davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Diellevr Redon

Diellevr abati Redon zo un dastumad kartaoù a ya eus fin an VIII kantved betek an XII kantved hag a zo a-bouez-bras evit Istor Breizh. Miret eo diellevr Redon e Diellaoueg istorel eskopti Roazhon hag adembannet eo bet div wezh, e 1863 hag e 1998-2004 (sellet ouzh al levrlennadur).
Kavout a reer el levr-se eilennoù gwiriet eus titloù perc'henniezh Abati Sant-Salver Redon war he font. Diazezet e oa bet ar manati e Redon (e departamant Il-ha-Gwilun hiziv) e 832 gant Konwoion dindan gwarez Nevenoe, Roue Breizh. Kroget e oad gant ar gwiriekadur en eil hanterenn an XI kantved, dindan an abad Aumod (1062-†1083). Daou eus an eilskriverien o deus skrivet o anv : Judikael ha Gwegon.
En diellevr ez eus 391 akta e latin, war 147 parchenn, dezhe 375 mm uhelder ha 275 led. Skrivet eo an anvioù e henvrezhoneg, re an testoù niverus a gaver e traoñ pep akta peurgetket.
Tennañ a ra ar c'hartaoù d'an domanioù pe d'an douaroù un tamm e pep lec'h e Breizh. Un niver bras anezhe a denn da vadoù a zo bodet e traoñienn ar Gwilun, e reter ar Morbihan a hiziv hag e kornôg al Liger-Atlantel a vremañ.
An teul-mañ zo ur vammenn a ditouroù a-bouez-bras evit anavezout istor Breizh er Grennamzer, er Grennamzer uhelañ peurgetket, hag ivez he zoponimiezh hag an anvioù-familh eus ar vro. Ar meneger savet gant ar yezhoniour Bernard Tanguy a vod 2100 anv den hag 800 anv-lec'h, hep kontañ an adstummoù.
Un teul all a vez anvet a-wezhioù "Diellevr bihan Redon". N'eus ennañ nemet teir follenn diwar ar 14 a oa c'hoazh e 1840. Dastumet e oa bet en eil hanterenn an XII kantved. Miret zo unan eus ar follennoù e maerdi Redon, hag an div all e Levraoueg Vroadel Bro-C'hall.
Samzun ha Dalila (Rubens)

Samzun ha Dalila zo un daolenn gant al livour flandrezat meur Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640). Graet eo bet etre 1609 ha 1610.
Savet eo an daolenn diwar un darvoud meneget en Testamant Kozh, istor Samzun ha Dalila (Judges 16). Orgedet eo Samzun ouzh Dalila ha kontañ a ra dezhi pelec'h emañ sekred e nerzh: en e vlev hir emañ.
Poltredet eo ar mare ma van Samzun kousket war barlenn e zousig Dalila, ha ma krog ar plac'h da droc'hañ blev an haroz. Goude-se eo aes d'ar Filistined, a welomp en tu dehou, en diadreñv, dont da gerc'hat o enebour gwanaet.
Er c'hustod a-dreñv Dalila e weler delwenn Gwener, doueez ar garantez, hag he mab Kupidon, da skeudenniñ planedenn ar paourkaezh Samzun.
Ar vaouez kozh e-kichen n'eus ket meneg anezhi er Bibl. Hi an hini he deus graet bazhvalan marteze. Gallout a ra ivez aroueziañ dazont Dalila.
Urzhiet e oa bet an daoolenn gant Nicolaas Rockox, alderman of Antwerp, Belgia, da lakaat en e di.
Pa varvas Rockox e 1640 e voe gwerzhet, eventually forming part of the Liechtenstein Collection in Vienna, Austria, in the eighteenth century, along with another Rubens masterpiece, Massacre of the Innocents.
Gwerzhet e voe an daolenn e 1980 e Christies, prenet gant National Gallery Londrez, evit $5 milion. Eno e c'haller he gwelout.
Un tamm arvar zo bet diwar-benn piv e oa an hini en devoa livet an daolenn, Rubens pe unan all. [1] [2] [3]
Radio Kerne

Ur Skingomz brezhonek eus Bro-Gerne eo Radio Kerne. Savet e oa e 1998.
Radio Kerne zo ur radio kevredigezhel brezhonek. E Ploneiz emañ, tre e-kichenn Kemper. Skignet en doa evit ar wech kentañ e 1998 ha bremañ gant e dri frekañs ez a da skignañ war ul lodenn vat eus departamant Penn ar Bed. 5 den a zo implijet gant ar gevredigezh. Krouet eo bet Radio Kerne da heul kinnigoù Kuzul Sevenadurel Breizh a-fed ar radio. E bal, ouzhpenn skignañ war Kerne a oa, hag a chom atav, reiñ da glevet d'ar re a faot dezho abadennoù brezhoneg pa garont e Kerne hag e lec'h all. Ar pal-se a zo stag eus ar soñj labourat asambles gant ar radioioù brezhoneg all. Kinnig a reont 60 eurvezh abadennoù e brezhoneg bep sizhun, evit ar re vras hag ar re vihan. Ur program liesseurt, gant keleier, reportajoù, kronikoù hag abadennoù farsus. Ul lodenn vras eus an abadennoù-se a vez eskemmet pe kenbroduet gant ar radioioù brezhonek all (Arvorig FM, Radio Kreiz Breizh, Radio Bro Gwened). Brudet eo e brogram sonerezh a lak war-wel arzourien eus ar vro hag a chom digor war ar bed a-bezh war an dro.
E 1994 e tibab un nebeud tud en em vodañ dre ma 'z int aet skuizh gant an diouer a vrezhoneg er servij publik. Sevel a reont raktres ur skingomz kevredigezhel e brezhoneg penn-da-benn. Loc'het e vo gant radio Kerne e 1998, gant ar frekañs 90.2 hepken. Staliet e oa ar skipailh tud a youl vat en ur burev e ti-kêr Ploneiz er pennkentañ. E 2007 ez eus meur a cheñchamant evit ar radio. Un trede frekañs a dapont (97.5) ha prestet e vez dezho ur savadur nevez, gant ur gwir studio labour, gant ti-kêr Ploneiz
Hiziv an deiz ez eus pemp implijad e Radio Kerne, 4 anezho a ra al lodenn komzet hag egile a ra war-dro an teknik hag ar sonerezh. Ha gallout a reer selaou ar radio war-eeun adalek o lec'hienn internet.
Emañ ar skinpeul e Ploneiz.
Chomlec'h : Radio Kerne, Ti an Dourigoù, 57 straed laeneg 29710 Ploneiz
Pellgomz : 02 98 91 05 00
Teir frekañs a zo gant Radio Kerne :
Quimper–Bretagne Airport

Quimper–Bretagne Airport (French: Aéroport de Quimper-Bretagne) (IATA: UIP, ICAO: LFRQ), formerly known as Quimper–Cornouaille Airport (French: Aérodrome de Quimper Cornouaille) and Quimper–Pluguffan Airport (French: Aérodrome de Quimper Pluguffan), is an airport located in Pluguffan and 5.5 km southwest of Quimper, both communes of the Finistère department in the Brittany region of France.
As of 30 March 2024, there is no regular commercial airline service at Quimper airport.
Commercial service started in the 1960s with Air Inter flights to Paris-Orly. Most recently, the airport had been served by Chalair Aviation with flights to Orly until 24 November 2023.
Media related to Quimper–Cornouaille Airport at Wikimedia Commons
Tewdwr Mawr

Tewdwr Mawr (Breton for "Theodore the Great"; Cornish: Teudar Maur or Teudaric; Welsh: Tewdr; Latin: Theodorus; French: Thierry; mid-6th century) was an early medieval king in Armorica (now Cornouaille, France) and Cornwall.
Tewdwr was a member of the royal family of Cornouaille in Armorica. His father was Hoel, who figured in Welsh mythology about the Matter of Britain and Tristan and Iseult. While Tewdwr was still young, his grandfather Budic II was overthrown and forced into exile at the court of Aergol Lawhir of Dyfed. Budic successfully restored himself in the 540s but Hoel seems to have predeceased him. The king attempted to protect his succession by negotiating with a neighbouring ruler, Macliau of the Veneti, so that whichever lived longer would protect the young heir of the other. Upon Budic's death, however, Macliau invaded and annexed Cornouaille (r. c. 544–577).
Tewdwr fled to Cornwall and ruled over Penwith from Carnsew near the mouth of the Hayle River. He became infamous for his hostile reaction to Irish missionaries. He opposed Breage's mission (although Sabine Baring-Gould placed its arrival around 500), first compelling them to land at Reyvier instead of Carnsew and then later martyring several of its members, including Ia of Cornwall; Saint Gwinear met with a similar fate, being thrown with his followers into a pit of reptiles.
After decades of exile, Tewdwr returned to Brittany and defeated Macliau and his oldest son Jacob in 577. He permitted Macliau's younger son Waroc to rule around Vannes.
Having made martyrs of the Irish missionaries he opposed, Tewdwr became so infamous for his oppression that he began to appear in the hagiographies of saints he could not possibly have known, such as the 4th-century Meriasek. The early 6th-century Saint Kea supposedly protected a deer Tewdwr was hunting; losing his oxen in retaliation, the saint simply yoked the wild animal to plow his fields. Koch suggests that Tewdwr's appearances in Cornish literature—particularly the Tudor dramas Beunans Meriasek and Bewnans Ke—were satirical treatments of Henry VII of England following his suppression of the Cornish rebellion of 1497.
Lavoir

A lavoir (French pronunciation: [lavwaʁ] , wash-house) is a public place set aside for the washing of clothes. Communal washing places were common in Europe until industrial washing was introduced, and this process in turn was replaced by domestic washing machines and by self-service laundries (British English: laundrette; American English: laundromat) The English word is borrowed from the French language, which also uses the expression bassin public, "public basin".
Lavoirs were built from the seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries. With Baron Haussmann's redesign of Paris in the 1850s, a free lavoir was established in every neighbourhood, and government grants encouraged municipalities across France to construct their own. Lavoirs are more common in certain areas, such as around the Canal du Midi.
Lavoirs are commonly sited on a spring or set over or beside a river. Many lavoirs are provided with roofs for shelter. With the coming of piped water supplies and modern drainage, lavoirs have been steadily falling into disuse although a number of communities have restored ancient lavoirs, some of which date back to the 10th century.
There are also bateaux-lavoirs ("laundry boats") in some towns on the banks of large rivers such as Paris and Lyon.
Lavatorium

A lavatorium (plural lavatoria), also anglicised as laver and lavatory, was the communal washing area in a monastery, particularly in medieval abbeys and cathedral cloisters. Monks were required to wash before meals; thus the lavatorium was typically adjacent to the refectory.
All monastic orders required handwashing before meals. A lavatorium was therefore provided near the refectory, either against one wall of the cloister with a long trench basin, or as a free-standing building with a circular or octagonal basin in the centre. An example of the first type, dating to the 14th century, survives at Gloucester Cathedral, and has a towel cupboard nearby. At Durham Cathedral, the lavatorium was a square building with a circular basin which was replaced in 1432–33 with one of marble. At Wenlock Priory, the octagonal lavatorium, now ruined, was decorated with late-12th-century carved panels including one of Jesus with the apostles at the Sea of Galilee. There were sometimes taps; at Wenlock Priory, the water spouted from animal heads mounted on the central pillar.
Running water was supplied in lead pipes, and where there were taps they were bronze, although in most cases in England metal fittings have been removed since the dissolution of the monasteries. The monks' towels were kept nearby in cupboards called aumbries (derived from the Latin armarium or from Medieval Latin almarium). The Refectorian was responsible for keeping the lavatorium clean and ensuring it contained sand and a whetstone for the monks to sharpen their knives, and for changing the towels twice a week.
Péruwelz

Péruwelz (French: [pe.ʁ(y)we] or [pɛʁ.we]; Picard: Piérwé [pi.eˈʀwe]; Walloon: Perwé-e-Hinnot) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.
On 1 January 2018 Péruwelz had a total population of 17,113. The total area is 60.56 km which gives a population density of 280 inhabitants per km.
This municipality is more specifically situated in Western Hainaut, also called Picardy Wallonia. Péruwelz is also near France, near the cities of "Condé-sur-l'Escaut", "Vieux Condé", "Hergnies", and is near the forest of Bon-Secours, the location of the castle of (l')Hermitage.
Louis Constant Wairy, chief valet of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Published elaborate Memoirs, relating his experiences at the French Imperial Court.
The current municipality of Péruwelz was formed in 1977 when the following ten municipalities were joined:
The municipality also includes these villages:
Péruwelz has a number of natural springs:
Certain springs are not potable, tests are performed every day.
Lower Brittany

Lower Brittany (Breton: Breizh-Izel; French: Basse-Bretagne) denotes the parts of Brittany west of Ploërmel, where the Breton language has been traditionally spoken, and where the culture associated with this language is most prolific. The name is in distinction to Upper Brittany, the eastern part of Brittany, which is of a predominantly Romance culture.
The words "upper" and "lower" in the names of Upper and Lower Brittany refer to the relative positions of the capital. In the case of Brittany, Nantes and Rennes have both been the capital of the ancient province called Brittany. Other French regions are also divided into Lower (Bas or Basse) and Upper (Haut or Haute) parts - for example Lower Normandy, Basse-Lorraine, and Bas-Poitou. However, the French word "bas" is often understood as carrying negative connotations, implying "inferior in status". The Breton name of Lower Brittany, "Breizh Izel", is used in many Breton songs sung in French of the 19th and 20th centuries, perhaps because the Breton word "Izel" has no such negative connotations.
Having been based on linguistic areas, the dividing line corresponds very roughly to administrative borders. It had already been established by the 14th century and has changed only slightly since, hand in hand with the pushing back of the Breton language.
In 1588, the historian Bertrand d'Argentré defined the border as running from the outskirts of Binic southwards down to Guérande, leaving the communes of Loudéac, Josselin, and Malestroit in Upper Brittany. In 1886, Paul Sébillot moved the frontier deeper into what had been Breton speaking territory, the line then running from Plouha to Batz-sur-Mer. Maps in the 17th century favour the latter.
In French
King Leodegrance

King Leodegrance /ˈliːoʊdɪɡræns/, sometimes Leondegrance, Leodogran, or variations thereof, is the father of Queen Guinevere in Arthurian legend. His kingdom of Cameliard (or Carmelide) is usually identified with Cornwall but may be located in Breton Cornouaille near the town of Carhaix-Plouguer, which is the Carhaise of L'Histoire de Merlin (13th century).
Leodegrance had served Uther Pendragon, King Arthur's biological father and regnal predecessor. Leodegrance was entrusted with the keeping of the Round Table at Uther's death. When Guinevere marries Arthur, Leodegrance gives the young king the table as a wedding present. In later romance Leodegrance is one of the few kings who accept Arthur as his overlord. For this, his land is invaded by the rebel king Rience, but Arthur comes to his rescue and expels the enemy. Arthur meets Guinevere for the first time during this excursion, and they develop a love that eventually results in their fateful marriage.
According to the Lancelot-Grail prose cycle, Leodegrance fathered a second daughter out of wedlock; he also names this child Guinevere. The "False Guinevere" later treacherously convinces Arthur's court that she is his real wife and her sister is an impostor, forcing the real queen and her lover Lancelot into hiding with their friend Galehaut. Guinevere eventually returns and reclaims her throne.
In Welsh mythology, the father of Gwenhwyfar (Guinevere) is the giant Ogyruan/Ogyrvan or Gogyrfan, who is mentioned in a number of Middle Welsh texts.
Leodegrance was portrayed by Patrick Stewart in the 1981 film Excalibur and by Daragh O'Malley in the 2011 television series Camelot.
Festival de Cornouaille

The Festival de Cornouaille (French pronunciation: [fɛstival də kɔʁnwaj]) is an annual festival taking place in Quimper in the Cornouaille region of Brittany, France. The festival begins on the third Sunday of July and lasts for one week. It has been held since 1923 and is one of the biggest cultural events in Brittany.
The festival puts forward the Breton culture in its diversity and its richness. About 180 shows, concerts and animations take place in the day and in the evening in the urban heart of the city of Quimper: "a festival in the heart of a city and a culture".
The festival was founded in 1923 as a sort of beauty contest. The idea was to choose the most beautiful girl in the region and crown her queen of the festival (hence the name Fête des Reines). The Breton bards Taldir-Jaffrenou and Botrel were present, as were the folk dancers of Plozévet. After the pageant, there was a dinner for 300 guests, accompanied by piano and violin, and the festival ended with a grand ball, where the gavotte was mixed with the Charleston. The festival continued in this form until 1947.
The festival was not held during the Second World War but was revived after the end of Nazi occupation in 1945. In 1947, the Fête des Reines was renamed Les grandes Fêtes de Cornouaille. The first Fêtes was a four-hour folk festival, focusing on the Breton tradition.
In 1948, a 16-year-old girl was elected festival queen, provoking criticism from the Roman Catholic Church. As a result, in 1949 the practice of electing a festival queen was abandoned, and the festival changed to emphasize local folklore. In the same year the festival was expanded from one day into one week. Since the 1950s, the festival has developed into a Welsh Eisteddfod-inspired celebration of Breton culture, language, literature, and music.
In 1992, the famous guitarist Dan Ar Braz, a native of Quimper, was asked to organize the festival's music. This resulted in the Héritage des Celtes project, which brought together seventy Celtic musicians. This collaboration resulted in a number of albums under the name "Heritage des Celtes".
47°59′48″N 4°05′47″W﻿ / ﻿47.9967°N 4.0964°W﻿ / 47.9967; -4.0964
Country Life (magazine)

Country Life (stylised in all caps) is a British weekly perfect-bound glossy magazine, launched in 1897, that is published by Future plc. It was based in London at 110 Southwark Street until 2016, when moved to Farnborough, Hampshire. In 2022, the magazine moved back to London at 121–141 Westbourne Terrace, Paddington.
Country Life was launched in 1897, incorporating Racing Illustrated. At this time it was owned by Edward Hudson, the owner of Lindisfarne Castle and various Lutyens-designed houses including The Deanery in Sonning; in partnership with George Newnes Ltd (in 1905 Hudson bought out Newnes).
At that time golf and racing served as its main content, as well as the property coverage, initially of manorial estates, which is still such a large part of the magazine. Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the late Queen Mother, used to appear frequently on its front cover. Now the magazine covers a range of subjects, from gardens and gardening to country house architecture, art and books, and property to rural issues, luxury products and interiors.
In 1997, the centenary of the magazine was celebrated by a special issue, the publishing of a book by Roy Strong, the broadcast of a BBC2 TV programme on a year in the life of the magazine, and staging a Gold Medal-winning garden at the Chelsea Flower Show. In 1999, the magazine launched a new website.
In 2007, the magazine celebrated its 110th anniversary with a special souvenir issue on 4 January. Since May 2008 the magazine has been issued each Wednesday, having been on sale each Thursday for the past 111 years.
The first several dozen pages of each issue are devoted to colour advertisements for upmarket residential property
The magazine covers various aspects of rural life. It is primarily concerned with rural communities and their environments as well as the concerns of country dwellers and landowners and has a diverse readership which, although mainly UK based is also international.
The other rural pursuits and interests covered include hunting, shooting, farming, equestrian news and gardening and there are regular news and opinion pieces as well as rural politics. There are reviews of books, food and wine, art and architecture and antiques and crafts. Illustrative material includes the Tottering-by-Gently cartoon by Annie Tempest.
Recent feature articles have included Charles, Prince of Wales guest-editing an issue of Country Life in 2013, a historic revelation which revealed the true face of Shakespeare for the first time in 2015, and in 2016 an exclusive on where the Great Fire of London began in 1666. There was a special commemorative issue in June 2016 on the occasion of the Queen's 90th birthday.
In March 2016, Country Life was featured in a three-part documentary series produced by Spun Gold which aired on BBC2 called Land of Hope and Glory, British Country Life.
Deputy editors:
Architectural editors [dates as architectural writer]:
Gardens editors:
(earlier versions cited Fred Whitsey as a gardens editor, but he was a distinguished contributor only, being in fact the Editor of sister publication Popular Gardening)
Staff architectural photographers:
France profonde

La France profonde ("Deep France") is a phrase that denotes the existence of "deep" and profoundly "French" aspects in the culture of French provincial towns, of French village life and rural agricultural culture, which escape the "dominant ideologies" (Michel Dion's expression) and the hegemony of Paris (as well as other major cities).
The term was made more familiar to Anglophone readers as a result of Dion's 1988 radical critique La France profonde, predicting a union of de-communised socialism with a reformed Catholic Church. Although he used the historical regions of Lorraine and Mayenne as examples in his book, the term can be applied more widely. It was further popularised in Celia Brayfield's Deep France: A Writer's Year in La France profonde (2004) retitled in paperback Deep France: A Writer's Year in the Béarn. "Deep France" is seen to be profoundly localist in outlook and to be receding in the face of international mass culture. The term remains used in national politics, especially since the first election of Emmanuel Macron as President of France, which led to the subsequent yellow vests movement, which demanded, among other goals, an improved standard of living and improved government services for rural areas.
Albert Kahn's photographic and cinematographic studies at the beginning of the 20th century possibly for the first time helped depict French provincial life and in doing so gave some vision into "Deep France".
LSU Rural Life Museum

The LSU Rural Life Museum is а museum of Louisiana history in Baton Rouge, US. It is located in the Burden Museum and Gardens, a 400-acre (1,600,000 m) agricultural research experiment station, and is operated under the aegis of Louisiana State University. As a state with a diverse cultural ancestry, Louisiana has natives of French, Spanish, Native American, German, African, Acadian, and Anglo American heritage. Guided tours are available for groups of ten or more and must be booked in advance.
The Rural Life Museum commemorates the contributions made by its various cultural groups through interpretive programs and events throughout the year. The main portion of the museum is outdoors and consists of homes and outbuildings built in the 18th and 19th centuries. This portion of the museum is divided into three areas.
Additionally, the Barn, an interior warehouse open to the public, houses numerous artifacts from the 19th and early 20th centuries that were utilized in the common life rituals of individuals in rural regions of the state. There is a large collection of farming equipment, tools, furnishings and utensils. The barn was moved to its present site from the Stoker House property in Sabine Parish, Louisiana after it was donated in 1999.
Windrush gardens and a gift shop are on the grounds and open year-round except for major holidays.
30°24′42″N 91°06′57″W﻿ / ﻿30.4116°N 91.1157°W﻿ / 30.4116; -91.1157
List of monarchs of Brittany

This is a list of monarchs of the Duchy of Brittany. In different epochs the sovereigns of Brittany were kings, princes, and dukes. The Breton ruler was sometimes elected, sometimes attained the position by conquest or intrigue, or by hereditary right. Hereditary dukes were sometimes a female ruler, carrying the title duchesse of Brittany. Its principal cities and regions were ruled by counts who often found themselves in conflict with the Breton ruler, or who became the Breton ruler.
During the declining years of the Roman Empire, the earliest Breton rulers in Gaul were styled "kings" of the small realms of Cornouaille and Domnonée. Some such kings may have had a form of hegemony over all of the Brythonic populations in the Armorican peninsula, and Riothamus is called King of the Britons by the chronicler Jordanes. However, there are no certain rulers of the whole of Brittany, which was divided into the fiefdoms of local counts.
The Duchy of Brittany had its origins in the Battle of Trans-la-Forêt of 939, which established the river Couesnon as the boundary between Brittany and Normandy. In 942, Alan II paid homage to Louis IV of France; however, the duchy did not gain royal attention until 1123, when Louis VI of France confirmed the bishop of Nantes. No other Duke of Brittany repeated Alan II's homage until Arthur I recognised Philip II of France as his liege in 1202.
The area was often called a Duchy, and its monarchs were considered independent Sovereign Dukes. However, one historical view is that before the middle of the 12th century the Dukes of Brittany were often also called Counts by the Kings of France, as the kingdom of France then saw Brittany as no more than a county. In 1297, the peninsula was elevated into a Duchy in the peerage of France. This view is not consistent with the manner in which Charles VIII of France and then Louis XII of France approached the Duchy and the rights of Anne of Brittany who married each in succession.
The succession was interrupted by the Viking occupation (913–937)
Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany, eldest daughter of Geoffrey and Constance and full elder sister of Arthur, also unmarried, was prevented from succession by her imprisonment in England which lasted till her death in 1241, thus was merely a titular duchess from 1208 to 1214 when John, King of England ceased to support her claim.
Establishing shot

An establishing shot in filmmaking and television production sets up, or establishes, the context for a scene by showing the relationship between its important figures and objects. It is generally a long or extreme-long shot at the beginning of a scene indicating where, and sometimes when, the remainder of the scene takes place.
Establishing shots were more common during the classical era of filmmaking than they are now. Today's filmmakers tend to skip the establishing shot in order to move the scene along more quickly, or merely mention the setting in on-screen text (as is done in the Law & Order franchise). In addition, the expositional nature of the shot may be unsuitable to scenes in mysteries, where details are intentionally obscured or left out.
Uchaguzi nchini Kenya

Uchaguzi Mkuu nchini Kenya hufanyika baada ya kila miaka mitano. Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni. Kenya imekuwa ikikumbwa na mizozo wakati wa uchaguzi, kwa mfano shuhudio la uchaguzi wa urais mnamo 2007. Ingawa mfumo wa vyama vingi ulianzishwa nchini mnamo 1992 na licha ya nchi hii kufanya uchaguzi tangu 1962, bado kuna matatizo makubwa ya taasisi za kisiasa ambayo huifanya hali kuwa vigumu kumaliza uchaguzi bila mizozo. .
Kenya hufdanya uchaguzi wa kitaifa, huku ikimchagua Kiongozi wa Nchi ambaye ni Rais na pia baraza la wabunge. Rais huchaguliwa na raia kwa kipindi cha miaka mitano. Bunge lina wabunge 224, 210 kati yao waliochaguliwa na raia kutoka katika kila jimbo la Uchaguzi kwa kipindi cha miaka mitano. 12 ni wabunge wateule.
Baada ya majadiliano na serikali ya Ukoloni ya Britain mnamo 1963, Serikali iliruhusu mfumo wa ‘’Kura moja kwa kila mmoja’’ mnamo 1963. Uchaguzi wa kwanza uliisha taratibu huku Jomo Kenyatta akichaguliwa kama Waziri Mkuu wa kwanza wa Kenya mnamo 1963. Mwaka uliofuata, chama chake cha KANU ilihariri katiba ya Kenya kumfanya Kenyatta Rais wa kwanza wa Kenya Chini ya uongozi wake, ushindani uliisha pole pole wakati vyama vya kisiasa vyote viliungana na, au kudhulumiwa na chama tawala cha KANU. ).. Hii ilipelekea kuundwa kwa mfumo wa chama kimoja nchini mnamo hata baada ya kifo cha Jomo Kenyatta mnamo 1978. Kenya iligeuzwa rasmi kuwa nchi ya chama kimoja cha Kisiasa mnamo 1982 kufuatia mabadiliko ya katiba. Baada ya maandamano ya Saba Saba mnamo 1990, KANU ilijikunja na kuanza mikakati ya kurekebisha mfumo wa kisiasa. Mnamo 1992, kipengele ambacho kilikuwa kimeifanya Kenya kuwa na mfumo wa Chama Kimoja kilifutwa na Kenya ikarejea kuwa na Mfumo wa Vyama Vingi.. Uchaguzi wa kwanza chini ya mfumo huo ulifanyika mnamo 1992 huku wa pili ukifanyika mnamo 1997. Katiba ya Kenya haikuwa imerekebishwa kutosha ili kuendeha mfumo huu. Hata hivyo, mnamo 2002, shughuli za uchaguzi zilitajwa kuwa za haki na huru na Jamii ya Kimaataifa, huku KANU ilkipokeza mamlaka kwa chama cha National Rainbow Coalition (NARC)
Kamusi Kuu ya Kiswahili

Kamusi Kuu ya Kiswahili (KKK) ni kamusi ya lugha ya Kiswahili iliyotolewa na Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa la Tanzania mwaka 2015 baada ya maandalizi ya miaka minne.
Toleo hilo limechapishwa na kusambazwa na Longhorn. Mwaka 2017 ilipatikana pia kama app ya android kwa ajili ya mitambo ya simujanja.
Watoto wa mitaani

Watoto wa mitaani ni watoto ambao wamekosa makazi bora, malazi na mavazi kutoka kwa wazazi au walezi wao. Jambo hilo limesababisha kutokuwa na mahali maalumu pa kuishi.
Idadi yao duniani hukadiriwa kuwa milioni mia moja hivi.
Kuwa mtoto wa mitaani husababishwa na ugomvi wa wazazi ambao hatimaye hutengana; hapo mtoto hukosa haki na mahitaji yake ya msingi. Mtoto huona bora akaishi mtaani ili aweze kufanya japo kazi ndogo aweze kupata mahitaji yake.
Pengine hutokana na vifo vya wazazi wote wawili, ambapo baadhi yao hutengwa na ndugu na kukosa mahali pa kwenda.
Kuna wakati watoto hao hukosa chakula, hivyo huona bora aibe ili apate kula. Wengine huingia kwenye makundi ya uuzaji wa madawa ya kulevya na ujambazi.
Jamii inatakiwa ichukue jukumu la kuwasaidia watoto haO ili kuwaepusha na mambo hayo. Sisi sote kama jamii tunatakiwa tuliangalie suala hilo kwa umakini kwa usaidizi wa serikali; jukumu hili ni la kila mtu.
Ingawa serikali nyingine zimetekeleza mipango ya kukabiliana na matatizo ya watoto wa mitaani, mpaka sasa suluhisho la jumla linahusisha kuwaweka katika makazi ya mayatima, nyumba za vijana, au taasisi za marekebisho.
Huko Kolombia, serikali imejaribu kutekeleza mipango ya kuweka watoto hawa katika nyumba zinazoendeshwa na serikali, lakini jitihada hizo zimeshindwa kwa kiasi kikubwa, na watoto wa mitaani wamekuwa kundi la watu walioathiriwa na ukatili wa Polisi na Usalama wa Taifa, kwa sababu, wanadhani ni watumiaji wa madawa ya kulevya na wahalifu.
Katika Australia, majibu ya msingi kwa wasio na makazi ni Programu ya Usaidizi wa Makazi ya Usaidizi (SAAP). Mpango huo ni mdogo kwa ufanisi wake. Inakadiriwa moja kati ya vijana wawili ambao wanatafuta kitanda kutoka SAAP hugeuzwa kwa sababu huduma zimejaa.
Jitihada za kufaa zaidi zimefanywa na serikali mbalimbali kusaidia au kushirikiana na mashirika yasiyo ya serikali.
Eric Njuguna

Eric Damien Njuguna (alizaliwa mnamo 2003) ni mwanaharakati wa mambo ya hali ya hewa kutoka Kenya.
Njuguna alianza harakati zake za mambo ya hali ya hewa mnamo 2017 baada ya ukame mkubwa Nairobi kuathiri usambazaji wa maji katika shule yao, kwa kushirikiana na kundi la Zero Hour na kisha Fridays for Future Kenya.
Funguvisiwa la Lamu

Funguvisiwa la Lamu ni kundi la visiwa katika Bahari Hindi mbele ya pwani ya Kenya kaskazini ambavyo ni sehemu ya Kaunti ya Lamu, Kenya.
Visiwa vikubwa ni Pate, Manda na Lamu. Visiwa vidogo ni pamoja na Kiwayu na Manda Toto.
Mji mkubwa zaidi ni Lamu kwenye Kisiwa cha Lamu. Mji huu uko katika orodha ya Urithi wa dunia ya UNESCO.
Funguvisiwa la Lamu lina sehemu mbalimbali zenye mabaki muhimu ya kiakiolojia kutoka vyanzo vya utamaduni wa Waswahili kama vile Takwa na mji wa Manda halafu Shanga, Pate.
Kuna taarifa ya kwamba jahazi za kundi la meli la Zheng He zilizama karibu na Lamu mnamo mwaka 1415. Mabaharia wa jahazi hizi walibaki kwenye visiwa na kuoa wanawake wa huko. Uchunguzi wa DNA wa wenyeji umethibitisha kuwepo kwa damu ya Kichina.
2°06′12″S 41°01′14″E﻿ / ﻿2.10333°S 41.02056°E﻿ / -2.10333; 41.02056
Waogiek

Waogiek (kwa jina lingine Waokiek au Waakiek, ingawa jina Akiek hutambulisha hasa tawi mojawapo la kabila hilo; waliitwa pia Wandorobo -tar. chini-), ni kabila la Waniloti linalopatikana kaskazini magharibi mwa Tanzania, kusini mwa Kenya (kwenye Msitu wa Mau), na magharibi mwa Kenya (kwenye msitu wa Mlima Elgon).
Mnamo mwaka wa 2000 idadi ya Waogiek ilikadiriwa kuwa 36,869, ingawa waongeaji wa lugha ya Kiakiek, mojawapo ya lugha za Kiniloti, walibaki kuwa takribani watu 500 tu . Waogiek wengi wamebadilisha lugha zao hadi zile za wakazi wanaowazunguka: Waakiek kaskazini mwa Tanzania kwa sasa wanaongea lugha ya Kimaasai nao Waakiek walio Kinare,Kenya, wanaongea lugha ya Kikikuyu.
Waogiek ni baadhi ya kundi la makabila walio wawindaji-wakusanyaji nchini Kenya na Tanzania ambao kwao jina Dorobo or Ndorobo (jina lenye asili ya Kimaasai ambalo kwa sasa linachukuliwa kama tusi) limetumika.
Waogiek mara nyingi wametoa malalamiko yao dhidi ya serikali ya Kenya kwa kutoshughulikiwa matakwa yao, haswa kwa kunyang'anywa mashamba yao kwa njia haramu.
Bethwell Allan Ogot

Bethwell Allan Ogot ni mwanahistoria wa Kenya na mwanazuoni mashuhuri wa Kiafrika ambaye amebobea katika historia ya Kiafrika, mbinu za utafiti na nadharia. Mojawapo ya kazi zake inaanza kwa kusema kwamba "kusimulia hadithi ya wakati uliopita ili kuonyesha hatima isiyoepukika ni, kwa wanadamu, hitaji la ulimwengu wote kama utengenezaji wa zana. Kwa kiwango hicho, tunaweza kusema kwamba mwanadamu ni; kwa asili, historicus.
Ogot alikuwa Chansela wa Chuo Kikuu cha Moi hadi mwaka 2013.
Ogot, Mjaluo wa Kenya, alizaliwa tarehe 3 Agosti 1929 katika eneo la Gem katika Kaunti ya Siaya nchini Kenya. Mnamo 1959 alioa Grace Emily Akinyi, mwanasiasa, mwandishi na mtaalamu wa afya. Hatimaye alitumikia serikali ya Kenya kama Waziri Msaidizi wa Utamaduni na Huduma za Jamii. Ogot alisoma Ambira, Shule ya Maseno, Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere, na Chuo Kikuu cha St Andrews na Shule ya Mafunzo ya Mashariki na Afrika, Chuo Kikuu cha London. Alipokuwa akisoma London, alihudumu kama kiongozi wa Chama cha Wanafunzi wa Kenya, ambapo aliwasaidia wanataifa wa Kenya, hasa marehemu Jaramogi Oginga Odinga wakati wa mazungumzo ya 1960 katika mazungumzo ya Lancaster ya uhuru wa Kenya.
Ogot alianza maisha yake ya kitaaluma na utafiti katika chuo kikuu kama mhadhiri katika Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere, na hatimaye akawa Mwenyekiti wa Idara ya Historia ya Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi, ambacho kwa sasa ni Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi (UoN). Katika UoN alianzisha na kuelekeza Taasisi ya Mafunzo ya Maendeleo (IDS) na Taasisi ya Mafunzo ya Kiafrika (IAS). Pia aliwahi kuwa Dean, Shule ya Sanaa na Sayansi ya Jamii na Naibu Makamu wa Chansela wa Taaluma humo. Alikuwa Rais wa Kamati ya Kimataifa ya Kisayansi kwa ajili ya maandalizi ya Historia Kuu ya Afrika ya UNESCO. Alihariri Juzuu ya V ya Historia ya Afrika ya UNESCO, na akaongoza kamati iliyosimamia utengenezaji wa Historia nzima. Alikuwa mjumbe wa Tume ya Kimataifa ya Historia ya Ubinadamu ya UNESCO. Kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi, Ogot aliteuliwa na Rais Jomo Kenyatta kuhudumu kama mwanachama wa Bunge la Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki (EAC), kati ya 1975 na 1977. Alikuwa Rais wa PanAfrican Archaeological Association kuanzia 1977 hadi 1983. Kati ya 1978 na 1980 Ogot alihudumu katika Taasisi ya Kimataifa ya Kumbukumbu ya Louis Leakey kwa Historia ya Awali ya Afrika (TILLMIAP), ambayo ilikuwa sehemu muhimu ya Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Kenya (NMK), kama mkurugenzi wake wa kwanza. Alitumikia Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta kama Profesa, na Shirika la Posta na Mawasiliano la Kenya kama mwenyekiti. Alikuwa Chansela wa Chuo Kikuu cha Moi, Eldoret, hadi 2013. Akiwa Chansela wa Chuo Kikuu cha Moi, alifanya kazi bila kuchoka na Rais Kibaki, Wizara ya Elimu ya Juu ya Kenya, Maprofesa David Some na Richard Mibey kama Makamu wa Chansela na Samuel Gudu, Margarete Kamar na Bob Wishitemi kusimamia katiba ya Chuo Kikuu cha Masinde Muliro ya Sayansi na Teknolojia, Chuo Kikuu cha Narok, Chuo Kikuu cha Karatina, Chuo Kikuu cha Kabianga, Chuo Kikuu cha Eldoret, Chuo Kikuu cha Rongo na Chuo cha Odera Akango', ambacho kinasalia kuwa chuo kikuu cha Chuo Kikuu cha Moi.
List of Unilever brands

This is a list of brands owned by the British multinational consumer goods company Unilever.
Unilever is the world's biggest ice cream manufacturer. Most of the company's ice cream business falls under its "Heartbrand" brand umbrella, so called because of the brand's heart-shaped logo.
Source:
In 2003, Unilever announced the strategic decision to sell off the Dalda brand in both India and Pakistan. In 2003, Bunge Limited acquired the Dalda brand from Hindustan Unilever Limited for reportedly under Rs 100 crore. On 30 March 2004, Unilever Pakistan accepted an offer of Rs. 1.33 billion for the sale of its Dalda brand and related business of edible oils and fats to the newly incorporated company Dalda Foods (Pvt.) Limited. On 16 January 2014, Unilever Philippines sold the Royal pasta brand to Philippine company RFM Corporation for around Php 2.1 billion.
Vimal Shah

Vimal Shah is a businessman, entrepreneur, mentor and industrialist in Kenya, the largest economy in the East African Community. He is the Chairman of Bidco Africa and is responsible for the company's growth into new markets and product Bidco is a business conglomerate involved in the manufacture of edible oil, detergents, soaps, margarine and baking powder. He is reported to be one of the wealthiest individuals in Kenya.
He was born in Nyeri, Kenya. Vimal Shah attended the United States International University, Nairobi Campus, graduating with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration and Finance.
In 1985, the three Shahs decided to start a soap manufacturing business. When Kenyan banks denied them financing, they turned to family and friends instead. Growing cotton locally would take too much time, so they imported oil from Malaysia. Together with his father and brother, Vimal Shah built the business, growing the firm, BIDCO Africa, into one of Africa's largest companies. He rose to the position of CEO before stepping down in 2017. Since then, he has been less involved in the operational aspects of BIDCO, instead stepping up to a more strategic role as board chairman, a position he holds to date.
BIDCO Africa is currently one of Africa's largest and fastest growing manufacturer of domestic consumer products. Currently, they market and distribute the largest and widest range of product categories in the East and Central African regions such as: Edible Oils, Cooking Fats, Margarine, Baking Products, Hygiene Products, Detergents, Laundry Bars and Animal Feeds
In 2014, Forbes removed Vimal Shah as one of Africa's 50 richest people. Forbes Magazine, replacing Vimal Shah with his father, Bhimji Depar Shah, this replacement was due to "new information". Forbes used their own methods to arrive at this figure, including the fact that BIDCO grossed US$500 million in sales in 2013. It has manufacturing factories in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The group's products are marketed to 13 African countries.
Starting mid-2017, Vimal Shah has been actively mentoring small and medium-sized businesses in Kenya, East Africa and continental Africa through his blog. In his blog, he talks about his life as an entrepreneur in Africa, drawing from his experience as a successful entrepreneur since 1985. Through his blog, he posts weekly on different aspects of the life of an entrepreneur. Plans are underway to expand the mentorship program beyond his blog.
Shah's mentorship program is aimed at promoting the business and innovative spirit among young people in Africa. New posts go up every Monday.
Vimal Shah is a married to Manda Shah and is the father of one son, Soham Shah (born in 1998). He is a past chairman of the East African Business Council, the Kenya Association of Manufacturers and the Kenya Private Sector Alliance KEPSA. In March 2014 he was elected to the 3GF (Global Green Growth Fund) based out of Amsterdam.
John Spurling (businessman)

Sir John Damian Spurling, KCVO, OBE (born 1939) is a businessman.
Born in London in 1939, Spurling was educated in Johannesburg and London. He worked in advertising for the Eldorado Ice Cream Company, then became advertising manager to Dorlands and Allandyce Palmber before becoming a director of Kenya Advertising Corp. in 1963. Between 1970 and 1982, he was then chairman and chief executive of the Kenyan company Advertising Associates, which was acquired by McCann-Erikson in 1979.
He then moved into pet insurance, taking over a small agency, Pet Protect, in 1984; he grew it substantially and completed a deal with the UK Kennel Club so that the Club would receive a percentage of each policy in return for officially endorsing Pet Protect. According to The Telegraph, he sold Pet Protect to GE Investments in 1997, although other sources state it was GE Capital. Spurling's Who's Who entry states he remained with Pet Protect until 2001. GE moved away from the Kennel Club relationship aspect of Pet Protect's business model, and the Kennel Club invited Spurling to launch a new insurance company. In 2002, he founded PetPartners Ltd, of which he was chairman and chief executive until 2009. Spurling also launched PetPartners Inc. for the US market and has been its chairman since 2004.
Outside of these corporate endeavours, Spurling has been involved with charitable pursuits, such as the Animal Health Trust. He has been chairman of London Marathon since 2008 and Vice-President of the Kennel Club since 2011. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2000 New Year Honours "for charitable services". He was also appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in the 2012 Diamond Jubilee Honours "for services to charity".
WPP-Scangroup

WPP-Scangroup is a subsidiary of WPP and is listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. It is the largest marketing and communication group operating a multi-agency model across multiple disciplines in Sub-Saharan Africa. The group comprises the ad agencies Ogilvy Africa, SCANAD, JWT and BluePrint Marketing; media firms GroupM, MediaCom Africa, Mindshare and MEC; public relations agencies Ogilvy PR (a part of Ogilvy Africa) and H+K Strategies; market research agency Millward Brown; specialty communication firms Roundtrip and Geometry Global; and digital companies OgilvyOne, Squad Digital and SCANAD Digital. In all, over 1200 people are employed across the various organizations.
WPP-Scangroup is listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The group has presence in 25 countries in Sub Saharan Africa. Majority-owned offices in Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and minority owned operations in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Namibia, Senegal and Zimbabwe. The group also has affiliate partners in Botswana, DRC, Congo Brazzaville, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Reunion and S. Leone.
Scangroup Limited was incorporated in Kenya as a private limited liability company on 26 January 1999 under the name Media Initiative East Africa Limited. In October 2005 the company changed its name to Scangroup Limited. Scangroup listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange on 29 August 2006 and is currently the only marketing services company listed on the exchange. In late 2013 Scangroup became a subsidiary of WPP and subsequently the company renamed itself to WPP-Scangroup Limited on 15 June 2015.
Since 2006, the company stock is listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange, where it trades under the symbol:SCAN. Its largest shareholder is the WPP Group, controlling 50.10% of the issued share capital of Scangroup though its subsidiaries Cavendish Square Holding BV and Ogilvy South Africa. As of May 2014, the ten largest investors in the company were:
The companies within Scangroup include, but are not limited to the following:
List of Super Bowl commercials

The commercials which are aired during the annual television broadcast of the National Football League Super Bowl championship draw considerable attention. In 2010, Nielsen reported that 51% of viewers prefer the commercials to the game itself. This article does not list advertisements for a local region or station (e.g. promoting local news shows), pre-kickoff and post-game commercials/sponsors, or in-game advertising sponsors and television bumpers.
The commercials included ads from "Ford, Chrysler, RCA, RJ Reynolds Tobacco, McDonald's, and Budweiser among others."
One notable commercial featured was a Gulf advertisement.
This year was known for its many commercials for websites, with 17 websites posing commercials. Many became defunct after the "dot-com Bowl".
Ads listed here are mainly per the criteria posted at Super Bowl Ad Meter, which considered national ads from first kickoff through the 4th quarter two-minute warning including halftime. Ad Meter disregarded house promotions for its cable/broadcast networks, regional to major market, digital platform-only, and broadcasts outside the national CBS broadcast. As the game went into overtime, Ad Meter disregarded ads that played at end of regulation.
Purex (laundry detergent)

Purex is a brand of laundry detergent and laundry-related products manufactured by Henkel North American Consumer Goods and marketed in the United States and Canada. Purex is one of the most widely used laundry detergents in North America. Its original product, Purex Bleach, was a major competitor to Clorox bleach. The brand name is also used for a line of in-wash "fragrance booster" products called Purex Crystals. The Purex Crystals brand was originally launched as an in-wash fabric softener product.
In 1922, Lionel S. Precourt and his son, Ray, began to make household bleach from their 400-square-foot (37 m) garage behind their family home in Los Angeles, California. The following year, the name Purex was adopted for their bleach product. By 1946, Purex began to produce its first light-duty, dry detergent, under the brand name Trend.
In 1955, Purex acquired Old Dutch Cleanser from Cudahy Packing Company. On July 31, 1956, Purex acquired the Manhattan Soap Company best known for its "SweetHeart" soap. In 1962, Purex acquired The Campana Company of Batavia, Illinois, from the Dow Chemical Company. The same year, it merged with Brillo Manufacturing Company, makers of Brillo Pad.
In 1975, Purex liquid laundry detergent was introduced. Purex liquids began the use of its distinctive blue plastic bottle in 1981.
In 1981, Purex acquired the food and household brands of A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company, among them, Cream Corn Starch, Staley Pancake and Waffle Syrup, Sta-Puf fabric softener, Sta-Flo liquid starch and Sno Bol toilet bowl cleaner.
In 1982, Purex Industries, Inc. was acquired in a leveraged buyout by Gibbons, Green and van Amerongen Ltd., the predecessor of Leonard Green & Partners. In 1985, the household and consumer products business of Purex Industries, Inc. was acquired by Greyhound Corporation and was combined with Greyhound's Armour-Dial to form The Dial Corporation. By the 1990s, Dial would discontinue the Purex Bleach product to focus on laundry detergents.
In April 2004, The Dial Corporation was acquired by Henkel.
Ariel (detergent)

Ariel is a British brand of laundry detergent owned by Procter & Gamble and developed by the European Technology Centre in Belgium. The enzymes for the detergent are provided by Novozymes.
It was launched in multiple markets from 1967 to 1969. The brand is owned by American multinational company Procter & Gamble and popular in Mexico, India, and the Philippines.
Mie balap

Mie balap adalah makanan yang tabuek dari mie dan merupakan salah satu menu sarapan yang ado di Kota Medan. Mie balap baisikan bihun, mie kuning dan kwetiaw yang digoreng jo talua,sawi,bawang,daun bawang dalam porsi nan gadang. Mie balap diagiah toping bakso lauak, dagiang ayam atau seafood takah udang dan cumi.
Bamulo di Jalan Serdang Gang Sado, mie balap dapek ditamuan di Kota Medan. Disebut Mie Balap dek caro membueknyo capek takah sadang balapan dan langsuang dalam jumlah banyak. Mie balap dapek awak tamui di tapi jalan Kota Medan, salah satunyo di Jalan Gajah Mada. Pado umumnyo mie balap tasaji halal.
Nattō

Nattō (納豆) adolah makanan tradisional Jopang nan tabuek dari biji kedelai nan difermentasi jo Bacillus subtilis, biasonyo bamakan untuak sarapan jo nasi. Sabagai sumber protein jo probiotika nan kayo, nattō jo miso dulunyo marupoan sumber gizi utamo pada zaman feodal di Jopang. Indak sadonyo urang tuju makan nattō basobok indak ka tuju babaun nan pokek, atau teksturnyo nan licin. Di Jopang, nattō paliang ka tuju dek urang di wilayah timur, tamasuak wilayah Kanto, Tohoku, jo Hokkaido.