davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Times Bookstores

Times Bookstore is a chain of bookstores in Singapore which is part of the Times Publishing Group, a unit of Fraser and Neave, which started in Singapore in 1978.
There are currently Times Bookstore stores in Macau (1 Times Bookstore at The Venetian Macao).
Times Bookstore opened at Lippo Karawaci Lippo Supermall in Indonesia in 2008 Lippo Supermall location has since closed and second location at Universitas Pelita Harapan was converted to Books and Beyond in 2012.
Times Bookstore previously had operations in Singapore but however ceased from 22 September 2024.
Gunung Agung (bookstore)

Gunung Agung is one of Indonesia's leading bookstore companies. It is named after the volcano of that name in Bali, Indonesia.
The origin of the bookstore dates back to 1953 when the late Tjio Wie Tay (1927–1990), who later became popularly known as Haji Masagung, started a kiosk selling books, newspaper and magazines under the partnership name Thay San Kongsie in Central Jakarta, part of Jakarta. As the business grew bigger and more complex in the early post-independence years, Masagung established a new company that published and imported books, named Firma Gunung Agung.
The company continued to grow with the support of poets, writers, scholars and journalists. Amidst the difficulties faced by the new nation, Masagung pioneered the effort to open the eyes of the nation through books. He organized Indonesia's first book fair in 1954.
In the period 1950–80 Gunung Agung published several book series, including Seri Kesusasteraan Indonesia, Sebuah Tinjauan Filosofis and Seri Ilmu dan Masjarakat.
MPH Group

MPH Group Malaysia Sdn Bhd is a Malaysian group of companies best known for its book retailing and online retailing services as well as being involved in the printing, publishing and distribution of books and library services in Malaysia and Singapore. Its bookstore chain, MPH Bookstores Sdn Bhd, headquartered in Petaling Jaya, Selangor, has been among the largest in Malaysia after Popular. In 2020 MPH closed many of its bookstores in Malaysia and Singapore and concentrated its efforts on selling books via its online bookstore.
Captain W.G. Shellabear is recognized as the founder of MPH. In 1890, he established the Amelia Bishop Press in Singapore, publishing Christian literature. The company eventually began publishing secular works as well, changing its name to the American Mission Press in 1893. In the 1900s, Rev. William T. Cherry expanded the organization's activities to printing, publishing, bookselling, and book distribution. He changed the company's name to Methodist Publishing House in 1906, giving rise to the acronym 'MPH', as the company is known today. Beginning in 1906 the firm published the Malay Literature Series.
The administration and editor's office of the Methodist Publishing House was located in a two storey Edwardian style building at the corner of Stamford Road and Armenian Street in Singapore. Constructed in 1907-08, the building housed a printing press and also served for decades as an MPH bookstore.
MPH changed its name in 1927 to the Malaya Publishing House and in 1963 it was renamed as the Malaysia Publishing House, but throughout the acronym MPH remained. The company also changed ownership multiple times, being acquired by an Indonesian consortium in 1966, then a Hong Kong group, Jack Chia-MPH, in 1972 and finally by Singaporean entrepreneur Simon Cheong in 1999. In 2002, Jalinan Inspirasi Sdn Bhd, acquired the company. This was the first time MPH became a wholly Malaysian-owned company.
In early 2019 MPH had 29 bookstores in Malaysia and three in Singapore. It had a heavy presence in the Klang Valley, operating in major shopping outlets including Mid Valley. Its bookstores in Singapore were located at Raffles City, Parkway Parade, and in the SingPost Centre in Paya Lebar.
Following a partial lockdown from the COVID-19 pandemic and several social media posts alleging the closure of nine MPH stores nationwide including four in the Klang Valley, MPH staff members confirmed that their outlet in Subang Parade would be closing on 6 June 2020. Following the online speculation, in June 2020 the MPH Group CEO Donald Kee issued a statement outlining "its strategy as a transition into a more e-commerce-focused retail format, consolidating non-performing stores and pooling resources for a digital-business push", as well as deploying "high-tech vending machines placed in strategic locations", and launching a "social interactive e-learning platform". He added that the firm would "maintain its key physical locations".
MPH branched out into the online book retailing via its MPHOnline.com website in 2000.
A Diary of A Demonstrator

Catatan Seorang Demonstran (Indonesian for Annotations of a Demonstrator) or Catatan Harian Seorang Demonstran (Indonesian for The Diaries of A Demonstrator) is the diary of Indonesian activist Soe Hok Gie, published in 1983.
This book briefly appeared in a scene of the film What's Up with Love? and was later made into a movie directed by Riri Riza.
When the 2005 film about Soe Hok Gie's life (entitled Gie) debuted, this book was republished with Nicholas Saputra’s face on the cover, who portrays Soe Hok Gie in the film.
It is collected from several diaries and covers the life of Soe Hok Gie from around the end of his childhood until several days before his death at the age of 26 in 1969. The book is notable for its first hand account of the Indonesian political turmoil in the 1960s, at the end of President Sukarno's era leading to the birth of the Orde Baru (New Order) under General Suharto.
Uruguay XV

Uruguay XV es la segunda selección nacional masculina de rugby de Uruguay organizada por la Unión de Rugby del Uruguay (URU).
La primera selección del país conocida como Los Teros, juega los partidos de mayor relevancia, sin embargo, en algunas ocasiones la URU presenta a un equipo secundario. Dicho equipo ha tenido muchos nombres, en partidos amistosos contra uniones provinciales de Argentina preferentemente se usó Uruguay Desarrollo​​ y menos frecuente fue la denominación Uruguay B.​ Posteriormente y hasta octubre del 2014 se llamó Uruguay A, la partícula A es característica en el rugby cuando no se trata de la selección principal.
Bajo este nombre, Uruguay participó de los torneos Cross Borders​​​ y del torneo más importante hasta la fecha, al presentarse en el V Americas Rugby Championship junto a las segundas selecciones de Argentina, Canadá y Estados Unidos; al mismo tiempo los Teros sorteaban con éxito el repechaje mundialista clasificatorio a Inglaterra 2015 frente a Rusia.​​
En noviembre del 2014 la URU decidió rebautizar al seleccionado como Charrúas XV, días antes de viajar a Brasil para enfrentar amistosamente a la selección local​​
Uruguay XV comenzó a jugar en la Zona Ascenso B (tercer nivel) del Campeonato Argentino de Rugby de la edición 2015, asegurándose mayor números de partidos al año y creando un calendario independiente de la selección absoluta. Para esta ocasión se nombró a Guzmán Barreiro como técnico del plantel.​ Obtuvo cuatro victorias y una derrota, resultando segundo por detrás de la Unión de Rugby del Sur. En 2016, Uruguay XV fue campeón de la Zona Ascenso B, con cuatro victorias y una derrota.
Los motivos por los que la URU no presenta su mejor plantel (Los Teros) son varios, entre ellos están los relacionados con el carácter amateur o semiamateur del rugby uruguayo, para brindar experiencia de juego a deportistas más jóvenes o por superposición de calendarios.
La camiseta es celeste con vivos negros y el short negro, similar a las de otras selecciones de rugby y de otros deportes de Uruguay.
Estadística actualizada al 23 de octubre de 2022.
Himantopus melanurus

La cigüeñuela de cola negra, tero real o perrito (Himantopus melanurus) es una especie de ave caradriforme de la familia Recurvirostridae propia de América del Sur. Está presente en Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay, Chile, Brasil, Paraguay, excepto en la zona andina donde está presente la avoceta andina.
Algunos autores que la consideran una subespecies de Himantopus himantopus o de Himantopus mexicanus.​
Es un ave de unos 42 cm de longitud. Se caracteriza por un dorsal negro, y frente, corona y vientre (incluso las tapadas) blancos. Presenta un pico de 6 cm, largo y recto, así como patas largas rojas. Ojos rojos. Juveniles de coloración más parda, en el dorso.
Se encuentra en lagunas o lagos con vegetación palustre, y se alimenta en playas de barro. Normalmente en grupos.
Escudo de Artigas

El Escudo de Artigas fue aprobado el 12 de julio de 1964 y su creador fue Walter F. Planke. El escudo utiliza la bandera de José Artigas. En el ángulo inferior izquierdo de dicha bandera, se ubica una vaca, símbolo de la principal riqueza del departamento. El ángulo superior derecho contiene dos emblemas de la producción agrícola del departamento: el arroz y la caña de azúcar, junto a algunas líneas onduladas que simbolizan los ríos Cuareim y Uruguay.
Sobre la mencionada bandera, aparece la imagen de un tero, pájaro simbólico que encarna el vigía y el centinela. Detrás del ave, aparece el sol de Mayo, símbolo del Pabellón Nacional y símbolo de igualdad. También aparece la palabra Artigas. El escudo es adornado con armas y herramientas utilizados por los charrúas.
Aves Uruguay

Aves Uruguay es una entidad civil sin fines de lucro, dedicada a la conservación de las aves silvestres y los ambientes que ellas habitan. La entidad es socia y representante de Birdlife International para Uruguay.
La organización fue creada por iniciativa del profesor Raúl Vaz Ferreira y varios ornitólogos en 1987, bajo el nombre de Grupo Uruguayo para el Estudio y Conservación de las Aves (GUPECA), con el fin de nuclear a personas vinculadas a la ornitología, tanto investigadores, docentes y estudiantes de ciencias biológicas, así como aficionados a la observación de aves. Posteriormente, la institución pasó a llamarse Aves Uruguay.
En 2019 Aves Uruguay fue anfitriona de la IX° Feria de aves de Sudamérica, realizada por primera vez en Uruguay, en la ciudad el Punta del Este.​
Aves Uruguay tiene como objetivo la conservación de los ambientes naturales, así como también de las aves que habitan los diferentes ecosistemas, incluyendo los modificados por las actividades productivas humanas (por ejemplo: sistemas pastoriles, arroceros, etc), mejorando al mismo tiempo la calidad de vida de las personas.
Alianza del pastizal​​
Conservación del Capuchino Boina Gris
ECCOSUR​
Relevamientos integrales de aves playeras en el sur de Sudamérica.​
Programa IBAs
Programa Aves Marinas
Revisores de eBird para Uruguay
Rayadores del Río Uruguay​
La publicación Achará​ es una revista académica digital indexada,​ que es editada anualmente por Aves Uruguay. La publicación brinda información sobre la avifauna urugaya y está dirigida a científicos, aficionados y el público interesado en el tema en general.
Chroicocephalus maculipennis

La gaviota capucho café o gaviota capuchina (Chroicocephalus maculipennis) es una especie de ave Charadriiforme de la familia Laridae que se halla en el sur de América del Sur.
Tanto en la Argentina,​ como en el Uruguay,​ y en el Paraguay,​ el nombre generalizado es gaviota capucho café (en parte de Argentina, también como gaviota capuchina). En Chile, en cambio, se la denomina: gaviota cáhuil,​ caulle, chelle, o gaviotín.
Habita desde el sur de Brasil y Uruguay pasando por el centro y sur de Chile y casi toda la Argentina hasta las islas australes sudamericanas, en la totalidad de los archipiélagos de Tierra del Fuego y de las Malvinas. En invierno, las poblaciones australes migran al norte, llegando a la costa del sudeste brasileño, al Paraguay, al norte de Chile, y ocasionalmente al litoral del Perú y a las islas Georgias del Sur y Sandwich del Sur.
Tiene la cabeza y la garganta pardas oscuras con semicírculo blanco en la parte trasera del ojo, mientras que el cuello, pecho y abdomen son blancos. Su dorso y alas cobertoras son grises, sus alas primarias blancas, algunas con punta negra, y las alas secundarias grises. Posee un pico rojo oscuro, al igual que sus patas. Puede confundirse con la gaviota de Franklin.
Su hábitat natural son pantanos, lagos de aguas dulces, aguas marinas costeras, pasturas, y manglares. Tiene la costumbre de volar hacia los prados y potreros de zonas interiores, especialmente hacia los campos recién arados en busca de las lombrices y larvas que aparecen al mover la tierra. También se acercan a los mataderos o frigoríficos para alimentarse de los desperdicios de éstos; costumbre similar al de la gaviota dominicana, pero sin atacar a las crías de ovejas. También come insectos, crustáceos, carroña y peces.
Anida en colonias, entre noviembre y enero, entre los juncales o pajonales al borde de lagunas o en las islas de lagunas o ríos; de preferencia cerca de la costa; en nidos flotantes y voluminosos, hechos de juncos y otras plantas acuáticas. Coloca entre 2 y 4 huevos de color entre café con leche y amarillo oliváceo con gruesas pintas y manchas oscuras. Los huevos miden 52 mm x 37 mm aproximadamente. Su alimentación preferida en época de crianza son los peces. El pato Heteronetta atricapilla deja sus huevos en los nidos de chelle para que sean empollados.
Isla de las Gaviotas (Uruguay)

La isla de las Gaviotas es un pequeño islote del Río de la Plata, perteneciente a Uruguay.​
Está ubicada a unos 500 metros de la rambla de Montevideo, en el barrio Malvín.​
El entorno es muy particular, ya que es el área de nidificación de gaviotas y hábitat de diversas especies de paso, habiéndose ya encontrado alrededor de 85 especies, entre otras:
La isla es reserva ecológica de fauna y flora marina, con protección nacional de acuerdo a la ley 16.462 del año 1990, por lo que no se permite el acceso público irrestricto, constituyendo un lugar excepcional para la nidificación y procreación de aves, y por ende, un atractivo para los fanáticos del avistamiento de aves.
Aves de Argentina

Argentina, un país con un extenso territorio y con gran variedad de climas, presenta una gran variedad de aves. Algunas se refugian en la frondosidad de la selva y el chaco, otras en los esteros, bañados y lagunas, ciertos ejemplares buscan las costas oceánicas o las aguas heladas, otros las altas montañas y otros que habitan en las extensas llanuras. Esto se debe a que la extensa geografía se traduce en 18 ecorregiones y es por esta razón que el país goza de un capital natural que contribuye significativamente a la diversidad global.​
Argentina posee una gran diversidad de aves, con 979 especies de presencia estable,​ es decir aproximadamente 31% de las especies de toda América del Sur, 20 son endémicas del país y 7 han sido introducidas por el hombre.
Otra cifra de especies de aves del país es de 1090​ contando especies accidentales (sin colonias estables y que su presencia es casual o accidental, normalmente produciéndose en las fronteras nacionales).
Existen variadas fuentes que determinan distintos números de especies de aves presentes en Argentina que se encuentran amenazadas a nivel mundial.
Según algunas fuentes, son 45 las especies existentes en el país que se encuentran amenazadas a nivel mundial.
Otras referencias afirman que actualmente existen 120 especies amenazadas, es decir el 12% de sus aves silvestres.​
Según el último "Libro rojo de las aves amenazadas" internacional sobre aves silvestres en extinción, 39 especies presentes en el territorio nacional se consideran amenazadas en la escala mundial, en tanto otras 53 se ubican en la categoría "casi amenazadas" según "Aves Argentinas", entidad decana de la ornitología en América del Sur.
El Programa de Conservación de Aves Argentinas está orientado en 3 escalas de trabajo, igualmente importantes, en las que priman la identificación de áreas clave, el monitoreo, la generación de capacidades locales y las acciones de gestión.​
* Conservar hábitats: Aquí se incluye la identificación, mantenimiento, manejo, restauración y monitoreo de hábitats de importancia internacional para las aves y el medioambiente como el desarrollo e implementación de políticas para su conservación a largo plazo.
* Proteger sitios: Con esta escala se incluye la identificación, monitoreo, conservación y restauración de un conjunto de áreas importantes para las aves y la biodiversidad, así como la promoción de estos sitios como áreas clave para la biodiversidad.
* Salvar especies: Con este punto se busca trabajar para prevenir la extinción de especies, mejorar la situación de conservación de las aves globalmente amenazadas, y evitar que se incrementen las especies en peligro de extinción en Argentina.
Lagunas del Tero

Las Lagunas del Tero es un conjunto de lagunas salobres endorreicas, que se encuentra en la Patagonia Argentina, en el departamento Güer Aike de la provincia de Santa Cruz.​
Se encuentran en la meseta semidesértica de la Patagonia, a unos 35 km al norte de la confluencia del río Coig y su afluente el río Pelque, en la zona que bordea el margen izquierdo o este de este último. Algunos de estos lagos, como el Lago Figueroa, es de muy fácil acceso, ya que se encuentran a poca distancia al este de Ruta provincial 5 que une Río Gallegos con El Calafate.
En la misma zona se encuentran los Bañados o pantanos del Río Pelque.
Las Lagunas del Tero se caracterizan por su diversidad biológica.​ Se puede ver al cauquén común (Chloephaga picta), el cisne de cuello negro (Cygnus melancoryphus), porrón moñudo (Lophonetta specularioides), el pato pico cuchara (Anas platalea), el pato Chiloé (Anas sibilatrix), el flamenco chileno (Phoenicopterus chilensis), la mitra lavanco (Podiceps gallardoi), el correlimos culiblanco (Calidris fuscicollis), y otras especies de aves acuáticas endémicas y migratorias.
También hay varias especies de paseriformes como el trile (Agelaius thilius), la ratona de ciénaga (Cistothorus platensis) y la rosella tirano (Tachuris rubrigastra).
Vanellus

Vanellus es un género de aves Charadriiformes de la familia Charadriidae conocidos como avefrías o teros.
Hay 24 especies de Vanellus, pero las clasificaciones dentro de la subfamilia permanecen confusas. Como casos extremos, Peters reconoce 19 géneros diferentes; mientras otros las ponen en un único género Vanellus.
Son aves zancudas de tamaño medio y patas largas. Algunas especies comunes en el hemisferio norte, como Vanellus vanellus, tienen una delgada cresta, algo que comparte con solamente dos especies más.
El género Vanellus incluye 24 especies y numerosas subespecies:​
Solo las especies Vanellus gregarius, V. leucurus, V. cinereus, V. gregarius, V. leucurus, V. superciliosus y V. vanellus son migratorias.
Vanellus armatus, V. chilensis, V. duvaucelii, V. resplendens y V. spinosus tienen ojos rojos y un espolón puntiagudo
Muchas especies presentan carúnculas, que pueden ser pequeñas (Vanellus indicus, V. melanocephalus, V. tectus y V. tricolor) o grandes (V. albiceps, V. macropterus, V. miles y V. senegallus).
En el Antiguo Egipto, la avefría o ave rejit era un jeroglífico, que se asociaba a los pueblos extranjeros.
Vanellus armatus

La avefría armada (Vanellus armatus)​ es una especie de ave charadriforme de la familia Charadriidae. La especie aparece en Kenia y el centro de Tanzania hasta el sur y sudoeste de África.
La especie tiene manchas negras, grises y blancas en el plumaje, posiblemente como advertencia a los depredadores. Es una de las cinco especies de avefría (dos en África, una en Asia y dos en los neotrópicos) que comparte las características de una espuela carpiana (ala), ojos rojizos y un plumaje de varios tonos oscuros. Las partes desnudas son de color negro. En promedio, las hembras son más grandes y pesadas, pero los sexos son generalmente iguales.
La avefría armada aparece en zonas con humedales de todos los tamaños. Incluso en pequeñas zonas húmedas causadas por un canal de agua pueden atraerlos. En África del Sur son más numerosos en regiones con pastizales mésicos, no tanto en pastizales de mayor precipitación. Al igual que el avefría coronada (Vanellus coronatus), esta especie puede abandonar Zambia y Zimbabue en años de alta precipitación y volver en los años secos. Evita montañas de cualquier tipo.
La especie amplió su distribución en el siglo xx en las zonas donde se construyeron presas y donde se practicaba la agricultura intensiva. En consecuencia, ahora son numerosos y se han establecido en la región del Cabo Occidental de Sudáfrica, donde estaban ausentes hasta la década de 1930. En esta región también han entrado en marismas con fango en invierno donde se desplazan agresivamente otras aves zancudas.
La especie reacciona agresivamente en contacto con otras avefrías o jacanas africanass (Actophilornis africana) que pueden entrar en su hábitat de humedales. Para defender sus crias o su nido se arman de mucha valentía y se enfrentan a anímales mucho más grandes, como los elefantes y los búfalos. Se reproduce en primavera, pero su elección del lugar de anidación y el momento puede ser oportunista. Los jóvenes separan gradualmente de sus padres y no regresan a las áreas natales después. Se alimentan de invertebrados acuáticos y terrestres.
Agelasticus thilius

El trile (Agelasticus thilius) es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Icteridae. Se encuentra en Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Paraguay, Perú y Uruguay. Su hábitat natural son marismas, pantanos y praderas.
Se lo conoce como junquero ala amarilla, varillero aliamarillo o varillero ala amarilla en Argentina, y como trile en Chile. El macho adulto es de cuerpo negro, con hombros y parte inferior de las alas de color amarillo.
Durante el siglo XVIII, algunos religiosos pertenecientes a la Compañía de Jesús afirmaron que el término «Chile» se originaría en la voz chili —también tchili, thili, thilli, thrile y tilí—, onomatopeya mapuche del canto del trile, palabra usada para llamar a este pájaro endémico de manchas amarillas en las alas, perteneciente a la familia de los Icteridae. Entre los jesuitas estaban Miguel de Olivares, el misionero y lingüista Andrés Febrés (c. 1731-1790), Juan Ignacio Molina y Felipe Gómez de Vidaurre; posteriormente, Stanislas-Marie-César Famin (1799-1853), un viajero francés que estuvo en Chile a principios del siglo XIX, y Manuel Antonio Román Madariaga también se adscribieron a esta hipótesis:
En contra de esta hipótesis estaban el cronista Vicente Carvallo y Goyeneche y José Pérez García, quienes afirmaron:
Police Tero Football Club

El Police Tero Football Club (en tailandés: สโมสรฟุตบอลโปลิศ เทโร), anteriormente conocido como BEC Tero Sasana, es un club de fútbol profesional de Tailandia con sede en Bangkok. El club terminó subcampeón en la edición inaugural de la Liga de Campeones de la AFC en 2003.
El equipo se fundó en 1992. Anteriormente se la conocía como Sasana Witthaya School y fue fundada por el Sr. Worawi Makudi. El primer partido de fútbol de este equipo fue en el año 1993. En 1994, el equipo jugó en la división 2 de la Copa Royal. En 1995, el equipo jugó en la división 1 de la Copa Royal y en 1996, el equipo entró en la Liga Premier de Tailandia por primera vez. Fue durante este año, en 1996, que el Sr. Worawi Makudi y el Sr. Brian L. Marcar, director general de BEC, TERO Entertainment Co., Ltd., unieron sus manos y cambió el nombre del equipo como Fútbol Club Tero Sasana. En ese año el equipo se colocó en la posición 12 entre 18 equipos en la Liga Premier de Tailandia.
En 1997, el Fútbol Club Tero Sasana también jugó en la Liga Premier de Tailandia y esta vez se colocó en el quinto lugar. Más tarde, en 1998, BEC-World Public Company Limited apoya el Fútbol Club Tero Sasana y cambió el nombre a Tero Sasana Sasana FC. El equipo terminó en tercer lugar en la Liga Premier de Tailandia. También fueron uno de los ocho equipos finalistas para entrar en la ronda final de la Copa FA.
En 1999, el equipo de nuevo terminó en tercer lugar. En el mismo año, fueron finalistas en la Copa FA.
El año 2000 el equipo ganó su primera Liga Premier de Tailandia y también recibió el premio del campeonato de la Copa del Rey.
En 2001-02, el BEC Tero Sasana-FC fue capaz de mantener su campeonato y ganó la Liga Premier de Tailandia por segundo año consecutivo.
El éxito del club continuó durante algunos años y culminó con el subcampeonato en la Liga de Campeones de la AFC 2002-03.
En 2017, la adquisición del club por parte de Police Group se fusionó con Police United. El cambio de nombre del club no se reconoció en 2017, por lo que en 2018 el club cambió el nombre a Police Tero Football Club debido a AFC Club Licensing.​
Tero Pitkämäki

Tero Kristian Pitkämäki (19 de diciembre de 1982, Ilmajoki, Finlandia) es un atleta finlandés especializado en el lanzamiento de jabalina. Fue campeón del mundo en el Mundial de Osaka, además de bronce olímpico en las olímpiadas de Pekín 2008.
En el Campeonato Europeo 2006 fue medalla de plata con un lanzamiento de 86,44 metros.​
En el Campeonato Mundial celebrado en Osaka en 2007, Pitkämäki ganó el oro con un lanzamiento de 89,16 metros, aunque con el título ya ganado hizo un último lanzamiento de 90,33 metros.​
El 5 de octubre de 2007, Tero Pitkämäki ganó el premio de Atleta del Año otorgado por la AEA. En ese mismo año, Pitkämäki fue votado como Deportista Finlandés del Año, premio otorgado por la Asociación de Periodistas Deportivos Finlandeses, imponiéndose a otros deportistas finlandeses como Virpi Kuitunen o el campeón del mundo de Fórmula 1 Kimi Räikkönen.
En las Olimpiadas de Pekín 2008, logró la medalla de Bronce con un lanzamiento de 86,16 metros.​
Ganó la medalla de bronce en el Campeonato Europeo de 2010 celebrado en Barcelona al lanzar 86,67 metros.​
Josep Tero

Josep Tero (La Escala, Gerona - 26 de noviembre de 1951) es un cantautor español en lengua catalana.​
Irrumpió en la escena musical de los años 80, como uno de los máximos exponentes de la llamada "segona generació" (segunda generación) de la Nova Cançó en catalán.
Debutó en 1982, en un concierto con Lluís Llach y Marina Rossell. Desde aquel momento, ha actuado a lo largo de los territorios de lengua y cultura catalana y en otros lugares de Europa y de Estados Unidos. Su obra destaca por la labor de divulgación de la poesía catalana y la canción tradicional, así como por las canciones comprometidas con la defensa del medio ambiente y las libertades individuales y colectivas.​
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Rufous-bellied thrush

The rufous-bellied thrush (Turdus rufiventris) is a songbird of the thrush family (Turdidae). It occurs in most of east and southeast Brazil from Maranhão south to Rio Grande do Sul states, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and central regions of Argentina.
It is one of the most common birds across much of southeastern Brazil, and is known there under the name sabiá-laranjeira (Portuguese pronunciation: [sabiˈa laɾɐ̃ˈʒejɾɐ]). It was famously referred to in the well-known first strophe of the Brazilian nationalist poem Canção do exílio. The rufous-bellied thrush has been the state bird of São Paulo since 1966, and the national bird of Brazil since 2002. It is highly regarded in Brazil, where its song is often heard in the afternoons, but specially during the nights between August and November, where thousands of them sing until the sunrise, and is often seen as "the spirit of the Brazilian commoner".
This species is named after its distinctive reddish-orange underparts. Rufous-bellied thrushes can reach a length of 25 cm and weigh up to 68 g (male) or 78 g (female), though weights of about 59 g for males and 64 g for females are more usual. Contrary to what one might expect from the rather marked weight difference, the females are not larger, only plumper; their tarsus is actually a bit shorter than that of males on average.
Found in forests and urban wooded areas, it is an omnivorous bird. Its food consists mainly of fruits and arthropods, and it can sometimes be seen attending mixed-species feeding flocks and moving through the bushes with many other birds. It has been observed to squabble with a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in the undergrowth over food flushed by an army ant column, but this was during the dry season when fruits are scarce.
It builds an open-cup nest, sometimes right on the forest floor, sometimes more than 20 meters high in a tree, but usually 4–5 meters above ground. In the yungas of NW Argentina, nesting occurred in the wet season from October to March, with most birds breeding in November–December. The three, sometimes two eggs measure about 27-28 by 20 mm, and weigh c.5.7-5.9 grams each. They are incubated for about 12–13 days, and young take about that long again until they fledge. Incubation is solely by the female, which spends considerable time on the nest. The nestlings are attended by both parents however; as the young near fledging, they are fed every 5–7 minutes or so on average. Predation may be a major cause of brood failure; in the southern Andean yungas it was noted to be especially high during the nestling time and far less significant during incubation.
This common and wide-ranging species is not considered threatened by the IUCN.
Slot Machine (band)

Slot Machine (Thai: สล็อท แมชชีน) is a Thai rock band from Bangkok. Their song "Phan" ("Yesterday") was awarded Song of the Year at the Seed Awards held in January 2007, "Phan" was awarded again at the 2nd Seed Awards and nominated for Rock Album of the Year, Rock Artist of the Year and Music Video of the Year. They also were awarded Band of The Year at the Nine Entertainment Awards. The band is currently signed to Tero Music (also known as Sony Music Thailand) and previously released a number of albums for Sony Music.
- Give It All To You
- And We Go
- Sky Burning Stars
- Say What You Want
- I Know, I Know
- Girl ! Do it again
- Spin The World
- The Land of Himmaphan
- Sweet Bird
- MRT
- 4th Kind
- Know Your Enemy
- Who Are You
- Magic
- Black Moon Stone
- You Are the One
- 75%
- Blue Sky
- Bangkok
- Hummingbird
- Tomorrowland
- G.O.D. (Group of Death)
- True
- Siren Song
Red-crested cardinal

The red-crested cardinal (Paroaria coronata) is a passerine bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. Notwithstanding its similar name, this bird is not closely related to the true cardinal family Cardinalidae. It is sometimes known as the Brazilian cardinal.
In 1776 the English illustrator John Frederick Miller included a hand-coloured plate of the red-crested cardinal in his Icones animalium et plantarum. He coined the binomial name Loxia coronata. The type locality was subsequently designated as Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. The red-crested cardinal is now one of six species placed in the genus Paroaria that was introduced in 1832 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised. The genus name is from Tiéguacú paroára, a name for a small yellow, red, and grey bird in the extinct Tupi language. The specific epithet coronata is Latin meaning "crowned"
The red-crested cardinal is a medium-sized species showing a red head, with a red bib and a short red crest that the bird raises when excited. Belly, breast, and undertail are white, with a gray back, wings, and tail. Wing coverts are gray, but the primaries, secondaries, and rectrices show a darker gray. Juveniles are similar to the adults, but they show a dull brownish orange head and bib.
This species is very similar to a close relative, the red-cowled cardinal (P. dominicana). It is also similar to the yellow-billed cardinal (P. capitata), but the latter bird has a black throat, darker upper parts, and a bright yellow bill.
This species can be found mainly in Brazil's Rio Grande do Sul, southern part of the Pantanal, northern Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. It has also been introduced to Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Chile. In Brazil, it has been introduced to various places outside its historical range, as in the Tietê Ecological Park in São Paulo.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and heavily degraded former forest, at an elevation up to 500 metres (1,600 ft) above sea level. It often occurs close to rivers, marshes, and lakes.
This species mainly feeds on seeds (of Chloris virgata, Eleusine tristachya, Setaria parviflora, and Spergula villosa), fruits (of Celtis tala, Grabowskia duplicata, Holmbergia tweedii, Morus alba, and Sapium haematospermum), insects, and small arthropods, generally searched for on the ground in pairs or small groups. The average lifespan is about 3.8 years.
Blacksmith lapwing

The blacksmith lapwing or blacksmith plover (Vanellus armatus) is a lapwing species that occurs commonly from Kenya through central Tanzania to southern and southwestern Africa. The vernacular name derives from the repeated metallic 'tink, tink, tink' alarm call, which suggests a blacksmith's hammer striking an anvil.
Blacksmith lapwings are very boldly patterned in black, grey and white, possibly warning colours to predators. It is one of five lapwing species (two African, one Asian and two Neotropical) that share the characteristics of red eyes and a bold pied plumage, with a carpal (wing) spur adorning the wrist joint; a sharp black protrusion which they use to aggressively defend their young from potential threats, through persistent aerial dives typically targeting the head. The portions of the bird's body bare to plumage average a black coloration for the bill, and either a black or white-grey dappling on the legs. Females average larger and heavier but the sexes are generally alike.
The blacksmith lapwing occurs in association with wetlands of all sizes. Even very small damp areas caused by a spilling water trough can attract them. In South Africa they are most numerous in the mesic grassland region, less so in higher-rainfall grasslands. Like the crowned lapwing, this species may leave Zambia and Zimbabwe in years of high rainfall and return in dry years. It avoids mountains of any type.
Blacksmith lapwings expanded their range in the 20th century into areas where dams were built and where intensive farming was practiced. Consequently, they are now numerous and established in the western Cape region of South Africa, where they were absent until the 1930s. In this region they have also entered estuarine mud flats in winter where they aggressively displace other waders. Although they are partially migratory, they do not seem to engage in large-scale, regular migrations.
During the breeding season, the species often reacts aggressively to other lapwings or African jacanas that may enter its wetland habitat. Nests are shallow depressions on bare ground or short grass, close to water, and tend to be spaced at least 400 m apart. The blacksmith lapwing breeds in spring, but its choice of nesting site and timing may be opportunistic. The young separate gradually from their parents and do not return to natal areas afterwards. This lapwing feeds on aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates.
Wattle (anatomy)

A wattle is a fleshy caruncle hanging from various parts of the head or neck in several groups of birds and mammals. Caruncles in birds include those found on the face, wattles, dewlaps, snoods, and earlobes. Wattles are generally paired structures but may occur as a single structure when it is sometimes known as a dewlap. Wattles are frequently organs of sexual dimorphism. In some birds, caruncles are erectile tissue and may or may not have a feather covering.
Wattles are often such a striking morphological characteristic of animals that they feature in their common name. For example, the southern and northern cassowaries are known as the double-wattled and single-wattled cassowary, respectively, and a breed of domestic pig is known as the Red Wattle.
In birds, wattles are often an ornament for courting potential mates. Large wattles are correlated with high testosterone levels, good nutrition, and the ability to evade predators, which in turn indicates a potentially successful mate. Ornamental organs such as wattles may be associated with genes coding for disease resistance. In umbrellabirds, the wattle serves to amplify the birds' calls.
Birds with wattles include:
Mammals with wattles include:
Animal identification

Animal identification using a means of marking is a process done to identify and track specific animals. It is done for a variety of reasons including verification of ownership, biosecurity control, and tracking for research or agricultural purposes.
Individual identification of animals by means of body markings has been practiced for over 3,800 years, as stated in Code of Hammurabi. The first official identification systems are documented as far as the 18th century. In Uruguay for instance maintained at that time a register of hot brands.
Caracara (genus)

Caracara is a genus in the family Falconidae and the subfamily Polyborinae. It contains one extant species, the crested caracara, and one recently extinct species, the Guadalupe caracara. The crested caracara had in recent years been split into a northern species C. cheriway and a southern species C. plancus, but the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society has voted to again merge the two, retaining C. plancus as the crested caracara. The taxonomists of the International Ornithologists' Union have also merged them.
The crested caracara is distinguished by its long legs and medium size. The birds can reach a length of 49–58 cm (19–23 in) from head to tail. There are usually four points of identification of the caracara: strikingly white markings on the neck, the tip of both wings, and the tail. Along with their medium length, the caracara also has a wingspan of 122–129 cm (48–51 in). When flying, the caracara is often noted to have a pattern on their underside that looks like a cross.
The behaviors of caracaras are considered quite strange in relation to those of other falcons. The bird is often seen walking on the ground in search of prey. In addition to a preference of walking over flying, the birds also create close bonds with their mates. Caracaras are territorial creatures who are year-round landlords of trees and land that they occupy. Their aggression is an extension of this, which is why they have been seen taking food from much larger creatures like vultures. In flight, this bird is known for having very direct flight. It does not soar for leisure.
The crested caracara is the only extant species in Caracara, and was formerly separated into two species, the northern and southern crested caracaras. The modern range includes Cuba, South America, most of Central America and Mexico, just reaching the southernmost parts of the United States, including Florida and Southeast Texas.
Native to Guadalupe Island off the west coast of Baja California, the Guadalupe caracara was hunted to extinction by 1906.
An additional six species have been described on the basis of fossil and subfossil records:
An unnamed Late Pleistocene species of Caracara from Argentina was the largest falcon ever, with a minimum weight estimate of around 4.5 kilograms (9.9 lb).
Yellow-winged blackbird

The yellow-winged blackbird (Agelasticus thilius) is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay.
The species' natural habitats include marshes and pastureland. Adult males are black-plumaged except for bright yellow epaulets and the corresponding feather tracts on the underside of the wing. Adult females are brown and streaky, while immature males are similar to females in plumage, but with the addition of the adult male's yellow wing patches.
Atsushi Tero

Atsushi Tero is a researcher, biologist, and associate professor of applied mathematics at Kyushu University. He is known for his research of slime molds, their ability to solve mazes and their practical uses.
Atsushi Tero has led research on slime molds, specifically Physarum polycephalum. With Toshiyuki Nakagaki and other researchers, he researched slime molds and their ability to solve mazes and even memorize mazes. It was proposed as a solution to the Steiner tree problem as the shortest way to connect two points. This affects biology and philosophy because a brainless organism seemed to be making decisions to solve the maze. Additionally, the researchers were able to deduce that these slime molds respond to environmental changes.
In 2009, he used slime molds to simulate Tokyo’s railway system. The study shows that the slime molds may have found a more efficient path than the path that is used.
Atsushi Tero won the Ig Nobel Prize along with Toshiyuki Nakagaki, Hiroyasu Yamada, Ryo Kobayashi, Akio Ishiguro, and Ágota Tóth in Cognitive Science in 2008. They received this prize with the discovery of slime molds being able to solve mazes.
Atsushi Tero won the Ig Nobel Prize with Toshiyuki Nakagaki, Seiji Takagi, Tetsu Saigusa, Kentaro Ito, Kenji Yumiki, Ryo Kobayashi, Dan Bebber, and Mark Fricker in Transportation Planning in 2010. They received this prize for using slime molds to depict Tokyo’s railway system in possibly a more efficient way.
He is one of nine people to have won multiple Ig Nobel Prizes.
වෙසක් අමාවක

වෙසක් අමාවක, යනු චන්ද්‍ර දිනදසුන් වලට අනුව වෙසක් මාසයේ තිස්වන (30) තිථියය හෙවත් අවසාන තිථියයි. එසේම වෙසක් මාසයේ අව පක්‍ෂයේ පහළොස්වන (15) තිථියය හෙවත් අවසාන තිථියයි. වෙසක් මාසය මෙම තිථියෙන් අවසන් වන අතර, ඊළඟ තිථියෙන් පොසොන් මාසය ආරම්භ වෙයි.
වෙසක් පසළොස්වක පෝය

Vesak is an annual holiday observed traditionally by practicing Buddhists in many ආසියාවn countries like India, Nepal, Hong Kong, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, ඉන්දුනීසියාව and Taiwan.
බුදු රජාණන් වහන්සේගේ තෙමඟුල සිහිකෙරෙනුයේ වෙසක් පුර පසළොස්වක ‍පොහොය දිනයි. සුද්ධෝදන මහරජතුමාට හා මහාමයා දේවියට පුත්ව සිදුහත් කුමරු කිඹුල්වත්නුවර ලුම්බිණි සල්උයනේදී (තෙල්දෙනියේ බඹරගල) උපත ලැබුවේ වෙසක් පෝ ‍දිනකය. සියලු සැප අතහැර ගිහිගෙයින් නික්ම හය වසක් දුෂ්කරක් ක්‍රියාකර බුද්ධත්වයට පත්වූයේද වෙසක් දිනකය. ඒ හබරණ හිරිවඩුන්නේදීය. බුදුරජාණන් වහන්සේ මල්ලව රජදරුවන්ගේ උපවත්තන සල්උයනේදී ( බුදුගල) වැනි දිනක පිරිනිවන් පෑහ. මේ තෙමඟුල සිහිකරමින් මුළු ලෝවැසි බෞද්ධයෝ ප්ර්තිපත්ති පූජාවන්ට මුල්තැන දෙමින් වෙසක් දිනය සමරති. වෙසක් පුන් පොහොය දිනය සියළු ලෝකවාසී බෞද්ධ ජනතාවට ඉතාමත් වැදගත් වන පොහොය දිනයක් බව අප සැම හොදින් දන්නා කරුණකි. මෙම පොහොය දිනය දකුණු ආසියානු හා අග්නිදිග ආසියාතික රටවල් බොහෝවිට ඉතා උත්සවාකරයෙන් සමරති. එම නිසා මෙම උතුම් පොහොය ඒ ඒ රටවල සමරන දින වකවානු වෙනස් වේ. උදාහරණයක් ලෙස ගත් විට ථේරවාදී බෞද්ධයන් අනුගමනය කරනු ලබන දින දර්ශනයට අනුව වෙසක් පොහොය යෙදෙන්නේ පුර පසලොස්වක පොහොය දිනයකටයි. ඒහා සමානව ඒ ඒ රටවල දින දර්ශන වලට අනුව පොහොය යෙදෙන දිනය වෙනස් වේ. බොහෝ ආසියානු කලාපීය රටවල වල එරට ආණ්ඩුන් විසින් මෙම උතුම් තෙමඟුල සිදුවූ දින ප්රතසිද්ධ නිවාඩු දිනයක් ලෙස ප්රබකාශයට පත්කොට ඇත. (උදාහරණ ලෙස ශ්රීි ලංකාව, නේපාලය, තායිවානය, හොං කොං, ඉන්දුනීසියාව, වියට්නාමය, තායිලන්තය, සිංගප්පූරුව, මියැන්මාරය(භූතානය), මැලේසියාව) බුදු රජාණන් වහන්සේගේ තෙමඟුල සිහිකෙරෙන වෙසක් පෝය ශ්රී් ලංකාවාසී සියළු බෞද්ධයන් හට තවත් කිහිප ලෙසකින් වැදගත් වේ. ඒ මන්ද අප ලොව්තුරා බුදු පියාණන් වහන්සේ බුද්ධත්වයෙන් අට වසරකට පසු ශ්රී් ලංකාවේ කැළණියට වැඩම කිරීම හා ඒ පැමිණීමත් සමඟම සුමන සමන් දිව්යෝුත්තමයාගේ ආරාධනය පිළිගෙන සමනල කන්ද මුදුනෙහි සිරිපත්ල සටහන් කිරීමද, මේ පොහොය දිනය තුළදී සිදුවීමයි. තවද විජය කුමරු ඇතුළු පිරිස ලක්දිවට පැමිණීමත්, දෙවන පෑ තිස් රජුට ධර්මාශෝක රජු විසින් යුව රජ ලෙසට දෙවන වරට අභිෂේක ලබා දීම හා දුටුගැමුණු රජතුමා රුවන්වැලි මහ සෑයේ වැඩ ආරම්භ කිරීම හා එහි බිම සකස් කිරීමත් යන විශේෂ අවස්ථා මෙම උතුම් වෙසක් පොහොය දිනයේදී සිදුවිය. ලෝකයේ ඇතැම් ආගම්වල උත්සවවලදී සතුන් මැරීම බහුලව සිදු වෙනවා. නමුත් වෙසක් උත්සවයේ ඇති විශේෂත්වය එය අවිහිංසාව මුල් කරගත් උත්සවයක් වීමයි. බාහිර ලෝකයේ වෙසක් සඳ උදා වීමත් සමග විශාල බෞද්ධ ප්රිබෝධයක් ඇති කර ගන්නා අපි වෙසක් සඳ බැස යාමත් සමඟ ඒ ප්රඋබෝධයටත් බැස යන්නට ඉඩ හරිනවා නේද? නමුත් බුදු හිමියන්ගේ ප්ර භාශ්වර මනස නමැති පුන් සඳ අවුරුදු හතළිස් පහක් මුළුල්ලේ එක ලෙසම පෑව්වා. එමෙන්ම, අපටත් අභ්යදන්තර අවබෝධය තුළින් සැමදා අපේ හද තුළ වෙසක් සඳ ඇති කර ගත හැකියි. ඒ සඳහා අනුගමනය කළ යුතු මාර්ගය උන්වහන්සේ අපට පෙන්වා දී තිබෙනවා. ඒ සඳහා සකස් කළ යුත්තේ බාහිර පරිසරය නොව, අපේ අභ්ය න්තර පරිසරයයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කට වැඩි සංස්කෘතිය තුළ අපට උරුම වූ මේ බාහිර පරිසරය සැකසීම, නොඑසේනම් ආමිස පූජාව වැදගත් වුණත්, උන් වහන්සේ වඩාත් අගය කළ, අනුදැන වදාළ ආධ්්යා ත්මික පරිසරය සැකසීම හෙවත් ප්රහතිපත්ති පූජාවට මුල් තැන දීමට අප උත්සුක විය යුතුයි. ශීලය, සමාධිය, ප්ර ඥාව වැඩි දියුණු කර ගන්නට වෙහෙසිය යුතුයි. ඓතිහාසික සිද්ධීන්ගෙන් ශ්රේවෂ්ඨත්වයට පත් වෙසක් පුන් පොහොය බෞද්ධයන්ට මහත් ප්රී තියක් උපදවන දිනයෙකි. බුදුරජාණන් වහන්සේ ගේ අනන්ත ගුණ සමුදාය මනසට නැගී එන උතුම් ආගමික පූජනීය දිනයෙකි. අවුරුදු දෙදහස් ගණනකට පෙර සිදු වූ ඓතිහාසික පෞරාණික ශාසනික පුරා වෘත්තයක් සිහිපත් කරවන වටිනා දිනයෙකි.
වෙසක් මාසය

වෙසක්, යනු චන්ද්‍ර මාසයකි. බුද්ධ වර්ෂ ක්‍රමයේ දී සහ සිංහල වර්ෂ ක්‍රමයේ දී බක් සහ පොසොන් මාස අතර මාසයවේ.
සෑම චන්ද්‍ර මසකම මෙන්ම පෑලවක දිනයෙන් ඇරඹෙන මෙම මාසය අමාවක දිනයෙන් අවසන් වේ.
ගන්ධාරයෙන් හමුවූ හිඳි බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමාව

ගන්ධාරයෙන් හමුවූ හිඳි බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමාව යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ වර්තමාන පාකිස්ථානයට අයත් ගන්ධාරයේ ජමාල් ගර්හි භූමියෙන් හමුවූ මුල්කාලීන බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමාවකි. මෙම ප්‍රතිමාව ක්‍රි.ව. 2වන හෝ 3වන සියවසට අයත් යැයි සැලකේ. වර්තමානයේ මෙම ප්‍රතිමාව බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය‍ කෞතුකාගාරයේ කුටිය 33හි ප්‍රදර්ශනයට තබා ඇත. ක්‍රි.ව. 1වන සියවස වනතෙක්ම බුද්ධත්වයට පත්වූවන්ගේ ප්‍රතිමා නිර්මාණය නොකෙරිණි. එයට පෙර බුදුන් වහන්සේගේ රුව සංකේතවත් කෙරුණේ සිරිපතුල වැනි සංකේතවලිනි. සෙසු ගන්ධාර හෙවත් ග්‍රීක-බෞද්ධ කලා කෘති සේම මෙම ප්‍රතිමාව ද පුරාතන ග්‍රීක කලාවේ ආභාසය පෙන්වයි. එයට හේතුව මෙම ප්‍රදේශය මහා ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩර් අධිරාජයා විසින් ස්ථාපනය කරන ලද ග්‍රීක-බැක්ට්‍රීය රාජධානියේ කොටසක් වීමයි.
මෙම ප්‍රතිමාව නෙළා ඇත්තේ ෂිස්ට් පාෂාණයෙනි. මේ නිසා දෑතේ නිය වැනි අතිශයින් සියුම් අංග පවා නිරූපණය කිරීමට ශිල්පියාට හැකියාව ලැබී ඇත. මෙම ප්‍රතිමාව මගින් ආචාර්යවරයකු ලෙස උන් වහන්සේ ධර්ම චක්‍රය පැවැත්වීමෙහි යෙදුණු විලාසය නිරූපණය වේ. මෙම මුද්‍රාව ධර්මචක්‍ර මුද්‍රාව ලෙස හැඳින්වේ. බුදුන් වහන්සේ විසින් සිය ධර්ම චක්‍ර ප්‍රවර්තනය සිදු කරන ලද්දේ බුද්ධත්වයෙන් අනතුරුව උත්තර් ප්‍රදේශ්හි වරාණසි අසල සාරානාත් මිගදායෙහි සිය ප්‍රථම ධර්ම දේශනයෙන් පසුවයි. බුදුන් වහන්සේ ජීවත් වූයේ ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන සියවසේ පමණ වුවත්, මෙම ප්‍රතිමාව නිර්මාණය වී ඇත්තේ ක්‍රි.ව. 2වන හෝ 3වන සියවසේ දී ය. එසේවුව ද, මෙම ප්‍රතිමාව ආදිම බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමා අතුරින් එකක් ලෙස සැලකේ. ක්‍රි.ව. 1වන සියවස තෙක්ම බුද්ධත්වය ලැබූවන්ගේ ප්‍රතිමා නිර්මාණය කිරීමක් සිදු නොවී ය. බුදුන් වහන්සේගේ පරිනිර්වාණයෙන් පසුව එළැඹි මුල් සියවස් සතර තුළ උන් වහන්සේගේ රුව නිරූපණය කෙරුණේ සිරිපතුල වැනි සංකේත අනුසාරයෙනි.
බීබීසී රේඩියෝ 4 නාළිකාවේ වැඩසටහන් මාලාවක් වූ ලෝක ඉතිහාසය වස්තූන් 100කින් නැමැති වැඩසටහනේ 2015 මැයි මස වැඩසටහන සඳහා මෙම ප්‍රතිමාව පූර්විකාවක් ලෙස භාවිතා විය. මෙම වැඩසටහන මගින් ලෙර සංකේතානුසාරයෙන් නිරූපණය කළ බුදුන් වහ්න්සේගේ රුව ප්‍රතිමාවක් ලෙස නිරූපණය කිරීමට අවස්ථාව හිමි කර දුන් සමාජ විපර්යාසය පිළිබඳ සාකච්ඡා කෙරිණි.
බුදුන් වහන්සේ මෙට්ටයක් හෝ පීඨිකාවක් වැනි ආසනයක වැඩ හිඳිනු නිරූපණය කොට ඇත. එම ආසනයේ ඉදිරිපස කුඩා තලප්පාවක් පැළඳ සිටින රශ්මි මාලාවකින් යුත් බෝධිසත්ත්ව රුවක් වේ. එම රුවට පසෙකින් දණගසා සිටින ස්ත්‍රී සහ පුරුෂ රූ දෙකක් වේ. මෙමගින් ප්‍රතිමාව නිර්මාණය කිරීමට අනුග්‍රහ දැක්වූ දායකයන්ගේ රූ නිරූපණය වේ යැයි සිතිය හැක.
මෙම ප්‍රතිමාවට සමාන කළු ෂිස්ට් පාෂාණයෙන් නෙළූ බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමාවක් යේල් විශ්වවිද්‍යාලීය කලාගාරයේ දක්නට ලැබේ තවත් මේ හා සැසඳිය හැකි බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමාවක් ක්‍රිස්ටී’ස්හි දී 2009 සැප්තැම්බර් මස වෙන්දේසි කෙරුණේ ඇ.ඩො. 218,500ක මිලකට ය. එම ප්‍රතිමාව ද ‍ඉහත ප්‍රතිමාවේ කාල වකවානුවට අයත් සහ එම ස්ථානයෙන් හමුවූවකි. එම ප්‍රතිමාවේ උස අඟල් 26කි. මෙම බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමා සියලු බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමා අතුරින් අතිශයින් විරළ ප්‍රතිමා ලෙස පුළුල්ව පිළිගැනේ. ප්‍රතිමා බිඳ හෙළීම් සිදුවන තිබුණ ද මෙවැනි ප්‍රතිමා ප්‍රංශය, ජර්මනිය, ජපානය, කොරියාව, චීනය, ඉන්දියාව සහ ඇෆ්ගනිස්ථානය වැනි රටවල කෞතුකාගාරවල මෙන්ම පාකිස්ථානයේ ද ශේෂ තිබෙනු දැකගත හැක.
සැකිල්ල:British-Museum-100