davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Tancred Ibsen

Tancred Ibsen (11 July 1893 – 4 December 1978) was a Norwegian military officer, aviator, film director and screenwriter.
Ibsen was the son of Sigurd Ibsen and Bergljot Bjørnson. He was the grandson of both Henrik Ibsen and Nobel laureate Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson. He married dancer and actress Lillebil Ibsen in 1919, and remained married to her until his death in 1978. His son Tancred Ibsen Jr. (1921–2015) was a Norwegian diplomat.
In 1917, Tancred Ibsen started pilot training at Kjeller Airport and began his career in the Norwegian Army Air Service. He started the first civilian active airplane company, A/S Aero in 1920, financed by his uncle, businessman Einar Bjørnson, and two shipowners. The company successfully operated demonstration, advertising, and limited mail flights with Ibsen as the head pilot. The company also chartered airplanes to the Det Norske Luftfartrederi routes in southern Norway. The activity of A/S Aero ended, with the company becoming part of the aircraft factory A/S Norske Aeroplanfabrik in Tønsberg.
A 1923 trip to New York and a screening of D.W. Griffith's Orphans of the Storm inspired Ibsen with the potential of filmmaking. He spent the next two years in Los Angeles, working at Metro Goldwyn Mayer as a handyman, electrician, and finally in the script department.
Ibsen's return to Norway and directoral debut in 1931 was Norway's first feature-length sound film, Den store barnedåpen. Through the 1930s he would "dominate" the nation's film industry, together with Leif Sinding (1895–1985). Ibsen produced conventional melodramas more or less on the model of Hollywood films. In 1940, he returned to active military service against Operation Weserübung but continued to produce films through 1942.
After the war, Ibsen took on the project To mistenkelige personer (1950), based on a 1933 book by Gunnar Larsen about a real-life 1926 killing. The completed film was banned by the Supreme Court of Norway, based on the privacy rights of one of the figures in the real-life killing, still alive.
Ibsen was arrested on 17 August 1943 during the Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. He was imprisoned in Schildberg and then Luckenwalde until the camp was liberated.
Legacy on Ice

Legacy on Ice is a benefit ice show in honor of the victims of the mid-air collision over the Potomac River in Washington, D.C., involving American Airlines Flight 5342 and a United States Army helicopter.
On January 29, 2025, American Airlines Flight 5342, a Bombardier CRJ-700 passenger plane enroute from Wichita, Kansas, collided mid-air with a United States Army Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter as it came in to land at Ronald Reagan International Airport in Washington D.C. The jet and helicopter crashed into the Potomac River and killed all 67 people on board. Among the passengers were 28 members of the figure skating community which included young athletes, coaches and family members returning from a national development camp held in conjunction with the U.S. Figure Skating Championships in Wichita.
In early February 2025, a tribute event was announced, to take place in Capital One Arena in Washington D.C. on March 2, 2025. All proceeds will be distributed equally between the U.S. Figure Skating Family Support Fund, Greater Washington Community Foundation's "DCA Together Relief Fund," and DC Fire & EMS Foundation.
The tribute was organized by Monumental Sports & Entertainment, U.S. Figure Skating, DC Fire & EMS Foundation and the Greater Washington Community Foundation and took place on March 2, 2025, at Capital One Arena in Washington D.C. It featured multiple generations of figure skating greats, members of DMV Skating Clubs and Skating Club of Boston, and all of Washington's professional sports teams: the NHL's Washington Capitals, the NBA's Washington Wizards, the WNBA's Washington Mystics, NBA G League's Capital City Go-Go, the MLB's Washington Nationals, the MLS' D.C. United, the NFL's Washington Commanders, and the NWSL's Washington Spirit.
Capital One Arena has a capacity of 20,000, and tickets went on sale on February 10, 2025, starting from $30 with Ticketmaster waiving administration fees for the event. According to the organizers, more than 15,000 tickets were sold, and the tribute show raised more than $1.2 million for the victims and first responders.
The event aired live on Peacock, U.S. Figure Skating's YouTube channel, Monumental Sports Network (MNMT) and on the subscription platform Monumental+ on March 2, 2025. The show will also be broadcast on NBC on March 30, 2025.
The event was co-hosted by 1988 Olympic champion Brian Boitano and 1992 Olympic Champion Kristi Yamaguchi. The Legacy on Ice cast members included:
Ice show

An ice show is an entertainment production which is primarily performed by ice skaters. The major ice shows were founded between 1936 and 1943, when professional figure skaters began to appear in shows, in hotels, at fairs, and "at any place a sheet of ice could be set up" since the beginning of the 20th century in North America and Europe. They were produced and toured North America, Europe, and throughout the world for many years in the years following World War II. According to figure skating historian James R. Hines, ice shows "took spectacular skating to large audiences, contributing to the development of the sport's first major fan base".
Such shows may primarily be skating exhibitions, or may be musical and/or dramatic in nature, using skating as a medium in order to accompany a musical work or to present a story. The term generally excludes skating competitions in (professional) sports. Many companies produce fixed or touring ice shows, which are then performed for the general public in facilities such as multipurpose arenas or skating rinks which can accommodate spectators, or in theatres with a temporary ice surface installed on the stage. Ice shows are also featured as entertainment in amusement parks and on some large cruise ships.
Media related to Ice shows at Wikimedia Commons
Karen Barber

Karen Barber (born 21 June 1961 in Manchester) is a British ice dancer. She is the 1983 European bronze medalist and competed at two Olympics with partner Nicky Slater.
She lived on Droylsden Road in Audenshaw.
Barber won the silver medal at the 1977 World Junior Championships with partner Kim Spreyer. When that partnership ended, she teamed up with Nicky Slater. They won the bronze medal at the 1983 European Championships. They represented Great Britain at the 1980 Winter Olympics, placing 12th, and at the 1984 Winter Olympics, where they placed 6th.
Following her retirement from competitive skating, Barber worked as a coach and skated professionally.
From 2006 Barber served as a judge on Dancing On Ice, until 2011 where she was moved into the role of head coach where remained for the 2011 and 2012 series (it was in her 1st year as coach that she got into a big fight with her former co-judge Jason Gardiner) before she returned to the judging panel in 2013 where she remained until the end of series 9 in 2014. Barber did not return to the programme in 2018 but did return for series 11 as head coach in 2019.
Barber has two daughters, Laura and Emma, with her former husband, Stephen Pickavance.
She has been in a relationship with Christopher Dean since 2011.
(with Slater)
(with Spreyer)
Ludvig Munthe

Ludvig Munthe (11 March 1841 – 30 March 1896) was a Norwegian-born, German landscape painter.
Ludvig Munthe was born at Årøy, near Sogndal in Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. He came to Bergen in 1858 where he was first instructed by Franz Wilhelm Schiertz, a German painter and architect residing in Norway. Munthe later moved to Düsseldorf where he became a pupil of Albert Flamm at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. He subsequently selected Düsseldorf for his permanent residence.
Munthe is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. A thoroughly realistic treatment characterizes his paintings, of which autumn and winter scenes in stormy or gloomy weather, forest and coast views form the prevailing subjects. He was knighted with the French Legion of Honour in 1878 and was appointed Knight of the Order of St. Olav in 1881.
List of paintings by Edvard Munch

This is a complete list of paintings by Edvard Munch (12 December 1863 – 23 January 1944) a Norwegian symbolist painter, printmaker and an important forerunner of expressionist art. His best-known composition, The Scream (1893), is part of a series The Frieze of Life, in which Munch explored the themes of love, fear, death, melancholia and anxiety.
Around 1789 paintings are provisionally credited Edvard Munch. His career as a painter lasted from 1880 to 1943. Munch possessed 1006 of his paintings when he died. He gave all these paintings as a testamentary gift to The Municipality of Oslo when he wrote down his will on 18 April 1940, right after the Germans had occupied Norway. Munch died on 23 January 1944, and all of the paintings he left are now in the Munch Museum in Oslo, Norway.
The Munch Museum is the most important collection of works of any medium by Edvard Munch. Other major collections include the National Gallery in Oslo, which holds the famous 1893 tempera and crayon on cardboard version of The Scream amongst other major paintings.
Snøhetta (company)

Snøhetta (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈsnø̀ːˌhɛtːɑ]) is a Norwegian architectural firm headquartered in Oslo, Norway.
The company was formed in 1987 by Norwegian, Kjetil Thorsen, and a group of young architects. They named it Snøhetta after the tallest mountain in the Dovrefjell National Park. In 1989 they joined forces with New York architect, Craig Dykers, to enter the competition to design a replacement for the Library of Alexandria (the winning design for Bibliotheca Alexandrina wasn't completed until 2001).
Snøhetta has received the World Architecture Award for the Bibliotheca Alexandrina and the Oslo Opera House, and the Aga Khan Award for Architecture for the Bibliotheca Alexandrina. Since its completion in 2008, the Oslo Opera House has also been awarded the Mies van der Rohe Award, the EDRA (Environmental Design Research Association) Great Places Award, the European Prize for Urban Public Space, In 2010, through Kjetil Trædal Thorsen’s lead, Snøhetta’s works’ coherence with their environment was awarded the Global Award for Sustainable Architecture, both from an international point of view, for their large scale projects, and at a local, small projects scale.
Winter at the Sognefjord

Winter at the Sognefjord (Norwegian: Vinter ved Sognefjorden) is a painting by the Norwegian artist Johan Christian Dahl from 1827.
The picture is painted in oil on canvas and has the dimensions of 61.5 x 75.5 cm.
The picture is part of the collection of the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design in Oslo, Norway.
After a trip to Italy in 1820–1821, Johan Christian Dahl settled permanently in Dresden. There he drew a number of ideal Norwegian landscapes. From 1826 on, there was a change in his work reflecting new understanding for Norwegian landscape. Then he took a trip through Norway from Christiania to Telemark and Hardangervidda to the fjords of western Norway, his first trip to the mountains as a mature artist.
The motive was first drafted as a drawing during the trip. Steep slopes and vertical rock are depicted in the foreground. This painting is a tribute to the majestic Norwegian nature and the proud history of the nation.
Calonarang

Calonarang atawa Calon Arang nyaéta salah sahiji lalakon drama tari nu sipatna magis sarta nyokot sumber carita ti carita Calonarang. Carita semi-historis nu asalna nalika jaman pamaréntahan Raja Airlangga di Karajaan Kahuripan (Jawa beulah Wétan) mangsa abad ka-12. Dina lakon ieu aya Matah Gedé minangka wujud Calonarang saméméh diajar élmu hideung. Asal carita ieu nyaéta ayana Calonarang minangka janda pangawasa élmu hideung di désa Girah. Dina dipintonkeuna, Calonarang biasana nyanghareupan Barong atawa Airlangga. Dina pintonana, gamelan nu dipaké nyaéta Gamelan Semar Pagulingan, Gamelan Babarongan jeung Gong Kebyar sedengkeun gendingna boga husus nyaéta Gending Panyalonarangan. Disebut yén nu bisa mateni Calonarang nyaéta Keris Weling Sakti nu asal informasina ti kitab pusaka boga Calonarangna sorangan.
Calonarang nyaéta randa sakti nu kungsi nyieun kaanéhan di mangsa Karajaan Kadiri. Manéhna cicing di désa Girah jeung budak awéwéna nyaéta Ratna Manggali. Masarakat sieun ka kasaktian Calonarang nepi ka euweuh lalaki nu wani ngalamar budakna. Ku kituna, Calonarang tuluy ambek sarta nyebarkeun musibah di Kediri. Ngaliwatan ritualna di hiji astana, turun Déwi Bhagawati atawa Déwi Durga ngabulkeun kahayangna. Ku kituna, pageblug tuluy sumebar jeung ngalantarankeun loba jalma nu isukna gering, soréna maot atawa soréna gering, isukna maot.
Nempo lobana korban, Raja Erlangga tuluy néangan cara sangkan nyingkahan wabah éta tur néangan sabab ti kajadian éta. Sanggeus nyaho yén pageblug téh kalakuana Calonarang, dikirim pasukan ka désa Girah sangkan maéhan Calonarang. Tapi Calonarang leuwih sakti ti batan prajurit nu dikirim ku raja. Sabalikna Calonarang beuki ambek tur beuki kuat nyebarkeun santét nepi ka korbanna leuwih loba. Tuluy raja ngadu'a dibarengan ku pandita jeung resi di istana. Teu lila turun piunjuk yén nu bisa ngeureunkeun pageblug téh Mpu Bharadah ti désa Lemah Tulis. Teu lila raja ménta tulung, Mpu Bharadah tuluy ngirimkeun muridna nu ngarana Bahula pikeun nikah jeung Ratna Manggali. Tugas Bahula nyaéta nyurutkeun ambek mitohana tur jadi mata-mata pikeun kapentingan karajaan.
Sanggeus nikah jeung cicing di tempat mitohana, Bahula nyaho yén kasaktian mitohana ti hiji kitab nu unggal peuting dibaca ku Calonarang nalika upacara di astana. Bahula gancang manggihan guruna tuluy mawa kitab sarta nyaritakeun kabiasaan mitohana. Nalika Bahula balik deui ka Girah, Mpu Bharadah ogé nyusul ka Girah tur ngubaran nu gering sarta ngahirupkeun deui mayit nu jasadna utuh kénéh. Di astana désa Girah, Mpu Bharadah panggih jeung Calonarang tuluy Mpu Bharadah ngéling-ngéling Calonarang sangkan ngeureunkeun santétna. Calonarang daék nurutan papatah ti Mpu Bharada asal manéhna diruwat jeung dilebur dosana. Sedengkeun Mpu Bharadah nu ngawasa dosa Calonarang geus gedé pisan, nolak ngaruwatna.
Mpu Bharadah jeung Calonarang gelut ku cara Calonarang nyemburkeun seuneu nu kaluar tina panonna. Tapi Mpu Baradah leuwih sakti. Dina perang tanding, Calonarang paéh dina posisi nangtung. Tuluy Mpu Bharadah ngahirupkeun deui Calonarang pikeun dibéré ajaran ngeunaan hirup nu hadé sangkan moksa.
Tari Péndét

Tari Pendet mimitina tari muja anu sok diayakeun di pura, tempat ibadah umat Hindu di Bali, Indonésia. Tarian ieu ngalambangkeun nyambut turunna déwata ka alam dunya. Lila kalilaan, para seniman Bali ngubah Péndét jadi ucapan selamat datang, sanajan tetep ngandung anasir anu sakral-religius. Nu nyiptakeun koreografer bentuk modérn tari ieu nyaéta I Wayan Rindi. Biasana tarian ieu dipintonkeun sanggeus Tari Rejang di buruan pura biasana nyanghareup ka arah suci (pelinggih) kalayan maké baju upacara jeung masing-masing penari mawa sangku, kendi, cawan, jeung kalengkepan sasajén lainna. Tari péndét disapukan lahirna taun 1950. Biasana Tari Péndét sacara kelompok atawa pasangan. Penarina awéwé, tarian ieu leuwih dinamis ti tari Rejang. Para penari Péndét dandan saperti penari upacara kaagamaan anu sakral. Sacara étimologi, kecap péndét asal tina pundutatawa sasajén pikeun turunan Ida Betara-Betari.
Ditilik tina gerakan-gerakanna tari ieu bisa disebut pikeun tari dasar tina jinis tari-tarian lainna. Sababaraha ngaran gerakan dina Tari Péndét nya ta gerak ngumbang, ngelung atawa agem, ngegol, nyeregseg, gelatik nuut papah, nyalud, sledet, dan ngotag leher. Tari Péndét mangrupa tarian kelompok kalayan sumanget jeung ekspresif. Unggal penari mawa bokor anu eusina kembang. Saperti tari bali séjéna tari péndét loba maké gerakan panon anu disebut seledet, gerak leungeun, gerakan sirah, gerakan taktak, jeung gerakan suku. Salah sahiji sikep narina téh disebut agem, nyaéta sikép kadua suku rengkuh dina posisi anggang jeung leungeunna ditilep. Ciri has tari ieu nyaéta gerakan ngawurkeun kembang saencan dimimitian ku gerakan persembahan bari diuk. Tari Péndét dipirig ku saperangkat alat gamelan Bali. Perangkat gamelan Bali béd jeung gamelan Jawa. Perangkat gamelan Bali di antarana tarompong, reyong, bendé, kempul, gong, gendang wadu, petuk, gendang lanang, cengceng, jublag, jagong, gangsa, ugal, kantil, jeung gong kebyar.
Saléndro

Saléndro, sléndro atawa salindru mangrupa salasahiji tina dua laras anu dipaké dina waditra sarupaning gamelan Jawa. Laras ieu ogé dipaké dina rupa-rupa waditra jeung karawitan Sunda, contona dina kacapi, rebab, atwa gamelan nu dipaké dina wayang, jaipongan, jsb. Laras ieu leuwih babari diajarna tibatan laras pélog atawa laras séjénna, ku sabab ieu ngan ukur lima genta atawa nada nu deukeut jarakna tur ampir rata dina hiji gembyang.
Numutkeun mitologi Jawa, gamelan Saléndro leuwih kolot ti batan gamelan Pélog. Dina titi laras Sunda, Saléndro miboga 5 (lima) genta sagembyang, nyaéta 1 2 3 4 5 (G E+ D C A+) kalayan jangkah anu sarua atawa lamun béda ogé, bédana jangkahna leutik.
Aya dua laras saléndro nu lumrah dipaké, nyaéta laras saléndro padantara jeung saléndro bédantara. Saléndro padantara nyaéta laras anu dijieun tina ngabagi hiji gembyang jadi 5. Sagembyang eusina 1200 cents, anu bakal dibagi jadi 5, hasilna 240 cents jarak jangkahna unggal gentana. Dina prakna, saléndro padantara henteu pas 240 cents, bisa leuwih atawa kurang.
Laras saléndro nu kadua nyaéta saléndro bédantara. Laras nu ieu miboga jangkah nu teu rata. Di jaman kiwari, laras ieu mindeng dipake dina sagala rupa waditra kulon, sarupaning gitar, atawa piano. Laras ieu leuwih babari dipaké dina waditra kulon ku sabab bisa dipake dina waditra nu maké 12ED (12 Equal Division) anu matak teu kudu bener-bener ngabagi sagembyang jadi 5 nada. Lian ti dinya, aya ogé sistem ngabagi sagembyang jadi 17 nada, atawa 17ED (17 Equal Division) anu diserat ku Raden Machjar Angga Koesoemadinata dina buku Ringkesan Pangawikan Rinenggaswara.
Citakan:Gamelan
Dwiki Dharmawan

Dwiki Dharwaman nyaéta salah sahiji musisi Indonésia nu kasohor teu ngan saukur di Indonésia, tapi ogé ka sakuliah dinya. Sutradara pilem, panata tari jeung orkéstra, sarta musisi jazz mancanagara. Lahir di Bandung 19 Agustus 1966. Diajar piano klasik ti umur 7 taun ka Elfa Secioria. Tuluy nincak umurna nu ka-13 taun mimiti diajar music jazz. Dina umurna nu ka-17, nyieun Grup Krakatau bareng jeung Pra B Dharma, Budhy Haryono, jeung Donny Suhendra. Grup krakatau ieu ngaéksplorasi gamelan sunda nu dikombinasikeun jeung jazz. Nepi ka kiwari ieu grup geus ngurilingan dunya sarta minton dina sawatara konsér jeung féstival internasional saperti Montreux Jazz, North Sea Jazz, Toronto Jazz, Vancouver Jazz, GalapaJazz, Hot Summer Jazz, Midem, Festival Cervantino, Sziget Festival jeung sajabana. Salian ti éta, kungsi minton di sawatara tempat seni pintonan nu kasohor saperti Lincoln Center Summer Outdoor Festival, Chicago Cultural Center, Esplanade, Beijing Concert Hall, sarta Beijing National Center for the Performing Arts jeung sajabana. Taun 1990 Dwiki mimiti neuleuman rupa-rupa wangun musik tradisional tuluy nyieun album Mystical Mist jeung Magical Match. Taun 2005 jadi co-music director pikeun pagelaran musik spéktakulér Megalithicum Quantum di Jakarta jeung Bali bareng jeung Krakatau. Salian ti éta musik Krakatau ogé geus diaku sacara internasional. Hal ieu dibuktikeun ku ayana Jurnal Worlds of Music nu medal di Amerika Serikat nu nyebutkeun yén Krakatau téh bagéan penting dina khazanah World Music alatan Krakatau geus bisa ngadumaniskeun gamelan sarta musik-musik tradisional lianna jeung musik jazz. Tepi ka taun 2006 Dwiki geus nyieun album bareng jeung Krakatau nyaéta First Album(1987), Second Album (1988), Kembali Satu (1989), Let There Be Life (1992),Mystical Mist (1994), Magical Match (2000), 2 Worlds (2006) jeung Rhytym Of Reformation (2006). Sedengkeun Dwiki sorangan geus nyieun album solona kalawan judul Nuansa (2002) bareng jeung musisi dunya saperti Mike Stern, Lincoln Goiness, Richie Morales, Neil Stubenhaus, Ricky Lawson jeung Mike Thompson ti Amerika sarta sababaraha musisi Australia saperti Steve Hunter, David Jones jeung Guy Strazullo.
Préstasi Darmawan di antarana waé kungsi meunang panglélér Penata Musik Terbaik Festival Film Indonesia 1991 dina pilemna Cinta Dalam Sepotong Roti karya Garin Nugroho. Taun 1985 meunang panglélér The Best Keyboard Player dina Yamaha Light Music Contest 1985 di Tokyo, Jepang. Salian seniman, Dwiki ogé jadi Direktur Lembaga Pendidikan Musik Farabi jeung anggota komite musik Dewan Kesenian Jakarta.
Kompas TV Jawa Barat

Kompas TV Jawa Barat (nami sateuacana nyaeta STV Bandung) nyaeta stasion TV Lokal di Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat anu mangrupikeun raramat (jaringan) Kompas TV.
STV Bandung (atau STV, singgetan tina Sunda Televisi) awalna ngajumantara ti ngawitan kaping 18 Maret 2005. Nu kawitan ngajumantara stasion televisi ieu teh nyaeta kagungan Prima Entertainment nu kalibet dina widang midamel sinetron sinareng pilem di Jakarta. Dina waktos siaran STV kantos gawe bareng sareng TV Edukasi.
Ti kawit 18 Maret 2010, logo STV tos henteu ngangge deui logo "S", jadina logo STV nu diangge mung ukur wordmark bae. Digentosna logo eta teh mangrupakeun wujud STV salaku "stasiun televisi lokal nu terbuka, tanpa ayana watesan".
Dina sasih September 2011, STV janten jaringan Kompas TV. Ku kituna, ti kawit tanggal 9 September 2011 seueurna 70 persen program STV dieusi ku acara Kompas TV, anu 30 persen program lokal STV. Tapi konten lokal ieu bakal benten sareng acara STV sateuacana, sahingga sabagean program STV nu lami bakal dileungitkeun.
Ngawitan 1 Februari 2014, STV gentos nami janten Kompas TV Jawa Barat.
Salah sawios slogan nu kapungkur, One Tune Hade, tiasa dihartian sacara harfiah nyaeta "hiji" tune/setelan (saluran) nu "hade" dina campuran Basa Inggris sareng Sunda. Nanging slogan ieu tiasa oge dihartian sacara pangucapan (wantun hade), nu hartosna dina basa Indonesia "berani tampil bagus".
Cagar Alam Pangandaran, Jawa Barat

Cagar Alam Pengandaran nyaéta cagar alam nu aya di Desa Pangandaran, Kec. Pangandaran, Kab. Pangandaran, Jawa Barat. Kawasan Cagar Alam Pangandaran nyaéta semenanjung leutik nu aya di basisir kidul Jawa Barat anu jadi wates basisir wétan jeung kulon Pangandaran.
Sajarah Kabentukna kawasan konsérvasi di Pangandaran dimimiti dina waktu Résiden Priangan (Y. Eycken) nu ngajabat dina taun 1922, kalawan ngusulkeun ngajadikeun kawasan perladangan jadi taman anyar, nu satuluyna dina taun 1934, Kawasan Pananjung Pangandaran seluas 457 ha dijadikeun Suaka Margasatwa dumasar ka GB No. 19 Stbl. 669. nu dikaluarkeun ku Director Van Scomishe Zoken, dina 7 Désémber 1934.
Dina taun 1961, aya Parobahan status kawasan ti Suka Margasatwa jadi Cagar Alam Pangandaran nu legana ± 457 ha dumasar ka SK Mentan No.34/KMP/1961, dina 20 April 1961 kalawan ditemukeunna kembang Rafflesia patma.
sairing ku kabutuhan masyarakat, kawasan nu legana 37,70 Ha ti Cagar Alam Pangandaran dijadikeun Taman Wisata Alam (TMA) anu dumasar ka Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor: 170/Kpts/Um/3/1978, dina 10 Oktober 1978 anu nyebabkeun luas kawasan Cagar Alam Pangandaran jadi 419,3 ha.
Music of Bali

The Music of Bali, Bali is an Indonesian island that shares in the gamelan and other Indonesian musical styles. Bali, however, has its own techniques and styles, including kecak, a form of singing that imitates the sound of monkeys. In addition, the island is home to several unique kinds of gamelan, including the gamelan jegog, gamelan gong gede, gamelan gambang, gamelan selunding and gamelan semar pegulingan, the cremation music angklung and the processional music bebonangan. Modern popular styles include gamelan gong kebyar, dance music which developed during the Dutch occupation and 1950s era joged bumbung, another popular dance style. In Balinese music you can also hear metallophones, gongs and xylophones.
Balinese music can be compared to Javanese music, especially that of the pre-Islamic period. During that time, Javanese tonal systems were imported to Bali.
Balinese gamelan, a form of Indonesian classical music, is louder, swifter and more aggressive than Sundanese and Javanese music. Balinese gamelan also features more archaic instrumentation than modern Sundanese and Javanese gamelans. Balinese instruments include bronze and bamboo xylophones. Gongs and a number of gong chimes, are used, such as the solo instrument trompong, and a variety of percussion instruments like cymbals, bells, drums and the anklung (a bamboo rattle). There are two sizes of bamboo flutes, both used in theatrical music, and a rebab (two-stringed spike fiddle).
Modern forms of Balinese gamelan include kebyar, an energetic style played by clubs, which generally compose their own music. An extensive study of gamelan gong kebyar is found in Gamelan Gong Kebyar: The Art of Twentieth-Century Balinese Music (2000) by Michael Tenzer, ISBN 0-226-79281-1 and ISBN 0-226-79283-8.
Saron (instrument)

The saron is a musical instrument of Indonesia, which is used in the gamelan. It normally has seven bronze bars placed on top of a resonating frame (rancak). It is usually about 20 cm (8 in) high, and is played on the floor by a seated performer. In a pelog scale, the bars often read 1-2-3-5-6-7 across (the number four is not used because of its relation to death) (in kepatihan numbering); for slendro, the bars are 6-1-2-3-5-6-1; this can vary from gamelan to gamelan, or even among instruments in the same gamelan. Slendro instruments commonly have only six keys. It provides the core melody (balungan) in the gamelan orchestra.
Sarons typically come in a number often sizes, from smallest to largest:
Each one of those is pitched an octave below the previous. The slenthem or slentho performs a similar function to the sarons one octave below the demung.
The sarons are struck with a mallet (tabuh). Typically the striking mallet is angled to the right to produce a fuller sound. Demung and saron barung generally use a wooden mallet, while the peking mallet is made of a water buffalo horn, which gives it a shriller sound. The other hand is used to dampen the previous note by grasping the key, in order to prevent a muddy sound. On repeated notes, the note is usually dampened half a beat before it is struck again.
The saron barung and demung usually play less often and more simple parts. These are the usual techniques for playing them:
Saron panerus has distinctive patterns which make it different from the other sarons. It usually plays more often, and keeps a constant beat going throughout a piece. Its playing techniques include:
The earliest known appearance of a single-octave saron is in a relief at Borobudur, from the 9th century. It was formerly supposed that the saron derived from the decomposition of the gambang gangsa, after it fell out of use. Mantle Hood rejected this hypothesis, and associates the preference for a single octave with the characteristic shape of the cadence in the pathet. There is no evidence that the gambang gangsa is older than the saron; indeed, it may be younger.
Gambang (instrument)

A gambang, properly called a gambang kayu ('wooden gambang') is a xylophone-like instrument used in Indonesian gamelan and kulintang ensembles. It has wooden bars (wilah) in contrast to the metallic ones of the more typical metallophones in a gamelan. A largely obsolete instrument, the gambang gangsa, is a similar instrument made with metal bars.
The bars of the instrument are made of a hardwood, often teak though many other species are used: ironwood (kayu besi), merbau (Borneo teak), jackfruit, ramin, rawan, Artocarpus species, etc. The bars are mounted on a deep wooden case that serves as a resonator. Instruments typically have 17-21 keys that are easily removed, and are kept in place by having a hole through which a nail is placed. Generally a full gamelan has two sets, one gambang pelog and the other one gambang slendro.
A pair of long thin mallets (tabuh), made of flexible water buffalo horn tipped with felt, are used to play the instrument. Gambangs are generally played in parallel octaves (gembyang). Occasionally, other styles of playing are employed such as playing kempyung, i.e. two notes separated by two keys. Unlike most other gamelan instruments, no dampening is required, as the internal damping is much greater than in the metal keys of other instruments.
The gambang is used in a number of gamelan ensembles. It is most notable in the Balinese gamelan Gambang. In Javanese wayang, it is used by itself to accompany the dalang in certain chants. Within a full gamelan, it stands out somewhat because of the high speed of playing, its contrasting timbre due to its materials, and its comaparatively wide melodic range.
In Javanese gamelan, the gambang plays cengkok like the other elaborating instruments. However, the repertoire of cengkok for the gambang is more rudimentary than for other instruments (for instance, the gendér), and a great deal of variation is accepted.
The gambang gangsa has a similar construction, although it generally has fewer keys (typically 15) and is thus somewhat smaller. It has largely been replaced by the saron family of instruments. It was formerly thought to have been a forerunner of the one-octave saron, although more recent evidence, including the appearance of the saron in reliefs at Borobudur in the 9th century, indicate that the instruments are of the same age or that the one-octave saron is older.
In early 19th century writings on the Javanese gamelan, it seems to have been played like the gambang kayu; that is, as an elaborating instrument. Later, by 1890, it seems to have merely substituted for a saron, and have been restricted to a small range. Mantle Hood associated this use of limited range to a preference for certain octave arrangements of the cadences in various pathet.
Bow Gamelan Ensemble

The Bow Gamelan Ensemble was a group of musicians in Bow, London, England, who used elements of gamelan music. Formed in 1983 by Richard Wilson with Paul Burwell and Anne Bean, the group disbanded in 1990. The ensemble created a theatrical experience, going beyond the normal definitions of music, and adapted their performances to the environment. They performed at Three Mills on the River Lea and many other novel venues.
List of gamelan ensembles in the United States

There are more than 100 gamelan groups in the United States. A gamelan is a musical ensemble from Indonesia, typically from the islands of Bali or Java, featuring a variety of instruments such as metallophones, xylophones, drums and gongs; bamboo flutes, bowed and plucked strings. Vocalists may also be included. The earliest appearance of a gamelan in the U.S. is considered to be at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893; this set of instruments is still at the Chicago Field Museum. The first academic program to include the playing of gamelan was established by Mantle Hood at UCLA in 1958.
There are actively performing gamelan groups in roughly two thirds of the states in the U.S., using instruments made in the Indonesian regions of Java, Bali, Sunda (West Java), Banyumas, and/or North America. Many schools, universities and other institutions in North America own sets of gamelan instruments, and there are increasing numbers of community-based ensembles as well.
The earliest directory of gamelan in North America was compiled by Barbara Benary in 1993 for Ear Magazine, which included 98 sets (not all with active players); since then the number has increased steadily.
Banjar, West Java

Banjar (Sundanese: ᮘᮔ᮪ᮏᮁ), is a city located in the east of West Java, Indonesia, on the border between West Java and Central Java. It was originally administered as part of Ciamis Regency, which surrounds it (except on the northeast side, where there is a common boundary with Central Java province, along the Tanduy River), but was split off to become an independent city on 11 December 2002. It covers a land area of 131.97 km, and had a population of 175,157 at the 2010 Census and 200,970 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 207,510 (comprising 104,152 males and 103,358 females). This city is also known as Banjar Patroman or Pataruman.
The city of Banjar is divided into four administrative districts (Indonesian: kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census and the 2020 census, together with the official estimate as at mid-2023. The table also includes the location of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 9 classed as urban kelurahan and 16 as rural desa), and its postal codes.
Notes: (a) comprising 3 kelurahan (Banjar, Mekarsari and Situbatu) and 4 desa. (b) comprising 2 kelurahan (Karangpanimbal and Purwaharja) and 2 desa. (c) comprising 2 kelurahan (Hegarsari and Pataruman) and 6 desa. (d) comprising 2 kelurahan (Bojongkantong and Muktisari) and 4 desa.
The currently non-operational train service between Banjar and Cijulang, with a length of 82.385 kilometers, gives a beautiful panorama along the track, including hills and a view of the sea from above Pangandaran. The track has several old stations with class I, II, and III categories, and has three tunnels (one of them, the Wilhemina tunnel, with a length of 1,116 metres, is the longest tunnel in Indonesia); it is also the longest (Cikacepit) bridge in Indonesia, with a length of 1,250 metres and a height of 100 metres above the ground. The rail authority has announced its intention to re-activate the train service and will restore Pangandaran and Cijulang stations while still keeping their original features.
Banjar has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy to very heavy rainfall year-round.
List of earthquakes in Indonesia

This is an incomplete list of more recent recorded major earthquakes that have occurred within the boundaries of Indonesia. The determinants of the activity are indicated by the geology of the region, and the volcanic activity.
Large numbers of earthquakes of smaller magnitude occur very regularly due to the meeting of major tectonic plates in the region. Based on the records of the USGS, Indonesia has had more than 150 earthquakes with magnitude > 7 in the period 1901–2019.
Juegos y deportes tradicionales

Juegos y deportes tradicionales es el nombre de una serie filatélica emitida por la Sociedad Estatal Correos y Telégrafos de España en el año 2008, dedicada a los principales juegos y deportes tradicionales practicados en el territorio español. En total fueron puestos en circulación 16 sellos en 8 fechas de emisión diferentes.
Tug of War (canción de Carly Rae Jepsen)

«Tug of War» es una canción de la cantante/compositor canadiense Carly Rae Jepsen, lanzado el 16 de septiembre de 2008 como el segundo sencillo de su álbum debut, Tug of War. La canción alcanzó el puesto número 36 en el Canadian Hot 100.
Un vídeo musical de la canción «Tug of War» fue subido al canal VEVO de Carly Rae Jepsen el 13 de julio de 2011 con una duración de tres minutos y veinte y seis segundos.​
Tug of War (canción)

«Tug of War» es una canción compuesta por el músico británico Paul McCartney y publicada en el álbum de estudio de 1982 Tug of War. La canción fue publicada como sencillo promocional del álbum y alcanzó el puesto 53 tanto en la lista británica UK Singles Chart como en la lista estadounidense Billboard Hot 100.​​
«Tug of War» fue publicado en formato vinilo de 7 pulgadas con la canción «Get It» como cara B. La revista musical Rolling Stone describió «Tug of War» como el equivalente de McCartney a la canción «Imagine» de John Lennon.​ La canción tiene una división entre versos que incluyen letras tristes sobre la lucha por la supervivencia y la necesidad del conflicto (referido con las palabras «pushing and pulling», que puede traducirse al español como: «Empujar y tirar») en contraposición a un estribillo esperanzador, en el que McCartney busca un futuro donde no sea necesaria la lucha.​
La publicación de «Tug of War» como sencillo fue acompañada de un videoclip que alterna imágenes de McCartney tocando la guitarra y haciendo mímica de la canción con imágenes del juego de la soga. El videoclip fue recopilado en el DVD de 2007 The McCartney Years.
Tug of War (álbum de Carly Rae Jepsen)

Tug of War es el álbum de estudio debut de la cantautora canadiense Carly Rae Jepsen, que quedó tercera en la quinta temporada de Canadian Idol.​ El álbum está producido por el productor discográfico y compositor canadiense Ryan Stewart. Inicialmente, el álbum fue lanzado de forma limitada en Canadá en el sello independiente MapleMusic Recordings a través de Fontana North el 30 de septiembre de 2008. Sin embargo, posteriormente fue editado por el sello canadiense 604 Records, tras el fichaje de Jepsen por el sello en 2011, incluyendo un lanzamiento digital en iTunes Store de Estados Unidos el 14 de junio. En 2013, el álbum se publicó en CD en Estados Unidos, a través de la distribución de Alliance Entertainment. En julio de 2015, el álbum fue lanzado en vinilo en Europa.
El sencillo principal del álbum, una versión de la canción de John Denver «Sunshine on My Shoulders»,​ fue lanzado en iTunes Store el 16 de junio de 2008. El segundo sencillo, «Tug of War», se publicó en iTunes Store el 16 de septiembre de 2008, y alcanzó el número 36 en el Canadian Hot 100. El vídeo musical se estrenó en enero de 2009. El tercer sencillo, «Bucket», alcanzó el número 32 en la lista Canadian Hot 100, y samplea la canción infantil «There's a Hole in My Bucket», cuyo vídeo musical se publicó en mayo de 2009. El cuarto y último sencillo del álbum fue «Sour Candy», que cuenta con la participación de Josh Ramsay de Marianas Trench en la versión sencillo. Ramsay también produjo esta última canción y es la única canción del álbum que no fue producida por el productor principal del álbum Ryan Stewart.
A 25 de junio de 2012, el álbum ha vendido 10.000 copias en Canadá.​
Todas las canciones escritas y compuestas por Carly Rae Jepsen y Ryan Stewart, excepto donde se indica. Todas las canciones son producidas por Ryan Stewart, excepto por "Sour Candy", producida por Josh Ramsay.
Créditos adaptados de Tidal.​
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País Vasco español

El País Vasco español o País Vasco sur (en vasco, Hegoalde o Hego Euskal Herria) es una denominación para el conjunto de los territorios españoles que conforman la comunidad autónoma del País Vasco y la Comunidad Foral de Navarra.​ Se trata de los cuatro territorios pertenecientes a España que en euskera se denominan Euskal Herria (también históricamente Vasconia), según la definición de la Real Academia de la Lengua Vasca. El término se contrapone al usado en dicho idioma para el País Vasco francés: Iparralde.
Al contrario que en francés, la expresión País Vasco español es poco utilizada en el español, pues los hablantes se refieren meramente al «País Vasco» o, en su caso, a Navarra. Algo similar ocurre en Francia, donde al País Vasco francés se le denomina simplemente Pays Basque (País Vasco). Todavía menos utilizada en español es la expresión «País Vasco sur». También se utiliza como sinónimo la denominación País Vasco peninsular (en contraposición a País Vasco continental).​
La denominación País Vasconavarro o País Vasco-Navarro ha sido, asimismo, utilizada en diferentes momentos históricos, como en el proyecto de Estatuto Vasco-Navarro de las Comisiones Gestoras de las Diputaciones durante la Segunda República Española​ para denominar al conjunto de estos territorios. Hoy en día algunas sociedades deportivas, médicas o empresariales aún conservan esta denominación y ámbito de actuación.​​​
En lengua vasca la denominación más formal o correcta es Hego Euskal Herria (País Vasco sur en español).
Uno de los lemas utilizados para expresar la existencia de intereses comunes entre las cuatro provincias, incluso antes del surgimiento del nacionalismo vasco, fue laurak bat, expresión idiomática que en vascuence significa «cuatro en una» o «unión de las cuatro».​
Euskadi Basque Country-Murias

Euskadi Basque Country-Murias (código UCI: EUS) fue un equipo ciclista profesional español de categoría Profesional Continental. Compitió por primera vez en la temporada 2015​ y tenía su sede en Echávarri-Viña.
En la temporada 2018 el equipo subió de categoría UCI y pasa a Continental Profesional (2.ª división) pudiendo participar mediante invitación en la Vuelta a España.​
En mayo de 2017, mediante un acto en el hotel Abando, los representantes del Murias Taldea, dieron a conocer que a partir de 2018 el equipo pasaría a formar parte de la categoría Profesional Continental.​​​ La noticia se hizo oficial en diciembre de 2017 cuando la UCI dio a conocer la lista de miembros en categoría Profesional Continental para 2018.​
Este hecho posibilitó que el equipo fuera invitado, de cara a la temporada 2018, a las siguientes carreras UCI World Tour: la Vuelta al País Vasco, la Clásica de San Sebastián y la Vuelta a España.​
En 2019 Murias Taldea y la Fundación Euskadi mantuvieron conversaciones acerca de una fusión de ambos equipos donde Murias se integrase al 50% dentro de la Fundación.​ Sin embargo, no llegaron a un acuerdo.
A final de temporada, a pesar de ganar una etapa en la Vuelta a España, la falta de nuevos patrocinadores abocó al equipo a la desaparición.​
El equipo usó en 2015, su primer año, bicicletas BH con componentes Shimano, bielas Rotor​ y ropa Bioracer.
Desde 2016 y hasta su disolución, usó bicicletas Orbea y ropa Kalas Sportswear.​
A partir de 2005 la UCI instauró los Circuitos Continentales UCI, donde el equipo está desde que se creó en 2015, registrado dentro del UCI Europe Tour. Las clasificaciones del equipo y de su ciclista más destacado son las siguientes:
Para años anteriores, véase Palmarés del Euskadi Basque Country–Murias Taldea
Para años anteriores, véase Plantillas del Euskadi Basque Country–Murias Taldea
The Spanish Recordings: Basque Country: Navarre

The spanish recordings: Basque Country: Navarre es una recopilación de canciones grabadas por Alan Lomax y Jeanette Bell en Navarra, de la serie The Spanish Recordings agrupadas posteriormente como recopilación en el disco World library of folk and primitive music vol. 4: Spain. Con grabaciones de distintas partes de España. Tras el inicio del Macarthismo Alan Lomax vino a Europa donde hizo una serie de grabaciones, en su estancia en España estuvo en distintos sitios, entre ellos en el Navarra, donde hizo la grabación de este disco
The Spanish Recordings: Basque Country: Biscay and Guipuzcoa

The spanish recordings: Basque Country: Biscay and Guipuzcoa es una recopilación de canciones grabadas por Alan Lomax y Jeanette Bell en el País Vasco, de la serie The spanish recordings agrupadas posteriormente como recopilación en el disco World library of folk and primitive music vol. 4: Spain con grabaciones de distintas partes de España. Tras el inicio del Macarthismo, Alan Lomax vino a Europa, donde hizo una serie de grabaciones. Durante su estancia en España estuvo en distintos sitios, entre ellos en el País Vasco, donde hizo la grabación de este disco.
Óscar Rodríguez Garaicoechea

Óscar Rodríguez Garaicoechea (Burlada, Navarra, 6 de mayo de 1995) es un ciclista español que compite con el equipo INEOS Grenadiers.
Debutó como profesional con el equipo Euskadi Basque Country-Murias en 2017​ donde estuvo como stagiaire un año antes.​ Como amateur destacó ganando la Vuelta a Palencia de 2016.​
Como profesional, su mayor éxito es su victoria en la 13.ª etapa de la Vuelta a España 2018, con final en La Camperona.​ Ese año logró también el 2.º puesto en la clasificación de los jóvenes de la Vuelta a Portugal.
Las temporadas de 2020 y 2021 militó en el equipo kazajo Astana.​ En septiembre de ese segundo año se hizo oficial su fichaje por el equipo navarro Movistar Team para las dos siguientes temporadas.​
—: no participa Ab.: abandono
Deporte nacional

Se considera deporte nacional a un deporte popular en un cierto país cuando este es parte intrínseca de la cultura del país. A pesar de que algunos países tienen un deporte nacional por ley, la mayoría de los países no lo tiene, pero tienen un deporte que es el más practicado, como por ejemplo el fútbol, que es el deporte más popular del mundo.
Los siguientes países tienen un deporte nacional por ley, la mayoría de estos deportes solo se practican en estos países y son parte de su cultura popular.
En los siguientes países no hay una ley que indique que el deporte sea considerado como deporte nacional, pero la gente y los medios de comunicación los ha declarado como tal debido a su popularidad.
En la mayoría de los países no existe un deporte nacional pero sí existe un deporte que es el más popular y practicado. Dicho deporte es el fútbol asociación, que es el más practicado en la mayoría de los países.
Ministro de Educación de España

El ministro de Educación, Formación Profesional y Deportes de España es el máximo responsable del Ministerio de Educación, Formación Profesional y Deportes. Como tal, es responsable de proponer y ejecutar la política del Gobierno de la Nación en materia educativa y de formación profesional del sistema educativo y para el empleo, así como las políticas deportivas.​ No le compete la política universitaria, que es responsabilidad del ministro de Ciencia.
España es un país altamente descentralizado en el que la educación pública está gestionada por las comunidades autónomas. Para coordinar la política educativa, el ministro de Educación preside la Conferencia Sectorial de Educación.
Dependen directamente del ministro de Educación los siguientes órganos de la Administración:​
El cargo fue creado en 1900 bajo la denominación de ministro de Instrucción Pública y Bellas Artes,​ denominación que mantuvo hasta 1936 cuando asumió competencias sanitarias denominándose ministro de Instrucción Pública y Sanidad hasta 1939. En el bando sublevado, durante la guerra civil se le denominó Comisario de Cultura y Enseñanza. Tras la guerra, se denominó ministro de Educación Nacional hasta 1968, cuando adquirió la denominación de ministro de Educación y Ciencia. Brevemente, entre 1979 y 1982 se denominó simplemente ministro de Educación, denominación que también tuvo entre 2009 y 2011. Otras denominaciones han sido ministro de Educación y Universidad, ministro de Educación y Cultura, ministro de Educación, Política Social y Deporte y ministro de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. La actual denominación la adoptó en 2018.​
Notas sobre las denominaciones de los Ministros:
El contenido de este artículo incorpora material publicado en el Boletín Oficial del Estado, que se encuentra en el dominio público de conformidad a lo dispuesto en el artículo 13 de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual española.