davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Bursa Malaysia

Bursa Malaysia is the stock exchange in Malaysia. It is one of the largest bourses in ASEAN. It is based in Kuala Lumpur and was previously known as the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE). It provides full integration of transactions, offering a wide range of currency exchange and related services, including trading, settlement, clearing and savings services.
Along with the Securities Commission of Malaysia, the stock exchange regulates the capital market in Malaysia and, through its facilities, upholds the duty to manage and maintain order in the trading of stocks, bonds and derivatives.
Bursa Malaysia was established in 1930, when the Singapore Stockbrokers Association became an official organization of securities in Malaya. In 1937, it was re-registered as the Stockbrokers' Association of Malaya, but it still did not trade public shares. In 1960, the Malayan Stock Exchange was formed and public trading started on 9 May that year. In 1961, a board system was introduced in two trading places, one in Singapore and one in Kuala Lumpur. The two trading rooms were linked by direct telephone lines into a single market with the same stocks and shares listed at a single set of prices on both boards.
The Malaysian Stock Exchange was formally formed in 1964, and in the following year, with the separation of Singapore from Malaysia, the stock exchange continued to function under the Malaysian and Singapore Stock Exchange (MSSE).
In 1973, with the termination of currency interchangeability between Malaysia and Singapore, the SEMS was separated into the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange Bhd (KLSEB) and the Stock Exchange of Singapore (SES). Malaysian companies continued to be listed on SES and vice versa. A new company limited by guarantee, The Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) took over operations of KLSEB as the stock exchange. In 1994, it was renamed Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange.
It also fully suspended the trading of CLOB (Central Limit Order Book) counters, indefinitely freezing approximately US$4.47 billion worth of shares and affecting 172,000 investors, most of them Singaporeans.
Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) became a demutualized exchange and was renamed Bursa Malaysia in 2004. It consists of a Main Board, a Second Board and MESDAQ (now ACE Market) with total market capitalization of (USD$397.39 billion).
On 7 May 2024, Bursa Malaysia hit RM2 trillion in market capitalisation for the first time.
List of capitals in Malaysia

The following is a list of capitals in Malaysia. It describes the national, state, and district capitals of Malaysia.
The national capital of Malaysia is Kuala Lumpur. It remains the primary cultural, business and financial centre in Malaysia. The Parliament of Malaysia and the official residence of the King are also located in Kuala Lumpur. In 2001, the seat of government was moved from Kuala Lumpur to the planned city of Putrajaya which from then on served as the federal administrative centre, sometimes referred to as the administrative capital. Both these cities, together with Labuan, have special status as Federal Territories of Malaysia.
Article 154(1) of the Federal Constitution states that unless been declared otherwise by the Parliament, Kuala Lumpur shall remain as the federal capital.
Each state in Malaysia has its own state capital, where the state administration is carried out by each respective state government that is formed after winning the elections. The three Federal Territories of Malaysia – Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya – are headed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and administered by the Department of the Federal Territories under the Prime Minister's Department.
All the states in Peninsular Malaysia except for Malacca, Penang, are constitutional monarchies. The two and Sabah and Sarawak are non-monarchical states, which are headed by a Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Governors). Thus, those states with constitutional monarchies have royal capitals or seats where the palace or official residences of the monarchs are situated. These capitals are sometimes different from the state's administrative capitals. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong resides in Kuala Lumpur.
Tower M

Tower M, formerly known as the KLCC East Gate Tower, is a proposed megatall skyscraper project in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia situated within the Kuala Lumpur City Centre (KLCC). KLCC Property Holdings Berhad, which was also responsible for the development of the Petronas Twin Towers, is currently developing the building as part of the revised KLCC Development Master Plan 1995. The masterplan was reviewed in 2012 to enhance the development potential of the development's remaining undeveloped parcels.
The Tower M precinct will consist of three office towers on top of a retail podium and come upon four acres of land named Lots L, L1 and M next to Persiaran KLCC MRT station, previously KLCC East on the Putrajaya Line. It is planned to be 700 m (2,297 ft) high with 145 storeys. In July 2018, KLCCH which is the landowner stated that there are no immediate plans to construct the office towers. If the demand arises, planning is unlikely to start before the year 2035.
The piling and foundation works for the tower started in early 2019. Foundation works of the tower goes 130 to 150 meter deep into the ground at the base of the tower. Works of it had to be done along with the construction of the upcoming MRT underground station due to the strict requirement of movements on the structure.
The first phase of the Tower M precinct is a 6-storey retail podium building and a gallery space for Petronas under the masterplan. The mall would be integrated with the upcoming MRT station served by the Putrajaya Line which is scheduled to be completed by early 2023. The structure of the building is designed in the form of cantilever and atypical facade. The construction of its retail component commenced in July 2019 while part of Phase 1 is being developed by Samsung C&T (KL) Sdn Bhd, a subsidiary of the Samsung C&T Corp.
The tower and its retail mall will be served by the PY21 Persiaran KLCC MRT station which is located underneath Jalan Binjai. It would also serve the whole KLCC district. The station is not connected to any interchange.
3°9′27.8598″N 101°43′3.7986″E﻿ / ﻿3.157738833°N 101.717721833°E﻿ / 3.157738833; 101.717721833
Fairmont Kuala Lumpur Towers

Fairmont Kuala Lumpur Towers, also known as Fairmont KL Towers (Fairmont KL Tower 1 and Fairmont KL Tower 2), is a proposed pair of mixed-use twin skyscrapers located in the prestigious Kuala Lumpur City Centre area of Kuala Lumpur, developed by KLCC Property Holdings in collaboration with QD Asia Pacific. Construction commenced in 2014, but significant work was halted in 2018 and did not resume until early 2024. As of early 2025, the basement structure up to the ground level is completed. A temporary plaza called Dataran KLCC has been constructed to serve the area until the primary tower construction continues.
Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore growth triangle

The SIJORI was established in 1994 between three countries, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore, to strengthen economic links in the region and optimise the complementarity between the three countries. It started off as the SIJORI Growth Triangle in 1989, which includes Singapore, Johor (Malaysia), and Riau Archipelago, a part of Riau Islands Province (Indonesia).
The SIJORI Growth Triangle is a partnership arrangement between Singapore, Johor (in Malaysia), and Riau Islands (in Indonesia) that combines the competitive strengths of the three areas to make the subregion more attractive to regional and international investors. More specifically, it links the infrastructure, capital, and expertise of Singapore with the natural and labour resources and the abundance of land of Johor and Riau.
The SIJORI Growth Triangle was first publicly announced in 1989 by Singapore Deputy Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong. The 'triangle of growth' was envisioned to be a key component of the Singapore regionalisation scheme of the 1980s and 1990s, relocating labour-intensive industries to neighbouring places such as the Malaysian state of Johor (known as the Iskandar Development Region) and the island of Batam in the nearby Indonesian province of Riau (at the time, before splitting off as a part of Riau Islands province in 2004).
As more Malaysian and Indonesian states joined the grouping, the IMS-GT was formed to formalise the new grouping. A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed on 17 December 1994 by the representatives of the participating countries; Singapore's Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, Malaysia' s International Trade and Industry Minister Datuk Seri Rafidah Aziz and Indonesia's Coordinating Minister for Trade and Industry Hartono.
Batam is a tax free export zone rather than a free port, therefore much industry is limited to international exports. Batam has also become an alternate air transport hub as Java's airports are congested. Some 62,000 Singaporeans visited Batam in January 2012, compared with stronger links to Johor, some 70,000 daily.
sources: (Budan Pusat Statistik 2010 Census Indonesia, Statistics Singapore, Statistics Malaysia)
For GDP stats, Riau Island's Quarterly GDP output was Rp26.510.648,31 mln (Q1/14, US$2.3 billion or US$9 billion annual) Singapore's Quarterly GDP was 95,959.1 mln (Q1/14, $76.57 billion or US$310 billion annual) and Johor Bahru state was RM24,452 per capita (entire 2012, US$26 billion annual).
Kuala Lumpur City Hall

3°9′8.8″N 101°41′39.0″E﻿ / ﻿3.152444°N 101.694167°E﻿ / 3.152444; 101.694167
The Kuala Lumpur City Hall (Malay: Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur, abbreviated DBKL) is the city council which administers the city of Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. This council was established after the city was officially granted city status on 1 February 1972. Their jurisdiction covers an area of 243 square kilometres.
The council consists of the mayor plus fifteen members of the city advisory board appointed to serve a one-year term by the Minister of Territories. The current mayor of Kuala Lumpur is Maimunah Mohd Sharif, who has been in office since 15 August 2024.
The agency was formerly known as Kuala Lumpur Municipal Council formed in 1948 to take over the role of Kuala Lumpur Sanitary Board.(Malay: Majlis Perbandaran Kuala Lumpur). During British colonial times and early independence, Kuala Lumpur had been the capital of the country as well as the state of Selangor.
On 1 April 1961, the name changed into Kuala Lumpur Federal Capital Commission (Malay: Suruhanjaya Ibu Kota Persekutuan).
Kuala Lumpur later achieved city status on 1 February 1972, becoming the first settlement in Malaysia to be granted the status after independence. The name changed into Kuala Lumpur City Hall (Malay: Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur). Later, on 1 February 1974, Kuala Lumpur became a Federal Territory. Kuala Lumpur ceased to be the capital of Selangor in 1978 after the city of Shah Alam was declared as the new state capital.
Kuala Lumpur was administered by a corporation sole called the Federal Capital Commissioner (Malay: Pesuruhjaya Ibu Kota Persekutuan) from 1 April 1961 until it was awarded city status on 1 February 1972, after which executive power was transferred to the Mayor (Malay: Datuk Bandar).
Executive power lies with the mayor in the city hall, who is appointed for three years by the Minister of Federal Territories. This system of appointing the mayor and councillor has been in place ever since the local government elections were suspended in 1970.
On 14 May 1990, Kuala Lumpur celebrated 100 years of local council. The new Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur flag and anthem were introduced. Kuala Lumpur City Hall launched its own coat of arms on 31 January 1992, which is a modification of the coat of arms of the former municipal council. It incorporated the city's emblem in use since Kuala Lumpur became a city.
Since 1972, the city has been led by fifteen mayors. The previous mayors are listed as below:
As of August 2024
The city advisory board makes recommendations on Council's strategic policy and priorities, governance policy and structure, financial planning and budgeting, fiscal policy including revenue and tax policies, intergovernmental and international relations, Council and its operations, and human resources and labour relations.
As of August 2024:
As of 10 August 2018
KLCC Park

The KLCC Park (Malay: Taman KLCC) is an urban park in Kuala Lumpur City Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The park has been designed to provide greenery to Petronas Twin Towers and the areas surrounding it.
The park was designed by Roberto Burle Marx. It is said that it was the last work undertaken by the Brazilian architect. When the park was designed, the aim was to "leave the world a little more sensitive and a little more educated to the importance of nature".
The park was designed to showcase a heritage of tropical greenery by integrating man's creation with nature. The park itself contrasts as a calm environment in the midst of the hustle and bustle of the city. The park features many combinations of man-made design such as cements, water features and also natural features such as trees, shrubs, stones and wood. Elements of shape and topography were created to give an illusion of space. The combination of trees, shrubs and sculptures were arranged to provide color and form to the park.
Conservation and bio-diversity was a major influence in the creation of the park. 23 of the mature and rarer specimens were saved from the old Selangor Turf Club and transplanted into the park grounds. 1900 indigenous trees and 66 species of palms were planted in the park to promote bio-diversity. The trees were deliberately selected to attract local and migratory birds.
A man made lake was built in the middle of the park with a 280 meter high water fountain, directly in front of Suria KLCC mall and Petronas Twin Towers towards the middle of the park. A 4.3 meter elevated bridge that cut across the lake provides a vantage view of the park and the twin towers.
Lake Symphony is a 10,000 square meter man made lake with water fountains. The main fountain can shoot water up to a height of 280 metres. At night, there are lights, musics and fountains daily.
A 1.3 km. long jogging track is covered with EPDM, a special rubberised material for comfort and safety. Rest areas are provided along interconnecting footpaths and numbered on the local map.
Various waterfalls, fountains, cascade and reflecting pools are scattered around the park.
A children's playground with a public pool is located on the west side of the park.
KLCC Park features the As Syakirin Mosque.
Three women were attacked during a mugging incident on the night of 30 June 2014.
Telekom Tower

3°6′56.99″N 101°39′58.00″E﻿ / ﻿3.1158306°N 101.6661111°E﻿ / 3.1158306; 101.6661111
Telekom Tower (Malay: Menara Telekom), also known as TM Tower, is a 55-storey, 310-meter-tall supertall skyscraper in Lembah Pantai in western Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Until 2023 it was the headquarters of Malaysian telecommunications company Telekom Malaysia.
It is the world's fourth-tallest twisted building. It is Malaysia's fifth-tallest building, and is shaped to represent a sprouting "bamboo shoot". It is regarded as the first twisted skyscraper in the world. It was designed by Hijjas Kasturi Associates and was constructed between 1998 and 2001 by Daewoo Construction. The building was officially opened on 11 February 2003 by the fourth Malaysian Prime Minister, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad. It resembles the Bitexco Financial Tower (finished in 2010) in Ho Chi Minh City, and the Telecommunications Tower (finished in 2002) in Montevideo.
With a series of hanging gardens climbing it, the structure cost over $160 million. The tower has been designed to benefit from its surrounding environment, using its windows, orientation, and air condition system to encourage energy saving.
The complex also includes a 2,500-capacity theatre, a large prayer hall (surau) and a sports facility. A unique feature of the tower is its 22 open sky gardens alternating every three floors. The office floors are separated into north and south wings served by express double-deck elevators.
Near the building is Kerinchi Pylon, the tallest electricity pylon in Southeast Asia.
Menara Telekom houses several well-known tenants, namely Mercedes-Benz, BASF, DHL, Hapag-Lloyd, Unilever, Henkel Malaysia, Malaysia Airlines, Takaful Nasional and the IT Department of Tenaga Nasional.
The building resembles Stark Tower (later Avengers Tower) as depicted in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films, starting with The Avengers. As part of the collaboration between TM and Marvel Malaysia in a tie-in for Avengers: Infinity War, the Avengers logo was projected on the Telekom Tower.
TM Tower is within walking distance from KJ18 Kerinchi LRT station on the Kelana Jaya line.
TM Tower is located along the Kuala Lumpur-Klang Highway. The Sprint toll road empties into the Federal Highway nearby.
List of tallest twin buildings and structures

The term twin towers in architecture refers to two tall structures with nearly identical characteristics and similar height, usually constructed close to each other and part of a single complex. The charts below lists most twin and other multi-column structures with similar characteristics. Buildings and structures shorter than 90 m (300 ft) are not included.
The following list includes only twin buildings that are continuously habitable.
The following list shows the tallest completed twin buildings located in each continent:
Janet Frame

Janet Frame zo ur skrivagnerez zelandneveziat ganet e Dunedin e 1924 ha marvet e 2004.
Lent betek re e oa ha dre-se lakaet diaes en he darempredoù gant ar re all. Kaset e voe d'ur bredospital lec'h ma c'houzañvas kalz ha ma voe darbet dezhi bezañ lobotomizet.
En hec'h oberennoù e ro plas d'an dud disheñvel dre o spered, o c'horf pe o doare-bevañ. En o zouez emañ An angel at my table (Un ael ouzh taol ganin) a zo bet savet ur film diwarnañ gant Jane Campion.
Roderic O'Conor

Roderic O'Conor, ganet d'ar 17 a viz Here 1860 hag aet d'an Anaon d'an 18 a viz Meurzh 1940 e Nueil-sur-Layon a oa ul livour iwerzhonat. Tremenet en devoa darn eus e vuhez vicherel e Pariz o kemer perzh e luskad Skol Pont-Aven. Labourioù O'Conor a oa neuze trivliadour.
John William Godward

John William Godward (9 a viz Eost, 1861; 13 a viz Kerzu, 1922) a oa ul livour saoz eus mare ar rakrafaelouriezh. En em lazhañ a reas da 61 bloaz.
Mignon e oa da Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema met e zoare da livañ a zegouezhas e-maez a c'hiz pa oa brud o tont da dud evel Picasso. Kontet e voe en doa skrivet, a-raok en em lazhañ, "ne oa ket bras a-walc'h ar bed evitañ hag ur Picasso”.
Ha n'eo ket klok ar roll.
Monthly Shōnen Sunday

Monthly Shōnen Sunday (japaneg : 月刊少年サンデー), anavezet ivez gant an titl Get the Sun (ゲッサン) a zo ur magazin manga shōnen miziek embannet e Japan gant Shōgakukan abaoe an 12 a viz Mae 2009. Ur magazion evit krennarded ha tud tro-dro 20 vloaz eo (evel lennerien Monthly Shonen Jump). Krouidigezh ar magazin a oa bet embannet e miz C'hwevrer 2009. Hayashi Masato, hag a zo e penn Weekly Shōnen Sunday, a zo ivez e penn Monthly Shōnen Sunday.
E-touez ar vangakaed a grogas da lakaat embann o labour er magazin emañ Yellow Tanabe, Mitsuru Adachi ha Kiyohiko Azuma.
Thomas Gainsborough

Thomas Gainsborough (Sudbury, Suffolk, 14 a viz Mae 1727 - Londrez, 2 a viz Eost 1788) a oa ul livour saoz, ar poltredour brudetañ en e vro en XVIII kantved.
Er bloavezhioù 1740 e timezas gant Margaret Burr (1728-1798), bastardez da Henry Scudamore, dug Beaufort, a roe 200 £ dezho bep bloaz.
Gainsborough a varvas Diwar ar c'hrign-bev e varvas al livour e 1788 pa oa 62 vloaz.
Setu amañ 36 poltred ha 12 gweledva bet livet gant Th. Gainsborough etre 1745 ha 1788.
Na h-Eileanan Ascrib

Na h-Eileanan Ascrib (Ascrib Islands e saozneg) a zo un enezeg vihan e Loch Snìosort, ul loc'h-vor er biz da an t-Eilean Sgitheanach, en Inizi Gall, en Uheldirioù Bro-Skos.
Pemp enezenn zo, hag un toullad kerreg. Ascrib a Deas eo an hini vrasañ ha suañ. Ar re all zo : Scalp Rock, Eilean Garave, Sgeir a' Chapuill, Sgeir a' Chuain, Eilean Creagach hag Eilean Losal.
War un dro gant Ìosaigh e Loch Dhùn Bheagain int bet lakaet da Dachenn-Virlec'h ar reuniged (Phoca vitulina). Plaen a-walc'h eo an inizi, 41 m eo al lec'h uhelañ, ha n'eus gwezenn ebet warno.
Un ti zo en enezenn vrasañ. Lakaet e oa bet an enezeg e gwerzh e dibenn 1990 ha prenet gant Peter Palumbo, ur baron saoz dastumer taolennoù ha marc'hadour-tiez.
Rùm

Rùm (pe Rum e saozneg alies) zo unan eus an Inizi Gall, e Bro-Skos. Bihan eo an enezenn, n'eus nemet un 30 a dud o chom eno, e-kichen kastell Kinloch, en arvor reter.
E-pad ur mare e oa bet anvet Rhum gant ar perc'henn George Bullough, abalamour ma tisplije dezhañ an anv saoznek Rum, a zo anv ar rom e brezhoneg. N'oa ket deuet dezhañ ar soñj da gemer an anv gouezelek gwirion. Kalz inizi bihan all zo e Bro-Skos, hag ar 15vet brasañ eo Rùm.
Annezet abaoe an 8vet milved kent JK ha gant-se e kaver eno roudoù tud a zo eus ar re goshañ en istor Skos.
Hervez Haswell-Smith (2004) e vije rakkeltiek anv Rum, pe marteze norsek, pe eus rõm-øy a vije "enezenn ledan" pe eus ì-dhruim
Muile

Muile (distaget: [ˈmulə]; Isle of Mull e saozneg) zo unan eus an Inizi Gall e Bro-Skos, en hanternoz da Enez Diùra . Tobar Mhoire eo ar gêrbenn.
480 kilometrad aodoù zo d'an enezenn. Beinn Mhòr (Muile) eo ar menez uhelañ, 966 metr dezhañ.
E ledenez Aros en hanternoz emañ Tobar Mhoire. Salen ha Calgary eo ar c'hêriadennoù all.
Er Ross of Mull, a zo er mervent, emañ Bun Easain, Pennyghael, Uisken ha Fionnphort. Er reter emañ Lochbuie, Lochdon ha Craignure .
Kalz inizi zo er c'huzh-heol da Enez Muile, en o zouez Earraid, Iona hag Ulbha. Inizi bihan didud zo ivez: Eorsa, Gometra, Inch Kenneth, Little Colonsay, an Treshnish Isles ha Staffa of Fingal's Cave fame.
Talvoudegezh ː * mello- = breton mael = run. Un enezenn heñvel diouzh ur run.
Kastell Torosay e Muile zo d'un tiegezh skosat kozh, ar c'hlan Guthrie.
O-Zone

O-Zone a zo ur strollad sonerezh pop dance eus Moldavia, tri Roumanad a zo ennañ (Dan Bălan, Radu Sârbu hag Arsenie Toderaş). Abaoe 2004 eo brudet dre ar bed, en arbenn d'ar ganaouenn Dragostea Din Tei (Karantez dindan ur wezenn-dilh). Brudet eo bet an ton-se gant videoioù lakaet war internet, en o zouez hini Gary Brolsma, ur c'hrenard amerikan a 19 bloaz. Dragostea din tei a zo ur ganaouenn gant leun a yezhoù disheñvel enni.Berzh e ra e Amerika ar Su, er c'humuniezhioù gay dreist-holl, hag e Sina ar c'hôrnog.
Ar strollad O-Zone a gemeras perzh en Nouvelle Star eus Romania e 2004, met kollet o deus pa oant er c'hardgourfenn. Dispartiañ a ra ar strollad e fin 2004.
Arsenie Toderaş a gendalc'h e unan dindan an anv-pluenn Arsenium, dileuriet en deus Moldavia e kenstivadeg Eurovision e 2006 gant Natalia Gordienko ha Connect-R, o kanañ Loca. Erruout a ra en 20vet plas gant 22 poent, dirak Bro-Sagn gant ar strollad Las Ketchup hag ar Rouantelezh Unanet gant Daz Sampson.
Kenderc'hel a ra ivez Radu Sarbu da ganañ e unan (gant an anv RadU). Dan Balan a gendalc'h eñ gant ur raktres rock gant ar strollad Balan, ha goude gant ur raktres pop Crazy Loop. E 2008 e vez adkanet Dragostea Din Tei gant ar c'haner amerikan T.I. ha Rihanna, dindan ur stumm Hip Hop, anvet eo ar ganaouenn nevez "Live your life", En eil plas ar singles e voe e SUA.
Petru Jelihovschi a zo bet ivez er strollad.
Tizi Ouzou

Tizi Ouzou a zo kêrbenn Kabilia ha kreizenn ar sevenadur berber, ur gêr eus Aljeria eo.
Tizi Ouzou a zo 100 km eus Alje, kêrbenn Aljeria. Emañ ivez Tizi Ouzou kêrbenn Kabilia ha kreizenn ar sevenadur berber. An eil gêr vrasañ goude Alje eo. He c'humun bennañ eo Tizi-Ouzou. Komzet e vez alies en Aljeria eus ar «wilaya». Ur wilaya a zo strolladoù tiriegezhioù publik. Tud o vevañ war douaroù, ‘bet c’hoazet ar bevennoù anezhe gant ar gouarnamant. Disheñvel eo ur wilaya diouzh ur gumun. E [[wilaya)) Tizi Ouzou ez eus 67 kumun. E 2008 e oa bet kontet 1 127 608 den o vevañ e wilaya Tizi Ouzou.
Lec'hiet eo e traonienn oued Sebaou ha tro-dro ez eo kelc'hiet a venezioù. Savet eo bet ar gêr e 200m uhelder er menezioù. An Djurdjura eo an aradennad-venezioù pennañ hag amañ e vez kemeret gant oued ar sebaou e andon (an [(oued sebaou]] eo ster pennañ Kabilia, hag ivez an draonienn treuzet gant ar stêr). Lezanv Tizi Ouzou eo « kêr ar balan » rak bez’ ez eus balan e-leizh hag arouez ar gêr eo. Graet e vez anezhi “kêrbenn an Djurjura” ivez.
An hin a zo tomm ha sec'h, met er goañv e vez erc'h a-wechoù. Tomm-tre e vez an amzer en hañv 'blam d'an aer-vor ne c'hell ket tremen gant ar menezioù.
Er reter Tizi Ouzou ez eus koad Yakouren. Peogwir ez eo brudet ar c’hoad-mañ, e teu ur bern touristed eus a bep lec'h amañ, rak loened e-leizh a zo hag ar struj a zo brav-tre. Brudet eo al lec'h evit gwareziñ ur bern terroristed a vez o koachañ er c'hoad.
A-raok ur gêr vihan, e oa ur c'hastellig giz-turk, met kresket eo tamm-ha-tamm. Savet ez eus bet un iliz, ur skol paotred hag unan evit ar merc’hed, un ti-post, hag all... Met pa’ z eo erruet an hentoù-houarn tro-dro 1888, ez eo aet kalz ar gêr-mañ war-raok. Bremañ ez eus ar sportva bras anveet « Novembre 1954 », digoret e 1978 e reter Tizi Ouzou. Tennet eo an anv eus dispac'h Aljeria. Un hent-houarn zo e kornog ar gêr. Meur a skol-veur hag ha lise a zo bremañ ivez.
- Dechra : eo tout ar pezh e vez kavet a us d'ar boulouard norzh. Lodenn goshañ ar gêr eo. Ar straedoù a zo bihan hag an annezioù giz-kozh. Amañ ez eus c'hoazh moskeennoù, skolioù-koranek hag all... - Kreiz-kêr : Amañ ez eus lodenn vrasañ an dudioù hag ar sevenadur ( ar sinema, ti-ar-sevenadur, ar c'hoariva,...) ur bern skolioù, lise pe skolioù-meur met ivez an oberiantizoù melestradurel (ti-kêr,...), kenwerzel, arc'hantel, an ospitalioù, ar klanvdioù, kef an asurañs kleñved hag all... Ar straed vras eo lec'h pennañ ar marc'had. -Tala Allam, hag a oa a-raok ur gêr vihan, a zo deuet da vezañ ur c'harter gant ur poull neuial, meur a lise, kreizennoù stummañ hag all...
-Ar gêr nevez : lec'hiet eo e Su Tizi Ouzou. Evit gwir ez eus enni meur a geoded evel Salah Louanchi, Djurdjura hag all … Savet eo bet er bloavezhioù dek-ha-tri-ugent. Amañ ez eus dreist-holl tud o vevañ.
Itsasu

Itsasu (Itxassou e galleg hag ent-ofisiel) zo ur gumun eus Lapurdi, en Euskal Herria, e kanton Ezpeleta, treuzet gant ar stêr Errobi. Tost emañ d'ar menezioù Artzamendi (926 m) hag Arranomendi (750 m).
Dont a ra an anv eus "itsas", balan, ha talvout a ra balaneg.
Roland, niz da Karl Veur, a vije tremenet eno, pezh zo diwirheñvel, war lez ar stêr Errobi, ha troad e varc'h en dije torret ur mell roc'h en daou damm. Atekagaitz (tremen fall) eo anv al lec'h, anvet Pas de Roland e galleg. Touristed a-leizh a zeu gant o c'harr d'al lec'h strizh-se, pa vez aes dont war droad.
E miz Meurzh 2012 e oa deuet Sarkozy da weladenniñ ur vereuri en Itsasu dindan gwarez un 20 karrad archerien armet.
Ulex europaeus

Ulex europaeus, the gorse, common gorse, furze or whin, is a species of flowering plant native to Western Europe.
Growing to 4.5 metres (10 ft) tall, it is an evergreen shrub. The young stems are green, with the shoots and leaves modified into green spines, 1–3 centimetres (1⁄2–1+1⁄4 in) long. Young seedlings produce normal leaves for the first few months; these are trifoliate, resembling a small clover leaf.
The solitary flowers are yellow, 1–2 cm (1⁄2–3⁄4 in) long, with the pea-flower structure typical of the Fabaceae; they are produced throughout the year, but mainly over a long period in spring. They are coconut-scented. The fruit is a legume (pod) 2 cm (3⁄4 in) long, dark purplish-brown, partly enclosed by the pale brown remnants of the flower; the pod contains 2–3 small blackish, shiny, hard seeds, which are ejected when the pod splits open in hot weather. Seeds remain viable for 30 years.
Like many species of gorse, it is often a fire-climax plant, which readily catches fire but re-grows from the roots after the fire; the seeds are also adapted to germinate after scorching by fire. It has a tap root, lateral and adventitious roots. An extremely tough and hardy plant, it survives temperatures down to −20 °C (−4 °F). It can live for about thirty years.
Like other legumes, it fixes nitrogen into the soil.
The species has been introduced to other areas of Europe, and also to the Americas, New Zealand, South Africa, and Australia, where it is often considered a weed and is a serious problem invasive species in some areas (notably the western United States, Chile and New Zealand). It was introduced to New Zealand from Britain as a type of hedge, but became a major blight to farmers as the climate suited its growth better than its native habitat and many of its natural predators were absent.
Common gorse is also an invasive species in the montane grasslands of Horton Plains National Park in Sri Lanka. It outcompetes native, endemic species and is a fire hazard.
Biological pest control is used on this plant in many areas. The gorse spider mite (Tetranychus lintearius) and the gorse seed weevil (Exapion ulicis) reduce the spread of the plant.
This plant is used for hedging, boundary definition and groundcover in suitably sunny, open locations. Cultivars include 'Strictus' (Irish gorse), a dwarf form, and the double-flowered, non-fruiting 'Flore Pleno', which has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Bruised gorse was used in some areas for feeding to horses and other livestock. The fragrant petals have a number of culinary uses.
A lectin extracted from seeds of this species binds to, is remarkably specific for, and is the standard method for identification of H substance (absent in the hh antigen system) on human red blood cells. The vast majority of humans express H substance, which is the basis for the ABO blood group system, but a few rare individuals ("Bombay phenotype") do not—and a chemical isolated from U. europaeus is used to identify these individuals. This lectin is also used as a marker for human vascular endothelial cells, and as a tool for their isolation for in vitro culture.
Gorse in New Zealand

Gorse (Ulex europaeus) was introduced to New Zealand in the early stages of European settlement. It is now a major invasive plant species with millions of dollars spent on its control.
Introduced from Western Europe in the very early stages of European settlement, it was recorded by Charles Darwin during his voyage through New Zealand waters in 1835 as growing in hedges in the Bay of Islands. Its spread and development as a weed in New Zealand's temperate climate was rapid, but settlers failed to recognise the threat; gorse seed continued to be imported and plantings deliberately established into the 1900s.
Gorse has been used for hedges and windbreaks on the Canterbury Plains since the 1850s. These windbreaks have a combined length of 300,000 kilometres.
Gorse has been found to form a useful nursery for many species for native bush regeneration. When young, gorse bushes are very dense. As they grow older, they become 'leggy', and provide the ideal conditions for native seeds to germinate and grow. The native seedlings grow up through the gorse, cutting out its light and eventually replacing it. This technique is working successfully and within a short time frame at Hinewai Reserve on Banks Peninsula.
The introduction resulted in large spreading infestations over hundreds of hectares, peaking in the late 1940s. It was recognised as a threat as early as 1861 with the Provincial Council in Nelson passing an act to prevent the planting of gorse hedges. The seed can lie dormant on the ground for up to 50 years, germinating quickly after the adults have been removed. Unfortunately, most methods of removing adult gorse plants, such as burning or bulldozing them, create the ideal conditions for the gorse seeds to germinate and total eradication with current technology seems impossible. Gorse is now one of the most widely recognised agricultural weeds in New Zealand. It covers 700,000 hectares (1,700,000 acres) at varying densities — a total of 5% of the land area of New Zealand when excluding existing indigenous forest, vegetated sub-alpine and alpine areas. Gorse became New Zealand's most costly weed to control, an estimated $22 million per annum by the early 1980s.
Current research areas are active management of control agents, development of a bioherbicide, and the use of modelling.
Biological pest control of gorse has been investigated since the 1920s. Seven different agents have been released in New Zealand. Results have been mixed, but in general neither the seed-feeding nor foliage-feeding insects are doing enough damage to be viable as a stand-alone control agent.
Tetranychus lintearius

Tetranychus lintearius is a species of spider mite known as the gorse spider mite. It is used as an agent of biological pest control on common gorse, a noxious weed in some countries.
The adult mite is half a millimeter long and bright red. It lives in colonies in a shelter of spun silk spanning many branch tips. Infested plants are easily identifiable by these cobweb-like sheets of silk, which can grow quite large. The female lays one to four eggs per day during her three- to four-week adult lifespan. The tiny nymph is small enough to disperse on the wind during its first stage. Those that stay behind populate the colony as it expands.
This mite is native to Europe, where it does more damage to the plant than any other organism. The mite appears to be host-specific; it does not attack any other plants. The adult and nymph damage the plant by piercing its tissues during feeding. Heavy mite activity reduces flowering and can stunt the development of the branches.
It is widespread in parts of Australia, including Tasmania. It was introduced to the northwestern United States and Hawaii in the 1990s, where it is now established in gorse. The mite has natural predators, including another mite (Phytoseiulus persimilis) and a species of ladybird (Stethorus punctillum), which can severely reduce its population.
Witch's broom

Witch's broom or witches' broom is a deformity in a woody plant, typically a tree, where the natural structure of the plant is changed. A dense mass of shoots grows from a single point, with the resulting structure resembling a broom or a bird's nest. It is sometimes caused by pathogens.
Diseases with symptoms of witches' broom, caused by phytoplasmas or basidiomycetes, are economically important in a number of crop plants, including the cocoa tree Theobroma cacao, jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) and the timber tree Melia azedarach.
A tree's characteristic shape, or habit, is in part the product of auxins, hormones which control the growth of secondary apices. The growth of an offshoot is limited by the auxin, while that of the parent branch is not. In cases of witch's broom, the normal hierarchy of buds is interrupted, and apices grow indiscriminately. This can be caused by cytokinin, a phytohormone which interferes with growth regulation. The phenomenon can also be caused by other organisms, including fungi, oomycetes, insects, mites, nematodes, phytoplasmas, and viruses. The broom growths may last for many years, typically for the life of the host plant. If twigs of witch's brooms are grafted onto normal rootstocks, freak trees result, showing that the attacking organism has changed the inherited growth pattern of the twigs.
Witches' brooms provide nesting habitat for birds and mammals, such as the northern flying squirrel, which nests in them.
Media related to Witch's broom at Wikimedia Commons
Genista monspessulana

Genista monspessulana, commonly known as French broom, Montpellier broom, or Cape broom (Australia), is a woody leguminous perennial shrub. The yellow-flowering bush is native to the Mediterranean region, and while it may still be commonly sold in some garden stores, it is considered an invasive plant in most places where it has been introduced. It is a noxious weed on the western coast of the US and in parts of Australia.
G. monspessulana grows to 1–2.5 metres (3+1⁄2–8 feet) tall, with slender green branches. Stems generally ridged or angled and green when young. The leaves are evergreen, trifoliate with three narrow obovate leaflets, 1–2 centimetres (1⁄2–3⁄4 inch) long. The flowers are yellow, grouped 3–9 together in short racemes. Like other legumes, it develops its seeds within a pod. The pods are 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) long, tough and hard, covered all over with hairs, and are transported easily by flowing water and animals. They burst open with force, dispersing the seeds several metres. The plant begins seed production once it reaches a height of approximately 40 cm (16 in), and each plant can live for 10–20 years. One mature plant can produce 10,000 seeds per season. The generous seed production and the plant's ability to re-sprout after cutting or burning help it to invade new habitat vigorously when introduced.
It is related to the common broom and Spanish broom.
G. monspessulana and related plants are common in European shrublands. French broom was originally distributed throughout Mediterranean Europe and northwest Africa, the Azores, and the Canary Islands. Due to its lower tolerance for frost than other broom species, it is common in warmer, lower elevation areas. It is found on coastal strips and in sunny inland areas, and does best with plentiful rainfall and sandy soils.
When introduced to a new area, French broom can become an invasive plant. Its reproductive vigour and preference for Mediterranean climates make it a very successful species in California and the Pacific Northwest, where it is considered a severe noxious weed, covering over 40 kilohectares. It is even more widespread in Australia, where it covers 600 kilohectares and is also considered a noxious weed.
The plant often outcompetes native vegetation, forming dense fields where other species are almost completely crowded out. Stands of French broom can be so thick that they make meadows and pastures useless for wild and domestic animals. It can also shade out tree seedlings in reforested areas and tends to catch fire.
The leaves and seeds contain alkaloids which are poisonous to many large domestic animals.
Brittany Lauda

Brittany Lauda (born February 18) is an American voice actress and voice director who has appeared in English-language dubs of Japanese anime and video games. Her debut role was in Queen's Blade Rebellion, where she voiced Mirim.
Lauda has been involved in many productions for Media Blasters. Some of her major roles are Ichigo in Darling in the Franxx, Yuzuriha Ogawa in Dr. Stone, Plug Cryostat in Fight Ippatsu! Jūden-chan!!, Audrey Belrose in HuniePop, Cammot in Holy Knight, Riko in Made in Abyss, Osana Najimi in Yandere Simulator, and Ui Wakana the title character in My Wife is the Student Council President. She and fellow voice director Melanie Ehrlich had a production company called MB VoiceWorks which worked on the dub for Holy Knight and casting for Ladies versus Butlers. She graduated from Harborfields High School in Greenlawn, New York, and the State University of New York at Geneseo with a Bachelor of Arts degree in history. She has also been an active cosplayer at anime and science fiction conventions under the name Bree Faith.
Lauda married Matt Shipman on July 7, 2018. On June 6, 2020, she made a post on Twitter stating she is pansexual.
Lauda is gender-nonconforming, genderqueer and goes by any pronouns.
Brompton, Kent

Brompton is a village near the town of Chatham in Medway, Kent, England. Its name means "a farmstead where broom grows" — broom is a small yellow flowering shrub. Today, Brompton is a suburban village and is located between Chatham Dockyard and the town of Gillingham.
Brompton dates back to the late 17th century, and grew rapidly in the 18th century to accommodate the fast-growing dockyard workforce. It was a deliberately planned settlement, laid out by Thomas Rogers, Esquire, the owner of Westcourt Manor on whose demesne lands it was built. In the 1750s, with the building of the Chatham Lines to defend Chatham Dockyard, the village became completely surrounded by military establishments, limiting its ability to expand much beyond its original plan. When war with France recommenced in 1778, it was necessary to strengthen the dockyard defences. Fort Amherst and the Chatham Lines (defensive ditches) were improved and extended, and work was later begun on additional perimeter forts in Chatham and Rochester. The Barracks – still in existence today – were built to house the soldiers. This, and the expansion of the dockyard, meant that more homes were needed for the workers. The position of the Chatham Lines meant that eventually building could only happen to the east of the defensive ditch, and so New Brompton came into being. The population rose to 9,000 by 1851.
From the 1850s, following the building of New Brompton & Gillingham Station, and the subsequent expansion of the town of New Brompton (Gillingham), the original settlement of Brompton became known as Old Brompton. From the late 19th century the importance of Old Brompton as a commercial center began to decline, finally being destroyed in the 1950s and 1960s when redevelopment by Gillingham Council tore down the main 18th & 19th century shopping streets (High Street, Wood Street, Middle Street), replacing shops with council housing, leaving just a handful of shops at the southern end of the High Street. The closure of Chatham Dockyard in 1984 spelled the end for several of the shops and pubs that did manage to survive the Council redevelopments.
Gillingham Green was a small village; eventually it, too, was swallowed up, and the name of the whole settlement changed to Gillingham.
Officers' houses were built within the confines of the Barracks and at Brompton where Mansion Row, Prospect Row and Garden Street now form part of the Brompton-Lines conservation area.
New Brompton was the name originally given to Gillingham station on the Chatham Main Line. New Brompton was the original name of Gillingham F.C. Founded in 1893 it changed its name in 1913.
Brompton Barracks has been home to the Royal Engineers since 1812, and now houses the Royal Engineers Museum. The Royal School of Military Engineering (RSME) is based at Brompton Barracks
Brompton is also part of the Chatham Dockyard World Heritage bid.
Acacia drummondii

Acacia drummondii, commonly known as Drummond's wattle, is a flowering shrub in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It has yellow flowers and green to bluish-green foliage.
Acacia drummondii is an erect and compact shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.3 to 1.8 metres (1.0 to 5.9 ft) and similar width. It a variable shrub, branches are thin and reddish, leaves bipinnate, mid-green to slightly bluish green, smooth or densely hairy. The yellow flowers are borne in leaf axils, rod-like, 2–4 cm (0.79–1.57 in) long and scentless. Flowering occurs between June and October and the fruit is a rigid, pale, dark or brownish-grey pod, 2–3.5 mm (0.079–0.138 in) long and 1.3–2 mm (0.051–0.079 in) wide.
The species was first formally described in 1839 by the botanist John Lindley as part of the work A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony. It was reclassified by Leslie Pedley in 2003 as Racosperma drummondii then transferred back to the genus Acacia in 2006. The species name honours James Drummond, the Government Naturalist of the Swan River Colony.
Drummond's wattle has a disjunct distribution extending north through the Wheatbelt region and south to the Great Southern region around Albany. It is found in a variety of habitats including among granite outcrops, in gullies and low lying areas and on hillsides, and it grows well in sandy and gravelly soils often around laterite. It often forms part of the understorey in forest and woodland communities.
Eremophila calorhabdos

Eremophila calorhabdos, commonly known as red rod or spiked eremophila, is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a distinctive shrub with erect, rod-like branches up to 2.5 m (8 ft) high, leaves with small teeth along the edges, and flowers that change from orange to lipstick pink as they open.
Eremophila calorhabdos is an unusual shrub with a single vertical branch or a few branches up to 2.5 m (8 ft) tall. The branches are densely covered with white hairs contrasting with the green leaves which have fewer hairs. The leaves are crowded and overlapping, arranged spirally, mostly 13–24 mm (0.5–0.9 in) long and 5–12 mm (0.2–0.5 in) wide and elliptic to egg-shaped with small, fine teeth along the edges.
The flowers are borne singly in leaf axils on a stalk 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) long. There are 5 triangular, green sepals which are 2–4 mm (0.08–0.2 in) long. The petals are 20–25 mm (0.8–1 in) long and joined at their lower end to form a tube. The flower buds are orange-coloured but when open, the tube is bright pink to red or purplish. The petal lobes are pointed and the lowest lobe is curved backwards. The 4 stamens extend beyond the petal tube. Flowering mostly occurs from August to May but the flowers are usually most prolific from October to December. Flowering is followed by fruit which are dry, oval-shaped and 6.5–7.5 mm (0.3–0.3 in) long.
The species was first formally described by Ludwig Diels in 1904 and the description was published in Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie. The specific epithet (calorhabdos) means "beautiful wand or spear-shaft".
Eremophila calorhabdos occurs in areas north of Esperance between Grass Patch, Balladonia and Lake King in the Esperance Plains, Coolgardie and Mallee biogeographic regions. It is common in areas disturbed by fire, growing in scattered colonies in sandy, clay or loamy soils on undulating plains and areas that are wet in winter.
Eremophila calorhabdos is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
Red rod is an attractive, fast growing, garden feature plant that has been grown and flowered in different parts of Australia. It is easily propagated from cuttings although a grey-leaved form is more difficult. It grows well in a variety of soils, in full sun or filtered shade and is drought tolerant and frost tolerant as long as the soil is not wet. It can be pruned to form a hedge but must not be pruned below the foliage.
Rosa 'Livin' Easy'

Rosa 'Livin' Easy', (aka HARwelcome), is a floribunda rose cultivar, bred by Jack Harkness. It was introduced into the United States by Weeks Roses in 1992 as 'Fellowship'. The rose was named an All-America Rose Selections winner in 1996.
'Livin' Easy' is a medium bushy, upright shrub, 3 to 5 ft (91–151 cm) in height with a 3 to 4 ft (91–121 cm) spread. Blooms are 4—5 in (10–12 cm) in diameter, with a petal count of 26 to 40. Bloom form is cupped, flat to cupped, and ruffled. Flowers are orange or an apricot-blend, displaying various shades of pink, apricot and orange, with unusual copper colored petal backs. Flowers also have dark pink petal edges and cream or yellow centers. Blooms have a moderate, citrus fragrance, and are generally borne singly, or in small clusters. The plant is vigorous, blooming in flushes from spring through fall. The shrub has medium-sized, glossy, medium-green, dense, leathery foliage. The plant is prone tp blackspot and spiky prickles. It grows well in many climates, and is considered an ideal rose for massed plantings.
'Livin' Easy' was used to hybridize the following rose varieties:
Eben Dobson III

Eben Dobson III is an American entrepreneur and businessman who is the founder of WISP Technologies. The company is best known for its appearance on the US television show Shark Tank.
Dobson lives in Solana Beach, but was born in San Diego.
Dobson had founded WISP nearly six years prior to its appearance on Shark Tank, having thought of the idea after hurting his back bending over to consistently sweep his floor. He had got the name WISP by being able to hit a golf ball to its target from over 300 yards while being slight in stature.