combustibles, entre otros, inaugurándose una escuela primaria y se crea el Sportivo Ochandio Club. La posterior desaparición del FFCC asestó un duro golpe al desarrollo de la localidad. La Escuela Nª11 Fray Luis Beltrán, el Jardín de Infantes y la Iglesia del Sagrado Corazón, se cuentan entre las entidades vigentes.
Campo de Combate Sol de Mayo: Rememora un enfrentamiento ocurrido 1857 entre las huestes indígenas y los soldados comandados por el coronel Benito Machado. La referencia se encuentra en un establecimiento privado de las cercanías. Previamente estos campos constituían la Estancia "Sol de Mayo", del coronel Narciso del Valle, edecán de Rosas, quien falleciera el 6 de agosto de 1849, a raíz de una penosa enfermedad, en esta Estancia. Allí se realiza en noviembre la fiesta de la salchicha parrillera.
Tripa gorda

La tripa gorda en Uruguay, Argentina y Paraguay, el ocote en México y el potito en Chile, es la parte terminal del intestino del ganado vacuno, conocida anatómicamente como recto. Se compra evertida y limpia, por lo que su apariencia debe ser la de un tubo rosado, en cuyo interior están los ligamentos que la rodeaban antes de la eversión. Cortada en rodajas, es por muchos considerada un componente esencial del locro, al que le confiere un sabor particular. Es una achura característica del asado uruguayo, trenzada o envuelta con chinchulines se la conoce como choto, además se la consume en forma rellena con fariña o bastones de papa hervida y especias, asada a las brasas, especialmente en la zona del litoral norte y centro. En Chile la misma preparación se usa para hacer un emparedado de venta callejera llamado sándwich de potito. En Argentina también se lo usa para hacer asado y habitualmente se rellenan con el mismo relleno de los chorizos. Junto con otras achuras (vísceras de res) forma parte del caldo avá, tradicional de la gastronomía paraguaya.