davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
2008 Summer Paralympics torch relay

The torch relay for the 2008 Summer Paralympic Games was held between August 28 and September 6 in eleven cities, and also included the tomb of Yellow Emperor.
In 2007, the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games announced the torch relay route, composed of three parts:
In July 2008, the Beijing Games' Organizing Committee announced that the planned four international torch relay cities and four national cities for the Paralympic Games had been cancelled. The Committee stated that the relay was being cancelled to enable the Chinese government to "focus on the rescue and relief work" following the Sichuan earthquake.
Despite the officially stated reason for the cancellation, The Guardian attributed it to China's wish to avoid "a repeat of the protests" which had occurred in a number of cities around the world during the Olympics torch relay. Similarly, The Times wrote: "China has cancelled the international leg of the Paralympic torch relay, which was due to pass through London, in an apparent attempt to avoid similar protests to those that dogged the Olympic torch’s global tour." Reuters reported simply: "China, whose Beijing Olympic torch relay was dogged by protest overseas, on Wednesday cancelled the international leg of the Paralympic torch relay, giving the devastating Sichuan earthquake as the reason."
The relay started from Tiantan on August 28 and then divided to two parallel lines before coming together in Beijing:
Chinese athletes with disabilities carried the torch in Beijing National Stadium during the Games' Opening Ceremony. Jin Jing carried the torch into the stadium, before it was passed on to Paralympic gold medallists Wu Yunhu, Zhang Hongwei, Zhang Haidong, Sun Changting and Hou Bin. Hou then pulled himself up on a rope to the top of the stadium to light the Paralympic flame.
Qingdao International Sailing Centre

The Qingdao International Sailing Centre (simplified Chinese: 青岛奥林匹克帆船中心; traditional Chinese: 青島奧林匹克帆船中心; pinyin: Qīngdǎo Àolínpǐkè Fānchuán Zhōngxīn) is a sailing marina located on the former site of the Beihai Shipyard by Qingdao's Fushan Bay at Shandong Province in China. It was constructed for the 2008 Summer Olympics. It hosted the Olympic and Paralympic Sailing competitions. Wind conditions vary greatly from very light winds to +15 knots. During the Olympic competitions, fog was also an occasional factor.
The venue hosted “Good Luck Beijing - 2006" and in May 2008, the IFDS Qingdao International Regatta, where Olympic and Paralympic sailors got a headstart on familiarizing themselves with the venue and weather conditions.
Access from the Qingdao Paralympic Village to the dock, work areas, etc. was provided by numerous golf carts making endless daytime rounds. Both ends of the work area had two cranes apiece, which could lift large keelboats like the Sonar from cradles and lower these into the water. At night, a laser light show from the main breakwater lighthouse would play from early evening to midnight. Facing the Yellow Sea, the main breakwater with spectator seating, windmills, flags and lighthouse was also the viewing area for the sailing competitions when not on the spectator ferry. Across the bay, the famous May 4 monument and Qingdao's landmark seaside building are easily visible.
The Qingdao Olympic Sailing Center covers 45 hectares, comprising a 30 hectare competition area and 15 hectare area for development after the Games. The seven facilities, include the Qingdao Sub-Village, Athletes Center, Administrative Center, Venue Media Center, Logistics Center, Reception Center and Accreditation Center.
Ground was broken on May 25, 2004 and was completed in 2008.
In the 2-person keelboat event, all three of the medal-winning SKUD 18 teams were composed of one man and one woman. Maureen McKinnon-Tucker (United States), Rachael Cox (AUS) and Stacie Louttit (CAN) became the first three women to win Paralympic medals in sailing.
36°3′25″N 120°23′10″E﻿ / ﻿36.05694°N 120.38611°E﻿ / 36.05694; 120.38611
Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics

Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and possibly the cancelled 1916 Summer Olympics, sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule. The Sailing program of 2008 consisted of a total of nine sailing classes (eleven disciplines). Eleven races are scheduled for each event except for the 49er class, for which 16 races are scheduled from 9 August 2008 to 21 August 2008 of the coast of the Qingdao International Sailing Centre facing the Yellow Sea. Of the 11 (16) races, 10 (15) are scheduled as opening races and one as a medal race. The sailing was done on four different types of courses.
According to the IOC statutes the contests in all sport disciplines must be held either in, or as close as possible to the city which the IOC has chosen. Among others, an exception is made for the Olympic yachting events, which customarily must be staged on the open sea. On account of this principle, Qingdao was selected for the honor to carry out the Olympic yachting regattas. For that purpose the Qingdao International Sailing Centre was constructed.
A total of five race areas were set on the Yellow Sea of the coast of Qingdao. The location points to the center of the 0.6 nm radius circle for course area A & B and to a 0.75 nm radius circle for course area's C D and E.
Venues of the 2008 Summer Olympics

For the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, a total of thirty-seven venues were used. Events took place at eleven pre-existing venues, twelve new venues constructed for the Olympics, and eight temporary venues that were removed following the games. In addition, six venues outside Beijing hosted events, two of which were newly built for the Olympics.
Beijing won its bid to host the 2008 Olympics on 13 July 2001. The first new venues to begin construction were the Beijing National Stadium, Beijing National Aquatics Center, Beijing Shooting Range Hall, and the Laoshan Velodrome, where major work commenced in December 2003. By May 2007, construction had begun at all of the Beijing venues for the games. Approximately RMB¥13 billion (US$1.9 billion) was spent to build and renovate the venues.
Several venues were located at the Olympic Green Olympic Park. The largest venue at the games in terms of seating capacity was the Beijing National Stadium, also known as the Bird's Nest, which had a capacity of 91,000 at the time and was the site for the opening and closing ceremonies. The smallest venue in terms of seating capacity was the temporary Laoshan Mountain Bike Course, which had a capacity of 2,000.
^ ^ 1. Both the Urban Road Cycling Course and the Qingdao International Sailing Center did not have spectator seating, and therefore no capacities are listed in this table. Spectators for events held at these venues could observe events held in them from regular pedestrian areas such as sidewalks.
Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – 49er

The mixed 49er was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics program in Qingdao International Sailing Centre. Sixteen races (last one a medal race) were scheduled. Only thirteen races were completed including the medal race due to lack of wind. 38 sailors, on 19 boats, from 19 nations competed. Ten boats qualified for the medal race.
For the 49er course areas A (Yellow) and E (Red) were used. The location (36°1'26"’N, 120°26'52"E) points to the center of the 0.6nm radius Yellow course area and the location (36°2'21"N, 120°25'32"E) points to the center of the 0.6nm radius Red course area. The target time for the course was about 30 minutes for all races. The race management could choose from several lengths of the course configuration.
In the lead up to the Olympics many questioned the choice of Qingdao as a venue with very little predicted wind. During the races the wind was pretty light and quite unpredictable. Due to lack of wind (< 1.6 knots) one racing day had to be cancelled and the medal race needed to be postponed to the next day.
Scoring system: low-point system; Legend: – Qualified for medal race(s); BFD – Black flag disqualification; DNE – Non excludable disqualification; DNF – Did not finish; DPI – Discretionary penalty imposed; OCS – On the course side of the starting line; † – Discarded race not counted in the overall result;
The Danish team of Jonas Warrer and Martin Kirketerp Ibsen, who won the gold medal, almost failed to make it to the start of the Medal race, when their mast split shortly before the start. The Croatian team—who had not made the final race—donated their boat to the Danish team to use in the final, and the Danes subsequently went on to win Gold. The Spanish team filed a protest against the win due to the boat change, but the protest was dismissed and the race results stand. The protest was promoted to the International Olympic Committee but was again dismissed. A third protest was promoted by Italy and Spain to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), which was also dismissed.
Pavle Kostov, Petar Cupać and their coach Ivan Bulaja were awarded the International Fair Play Committee's Pierre de Coubertin World Trophy for lending their boat.
Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Tornado

The Mixed Tornado was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics program in Qingdao International Sailing Centre. Eleven races (last one a medal race) were scheduled and completed. 30 sailors, on 15 boats, from 15 nations competed. Ten boats qualified for the medal race.
For the Tornado course areas A (Yellow) and E (Pink) were used. The location (36°1'26"’N, 120°26'52"E) points to the center of the 0.6nm radius Yellow course area and the location (36°2'44"N, 120°28'9"E) points to the center of the 0.75nm radius Pink course area. The target time for the course was about 60 minutes for the races and 30 minutes for the medal race. The race management could choose from several course configurations.
In the lead up to the Olympics many questioned the choice of Qingdao as a venue with very little predicted wind. During the races the wind was pretty light and quite unpredictable. For the Tornado competition several races had to be postponed to the next day and the spare day had to be used.
Qingdao University

Qingdao University (abbreviation: QDU/QDU Med school; Chinese: 青岛大学) is a key provincial research university located in Qingdao, Shandong, China.
The university was first established in 1985. In 1993, the former Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Shandong Textile Engineering College, and Qingdao Normal College, merged to form the new Qingdao University. At present, QDU is one of the best comprehensive universities in Shandong Province, recognized as a member of the national "Excellent Engineer Education and Training Program."
With a strong profile in Medical Sciences, Textile and Design, Business, and liberal arts, QDU serves 35,000 full-time undergraduate students, 9,800 graduate students, and 1,600 international students.
In 1985, Qingdao University was established, with the educational goal of "high level distinctive university," and disciplines of arts, science, engineering, business and many other subjects. School construction and development were supported financially by the central government, and also academically supported by Nankai University, Tianjin University, University of Science and Technology of China, and Shandong University. In 1993, Qingdao University merged Shandong Textile Engineering Institute (山东纺织工学院), Qingdao Medical College (青岛医学院) and Qingdao Normal College (青岛师范专科学校).
Qingdao University consists of 25 faculties and departments as well as a graduate school. Courses are offered in 11 main Academic disciplines: Philosophy, Economics, Law, Literature, History, Natural sciences, Engineering, Management, Medicine, Education and Military sciences. There are 104 Undergraduate degree programs, 209 master's degree programs, 127 Doctoral degree programs, and 15 post-doctorate mobile stations. In addition, there are 7 professional master's degree programs in Law, Business Management, Engineering, Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Dentistry and Public Administration respectively.
In 2020:
Qingdao University is divided into 35 colleges and schools, besides a medical department.
These colleges and schools include:
Two hospitals belong to Qingdao University:
Qingdao University College of Medical Science is recognized by the World Health Organization and is listed in the World Directory of Medical Schools.
Seven hospitals are affiliated with the university.
Coastal City

Coastal City (Chinese: 海岸城; pinyin: Hǎi'àn Chéng; Jyutping: hoi2 ngon6 sing4) is a shopping and office complex in Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China. Located in the central business district of Nanshan, it occupies an entire city block bounded by Binhai, Nanhai, Houhai, Houhaibin and Chuangye Roads.
The complex consists of the Coastal City shopping arcade and two office buildings, namely the West (30 floors) and East (24 floors) towers. The podium of the two towers hosts numerous stores as well. The entire project stands on 6000m of reclaimed land, the largest of its kind in Nanshan.
Designed by the US architectural firm Callison, the mall opened in 2007 consisting five stories. It hosts the Coastal City Cinema, an ice rink, an AEON supermarket and several dozens of smaller Chinese and international shops and restaurants.
Buildings and facilities in its proximity include Heung Kong Tower, Tiley Fame City, Kempinski Shenzhen, Poly Cultural Center, Nanshan Book City, Haiya shopping mall and Shenzhen Bay Sports Center.
A bus station (Nanshan CBD station) is located directly in front of the main entrance, it serves as the terminus for bus numbers 121, 76, 80, 231, 305, 382, 353, 322, 337, J1, 229 and 72. The complex is also within walking distance from Houhai station on Shenzhen Metro.
List of cities in China by population

As of 2023, the five largest cities in China by population are Chongqing (31.91 million), Shanghai (24.87 million), Beijing (21.86 million), Chengdu (21.403 million) and Guangzhou (18.827 million). As of 2024, there are 18 megacities (cities with a population of over 10 million), including Chongqing, Shanghai, Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Wuhan, Tianjin, Xi'an, Suzhou, Zhengzhou, Hangzhou, Shijiazhuang, Linyi, Dongguan, Qingdao, Changsha and Hefei.
Among them, the total permanent population of Chongqing, Shanghai, Beijing and Chengdu is above 20 million. Shanghai is China's most populous urban area, while Chongqing is its largest city proper, the only city in China with the largest permanent population of over 30 million.
As of 2020, there were 113 Chinese cities with over 1 million people in urban areas.
According to the administrative divisions of China, there are three major levels of cities, namely direct-administered municipalities (直辖市), prefecture-level cities (地级市), and county-level cities (县级市). Not included in this administrative classification list are the special administrative regions (特别行政区) of Hong Kong and Macau as well as the cities controlled by the Republic of China. Prefecture-level cities nearly always contain multiple counties (县), county-level cities, and other such sub-divisions.
Municipalities and prefecture-level cities are not each a 'city' in the strictest sense of the term, but are, instead, an administrative unit comprising, typically, both the urban core (a city in the strict sense) and surrounding rural or less-urbanized areas. The term "市区" (shì qū; "urban area") is used to distinguish a city's actual urban center from its administratively defined boundaries. However, even this term often encompasses large suburban regions, often greater than 3,000 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi), or sometimes only the urban core, whereas the agglomeration overtakes the city limits. Thus, the "urban core" would be roughly comparable to the American term "city limit", and the "shì qū", or "urban area", would be roughly comparable to a city's "metropolitan area." The municipality is a political designation defining regions under control of a municipal government, which has no comparable designation in America.
While in 2013 Chongqing had the largest population total of any special municipality, 28 million, only 4.5 million of the people were in the actual Chongqing urban area, with the remainder of the population in suburban and rural areas.
The list contains all the cities with the administrative designation of "national central city" (国家中心城市) and "sub-provincial city" (副省级城市) – including five "cities with independent planning status" (计划单列市) and ten large "provincial capital cities" (省会城市), as well as some large "special economic zones" (经济特区城市), "open coastal cities" (沿海开放城市), and "prefecture-level cities" (地级市). This list defines a city's population as the population of a city's urban population, rather than the entire population of its municipal boundaries.
China cities and towns by urban population (2020–2021)
Enterprise Building (China)

The Enterprise Building (simplified Chinese: 企业号; traditional Chinese: 企業號; pinyin: Qǐyè Hào; lit. 'The Enterprise') is the headquarters of the Chinese game developer company NetDragon Websoft. It is located in the Chinese coastal city of Changle, a suburb of Fuzhou in Fujian province. The building resembles Star Trek's Starship Enterprise — specifically, the Enterprise-E featured in several Star Trek films.
It was sponsored by NetDragon Websoft’s founder Liu Dejian (刘德建), a Chinese millionaire and a fan of the Star Trek show. It was constructed with permission from the show copyright holders and is described as "the only licensed Star Trek building in the world". The construction begun in October 2010 and concluded in May 2014.
The building is 853 feet (260 m) long, 328 feet (100 m) wide, and cost 600 million yuan (about $97 million c. 2015) to build. It has six floors. The complex also features a football field, four tennis courts, a swimming pool, horseback riding area, VR experience center and a railway. It also has Star Trek-style sliding doors, as well as parts inspired by the Hui Style architecture.
The building also hosts a life-size replica of a Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton modelled after "Stan".
Quoddy Head State Park

Quoddy Head State Park is a public recreation area in Lubec, Maine, located on the easternmost point of land in the continental United States. On its 541 acres (219 ha), purchased by the state in 1962, the state park features 5 miles (8 km) of hiking trails, extensive forests, two bogs, diverse habitat for rare plants, and the striking, red-and-white striped lighthouse tower of West Quoddy Head Light.
In 1808, West Quoddy Head Light became the easternmost lighthouse in the United States. Its light and fog cannon warned mariners of Quoddy's dangerous cliffs, ledges, and Sail Rock. Among the first to use a fog bell and later a steam-powered foghorn, this lighthouse greatly reduced shipwrecks in this foggy area, even as shipping increased. In 1858, the present red-and-white tower replaced the original. Monitored and serviced by the United States Coast Guard, its light still shines through its original third-order Fresnel lens. After automation in 1988, the light station became part of adjacent Quoddy Head State Park. A visitor center and museum in the former light keeper's quarters are run by the West Quoddy Head Light Keepers Association. The tower is closed to visitors.
For a few weeks around the equinoxes, West Quoddy Head is the first location in the United States to see the sunrise. Quoddy Head State Park is also the closest geographic point in the United States to the African continent.
Mumbai Television Tower

The Mumbai Television Tower, also known as the Worli Doordarshan Tower, is the television tower owned by Doordarshan, the public-broadcaster located in the city of Mumbai in India. It stands at 300 metres (984 feet) and is the fourth-tallest man-made structure in the Indian subcontinent. The red and white tower is an open latticework structure. The tower, located at Worli, can be seen from most parts of South Mumbai.
A 32-minute documentary titled Tale of a Tower was produced by the Films Division of India featuring footage of the tower topped out in 1972.
Lahti longwave transmitter

The Lahti longwave transmitter was a facility for longwave transmission on the Radio Hill in Lahti, Finland on 252 kHz. It was inaugurated in 1927 and used a T-type aerial strung between two 150-metre-high (490 ft) freestanding steel framework towers. The Lahti longwave transmitter was shut down in 1993. Nowadays the facility is used as a museum. The red-and-white towers are still standing and form a local landmark. Nearby is lake Mytäjäinen.
60°58′46″N 25°38′49″E﻿ / ﻿60.97944°N 25.64694°E﻿ / 60.97944; 25.64694
Qingdao West Coast F.C.

Qingdao West Coast Football Club (Chinese: 青岛西海岸足球俱乐部; pinyin: Qīngdǎo Xīhǎi'àn Zúqiú Jùlèbù) is a Chinese professional football club based in Qingdao, Shandong, that competes in the Chinese Super League, the top tier of Chinese football. Qingdao West Coast plays its home matches at the Qingdao West Coast University City Sports Center, located within Huangdao District.
Qingdao Kangtaiyuan F.C. was founded in 2007 by Qingdao Kangtine Commercial Concrete Co., Ltd. as a company football team for their employees. The club would initially participate in local amateur and futsal tournaments until the 2011 league season when they participated in the Qingdao Football Association Cup and were knocked out in the last sixteen. The following season, they joined the Chinese football league pyramid in the second tier of the Qingdao League or seventh tier overall.
In 2017, after a third-place finish in the Qingdao City League, they changed their name to Qingdao Kangtine and participated in the China Amateur Football League for the first time. They advanced to the national play-offs after finishing first in their group but were eventually eliminated by Qinghai Zhuangbo.
In 2018, they were crowned champions of the Qingdao City League, and participated in the Chinese Champions League for a second time. However, they were eliminated by Taizhou Yuanda in the regional group stage play-offs and failed to advance to the national play-offs.
In 2019, they changed their name to Qingdao Zhongchuang Hengtai. In their third attempt at the highest level of amateur football league, they were eliminated once again by Shandong Wangyue in the group stage play-offs, but were later admitted into the national stage after the withdrawal of Huizhou Huixin. They eventually finished 8th and were promoted to China League Two for the first time in the club's history.
In January 2021, they changed their name to Qingdao Youth Island. They finished 4th this season and entered the promotion-relegation play-offs against Beijing BIT, who finished 17th in the 2021 China League One. Qingdao won 5–4 on penalties after drawing 2–2 on aggregate, gaining promotion to China League One for the first time in the club's history.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
All-time league rankings
As of the end of 2023 season.
Key
Qingdao Eagles

The Qingdao Guoxin Haitian Eagle Club, also known as Qingdao Daily Fresh or Qingdao Eagles are a Chinese professional basketball team which is based in Qingdao, Shandong. The club plays in the North Division of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). Conson DoubleStar is the club's corporate sponsor, and the team's mascot is an eagle. In the 2012–13 season, Basketball Hall of Famer Tracy McGrady played for the club. After the season, McGrady's jersey number was retired by Qingdao.
Qingdao received a great deal of attention from various media outlets around the world when former NBA All-Star Tracy McGrady signed for the 2012–13 CBA season with Qingdao. Despite McGrady averaging 25 points per game, the team was unable to qualify for the CBA Playoffs. In the 2014–15 CBA season, thanks to the extra addition of Hamed Haddadi, Qingdao received their first playoff appearance with the third-best record in the league, going as far as the semi-final round before being swept by the Liaoning Flying Leopards. In 2015, Qingdao retired McGrady's jersey number 1.
The Qingdao Double Star Eagles men's basketball team is the successor of the Jinan Military Region men's basketball team, which was founded in 1959. The Jinan Military Region men's basketball team was a veteran force in China's basketball world and was known for its "hard, fast, active and accurate" play. The team won the top three in the national first-class league and the championship and runner-up was or many times. In 1995, the Jinan Military Region men's basketball team became one of the founding members of the CBA. However, the team was relegated to the NBL in 1999.
In 2003, the Qingdao Double Star Group bought out the Jinan Military Region men's basketball team and formed the Qingdao Double Star Eagles men's basketball team. The team competed in the NBL for several years and finished third in the league in 2007 and 2008.
The Qingdao Double Star Eagles men's basketball team was promoted to the CBA in 2009. The team has not yet won a CBA championship, but it has made the playoffs several times. In 2015, the team reached the semi-finals but was swept by the Liaoning Flying Leopards.
Sabado de Gloria

Ang Sábado de Gloria (Sábado ng Luwalhati, Sábado Santo, o Banal na Sábado; Ingles: Black Saturday, Holy Saturday ; Latin: Sabbatum Sanctum) ay ang araw na kasunod ng Biyernes Santo.
Ito ang araw bago ang Pasko ng Pagkabuhay at ang huling araw ng Mahal na Araw, kung kailan naghahanda ang mga Kristiyano para sa Linggo ng Pagkabuhay. Iginugunitâ sa araw na ito ang pagkaratay o paghimlay ng katawan ni Hesukristo sa Santo Sepulkro, habang bumabâ ang kaniyang kaluluwâ sa Sheol (ang tinutukoy na "Kinaroroonan ng mga Yumao" sa Kredong Niseno) upang ipahayag ang Mabuting Balita sa mga patay doon at iyadyâ sila.
Sa Pilipinas, kalimitang itinutuloy ang pansamantalang pagbabawal sa pagdiriwang at ingay na sadyang ipinapatupád mula noong Biyernes Santo. Pagkagat ng dilim sa araw na ito, sinisimulan nang ipagdiwang ng mga simbahan ang Bihilya ng Pagkabuhay.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Pananampalataya ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Mahal na Araw

Ang Mahal na Araw (Latin: Hebdomas Sancta o Hebdomas Maior, "Dakilang Linggo"; Griyego: Ἁγία καὶ Μεγάλη Ἑβδομάς, Hagia sa kai Megale Hebdomas; Kastila: Semana Santa) sa Kristiyanismo ay ang hulíng linggo ng Kuwaresma at ang linggo bago ang Pasko ng Pagkabuhay. Kasama rito ang mga araw ng Linggo ng Palaspas, Huwebes Santo, Biyernes Santo, at Sabado de Gloria. Hindi ito kasáma sa Linggo ng Pasko ng Pagkabuhay.
Sa tradisyon ng Silangang Ortodokso, ang Mahal na Araw ay nagsisimula sa Sabado de Lázaro, ang araw bago ng Linggo ng Palaspas. (Linggo ng Pasko ng Pagkabuhay, para sa konteksto, ay ang unang araw ng bagong panahon ng Dakilang Limampung Araw, o Eastertide, doon pagiging ng limampung araw mula sa Linggo ng Pasko ng Pagkabuhay hanggang Linggo ng Pentekostes.) Ito ay sinusundan ng Lingguhan ng Pasko ng Pagkabuhay.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Pananampalataya ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
BGYO

Ang BGYO (binibigkas bilang bee-gi-why-oh, kilala din sa tawag na Star Hunt Academy Boys o SHA Boys) ay isang bandang Filipino na binubuo ng limang miyembro na sina Akira, Gelo, JL, Mikki, at Nate. Ang banda ay binuo ng ABS-CBN Star Hunt Academy. Ang debut single ng grupo na "The Light" ay inilabas noong 29 Enero 2021, na may kaakibat na isang music video at online concert. Sila ang ikalimang Pilipinong artista na pumasok sa lingguhang tsart ng Billboard Next Big Sound.
Ang pangalan ng pangkat ay isang akronim na ang ibig sabihin ay "Becoming the change, Going further, You and I, Originally Filipino" sa wikang Ingles. Ang pangalan ng kanilang fandom ay "Aces" na pinili ng mga miyembro ng banda mula sa mga mungkahi ng mga tagahanga.
Ang lightstick ng BGYO ay tinatawag na ‘The Light’ at ito ay ipinangalan mula sa kanilang debut album na may parehong pangalan.
Binanggit ng BGYO na ang BTS, Exo, GOT7, Wanna One, Seventeen, NCT, WayV, Stray Kids, TXT, Shawn Mendes, Ed Sheeran, Justin Bieber, Kendrick Lamar, Gary Valenciano, Iñigo Pascual, Erik Santos at Regine Velasquez ang kanilang inspirasyon sa musika.
Mitzi Jonelle Tan

Si Mitzi Jonelle Tan ay isang aktibista para sa mga karapatang pangkapaligiran na nagmula sa Pilipinas. Siya ay nakatira sa Metro Manila, Pilipinas. She lives in Metro Manila, Philippines.
Ang aktibismo ni Tan ay nagsimula noong 2017 matapos ang pagpupulong sa mga pinuno ng katutubo sa kanyang bansa. Napagtanto nito na ang sama-samang pagkilos at pagbabago ng sistema ay kinakailangan upang lumikha ng isang mas makatarungan at makulay lipunan.
Noong 2019, si Mitzi Jonelle Tan ay nagtatag ng Youth Advocates for Climate Action Philippines (YACAP), ang Friday For Future (FFF) ng Pilipinas, kasunod ng mga demonstrasyong pangklima sa buong mundo.
Si Tan ang nangungunang tagapagtipon at tagapagsalitang internasyonal ng YACAP. Si Tan ay isa ring Friday for Future na aktibista sa Pilipinas, at tagapagsalita. Pinamunuan niya ang mga welga sa pagkilos sa klima sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas..
Si Tan ay bahagi ng hakbang na kumuha ng mga welga sa paaralan para sa klima sa online sa pagsisimula ng Covid-19 pandemya.
Noong Setyembre 2020 ay bahagi si Tan ng isang hakbang upang maibalik ang 'ligtas' na pagprotesta sa mga karapatang pangklima.
Sa huling bahagi ng 2020 si Tan ay isa sa mga boluntaryo na nag-organisa ng Mock COP26, na mayroong mga delegado mula sa 140 mga bansa. Nagbigay din siya ng pahayag sa Mock COP26 tungkol sa pagiging isang aktibista na naninirahan sa lugar na kung saan ang aktibismo ay ipinapantay sa terorismo. Sa pagkomento sa Mock COP26 sinabi ni Tan sa The Guardian "They're making sure that the voices of the most affected areas are amplified, and making sure that we have a space and we're not just tokenised."
Si Tan ay isa sa mga aktibista na lumahok sa kampanya para sa Fridays For Future 'Pass the Mic', sa huling bahagi ng 2020, upang hilingin na ipasa ni Attenborough ang kanyang Instagram account sa mga tagapagtaguyod ng kabataan, partikular mula sa Global South.
Noong Nobyembre 2020 sinuportahan ni Tan ang serye ng Climate Live ng mga internasyonal na konsyerto na gaganapin sa 2021.
Nagbigay ng inspirasyon si Tan sa iba, tulad ng aktibistang kabataan ng Indonesia na si Salsabila Khairunnisa.
Si Tan kasama ang apat pang mga aktibista mula sa mga bansa ng MAPA (Most Afected Peoples and Areas) na sina Eyal Weintraub ng Argentina, Disha A Ravi ng India, Kevin Mtai ng Kenya, at Laura Verónica Muñoz ng Colombia, kasama si Greta Thunberg ay nagpahayag ng isang bagong proseso ng welga ng klima. Habang inihayag ang mga pag-atake sa klima ay nanawagan si Tan para sa "taunang nagbubuklod na mga target sa carbon at agarang pagbawas sa mga emisyon sa lahat ng sektor ng ating ekonomiya." Sinabi din niya: "Kung hindi tayo kikilos ngayon, hindi tayo magkakaroon ng pagkakataong makamit ang mga layuning 2030 at 2050 na patuloy na pinag-uusapan ng mga pinuno ng mundo."
Kumilos ang samahan ni Tan kasunod ng mga sunod-sunod na bagyo noong 2020 upang matulungan ang mga pinaka-apektadong pamayanan, kasama ang pagpapakain sa mga nagugutom at pag-uusap sa kanila tungkol sa mga problemang kinaharap nila.
Trahedya sa Pagoda ng Wawa

Ang Trahedya sa Pagoda ng Wawa o (eng:1993 Bocaue Pagoda tragedy) ay naganap noong Hulyo 2, 1993 pasadong 8:15 pm ng gabi sa Ilog ng Wawa, "Bocaue River" sa pagdiriwang ng Pagoda sa Wawa ng kapistahan, lulan ng pagoda sakay ang mahigit na 200 katao.
Ang pagoda sa Wawa ay ipinagdiriwang kapistahan at idinadaos sa bayan ng Bocaue sa Bulacan tuwing linggo sa buwan ng Hulyo upang silayan ang pagtuklas na ang nagmimilagrong krus ni Hesus na nakalutang sa ilog ng Wawa, 200 taon ang nakalipas.
Naganap ang trahedya sa oras na 8:15 pm ng gabi sakay ang mahigit 800 hanggang 1,000 na mga deboto, dahilan sa overloading o sobrang pagsakay ng mga deboto. dahil sa pagpapaputok ng kwitis sa bahaging dulo ng pagoda na siyang sanhi ng sunog at pag panik ng mga tao sa kabilang dulong bahagi ng pagoda, Mahigit 266 ang mga naiwang labi na mga nasawi at ilang naligtas ay iniahon sakay ng ilang rescuer gamit ang mga bangka, Ang pagoda ang may taas na 20 talampakan.
Ayon sa pelikula ng "Bocaue Pagoda tragedy taong 1995" ang sanhi ng paglubog ng pagoda ay ang dulot ng pagtatalo ng isang deboto na ginampanan ni Mon Confiado.
Ang pagsagip operasyon para sa mga biktima ay tinitignan sa mga sumunod na araw, Ang mga biktima ay sinusuri ang bawat parte ng katawan at ang iba ay idinala sa ospital, Ang mga katawang bakay ay inilalagak sa Town plaza at basketball court upang masuri sa morgue, Ayon sa pagiimbestiga ang mga biktima ay magkakapamilya.
Taong 1994 binabaan mula sa 2 ang talampakan ng "pagoda" na noo'y 1993 ay nasa 4.
Taong 2014 ng ibinalik ang tradisyong pagdiriwang ng pagoda, matapos ang 21 taon trahedya sa ilog ng Wawa sa Bocaue.
Gabi ng Pangangaluluwa

Ang Gabi ng Pangangaluluwa o mas kilala bilang Halloween ay pistang ipinagdiriwang sa maraming bansa tuwing Oktubre 31, ang bisperas ng Undas. Sinisimulan nito ang pangingilin ng Allhallowtide, ang panahon sa taong liturhikal nakalaan sa pag-aalala ng patay, kabilang ang mga santo, martir, at lahat ng yumao.
Ayon sa isang teorya, naimpluwensiyahan ang mga kaugalian sa Halloween ng mga kapistahan sa pag-aani ng mga Selta, lalo na ang Samhain, isang kapistahang Gaeliko, na pinaniniwalaang nag-uugat sa paganismo. Humihigit pa ang ilan at nagmumungkahi na maaaring naisakristiyano ang Samhain bilang Undas, pati na rin ang bisperas nito, ng sinaunang Simbahan. Pinaniniwalaan ng mga ibang akademiko na nagsimula ang Halloween bilang kapistahang Kristiyano lamang, na siyang bihilya ng Undas. Ipinagdiriwang sa Irlanda at Eskosya ng daan-daang taon, nagdala ang mga dayuhang Irlandes at Eskoses ng maraming kaugalian ng Halloween sa Hilagang Amerika sa ika-19 na siglo, at sa pamamagitan ng impluwensiya ng Amerika, kumalat ang Halloween sa mga ibang bansa sa dulong bahagi ng ika-20 at unang bahagi ng ika-21 siglo.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Kalinangan ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Michael V.

Si Michael V. (17 Disyembre 1969 isinilang bilang Beethoven Bunagan), ay isang komedyanteng Filipino na kilala rin bilang "Bitoy" o "Toybits". Siya ay lumalabas sa mga palabas ng GMA Network tulad ng Bubble Gang, at sa kanyang sariling palabas na Bitoy's Funniest Videos. Kilala siya sa pagsasalin ng mga awiting sikat na Filipino at banyaga, at gumawa rin ng mga orihinal na awitin, tulad ng "Sinaktan mo ang Puso ko".
Siya ay ipinanganak noong Disyembre 17, 1969 sa Pandacan, Maynila. Siya ay napakamahiyain na bata, at madalas siyang pesimistiko patungkol sa kanyang buhay, dahil siya daw na pakainutil para magkaroon ng hinaharap.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Pilipinas at Artista ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Sonshine Media Network International

Ang Sonshine Media Network International o SMNI ay isang estasyong pantelebisyon ebanghelista sa Pilipinas na binuo ni Pastor Apollo C. Quiboloy Base sa Davao City Ang Kanilang main studios ay matatagpuan sa JC Compound, Philippine-Japan Friendship Highway, Catitipan, Davao City, At ang studio at office ay matatagpuan sa ACQ Tower, Sta. Rita Street, corner Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, Guadalupe Nuevo, Makati City.
Pundamentalismo

Ang pundamentalismo, relihiyosong pundamentalismo, o pundamentalismong pangpananampalataya, sa orihinal na kahulugan, ay isang mahigpit na pagtataguyod at hindi pagbitiw sa paniniwalang ang Bibliya lamang ang matibay na saligan ng kahulugan ng mga nagaganapa sa mundo. Tinatawag na pundamentalista ang isang taong may ganitong mariing paniniwala. Sa mas malawak na kahulugan nito, tumutukoy ito sa paniniwala sa mahigpit na pagsunod at hindi pagbitiw sa isang pangkat ng mga basikong mga prinsipyo, karaniwang likas na panrelihiyon o makapangpananampalataya, na minsang isang tugon o reaksiyon sa napapansing doktrinal o pangdoktrinang mga kompromisong kaugnay ng modernismo o makabagong buhay sa lipunan at maging sa politika.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Pananampalataya ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Ginintuang patakaran

Ang Ginintuang Patakaran (Ingles: Golden Rule, Ethic of Reciprocity, o Norm of Reciprocity) ay ang pamantayan ng gantihan ng kabutihan o palitan ng gawaing mabuti, na nagsasaad ng ganito o katulad nito: "Huwag mong gawin sa iba ang ayaw mong gawin nila sa iyo." Tinatawag din itong Pamantayan ng Resiprosidad o Etiko ng Resiprosidad, isang kasunduan ng pagtutulungan. Sa Ingles, ganito ang kaanyuan ng pangungusap na ito: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. Sa pagnenegosyo o iba pang pagkakataon, madudugtungan ito ng mga negosyante ng ganitong pangungusap: Ginagamit ang Ginintuang Patakaran, sa lahat ng panahon (o oras), sa lahat ng mga bagay, sa lahat ng mga pook. Na maiaangat pa sa ganitong kataga: Palaging sinusubukang itrato ang mga tao na mas mainam ng bahagya kaysa kung paano nila ako tinatrato. Sa Bagong Tipan ng Bibliya, matatagpuan ito sa Ebanghelyo ni Mateo (Mateo 7:12): Kaya nga gawin ninyo sa iba ang ibig ninyo na gawin nila sa inyo. Katumbas ng Ingles na: Do to others as you would have them do to you. Sa isang bersiyong ginagamit ng pormal na matandang Ingles, ganito ang pagkakabanggit nito mula sa Mateo 7:12 ng The Holy Bible, Authorized King James Version, sa Ebanghelyo ayon kay San Mateo: "Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: for this is the law and the prophets."
Sa larangan ng musika sa Pilipinas, matutunghayan ang diwa ng Ginintuang Patakaran sa mga panitik o liriko ng awiting Lupa ng grupong Asin. Ganito ang sinasaad sa taludturan ng refrain o parteng inuulit ng kantang ito:
Ang mga pahayag na katulad ng patakarang Ginintuan ay makikita sa sinaunang Ehipto sa kuwento ng Ang Maliwanag na Magsasaka. Tinalakay ni Rushworth Kidder ang mga sinaunang kontribusyon ni Confucius (551–479 BCE). Ayon kay Kidder, ang balangkas ng konseptong ito ay kilalang lumilitaw sa karamihan ng mga relihiyon kabilang ang Hinduismo, Budismo, Taoismo, Zoroastrianismo at iba pang mga pangunahing relhiyon.
Ang sinanunang inkarnasyon ng Patakarang Gininturan na matataguan sa Kodigo ni Hammurabi (1780 BCE) na mas naunang isinulat sa Bibliya, ay nakikitungo sa resiprosidad na etikal sa mga paraan gaya ng paglilimita lamang sa paghihiganti na pantay at makatwiran.
Crucifixion in the Philippines

Crucifixion in the Philippines is a devotional practice held every Good Friday, and is part of the local observance of Holy Week. Devotees or penitents called magdarame in Kapampangan willingly have themselves crucified to reenact Jesus Christ's suffering and death, while related practices include carrying wooden crosses, crawling on rough pavement, and self-flagellation. Penitents consider these acts to be mortification of the flesh, and undertake these to ask forgiveness for sins, to fulfil a panatà (Filipino, "vow"), or to express gratitude for favours granted. In the most famous case, Ruben Enaje drives four-inch nails into both hands and feet and then he is lifted on a wooden cross for around five minutes.
The San Pedro Cutud Lenten Rites are a re-enactment of Christ’s Passion and crucifixion held in Barangay San Pedro Cutud, San Fernando, Pampanga. It includes a passion play, culminating in the actual nailing of at least three penitents to wooden crosses atop a makeshift Calvary.
Crucifixions are also held in Barangay Kapitangan, Paombong, Bulacan which is a locally-known pilgrimage area and haven for faith healers. Many women have been nailed to the cross, acting on directions "from above", claiming mediumship of Christ either as the Santo Niño or the Black Nazarene.
The Siete Palabras (Seven Last Words) play in Angeles, Pampanga, depicts the sufferings of Christ from his sentencing by Pontius Pilate to his death. This takes the form of a colourful street play, with dozens of men carrying wooden crosses as heavy as 50 kg (110 pounds) and scores flagellating themselves in Barangay Lourdes Northwest, Angeles, between 14:00 and 15:00 PST (GMT+8).
The Catholic Church in the Philippines opposes the practice of crucifixion and self-flagellation. The bishops see the practices as spiritual vanity, with the Archbishop of Lingayen–Dagupan, Socrates Villegas, encouraging the public in 2014 to show more "love for others" instead of exhibiting "extreme forms" of sacrifice. Likewise, the Bishop of Legazpi, Joel Baylon, emphasized that spiritual conversion, and not "public display of suffering", is more meaningful. A priest from the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) in 2023 said that the crucifixions, which devotees believe that their sins would be forgiven, are contrary to the teachings of the Church. Bishops instead invited the public to observe the traditional Visita Iglesia (Seven Churches Visitation) and offering prayers at churches.
The Department of Health in 2019 warned about the health risks of such activities, as open wounds cause various infections and diseases, like the deadly tetanus. Likewise, the department also warned that self-flagellating under the heat of the sun may cause heat stroke and dehydration.
Ruben Enaje

Ruben Enaje is a Filipino carpenter, sign painter, and former construction worker. He is noted for being a participant of the San Pedro Cutud Lenten Rites, being crucified 35 times as of 2024. He has been crucified every year on Good Friday since 1986, except from 2020 to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2024, he was crucified for the 35th time.
Enaje, who was once a construction worker in the Philippines, fell down from an unfinished building in Tarlac, and unexpectedly survived. After the incident, saying that it was to thank the Lord for saving him, Enaje started participating in crucifixions, of his own free will, in a ritual done on Good Friday every year. Initially done only for nine years since the incident, he continued with another set of nine years as a petition for the healing of his daughter from asthma and another nine years for the good health of his wife.
Enaje was crucified for his first time in 1986. He had promised God that he would be crucified 27 times, which came to pass in 2013. He continued thereafter as there were no replacements found. He offered his 30th crucifixion, in 2016, to the people of Belgium, who had recently suffered from a terrorist attack, and prayed for a more peaceful outcome of the 2016 Philippine general election.
In 2019, Enaje re-iterated his hopes to finally find a replacement, having been crucified once a year for 33 years (the same number of years that Jesus was alive). He was crucified for the 34th time in 2023, resuming his participation in the crucifixion after it was halted from 2020 to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He initially said that this enactment would be his last. However, he was crucified once again in his 35th reenactment on the following Good Friday for world peace, especially for the war in Ukraine, Gaza, and the territorial disputes in the South China Sea.
Riogordo

Riogordo is a small town and municipality of around 3,000 inhabitants in Málaga province in the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It is situated in the centre of the comarca of Axarquía that runs east and inland of Málaga as far as Nerja. It is located 40 kilometers from Málaga and 30 km from Vélez-Málaga. Nestled in the low-lying mountains (between the Montes de Málaga and the higher sierras), it is almost one of the classic Andalusian "white villages". It is equidistant between Málaga and Vélez-Málaga, both of which are little more than 30 minutes by car.
The town hosts the "El Paso" festival at Easter (Semana Santa), a reenactment of the crucifixion which has a cast of hundreds, mostly local villagers.
National Cultural Heritage Act

The National Cultural Heritage Act, officially designated as Republic Act No. 10066, is a Philippine law that created the Philippine Registry of Cultural Property (PRECUP) and took other steps to preserve historic buildings that are over 50 years old. It was signed into law on March 25, 2009.
It was passed in response to the 2000 demolition of the Manila Jai Alai Building. The Act mentions "archaeological" 18 times, an apparent reference to the destruction of the Huluga archaeological site in 2003.
The Philippine Registry of Cultural Property registers all cultural properties of the country, which the National Commission for Culture and the Arts is mandated to establish and maintain through the appropriate cultural agencies and local governments.
A house that has significant importance to the Filipino culture is declared to be a "Heritage House" by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP), previously known as the National Historical Institute. Historical markers are placed on the houses by the commission to indicate their significance, Ancestral homes that have figured in an historic event, house such as the Bonifacio Trial House in Maragondon, Cavite, or houses of national heroes of the Philippines like the Juan Luna Shrine in Badoc, Ilocos Norte, are included among the categories "National Shrines" or "National Historical Landmarks".
The act also requires:
The act defines "cultural property" as "all products of human creativity by which a people and a nation reveal their identity, including churches, mosques and other places of religious worship, schools and natural history specimens and sites, whether public or privately-owned, movable or immovable, and tangible or intangible." It deems all heritage structures, which are at least 50 years old, as presumed important cultural properties despite non-declaration by cultural agencies. Nonetheless, the government mandates all local government units to register these presumed important cultural properties to the database of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts for cultural documentation and conservation.
The citizen retains the ownership of the house; the government is only declaring the heritage value of the structure and providing funding for its protection and preservation.
GOOD Fridays

GOOD Fridays was a weekly free music release by rapper Kanye West, launched in support of his fifth studio album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (2010), and again for his seventh studio album The Life of Pablo (2016). The original intention was to release a free new song every Friday for a few months to promote his album, and the weekly tracks generally featured various rappers from his label, GOOD Music, and other artists he usually collaborated with. All of the GOOD Friday tracks come with their own cover art. West initially announced that the free music program releases songs from August 20, 2010, to Christmas 2010. However at the beginning of November, West announced that he was extending GOOD Fridays until the end of January. 15 tracks have been released through the program and three tracks appeared on West's album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy. The program was relaunched in 2016 in support of The Life of Pablo; 3 tracks have been released through the relaunch, with all of the tracks appearing on the album. West described the series as "an exercise in the power of art."