davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
डिज़्नी+ हॉटस्टार

जिओ हाॅटस्टार (जिसे हॉटस्टार के नाम से भी जाना जाता है) एक भारतीय वीडियो स्ट्रीमिंग वेबसाइट है, जो लोगों को इंटरनेट के द्वारा टीवी कार्यक्रम, फिल्में और लाइव मैच इत्यादि दिखाता है। इसकी शुरूआत एक भारतीय टीवी चैनल (स्टार इंडिया) ने 2015 में की। इस वेबसाइट के माध्यम से मुफ्त में स्टार के सभी कार्यक्रम, फिल्में तथा खेल-कूद के मैच आसानी से देख सकते हैं। इसके कुछ शो और फिल्में सदस्यता लेने पर ही देखे जा सकते हैं, परंतु अभी के लिए यह बिल्कुल मुफ्त है ।
स्टार इंडिया ने 11 फरवरी 2015 को हॉटस्टार लांच किया था, इसे विकसित करने में कुल पंद्रह महीने लगे थे। इसे 2015 में होने वाले क्रिकेट वर्ल्ड कप और आने वाले इंडियन प्रीमियर लीग का लाइव प्रदर्शन करने के लिए मुख्य रूप से बनाया गया था, क्योंकि कंपनी ने इसे दिखाने के लिए स्ट्रीमिंग अधिकार भी खरीदे थे। शुरुआत में विज्ञापन के साथ सात अलग अलग भाषाओं के कुल 35,000 घंटे का कंटैंट डाला गया था। इसके साथ इसमें कई खेलों के लाइव स्ट्रीमिंग भी उपलब्ध कराई गई थी। स्टार इंडिया के सीईओ, पृथ्वीराज निषाद ने कहा कि "मुझे ऐसा लगता है कि भारत के लोगों के पास यूट्यूब के अलावा अच्छे क्वालिटी में कंटैंट देखने का कोई प्लैटफ़ार्म ही नहीं है, ये उन जवान लोगों को आकर्षित करेगा। मुझे लगता है कि वर्ष 2020 तक यह स्टार के एक तिहाई कमाई का हिस्सा होगा।
यह हिंदी ही नहीं बल्कि कई भारतीय भाषाओं में शो, फिल्में और मैच मुफ्त में दिखाता है। हॉटस्टार वर्तमान में 9 भाषाओं में हर घंटे 100,000 से अधिक टीवी सामग्री और फिल्में प्रदान करता है, और हर प्रमुख खेल को लाइव कवर करता है। अत्यधिक विकसित वीडियो स्ट्रीमिंग तकनीक और उपकरणों और प्लेटफार्मों पर अनुभव की गुणवत्ता पर ध्यान देने के कारण, हॉटस्टार को ओवर द टॉप (ओटीटी) वीडियो उपभोक्ताओं के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा बनाता है।
Jio Financial Services

Jio Financial Services Ltd (JFSL) is an Indian financial services company, based in Mumbai. Originally a subsidiary of Reliance Industries (RIL), it was demerged as an independent entity and listed on the Indian stock exchanges in August 2023. The company provides financial services, including payment services and insurance broking. Its subsidiary Jio Finance holds an NBFC license from the RBI. Another subsidiary, Jio Payments Bank, is also a payments bank registered in India.
Jio Financial Services was initially a financial services subsidiary of Reliance Industries. In July 2023, it was spun-off via a demerger, with shareholders of Reliance Industries receiving one equity share of Jio Financial Services for every share they held in Reliance. Reliance Industries transferred Rs 15,500 crore of cash and liquid investments to Jio Financial Services as part of the demerger scheme. This gave Jio Financial Services a liquid asset base of Rs 20,700 crore.
JFSL was listed on the stock exchanges on August 21, 2023. Following the demerger and listing, JFSL was briefly a part of Nifty 50, BSE SENSEX and FTSE indices, but was removed from these indices over the following weeks as it did not meet their inclusion criteria.
In July 2023, JFSL entered the asset management company (AMC) business, by forming a 50:50 joint venture with BlackRock called Jio BlackRock. In April 2024, JFSL and BlackRock announced a partnership in wealth management and broking business.
In May 2024, JFSL launched JioFinance, an app with digital payments, loans and insurance offerings.
In 2024, Jio Financial Services established a subsidiary called Jio Leasing Services Ltd, an unrelated leasing services business. The subsidiary signed a $4.4 billion deal with another promoter-owned company, Reliance Retail for leasing routers.
Jio Institute

Jio Institute is a private institute of higher education based in India. It was founded in 2018 by Reliance Industries Limited, one of the largest conglomerates in India
Jio Institute was founded in 2018 and is based in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra. The institute is sited on 800 acres (320 hectares) of land. The Ministry of Education, issued a Letter of intent to Jio Institute for setting up an 'Institutes of Eminence' under greenfield category which was followed by criticism. The campus of Jio Institute is currently under construction in Karjat, Maharashtra. The institute is expected to be completed by 2023, and will include research centers, libraries, and sports facilities.
Jio Institute plans to offer undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs in various fields such as engineering, humanities, and social sciences.
Reliance Foundation

Reliance Foundation is an Indian non-profit organisation which was founded in 2010 by Mukesh Ambani. It is wholly owned by Reliance Industries Limited and is one of the largest non-profit foundations in the country.
Reliance Foundation was formerly known as Dhirubhai Ambani Foundation. It was founded in 2010 by Mukesh Ambani, chairperson of Reliance Industries.
The foundation's objective is to promote sustainable growth in India. It does so in the following spheres:
The foundation also works with other philanthropies and NGOs on collaborative initiatives, for example in 2012 partnering with the television show Satyamev Jayate to provide a grant to Muktangan Rehabilitation Centre in Mumbai to help street children.
JioTV

JioTV is an Indian streaming television service owned by Jio Platforms, a subsidiary of Reliance Industries. JioTV offers more than 1000 live channels with 7 days of catch up content, as per the website.
JioTV was launched in 2016, from the digital arm of LYF (Jio), LYF Digital Convergence Limited. JioTV, an streaming television service offering LIVE TV and Catch Up Content to end consumers on their mobile phones, tablets, laptops, desktops, entertainment boxes and connected TVs.
JioTV web version was launched in December 2017 but it was taken down after two days because of some technical litigation issues.
As per the FAQs page on website, Jio TV on web allows for content discovery only and the streaming is available only on mobile devices through the app.
JioTV has partnered with different broadcasting companies such as ABP Group, Culver Max, NDTV, Sun Network, The Times Group, Living Media, Viacom18, Warner Bros. Discovery India and Zee. to provide content in different categories such as Business, Devotional, Education, Entertainment, Infotainment, Kids, News and Sports. JioTV has 17 'Jio Darshan' channels which telecast proceedings from a few Indian temples
32 government education channels on JioTV are hosted by the Ministry of Human Resources Development under Swayam Prabha.
In June 2020, JioTV tied up with the Assam government to host educational channel "Gyan Brikshya". In July 2020, JioTV has partnered with Manipur, Maharashtra, Haryana and Telangana state governments to telecast education channels for e-classes.
In December 2022, JioTV introduced Games and Music as part of its super-app experience. It also provides multi-audio and subtitle support across its live sports events.
In February 2023, KC Global Media launched Animax channel on JioTV.
Nov 2020 - Partnered with Rewind Network to distribute HITS content through JioTV platform
JioTV recorded a 84 million unique visitors in March 2020, an increase from 74 million unique visitors in March of the previous year. The company is owned by Jio Platforms, the digital service business of Reliance Industries.
According to a Kalagato report on OTT space, in 2018, JioTV saw around 18% of active users after Disney+ Hotstar which has 40% active users. In terms of national reach, Hotstar and JioTV both had 30% and 24% respectively market share.
JioTV recorded 74.5 million unique visitors in March 2019, which was an increase from 31.2 million unique visitors in March of the previous year.
Jio has over 1000+ Channels List that users can watch and enjoy.
StarLife (Africa)

Star Life is an Indian English-language general entertainment television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. It launched on 27 August 2018. It airs series from Star Plus, Star One, Star Bharat, Life OK, and Star Jalsha. The series are available in English and Hindi, with English subtitles.
Star Select is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment television channel operated by JioStar that showcases programming in Hindi with English subtitles from Star Plus, Star Bharat, Star One, and Life OK. It launched on Openview on the 6 April 2023 and is only available in South Africa. It is available on the Ultraview Spice Bouquet
I Love You (2023 film)

I Love You is a 2023 Indian Hindi-language romantic thriller film written and directed by Nikhil Mahajan. Produced under the banner of Jio Studios, it features Pavail Gulati, Rakul Preet Singh and Akshay Oberoi. An unofficial remake of the 2007 American horror drama P2, it was released for streaming on 16 June 2023 in JioCinema to mixed reviews from critics.
Satya, a highly accomplished corporate executive, eagerly envisions a bright future with her fiancé. However, her life takes a sudden twist when, on the verge of boarding a flight to Delhi, she finds herself inexplicably trapped within the office premises. As the night unfolds, Satya encounters a series of alarming challenges and mysteries.
The film was announced by Jio Studios featuring Pavail Gulati, Rakul Preet Singh, Akshay Oberoi. The principal photography of the film started in 2022 and was wrapped in 2023.
The film digitally premiered on 16 June 2023 on JioCinema. Rakul Preet Singh promoted the film on Bigg Boss OTT 2.
The film's music is composed by Shor Police and Gaurav Chatterji.
Prateek Sur of Outlook India gave the series 1/5 stars. Namrata Thakker of Rediff.com rated the series 1/5 stars. Aishwarya Vasudevan of OTT Play rated the series 1.5/5 stars. Archika Khurana of The Times of India rated 3 out of 5 stars.
The series was reviewed by Firstpost, Hindustan Times and The Hindu.
List of telecom companies in India

telecom services providing companies are regulated by Department of Telecommunications and TRAI under Ministry of Communications, Government of India.
There are 4 pay-for-use DTH service providers and one free-to-air service provider (DD Free Dish) in India.
As of 30 September 2024, there are 59.91 million active DTH subscribers, in addition to the subscribers of state-owned DD Free Dish, in the country according to Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI).
Notes
As of 30 September 2024, there are 845 MSOs (some also have an ISP license).
List of top MSOs by subscribers
As of 31st December 2024 there are around 1150.66 million wireless subscribers in India according to Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI).
Over the past decade, the Indian cellular services market has seen rapid consolidation. The launch of Jio Platforms in 2016 changed the market dynamics substantially as the company offered free data and voice services during its first year of operations, prompting a fierce price war in the market. Jio managed to garner over 8 crore (80 million). In 2018, airtel India lost its market leadership position for the first time in 15 years as a result of the completion of a merger between then telecom giants Vodafone India and Idea Cellular.
As of 20 March 2025, 16 mobile operators have ceased operations in India. The longest operating defunct operator is Aircel , while the oldest is Modi-Telstra - which was also the first mobile operator in the country. Most recently, Reliance Communications ceased operations citing bankruptcy.
As of 30 November 2024, there are 38.50 million wireline subscribers in India according to Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI).
Internet service providers (ISPs) offering broadband (wired + wireless) services. The total number of broadband subscribers stood at 941.47 million as of 30 November 2024. Total Wireless broadband subscribers stood at 903.79 million and wireline broadband subscribers stood at 40.97 million. The top 5 services constituted 98.42% market share of the total broadband subscribers.
As of 30 November 2024, top five Wireless Broadband Service providers
The following table shows the top 5 wired broadband service providers in India by total subscriber base as of 30 November 2024.
Mobile telephone numbering in India

In India, mobile numbers (including pagers) on GSM, WCDMA, LTE and NR networks start with either 9, 8, 7 or 6. Each telecom circle is allowed to have multiple private operators; previously it was two private + BSNL/MTNL, subsequently it changed to three private + BSNL/MTNL in GSM; however currently each telecom circle has all four operators including Reliance Jio, Bharti Airtel, Vodafone idea ltd and BSNL/MTNL.
All mobile phone numbers are 10 digits long. The way to split the numbers is defined in the National Numbering Plan as XXXXX-NNNNN. Here, XXXXX identifies the network operator and the telecom circle while NNNNN identifies the subscriber.
The Department of Telecommunications has divided India into various telecom circles such that within each circle, the call is treated as a local call, while across zones, it becomes a long-distance call. As of July 2018 there are 22 telecom circles or service areas. They are classified into four categories: Metro, A, B, C. Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata fall under Metro category.
A telecom circle is normally the entire state, with a few exceptions like Mumbai and Kolkata (which are different zones than their respective states), Goa (which is a part of the Maharashtra zone), Chhattisgarh (which is part of Madhya Pradesh), Sikkim (which is part of West Bengal) Jharkhand (which is a part of the Bihar zone), Northeastern states except Assam and Sikkim (which are part of Northeast zone) or Uttar Pradesh (divided into east and west zones). Delhi is a unique circle because it includes cities from Haryana (Gurgaon and Faridabad) and Uttar Pradesh (Noida and Ghaziabad) as well. The new state of Telangana remains in the same circle as Andhra Pradesh.
From May 20, 2005, calls between Mumbai Metro and Maharashtra Telecom Circle, between Chennai Metro and Tamil Nadu Telecom Circle, and between Uttar Pradesh (East) and Uttar Pradesh (West) Telecom Circle service areas are merged in Inter service area connected in the above-mentioned four states would be treated as intra-service area call for the purposes of routing as well as Access Deficit Charges (ADC). The dialing procedure for calls within a state for these states would also be simplified, i.e. dialing of mobile-to mobile subscribers and fixed-to-mobile subscribers would be without prefixing '0'.
In December 2017, Reliance Jio started with the newest of all, "the six-series-mobile numbers", keeping in mind the growing number of users in India. The growth in the number of 4G users in the country has made the 4G base larger than the 2G users in India pushing number of 2G users to second position.
JioMart

JioMart is an Indian e-commerce platform, owned by Reliance Retail. Launched in 2019, it initially focused on online groceries before expanding into other categories such as fashion, home essentials, electronics, and lifestyle products by adopting a marketplace model.
The platform was soft-launched in December 2019. A pilot was initially launched in select areas of Navi Mumbai, Thane and Kalyan in April 2020. In May 2020, JioMart was fully launched in 200 cities and towns across India. Within only a few days of its launch, the JioMart app surpassed one million downloads.
In October 2020, JioMart signed an agreement with Infibeam Avenues. Under this deal, Jio will use Infibeam's solutions to power its e-commerce and digital payments services.
In August 2022, JioMart signed an agreement with Meta to launch first-ever end-to-end shopping experience on WhatsApp. Under this deal, Jio will use WhatsApp's chat solutions to power its grocery shopping service in India.
In June 2024, JioMart entered quick-commerce by delivering groceries in under an hour.
Reliance Group

Reliance Group (stylized as ReLIΛNCe) is an Indian conglomerate, headquartered in Mumbai, India. The company, which was formed after Dhirubhai Ambani's business was divided up, is headed by his younger son Anil Ambani. Reliance Group has five listed companies, Reliance Power, Reliance Infrastructure, Reliance Home Finance, and Reliance Health. The group provides financial services, construction, entertainment, power, health care, manufacturing, defence, aviation, and transportation services.
Reliance Commercial Corporation was founded by Dhirubhai Ambani in 1966 as a polyester firm. It was renamed to Reliance Industries on 8 May 1973. Reliance later entered into financial services, petroleum refining, and power sector. By 2002, Reliance had grown into a U$15 billion conglomerate. After the death of Dhirubhai Ambani on 6 July 2002, Reliance was headed by his two sons. The Reliance ADA Group was formed in 2006 after the two brothers Mukesh Ambani and Anil Ambani, split Reliance Industries in December 2005. Anil Ambani got the responsibility of Reliance Infocomm, Reliance Energy, and Reliance Capital. Reliance Group entered the power sector through Reliance Power, and the entertainment sector by acquiring Adlabs. In October 2010, Reliance power placed the world's largest order worth $8.29 billion to Shanghai Electric Group to supply power equipment based on Supercritical steam generator technology. On 28 October 2017, the group launched construction of a defense production unit in Mihan-SEZ region. The unit will be part of a joint venture between Reliance Group, led by Anil Ambani, and its JV partner French major Dassault Aviation. The production at Mihan-SEZ will begin with components for the Rafale warplanes and Falcon business jet produced by Dassault. It is expected to fully assemble both the aircraft in the Nagpur unit in the coming years.
In March 2022, Anil Ambani stepped down from the boards of Reliance Infrastructure and Reliance Power.
In August 2024, SEBI banned Anil Ambani from the securities market for five years on charges of diversion of funds.
Jio Payments Bank

Jio Payments Bank Limited is an Indian payments bank, it started operating in 2018 and is currently a subsidiary of Jio Financial Services, which was initially owned by Reliance Industries but was listed separately on stock exchanges in 2023.
On 19-August-2015 Reliance Industries received a license to run a payments bank from the Reserve Bank of India under Section 22 (1) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. It then partnered with the State Bank of India and incorporated Jio Payments Bank Limited in November 2016. Jio Payments Bank Limited is an 82.17:17.83 partnership between Reliance Industries and the State Bank of India.
On 10-November-2016, it registered as a public limited company to set up a payments bank. On 03-April-2018, Jio Payments Bank became the sixth payments bank to commence operations in India.
In March 2024, it was reported that they were working on releasing a soundbox product for merchants, which would allow them to be notified whenever a customer pays and scans the QR code on the box and then through UPI.
In October 2020, the Reserve Bank of India imposed a penalty of ₹1 crore (US$116,760) on the bank for not applying for the re-appointment of Managing Director and CEO in time, under Section 35B of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi Digital series) season 3

Bigg Boss OTT 3 also known as Bigg Boss: Over-The-Top Season 3, is the third season of the Indian reality digital series Bigg Boss OTT, the spin-off version of Bigg Boss. It premiered on 21 June 2024 on JioCinema Premium. Anil Kapoor hosted the show for first time by replacing Salman Khan. The Grand Finale of the show took place on 2 August 2024 where Sana Makbul emerged as the winner and Naezy Sheikh as the runner-up.
On May 22, 2024, JioCinema released a teaser on social media. On May 31, 2024, JioCinema released a new teaser presenting Anil Kapoor as the host of season.
The poster of show start date was released on June 6, 2024 with host Anil Kapoor featuring in it.
In a change from the previous season, viewers will have access to 24x7 camera footage only if they have a subscription to JioCinema Premium. An hour-long episode will also be broadcast daily which would be available for non premium viewers.
The house design for this season is designed by Omung Kumar, featuring a fantasy theme. A glimpse of the house was revealed by JioCinema on June 20, 2024, a day before the Grand Premiere.
The Eye logo for this season features a mix of light and dark colors filling the pupil and lens, including golden, light yellow, and dark yellow, with a bright orange core representing the pupil. Indian culture symbols are embedded around the pupil, and the entire logo has been symbolically lit up with fire, creating a visual resemblance to the sun.
The trophy was revealed on 31st July which had a miniature of a person sitting on throne royally with its face covered or masked.
The list of contestants in the order of entering the house:
For the first time in the seventeen-year history of Bigg Boss, housemates are allowed to use phones during this season. Bigg Boss provided each housemate with a smartphone where they can receive messages from Bigg Boss and communicate with other housemates when permitted. However, only the "Baaharwala" has access to feedback from the outside world.
On the premiere day, Anil Kapoor introduced the "Baaharwala" twist, where one housemate would be designated as the "Baaharwala". This person would receive information and feedback from the outside world until being fired by Bigg Boss. The "Baaharwala” would possess special powers and be immune from evictions, even if they were nominated.
Color keys
Nomination notes
The series premiere episode was reviewed by Grace Cyril for Times Now. She wrote, "Once a powerhouse of entertainment, this season seems to have started on dull note. The High-voltage drama fell flat largely, making it a snooze fest."
Pratidin Time wrote, "While Kapoor exuded his signature suave charm, attempts to engage the audience fell short, perhaps due to peculiar editing choices that diluted the impact, evident in the disjointed laughter track. Even the introduction of the first contestant, the Vada Pav Girl, lacked the anticipated punch."
DittoTV

dittoTV was a video-on-demand platform launched in 2012, from the digital arm of Zee Entertainment Enterprises Limited (ZEE), Zee Digital Convergence Limited. The service was integrated with ZEE5 on 15 February 2018. It was India's most popular over-the-top media services TV distribution platform offering LIVE TV and Catch Up Content to end consumers on their mobile phones, tablets, laptops, desktops, entertainment boxes and connected TVs.
dittoTV was available across the globe in all international markets like the United States (currently unavailable), United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, New Zealand, Australia and others. dittoTV hosted 100+ Live TV channels.
dittoTV offered features such as an electronic programme guide, a content recommendation engine, & multi-currency payment options.
ZEE5 has subsumed Zee's existing video streaming platforms Ozee (advertising-based) and Ditto TV (subscription-based), comes with 1 lakh hours of content including exclusive originals, Indian and international movies and TV shows, music, live television, health and lifestyle videos in 12 regional languages.
Alok Industries

Alok Industries Limited, is an Indian Textile manufacturing company based in Mumbai. It Is Owned By Reliance Industries . Alok Industries Limited has five core divisions: Home Textiles, Cotton Yarn, Apparel Fabric, Garments, Technical Textiles, Textile Accessories and Polyester Yarn. Its main business involves weaving, knitting, processing, home textiles, ready made garments and polyester yarns. It exports 26% of its products to over 90 countries in the US, Europe, South America, Asia and Africa. Alok Industries also has a majority stake in a Czech republic incorporated textile company Mileta which supply its product across Europe. The export represents 90% of the entire production.
Founded in 1986 as a private limited company. In 1989, the inauguration of Their first polyester texturizing plant marked a significant milestone, By 1993, They had transitioned into a public limited company.
Over the decades, They have diversified into weaving, knitting, processing, home textiles, and garments.
Alok Industries has shutdown all its direct retail stores(Store 21, H&A). However, they have started selling Some Of their products On Their parent Reliance backed Ajio And Amazon. They Also Supply Their Products To Reliance Retail
As per the latest Annual Report (2022), total sales of the Company increased by 91.44% to Rs. 7,150.91 crore from Rs. 3,735.31 crore in the previous year. Domestic sales increased by 96.22% to Rs. 5,451.37 crore from Rs. 2,778.11 crore in the previous year. Export sales increased by 77.55% to Rs. 1,699.54 crore from Rs. 957.20 crore in previous year. Operating EBITDA (before exceptional items) was positive at Rs. 611.61 crore as compared to negative EBITDA (before exceptional items) of Rs. 432.63 crore in the previous year. Operating Profit Before Tax (PBT) (before exceptional items) was negative at Rs. 184.18 crore as compared to negative PBT (before exceptional items) of Rs. 1,190.78 crore in the previous year.
Alok’s export business has increased to Rs. 1699.54 crore in the current year as against Rs. 957.20 crore in the previous period representing growth of 77.55%.
Reliance Industries Hold 40.01% Stake While JM Financial (Acting As PAC with RIL) Through Its Subsidiary Holds 35% Stake In It. Reliance Industries also have 9% optionally convertible preference shares and Non Convertible redeemable preference shares worth 3300 crores. making it a subsidiary of Reliance.
The paid-up Share Capital of the Company as on 31 March 2022 was 496.52 crore shares of Rs. 1/- each.
Proton Wira

Proton Wira, juga dikenali sebagai Proton Persona, 400, dan Natura di UK, ialah model kereta yang dikeluarkan oleh Proton, pengilang kereta negara Malaysia. Model ini yang diperkenalkan pada tahun 1993 berasaskan kereta Mitsubishi Lancer/Colt. Antara tahun 1996 dan 1998, model ini telah mencapai jualan sebanyak 220,000 unit, dan merupakan model yang amat popular di Malaysia. Kereta ini juga dikenali sebagai Sembilu yang dilancarkan pada bulan Jun 1994.
Pada 1995, dilancarkanlah Proton Wira Aeroback sebelum bertukar nama menjadi Proton Gen-2 pada tahun 2004. Kemudian, bertukar nama menjadi Proton Persona pada tahun 2007.
Proton Wira diperkenalkan pada tahun 1993 sebagai kereta sedan 4-pintu dan berasaskan rekabentuk Mitsubishi Lancer 1992, tetapi dengan sedikit perubahan bagi membezakannya berbanding Lancer.
Perubahan termasuk lampu hadapan dari Mitsubishi Colt 1992, lampu belakang dari Mitsubishi Galant hatchback 1987, bumper dari Mitsubishi Mirage dan papan muka yang berbeza. Reka bentuk hadapan diteruskan dengan gaya yang pertama kali dipaparkan pada Proton Iswara dengan bonet bertingkat yang mengunjur pada logo Proton pada gril.
Enjin Mitsubishi Orion 1.5-litre 12-valve digunakan bagi Iswara dan sebelumnya dibawa pada Saga tanpa diubah. Enjin Mitsubishi 4G9 112ps 1.6L 16-valve SOHC dengan suntikan bahan api multi-point diperkenalkan bersama dengan transmisi automatik 4-kelajuan pilihan.
Pada tahun 1994, versi hatchback 5 pintu diperkenalkan. Pada awalnya ia diperkenalkan sebagai Wira Aeroback, seperti Saga hatchback 5 pintu, sungguhpun nama Aeroback selepas itu dihapuskan.
Sedan

Kereta sedan (atau kereta salun) merupakan sejenis kereta penumpang dalam konfigurasi tiga kotak dengan tiang A, B & C dan isipadu prinsipal dipanjangkan dalam ruangan berasingan untuk enjin, penumpang dan kargo. Ruangan penumpang menampilkan dua baris tempat duduk serta ruang penumpang yang mencukupi di dalam ruangan belakang bagi penumpang dewasa. Ruangan kargo biasanya terletak di belakang, kecuali beberapa model berenjin belakang, seperti Renault Dauphine, Tatra T613, Volkswagen Type 3 dan Chevrolet Corvair. Ia merupakan satu daripada stail badan kereta yang paling lazim.
Lambang tajaan Formula Satu

Lambang tajaan Formula Satu telah digunakan sejak 1960-an menggantikan warna kebangsaan negara pemilik yang digunakan sebelum ini. Peranan penajaan dalam membiayai pasukan-pasukan pemluba pertandingan ini menjadi semakin penting dengan menaiknya kos penyertaan dan pengacaraan, maka lebih banyak pasukan ingin memaparkan logo penaja mereka dengan jelas.
Biasanya lambang yang tertera akan berubah setiap musim pertandingan agar menarik perhatian penaja. Kebanyakan pasukan mengekalkan penampilan sebegini untuk beberapa tahun, bagaimanapun, seperti warna merah Ferrari, yang mempunyai asalnya dalam shade of red yang dikenali sebagai rosso corsa menjadi warna perlumbaan negara Itali. Di acara tertentu di mana tajaan tembakau adalah dilarang, pasukan boleh menggunakan lambang alternatif tanpa-tembakau. Pada acara bersejarah, kereta-kereta adalah dibenarkan menggunakan lambang yang telah digunakan apabila kereta itu sedang giat bersaing.
Setelah menjadi pembekal enjin dalam 1980-an dan sekali lagi semenjak 2000, BMW memasuki Formula Satu dengan satu pasukan kerjanya pada 2006. Walaupun kereta tersebut mempunyai banyak logo penaja di atasnya, corak utama adalah berdasarkan warna tradisi pasukan BMW Motorsport - warna putih dengan biru muda, biru tua dan merah (in an almost purple shade). Putih juga ialah warna perlumbaan negara Jerman, manakala putih dan biru adalah warna Bavaria dan BMW.
Pada November 27, 2009, BMW menjualkan pasukan ini kembali ke Peter Sauber. Pada tahun 2010 kembali sebagai pengeluar bebas.
Pasukan Lotus yang baru membuat penampilan pertama mereka pada tahun 2010, dan dinamakan semula sebagai Caterham F1 pada tahun 2012. Ia merupakan sebuah pasukan dari Malaysia, namun menggunakan warna British racing green, seperti pasukan Lotus yang lama.
Pasukan ini hanya bertanding dalam satu Grand Prix sahaja, dan mengulung tikar selepas kedua-dua pemandu pasukan gagal untuk melayakkan diri ke perlumbaan pertama musim 1997.
Marussia memasuki Formula Satu pada tahun 2012 apabila mereka membeli Virgin Racing.
Jaguar Racing dinamakan semula sebagai Red Bull Racing selepas Ford dibeli oleh syarikat minuman Red Bull. Sejak musim pertama mereka, lambang tajaan mereka tidak berubah dengan banyak, dan sentiasa mengekalkan Red Bull sebagai penaja utama mereka.
Spyker hanya mengambil bahagian dalam satu musim Formula Satu. Warna oren melambangkan warna negara Netherlands.
Super Aguri telah ditubuhkan sebelum musim 2006 oleh Aguri Suzuki, dengan bantuan Honda Racing. Untuk kereta musim 2006, iaitu SA05 dan SA06, Super Aguri menggunakan kereta yang berdasarkan pasukan Arrows yang digunakan pada tahun 2002. Bagi musim 2007 dan 2008, mereka bersaing menggunakan casis pasukan Honda yang digunakan pada tahun sebelumnya.
Toro Rosso merupakan pasukan "adik" Red Bull Racing. Lambang penajaan mereka adalah sama seperti Red Bull, namun Toro Rosso mempunyai lambang lembu di bahagian enjin.
Apabila pengeluar kereta mula menumpukan perhatian pada pasukan mereka sendiri, Toyota merupakan salah satu pasukan tersebut. Pesaing utama mereka, Honda, juga menggunakan warna putih / merah, dan bukan nama penaja mereka.
Kereta Kabel Genting Skyway

Genting Gohtong Jaya Skyway atau dikenali sebagai Genting Skyway terletak di Batang Kali, Selangor, bersebelahan dengan pusat peranginan Genting Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia. Genting Gohtong Jaya Skyway menyediakan perkhidmatan kereta kabel dari Gohtong Jaya ke Highlands Hotel dan Genting Highlands Resort.
Genting Skyway telah dirasmi oleh Perdana Menteri Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad pada tahun 1997. Ia menjadi tarikan pelancong untuk datang ke sini untuk menikmati keindahan hutan belantara Banjaran Titiwangsa. Harga tiket sehala ialah RM 5.00 sahaja.
Bermula 26 September 2024, Genting Skyway telah dijenamakan semula kepada Genting Gohtong Jaya Skyway selaras dengan lokasinya yang terletak berhampiran dengan bandar Gohtong Jaya. Manakala, Terminal Bas Genting Skyway pula telah dijenamakan semula kepada Genting Gohtong Jaya Terminal.
Chevrolet

Chevrolet (disebut /ˌʃɛvrəˈleɪ/, asal dari Switzerland, juga dikenali sebagai Chevy /ˈʃɛvi/) adalah jenama kereta dihasilkan oleh General Motors Company (GM). Ditubuhkan oleh Louis Chevrolet dan penubuh GM yang disingkirkan William C. Durant pada 8 November 1911, Chevrolet yang dibeli oleh General Motors pada 1917. Chevrolet yang diletak oleh Alfred Sloan untuk menjual kenderaan untuk bertanding terhadap Model T Henry Ford pada tahun 1920-an, dan terus mengekalkan kedudukan sebagai jenama General Motors hingga kini, dengan "Chevrolet" atau "Chevy" bererti dengan GM. Di Amerika Autara, Chevrolet menawarkan kenderaan, dari kereta subkompak kepada lori.
Templat:Chevrolet
Maybach

Maybach Motorenbau (Sebutan bahasa Jerman: [ˈmaɪ.bax]) ialah syarikat pengeluar kereta Jerman yang tidak lagi beroperasi yang kini wujud sebagai subjenama Mercedes-Benz. Syarikat ini diasaskan pada tahun 1909 oleh Wilhelm Maybach dan anaknya, yang pada asalnya merupakan anak syarikat Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH dan sendiri dikenali sebagai Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH hingga tahun 1912.
Pada tahun 1960, Maybach diperolehi oleh Daimler-Benz. Jenama itu kembali sebagai jenama kereta mewah sendiri pada akhir abad ke-20, berkongsi komponen penting dengan Mercedes-Benz. Selepas jualan yang perlahan, nama Maybach kembali lagi sebagai subjenama Mercedes-Benz, yang dimiliki oleh Daimler AG. Daimler kini mengeluarkan edisi ultra mewah Mercedes-Benz S-Class di bawah jenama Mercedes-Maybach.
Datsun

Datsun (/ˈdætsən/) ialah sebuah jenama kereta yang dimiliki oleh Nissan. Tempoh pengeluaran asal Datsun bermula pada tahun 1931. Dari 1958 hingga 1986, hanya kenderaan yang dieksport oleh Nissan telah dikenal pasti sebagai Datsun. Menjelang tahun 1986 Nissan telah menghentikan nama Datsun, tetapi melancarkannya semula pada Jun 2013 sebagai jenama untuk kenderaan murah yang dikeluarkan untuk pasaran baru muncul. Akhirnya menghentikan jenama yang bergelut itu pada April 2022.
Pada tahun 1931, Dat Motorcar Co memilih untuk menamakan kereta kecil barunya "Datson", nama yang menunjukkan saiz kereta yang lebih kecil jika dibandingkan dengan kenderaan DAT yang lebih besar yang telah dihasilkan. Apabila Nissan menguasai DAT pada tahun 1934, nama "Datson" ditukar kepada "Datsun", kerana "son" juga bermaksud "kehilangan" (損 anak) dalam bahasa Jepun dan juga untuk menghormati matahari yang digambarkan dalam bendera kebangsaan—sekaligus membangkitkan nama Datsun: Dattosan (ダ ッ ト サ ン , 'Dattosan' ). Nissan menghentikan jenama Datsun pada Mac 1986. Nama Datsun terkenal di peringkat antarabangsa kerana 510, Fairlady roadsters, Fairlady (S30 240Z, 260Z, 280Z) S130 280ZX dan baru-baru ini, hatchback Go.
List of Proton vehicles

The following is a list of Proton vehicles, including past, present, and concept nameplates.
Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional (Proton) was established in May 1983 through a joint-venture between The Heavy Industries Corporation Of Malaysia (HICOM) and Mitsubishi Motors Corporation (MMC).
Proton produced its first car, the Saga in July 1985, and its first indigenously designed car, the Waja in May 2000. Since the 2000s, Proton has produced a mix of indigenously designed and rebadged models.
This is a list of current Proton nameplates in decreasing order from date of introduction by body style popularity.
Exported vehicles Vehicles exclusive to Malaysia
This is a list of discontinued Proton nameplates in decreasing order from date of introduction by body style popularity.
Exported vehicles Vehicles exclusive to Malaysia
This is a list of concept Proton nameplates in decreasing order from date of introduction by body style popularity.
List of car brands

This is an incomplete list of every brand (also known as make or marque) of car ever produced, by country of origin, which has an article on Wikipedia. Names should not be added unless they already have an article. Some are from manufacturing companies that also use their company name as a brand name; others are from subsidiary companies or divisions, or are products of badge engineering. This is not a list of every brand that is available for sale in each country, but a list of companies that originated or have a significant independent presence in each country. This typically means manufacturing in that country and often exporting from that country, not just selling cars there.
(Made by Citroën in Ivory Coast)
Haval (marque)

Haval (Chinese: 哈弗; pinyin: Hāfú; stylized in all caps) is an automotive brand owned by the Chinese automaker Great Wall Motor (GWM) that specializes in crossovers and SUVs. Haval was spun-off from a product line of GWM to a standalone brand in March 2013. As of 2024, Haval is the most popular among all brands owned by GWM such as Tank, Ora, and Wey.
The Haval name was first used by the Great Wall Haval CUV (initially romanized as Hover, later renamed to Haval H3), which was introduced in April 2005 as one of the early compact SUVs produced by local manufacturers. A successor to the Great Wall Safe, the Haval CUV adopts a more 'urban' design. Previously, Great Wall Motor (GWM) mostly relies on pickup trucks and off-road-oriented SUVs. In September 2006, 500 units of Haval CUVs were exported to Italy for the first time, marking the first time a privately-owned Chinese car company exported cars to Europe in large quantities.
The Great Wall Haval H6, which was introduced in 2011 gained popularity with its competitive price of about 100,000 yuan. Following its success, the Haval name was spun off as a standalone brand in March 2013 with its own logo, making it the second brand from GWM after the original Great Wall brand. The H6 family quickly branched out with a coupe SUV version, a diesel version, and four-wheel drive.
Since 2017, the Haval brand was divided into the Red Label and Blue Label sub-brand, which uses red and blue logos respectively. Changes between the sub-brands are done in exterior styling, interior layout and materials, and marketed through different dealership networks. The strategy was abandoned in 2019, when the Haval logo was reverted to black. In 2018, Haval introduced F-series models that targeted younger customers. The models such as the F5 and F7 adopts more streamline designs.
By 2018, Haval has ranked first in China's SUV sales for nine consecutive years. The brand produced its 5 millionth vehicle in January 2019. At the same time, GWM founder Wei Jianjun outlined Haval's 5-2-1 globalization strategy, which means in five years the brand will achieve annual sales of 2 million and become the world's number one SUV brand.
In April 2023 at the Shanghai Auto Show, Haval introduced its new logo.
The Haval brand has been marketed in Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Bangladesh, Barbados, Bulgaria, New Zealand, Russia, South Africa, United Kingdom, Benin, Tunisia, Côte d'Ivoire, Chile, Paraguay, Ecuador, Egypt, Guatemala, Bolivia, Peru, Malaysia, Brunei, Saudi Arabia, México and the Philippines (since 2023), Zimbabwe, UAE, Pakistan, Iraq, Iran and other countries.
Haval entered the Australian market in March 2015 by introducing the H2, H8 and H9. Its Australian dealer network is 15 nationwide as of 2017, growing from four dealers at the brand’s Australian launch in 2015. A further 10 dealers are expected to join the fold by the beginning of 2018 and Haval has grown its number of dealerships to 68 as of February 2024.
In June 2019, Haval started producing the F7 and H9 in Russia at its plant in the Uzlovaya industrial park in the Tula region.
Proton Perdana

The Proton Perdana is a series of four-door mid-size sedan cars produced by Malaysian automobile manufacturer Proton.
The first generation Proton Perdana is a badge engineered seventh generation Mitsubishi Eterna, developed as the result of a collaboration between Proton and Mitsubishi Motors. About 80,000 first generation Proton Perdana were sold between 1995 and 2013.
Proton refers to the 1995-1998 (non-V6) models as the first generation Proton Perdana and the 1998-2010 (V6) models as the facelifted Proton Perdana.
The second generation Proton Perdana is a badge engineered eighth generation Honda Accord, developed as the result of a collaboration between Proton and Honda Motor Company, Ltd. Proton refers to the 2013–2020 models as the second generation Proton Perdana. However, the general public commonly refers both 2013–2015 models and 2016–2020 models based on the eight generation Honda Accord as second generation Perdana.
Proton X50

The Proton X50 is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by the Malaysian car maker Proton. Marketed as a B-segment SUV, the vehicle was revealed on 15 September 2020 and was launched on 27 October 2020. The model is the second SUV from the brand after the X70. The vehicle is a rebadged Geely Binyue with several changes, including the right-hand drive conversion and several mechanical adjustments.
Following the purchase of Proton by Geely in 2017, Proton has secured the intellectual properties to the design, development, manufacture, sale, marketing and distribution of the Geely Binyue alongside the Boyue (X70) and Jiaji. Camouflaged prototypes were seen being tested on public roads in Malaysia since February 2019.
As the Geely Binyue, the car is underpinned with the same BMA platform jointly developed by Geely and Volvo. The exterior design development of the Binyue was led by Jamie Barrett. Proton's head designer and Geely claimed that the design of the vehicle was inspired by a fighter jet.
As opposed to the X70 which was initially imported from China, the X50 is built in the Proton plant in Tanjung Malim from day one with a local content of 40 percent and contains 406 parts specific to the X50. The first unit rolled off the assembly line on 15 September 2020. At launch, the X50 was available in four grades: which are Standard, Executive, Premium, and Flagship.
In June 2024, the X50 RC (short for 'Running Change') debuted with changes includes increased number of standard features across the line-up, the touchscreen infotainment system features a faster processor and on-board Spotify, improved camera quality for the 360-degree camera system followed by customer feedback, improved NVH levels and its engine is locally assembled in the Proton plant instead of being imported from China. The exterior styling and engine specifications remain unchanged.
The X50 is offered with two engine options in Malaysia, both are 1.5-litre three-cylinder unit with turbocharger coded JLH-3G15TD jointly co-developed by Geely and Volvo. The port-injection engine variant is available as standard, and the direct-injection engine for the Flagship variant.
The X50 is equipped with four airbags, vehicle stability control, hill start assist, hill descent control and rear ISOFIX child seat anchors as standard. Upper trims would receive six airbags and a tire pressure monitoring system, while the Flagship trim gained the Advanced Driving Assistance System (ADAS) safety suite which includes adaptive cruise control with stop and go function, lane centring assist, autonomous emergency braking with pedestrian detection, lane keeping assist, blind spot monitoring and automatic high beam.
The X50 is sold in Mauritius since February 2022 after an announcement was made in November 2021 with pre-orders in December 2021.
On May 31, 2022, Proton has shipped some X50 units to South Africa alongside the Proton X70 and Proton Saga.
The X50 is sold in Mozambique since May 2023, four variants also available.
The X50 was launched in Trinidad & Tobago on March 13, 2024.
Proton reported that 200 X50s were exported to Vietnam.
모두 다 김치

《모두 다 김치》는 2014년 4월 7일부터 같은 해 10월 31일까지 방영된 MBC 아침 드라마다.
배신과 좌절이 주는 아픔을 이겨내기 위해 김치 하나에 승부를 건 한 여자의 사랑과 성공 과정을 그린 드라마.
김치냉장고

김치냉장고( - 冷藏庫, 문화어: 김치랭장고)는 김치를 저장하기 위해 만들어진 냉장고의 일종이다.
김치의 신선한 맛을 보존하기 위해 가장 적합한 온도에서 오래 저장할 수 있도록 김치에 특화된 온도조절장치 와 형태를 갖추고 있다. 외부 공기와의 접촉면을 최소화하는 항아리형 구조가 도입되었다. 서랍처럼 앞으로 빼는 형태의 김치냉장고도 있다.
2004년에 대한민국 주부를 대상으로 한 조사에서 가장 갖고 싶은 가전제품으로 뽑혔을 만큼 가정의 필수 제품으로 인식되고 있다. 김치냉장고의 개발과 성공은 '창조적 현지화'의 표본이라는 평도 있다.
일반 냉장고와의 가장 큰 차이점은 김치의 저장 기간이다. 일반 냉장고는 여러 종류의 식품을 보관하므로 섭씨 3도 정도로 설정하지만, 김치냉장고는 영하 1도까지 낮게 설정된다. 이는 김치가 낮은 온도에서도 쉽게 얼지 않기 때문이다. 저장 중의 온도 변화가 크지 않고 안정적이어야 김치가 쉽게 시어지지 않고 맛을 보존한다.
최초의 김치냉장고는 금성사에서 내놓은 금성김치냉장고였다. 그러나 시장에서 성공을 거두지 못하고 사장된 김치냉장고는 1994년 만도기계 아산산업본부의해 김치의 옛말인 '딤채'란 이름으로 다시 출시된다. 딤채는 출시 후 시장 판도를 뒤흔든 공전의 히트 상품이 됐다.
딤채의 성공 이후 삼성전자와 LG전자 등 주요 가전제품 업체가 뛰어들어 김치냉장고 시장의 경쟁은 치열해졌다.
구조는 항아리형이 주조를 이루고 있으나, 서랍형은 무거운 김치통을 위로 들어올리지 않아도 된다는 장점이 있다. 서랍형이 여러 종류의 김치를 분류하기 편하고 공간활용도도 높으나, 상대적으로 김치냉장고의 주목적인 온도 보존에는 취약하다. 이에 따라 두 형태를 절충한 혼합형 제품도 출시되었다.
근래에는 김치냉장고가 점차 다기능화, 대형화되는 추세이다. 또한, 소비자들은 점차 김치냉장고를 반드시 김치뿐 아니라 여러 식품을 보관하는 다목적 냉장고로 사용하고 있다.
막국수

막국수는 메밀국수를 삶아 찬물에 헹군 후 김치국물이나 고기 육수에 말아 먹는 대한민국 강원특별자치도 춘천의 전통 요리로, 냉면과 유사하다. 막국수는 고기 육수를 반절가량 섞기도 한다. 김치 국물은 주로 동치미, 배추김치, 나박김치 등을 주로 사용하는데, 젓갈이나 고춧가루를 적게 써야 한다.
막국수는 막 먹는 국수라는 뜻이 있다.
막국수는 들어가는 재료에 따라 여러 종류로 구분할 수 있다.
한국 전통 악기

한국 전통 악기(韓國 傳統 樂器)는 한국 전통 음악에 쓰이는 악기로 수십 종에 이르며, 여러 기준으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 한국 전통 악기는 50 ~ 60여 종에 이른다 . 궁중에서 쓰던 연례악에서는 피리·대금·당적·가야금·거문고·아쟁·편종·편경·장구·좌고 등 많은 악기들이 쓰인다. 그러나 민속음악에서는 피리·대금·해금·가야금·거문고·장구·북 등으로 그 쓰이는 악기의 수가 적다. 또 행진곡인 대취타(大吹打)에서는 태평소·나팔·소라·바라·장고·용고 같은 악기들이 쓰이는가 하면 문묘제례악에서는 지·약·소·훈·부·축·어와 같이 보기 드문 악기들이 쓰이기도 한다.
이들 악기들은 거문고·가야금과 같이 상고시대부터 한국에서 쓰여온 것도 있고, 피리·비파와 같이 서역에서 들어온 악기가 있는가 하면, 편종·편경과 같이 중국 고대악기가 들어온 것도 있다. 또한 양금·운라와 같이 조선 말기에 들어온 것도 있다. 금·비파·공후 같이 이미 주법(奏法)이 끊어져 쓰이지 않는 악기도 있다.
오늘날 정악에서나 민속악에서 가장 활발하게 쓰이는 것은 역시 피리·대금·해금·가야금·거문고·장고 등인데 이들 악기들이 농현법과 같은 한국적인 음악 표현에 적합한 기능을 발휘하기 때문으로 보이며 이 점은 이들 악기들이 대부분 향악에 쓰인다는 점과 더불어 주목할 만한 사실이다. 아쟁은 중국에서 기원되는 악기이지만 국악기에서 드문 저음기인데다 그 악기의 기능이 한국음악에 맞기 때문에 자주 쓰인다.
한국음악에 쓰는 악기들의 전통적인 분류방법은 두 가지가 있다. 하나는 악기의 재료에 의한 분류로 《증보문헌비고》에서 보이는 분류법이다. 또 하나는 악기의 유래와 계통에 의한 분류로 《악학궤범》에 보이는 분류이다.
그 밖에 악기의 형태와 연주법에 의한 분류법이 있으니 이것은 서양악기의 분류이다.
그 유래와 용도에 따라 향악기·당악기·아악기로 나눈다.
악기의 진동체의 형태와 그 연주법에 의한 분류로 서양악기와 같이 현악기·관악기·타악기로 나눈다.
한국 전통 음악의 악기의 편성법은 다음과 같다.
전통 음악에서 악기 하나만으로 연주하는 경우는 있지만, 독주곡이라는 용어는 없다. 또한, 독주악기만을 위한 곡이 따로 없고 합주곡을 독주하는 경우가 많다. 전형적인 독주음악에는 산조가 있고, 그 밖에 〈평조회상〉·〈천성자진한입〉 같은 것들이 대금 혹은 단소 등으로 독주하는 수가 있다.
두 악기가 나란히 연주되는 것을 병주(倂奏)라 하며, 2중주에 해당된다. 단소와 생황, 양금과 단소, 당적과 운라, 거문고와 대금 등의 편성은 모두 아름답고 깨끗하고 병주로 유명하다. 그 밖에 편종과 편경의 병주가 있고, 금(琴)과 슬(瑟)의 병주는 ‘금슬상화(琴瑟相和)’라 하고, 훈(塤)과 지(篪)는 ‘훈지상화(塤地上和)’라 하여 예로부터 이름이 높지만 지금은 쓰이지 않는다.
비교적 음량이 적고 실내에 알맞은 음색의 악기로 2~4정도의 작은 편성을 세악(細樂)이라고 부른다. 거문고·가야금·양금으로 현악만의 합주와 대금·피리(세피리)·해금의 관악만의 합주가 있다. 현과 관을 합하고 장구를 곁들이기도 한다.
전통 음악에서 관악(管樂)은 피리·대금·단소 같은 관악기 외에 해금·아쟁 같은 찰현악기도 관악으로 취급된다. 거문고·가야금·양금 같은 탄현악기(彈絃樂器)나 타현악기(打絃樂器)는 현악기로 취급된다.
피리·대금 같은 관악기가 대나무로 되었다 하여 관악을 대풍류(竹風流)라 한다. 넓은 의미로는 관악기가 중심이 되는 음악을 가리키며 좁은 의미로는 〈관악 영산회상〉을 가리킨다.
삼현육각(三絃六角)은 피리 2개·대금·해금·장구·북으로 편성된 관악으로 향악의 전형적인 편성이다. 대개 관악 〈영산회상〉·〈염불타령〉·〈굿거리〉 같은 무용음악에 쓰이고 기타 〈길군악〉·〈길타령〉·〈길염불〉 같은 행악(行樂)도 기본 편성은 삼현육각이다.
현악이 중심이 되는 음악을 줄풍류(絲風流)라 한다. 좁은 의미로는 〈거문고회상〉을 가리키기도 한다. 줄풍류라 하면 〈황하청〉과 같이 현악기만으로 편성될 수도 있지만 대개는 거문고가 중심이 되고 가야금·양금 같은 현악기를 곁들이며 음량이 작은 세피리와 대금·해금·장구도 곁들이는 것이 보통이다.
소편성의 합주 즉 병주·세악·줄풍류 같은 음악을 실내악이라는 뜻으로 방중악(房中樂)이라 하는데, 대개 방중악 하면 소편성의 관현 합주를 일컫는다. 줄풍류가 가장 대표적인 방중악이 된다.
합악(合樂)은 한국음악의 최대 편성으로, 많은 관현악기로 편성된 음악이다. 소편성의 세악과 대비되는 말인데, 서양음악의 관현악에 해당된다. 당피리·대금·당적·해금·아쟁·편종·편경·장구·좌고 같은 악기들이 쓰이는 관악기에 편종·편경을 쓴 합악과, 여기에 현악기를 덧붙인 합악이 있다. 합악에는 〈정읍(수제천)〉·〈보허자〉·〈낙양춘〉·〈여민락〉 같은 음악이 있고 취타도 합악으로 연주되기도 한다.
악기장 김복곤은 전북 임실 출생으로 1969년 상경하여 당대의 빼어난 악기장인 김광주의 문하에서 고흥곤, 최태진, 김희곤 등과 함께 현악기 제작의 기능을 전수받았다. 김광주는 그 기예를 인정받아 일찍이 무형문화재 악기장으로 지정되었다. 김광주는 그 기능을 부친인 김광칠에게서 전수받았는데, 김광칠은 근대에 들어 산조가야금 제작의 기본틀을 세웠다. 김복곤의 전승계보는 김광칠 → 김광주 → 최태진 → 김복곤로 이어진다
악기장으로서 김복곤은 국수무늬기법을 새롭게 복원하여 가야금 울림통의 성능을 개선하였다. 김복곤은 국수무늬의 성격과 개념을 구명하는데 많은 시간을 들이면서 악기 제작에 노력을 기울였다. 현악기의 주재료인 오동나무의 성질을 알아보기 임업연구원, 이비인후과 의사, 보청기 제작자들과 만나 함께 연구하면서 국수무늬 울림통의 성격을 세워나갔다. 김복곤은 오랜 연구와 실험을 거쳐 나이테를 일자로 가지런히 하여 만든 악기가 맑고 청아한 소리를 낸다는 결론에 이르러, 최고의 명기가 된다는 국수무늬 울림통을 재현할 수 있었다.
조선민주주의인민공화국은 1950년대부터 악기 개량사업을 벌여 음역이 다양한 종류의 악기를 만들어 배합관현악에 이용하고 있다.