davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Konfrontasi Indonesia–Malaysia

Konfrontasi Indonesia–Malaysia atau nan labiah dikana sabagai Konfrontasi sajo adolah sabauh parang manganai maso depan Malaya, Brunei, Sabah jo Sarawak nan tajadi antaro Federasi Malaysia jo Indonesia pado taun 1962 hinggo 1966.
Parang ko bamulo dari kainginan Federasi Malaya atau Pasakutuan Tanah Malayu pado taun 1961 untuak manggabuangkan Brunei, Sabah jo Sarawak ka dalam Federasi Malaysia nan indak sasuai jo Persetujuan Manila.
Karano itu kainginan tasabuik ditantang dek Presiden Sukarno nan manganggap pambantuakan Federasi Malaysia nan kini disabuik Malaysia sabagai "boneka Inggris" marupokan kolonialisme jo imperialisme dalam bantuak baru sarato dukuangan tahadok babagai gangguan kaamanan dalam nagari jo pambarontakan di Indonesia.
Pado 1961, Kalimantan dibagi manjadi ampek administrasi. Kalimantan, provinsi di Indonesia, talatak di selatan Kalimantan. Di utara adolah Karajaan Brunei jo duo koloni Inggris; Sarawak jo Borneo Utara, kamudian dinamokan Sabah. Sabagai bagian dari panarikannyo dari koloninyo di Asia Tenggara, Inggris mancoba manggabuangkan koloninyo di Kalimantan jo Samananjuang Malaya, Federasi Malaya jo mambantuak Federasi Malaysia.
Rancana iko ditantang dek Pamarintahan Indonesia; Presiden Sukarno bapandapek bahasonyo Malaysia hanyo sabuah boneka Inggris, dan konsolidasi Malaysia hanyo akan manambah kontrol Inggris di kawasan iko, sahinggo mangancam kamerdekaan Indonesia. Filipina juo mambuek pangakuan ateh Sabah, jo alasan daerah tasabuik mamiliki hubuangan sajarah jo Filipina malalui Kesultanan Sulu.
Musajik Sultan

Musajik Sultan (Melayu: Masjid Sultan) adolah ciek musjik nan talatak di antaro Jalan Muscat jo Jalan North Bridge, di dalam kawasan Kampong Glam, distrik Rochor, Singapura. Namo musajik iko marujuak kapado Sultan Hussain Shah. Sajak 1975, musajik tamasuak dalam salah satu monumen nasional Singapura.
Musajik Sultan rasmi dibuko pado tangga 27 Desember 1929, katiko alah duo pertigo pambangunannyo salasai. Musajik iko akianyo salasai sapanuahnyo pada taun 1932. Musajik iko bantuaknyo alah tatap indak barubah sajak dibangun pado taun tu; anyo pabaiakan sajo pado ruang utamo pado taun 1968, sarato tambahan bangunan samping pado taun 1993. Pado tangga 8 Maret 1975, musajik iko ditatapkan sabagai monumen nasional.
Musjik iko kini ko dikelola dek dewan wakaf jo dewan panguruihnyo surang.
Transportasi umum tadakek manuju musajik iko dapek malalui stasiun MRT Bugis jo stasiun MRT Jalan Besar.
Panduduak asali Amerika

Urang Asali Amerika adolah urang-urang nan alah bamukim di Amerika dari Maso Pra-Kolumbia di Amerika Utara, Tangah jo Salatan, dan bakaturunan di sinan pulo.
Banyak panduduak asali Amerika nan marupokan pamburu dan paramu, tautamo di Lambah Amazon, tapi urang nan babudayo akuakultur jo agrikultur labiah banyak lai. Barang nan marupokan buah dari kacadiakkan panduduak asali Amerika dalam babudayo agrikultur adolah mambuek pasilangan dari tanaman-tanaman asali Amerika nan manjadi sasuatu nan baguno untuak bahan makanan di sinan sampai ka sarato dunia, bantuak kantang jo jaguang. Walaupun babarapo kalompok urang bagantuang bana jo budidayo agrikultur, ado pulo nan bataranak hewan-hewan nan ditangkok di tampek-tampek baru nan dibuek surang. Di babarapo wilayah panduduak asali iko mambuek monumen-monumen nan basa jo gadang, koto-koto tasusun, nagaro-koto, chiefdom, nagaro, karajoan jo kakaisaran. Bantuak-bantuaknyo adolah Aztek, Inka sarato Maya nan mampunyoi pangaruah nan kuek pado politik jo sosial sampai ka abaik ka-16. Urang-urang itu mampunyoi pangatahuan nan laweh dari panyusunan, arsitektur, matematika, astronomi, sani tulih, fisika, parubekan, pananaman jo irigasi, geologi, panambangan, pamahekan jo pangukiran ameh.
Banyak wilayah di Amerika nan masih dijadikan tampek bamukim jo panduduak asali iko; babarapo nagaro punyo panduduak nan cukuik banyak pulo, bantuak Bolivia, Kanada, Ekuador, Guatemala, Mehiko, Peru, jo Amerika Sarikat. Saketeknyo ado ribuan bahaso-bahaso asali Amerika nan balainan nan dibahasokan di wilayah Amerika. Bahaso Qecua, Aimara, Guarani, bahaso-bahaso Maya jo Bahaso Nahuatl adolah bantuak dari bahaso-bahaso asali nan punyo panutua jutaan. Panduduak asali Amerika banyak pulo nan manjago adaik asali bantuak agamo, lambago sosial, jo adaik-adaik lainnyo. Samo bantuak budayo nan lainnyo, samakin hari, adaik-adaik tradisional iko paralu juo untuk mayasuaian jo budayo moderen. Babarapo urang asali masih ado nan iduik bajarak dari Budayo Barat, ado pulo saketek kalompok urang padalaman nan alun bahubuangan jo urang lua.
Templat:Daftar etnik di Amerika
Oerip Soemohardjo

Oerip Soemohardjo ([uˈrɪp sumoˈhardʒo]; Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan: Urip Sumoharjo, 22 Februari 1893 – 17 November 1948) adolah surang jenderal Indonesia nan marupoan kapalo staf partamo Tentara Nasional Indonesia. Inyo dikukuahkan sabagai Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia pado tahun 1964.
Oerip lahia di Purworejo, Hindia Balando. Inyo alah manampakkan bakat manjadi surang pamimpin sajak dini, dan urang gaeknyo ingin agar inyo manjadi surang bupati, sainggo salapeh sakolah dasar inyo dikirim untuak masuak sakolah pagawai negeri di Magelang. Salapeh mandenyo maningga pado tahun kaduo kuliahnyo di sinan, Oerip mammutuihan untuak masuak sekolah militer di Meester Cornelis, Batavia. Inyo lulus pado tahun 1936 dan manjadi surang perwira bapangkek letnan di Angkatan Darat Hindia Balando (KNIL). Salamo 25 tahun maso dinas militer, inyo ditempatkan pado tigo pulau nan berbeda dan sukses manjadi perwira asli Indonesia nan paliang tinggi pangkeknyo.
Oerip mundur dari KNIL pado tahun 1938 dek basalisiah pandapek jo bupati Purworejo, tampek dinasnyo kutiko itu. Inyo basamo istrinyo Rohmah pindah ka satu desa dakek Yogyakarta dan mangalola sabuah kabun. Salapeh Jerman manyarang Balando pado bulan Mai 1940, Oerip baliak ka dinas militer aktif, tapi inyo ditahan di kamp tawanan parang kutiko Japang manduduaki Indonesia salamo tigo bulan satangah.
Pado 14 Oktober 1945, indak lamo sasudah proklamasi kamardekaan Inodnesia, Oerip diangkek manjadi kapalo staf angkatan basanjato nan baru dibuek. Inyo bausao untuak mambangun satu angkatan dari kalompok-kalompok militer nan taserak di saluruah Indonesia. Pado 12 November 1945 Jenderal Sudirman dipiliah manjadi panglima, dan Oerip tatap manjadi kapalo staf. Kaduonyo manjadi pimpinan utamo militer Indonesia salamo revolusi nasional. Oerip mundur pado awal 1948 dek karano pimpinan politik republik pado maso itu indak picayo bana jo pimpinan militer. Inyo maningga dek masalah jantuang babarapo bulan kamudian dan naiak pangkek sacaro anumerta manjadi surang jenderal panuah.
Teuku Umar

Teuku Umar (laia di Meulaboh, Kasultanan Aceh, 1854 - maningga di Meulaboh, 11 Februari 1899) adolah pahlawan kemerdekaan Indonesia nan bajuang jo caro bapura-pura bakarajosamo jo Balando. Baliau malawan Balando katiko alah mangumpuaan sanjato jo pitih nan cukuik banyak.
Teuku Umar dilaiaan di Meulaboh Aceh Barat pado taun 1854, adolah anak surang Uleebalang nan banamo Teuku Achmad Mahmud dari pakawinan jo adiak padusi Rajo Meulaboh. Umar mampunyoi duo urang sudaro padusi sarato tigo sudaro laki-laki.
Niniak muyang Umar adolah Datuak Makhudum Sati barasa dari Minangkabau. Salah surang katurunan Datuak Makhudum Sati pernah bajaso kapado Sultan Aceh, nan wakatu itu tarancam dek surang Panglimo Sagi nan nio marabuik kakuasaan. Berkat jasonyo tu, Datuak Makhudum Sati diangkek manjadi Uleebalang VI Mukim nan bagala Teuku Nan Ranceh. Teuku Nan Ranceh mampunyoi duo urang putra iyolah Nanta Setia jo Achmad Mahmud. Sapaningga Teuku Nan Ranceh, Nanta Setia manggantian kadudukan ayahnyo sabagai Uleebalang VI Mukim. Teuku Nanta Setia mampunyoi anak padusi banamo Cut Nyak Dhien .
Teuku Umar dari ketek lah dikana sabagai anak nan pandai, pambarani, nan kadang-kadang suko bacakak jo kawan-kawan sapangkeknyo. Umar-pun mampunyoi sifaik nang kareh jo pantang manyarah dalam maadok-i sagalo parsoalan. Teuku Umar indak pernah mandapek-an pandidikan formal. Walaupun baitu, Umar dapek manjadi surang pamimpin nan kuaik, pandai, sarato pambarani.
Katiko parang Aceh malatuih pado 1873 Teuku Umar ikuik bajuang basamo pajuang-pajuang Aceh lainnyo, umuanyo baru masuak 19 taun. Mulonyo Umar bajuang di kampuangnyo surang, kudian dilanjuik-an ka Aceh Barat. Pado umua nan masih mudo ko, Teuku Umar alah diangkek sabagai keuchik gampong (kapalo desa) di daerah Daya Meulaboh.
Pado umua 20 taun, Teuku Umar manikah jo Nyak Sofiah, anak Uleebalang Glumpang. Untuak maningkek-an darajaik dirinyo, Teuku Umar kudian manikah baliak jo Nyak Malighai, putri dari Panglimo Sagi XXV Mukim.
Pado taun 1880, Teuku Umar manikahi jando Cut Nyak Dhien, putri pamannyo Teuku Nanta Setia. Laki Cut Nya Dien, iyolah Teuku Ibrahim Lamnga maningga dunia pado Juni 1878 dalam paparangan malawan Balando di Gle Tarun. Kaduonyo kudian bajuang basamo malancaran sarangan kapado pos-pos Balando.
Ateh pangabdian jo pajuangan sarato sumangaik juang rela bakorban malawan panjajah Balando, Teuku Umar dianugarahi gala Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia. Namo Teuku Umar-pun diabadian sabagai namo jalan di sajumlah daerah di tanah aia. Salah satu kapa parang TNI AL dinamoan KRI Teuku Umar (385). Salain itu Universitas Teuku Umar di Meulaboh diagiah namo badasarkan namonyo.
Daftar pahlawan nasional Indonesia

Pahlawan Nasional adolah gala panghargaan paliang tinggi di Indonesia. Gala anumerta iko diagiah dek Pamarentahan Indonesia atas tindakan nan dianggap heroik – didefinisikan sabagai "parbuatan nyata nan dapek dikanang jo diteladani sapanjang maso bagi warga masyarakat lainnyo atau "bajaso sangaik luar biaso bagi kapentingan bangsa jo negara". Kementerian Sosial Indonesia maagiah tujuah kriteria nan musti dimiliki dek saurang individu, yakni:
Daftar barikut iko disajian dalam urutan abjad; dek babedanyo konvensi budaya penamaan, indak sado entri diuruikan manuruik namo belakang. Daftar iko labiah malakukan pamilahan manuruik tahun kalahiran, wafaik, jo panetapan.
Pasatuan Banso-banso Asia Tenggara

Pasatuan Banso-banso Asia Tenggara (ASEAN /ˈɑːsi.ɑːn/ , atau /ˈɑːzi.ɑːn/ ) adolah sabuah organisasi geopolitis untuak nagara-nagara di Asia Tenggara, nan didirian pado 8 Agustus 1967 dek Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Singapura jo Thailand. Sajak tu, organisasi ko lah bakambang dan mamasuakkan anggota sarupo Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Kamboja, Laos, sarato Vietnam.
National Hero of Indonesia

National Hero of Indonesia (Indonesian: Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia) is the highest-level title awarded in Indonesia. It is posthumously given by the Government of Indonesia for actions which are deemed to be heroic, defined as "actual deeds which can be remembered and exemplified for all time by other citizens" or "extraordinary service furthering the interests of the state and people". The Ministry of Social Affairs gives seven criteria which an individual must fulfill, as follows:
Nominations undergo a four-step process and must be approved at each level. A proposal is made by the general populace in a city or regency to the mayor or regent, who must then make a request to the province's governor. The governor then makes a recommendation to the Ministry of Social Affairs, which forwards it to the president, represented by the Board of Titles (Dewan Gelar); this board consists of two academics, two persons of a military background, and three persons who have previously received an award or title. Those selected by the president, as represented by the Board, are awarded the title at a ceremony in the Indonesian capital of Jakarta. Since 2000, the ceremony has occurred in early November, coinciding with Indonesia's Heroes' Day (Hari Pahlawan).
The legal framework for the title, initially styled National Independence Hero (Pahlawan Kemerdekaan Nasional), was established with the release of Presidential Decree No. 241 of 1958. The title was first awarded on 30 August 1959 to the politician turned writer Abdul Muis, who had died the previous month. This title was used for the rest of Sukarno's rule. When Suharto rose to power in the mid-1960s, the title was given its current name. Special titles at the level of National Hero have also been awarded. Hero of the Revolution (Pahlawan Revolusi) was given in 1965 to ten victims of the 30 September Movement that resulted in end of Sukarno reign, while Sukarno and former vice-president Mohammad Hatta were given the title Proclamation Heroes (Pahlawan Proklamasi) in 1988 for their role in reading the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence.
A total of 190 men and 16 women have been deemed national heroes, most recently Abdul Chalim, Ahmad Hanafiah, Bataha Santiago, Ida Dewa Agung Jambe, Mohammad Tabrani, and Ratu Kalinyamat in 2023. These heroes have come from all parts of the Indonesian archipelago, from Aceh in the west to Papua in the east. They represent numerous ethnicities, including native Indonesians, ethnic Chinese, Arabs and Eurasians. They include prime ministers, guerrillas, government ministers, soldiers, royalty, journalists, and a bishop.
The following list is initially presented in alphabetical order; owing to differing cultural naming conventions, not all entries are sorted by last name. The list is further sortable by year of birth, death, and recognition. Names are standardised using the Indonesian Spelling System and thus may not reflect the original spelling.
List of Arab Indonesians

This list of Arab Indonesians includes names of figures from ethnic Arab descent, especially Hadhrami people, in Indonesia. This list also includes the names of figures who are genetically of Arab blood, both those born in the Arab World who later migrated to Indonesia (wulayti), or who were born in Indonesia with Arab-blooded parents or Arab Indonesians mix (Muwallad).
This list does not include Walisongo descendants (who originally surnamed Azmatkhan) who have assimilated perfectly with the local residents, such as the descendants of the Sultan of Banten (who have the first names Tubagus and Ratu), Cirebon, and Palembang. While the sultans of the sultanates mentioned earlier will still be included in this list. Furthermore, Walisongo descendants who have verified their lineage up to Ahmad al-Muhajir, through Sayyid Jumadil Kubra (Walisongo's ancestor), will still be included.
This list also includes descendants of Jafar Sadek, an Arab who spread Islam in the Maluku Islands in the 13th century, who became sultans in several kingdoms in Maluku such as Ternate and Tidore. And descendants of Abdullah ibn Shaykh al-Aydarus, great-grandfather of Tun Habib Abdul Majid, who was the ancestor of Bendahara dynasty and sultans in Johor and Lingga.
The figures who can be verified their Arabic identity with their last name (surname or Arab clans, see list of Hadhrami surnames in Indonesia [id]) and first name (honorific title name, such as Sayyid or Sayid, Syarif or Syarifah, Sidi, and Wan [id]) will not be given a footnote.
Flag of Hesse

The civil flag of Hesse, Germany, consists of a bicolour of a red top and a bottom white stripe, in the proportion 3:5. The state flag is similar, except it is emblazoned with the state coat of arms in the centre, and may only be used by government departments and services.
The colours red and white are based on that of the Ludovingian coat of arms, showing a lion with a ninefold horizontal white and red division. The coat of arms was inherited by the House of Hesse upon its split from the Duchy of Thuringia in 1247, and the flag came into use in the early modern Landgraviate of Hesse; the modern Grand Duchy of Hesse used a flag with two red stripes, as did the People's State of Hesse until 1933.
The flag of Thuringia was introduced in 1920, with its formation out of the fragmented Thuringian states (the Duchy of Thuringia had been absorbed into Saxony in 1400), as the reverse of the flag of Hesse.
The civil flag of Hesse resembles that of Monaco and, particularly, Indonesia.
It also resembles one of the flags of Alsace.
The Hessian ministry of the interior designated several official flag days. On these days, the flag of Hesse (alongside the flags of the European Union and Germany) must be flown on all official buildings. These days include:
On the Commemoration Day for the Victims of National Socialism and on People's Mourning Day, flags are flown at half-mast. Additionally, flags must be flown on days to the election to the European Parliament, the Bundestag, the Hessian Landtag and municipal elections.
Sutomo School

Sutomo School is a group of private schools in Medan, Indonesia, managed by the Sutomo Education Foundation. This group currently consists of Sutomo 1 and Sutomo 2. Both schools feature education levels from kindergarten, elementary, middle, and high school, with the exception of a playgroup (pre-school), which is only available in Sutomo 1. Between the two schools, Sutomo 1 is more dominant and widely known.
Sutomo 1's playgroup, kindergarten, and elementary school buildings are located at Jalan Jambi, while the junior and senior high school buildings are located in Jalan Letkol Martinus Lubis. Sutomo 2 is located entirely in Pulo Brayan, in the western side of Medan.
More than 15 thousand students have enrolled in Sutomo School. Majority of the students are of Chinese descent (about 80%), while 40% of the teachers are of Chinese descent.
Sutomo School was formerly called Sutung School (蘇東; "East Sumatra") when it was established in 1926. On 25 February 1958, the name of the school was changed to Sutomo School in conjunction with the establishment of Sutomo Education Foundation by Soo Lean Toii, Oei Moh Toan, and Hadi Kusuma (Khoo Peng Huat). Initially, Sutomo School only provided education in elementary school through high school. Kindergarten and playgroup was introduced in 1964 and 1992, respectively.
Initially, all education activities were run at Jalan Letkol Martinus Lubis. In 1978, kindergarten and elementary school activities were moved to a new building at Jalan Jambi. In 1982, Sutomo 2 was built on Jalan Yos Sudarso, and the old Sutomo School building was renamed to Sutomo 1. Plans to move the school to Jalan Pancing in Medan Tembung could not be realized due to financial crisis that had struck Indonesia in the middle of the 1990s. In 2004, the foundation began constructing new Middle/High School buildings at Sutomo 1. In 2019, they finished the construction of 'Heritage' as a mini-museum.
Ever since 1995/96, Sutomo implemented the "Plus Class" (superior class) system which aims to accommodate the most outstanding students, where the course materials progress more quickly and sometimes reaches more advanced levels than the regular classes (Sutomo still uses the national curriculum of Indonesia as a baseline, but they modified the depth and breadth of the subjects to be more advanced). In 2001, the school has been granted permission by the Director-General of Education to open an accelerated class where the high school education can be completed within a period of 2 years instead of the usual three. However, this accelerated course was removed in 2015.
Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery

The National Main Heroes' Cemetery in Kalibata (Indonesian: Taman Makam Pahlawan Nasional Utama Kalibata), colloquially known as Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery (Indonesian: Taman Makam Pahlawan Kalibata or TMP Kalibata), is a military cemetery in Kalibata, South Jakarta, Indonesia. It was built in 1953 and opened on 10 November 1954. Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie was the first Indonesian President to be buried in the cemetery following his death on 11 September 2019. Former Indonesian foreign minister Agus Salim, who died 6 days before the cemetery was opened, was the first senior politician buried in the cemetery. There were also 121 bodies moved from Heroes' Cemetery in Ancol.
More than 7,000 military casualties and veterans from the Indonesian War of Independence are buried there. This includes many veterans of the Imperial Japanese Army who stayed in the Dutch colony after World War II of their own free will and fought for Indonesian independence.
Act No. 20 of 2009, which regulates the orders, decorations, and medals of Indonesia, also regulates the eligibility for burial in the cemetery. Before the promulgation of the Act, anyone with the consent of the Ministry of Social Affairs could be buried in the cemetery; after its promulgation, only the following people may be buried there:
Up to 3,000 Japanese volunteers fought against the Dutch. Of these approximately 1,000 died, 1,000 returned to Japan after Indonesia's independence, and 1,000 remained and were naturalized in Indonesia. Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi visited on 13 January 2002, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe visited on 21 August 2007. and Japanese Prince Akishino and Princess Akishino visited on 19 January 2008.
Since the late 20th century, every Japanese leader or ambassador who visited Jakarta would visit the cemetery. The Emperor of Japan Naruhito with his Empress Masako, visited the Cemetery on 20 June 2023.
Indonesians
Japanese
The Crescent Moon (film)

The Crescent Moon (Indonesian: Mencari Hilal) is a 2015 road drama film directed by Ismail Basbeth from a screenplay he wrote with Salman Aristo and Bagus Bramanti. It stars Deddy Sutomo and Oka Antara.
The film was released in Indonesian theatres during the Eid al-Fitr week, on 15 July 2015. It received seven nominations at the Citra Awards, winning one for Best Actor for Sutomo.
An estranged son accompanies his religiously strict father to seek the crescent moon that signals the start of Eid.
The principal photography took place around Wonogiri Regency, Central Java and Yogyakarta for fourteen days.
The Crescent Moon was released in Indonesian theatres during the Eid al-Fitr week, on 15 July 2015, alongside Comic 8: Casino's King, Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan, and The Proposal. Compared to the three other films, it was considered as a box-office bomb, garnering approximately 12,000 admissions during its theatrical run. Producer Putut Widjanarko stated that the lack of promotion was one of the factors that caused the issue.
It also had its international premiere at the 28th Tokyo International Film Festival during the Asian Future section.
Пионер (автомобил)

„Пионер“ е първият български прототип на електрически автомобил.
Прототипът показва творческите способности и желанието на българските инженери за развитие на машиностроенето в Народна република България в края на 1960-те години. От източния блок България се нарежда сред първите страни, които представят подобен автомобил.
Автомобилът е представен през 1968 година. Двуместният автомобил е разработен от Научноизследователски и проктно-конструкторски институт по електро- и мотокари (НИПКИЕМ) в София от ДСО „Балканкар“.
През 1970 г. е представен електромобил „ЕЛМО-70“, който е създаден на базата на „Москвич 412“.
София (автомобил)

София е марка български спортни автомобили, проектирани през 1980-те години от инж. Велизар Андреев и произвеждани в изключително малка серия.
От спортния модел „София-Б“ с централно разположен мотор и двуместно купе са произведени по непотвърдени данни 12 напълно окомплектовани бройки в периода 1985 – 2001 година. Оригиналната „София-Б“, произвеждана от 1985 до 1989 година, е с прибиращи се фарове. През 1989 година е представена фейслифт версия с открити фарове, свалени в долната част на предницата, а дизайнът на задната част е радикално променен. Първоначално всички „София-Б“ са с двигатели от ВАЗ-21061 с обем 1.5 литра, а по-късно започват да се оборудват с агрегати от ВАЗ-2106 с обем 1.6 литра. През 1990-те години на някои от тях са монтирани и други агрегати. Инж. Велизар Андреев започва да сглобявя и произвежда автомобилите София в средата на 1980-те години под името „София-Б“. „Модел-А“, както постфактум е наричан от автоентусиастите в България и някои български автомобилни медии, всъщност е първия конструиран от инж. Андреев прототип от 1981 година, който не влиза в серийно производство. Прототипът е тип спортно „бъги“, на базата на ВАЗ 2101 „Жигули“.
През 1990 година инж. Велизар Андреев създава и „София-С“ – прототип на лек „джип“ със стъклопластова каросерия, нормално позициониран предно разположен мотор от Лада 1200 и 4 места. По това време той създава и компанията „Виликар“, която започва серийното производство на модела и изработва още няколко екземпляра от спортната „София-Б“.
София – българската спортна кола [1]
Автомобила София се смята за първата българска спортна кола. София модел Б, е създадена, проектирана, и произвеждана в 80-те и началото на 90-те години, от ентусиаста инженер Велизар Андреев, под егидата и с финансирането на ТНТМ. Първоначалния прототип, по-късно наричан модел-А, е показан на националната ТНТМ изложба в 1981 година, и предложен за въвеждане в малкосерийно производство от конструктора му, инж. Андреев. Въобще първия автомобилен прототип на Велизар Андреев, е разработен от него като проект и макет, за дипломната му работа в тогавашния машиностроителен Институт /МЕИ/, още в 1962 година. В края на 70-те години, заедно с ученици от Механотехникума, и Техникума Вилхелм Пик в София, инж. Андреев започва работата върху автомобил от типа „бъги“. Този прототип предизвиква истински фурор при представянето си на Пловдивския панаир през 1981 година. Автомобилът е бил снабден с двигател от автомобил ВАЗ 2101. По късно дизайна на това бъги заляга като обща концепция и форма и при бъдещия модел Б, произвеждан от 1985 до 2001 година. Успоредно с края на сглобяването на София модел Б, Андреев започва производство и на автомобила София-С, който е от тип открито 4-местно бъги. Този модел също използва агрегати от ВАЗ. Произведен е в 60 броя.
Хеброс 1100

Хеброс 1100 е прототип на български автомобил представен през 1968 на ХХVІІ Технически панаир в град Пловдив.
Автомобилът Хеброс 1100 е бил хечбек. Заимствал е много технически детайли от произвеждания в България автомобил Булгаррено 10. Проектиран и конструиран е в Пловдив, под ръководството на инженера Димитър Свирачев. Зад дизайна на автомобила е Костадин Хинов.
Двигателят на автомобила е проектиран в Базата за техническо развитие при ДСО „Металхим“ и е произведен в Машиностроителния завод в Казанлък. Автомобилът е снабден с петстепенна скоростна кутия, мощността на автомобила е 70 к.с. Максималната скорост, която Хеброс 1100 може да развие е 140 – 150 км/ч.
Регистрационен номер на МПС (Канада)

В номерата на автомобилите в Канада няма включен МПС код, а номерът представлява комбинация от букви и цифри.
Номерата се издават в съответнита провинция. Над или под номера е изписано името на провинцията, която е издала номера, например Онтарио (Ontario), Британска Колумбия (British Columbia), Квебек (Quebec) и т.н.
Също така водачът на МПС-то може да си направи по поръчка регистрационния номер, който дори може да включва освен числа и букви също и символи като звездички, сърчица и други. Тъй като ако номерът е съставен от букви се използва латинската азбука, някои българи си правят номерата с визуално еднакви букви на латинската азбука отговарящи на българската и например може да се види номер, който да изглежда така: ВАРНА.
В повечето канадски провинции се дават два номера, които се закачат отпред и отзад на колата. Някои канадски провинции понастоящем строго налагат закони, които изискват всички коли да имат две регистрационни табели (по една отпред и отзад). Това трябва да подобри ефективността на фотокамерите, които снимат автоматично нарушителите, минаващи при червен сигнал на светофара. В някои провинции обаче е достатъчно да се сложи само един номер отзад на колата (предна табела се слага по желание, или властите дават само една табела, която в тези провинции се слага в задната част на колата).
Регистрационен номер на МПС (САЩ)

В номерата на американските автомобили няма включен МПС код, а номерът представлява комбинация от букви и цифри. Номерата се издават от съответния щат. Над или под номера пише името на щата, който е издал номера, например California, New York и т.н. Номерните знаци често съдържат символиката, цвета или слоганите на своя щат.
Също така водачът на МПС-то може да си направи по поръчка регистрационния номер, който дори може да включва освен числа и букви също и символи като звездички, сърчица и други. Тъй като ако номерът е съставен от букви се използва латинската азбука, някои българи си правят номерата с визуално еднакви букви на латинската азбука отговарящи на българската и например може да се види номер, който да изглежда така: ВАРНА.
В повечето американски щати се дават два номера, които се закачат отпред и отзад на колата. Някои американски щати понастоящем строго налагат закони, които изискват всички коли да имат две регистрационни табели (по една отпред и отзад). Това трябва да подобри ефективността на фотокамерите, които снимат автоматично нарушителите, минаващи при червен сигнал на светофара. В някои щати обаче (Индиана, Мичиган, Пенсилвания и в повечето южни щати) е достатъчно да се сложи само един номер отзад на колата (предна табела се слага по желание, или властите дават само една табела, която в тези щати се слага в задната част на колата).
Интересна новост за САЩ е, че в щата Калифорния от началото на 2018 г. са разрешени дигитални автомобилни номера. Разработени са от фирмата Reviver Auto с подкрепата на Ford Motor Company. Табелите с номерата имат връзка с Интернет и могат да показват, освен регистрационните данни, различни полезни съобщения, обаждания и послания (стига да е позволено в щата, през който се движи колата).
Европейска шофьорска карта

Европейска шофьорска карта е шофьорска карта, заместваща многото стилове на шофьорска карта, употребявани в страните членки на Европейската икономическа зона (ЕИЗ) (Европейския съюз, Исландия, Лихтенщайн и Норвегия). Европейската шофьорска карта има форма на кредитна карта със снимка и е възможно да има микрочип. Тя е въведена на мястото на 110 различни пластмасови и хартиени свидетелства за управление на 300 000 000 шофьори в ЕИЗ. Основната цел на Европейската шофьорска карта е да се намали рискът от измами. През март 2006 г. Съветът на министрите приема директива, предложена от Европейската комисия за създаване на единно европейско свидетелство за управление, да замени 110 различни модела, които съществуват в целия ЕС. Европейският парламент приема тази директива през декември 2006. Директивата 2006/126/EEC е публикувана в официалния вестник на Европейския съюз на 30 декември 2006 година. Неговите разпоредби влизат в сила през 2013 г., Директива 91/439/ЕИО е отменена едновременно.
Заради влизането в сила на новата европейска директива от 19 януари 2013 година се издава по-нов образец българската шофьорска книжка. На челната страна на свидетелството, там където е микрошрифтът, съгласно директивата е записано, че документът е издаден и се изписва на съответния език от държавата, която го издава, и какъв е неговият вид.
Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard, Sofia

Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard (Bulgarian: булевард „Цар Освободител“; "Tsar Liberator boulevard") is a boulevard in the centre of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. It lies between Orlov most to the east (east of which it is called Tsarigrad Road) and Nezavisimost Square to the west, where it merges with Knyaz Aleksandar Dondukov Boulevard to form Todor Aleksandrov Boulevard west of the square. It is named after the Russian Tsar Alexander II of Russia because of his role in the Liberation of Bulgaria.
Many of Sofia and Bulgaria's institutions and representative buildings are located on Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard, including (from east to west) the Sofia University rectorate, the National Assembly of Bulgaria, the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences edifice, the Central Military Club, the former royal palace (today accommodating the National Art Gallery and the National Ethnographic Museum), the Bulgarian National Bank, the Italian Embassy and the Austrian Embassy.
From Orlov most to the Sofia University junction the boulevard is asphalt-paved, but it is mainly famous for the yellow Viennese cobblestones it features in its central, most representative part.
The boulevard intersects with (from east to west) Vasil Levski Boulevard at Sofia University where the SU St. Kliment Ohridski Metro Station is located, Georgi Sava Rakovski Street (at the Military Club) and Knyaz Alexander Battenberg Street (at Battenberg Square).
Wake Up Dead

"Wake Up Dead" is a song by American thrash metal band Megadeth, and was the lead single from their 1986 album Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?, written by Dave Mustaine. It has since become a staple at their concerts, being their sixth most played song.
"Wake Up Dead" features lyrics which describe a man who has been cheating on his wife or girlfriend and is sneaking into his house, knowing that if his wife finds out about his other lover, she will kill him. Mustaine said that "Wake Up Dead" was written about him cheating on a girl with whom he was living. He stayed with her because he was homeless at the time and needed a place to stay. Unfortunately, he was in love with another girl and thought the one he lived with would be mad because he was cheating on her. He had to leave her because he thought she had intentions to kill him.
A music video was produced for the song, directed by Penelope Spheeris. The video begins with a shot of the stage surrounded by a metal wire fence. A group of fans gather around and rush at the stage, and the band begins to play. Fans crowd surf and climb the fence while the band plays. The video has a blue hue throughout. The video was released on April 28, 1987.
7-inch edition
12-inch edition
Cassette edition
American heavy metal band Lamb of God covered the song alongside Dave Mustaine in 2022. Released on April 1, 2022, the recording features contributions from all four then-current Megadeth members although only Mustaine is credited as a featured artist.
In 2021 and 2022, Megadeth and Lamb of God toured together as part of the "Metal Tour of The Year". To celebrate, the bands decided to record a song together. However, this is not their first collaboration. Former Lamb of God drummer Chris Adler, brother of guitarist Willie Adler, played drums on Megadeth's 2016 album, Dystopia. Megadeth frontman Dave Mustaine commented, "We had a blast playing with Lamb of God on their cover of 'Wake Up Dead,' almost as much fun as we're going to have playing every night on 'Metal Tour of the Year.' I'm looking forward to seeing everyone!", while Lamb of God singer Randy Blythe said, "What better way to kick [the tour] off than a little inter-band jam session? All nine members of Megadeth and Lamb of God are on the thrash classic 'Wake Up Dead'—turn it up, and we'll see you on the road!"
The music video for the song shows each musician recording his part of the song from their houses.
Telephone numbers in the Soviet Union

The telephone numbering plan of the USSR was a set of telephone area codes, numbers and dialing rules, which operated in the Soviet Union until the 1990s. After the collapse of the USSR, many newly independent republics implemented their own numbering plans. However, many of the principles of the Soviet numbering plan still remain. The former Soviet country code 7 is still retained by Russia and Kazakhstan.
The Soviet Union used a four-level open numbering plan. The long-distance prefix was 8.
Emergency numbers in the USSR began with 0 and had two digits. When one called the emergency numbers, no tariff was charged. (However, in Moscow in the late 1980s calling emergency services from a payphone was not free, despite the declared free-of-charge numbers.)
In addition, in Moscow there was and continues to operate a toll-free telephone number 100 to get the current time. The free telephone service of the exact time is preserved in also other cities of Russia; for example in Kaliningrad this number is 060.
Area codes were assigned geographically, so that neighboring regions usually had close area code numbers.
Area codes with 0 denotes the republics and Oblasts of the European part of the USSR. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, these codes in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine were preserved, with minor changes. Area codes in the Ukraine and Belarus later dropped initial 0. In Russia, in December 2005 the leading zero in the Oblastal area codes was replaced by a 4 with the next 2 numbers same (except Kaliningrad Oblast turning from 011 to 401 as 411 is in use).
After the breakup of the Soviet Union, except for Russia and Kazakhstan, every other post Soviet state adopted a new telephone country code.
Sofia City Province

Sofia City Province (Bulgarian: Област София-град, romanized: Oblast Sofiya-grad) is a province (oblast) of Bulgaria. Its administrative center is the city of Sofia, the capital of the country.
The province borders on Sofia Province and Pernik Province. It consists of only one municipality – the Sofia Capital Municipality.
Bankya, Novi Iskar, Sofia
Balsha, Bistritsa, Buhovo, Busmantsi, Chepintsi, Dobroslavtsi, Dolni Bogrov, Dolni Pasarel, German, Gorni Bogrov, Ivanyane, Zheleznitsa, Jelyava, Jiten, Kazichene, Klisura, Kokalyane, Krivina, Kubratovo, Katina, Lokorsko, Lozen, Malo Buchino, Marchaevo, Mirovyane, Mramor, Negovan, Pancharevo, Plana, Podgumer, Svetovrachene, Vladaya, Voluyak, Voynegovtsi, Yana, etc.
Population (2011 census): 1,291,591
Ethnic groups (2011):
Identified themselves: 1,178,131
In 2024 Sofia's gross metropolitan product was €28.9 billion and around € 33,500 per capita. This puts Sofia in 80th place among cities in European Union.
List of cities and towns in Bulgaria

This is a complete list of all cities and towns in Bulgaria sorted by population. Province capitals are shown in bold. Primary sources are the National Statistical Institute (NSI) and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
The largest city is Sofia with about 1.4 million inhabitants and the smallest is Melnik with about 300. Towns are not necessarily larger than all villages. Indeed, many villages are more populous than many towns–compare for instance Lozen, a large village with more than 6,000 inhabitants, with Melnik.
Arsenal (car)

The Arsenal was an English car manufacturer at St Albans, Hertfordshire, registered 21 October 1898. It folded the next year, in 1899. The Bollée-like tricycle was reputed to be 3½hp. The manufacturer said the car had "practically the control of one of the largest and best-equipped plants of American Automotive Machinery." The tiller-steered car, which could carry "two or three persons, or four children", cost £59.
Shell Energy Stadium

El Shell Energy Stadium (anteriormente llamado BBVA Compass Stadium, BBVA Stadium y PNC Stadium) es un estadio multipropósito ubicado en la ciudad de Houston, Texas en los Estados Unidos.​ Es la sede del Houston Dynamo de la Major League Soccer y del Houston Dash de la National Women's Soccer League. El estadio fue inaugurado el 12 de mayo de 2012 y tiene capacidad para 22 039 espectadores.​
A principios de octubre se anunció que la Federación de Fútbol de Guyana había vendido los derechos del partido clasificatorio a la Copa Mundial de Fútbol 2014 de la selección de ese país ante México como local a un promotor, llevando de esta manera el partido al PNC Stadium, entonces llamado BBVA Compass Stadium, en Houston. Este partido será el primer partido de eliminatorias que se juegue en este estadio.​
FC Juárez Femenil

El Fútbol Club Juárez Femenil, también conocido como Bravas, es un club de fútbol profesional de la Primera División Femenil de México con sede en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México. Fue fundado el 11 de junio de 2019, juega de local en el Estadio Olímpico Benito Juárez, que cuenta con una capacidad para 19,703 personas y se encuentra ubicado en el área de El Chamizal.
El 11 de junio de 2019 se aprobó la compra de la franquicia de Lobos BUAP por parte del FC Juárez, por lo que los Bravos ocuparon su lugar en Primera División, además de heredar sus números en la tabla de cocientes y la participación en los Torneos de Fuerzas Básicas Sub-13, Sub-15, Sub-17 y Sub-20, además de la obligatoriedad de contar con un equipo en la Liga MX Femenil.​​
Tras la adquisición, Juárez se vio obligado a confeccionar un equipo de fútbol femenil de cara al Apertura 2019.​
El 15 de julio de 2019 se celebró el primer partido oficial del equipo con un empate por un gol ante el León.​
En junio de 2023, Milagros Martínez dejó de ser la entrenador del equipo.​ Entrenador actual Óscar Fernández, procedente del Atlético de Madrid femenino
Fecha de actualización: 8 de junio de 2024
En Pretemporada existen jugadoras del equipo piloto, se contemplarán como altas si son registradas para el torneo.
Existen casos de jugadoras que estaba en el equipo piloto y fichan para otro equipo, la jugadora se considerará baja las que debutan en liga.
Se consideran jugadoras internacionales si han recibido llamado a selecciones nacionales en los últimos 12 meses. Con negritas se muestran aquellas jugadoras que han sido llamadas en la última convocatoria.
Juárez Femenil inicia su participación en la Liga MX Femenil el lunes 15 de julio de 2019 en el Estadio Nou Camp, empatando a 1 con el Club León. El autogol fue de Berenice Anchondo (20') y el gol a favor fue anotado por Flor Rodríguez (83').
Las Bravas, durante la fecha FIFA de marzo de 2020, se enfrentó a UDEP El Paso en El Paso, Texas, marcando este encuentro como su primer partido internacional. El equipo perdió el encuentro 2 a 0.
Las Bravalácticas inician su participación en la fase final de la Liga MX Femenil en los cuartos de final del torneo Clausura 2023 el viernes 19 de mayo de 2023 en el Estadio Olímpico Benito Juárez, cayendo 3 a 1 ante el Club América. El gol a favor fue anotado por Andrea Hernández (70').
Actualizado al último partido disputado el: 13 de mayo de 2024
Actualizado al último partido disputado el: 4 de mayo de 2024
*La jugadora se nacionalizó mexicana.
Actualizado al último partido disputado el: 13 de mayo de 2024
Ik heb zorgen

«Ik heb zorgen» —[ɪk ɦɛp ˈzɔrɣə(n)]; en español: «Tengo preocupaciones»; a veces titulada «Oh, oh, ik heb zorgen»— es una canción compuesta por Paul Quintens e interpretada en neerlandés por Louis Neefs.​ Se lanzó como sencillo en 1967 mediante Cardinal.​ Fue elegida para representar a Bélgica en el Festival de la Canción de Eurovisión de 1967 tras ganar la final nacional belga, Canzonissima 1967.​​
Louis Neefs también grabó la canción en alemán («Ich habe Sorgen»)​ y en inglés («I've got troubles»).​
Esta canción participó en la final nacional para elegir al representante belga del Festival de la Canción de Eurovisión de 1967, celebrada el 25 de febrero de ese año en el Amerikaans Theater de Bruselas. Fue presentada por Jan Theys.​ Hubo nueve semifinales antes de la gran final, y para cualificar para esta, la canción tenía que persistir durante 3 semifinales.​ Finalmente, la canción «Ik heb zorgen», interpretada por Louis Neefs se declaró ganadora entre 7 canciones con 11 puntos.​​ Una octava canción, «Zij was zo mooi», también interpretada por Neefs, había sido seleccionada para la final, pero decidió retirarla para que el jurado no tuviera que dividir los votos entre sus dos canciones.​
Esta canción fue la representación belga en el Festival de Eurovisión 1967.​ La orquesta fue dirigida por Francis Bay.​
La canción fue interpretada 10.ª en la noche del 8 de abril de 1967 por Louis Neefs, precedida por Alemania con Inge Brück interpretando «Anouschka» y seguida por Reino Unido con Sandie Shaw interpretando «Puppet on a String».​ Al final de las votaciones, la canción había recibido 8 puntos, quedando en 7º puesto de un total de 17.​​
Louis Neefs volvería a representar a Bélgica en 1969 con la canción «Jennifer Jennings», tema que quedaría también en 7ª posición, siendo la tercera vez seguida que el país quedaba en ese puesto.​
Fue sucedida como representación belga en el Festival de 1968 por Claude Lombard con «Quand tu reviendras», que también quedó en 7º puesto.​
La canción habla sobre las preocupaciones del intérprete, causadas por el interés en el amor.​ La letra está escrita en un tono humorístico.
Fuente:​
Heb Sed

Heb Sed, Fiesta Sed o Fiesta de renovación real fue posiblemente la más importante celebración de los soberanos del antiguo Egipto. El propósito de esta festividad parece haber sido la renovación de la fuerza física y la energía sobrenatural del faraón.
Está documentada, junto a otras fiestas egipcias, en la Piedra de Palermo desde tiempos de la primera dinastía, perdurando hasta el periodo Ptolemaico, cuando esta ceremonia fue traducida al griego como "fiesta de los treinta años". Algunos faraones, como Amenhotep III y Ramsés II, parecen haber celebrado su primer Heb Sed durante el año 30.º o 31.º de su reinado y posteriormente cada tercer año, estimándose que fue la norma general para celebrar la fiesta, aunque hubo algunas excepciones.
No perdura ningún manuscrito que relate claramente esta fiesta quedando solo inscripciones pictóricas como únicos testimonios, donde se representan diversos episodios pero sin especificar el orden de los acontecimientos. Uno de los conjuntos de escenas mejor preservados se encontró en el Templo Solar del faraón Nyuserra-Iny, en Abu Gurab, aunque los bajorrelieves del templo se hallan dispersos en varias colecciones.
Las fiestas Sed se celebraban el primer día del mes de Tybi en la estación de Peret, más o menos el primer mes de invierno y duraban 10 días.
Perfil HE

El perfil HE es un tipo de perfil laminado correspondiente a la normativa europea cuya sección transversal tiene forma de doble T, con alas más anchas que un perfil doble T de tipo IPN o IPE. Las caras exteriores e interiores de las alas son paralelas entre sí y perpendiculares al alma, por lo que las alas tienen espesor constante. Las uniones entre las caras del alma y las caras interiores de las alas son redondeadas. Además, las alas tienen el borde con aristas exteriores e interiores vivas.
Los perfiles HE comprenden las tres series siguientes:
Estos perfiles son designados por las letras HEB, HEA o HEM, seguidas de un número que indica la altura total nominal (h) del perfil base HEB, expresada en milímetros. Para los perfiles de altura nominal del perfil HEB igual o inferior a 300 mm, la anchura de las alas (b) es igual a la altura h. Para los perfiles de h > 300mm, la anchura de las alas es igual a 300 mm.
Los perfiles HE se definen de acuerdo con las siguientes normas:
Si bien los perfiles HE tienen un rendimiento η {\displaystyle \eta } algo inferior al de los perfiles IPE o IPN, tienen un mejor comportamiento a la torsión y también tienen una carga crítica notablemente superior por tener los dos momentos de inercia seccionales más equilibrados. Eso lleva a que en vigas con cierta flexión o pilares con compresiones moderadas se prefiera un perfil HEB a un perfil IPE o IPN.
http://www.construmatica.com/construpedia/
Pabellón del jubileo

El jeroglífico muestra una vista lateral de un pabellón con la techumbre curvada, que es similar a la mitad del jeroglífico anterior.​
Las tablillas más antiguas, como la del faraón Den, ya muestran la imagen lateral de un pabellón real. En la imagen, se ve al faraón sentado, portando las dos coronas, la del sur, la corona Blanca, y la del norte (delta del Nilo), la corona Roja.
Otro ejemplo es un dintel de la época del faraón Senusert II, de la duodécima dinastía, siglo XIX a. C.
El amuleto del contrapeso de menat de Psamético I utiliza los tres jeroglíficos separados: pasaje, cuenco y pabellón en ese orden. Debajo un lagarto, un ave, y el título real en egipcio antiguo Nesut-Bity (rey del sur y del norte) con el nombre de Psamético II dentro de un cartucho egipcio. El lagarto indica las «multitudes»: el pueblo de Antiguo Egipto. Al principio del texto la cobra, después la palabra Hb-Sd, y un determinativo.​
El texto completo indica aproximadamente: Anuncio: Heb-Sed, multitudes, Nesut Bity, Psamético I.