davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Paik's Coffee

Paik's Coffee (Korean: 빽다방) is a South Korean coffeehouse chain, with 1,565 coffee shops.
Paik's Coffee started off in Nonhyeon-Dong next to Paik's restaurant. He wanted to provide bigger portions of instant coffee sticks which attracted the customers. Paik's coffee tries to break the perspective that inexpensive coffee is low in quality. Paik's coffee only uses new crop Brazil beans, which gives a heavy body with the nutty flavor of almonds and soft sweetness like milk chocolate. The beans are roasted and delivered to the shops in less than two days, and is required to be only used for two weeks. Since 2020, Paik's Coffee has launched a mobile app that is able to show the menu, order, pay, and collect stamps at once. Through Smart Order, customers are able to pick-up their drinks as soon as they arrive the shop when ordered beforehand.
In 2021, Paik's Coffee collaborated with Red Bull, releasing a drink called "Red Flame Power". This drink includes a bottle of Red Bull drink and Omija, making the taste more refreshing, cheering up the people going through COVID-19.
Coffee Friends

Coffee Friends (Korean: 커피프렌즈) is a South Korean reality show program on tvN starring Yoo Yeon-seok, Son Ho-jun, Choi Ji-woo and Yang Se-jong.
It aired on tvN on January 4 and ended on March 8, 2019, broadcast on Fridays at 19:10 (KST).
On a tangerine farm in Seogwipo, Jeju Island, four actors run a cafe where they serve brunch to visitors. The show was inspired by a donation project that Yoo Yeon-seok and Son Ho-jun ran each month in 2018. During the donation project, the two friends gave free cups of coffee in exchange for donations of any amount.
In this cafe, the menu does not list prices. Instead, customers are encouraged to donate what they want for their food and beverages.
The total profits earned by the project, 12,093,977₩ (roughly 10,200$), were donated in full to a charity for disabled children at the end of the show.
Tom N Toms

Tom N Toms Coffee (Korean: 탐앤탐스) is a coffeehouse chain based in South Korea. It first opened in the Apgujeong-dong District of Seoul and now has over 400 branches in 9 different countries worldwide. It is also among the top 3 coffee brands in South Korea.
In 2009, the South Korean coffee chain established its first franchises abroad- opening two stores in Australia and one in Singapore. From then on, the company have established branches and franchises across the world, including in the United States, Thailand, Philippines, Macau, China, Mongolia, Malaysia and Hong Kong. The South China Morning Post estimated that the company had 200 international stores. However, this is not stated on the company's official website- which references only 70 global stores on their 'Global List'.
The first store to be located in Macau was opened in September 2015.
In February 2015, Tom N Toms opened its first branch in the Philippines, located in Bacolod City.
As of February 2016, there are 6 to 7 retail stores opened and operating in the Los Angeles, CA (Korea town) not including 1 store in the Little Tokyo and few additional stores in other parts of the United States.
On June 23, 2016, Tom N Toms and RushOrder, a mobile-first food ordering technology company, jointly announced the launch of their partnership to offer on-demand delivery and mobile ordering in the US, with Los Angeles being their first test market.
In June 2016, Tom N Tom's opened their first branch in Hong Kong, located in Sha Tin. In September 2016, Tom N Toms opened its second branch in Philippines at The Greenery in Mabolo, Cebu City. Now (December 2016), there are stores across Hong Kong, including Kwun Tong and The ONE, Tsim Sha Tsui.
Coffee Prince (2007 TV series)

Coffee Prince (Korean: 커피프린스 1호점; RR: Keopipeurinseu 1 Hojeom; lit. The 1st Shop of Coffee Prince) is a 2007 South Korean television series starring Gong Yoo, Yoon Eun-hye, Lee Sun-kyun, and Chae Jung-an. Based on the novel of the same name written by Lee Sun-mi, it was aired on MBC's Mondays and Tuesdays at the 21:55 (KST) from July 2 and August 28, 2007 consisting of 17 episodes.
The drama portrays the story of an unlikely romance between a tomboyish woman, who dresses like a man in order to get work, and a young food empire mogul. It contains homoerotic elements, as the man does not initially know of the tomboy's true sex. Hailed as a hit for its high ratings, the drama received positive reviews from critics and won multiple awards.
Choi Han-gyeol (Gong Yoo) is the grandson of chairwoman Bang (Kim Young-ok) of Dong-in Foods, a company that has a thriving coffee business. He has never had a job and does not care for responsibility. Han-gyeol is hung up on his first love, Han Yoo-joo (Chae Jung-an), who only sees him as a friend. Go Eun-chan (Yoon Eun-hye) is a 24-year-old tomboy who is often mistaken for a guy. Her father died when she was 16 years old and since then she has taken over as the breadwinner in her family. When Han-gyeol and Eun-chan meet, he, not knowing that she is a girl, decides to hire her to pretend to be his gay lover so that he can escape the blind dates arranged by his grandmother.
After getting an ultimatum from his grandmother, Han-gyeol takes over a rundown old coffee shop, later renamed "Coffee Prince," to prove that he's capable, both to his grandmother and to Yoo-joo. In order to attract female customers, he only hires good-looking male employees. Eun-chan, desperate for money, continues to hide her gender to get a job at Coffee Prince.
Soon, feelings start to develop between Eun-chan and Han-gyeol. As Han-gyeol is unaware that Eun-chan is a woman, he starts to question his sexuality and is thrown into turmoil.
Many of the scenes filmed on location in Seoul are as follows:
In 2011, the Hongdae area and the coffee shop were featured in a National Geographic Channel-produced documentary on the Korean Wave titled Seoul's Got Soul.
Source: TNS Media Korea
In 2012, the TV series was remade in Thailand and the Philippines (for the latter, see Coffee Prince (2012 TV series)).
In 2017, the Malaysian remake of Coffee Prince directed by Michael Ang was aired on Astro Ria.
In 2018, a Chinese remake of the series titled Prince Coffee Lab, directed by Kang Shin-hyo of The Heirs, was aired.
Mega MGC Coffee

Mega MGC Coffee (Korean: 메가 MGC 커피) is a coffee shop chain in South Korea.
Founded in 2015 and operated as a franchise, it has gained popularity, especially among students and young people, due to its affordable prices. The brand uses soccer player Son Heung-min and idol group ITZY as its promotional models.
In May 2024, it became the first low-cost coffee chain in Korea to surpass 3,000 stores, making it the second-largest coffee shop chain in Korea by number of stores. That same month, Mega Coffee opened its first overseas store in Mongolia and is considering expansion into Asia and the United States.
In July 2024, it collaborated with the Chinese company miHoYo and their game, Genshin Impact, releasing a menu and merchandise inspired by the character The Wanderer. Within 15 days of launching the collaboration, approximately 600,000 items were sold, and membership registration in the ordering app increased fivefold compared to the previous month.
In addition to selling beverages, Mega MGC Coffee also engages in entertainment ventures, such as hosting concerts in collaboration with external companies and supporting drama productions.
In addition to coffee like Americano, the shop sells several dozen varieties of iced and hot drinks, including latte, ade, and decaf coffee. Seasonal and collaboration-limited menus are also available. Besides beverages, the shop sells desserts such as shaved ice, bread, and cakes, as well as related products like instant coffee and water bottles.
Doutor Coffee

Doutor Coffee (株式会社ドトールコーヒー) is a Japanese retail company that specializes in coffee roasting and coffee shop franchising. It was founded by Toriba Hiromichi.
The company currently has over 900 locations in Japan, has begun expansion in Taiwan and most recently, in Malaysia and Singapore. It is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Doutor Coffee has over 1,200 outlets altogether.
Doutor Coffee is described by Bloomberg as appealing to "Old Japan" with its low prices and smoker-friendly environment compared to its competitor Starbucks.
Doutor Coffee opened the first European styled café in Harajuku, Japan on 18 April 1980. The size of the small shop was only nine square meters. Despite the small size and local competition, the Doutor Coffee shop succeeded and has expanded to the company that it is now.
Doutor Coffee opened its own coffee plantation in 1991, in Kona District, Hawaii. It opened a second plantation in 1995. It opened a more casual coffeehouse chain, Excelsior Caffé, in 1999.
As of 2002 financial year, Doutor Coffee had 1,222 stores.
Roasting coffee using hot air is a commonly used method by most roasting plants, but Doutor says it "takes away the original flavor of the coffee" and explored other ways to roast the coffee. They found open flame roasting their preferred method and ended up embarking on researching and developing its own industrial open flame roaster to roast its coffee.
% Arabica

% Arabica, also known as % ΔRΔBICΔ, is an international Japanese specialty coffee chain brand based in Kyoto, Japan.
The company's international flagship and headquarters are also located in Kyoto. Its first location opened in Hong Kong in 2013 and as of March 2025, has grown to 221 locations globally.
The coffee brand was founded by Kenneth Shoji. After the Tōhoku earthquake destroyed his house in Fukushima Prefecture in 2011, he moved to Hong Kong. After moving, he decided to start a coffee business so he traveled to Hawaii and purchased a coffee farm. In 2013, Shoji opened the first % Arabica café in Hong Kong. In 2014, the worldwide flagship store in the Kyoto’s historic Higashiyama district was opened. The store's location also serves as the company's global headquarters location.
% Arabica was described as "Japan's cult-favorite hit coffee shop" by Eater.
In 2022, during The London Coffee Festival, % Arabica won the “Most Notable New Cafe” award in the UK Coffee Awards 2022.
The coffee brand is known for using its custom-made espresso machines, manufactured in Seattle, that provide baristas with more control while creating craft drinks.
% Arabica's stores focus on having a clean, minimalist style fitting the Japanese design principles of simple beauty while having local design elements inspired by the countries in which they are based. Founder Kenneth has collaborated with several architects and design studios such as B.L.U.E. Architecture, ciguë, Nendo, Precht, and Puddle.
As of March 2025, the chain has 221 stores worldwide. Countries served include the United States, Canada, Indonesia, Qatar, China, the United Kingdom, Bahrain, Malaysia, Morocco, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Japan, France, Singapore, Cambodia, Philippines, Thailand, Oman and Macau. % Arabica's largest international presence is in mainland China, where it operates 90 stores.
% Arabica expanded to Thailand in June 2020, opening a 250m store in Bangkok's Iconsiam center which was described as the city's most popular specialty coffee cafe. At the time, it was the brand's 48th global outpost.
The first U.S. cafe opened in Dumbo, Brooklyn on June 11, 2021. Most locations of % Arabica are franchise operations, however, the three locations in Kyoto are corporate managed.
In August 2022, % Arabica opened its first store in Taiwan located at the foot of Taipei Elephant Mountain and the first Bali store at Kuta Beachwalk Mall. It is the first % Arabica store to forgo the usage of plastic cups, a standard that all % Arabica stores to follow in the future. The stores were quickly followed by the first location in South Korea, opening in Seoul's Gangnam district in September 2022. The store marked % Arabica's 113th global location.
List of 2 Days & 1 Night episodes

The following is a list of episodes of the South Korean reality-variety show 2 Days & 1 Night, a segment of Happy Sunday, broadcast on the KBS2 every Sunday at 6:25pm KST. The show began airing in HD on May 23, 2010. Episodes are aired with English subtitles not only in episode reruns, but also episodes uploaded on KBS World's official YouTube channel.
There were 232 episodes aired during Season 1, which ended on February 25, 2012. Season 2 began airing on March 4, 2012, ended on December 15, 2013, and had 89 episodes. Season 3 began airing on December 22, 2013, ended on March 10, 2019, and had 257 episodes. Season 4 began airing on December 8, 2019, and currently has aired 267 episodes.
Note: The episode numbers indicated below are reckoned from when this segment was revamped as 2 Days & 1 Night, and do not take the first 12 episodes of its predecessor, Are You Ready, into consideration.
In the ratings below, the highest rating for the show will be in red, and the lowest rating for the show will be in blue each season.
Ethiopian horses

Ethiopian horses are those breeds or types of horse found in Ethiopia, formerly known as Abyssinia. There are about 2.8 million horses in Ethiopia, more than half the total in the African continent. In 2016 Ethiopia reported only the Abyssinian breed to DAD-IS. In 2012 the horses of Ethiopia were characterised into eight distinct breeds or types with different regional distributions, including a gravely-endangered feral population, the Kundudo; in 2025 these eight were reported to DAD-IS as recognised breeds.
Horses from Ethiopia, formerly known as Abyssinia, were in the past described as a single type, the "Abyssinian Horse" or "Ethiopian Horse", of variable size, colour and conformation. In 1997 two distinct types, the Oromo and Dongola, were described. Morphological research published in 2012 characterised eight distinct breeds or types with different regional distributions.
In 2007 no population data was available to the FAO, and no assessment of conservation status was made.
Eight distinct breeds or regional types of horse are found in Ethiopia.
The Abyssinian type or breed is found mostly in the northern part of Ethiopia, particularly in the Semien Mountains in the area of Gondar, in the Amhara Region. It is poorly conformed, sway-backed and heavy in the belly. It is much used in agricultural work.
The Bale breed or type has poor conformation, with a heavy belly and sway back. It is found in highland areas of the Bale Zone of the Oromia Region, in the southern part of the country.
The Borana is a lowland breed kept by the pastoral Borana Oromo people, particularly in the area of the city of Megga in southern Ethiopia. It is of good conformation, is always bay, and is not used for draught work.
The Horro or Horo breed is a poorly-conformed agricultural horse from the Horo area of western Oromia Region, in the west of Ethiopia.
The Kafa is a well-conformed and robust breed from the rain-forests of Sheka and Keffa zones of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region.
The Kundudo is a gravely-endangered population of feral horses, of unknown origin, from the area of the Kundudo plateau near the city of Harar, in the Misraq Hararghe zone of Oromia.
The Somali, Ogaden or Wilwal is a well-conformed breed from the Somali Region of Ethiopia (the traditional Ogaden), and is concentrated in the area of the city of Jijiga.
The Selale or Oromo is a good breed of riding horse from the Selale or Shewa areas of central Ethiopia.
Ethiopia is one of the poorest countries in the world. About three-quarters of all farms are more than one and a half days' walk from an all-weather road. Horses, mules and donkeys are essential to transport and horses are extensively used for transport, traction and agricultural work such as ploughing. Some breeds, in some areas, are used mainly for riding.
List of Burmese dishes

The following is a list of dishes found in Burmese cuisine. Burmese cuisine includes dishes from various regions of Burma (now officially known as Myanmar). The diversity of Myanmar's cuisine has also been contributed to by the myriad of local ethnic minorities. The Bamars are the most dominant group, but other groups including the Chin people also have distinct cuisines. Burmese cuisine is characterized by extensive use of fish products like fish sauce and ngapi (fermented seafood). Owing to the geographic location of Myanmar, Burmese cuisine has been influenced by Chinese cuisine, Indian cuisine and Thai cuisine.
Parched grain

Parched grain is grain that has been cooked by dry roasting. It is an ancient foodstuff and is thought to be one of the earliest ways in which the hunter gatherers in the Fertile Crescent ate grains. Historically, it was a common food in the Middle East, as attested by the following Bible quotes:
It is known in Hebrew as קָלִי (qālî). The grain has the same length of the normal grain, although somewhat thinner and darker with a green shade. It is served as a casserole hot dish, cooked with morsels of meat or poultry.
A variety of parched grains have been used historically as a camp ration, both for military troops on maneuvers and civilian travelers on extended overland journeys. Because parching both cooked the grains, and removed most of the water content, it was useful as a way to have pre-cooked meals which could be stored or carried for extended periods, and weighed the same or slightly less than the uncooked grains. It also had the advantage that it could be eaten without re-heating it, either dry or by soaking in water, and so would both reduce cooking time in the field and allow troops to travel without any campfires at all if needed.
In particular, parched rice was widely used in South and East Asia for troops well into the 20th century, including by the Imperial Japanese Army during the Sino-Japanese Wars and World War II. It was a primary staple of the People's Liberation Army of China during the Long March as well, being one of the few items they were able to carry a significant supply of while on the move.
Early European accounts of Native Americans record 'parched corn' as one of the many ways the Iroquoian peoples cooked maize. It was prepared by first scorching the corn and then pounding it to a fine meal. It was used in various recipes, but especially as emergency rations for travellers, usually eaten a spoonful at a time with a drink of water. According to Robert Beverley Jr. a local name for this food in Virginia was 'Rockahomonie'.
During the U.S. Civil War parched maize was used both as a grain itself and as a way to carry maize for grinding into cornmeal.
George Peake (inventor)

George Peake (c. 1722 – 1827) was an African American inventor who invented a hand mill for grinding grain.
Peake was born in Maryland in about 1722, lived in Pennsylvania, and later, in 1809, settled in the area that became Cleveland, Ohio. Peake bought a farm on the settlement's outskirts. He may have been the city's first African American resident. He reportedly fought with the British in the French and Indian War before deserting.
Peake married a woman from Maryland and had four sons, two of whom came with him to Cleveland and two more that followed later. Joseph Peake, a notable Cleveland farmer, was his son.
Peake invented a hand mill for grinding grain and corn. His mill was found to be easier to use than a mortar and pestle.
Asenav

Asenav (acrónimo de Astilleros y Servicios Navales S.A.) es un astillero privado chileno fundado en la ciudad de Valdivia, Región de Los Ríos, Chile, en el año 1974 por el inmigrante alemán Eberhard Kossmann Bartels, arquitecto naval e ingeniero mecánico.​ Su centro administrativo se ubica en la comuna de Las Condes, Santiago y el astillero se encuentra en Valdivia, en la ribera del río Calle-Calle.
Eberhard Kossmann en el año 1962, a sus 26 años de edad cruzó ilegalmente desde Alemania Oriental hacia Alemania Occidental, para posteriormente huir con rumbo a Sudamérica, específicamente a Perú donde en ese entonces residía uno de sus hermanos. En el año 1964 llegó a Chile, lugar donde conoció a su esposa Christa Perl y consiguió la representación de empresas alemanas en el rubro de la maquinaria. A principios de la década de 1970, Eberhard trabajó como ingeniero en jefe de algunos astilleros en Valdivia y en 1972 se le encargó la construcción de la barcaza "La Pincoya", por parte de la Corporación de Fomento de la Producción (Corfo).​ Dos años más tarde, se aventuró a lanzar su propia empresa, cimentando lo que había comenzado con cinco empleados trabajando en un pequeño galpón de madera de eucalipto hace tan solo dos años atrás.​
El astillero se ubica a 15 km de la Bahía de Corral, en la ribera del río Calle-Calle, y cuenta con alrededor de 470 trabajadores de planta y 128.000 m² de extensión,​ dedicados tanto a la construcción y reparación de embarcaciones como al servicio de Boat Parking. Cuenta con tres plantas de producción en las cuales Asenav ha construido variados tipos de embarcaciones, tales como transbordadores, remolcadores, barcos turísticos, barcos pesqueros, entre otros.
Asenav cuenta con un syncrolift para carenar, reparar y transformar embarcaciones de hasta 1.200 toneladas de desplazamiento, 75 m de eslora y 19 m de manga. Las embarcaciones después de ser elevadas verticalmente con el Shiplift, son trasladadas transversalmente a una estación de trabajo mediante doce bojes con una capacidad de levante de 125 toneladas cada uno. Estas instalaciones están equipadas para llevar a cabo tratamientos con zinc, aluminio y acero inoxidable de superficies metálicas, mantención de equipos de propulsión, mantención de equipos óleo-hidráulicos, transformaciones estructurales y de interior, alargamiento de eslora, entre otros.​
Empresas Cruz del Sur

Empresas Cruz del Sur es la quinta empresa de transporte terrestre en Chile. Opera en el transporte de carga y pasajeros.
Transportes Cruz del Sur Ltda. se creó el 22 de noviembre de 1958, por obra de Juan Almonacid Soto (†) y Mario Marchant Binder (†). Ellos se propusieron unir la Isla Grande de Chiloé con el continente, estableciendo un servicio de buses entre Puerto Montt y Ancud de aproximadamente 8 horas de duración con dos máquinas Ford y realizando la travesía del Canal de Chacao sobre una pequeña embarcación a vela, pero para hacerlo debieron superar las adversidades climáticas propias de la zona. Este servicio tuvo buen recibimiento entre los usuarios. En 1972 se extendió el servicio hasta la ciudad de Quellón, y en 1975 se inauguró un nuevo servicio desde Castro a Temuco y en 1978 el servicio de Castro a Santiago.
En 1983 se modificó la sociedad y Juan Almonacid, junto a su familia, se hizo cargo de la empresa.
En la primavera de 1980 se creó la empresa Naviera Cruz del Sur Ltda. entrando en funcionamiento el primer transbordador (llamado "Cruz del Sur"), para cubrir la travesía del canal de Chacao trasladando vehículos y pasajeros desde Pargua a Chacao y viceversa. En el año 2006 posee dos transbordadores más: "Gobernador Figueroa", "Don Juan", Bertina y "cruz del sur II`" con los cuales pueden brindar una atención más rápida.
Con el paso del tiempo, Cruz del Sur ha incluido más recorridos nacionales: Santiago, Concepción, Temuco, Loncoche, Lanco, Valdivia, Osorno, Puerto Varas, Puerto Montt, Ancud, Castro, Quellón y Punta Arenas, además de la ruta internacional a San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.
Transportes Cruz del Sur Ltda. complementa el servicio de traslado de pasajeros con el servicio de transporte de cargas y encomiendas, para lo cual cuenta con camiones que pueden trasladar cargas refrigeradas y encomiendas en general.
En la actualidad cuenta con más de 310 buses y con más de 30 camiones que velan por el traslado de su carga a las distintas ciudades del sur de Chile, además de una cantidad importante de vehículos menores para el retiro y reparto de encomiendas y carga en general.
Debido a la dura competencia y a las consecuencias económicas por el Covid-19, el servicio de buses ha experimentado una significativa reducción de los destinos, especialmente en lo que respecta a los horarios de salidas. A la fecha del 2024, solo están disponibles los destinos hacia las ciudades de Santiago, Temuco, Valdivia, Osorno, Puerto Varas, Puerto Montt, Ancud, Castro y Quellón,​
Las filiales de Cruz del Sur son:
Red Universitaria Cruz del Sur

La Red Universitaria Cruz del Sur (RUCS) es una red universitaria creada el 30 de marzo de 2009 que está integrada por las siguientes universidades privadas chilenas:
Estas cinco universidades reciben aportes estatales, se encuentran institucionalmente acreditadas por la Comisión Nacional de Acreditación​ y forman parte del Consejo de Rectores de las Universidades Chilenas.​ En el año 2013 es creada la Red Universitaria G9, esta corporación tiene como propósito dar continuidad al trabajo realizado por la Red Universitaria Cruz del Sur.​
Esta red tiene como ejes estratégicos la equidad, los programas de estudio, el financiamiento, la institucionalidad, las políticas públicas, la internacionalización, la ciencia, tecnología e innovación además de las comunicaciones.
Al año 2012, cuenta con un total de 8909 académicos, 91 193 estudiantes (83 640 son de pregrado y 7553, de postgrado) y 82 programas de doctorado.​ Además, posee el 43 % del total de publicaciones indexadas Scopus y el 53 % del total nacional de graduados con doctorado.​
Luis de la Cruz

Luis de la Cruz y Goyeneche (Concepción, 25 de agosto de 1768 - Santiago, 1828), fue un político, militar y explorador chileno.
Su padre, Pablo De la Cruz, había nacido en Villa de Tabernas (España) en 1714 y era militar de profesión, el que llegó a Chile en 1740 y luego de una dilatada carrera muere en Concepción en 1794; y su madre era Antonia de Goyeneche y Lope de Lara, fue miembro de una numerosa familia integrada, además, por otros seis hermanos: José, Pablo, Mariana, Manuela, Antonia y Nieves De la Cruz Goyeneche.
Se casó con Josefa Prieto Espinosa, con quien tuvo cinco hijos, uno de los cuales, José María de la Cruz Prieto, llevaría adelante una importante carrera política y militar, y a través de Él es el abuelo de Delfina de la Cruz, futura primera dama de Chile.
En 1792 fue procurador de Concepción y, cuatro años más tarde alcalde de la misma ciudad. En 1791, se había integrado al ejército español con el grado de teniente de caballería de la milicia de Concepción.
Siendo alcalde de Concepción realizó una célebre exploración en 1806 para hallar un camino más directo entre Concepción y Buenos Aires. Para tal efecto fue acompañado de Justo Molina quien había concretado el año anterior un viaje similar en sentido opuesto. De la Cruz con un pequeño grupo de españoles e indios pehuenches, al que se agregaron luego indios ranqueles, partió del Fuerte Ballenar (cerca de Antuco, Chile), cruzó la cordillera de los Andes por el paso Pichachén, para atravesar luego el norte de la actual provincia argentina de Neuquén, el sur de Mendoza, toda La Pampa, noroeste de Buenos Aires y Sur de Santa Fe, arribando finalmente a Melincué.
En su carrera militar fue alcanzando relevancia en la lucha por la independencia de Chile. En 1811 fue elegido diputado para el primer Congreso nacional y en 1814 supo del del cautiverio en diversas cárceles (Chillán, Callao, Valparaíso, Isla de Juan Fernández). En 1817, recobró la libertad, luego de la victoria del General San Martín en la Batalla de Chacabuco. Fue hombre de confianza de Bernardo O'Higgins y miembro de Junta Suprema Delegada, reemplazándolo por algún tiempo en 1817 y 1818 como jefe supremo interino de la República.​ Durante este período se produjo la proclamación de la Independencia de Chile.
El 23 de febrero de 1818 una asamblea popular decidió que Goyeneche compartiese el poder con Manuel Rodríguez Erdoiza. Rodríguez planeaba un levantamiento popular para hacerse con el poder por lo que Goyeneche pidió ayuda a O'Higgins, el cual se hizo cargo del poder.
Con O'Higgins en el poder, Goyeneche fue nombrado gobernador de Talca; en 1821 fue enviado a Perú para concluir las operaciones militares de la Expedición Libertadora del Perú. Sus acciones militares le valieron el ascenso a general el 25 de marzo de 1822.
Su muerte se produce en Santiago de Chile hacia octubre de 1828, cuando contaba con 60 años de edad. Descansa en el Cementerio General de dicha ciudad.
Isla San Pedro (Chiloé)

La isla San Pedro es una de las islas del archipiélago de Chiloé, parte de la comuna de Quellón. Está situada frente a la orilla sur-oriental de la Isla Grande de Chiloé y su punto más alto, unos 960 m s. n. m., es la mayor elevación del archipiélago.
La primera captura de un zorro chilote por parte de un científico ocurrió en la isla en 1834, cuando Charles Darwin mató de un martillazo a uno que se le acercó. En esa instancia, el científico intenta alcanzar la cima de la isla sin éxito el 6 de diciembre de 1834. El motivo, describe los bosques de la isla como «impenetrables». Además, durante su estancia logra establecer contacto con grupos mapuches dedicados a la tala del Alerce. Gracias a estos, Darwin logra adentrarse en zona de renoval denso donde encontraría un bosque de alerces (Fitzroya cupressoides), árboles establecidos no solo como los más altos de Sudamérica, sino que también los más longevos con ejemplares que llegarían a los tres mil años de edad.​
Entre 1909 y 1913 se instaló en la isla una pequeña estación ballenera con la ayuda de vapores cazadores y buques factoría​ que pertenecían a la compañía noruega A/S Pacific. La planta poseía una decena de edificios y las capturas se realizaban con barcos de la compañía, que cazaban ballenas azules, ballenas de aleta y ballenas jorobadas, entre otras especies. En 1913 se cerró porque los resultados no eran satisfactorios y en 1917 las instalaciones fueron compradas y desmontadas por la Sociedad Ballenera de Corral.​ A pesar de esto, en la primera temporada lograron cazar entre 1909 y 1910 treinta y siete ballenas, entre ellas treinta y dos ballenas azules, cuatro ballenas de aleta y una jorobada.​
El sur de Chiloé y en este caso la Isla San Pedro, presentan una cantidad sustancial de delfines nariz de botella, sin embargo estudios recientes sugieren que estas poblaciones se han visto desplazadas de sus hábitats naturales en el último tiempo debido principalmente a la actividad de granjas de mariscos en la zona.​ En los últimos tiempos ha surgido el interés en la posibilidad de realizar ecoturismo en ella, por su potencial como lugar de observación a ballenas azules, de manera semejante a lo que se hace en las pingüineras de Puñihuil.
La isla era una propiedad fiscal chilena hasta que, a principios de la década de 2000, pasó a ser propiedad del empresario forestal estadounidense Jeremiah Henderson, luego de que el gobierno chileno la permutara por un terreno de la Isla Grande que era reclamado por una comunidad huilliche de Piedra Blanca en Quellón.​ Posteriormente, Henderson tuvo intención de venderla mediante una subasta que finalmente no se realizó.​​​
Provincia de Chiloé

La provincia de Chiloé es una provincia de Chile formada por casi la totalidad del archipiélago de Chiloé, que está compuesto por la isla Grande de Chiloé y una serie de otras más pequeñas (más de cuarenta en total), con una extensión de 9181 km². Está situada en la región de Los Lagos y su capital es la ciudad de Castro.
La provincia está constituida por 10 comunas:
Durante los años 1970, con el proceso de regionalización, se crea la región de Los Lagos, con las provincias de Chiloé (a partir de la antigua provincia de Chiloé), Llanquihue, Osorno, Palena y Valdivia. La región es regida por un intendente, y la provincia es regida por un gobernador. Se reforma el nivel provincial y el nivel comunal. Se suprimen los departamentos y distritos (estos últimos actualmente se utilizan por el INE como distritos censales para efectos de los Censos).
En 1972 se presentó por primera vez una ley en referencia al proyecto de construcción de un puente que permitiera unir la Isla Grande con el territorio continental,​ idea promovida por el entonces diputado por la zona Félix Garay .​ La idea de la construcción de este viaducto solo comenzaría a concretarse durante el gobierno de Ricardo Lagos el que lanzó el proyecto como parte de las obras para celebrar el Bicentenario del país. Sin embargo, durante 2006, el proyecto del Puente Bicentenario fue cancelado luego que el costo estimado superara con creces lo presupuestado inicialmente. El día 21 de mayo de 2012, el presidente Sebastián Piñera anunció la construcción del puente con un costo máximo de 762 millones de dólares.
Al crearse la provincia de Chiloé en 1826, se designó como su primer gobernador al coronel José Santiago Aldunate, quien fue destituido durante una revolución ese mismo año y, una vez sofocada, volvió a su puesto. Los gobernadores provinciales de Chile eran cargos designados por el presidente de la República.
Nuevo cargo que reemplaza la figura de Gobernador provincial.
En 2018, la cantidad de empresas registradas en la provincia de Chiloé fue de 3.153. El Índice de Complejidad Económica (ECI) en el mismo año fue de 0,07, mientras que las actividades económicas con mayor índice de Ventaja Comparativa Revelada (RCA) fueron Reproducción y Cría de Moluscos y Crustáceos (232,82), Transporte de Carga por Vías de Navegación Interiores (221,31) y Reparación de Instrumentos de Óptica y Equipo Fotográficos (101,97).​
Las principales ciudades y pueblos son:
Este archipiélago se caracteriza por su arquitectura en madera. Destacables son sus viviendas en tierra y palafitos, edificios públicos e iglesias.
Este conjunto de islas fue el último bastión de la resistencia realista durante el proceso de independencia de Chile, pudiéndose hallar aún construcciones de la época colonial, como el fuerte San Antonio, levantado en piedra el año 1770 en Ancud.
Otros lugares de interés turístico son el parque nacional Chiloé, el Fuerte Agüi, Cucao, el Fortín de Tauco.
Pionero (ferry)

Pionero, es un ferry chileno. Construido en 2002 en Valparaíso, es operado por la empresa Transbordadora Austral Broom SA. y se utiliza para conectar el Estrecho de Magallanes entre Punta Delgada y Punta Espora en la Primera Angostura, uniendo el continente con la isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. Pesa unas 605 toneladas.​​
Punta Delgada (Chile)

Punta Delgada es una pequeña localidad en el extremo sur de Chile, cerca de la frontera con Argentina en Monte Aymond, en la Ruta CH-255 entre Punta Arenas y Río Gallegos. Es el principal asentamiento y capital de la comuna de San Gregorio en la provincia de Magallanes. Se encuentra en las coordenadas 52°18′57″S 69°41′28″O﻿ / ﻿-52.31583, -69.69111.
Muy cerca del poblado se encuentra una terminal de ferry en la Primera Angostura, desde donde se cruza el estrecho de Magallanes hacia la isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego a bordo del Pionero. El Parque Nacional Pali Aike se encuentra 18 km al norte de la ciudad.​
Joël Calmettes

Joël Calmettes (11 de abril de 1960) es autor y realizador francés de films documentales.
Junto a Erik Orsenna, en el año 2003 Joël Calmettes creó Chiloé Productions, una sociedad de producción de films documentales.
En 2008 y con Gérard Garouste, escribió y puso en escena Le Classique et l'Indien, una obra de teatro que se realizó en el Théâtre du Rond-Point.​​​​​
1987

1987 (MCMLXXXVII) fue un año común comenzado en jueves en el calendario gregoriano. Fue el año del Conejo en el horóscopo chino. Fue declarado Año Internacional de la Vivienda para las Personas sin Hogar por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas.​
Fue el último año en tener todos sus cuatro dígitos diferentes, hasta 2013.
* En septiembre de 1987, Carson hizo historia siendo el cirujano principal del equipo de setenta personas que realizó exitosamente, tras 22 horas, el complejo procedimiento de separar a dos gemelos siameses alemanes que estaban unidos por la parte posterior de la cabeza. Las operaciones de este tipo siempre habían fracasado, resultando en la muerte de uno o ambos bebés.
Conexión a través del Strelasund

Conexión a través del Strelasund (del alemán: Strelasundquerung) es el nombre dado a los dos puentes que conectan la isla de Rügen a través del estrecho de Strela con Pomerania Anterior cerca de Stralsund, Rügenbrücke (puente de Rügen) y Rügendamm (terraplén o calzada de Rügen), así como los servicios regulares de transbordadores entre Stralsund y Altefähr y entre Stahlbrode y Glewitz.
Hasta 1936, acceder a la isla de Rügen desde el continente sólo era posible mediante el uso de los transbordadores entre Stralsund y Altefähr (el nombre de la localidad significa transbordador viejo) y entre Stahlbrode y Glewitz. En 1936-1937 se construyó el terraplén de Rügen con una carretera de dos carriles, un camino peatonal, un carril de bicicletas y una línea de ferrocarril de vía única.​
El puente de Rügen (Rügenbrücke) es un puente que pertenece a la conexión por carretera y ferrocarril conocida como Rügendamm y une la Alemania continental con la isla de Rügen, la mayor isla del país, situada en el mar Báltico.
La construcción fue iniciada en 2004, siendo inaugurado el 20 de octubre de 2007 por la canciller Angela Merkel. Tiene una longitud de 2831 m y la pilona central llega a una altura de 120 m.
Asenav

Asenav (Astilleros y Servicios Navales) is a Chilean ship building company, based in Santiago with its main shipyards located in southern Chile in the middle of the city of Valdivia, some 15 km (9.3 mi) from the Bay of Corral at the Pacific coast. The company was established in 1974 by the German immigrant Eberhard Kossmann.
Ships built by Asenav:
2016 Chiloé earthquake

The 2016 Chiloé earthquake with a magnitude of Mww 7.6 struck 225 kilometres (140 mi) south-west of Puerto Montt in southern Chile at 11:22 local time, 25 December. The earthquake triggered a tsunami warning on coasts located up to 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) from the quake's epicentre, generating massive evacuation across the Greater Chiloé Island, after advice from the Chilean government. Although there was damage in some parts of the island, the government reported no casualties.
The earthquake occurred as a result of shallow thrust faulting in southern Chile. At the location of the earthquake, the oceanic Nazca plate converges with and subducts beneath the South America plate in an east-northeast direction, at a rate of approximately 73 mm/yr. The location, depth and shallow thrusting focal mechanism solution all indicate this earthquake likely occurred on the subduction zone interface.
A tsunami with a maximum height of 0.44 m (1.4 ft) was observed on Chiloé Island.
Churches of Chiloé

The Churches of Chiloé in Chile's Chiloé Archipelago are a unique architectural phenomenon in the Americas and one of the most prominent styles of Chilotan architecture. Unlike classical Spanish colonial architecture, the churches of Chiloé are made entirely in native timber with extensive use of wood shingles. The churches were built from materials to resist the Chiloé Archipelago's humid and rainy oceanic climate.
Built in the 18th and 19th centuries when Chiloé Archipelago was still a part of the Spanish Crown possessions, the churches represent the fusion of Spanish Jesuit culture and local native population's skill and traditions; an excellent example of mestizo culture.
The Churches of Chiloé were designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2000. The University of Chile, Fundación Cultural Iglesias de Chiloé and other institutions have led efforts to preserve these historic structures and to publicize them for their unique qualities.
The sixteen churches registered as part of the World Heritage Site are concentrated in the central eastern zone of the archipelago.
List of islands of Chile

This is a list of islands of Chile, as listed by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Country Files (GNS). The country has 43,471 islands, according to the Chilean Ministry of National Assets and the Chilean Military Geographical Institute, in the last update in 2019.
This list only includes the generic, inverted full name. The complete term used to identify a named feature is known as the full name. As stored in the database, the entire name is output as "Desertores, Islas" rather than reading "Islas Desertores."
The feature's latitude and longitude is expressed in decimal degrees.
A geographically named feature is uniquely identified by a Unique Feature Identifier (UFI), which is a number. A similar UFI denotes a similar feature.
Chilean claims in the Antarctic are not included on this list. see also the list of islands in the Antarctic and subantarctic.
The general terms "isla", "isla de/los/las", "islote", "islita", "isleta", "island," "islet," "islets," "rocks," "islas," "islotes," "islas de," "Archipiélago," and "Grupo" are used to name the items in NGA.
For more information about the island search in GeoNames Search, using the Unique Feature Id (UFI) in the "Advanced Search" Form.
The following Chilean islands are not listed by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency:
Elizabeth Island (Cape Horn), Podesta (island), Pactolus Bank or other phantom islands are not listed. Gable Island is listed by NGA as a Chilean Island, but it is Argentine.
Quinchao Island

Quinchao Island is an island in Chiloé Province, Chile, off the east coast of Chiloé Island. It includes the communes of Quinchao and Curaco de Vélez. Main towns are Achao and Curaco de Vélez. Quinchao Island is separated from Chiloé Island by Dalcahue Channel in the northwest of the island. Both islands are part of the Chiloé Archipelago. Quinchao is the third largest island of the archipelago.
Desertores Islands

Desertores Islands are a group of islands in the Sea of Chiloé, between Chiloé Island and the mainland of Chile. They are the easternmost islands of the Chiloé Archipelago. They are administered as part of the Chaitén commune, in the Palena Province, unlike the rest of the Archipelago, which forms Chiloé Province. Talcan, the biggest and easternmost of the Desertores Islands, is just six km from the mainland.
The six main islands are Auten, Chuit, Chulin, Imerquiña, Nayahue and Talcan. There are several smaller islands, including Silla del Diablo, which lies halfway between Chulin and the mainland.
Chilotan architecture

Chilotan architecture is a unique architectural style that is mainly restricted to the Chiloé Archipelago, and neighboring areas of southern Chile. This style shows the blending of European styles with indigenous building methods and material. Catholic churches built here show the most significant representation of this style, with 16 being designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
The Chiloé Archipelago, a group of islands off the West coast of Chile, has a unique colonial architecture that differs substantially from typical Chilean Spanish colonial architecture. These differences are due to both the physical isolation of these islands and their access to different materials, mostly wood.
Spanish colonists arrived in the 16th century and were followed by Jesuit missionaries in the 17th century. The combination of indigenous culture and Jesuit influences lead to a mestizo culture and a unique architecture.
The activities of the Jesuits resulted in the building of 150+ wooden Catholic churches and other religious buildings as a part of the Indian Reductions mandated by the Crown for Spanish colonization of the Americas, 60 of which remain today.
Typical elements of Catholic churches, basilica layout, vaulted ceilings, symmetrical tower facades, and arched entrances, are presented in these churches but without the recognizable material stone. Instead, locals built these churches entirely out of wood, using ship-building techniques. Even fasteners and other typically metal connections were made with wood. These churches were mostly placed along the coastline to serve as navigational aids for sailors.
Wood is the main building material in all Chilotan architecture and many different species are used for different reasons. Cypress, mañio, ulmo, plum, coigue, and larch, or fitzroya wood are the most commonly used. Ulmo wood is primarily used for structural elements and fitzroya was often used for shingles due to its good properties to resist moisture and other environmental factors. Used in both churches and houses, it became a very recognizable material for its rich color. The roof shingles of fitzroya came to be used as money and called Real de Alerce.
Palafitos, or stilt houses are a staple in Chiloe. These houses typically consist of a base of stilts or piles, with a gable roof and a central kitchen to help heat the entire home. The reason for these houses being built into the water was to accommodate fishing, a large part of Chilotan culture. This style is observed in other parts of the world, however, the longevity of these houses is notably higher in Chiloe, primarily due to the properties of the wood available in the area.
Lemuy Island

Lemuy Island is an island in Chiloé Archipelago, Chile, off the eastern coast of Chiloé Island.
There are nine villages on the island. On the north coast:
On the south coast:
On the east coast:
In the middle of the island:
As in the rest of the archipelago, the population of Lemuy Island were inspired by a deep religious faith and built 8 churches, each special in its own way. Some, like Ichuac, Aldachildo and Detif are more than 100 years old and have recently been declared World Heritage Sites, along with 15 other Chilote churches. Some have picturesque cemeteries with little shingled mausoleums.
Los Lagos Region

Los Lagos Region (Spanish: Región de Los Lagos pronounced [los ˈlaɣos], lit. 'Region of the Lakes') is one of Chile's 16 regions, which are first order administrative divisions, and comprises four provinces: Chiloé, Llanquihue, Osorno and Palena. The region contains the country's second-largest island, Chiloé, and the second-largest lake, Llanquihue. Its capital is Puerto Montt; other important cities include Osorno, Castro, Ancud, and Puerto Varas. Los Lagos Region is considered part of Patagonia.
Historically, the Huilliche have called this territory between Bueno River and Reloncaví Sound Futahuillimapu, meaning "great land of the south". The region hosts Monte Verde, one of the oldest archaeological sites of the Americas. The largest indigenous group of the region are the Huilliche who lived in the area before the arrival of the Spanish. The Spanish crown settled Chiloé Archipelago in 1567 while the rest of the region begun to be slowly colonized by non-indigenous people only in the late 18th century. In the 1850s Germans arrived to colonize the shores of Llanquihue Lake under a Chilean state-sponsored program.
Los Lagos Region economy is dominated by the service sector but based in fishing, salmon aquaculture, forestry and cattle farming. Tourism is economically important in The Andes where ski resorts, hot springs and recreational fishing are popular offers.
The region is bordered on the north by Los Ríos Region, on the south by Aisén Region, on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the east by Argentina (provinces of Neuquén, Río Negro and Chubut). Wild environments can be seen along the coastal area, such as Caleta Zorra.
The region has an area of 48,585 km (18,759 sq mi) and its population, according to the 2017 INE Census was 823,204, with a population density of 16.9 /km².
The Región de Los Lagos has seventeen towns according to the 2017 census, of which eleven have more than 10000 inhabitants each.
The region, in general, has a natural vegetation of Valdivian temperate rain forest. The coastal part, except for the south of the Chiloé Island, has a temperate climate with cold winter rain. To the south, the climate is characterized by constant rain and not having dry seasons.
Protected areas include 7 national parks, 2 private-owned parks and 2 natural monuments.
The region is the center of aquaculture in Chile.
El Tepual Airport lies a few miles west of Puerto Montt and Cañal Bajo Carlos Hott Siebert Airport a few miles east of Osorno. Also east of Osorno, the Cardenal Antonio Samoré Pass is a major mountain pass across the Andes to Argentina via Route 215.