davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Chuo Kikuu cha Egerton

Egerton University ni chuo kikuu cha umma; kampasi kuu iko Njoro, karibu na mji wa Nakuru, Kenya. Chansela ni Daktrari Narendra Rameshchandra Raval na makamu wa chansela ni Profesa Isaac O. Kibwage.
Shule ilianzishwa mwaka wa 1939 na awali ilikuwa yaitwa Egerton Farm School. Ilianzishwa kutokana na ruzuku ya ardhi ya ekari 740(3 km ²) kutoka kwa Bwana Maurice Egerton wa Tatton. Madhumuni ya awali ya shule ilikuwa ni kuanda vijana wazungu katika kazi katika kilimo.
Kufikia mwaka wa 1955, jina ilikuwa imebadilishwa kuwa Egerton Agricultural College. Kozi ya mwaka mmoja ya cheti na kozi ya stashahada ya miaka miwili katika kilimo zilikuwa zikifundishwa. Katika mwaka wa 1958, Bwana Egerton alichangia tena ekari 1,100(4,5 km ²) nyengine ya ardhi.
Mapema baadaye, chuo kilifunguliwa kwa watu wa jamii zote kutoka Kenya na nchi nyingine za Afrika. Mwalimu mkuu wa kwanza mwafrika, Dr. William Odongo Omamo, aliteuliwa mwaka wa 1966.
Katika mwaka wa 1979, kutokana na msaada kutoka Serikali ya Kenya na USAID, chuo kilipanuliwa tena. Ikawa sehemu ya mfumo wa Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi. Katika mwaka wa 1987, Chuo hatimaye kilitambuliwa kama Chuo kikuu cha umma.
Masuala ya wanafunzi yanazingatiwa na ofisi ya maswala ya wanafunzi. Ofisi inaongozwa na afisa ambaye huchaguliwa kila mwaka. Ofisi inahusika hasa na mashirika na vilabu za mwanafunzi. Afisa wa wanafunzi pia husimamia shughuli za wanafunzi, maarufu zaidi ikiwa uchapishaji wa jarida la Hush.
Chuo kikuu kina vilabu na mashirika mengi yanayozingatia ladha na maslahi tofauti. Baadhi ya vilabu hizo zina mahusiano ya kitaifa na kimataifa wakati baadhi ni ya mitaa ya Egerton University.
Hush, jarida la kwanza la vijana wa Egerton, ni uchapishaji wa kujitegemea msingi ikiwa ni katika kampasi ya Njoro. Jarida huchapishwa na kusambazwa katika Egerton kila mwezi. Zaidi ya wanafunzi 6,000 na makampuni 20 hupata jarida hili. Mbali ya maandishi, Hush{/0 } huhusika na mashindano na matukio. Nia haswa ya Hush ni kuwa kama daraja katika maswala ya burudani na habari. Ina upana mkubwa wa makala na habari, kama vile kazi, teknolojia, matukio, maisha, muziki, chakula, sinema, na vitabu.
Chuo kikuu kina vitivo kadhaa:
Chuo Kikuu cha Egerton kina Kampasi vitatu, moja yao ikiwa chuo kuu. Chuo kikuu kiko Njoro na kina vitivo vya Kilimo, Sanaa & Sayansi ya Jamii, Elimu na Mafunzo ya Jamii, Uhandisi na Teknolojia, Mazingira na Maendeleo ya Rasilimali, Sayansi na Dawa ya Mifugo. Kampasi ya Kenyatta iko kilomita 5 (3 mi) kutoka Kampasi ya Njoro na ina programu za Shule ya Mafunzo ya Uwazi na Umbali (SoDL). Kampasi ya Mji wa Nakuru, ambacho ni Chuo cha Chuo Kikuu pekee cha Chuo Kikuu na kinashikilia Vitivo vya Biashara, Sayansi ya Afya na Sheria.
Kufikia sasa, chuo kikuu hutoa mipango mingi za kitaaluma zinazosisimua. Wanafunzi wanaweza kupokea stashahada ya miaka tatu, shahada, shahada ya udaktari, au shahada ya uprofesa.
Katika mwaka wa 2005,chuo kikuu kilianzisha ushirikiano na Chuo Kikuu cha Michigan Magharibi ambayu huruhusu wanafunzi kukamilisha shahada zao nusu Egerton na kumaliza masomo yao katika chuo kikuu cha Michigan katika kozi ya Kompyuta Sayansi, Uhandisi na masuala ya biashara.
Binyavanga Wainaina

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Binyavanga Wainaina (18 Januari 1971 - 21 Mei 2019) alikuwa mwandishi kutoka nchini Kenya.
Alizaliwa Nakuru, nchini Kenya. Alihudhuria masomo ya msingi na sekondari nchini Kenya kabla ya kujiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Transkei, Afrika Kusini.
Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake alihamia katika jiji la Cape Town ambapo alifanya kazi kama mwandishi wa kujitegemea wa masuala ya chakula na utalii.
Mwezi Julai 2002 Binyavanga alishinda Tuzo ya Caine kwa Uandishi wa Kiafrika. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi wa jarida la fasihi la Kwani?, ambalo linachukuliwa kuwa ndio gazeti kuu la masuala ya fasihi toka Afrika Mashariki.
Aliaandika riwaya yake ya kwanza iitwayo The Fallen World of Appearances. Mwaka 2003 alipata tuzo toka Chama cha Wachapishaji wa Kenya (Kenya Publishers Association) kutokana na juhudi zake za kuendeleza fasihi ya Kenya.
Alisomea shahada ya pili ya Uandishi wa Ubunifu katika Chuo Kikuu cha East Anglia. Kazi zake zimetoka katika magazeti na majarida mbalimbali kama vile National Geographic, The East African, The Sunday Times (ya Afrika Kusini), The Guardian (ya Uingereza).
Baadhi ya kazi alizoandika ni:
Tarehe 1 Disemba 2016, katika siku ya UKIMWI Duniani, Wainaina alitangaza kupitia akaunti yake ya Twitter kwamba amethibitika kuwa na UKIMWI.
Wainaina amefariki dunia baada ya kupata ugonjwa majira ya saa nne usiku ya tarehe 21 Mei, 2019, katika Hospitali ya Aga Khan jijini Nairobi, hiyo ni kwa mujibu wa taarifa kutoka kwa wanandugu.
Mkoa wa Kati (Kenya)

Mkoa wa Kati (Central Province) ni mkoa wa Kenya unaoenea kati ya Mlima Kenya, Nairobi na Nyahururu. Eneo lake si kubwa lakini kuna msongamano mkubwa wa watu kulingana na mikoa ya jirani kwa sababu ya hali ya hewa na rutba ya ardhi inayolisha watu wengi. Nairobi iko nje ya mkoa.
Hali ya hewa mkoani ni poa hakuna baridi kali kutokana na kimo cha juu. Kuna mvua nyingi kiasi na majira yake ni kuanzia Machi hadi Mei halafu Oktoba hadi Novemba.
Mkoa wa Kati ni kitovu cha kilimo cha Kenya. Kuna kahawa nyingi pia mazao mengine. Maziwa na bidhaa kutokana na maziwa kama vile jibini hutengenezwa hasa mkoani. Soko zake ni pamoja na mji mkuu wa Nairobi ulio nje ya mkoa mwenyewe lakini imepakana nayo.
Makao makuuy a mkoa yapo Nyeri. Kuna wilaya saba kama zifuatazo:
Wenyeji asilia ni hasa Wagikuyu, Waembu na Wameru wanoitwa pia watu wa G.E.M.A. na kushirikiana historia ya pamoja wakitumia lugha ambazo ni karibu. Wanaaminiwa walifika mkoani katika karne ya 17.
Wakati wa ukoloni Waingereza waliona maeneo ya mkoa kufaa kwa walowezi Wazungu kutokana hali ya hewa. Hivyo sehemu kubwa zilitengwa kwa matumizi yao kwa jina la "White Highlands" (Nyanda za juu za Wazungu). Wenyeji wengi waliondolewa mashambani au walivumuliwa tu bila haki.
Siasa hii ilikuwa sababu hasa ya upinzani ulioanzishwa katika miaka ya 1940 kwa jina la Mau Mau.
Chini ya utawala wa rais Kenyatta mkoa uliona miradi mingi ya maendeleo kama barabara, viwanda na shule. Lakini wakati wa utawala wa Moi miradi mingi pamoja na barabara zilirudi nyuma.
Meru, Kenya

Meru ni mji wa Kenya mashariki ambao ni makao makuu ya Kaunti ya Meru na mji wa nane kwa ukubwa nchini Kenya.
Meru imeunda baraza la manispaa lenye wakazi 240,900.
Meru iko pande za Mto Kathita, katika mteremko wa kaskazini mashariki wa Mlima Kenya.
Mji huu uko umbali wa maili tano kaskazini mwa ikweta, urefu wa futi 5000, katika eneo la mchanganyiko wa misitu mahali wazi, miji midogo, vijiji, mashamba vijijini na wengi wa wakazi ni wa Ameru.
Unaweza kufikia mji huu ukitumia barabara ya lami, kwa vyovyote vile kama kutoka kusini kuzunguka upande wa mashariki wa Mlima Kenya, kupitia Embu, au kutoka katika eneo la kaskazini magharibi kuzunguka magharibi na kaskazini wa Mlima Kenya, kupitia Nanyuki na Timau.
Kaunti ya Meru ni mahali pa kuzuru Ili kutembelea eneo za kuhifahia wanyama ambazo ni Samburu na Buffalo Springs Lewa Downs, ambazo ziko mbali kiasi kaskazini mwa Meru, pamoja na Samburu na Buffalo Springs kupitia Isiolo, na Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Meru, katika kaskazini mwa Meru, kupitia Maua katika vilima vya Nyambeni.
Meru ni mji wa biashara, kilimo na elimu kaskazini ymw Kenya. Mji huu una mabenki na hoteli, masoko na vituo vya usafirishaji. Kahawa, chai, mbao, ng'ombe, maziwa, maharagwe ya "Kifaransa" na bidhaa nyingine nyingi hutoka katika Kaunti ya Meru. Pia kuna shule za msingi na sekondari, zikiwa pamoja na Shule kuu ya sekondari ya Meru na shule ya wasichana ya kaaga, ambazo ni baadhi ya chuo zinazoongoza katika taasisi za elimu ya sekondari Kenya. Chuo kikuu cha Emory ina ubia na Shule kuu ya sekondari ya Meru katika kusidiana na kompyuta, vitabu, na vifaa vya sayansi katika kumbukumbu ya George Brumley. Pia kuna shule za Ufundi. Taasisi ya ufundi Meru na Chuo cha Teknolojia ya Meru ambazo ndizo kuu. Pia, kuna vyuo vya ualimu na chuo kikuu cha Kenya Methodist University kinachojulikana kama KEMU.
Ni eneo muhimu la uzalizaji wa kahawa. inakuzwa na wengi wa wakulima wadogo, nakukuzwa chini ya kivuli. Mazao ya kahawa katika eneo la Meru huja mara mbili kwa mwaka, sawa n misimu miwili ya mvua, lakini mazao kuu katika Meru inakuja katika wakati tofauti kwa kiasi fulani kuliko mahali pengine nchini Kenya, kutokana na tofauti ya hali ya hewa kwenye kaskazini wa miteremko ya mlima Kenya na vilima vya Nyambenene. pia hukuzwa katika miinuko iliyo juu katika mchanga wa volkeno katika wilaya hii. Kahawa hii inatayarishwa na vyama vya ushirika vya wakulima wa kahawa ambavyo ni wenyewe viwanda vilivyo karibu na wakulima.
Meru ndio eneo kuu la ukuzaji wa Miraa (Khat) nchini Kenya. Wakulima wengi wanapendelea kuzalisha miraa kwa kuwa ina faida kubwa kifedha.
Makumbusho ya Taifa ya Meru yako katika mji.
0°03′N 37°39′E﻿ / ﻿0.050°N 37.650°E﻿ / 0.050; 37.650
Kijiko

Kijiko ni kifaa chenye umbo la duara lililobonyea kinachotumika wakati wa kula au mara nyingine kupakulia chakula.
Kimsingi vijiko hutumika kula vyakula rojorojo, kama vile supu, mchemsho na lambalamba, pia vyakula vidogovidogo na vilivyo ungaunga ambavyo haviwezi kuinuliwa kwa uma kama vile wali, sukari na nafaka.
Kwenye uokaji rojo ni laini sana kumimina au kudondosha kutoka kwenye kijiko.
Vijiko hutumika pia katika kupima, kuchanganya na kukoroga vitu mbalimbali kama vile viungo.
Vijiko hutumika pia kukorogea, kwa njia hii kijiko hupitishwa katika mchanganyiko na huzungushwazungushwa katika maduara ili kusaidia mchanganyiko huo uchanganyike kikamilifu.
Vijiko hutumiwa sana katika mapishi na upakuaji wa chakula.
Mifano ya vijiko mbalimbali vilivyotumiwa na [[Wamisri wa kale]] inahusisha vilivyotengenezwa kwa pembe za ndovu, mawe na mbao; vingi vilitiwa nakshi kwa alama za kidini.
Vijiko vya Wayunani na Warumi wa kale vilitengenezwa kwa shaba na fedha na mishikio yake ilikuwa imechongoka.
Siku hizi vijiko hutengenezwa kwa metali kama fedha, pia kwa mbao, plastiki na kauri.
Katika Asia ya Kaskazini, vijiko hutumika kama chombo cha msingi kwa ajili ya kula; uma zinatumika kusukuma vyakula kama wali kwenye vijiko pia na matumizi yake ya kawaida kama kukatia au kugawanyishia chakula.
Sufuria

Sufuria ni chombo ambacho kinatumika kupikia vyakula mbalimbali kama maharage, wali na vinginevyo moja kwa moja katika moto.
Sufuria ni chungu chenye msingi bapa, chenye ubavu, chenye midomo na kisicho na mpini. Inapatikana kila mahali nchini Kenya, Tanzania na mataifa mengine ya Maziwa Makuu. Badala ya vyombo zaidi vya jadi (ek fara), hutumika katika kaya nyingi za Kenya kupika, kuhudumia na kuhifadhi chakula. Mifuko mingi leo imetengenezwa kwa alumini, na inazalishwa na kununuliwa ndani ya nchi katika sekta isiyo rasmi. Sufuria ilitumiwa kwa jadi kupika juu ya moto wazi, brazier ya mkaa (jiko), au makaa ya mawe, na hununuliwa kwa ukubwa tofauti, na bila vifuniko.
Sufuria ni chombo cha kupikia kinachohimili kila aina ya moto kama moto wa kuni, gesi, pamoja na mkaa. Na pia chombo hiki cha kupikia huja kwa kila aina ya saizi kwaajili ya kuikimu mahitaji ya ipishi kwa kila aina ya saizi ya watu waliopo.
Inaweza kuwa na ukubwa na ujazo mbalimbali.
List of African cuisines

This is a list of African cuisines. A cuisine is a characteristic style of cooking practices and traditions, often associated with a specific culture. The various cuisines of Africa use a combination of locally available fruits, cereal grains and vegetables, as well as milk and meat products. In some parts of the continent, the traditional diet features a preponderance of milk, curd and whey products. The continent's diverse demographic makeup is reflected in the many different eating and drinking habits, dishes, and preparation techniques of its manifold populations.
Central Africa stretches from the Tibesti Mountains in the north to the vast rainforest basin of the Congo River, the highlands of Kivu and the savana of Katanga.
This region has received culinary influence of the Swahilis (culture that evolved via the combination of Bantu, Yemeni, Omani and Indian cultures) during the East African Slave Trade. Swahili culinary influences can be found in dishes such as mandanzi, pilaf rice, kachumbari, sambsusa, and kuku paka.
Central African cuisine has also been influenced by the Portuguese, by way of the Kongo and Ndongo Kingdoms. Salt fish was introduced following trade in the late 17th century, and the Kikongo term for salt fish, makayabu, comes from the term bacalhau (ba-cal-ha-u).
The Portuguese culinary influence is especially prominent in Angola, Sao Tomé and Equatorial Guinea. Central Africa has also been influenced by the cuisine of the regions East, West and Southern Africa because of their close proximity, e.g. babuté/bobotie is shared with the south, nyama choma with the east and gombos with West Africa.
The main ingredients are plantains, cassava, rice, kwanga (cassava dumpling) and yam. Fufu-like starchy foods are usually made from fermented cassava roots, but they can also be made with plantain, corn maize and yam. Fufu is served buffet style with grilled meat, fish, stews, greens and piment. A variety of local ingredients are used while preparing other dishes like spinach stew cooked with tomato, peppers, chillis, onions, and peanut butter. Eastern central Africa is also one of the few regions in Africa that uses potatoes as one of its main bases, since potatoes grow easily in the region.
Cassava plants are also consumed as cooked greens. Groundnut (peanut) stew is also prepared, containing chicken, okra, ginger, and other spices. Beef and chicken are favorite meat dishes, but game meat preparations containing crocodile, elephant, antelope and warthog are also served occasionally. Another favorite is bambara, a porridge of rice, peanut butter and sugar. A jomba is the bundling of foods in fresh green plantain leaves and then cooking them over hot coals or fire.
Beer in Kenya

Beer in Kenya started with Charles and George Hurst founded Kenya Breweries Limited in 1922 producing Tusker Lager. The name Tusker came about in memory of George who was trampled to death by a rogue male elephant in 1923.
White Cap Lager is a pale lager and depicts the snow-capped peak of Mount Kenya. It is noted to be favorite of former president Mwai Kibaki.
White Cap and Tusker Lager are both products of East African Breweries Limited brewed in Ruaraka from locally sourced barley.
Keroche Breweries founded in 1997 and based in Naivasha brews Summit Malt. Big Five Breweries and Sierra Premium are based in Nairobi and specialize in craft brewing.
Central Province (Kenya)

The Central Province (Swahili: Kati, Gikuyu: Gichigo gia Gatagati) was a region in central Kenya until 2013, when Kenya's provinces were replaced by a system of counties. It covered an area of 11,449 km (4,420 sq mi) and was located to the north of Nairobi and west of Mount Kenya (see maps). The province had 4,383,743 inhabitants according to the 2009 census. The provincial headquarters was Nyeri.
Central Province was the ancestral home of the Gikuyu people.
The climate of Central Province is generally cooler than that of the rest of Kenya, due to the region's higher altitude. Rainfall is fairly reliable, falling in two seasons, one from early March to May (the long rains) and a second during October and November (the short rains).
Central Province is a key producer of coffee, one of Kenya's key exports. Much of Kenya's dairy industry is also based in this province. The provincial headquarters were in Nyeri. Central Province was divided into seven districts (wilaya'at) until 2007:
Several new districts (declared sub-counties in 2013) were created in 2007:
The Central Province was replaced by 5 counties in 2013.
The province is inhabited by the Kikuyu speaking community almost exclusively. They are part of the Kenya Eastern Bantus.
During Kenya's colonization by the British, much of the province was regarded as part of the 'White Highlands', for the exclusive use of the European community. Therefore, it saw political activity from the local communities who felt that they had an ancestral right to the land. This tension culminated in the 1950s with the Mau Mau rebellion; which saw the region placed under a state of emergency and the arrest of many prominent political leaders.
Gitugi
Central Bank of Kenya

The Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) (Swahili: Banki Kuu ya Kenya) is the monetary authority of Kenya. Its head office is located in Nairobi. CBK was founded by in 1966 after the dissolution of East African Currency Board (EACB). Dr. Kamau Thugge, CBS is the current Governor and Dr. Susan Koech is the Deputy Governor.
The bank’s executive management team comprises the governor, deputy governors and heads of departments. The governor assumes the role of Chief Executive Officer of the bank and is therefore responsible for its overall management. The governor is also the bank’s official spokesperson.
The current governor of the bank is Dr. Kamau Thugge. Former governors of the bank are:
The current deputy governors are Susan Koech and Gerald Nyaoma.
The current board of directors is as follows:
The CBK joined the Association of African Central Banks on December 23, 1968.
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the CBK instituted a loan restructuring program to help financially distressed borrowers. The restructuring program was in place from March 2020 to March 2021.
In 2021, legislation passed the National Assembly that allows the CBK to cap interest rates and to revoke the licenses of digital lenders that breach the Data Protection Act or the Consumer Protection Act.
In October 2023, while responding to questions from a parliamentary committee on finance and national planning, CBK Governor Dr. Thugge said the decline in international reserves was caused by an overvaluation of the shilling against the dollar. This was against the backdrop of a gradual reduction in import cover from 5.5 months to 3.7 months. Thugge cited data from the IMF and World Bank which put the overvaluation of the shilling in the range of 20-25%. According to the Governor, the attempt to artificially maintain a strong exchange rate came at the cost of losing vital international reserves.
Moro de guandules

Moro de guandules (Moorish pigeon peas) is a rice and pigeon pea dish from the Dominican Republic.
Moro de gunadules is a one pot dish made with long-grain rice, pigeon peas, celery, cubanelle pepper, red onion, garlic, lippia micromera (Caribbean oregano), cilantro, tomato paste, and occasionally olives and capers.
When coconut milk is added it is known as moro de guandules con coco.
Traditionally served on special events and holidays but can easily be found throughout the year.
Rocket stove

A rocket stove is an efficient and hot burning stove using small-diameter wood fuel. Fuel is burned in a simple combustion chamber containing an insulated vertical chimney, which ensures almost complete combustion prior to the flames reaching the cooking surface. Rocket stove designs are most often used for portable stoves for cooking but the design is also used for large, fixed stoves in institutions, and to make rocket mass heaters for heating.
A precursor to the rocket stove was the Argand lamp, which was patented in 1780. This was a major development of the traditional oil lamp, which introduced a glass chimney above the flame to increase air-flow. As well as being used for lighting, this design was also used for cooking and for heating water due to its "affording much the strongest heat without smoke."
Larry Winiarski, Technical Director of Aprovecho, began developing the rocket stove in 1980 based on a VITA stove, designed by Sam Baldwin, and rediscovered the principles of the systems developed by the Romans in hypocaust heating and cooking systems. A stove was designed to make tortillas based on the principles of the rocket stove and won an Ashden Award in 2005. Aprovecho won the same award in 2006 for their rocket stoves. Aprovecho rocket stoves were sold in Lesotho, Malawi, Uganda, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia.
Many developing countries use traditional wood fuel stoves without proper ventilation, which produces indoor concentrations of smoke particles "typically 10 to 100 times the long-term levels recommended by the World Health Organization." Chronic exposure to these particles are linked with disease. Rocket stoves are better at combusting the fuel, thus using less fuel and producing less smoke, carbon monoxide, and soot.
In rural Kenya, a comparison of traditional three-stone stoves and rocket mud stoves (RMS) showed that RMS use resulted in a 33% reduction of carbon monoxide production in the kitchen and a 42% reduction in "personal" carbon monoxide production, which was measured with data loggers placed on clothing.
Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) leads the programme Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), which helps identify ways to mitigate threats faced by these systems and their people and enhance the benefits derived from these dynamic systems.
Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems recognize remarkable land use systems and landscapes full of life and biodiversity, resilient ecosystems, and valuable cultural heritages managed by farmers, herders, fisherfolk, and forest people. Communities that have preserved and developed complex, diverse, and locally adapted agricultural systems that nowadays provide sustainably many goods and services, food, and livelihood security for millions of people around the world.
As of November 2023, the GIAHS Programme has awarded the designation to 86 sites in 26 countries, with 10 additional proposals in queue.
Brown Betty (teapot)

A Brown Betty is a type of teapot, round and with a manganese brown glaze known as Rockingham glaze.
The original teapots came from a red clay that was discovered in the Stoke-on-Trent area of Britain, in 1695. This clay resulted in a ceramic which seemed to retain heat better and so found use as the material for the teapot as early as the seventeenth century. These early pots were tall and shaped more like coffee pots. In the nineteenth century the pots began to take on the more rounded shape of the modern Brown Betty. The Rockingham Glaze was brushed on the pot and allowed to run down the sides, creating a streaky finish as it was fired.
In the Victorian era, when tea was at its peak of popularity, tea brewed in the Brown Betty was considered excellent. This was attributed to the design of the pot which allowed the tea leaves more freedom to swirl around as the water was poured into the pot, releasing more flavour with less bitterness.
Central Anatolia region

The Central Anatolia region (Turkish: İç Anadolu Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey. The largest city in the region is Ankara, the capital of Turkey. Other big cities are Konya, Kayseri, Eskişehir, Sivas, Aksaray and Kırşehir .
Located in Central Turkey, it is bordered by the Aegean region to the west, the Black Sea region to the north, the Eastern Anatolia region to the east, and the Mediterranean region to the south. It also shares a very slight border with the Marmara region in Bilecik Province.
Geographic subdivisions of the Central Anatolia region include:
Palearctic regions include:
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests include:
Temperate coniferous forests are Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests.
Central Anatolian steppe are classified as Temperate grasslands, savannas and shrublands.
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub include:
Provinces that are entirely in the Central Anatolia region:
Provinces that are mostly in the Central Anatolia region:
Provinces that are partially in the Central Anatolia region:
Central Anatolia has a semi-arid continental climate with hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters. Most of the region usually has low precipitation throughout the year.
39°00′N 33°00′E﻿ / ﻿39.000°N 33.000°E﻿ / 39.000; 33.000
Central Region (Ghana)

The Central Region is one of the sixteen administrative regions of Ghana. Ashanti and Eastern regions border it to the north, Western region to the west, Greater Accra region to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south. The Central Region is renowned for its many elite high schools and an economy based on an abundance of industrial minerals and tourism. The Central region boasts of many tourist attractions, such as castles, forts and beaches dotted along the region's coastline.
The Central Region is a hub of education, with some of the best schools in the country. The region's economy is dominated by services, followed by mining and fishing. Cape Coast Castle and Elmina Castle are prominent UNESCO World Heritage Sites and serve as a reminder of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. The Central Region is a major center for tourism within Ghana and it has beaches and national parks (Kakum National Park). U.S. President Barack Obama made his first international trip to the city of Cape Coast in 2009.
The Central Region is well known for its varied choices in cuisine. Etsew and Fantefante (fresh fish palm oil stew) is the main dish enjoyed. Kenkey and Fufu are both eaten with a variety of sauces, stews, and soups. Seafood is commonly eaten across the Central Region.
The political administration of the region is through the local government system. Under this administration system, the region is divided into 22 MMDA's (made up of 1 Metropolitan, 7 Municipal and 14 District Assemblies). Each District, Municipal or Metropolitan Assembly, is administered by a Chief Executive, representing the central government but deriving authority from an Assembly headed by a presiding member elected from among the members themselves. The current list is as follows:
5°30′N 1°00′W﻿ / ﻿5.500°N 1.000°W﻿ / 5.500; -1.000
Lurah Pasandiang, Jorong Piladang, Koto Tangah Batu Hampa

Lurah Pasandiang adolah Dusun yang talatak di Jorong Piladang, Nagari Koto Tangah Batu Hampa, kecamatan Akabiluru, kabupaten Lima Puluh kota, Sumatra Barat.
Dusun ko marupoan salah satu dari tigo dusun inti di wilayah "Tigo di Alua" Jorong Piladang, iyolah Guguak Malintang di sabalah utaro, jo Guguak Nunang di sabalah timua no.
Dusun nan ado di bawah Jorong indak tamasuak dalam administrasi daerah di Indonesia khususnyo Sumatera Barat, hanyo sajo nan disabuik dusun di Minangkabau hanyo pamukiman nan labiah ketek jo agak tapisah dalam administrasi (adaik) Jorong saman Lurah Pasandiang nan ko contoah no, tapi ado juo jorong nan indak punyo pambagian dusun dek pamukiman no nan dakek jo indak tapisah.
Rabano

Rabano adolah gandang babantuak bulek jo pipih nan dikenal di kawasan sarumpun Malayu, khususnyo di Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, jo Singapura. Inyo punyo babagai variasi jo namo takah rebana atau terbangan. Rabano umumnyo manyartai kagiatan seni Islam takah kasidah atau salawat. Di Minangkabau, kasenian nan manggunan rabano iyolah dikia rabano.
Kato rabano barasal dari bahaso Arab, robbana ("Tuhan kami"). Rabano tabuek dari kayu nan dipapek pado bingkainyo, samantaro bagian mukonyo tabuek kulik kambing.
Selain di kawasan sarumpun Malayu, rabano digunoan pulo dek urang Cham di Kamboja dan manjadi asa mulo alaik musik rabana dek orang-orang Sinhala di Sri Lanka.
Komunitas Seni Sakato

Komunitas Seni Sakato atau KSS (atau Sakato Art Community) adolah suatu kalompok seniman seni rupo (parupo) Indonesia nan para anggotanyo barasa dari Sumatera Barat atau baetnis Minangkabau. Kalompok nan mayoritas anggotanyo marupoan mahasiswa sarato alumni Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta ko laia pado taun 1995 di kota Yogyakarta, DIY, dan baanggotaan labiah dari saratuih urang palukih jo pamatuang.
Sakato Art Community kudian malaiaan pulo babarapo kalompok nan labiah ketek, sarupo Kelompok Seni Rupa Jendela (KSR Jendela, nan laia pado taun 1996), Kelompok Genta (1998), sarato Kelompok Semoet, sahinggo diistilahan sabagai rumah di dalam rumah.
Dalam pajalanan sajarahnyo, Sakato Art Community alah malahiaan parupo-parupo Indonesia nan bataraf nasional jo internasional, sarupo Handiwirman Saputra, Jumaldi Alfi, Mohammad Irfan (M. Irfan), Rudi Mantofani, Yunizar, dan Zulfa Hendra, nan masuak dalam kalompok limo ratuih palukih talaris dunia versi Top 500 Artprice 2008/2009 nan disusun dek sabuah limbago analis pakambangan pasar seni rupo dunia, Artprice, nan babasis di Paris, Perancis.
Komunitas Seni Sakato indak hanyo melahiaan palukih-palukih tanamo, tapi alah mancuatkan pulo babarapo namo pamatuang nan dikenal di dunia seni rupo, samacam Abdi Setiawan, Basrizal Albara, Yusra Martunus, sarato babarapo namo lainnyo.
Gusmiati Suid

Gusmiati Suid (lahia di Parak Jua, Batusangkar, Tanah Datar, Sumatra Barat, 16 Agustus 1942 – maningga di Jakarta, 28 September 2001 pado umua 59 taun) marupoan panata tari (koreografer). Baliau dipandang sabagai maestro tari di dunia seni tari kontemporer Indonesia.
Dek indak pueh jo tarian Minangkabau sabalunnyo, nan dianggok gamulai bana jo baku, sarupo garak tari payuang, tari piriang, tari galombang jo lainnyo, inyo mulai mambuek tari Rantak, nan maadopsi garakan dari silek nan ado di Minangkabau. Hampia sado tari karyanyo kalua dari khas Tari Minangkabau. Mako co itu, Gusmiati dianggok sabagai pambarontak di dunia seni tari bagi masyarakai seni Minangkabau.
Inyo alan malahian babarapo karya seni tari tanamo, diantaronyo tari Kabar Burung, Api Dalam Sekam dan tari Rantak pado taun 1976. Sapanjang sapak tajangno di dunia tari, Gusmiati alah mambuek labiah dari 30 karya seni tari pementasan. Gusmiati ko mamimpin sanggar tari Gumarang Sakti. Baduo anaknyo, Boy G. Sakti, alah mambuek banyak karya seni tari bataraf nasional jo internasional malalui sanggar tari tu.
Gusmiati dianggok barasia manciptaan dan maraiah panghargaan di Pekan Tari Rakyat Indonesia pado taun 1978. Inyo pun alah acok manampilan karyanya di lua nagari, di Lausanne, Swiss, pado taun 1980, jo di "Asia Festival of Theatre, Dance and Martial Art" di Calcutta, India, pado taun 1987. Pado taun 1991 inyo mandapek panghargaan "Bessies Award" dari New York Dance and Performance. Sanggar tari Gumarang Sakti nan didiriannyo pado taun 1982 manjadi satu-satunyo wakia Asia di dalam acara tari Internationalis Tanz Festival ke-6 di Jerman pado bulan Juni taun 1994. Festival iko dialek untuak mamparingati 100 taun lahianyo ari modern.
Gusmiati banyak bajaso jo tari Minangkabau, dalam karya-karyanyo indak paranah maninggaan identitas Minangkabau. Gusmiati Suid manjadi tunggak pangambangan budayo alam Minangkabau.
Zulfa Hendra

Zulfa Hendra adolah surang parupo Indonesia nan baaktivitas sabagai palukih. Zulfa basamo jo limo urang kawannyo, yaitu Saftari, Yon Indra, Gusmen Heriadi, Ardison, jo Febri Antoni (Alm.) tagabuang dalam kalompok parupo Genta nan laia sarato babasis di kota Yogyakarta, DIY.
Zulfa Hendra basamo 20 parupo Indonesia lainnyo masuak dalam daftar 500 palukih talaris di dunia badasarkan Top 500 Artprice 2008/2009 nan disusun dek sabuah limbago analis pakambangan pasar seni rupo dunia, Artprice, nan babasis di kota Paris, Perancis.
Rumah Tradisional Negeri Sembilan

Rumah Tradisional Nagari Sembilan (bahaso Malayu: "Rumah Tradisional Nagari Sembilan") adolah rumah tradisional nan dibangun dek katurunan Minangkabau nan barasimilasi jo Urang Asli di Nagari Sambilan, Malaysia. Rumah tradisional ko marupokan evolusi dari Rumah Gadang nan ado di Sumatera Barat, Indonesia, nan alah dipadukan jo unsua arsitektur Malayu setempat. Urang awam banyak manyabuiknyo sabagai Rumah Minangkabau Nagari Sembilan.
Ciri khas rumah ko nampak pado bantuak atoknyo nan mamanjang sarato malantiak di kaduo ujuangnyo, namun indak malankuang tajam co gonjong Rumah Gadang. Dek karano itulah, rumah ko disabuik juo sabagai Rumah Bumbung Panjang Nagari Sembilan (bahaso Melayu: "Rumah Atok Panjang Nagari Sambilan").
Rumah Lontiok

Rumah Lontiok (bahaso Ocu: "Rumah Lantiak") adolah rumah tradisional urang Kampar, Riau nan babantuak rumah pangguang. Namo rumah ko barasa dari bantuak atoknyo nan malangkuang lantiak, hampia sarupo atok pado Rumah Bagonjong. Rumah tradisional ko manggunokan arsitektur Malayu nan juo mampunyoi kasarupoan jo arsitektur Minangkabau. Rumah ko bafungsi sabagai tampek tingga maupun acara adaik. Kini rumah ko alah muloi jarang ditamukan, dek karano masyarakaik labiah mamiliah untuak mambangun rumah modern.
Namo lain dari rumah ko iolah Rumah Lancang atau Pencalang. Namo tu diambiak karano bantuak rumah nan manyarupoi parahu lancang.
Dadiah

Dadiah marupoan susu kabau nan difermentasi sacaro alami di dalam buluah atau ruej batang batuang. Biasonyo, fermentasi nan tajadi balangsuang saindaknyo salamo sahari panuah. Pado umumnyo dadiah nan ka dijua di pasa iolah dadiah nan baumua duo hari. Dari sigi bahaso, kato dadiah sarupo jo dudh, bahaso dari etnis Sindhi (India dan Pakistan). Samantaro itu, tabiaik urang Parsia mamakan susu nan alah diparam samo bawang putiah jo mantimun, sarupo jo tabiaik urang Minangkabau maso dulu nan mamakan dadiah.
Dadiah diparam di dalam batuang nan ditutuik jo daun pisang atau daun waru nan alah dilayuan di ateh api. Caro pamaraman dikarajoan dalam suhu ruangan hinggo tajadi gumpalan kiri-kiro 2 hinggo 3 hari.
Dadiah biasonyo dimakan pas sarapan pagi, dicampua jo ampiang jo gulo merah. Dadiah buliah juo dimakan jo nasi sabagai samba.
Dari babarapo panalitian dikatahui bahwasanyo dadiah manganduang bakteri nan elok yaitunyo asam laktat (Lactobacillus casei) nan potensial sabagai probiotik. Asam laktat di dalam dadiah bagno dalam pambantuakan tekstur jo cito raso. Bakteri asam laktat sarato jo produk turunannyo dapek mancagah timbulnyo babagai panyakik sarupo mancagah enterik bakteri patogen, manurunan kadar kolesterol di dalam darah, mancagah kanker usus, anti mutagen, anti karsinogenik, jo maningkekan daya tahan tubuah. Salain tu, dadih sangaik baguno sabagai antivaginitis.
Nana Firman

Nana Firman mampunyoi namo panjang Nana Fitriana Firman lahia di Jambi pado 5 Juli 1970 adolah padusi badarah Minangkabau nan dikenal sabagai aktivis lingkungan global. Nana juo marupoan salah ciek pandiri Global Muslim Climate Network jo saat iko manjadi sanior ambasador di Greenfaith.
Nana alah tatarik jo pasoalan lingkungan iduik sajak maso ketek. Sasudah lulus SMA, Nana mamutuihan manimba ilmu bidang industrial design (desain industri) di Universitas Bridgeport, Connecticut. Kamudian malanjuikan S-2 bidang Urban Design (Desain Perkotaan) di Pratt Institute, New York. Sasudah lulus kuliah, inyo baliak ka Indonesia pado tahun 1998. Salanjuiknyo inyo mulai bakacimpung dalam babagai isu perkotaan di Citinent Indonesia selama 1,5 tahun. Tahun 2000, inyo sempat manangani isu kemanusiaan bersama Nurani Dunia saat banyak terjadi konflik horizontal di Indonesia.
1 (angko)

1 (ciek, satu, aso) adolah bilangan bulek positif nan paliang ketek . Jikok 0 indak tamasuak sabagai bilangan asali (biasonyo dilambangkan jo N 1 {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} _{1}} , N + {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} ^{+}} , atau N ∗ {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} ^{*}} untuak manguekkan baso 0 indak dimasuakkan), dapek disabuik baso 1 adolah bilangan asali paliang ketek. Dalam urutan bilangan bulek, 1 adolah bilangan sabalun 2 sasudah 0.
Angko paliang sederhana adolah angko 1. Ado tasabuik, "Mulai mambilang dari aso, mulai mangaji dari alif". Angko 1 adolah dasar untuak baretong, mauruik, dan maukua. Urutan ka-1 disabuik partamo. Dalam bahaso Minangkabau, awalan sa- manunjuakkan makna ciek.
Apria Putra

Apria Putra (lahia 1 April 1989 di Mungo) adolah panulih sejarah ulama di Minangkabau, filolog, mubalig, dan dosen di UIN Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi. Apria Putra dipanggia juo dengan gala Buya Apria Putra Ongku Mudo Khalis dan kini tingga di Padang Mangateh, Mungo, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota.
Ulama-Ulama Luak Nan Bungsu: Catatan Biografi Ulama-Ulama Luak Lima Puluh Kota serta Perjuangannya (buku sejarah, 2011)
Bibliografi Karya Ulama Minangkabau Awal Abad XX: Dinamika Intelektual Kaum Tua dan Kaum Muda bersama Chairullah Ahmad (buku sejarah, 2011)
Urang Malayu Singapura

Malayu Singapura (Jawi: ملايو سيڠاڤورا) tadiri ateh urang Malayu jo etnis lainnyo nan takaik, sarupo nan didefinisikan dek Pamarintah Singapura jo kaum cadiak candokio di nagara tasabuik nan mamakai konsep laweh dari ras Malayu. Walau baitu Malayu adolah panduduak asali dari wilayah nan kini disabauik sabagai Singapura, dan jo kuaso politik nan panah tagak sarato tacataik sajak mulo abaik ka-13 Masehi, sabagian gadang Malayu di Singapura kini tadiri ateh urang-urang nan barasa dari Malaysia, Brunei jo Indonesia. Sabalun kadatangan Raffles, ado rami panduduak Malayu nan tingga di pulau tu di bawah Kasultanan Johor. Sabagian gadang panduduak Malayu barasa dari Nusantara.
Urang Minangkabau alah lamo marantau ka Singapura. Galombang rantau dari Sumatera taranti samantaro katiko Malaya (katiko itu Singapura bagabuang) pado taun 1957. Mayoritas urang Minang nan marantau ka Singapura tibo dari Pariaman jo Agam, Sumatera Barat. Banyak darinyo nan talibaik dalam niago, utamonyo manggaleh Nasi Padang. Panggaleh-panggaleh ko biaso bakadai di Kampung Arab jo Geylang. Inyo ado pulo nan bakarajo sabagai supir taksi atau urang parak, bahkan ado pulo nan manjadi pagawai pamarintahan. Rami pulo urang Minang nan bakarajo di ateh kapa nan dipunyoi sarikat dagang. Urang Minang sangkek tu panah pulo mambantuak organisasi parantau inggo dilarang samaso Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia taun 1962-1966.
Salapeh Singapura mardeka dari Malaysia taun 1965, rami urang Minangkabau di Singapura bapindah ka Malaysia atau baliak ka Sumatera. Urang-urang nan tingga di Singapura baasimilasi jo komunitas Malayu lainnyo, inggo banyak pulo rang mudo Minang nan manikah jo padusi Malayu satampek. Dek hal iko, ubuangan ka komunitas Minangkabau lainnyo manjadi lungga. Pado taun 1973, dipakirokan ado 200 kaluarga Minangkabau di Singapura dan ampia sadonyo bakawarganagaraan Singapura.
Dataran tinggi Minangkabau

Dataran tinggi Minangkabau, disabuik juo jo istilah Padang Darek (bahaso Balando: Padangsche Bovenlanden), adolah daerah pagunuangan di Sumatera Barat nan maliputi tigo gunuang, iyolah Gunuang Marapi, Gunuang Singgalang, jo Gunuang Sago, nan lataknyo di bagian tangah Sumatera, Indonesia. Dataran tinggi ko tamasuak dalam jajaran pagunuangan nan mambantang di tangah-tangah pulau Sumatera, nan disabuik Bukik Barisan.
Urang Minangkabau picayo baso awanyo niniak muyang mareka bamukim di lereng selatan Gunuang Marapi, indak jauah dari Bukiktinggi. Dari Gunuang Marapi tu, mareka lalu manyeba ka tigo tampek utamo; iyolah ka utara maadok jo Gunuang Singgalang mambantuak Luhak Agam, ka tenggara mambantuak Luhak Tanah Data, dan ka timur lauik maadok Gunuang Sago mambantuak Luhak Limopuluah Koto. Katigo kawasan Luhak, nan disabuik juo jo namo Luhak Nan Tigo, dianggok sabagai kawasan inti nan manjadi tampek asa (Alam Minangkabau) dari nagari-nagari lainnyo di saluruah wilayah adaik Minangkabau. Di tiok-tiok nagari dapek ditamuan kisah-kisah pambantuakan pamukiman baru dek niniak muyang mareka nan baasa dari katigo Luhak tu.
Daerah tasabuik mulai dikana saindaknyo sajak abaik ka-7 jo namo Malayu, bahkan dalam babagai batu basurek paninggalan Adityawarman (1347–1375) disabuikan baso namo karajaannyo adolah Malayupura. Sangaik mungkin baso patanian sawah bakambang labiah daulu di daerah dataran tinggi, sabalun kudian taseba ka babagai daerah lainnyo di Sumatera, iyolah sabalun tajadinyo ubuangan padagangan jo urang asiang.
Catatan urang Portugis manyabuik baso ameh banyak ditambang di dataran tinggi Minangkabau, untuak kudian dibao ka Malaka dalam bantuak abu ameh. Balando mulai maeksploitasi cadangan ameh dataran tinggi ko pado 1680-an. Mareka manguasoi padagangan di daerah ko, jo antaro 1820-1899 sabana manakan jo mambateh aruih padagangan dari dataran tinggi ka palabuahan, inggo produksi bareh jadi manurun.
Bunei (namo zaman Japang)

Zaman Bun-ei (文永) adolah Namo zaman di Jopang satalah koa zaman Kōchō, sabalun zaman Kenji dan balangsuang dari taun 1264 hinggo taun 1274. Pado maso pamarintahan Kaisar Kameyama dan balanjuik ka Kaisar Go-uda. Pangeran Munetaka manjabaik shogun (将軍) di Kashogunan Kamakura, dan balanjuik ka Pangeran Koreyasu. Jabatan shikken (執権) dipogang dek Hōjō Nagatoki, jo Hōjō Masamura, jo Hōjō Tokimune.
Daftar kecamatan jo kelurahan di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan

Barikuik adolah Daftar Kecamatan jo Kelurahan/Desa di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia. Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan tadiri dari 32 kecamatan, 12 kelurahan, jo 266 desa. Pado tahun 2017, jumlah panduduaknyo mancapai 463.857 urang jo laweh wilayah 3.947,00 km² jo sebaran panduduak 117 urang/km².
Daftar kecamatan jo kelurahan di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan, adolah sabagai barikuik:
List of Chinese loanwords in Indonesian

The Chinese loanwords are usually concerned with cuisine, trade or often just exclusively things Chinese. According to the 2000 census, the relative number of people of Chinese descent in Indonesia (termed the peranakan) is almost 1% (totaling to about 3 million people.) Words of Chinese origin (presented here with accompanying Hokkien/ Mandarin pronunciation derivatives as well as traditional and simplified characters) include pisau (匕首 bǐshǒu – knife), mie (T:麵, S:面, Hokkien mī – noodles), lumpia (潤餅 (Hokkien = lūn-piáⁿ) – springroll), teko (T:茶壺, S:茶壶 = cháhú [Mandarin], teh-ko [Hokkien] = teapot), 苦力 kuli = 苦 khu (bitter) and 力 li (energy) and even the widely used slang terms gua and lu (or gue and lo) (from the Hokkien 'goa' 我 and 'lu/li' 你 – meaning 'I/ me' and 'you'). Almost all loanwords in Indonesian of Chinese origin come from Hokkien (福建) or Hakka (客家).
2023 in video games

In the video game industry, 2023 saw significant changes within larger publishers and developers. Microsoft, after having satisfied worldwide regulatory bodies, completed its $69 billion acquisition of Activision Blizzard, making them the third largest game publisher in the world. Embracer Group, which had been in an acquisition spree over the previous few years, had an estimated $2 billion deal fall through, causing many of the studios under Embracer to either lay off staff or close entirely. Similar layoffs were seen at Unity, Amazon, ByteDance, Epic Games, Bungie, and Ubisoft, leading to over 9,000 jobs lost in the industry in 2023 and part of a larger trend of layoffs at technology companies in 2023.
Baldur's Gate 3 was the first game to sweep the five major awards: the Golden Joystick Awards, the Game Awards, the D.I.C.E. Awards, the Game Developers Choice Awards, and the BAFTA Games Awards.
The number of highly praised video games released in 2023 was considered unusually high compared to most years, with 25 games having a 90 out of 100 or better aggregate score on Metacritic by October 2023; this made it the best year by number of acclaimed games, the largest since 2004. This year was comparable to the slate of highly praised releases in 1992, 1997 and 2008. The reasons for this include the fact that most of the top games were delayed or not even developed until after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, leading to greater quality in gaming overall, and that the ninth generation of consoles had become entrenched for developers.
The following table lists the top-rated games released in 2023 based on Metacritic, which generally considers expansions as separate entities.
The following titles were 2023's top ten best-selling premium games by region (excluding microtransactions and free-to-play titles) on PC and console platforms, for Japan, the United States, and Europe.
List of Japanese loanwords in Indonesian

Japanese is an East Asian language spoken by about 126 million people, primarily in Japan, where it is the official language and national language. The influx of Japanese loanwords can be classified into two periods, Japanese colonial administration period (1942–1945) and globalisation of Japanese popular culture (1980-now). As Indonesian is written using Latin script, Japanese romanisation systems influence the spelling in Indonesian.
Most vowels are retained without significant change in Indonesian, except in vowels length and pitch accent (there are no vowels length distinction and no pitch accent in Indonesian).
Traditional games in Indonesia

Traditional games in Indonesia are games that are commonly played by Indonesian children and have roots / acculturated to the Indonesian native culture. Indonesian parents often use traditional games to educate their children about character building. As a result, nearly all children in the era before the 1990s played traditional games.
This game is played by 2 (two) or more people. It is similar with Rock-paper-scissors from China-Japan. This game is also known as suit, and are often used to determine roles or turns at the beginning of the games.
The rules to decide who is the winner:
Another variation of Rock-paper-scissors with much simpler rules. Played with three or more players using their palm and back of the hand.
Hom-Pim-Pa used to start several traditional games that rely on team decision-making.
Petak umpet is Indonesian for hide and seek. Petak Umpet can be played by many players. Starting with Hom pim pah for deciding the cat or the seeker among more than two players. The cat closes his/ her eyes, faces the wall/ tree as inglo (basecamp) for a while, and counts until 25 before The cat starts looking for the other players. If the other players who are hiding touch the base, the game will be repeated with the same cat. The game ends when all the players, who are hiding, are found and the first discovered is the next cat.
Similar to capture the flag, this game features two teams split into two halves of the field and looking to invade the other team's territory. Each team has a pole in its half, and the goal of the game is to touch the pole in the other team's half without being tagged, because being tagged turns one into a prisoner of the other team.
Also known as Galah Asin, this game involves players on the offensive team trying to cross the lines of a narrow field without being tagged by opponents standing on those lines.
Kucing-kucingan, also known as cat and mouse (playground game) is a type of game that is widely played in Indonesia. This game does not require any tools, it only requires a group of people to play this game. According to the ancient records of Serat Karya Saraja, this game is estimated to have existed since 1913 in Java. In ancient times, many children played running around like cats chasing mouse, and this is where the origin of this game was named kucing-kucingan. Kucing is indonesian for cat. This game does not require a large area of land, but enough space to play in groups.
How to play:
Congklak is a traditional game known by various names on the Indonesian archipelago. The most common name, congklak, is taken from cowrie shell, which is commonly used to Playing Congklak. In Java, the games is known as congklak, dakon, dhakon, or dhakonan. In Lampung, the game is called dentuman lamban. In Sulawesi, Mokaotan, Maggaleceng, Aggalacang and Nogarata.
National Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indonesia

The National Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indonesia is a "living culture" that contains philosophical elements from the traditions of society and is still handed down from generation to generation. Edi Sedyawati (in the introduction to the Intangible Cultural Heritage Seminar, 2002) added an important element in the notion of intangible cultural heritage is the nature of culture that cannot be held (abstract), such as concepts and technology, its nature can pass and disappear in time with the times such as language, music, dance, ceremony, and various other structured behaviors. Thus, cultural heritage is shared by a community or community and experiences development from generation to generation, in the flow of a tradition. The Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia records and establishes a list of intangible cultural heritage. As of June 2020, a total of 9,770 cultural heritages have been recorded and 1,086 of them have been designated.
The legal basis for the activities of recording, stipulating, and nominating the Intangible Cultural Heritage is as follows:
Referring to the 2003 UNESCO convention on safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage called Intangible Cultural Heritage divided into five domains, each domain and its explanation, among others:
Performing arts consist of:
Cultural works included in Traditions and Oral Expressions are:
Community Customs, Rites, and Celebrations, consisting of:
Knowledge and Habits of Behavior Regarding Nature and the Universe, consisting of:
Traditional Crafts Skills and Proficiency, consisting of