davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Телеигра

Телеигра (также игровое шоу) — разновидность телешоу, где ключевым элементом сюжета служит соревнование или игра. Соревноваться могут как участники телеигры друг с другом, так и участники с ведущим или с телезрителями.
Предшественниками телеигр были игровые шоу на радио, где, как правило, требовалось дать правильный ответ на вопрос ведущего. В 1940—1950-х годах игровые шоу в том же формате стали появляться и на телевидении, немедленно заработав огромную популярность. В США популярнейшими передачами были «Кто хочет стать обладателем 64 тысяч долларов?» (англ. The $64,000 Challenge), «Двадцать одно» (англ. Twenty One) и «Дотто» (англ. Dotto).
В 1958 году выяснилось, что в погоне за рейтингами продюсеры новой телеигры «Дотто» подсказывали участникам правильные ответы. Это привело к закрытию телепередачи и целому ряду аналогичных скандалов в других популярных телеиграх. В результате телекомпании стали обращать больше внимания на форматы телеигр, не связанных с интеллектом и эрудицией: «Угадай цену» (англ. The Price Is Right), «Пароль» (англ. Password) и другие.
Подобные передачи появлялись и в СССР — сначала «Вечер весёлых вопросов» (1958), затем последовавший за ним в 1961 году «Клуб весёлых и находчивых», где участники соревновались не только в знаниях, но и в остроумии. В 1975 году вышла одна из наиболее популярных телеигр в СССР — «Что? Где? Когда?». В передаче команда участников совместно отвечает на вопросы, которые заранее прислали телезрители.
Телеигры можно классифицировать тем же образом, что и обычные игры, по Роже Кайуа:
В «соревновательных» телеиграх участники состязаются в неком навыке или наборе навыков — эрудиции, реакции, силе и тому подобное. Сюда относится подавляющее большинство телеигр: спортивные шоу-состязания («Большие гонки», «Король ринга»), музыкальные игры («Угадай мелодию», «Можешь? Спой!»), музыкальные шоу-состязание («Народный артист», «Ты — суперстар»), интеллектуальные телеигры («Что? Где? Когда?», «Своя игра») а также формат «шоу на выживание» («Последний герой»).
Ключевым фактором азартных телеигр является случайность, результат зависит от удачи, игроки не столько играют, сколько угадывают. Примерами могут служить «Интуиция», «Один против всех».
Игры из разряда mimicry предлагают участнику «самому стать иллюзорным персонажем и вести себя соответственным образом … отбросить собственную личность и притворно приобрести чужую». Нередко этот тип может сочетаться со спортивным элементом, примерами могут служить «Один в один!», «Точь-в-точь», «Мафия».
Участники этого типа игр подвергаются различным физилогическим воздействиям, которые нарушают их стабильность восприятия окружающей действительности — страху, головокружению и тому подобное. Примерами могут служить «Фактор страха», «Форт Боярд», «Естественный отбор».
Игра-ТВ

ООО «Телекомпания „Игра-ТВ“» — одна из первых частных российских телекомпаний, производитель различных телепрограмм, в частности, телеигр.
В 1990 году Владимир Ворошилов и Наталия Стеценко основали телекомпанию, занимающуюся производством игровых и развлекательных программ для различных каналов российского телевидения и интернета.
В разное время сотрудничала с «Первым каналом», холдингом ВГТРК, телеканалами «ТВ Центр», НТВ, СТС, «Домашний» и другими, а также ведёт каналы на YouTube. За свои работы телекомпания неоднократно становилась лауреатом премии «ТЭФИ».
В 1991 году телекомпания приобрела лицензию на производство телеигры «Любовь с первого взгляда» у британской компании Action Time. Эта программа стала первым лицензионным проектом на Советском телевидении.
По лицензии телекомпании «Игра-ТВ» в разных странах мира производились и производятся оригинальные телевизионные форматы «Что? Где? Когда?» и «Брэйн ринг».
Пиррова победа

«Пи́ррова побе́да» (лат. victoria pyrrhica) — выражение, обозначающее ситуацию парадокса, когда победа достаётся слишком высокой ценой; либо даже когда (локальная) победа, в итоге, ведёт к общему поражению (например, в военной кампании).
Происхождением это устойчивое выражение обязано временам войны римлян с эпирским царём Пирром (лат. Pyrrhus) — тогда, в битве при Аускуле в 279 году до н. э., эпирская армия в течение двух дней вела наступление на войска римлян и, в конце концов, сломила их сопротивление. При этом потери в его войске, состоящем из профессиональных и опытных воинов, были столь велики, что Пирр (во всяком случае, как излагают этот эпизод римские историки, по этническому происхождению в большинстве своём — греки [см. в конце статьи]) заметил: «Если мы одержим ещё одну победу над римлянами, то окончательно погибнем» или, по другой версии, «Если я одержу ещё одну такую победу над римлянами, у меня не останется ни одного воина из тех, что прибыли вместе со мной».
Эпизод упоминается многими античными писателями. Некоторые современные историки отождествляют с происхождением фразы «пиррова победа» более раннее сражение в ходе вторжения Пирра в италийские области — битву при Гераклее (280 до н. э.).
До принятия данного выражения, в обиходе (как минимум, в греческой литературной традиции) было аналогичное выражение «кадмейская победа», основанное на древнегреческом эпосе «Семеро против Фив» — упоминание об этом встречается у ряда древних писателей-греков, от ранних (Платон, «Законы, или О законодательстве» — IV в до н. э.) до позднего (II век н. э.) географа Павсания («Описание Эллады», книга IX).
Пасха (блюдо)

Па́сха (творожная пасха, паска) — особое блюдо из творога, которое по традиции готовится только один раз в году — на праздник Пасхи. Обычай готовить творожную пасху известен в центральных и северных регионах России, тогда как на юге России и Украине пасхой или паской называют праздничный хлеб (кулич).
Оригинальная форма пасхи — усечённая пирамида, символизирующая Гроб Господень. Традиционно для приготовления пасхи использовалась специальная разборная деревянная форма — пасочница. В наши дни для этого часто используют и другую посуду; в России в продаже есть также пластмассовые пасочницы промышленного производства.
Деревянная пасочница делается из дощечек, на внутренней стороне которых вырезают буквы «ХВ», означающие приветствие «Христос Воскресе!», а также изображения креста, копья, трости, проросших зёрен, ростков и цветов — символов страдания и воскресения Иисуса Христа (иногда также голубя, символа Св. Духа). Эти рисунки и надпись потом отпечатываются на готовой пасхе. Две дощечки имеют ушки, а две другие — дырочки для ушек. Для большей прочности в отверстия ушек вставляются клинышки.
Для пасхи полагается брать творог самого лучшего качества — свежий, сухой и однородный. Другие ингредиенты включают сливочное масло, сливки или сметану, изюм. Иногда в пасху добавляют миндаль, другие пряности, яйца. Пасху украшают изюмом, цукатами, орехами и т. п.
Пасхи делают двух видов: сырые и варёные. Так как сырой творог нельзя долго хранить, сырые пасхи обычно делают небольшого размера.
Творог кладут под гнёт, чтобы удалить излишнюю сыворотку, потом дважды протирают через сито. Для сырой пасхи все ингредиенты тщательно перетирают в однородную массу. Для варёной пасхи эту массу кроме того нагревают в кастрюле на огне. Потом кастрюлю опускают в ёмкость с холодной водой и, постепенно помешивая, доводят массу до полного остывания. Затем массу укладывают в пасочницу, застланную кисеёй, влажной марлей или просто мягкой салфеткой. Форму под небольшим гнётом ставят на холод, но не на мороз — на 12 часов. Снявши пасочницу с холода, её ставят широким основанием на блюдо, разбирают и снимают марлю, чтобы не повредить рисунки.
Вместе с другими пасхальными блюдами (куличами, бабами, крашеными яйцами) пасху освящают в церкви и подают к праздничному столу.
Leonid Yakubovich

Leonid Arkadyevich Yakubovich PAR (Russian: Леонид Аркадьевич Якубович, born 31 July 1945) is a Russian actor and television host, best known for hosting the game show Pole Chudes (the Russian version of the Wheel of Fortune – literally, The Field of Wonders – and the celebrity episode of Slaboye Zveno). Yakubovich is one of the best-known television and internet personalities in Russia. In January 2023, Ukraine imposed economic sanctions on Leonid Yakubovich for his support of 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Yakubovich was born in Moscow to a Jewish family, His father was born in Belarus to Belarusian-Jewish parents. In his youth, Yakubovich sought a practical profession, and studied metal craftsmanship. After finishing his education, he went to work at ZIL as a heat-gas technician. In college, Yakubovich started performing in the Russian KVN show.
In the 1980s he became a freelance satire writer and actor, and even played in the Russian children's "film-magazine" Yeralash. Even so, Yakubovich was not considered experienced enough for regular work in television until in 1991 he accepted Vladislav Listyev's proposal to host Pole Chudes. Listyev was previously a mentor to Yakubovich, and helped sharpen his acting skills, among others.
Leonid

Leonid (Russian: Леонид [lʲɪɐˈnʲit]; Ukrainian: Леонід [leoˈn⁽ʲ⁾id]; Belarusian: Леанід, romanized: Leaníd [lʲɛaˈnʲit]) is a Slavic version of the given name Leonidas. The French version is Leonide.
People with the name include:
Fictional characters include:
Yuri Nikolaev

Yuri Alexandrovich Nikolaev (Russian: Юрий Александрович Николаев; born 16 December 1948) is a Soviet and Russian TV and radio host, and actor. He was awarded the title of People's Artist of Russia in 1998, and since 2007 has been a member of the Academy of Russian Television. On 9 May 2007 he was awarded the Order of Friendship via presidential decree, and was awarded the Order of Honour on 14 January 2014 "for his great contribution in the development of national television, radio, print and many years of fruitful activity."
Nikolaev supports the Russian anti-LGBT propaganda law, which prohibits the "propaganda of non-traditional sexual relationships".
Festive Overture

The Festive Overture (Russian: Праздничная увертюра, romanized: Prazdnichnaya uvertyura), Op. 96 is an orchestral work composed by Dmitri Shostakovich in 1954. Commissioned for the Bolshoi Theatre's celebration of the 37th anniversary of the October Revolution, the score has since become one of the most enduring of Shostakovich's occasional scores.
At the time the Festive Overture was composed, Shostakovich was engaged with the Bolshoi Theatre as a musical consultant. According to Lev Lebedinsky, the commission resulted from an impromptu visit to the composer's apartment by Vassili Nebolsin, who came to express the Bolshoi's urgent need of a celebratory work on short notice. With only three days to meet the deadline, Shostakovich agreed to provide an appropriate work and immediately began to compose the Festive Overture. Within an hour, Nebolsin began to send couriers to the composer's apartment to pick up the score page by completed page, who then took them to the Bolshoi's music copyists in order to prepare the parts for performance. The premiere of the score took place on November 6, 1954 at the Bolshoi, with the house orchestra conducted by Alexander Melik-Pashayev.
Shostakovich scored the overture for one piccolo, two flutes, three oboes, three clarinets in A, two bassoons, one contrabassoon; four horns in F, three trumpets in B♭, two trombones, one bass trombone, one tuba; a percussion section with timpani, triangle, cymbals, bass drum, and snare drum; and strings. Shostakovich also includes an extra complement of brass consisting of four horns in F, three trumpets in B♭, two trombones, and one bass trombone.
The Festive Overture begins with a brass fanfare which later reappears before the work's coda. It was recycled from the "Birthday" movement of the Children's Notebook, Op. 69. Gerard McBurney has observed that the work's resemblance to Mikhail Glinka's overture to his opera Ruslan and Lyudmila is evidence for its use as a model for Shostakovich. Altogether the Festive Overture lasts approximately 6 minutes.
Shostakovich himself described the Festive Overture as "just a short work, festive or celebrative in spirit."
Lebedinsky attended the dress rehearsals of the Festive Overture and later recalled his initial impressions of the work: "I heard this brilliant effervescent work, with its vivacious energy spilling over like uncorked champagne." Sofia Khentova wrote that in this score Shostakovich had "with his habitual sensitivity. . . grasped the timeliness and necessity of the overture as a mass, democratic genre," praising its "spectacular flash of expressiveness, festive sparkle, [and] brilliance of orchestration." The work became very popular and was often performed during commemorative events on Soviet holidays.
The Festive Overture, along with the Cello Concerto No. 1, was one of only two works which Shostakovich ever conducted himself. That performance took place at a festival devoted to his music in Gorky on November 12, 1962.
Five years after Shostakovich's death, the Festive Overture was chosen as the signature musical theme of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
Zamir Gotta

Iazamir Gotta (born 1955 or 1956) is a Russian television personality and producer. He is best known as the travelling companion of American chef Anthony Bourdain on his Travel Channel TV show Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations.
Gotta is of Jewish and Crimean Tatar ancestry. He was educated at Moscow State Pedagogical University, where he studied English, and taught the language in Moscow from 1983 to 1988.
Gotta began his career as a film producer working on American productions in Russia. In 2006, he began working as a consultant for the New York-based Trident Media Group, and has produced episodes of Cities of the Underworld for the History Channel, and the Nova documentary Astrospies for PBS, both airing in 2008.
Gotta first met Anthony Bourdain in 2002 when the chef hired him as a guide for the Saint Petersburg, Russia, episode of A Cook's Tour. Gotta subsequently appeared in one more episode of that series, seven episodes of Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations, and two episodes of Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown, the last in 2016. Bourdain called Gotta an "international man of mystery", and his affable personality made him a "something of a folk hero" among fans of Bourdain's shows.
Gotta launched his own vodka brand, Peacemaker, in 2016.
Gotta and his wife Katya are parents of a daughter, Anna, and a son, Anton, who was partially named for Anthony Bourdain. In 2022, 20-year-old Anton died by suicide. After previously living in Connecticut, the Gottas moved to Buffalo, New York, which Zamir first visited while filming an episode of No Reservations.
Andrey Malakhov

Andrey Nikolayevich Malakhov (Russian: Андре́й Никола́евич Мала́хов; born 11 January 1972) is a Russian television personality and presenter on the main Russian television channel, Russia-1.
Malakhov was born in the town of Apatity, Murmansk Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, and studied violin at music school.
In 1995 he graduated from the Faculty of Journalism of the Moscow State University, before studying for one and a half years at Michigan State University. During these studies worked on the newspaper Moskovskiye Novosti and broadcast the show Стиль (Style) on Radio Maximum.
He publishes a magazine and website of the same name, StarHit.
In 1998 entered the faculty of law of the Russian State University for the Humanities and since graduating has worked there, teaching the basics of journalism.
Malakhov has hosted the talk show Let Them Talk from July 2001 to 2017.
In May 2009, Malakhov presented the semifinals of the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest with the Russian model Natalia Vodianova.
Malakhov made cameo appearances as himself in the following films:
In June 2011, Malakhov married Natalia Shkuleva (born 31 May 1980), a publisher of magazine Elle by Hearst Shkulev Digital (Russian edition). They married in the Palace of Versailles. In August 2017, the couple announced that they are expecting their first child.
Media related to Andrey Malakhov at Wikimedia Commons
Russian University of Transport

The Russian University of Transport (RUT (MIIT); Russian: «Российский университет транспорта», РУТ (МИИТ)), officially the Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of transport" (Russian: Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский университет транспорта") is a public university founded in 1896 and headquartered in Moscow, Russia. Along with its main campus located in the capital, the university maintains one other regional campus in Sochi.
RUT is a leading transport educational institution and hosts the biggest university complex in Moscow, Russia. RUT is under the governance of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation.
Russian University of Transport was established as the Imperial Moscow Engineering School (IMIU) by decree of Emperor Nicholas II on May 23, 1896, in order to train engineers for the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Training courses began on 12 September 1896. The first director of the university was professor F.E. Maksimenko. The first course of engineers graduated in 1901 (three-years theoretical course and two-years building practice). The Russian University of Transport is the oldest institution of higher technical education in Russia founded in 1896. Today TUT is the largest scientific and academic complex in Russia, the all Russian leader in the field of training and retraining of specialists and scientific personnel for transport and transport construction. On 15 June 1993, MIIT got the status of the university and its name was changed to the Moscow State University of Railway Engineering.
For more than 120 years of history, more than 650 thousand highly qualified specialists with higher and secondary professional education have left the university. They successfully work in transport and in other various sectors of the economy in Russia and 57 countries of the world. More than 30 Heroes of the Soviet Union and Socialist Labor, transport industry leaders, world-famous scientists, members of the Russian government, governors, mayors of large cities, prominent public figures, prominent representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church and culture, and top businessmen are among the graduates of RUT.
In Soviet times, the university was notable for being one of just a few institutions in the upper echelon that did not participate in the state-directed antisemitism campaign in higher education. This gave many Jewish students in the USSR a chance at a higher education when they would not have otherwise gotten it.
Institutes:
Academies:
Research Institute:
Branches and representative offices:
Colleges and technical schools:
Mark L. Walberg

Mark Lewis Walberg (born August 31, 1962), known as Mark L. Walberg, is an American actor, television personality, and game show host best known for hosting Antiques Roadshow, Temptation Island, and the game shows Russian Roulette on GSN and The Moment of Truth on Fox.
From September 1995 to May 1996, Walberg hosted his own American syndicated tabloid talk show, The Mark Walberg Show.
Walberg is on the board of directors of Goodwill Southern California and the board of managers of the Hollywood/Wilshire YMCA. He plays on the World Poker Tour in the Hollywood Home Games for the Goodwill Industries of Southern California.
On the series finale episode (and also as an April Fools Day episode, as in which he is also a contestant in Lingo, playing for charity) on April 1, 2003, Walberg hosted Friend or Foe?. His other game shows included Russian Roulette, also on Game Show Network, who also appeared as an audience member in the April fools episode as a cameo, and the PAX-TV game show On the Cover.
He was slated to host a game show adaptation of the board game Trivial Pursuit: America Plays beginning in fall 2008. Although he hosted the pilot, he was unable to get out of his Fox contract and was replaced by Christopher Knight when the series debuted.
In 2010, Walberg hosted a series on CMT titled Your Chance to Dance.
Walberg was the host of two television shows. In 2006, he joined the PBS series, Antiques Roadshow. While staying with the show through many changes in formatting, he left the show after season 23 in 2019. The Game Plane, the first game show which is shot on an airplane in flight, debuted on Discovery Family channel in 2014.
In 2011, he made a cameo on West Coast Report. Walberg has also been a spokesperson for 23andMe.
He is the current host of Wheel of Fortune Live! and Temptation Island.
Walberg has been married to Robbi Morgan since 1987 and they have two children together.
Aleksei Veselkin

Aleksei Alekseyevich Veselkin (Russian: Алексей Алексеевич Весёлкин; 21 November 1961 – 26 March 2025) was a Russian actor and TV game show presenter and Honoured Artist of Russia. He was a visible personality on television and in society magazines during the 1980s and 1990s, making a popular comeback in 2006 as the host of Sdelka? (Сделка "Deal?"), the Russian version of the American gameshow Deal or No Deal. During 2012, he was also a radio host on Radio Mayak show of Sergei Stillavin, but he and co-presenter Victoria Kolosova were dismissed after government watchdog Roskomnadzor upheld complaints against a controversial article by the presenters on cystic fibrosis. Veselkin returned to his previous position as a staff actor at the Russian Academic Youth Theatre [ru].
His son Aleksei Veselkin Jr (born in 1990) is a well-known teen actor: Veselkin Sr and Jr dubbed the voices of David Beckham and his son for the Russian version of Coca-Cola advertisements.
Veselkin died on 26 March 2025, at the age of 63.
Bitva extrasensov

Battle of the Psychics (Russian: Битва экстрасенсов, romanized: Bitva extrasensov) is a Russian tv-show which airs on the Russian TNT TV channel, filmed in the format of the British TV show Britain's Psychic Challenge.
Such programs show in the U.S. (America's Psychic Challenge), Israel (Reality Koah – "Power"), Bulgaria ("Ясновидци"), Azerbaijan (Ekstra hiss), Ukraine (Bytva ekstrasensiv), Mongolia (Зөн билгийн тулаан), Georgia (Ekstrasensta Brdzola – ექსტრასენსთა ბრძოლა), Kazakhstan (Qıl kópіr), Australia (The One), Lithuania (Ekstrasensų mūšis), Estonia (Selgeltnägijate tuleproov), Latvia (Ekstrasensu cīņas).
The first release of the first season was aired on February 25, 2007. Now, the 23rd season has started.
One of the creators, Vladislav Severtsev, participated in the producing of the 2017 film The Bride.
Source:
Disney Entertainment

Disney Entertainment is one of the three major divisions of the Walt Disney Company created on February 8, 2023. It consists of the company's entertainment media and content businesses, including its motion picture film studios, television divisions and streaming services.
On November 20, 2022, the Walt Disney Company announced the dismissal of then-CEO Bob Chapek and the return of his formerly-retired predecessor Bob Iger. The following day, Iger announced that Kareem Daniel would step down as chairman of Disney Media and Entertainment Distribution (DMED), which would be later reorganized into a new unit with Alan Bergman, Dana Walden, James Pitaro and Christine McCarthy being involved in its creation. Iger reasoned that the move was intended to return "more decision-making back in the hands of our creative teams and rationalizes costs".
On February 8, 2023, Disney announced a corporate restructuring that included the establishment of Disney Entertainment, with Bergman and Walden serving as chairman and co-chairman respectively. Operations of Disney Streaming, Disney Platform Distribution and all divisions of the Walt Disney Studios and Disney General Entertainment Content, as well as overseas operations were consolidated into the new segment.
On February 9, Rebecca Campbell, chairman of international content and operations, announced that she would step down from her position. Later that month, Walden reorganized the units of Disney General Entertainment Content, placing National Geographic and Onyx Collective under the oversight of FX Networks chairman John Landgraf and combines Freeform and ABC Entertainment.
50% equity holding; joint venture with Hearst Communications
Akarere ka Huye

Akarere ka Huye ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize Intara y’Amajyepfo mu Rwanda. Akarere ka Huye gahana imbibi n' akarere ka Nyanza (Amajyaruguru) akarere ka Nyaruguru (Amajyepfo), akarere ka Nyamagabe (Iburengerazuba) n' akarere ka Gisagara (i Burasirazuba).
Akarere ka Huye kazwi na none kuba gafite inzu ndangamuco y'u Rwanda. Ni mu karere ka Huye kandi dusanga amahoteri menshi mu gace kahoze kitwa Butare.
Umujyi w'akarere ka Huye ni umwe mu mijyi yunganira umujyi wa Kigali.
Ubukungu bw' akarere ka Huye bushingiye ku buhinzi n'ubworozi, ubukerarugendo, ubucuruzi n'inganda.
Mu buhinzi, mu karere ka Huye hera ibihingwa ngandurarugo (ibishyimbo, ibigori, urutoki, Umuceri n'ibindi); mu bihingwa ngengabukungu mu karere ka Huye hera igihingwa cya kawa ni na ho dusanga Ikawa ya Maraba yamamaye mu ruhando mpuzamahanga. Mu karere ka Huye uhasanga ibikorwa by' ubukerarugendo nk' ingoro ndangamurage ( Musee), Ibisi bya Huye, ishyamba ry’Arboretum, amahoteri n’ibindi.
Akarere ka Huye ni ho hari igicumbi cy'uburezi kuko mu karere ka Huye tuhasanga kaminuza n'amashuri makuru 5 [ Kaminuza y’u Rwanda Ishami rya Huye, IPRC South, Catholic University of Rwanda -CUR, Protestant Institute of Art and Social Sciences - PIASS na Seminari Nkuru ya Nyakibanda]. Mu karere ka Huye hari amashuri yisumbuye 50 n' amashuri abanza 100.
Mu karere ka Huye tuhasanga ibitaro bya Kaminuza CHUB, ibitaro by' akarere ka Huye bya Kabutare, amavuriro yigenga 3, Farumasi 17 n'ibigo nderabuzima 16.
Izina ry' Ubutore : Indatirwabahizi
Radiyo y’abaturage ya Huye

Radiyo y’abaturage ya Huye (RC HUYE mu magambo ahinnye y’igifaransa) ni radiyo.
Ku nshuro ya Gatatu, Radiyo y’Abaturage ivugira mu karere ka Huye (RC HUYE), ibicishije mu kiganiro “Tumenye Isi Yacu” kuri iki cyumweru taliki ya 26 Ukuboza 2010 yahembye
abanyeshuri bitwaye neza mu kiganiro. Abahembwe bavuze ko bavomye ubumenyi muri iki kiganiro. Ku ruhande rw’Ubuyobozi bwa RC Huye butangaza ko iki ari igikorwa cy’ingenzi, kuko mu mumaro wa Radiyo kwigisha biza ku isonga, akaba ariyo mpamvu byagize akamaro mu kongerera ubumenyi rusange abakurikirana Radiyo.
Mu bisi bya Huye

ibisi bya Huye ubu biherereye muntara ya amajyepko mu karere ka Huye
Ni uruhererekane rw' imisozi miremire ruhagarariwe n'umusozi wa Huye ureshya na metero 2278 z'ubutumburuke.
Uyu umusozi wa Huye wavuzwe cyane mu mateka yu Rwanda kuko uvugwaho umukecuru wahimbwe akazina ka Nyagakecuru bivugwako yari yarigometse ku Mwami uyu Nyagakecuru ya menyekanye cyane ku Ngoma yu umwami Ruganzu wa II Ndori
amateka atubwirako mu bisi bya Huye hatari mu Rwanda ko ahubwo hari mubwami bwa Bungwe akaba ariyo mpamvu kungoma yu Umwami Ruganzu II Ndoli yifashishije ingabo ze zitwaga|ibisumizi]bakajya gutera ubwo bwami kugirango bigarurire ako gace kari gatuyeho uwo Nyagakecuru wari warigometse ku Mwami w' u Rwanda ariko byari no Muntego zo kwagura mubwami bw'u Rwanda. Bivugwako Ruganzu n'ingabo ze (Ibisumizi) batorohewe no kwigarurira ubwo bwami kuberako bwari bwubatse ku musozi muremure wa Huye kandi urugo rwa Nyagakecuru rukaba rwari rusobetse cyane. Umwami Ruganzu nibwo yigiriye inama yo kubaza(kuraguza) maze indagu zimubwira ko intsinzi zigomba kuba mu ihene. Nibwo yafataga ihene ajya kuzitura Nyagakecuru. Izo hene zarorotse maze zitangira kuzajya zirya imihati yari isobetse urwo rugo mumyaka yakurikiye umwami Ruganzu Ndoli, za hene zaciye imyenge muri rwa rugo maze ingabo z'umwami Mutara Nsoro II Semugeshi (umuhungu wa Ruganzu Ndoli akaba yari yaranamusimbuye) zinyura muri ibyo byuho maze zica Nyagakecuru n' ingabo ze maze mubwami bwa Bungwe bwomekwa ku Rwanda gutyo.
Benginzage wamenyekanye ku izina rya Nyagacecuru wo mu Bisi bya Huye yatwaye igihugu cy' Ubungwe mu kinyejana cya 16
Benshi bamuzi nk'igishegabo akaba yari n'umunyabwenge cyane wabaga mu bushorishori bw'umusozi muremure w'ibisi bya huye.
ubusanzwe ibisi bisobanura uruhererekane rwi imisozi miremire ituye ahantu.
ibisi bya huye biherereye mu murenge wa huye akarere ka Huye
mu Ntara ya Amajyepfo mu kagari ka Sovu
Umusozi wa Huye

Umusozi wa Huye
Mu karere ka Huye hari Umusozi wa Huye uzwi cyane, ugaragara aho uhagaze hose mu karere, Muri uwo musozi tuhasanga n’isoko y’amazi afutse azwi mu Rwanda hose. Ayo mazi hari uruganda rwiyemeje kuyashyira mu macupa hanyuma rukayageza ku ba nyarwanda hirya no hino mu gihugu.
Huye

Akarere ka huye ni kamwe mu turere tujyize amajyepho abanyarwanda benshi bahazi ku izina butare gakora kuturere 4 arityo
ni akarere gafite ibikorwa byinshi bifitiye abaturajye akamaro kanini nka ikibuga cy'umupira wa magura mu rurimi rwa mahanga kitwa ( huye stadium), kaminuza nkuru y'urwanda ndeste n'ibindi byinshi. akarere nikamwe nanone mu mijyi y'ungirije umujyi wa kigali.
Ibere rya Bigogwe

Ibere rya Bigogwe ni umusozi muremure uherereye mu ntara y'iburengerazuba mu Karere ka Rubavu. Uyu musozi ni umwe mu misozi ivugwa cyane mu mateka y'URwanda cyane kandi uteye amatsiko yo kuwusura kubera ubwiza bwawo ndetse nuburyo utangaje ninkuru ziwuvugaho,cyane ko bavugako ari umwe mu misozi yaguyeho abasirikare benshi bo kubwa Perezida Habyarimana Juvenal kuko ariho abakomando bakoreraga imyitozo.
Abaturiye uyu musozi bavuga ko izina Ibere rya Bigogwe ryavuye kumukobwa mwiza
witwaga Nyirabigogwe wakundaga kuharagirira amatungo hanyuma bakawumwitirira.
Nkuko mwabibonye haruguru izina ibere rya bigogwe ryaturutse ku mukobwa wari uhatuye bitaga Nyirabigogwe.Ssibyo gusa uyumusozi wakorerwagaho imyitozo ikomeye nabasirikare babakomando bo kubwa Habyarimana Juvenal kandi bavugako iyo babaga bari mu myitozo uwahushaga akagwa yahitaga ahasiga ubuzima.
Ibere rya Bigogwe riherereye mu karere ka Rubavu mumurenge wa Kanzenze. iyo uhagaze hejuru kuri uwo musozi uba ureba igice kimwe cya Congo Kinshasa nuruhande rumwe rw' ikiyaga cya Kivu.
Ni umusozi ubereye ijisho cyane ko iyo uwuhagazeho uba ureba hirya no hino ndetse uteye muburyo butangaje kuko uforomye nkibere nkuko bawitiriye ibere rya bigwogwe kandi nihamwe mu misozi irimo gusurwa cyane mu gihugu cy'U Rwanda kubera ubwiza bwawo.
Muri iki gihe ibere rya Bigogwe hadutse cyane ubukerarugendo bushingiye k'umuco aho risigaye risurwa cyane
na bamukera rugendo benshi batandukanye ndetse n'ibyamamare bimwe na bimwe byo m'U Rwanda no hanze yarwo hamamajwe cyane numwana w'umusore ukomoka kuruwo musozi ubwo yasozaga amashuri ya Kaminuza akambika inka ingofero kubwo kuyiha agaciro kuko kwiga kwe byasabaga kugurisha zimwe munka batunze.
Abasura uwo musozi bigirayo byinshi bitandukanye birebana n'umuco wu Rwanda harimo nko Gukama,gusimbuka urukiramende , kurara inkera nibindi yinshi...
Ubusobanuro bwa monument

Monument ni ubwoko bw'inyubako yubatswe hagambiriwe kwizihiza umuntu cyangwa ibirori bifite icyo bivuze ku bantu runaka nk' uburyo bwo kwibuka ibihe byabo mu mateka cyangwa umurage w'umuco kubera akamaro byagize mu ubuhanzi bwabo, mu mateka, politiki, Tekiniki cyangwa imyubakireZimwe muri monuments za mbere zari inyubako nini cyane za dolemns cg menhirs zubatswe kubera iyobokamana cg aho gushyingura.Ingero za monuments zirimo ibibumbano inzibutso z intambara , inzu z'amateka , ahantu hari ibisigaratongo , n'ibikorwa Iyo hari inyungu rusange mu kuzibungabunga , monument ishobora kujya ku rutonde rwa UNESCO rw'ahantu ndangamurage
== Ethimology ==
Imvano y'ijambo "monument" riva mu kigereki mnemosynon ndetse n 'ikiratini moneo, monere,
bisobanuye 'kwibutsa' 'kugira inama' cyangwa 'kuburira' Bivuze ko monument idufasha kubona ahahise
bikadufasha kureba ahazaza mugihe kiri imbere
Mu cyongereza ijambo "monumental" rikunda gukore‐shwa mu kwerekana ikintu gifite ubunini n'imbaraga ariko ishobora no gusobanura ikintu cyo kwibuka abapfuye cg ikindi kintu kiranga aho bashyinguye.Monuments zashinzwe imyaka ibihumbi ishize, ziraramba kandi ni ibimenyetso bya gakondo za kera Prehistoric tumuli, dolmens n izindi nyubako byakozwe ku bwinshi mu mico ya prehistoire ku isi hose . Imva z abari abakire n abari abakomeye ni imwe mu isoko y amakuru n ubuhanzi bwo muri iyo mico. Uko abantu bagiye bagira uburyo bwo kuba organized, ni nako hagiye hubakwa monuments
zigoye kuba zasenywa nka Pyramide zo mu Misiri, Greek Parthenon, the Great Wall yo mu bushinwa , Taj Mahal yo mu buhinde cyangwa Moai Easter island. Byabaye ibimenyetso bya civilizations zabo. Mu bihe bya vuba , inyubako za monuments nk ibibumbano bya liberte na Eiffel Tower byabaye
ibimenyetso bya leta zigezweho.
Ijambo monumentality rihuzwa n ikimenyetso no kuba hubatswe monument
Ni muri urwo rwego umunya mateka w umudage Helmut Scharf avuga ko "monument ibaho mu
buryo bufatika ikaba n ikimenyetso" nk ikimenyetso cy ururimi, monument igaragaza ikintu kiriho mu buryo budasanzwe budakunze kuboneka ikagaragara nka metaphore. Igifatwa nka monument buri gihe kigendera ku cyabaye mu mateka cg mu mibanire y abantu
Mu byukuri , uburyo bwo gusobanura bugendera kuko icyi gihe babona ayo mateka. Uburyo bw'umuco wo kwibuka no n urwibutso rw umuco birahura cyane. Ubirebeye Mu buryo bw amateka dichotomy bw ikirimo nuko gikoze bifungura ibibazo bya linguistic
ability byiyo monument. Ibi bigaragaza ko ururimi ari igice kimwe kigize monument kigaragazwa nk ikidafatika.
Muri uko kubihuza , ikiganirwaho ni uburyo bw imibereho bihuza no kwibuka. Ibi ibyemeza monuments nk ikintu gifatika
Umuhire Adrie

Hon. Umuhire Adrie (yavutse taliki 25.07.1977) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda, senateri watowe ahagarariye mu ntara y'amajyepfo. Umuhire afite Impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu inyigisho z'iterambere.
Guhera mu Kwakira 2019 ,yabaye umusenateri na perezida wa komite ishinzwe imibereho myiza n'uburenganzira bwa muntu, iyi mirimo aracyayikomeje (Senator and the chairperson of the committee on Social Affairs and Human Rights from October 2019- ongoing), kuva mu mwaka wa 2006 kugera Ukwakira 2019 yakoze muri kaminuza y'u Rwanda ishami ryigisha ubugeni cg ubuhanzi n'ubumenyi bw'imibereho (Assistant Lecturer at University of Rwanda, College of Arts and Social Science from 2006 up to October 2019), sibyo gusa kuko kuva 2011 kugera 2016 yabaye umwe mu bagize akanama k'abagore bashinzwe imibereho myiza mu murenge wa Ngoma mu akarere ka Huye, mu intara y' amagepfo (A member of National Women Council in Charge of Social Affairs in Ngoma Sector of Huye District /Southern Province: 2011- 2016), mu nama y'abasenateri yabaye kuwa 30 Werurwe 2021, umuyobozi wa sena Hon Adrie Umuhire yavuze ko ubushakashatsi bwabo bwakozwe mu turere 12 muri 30, bugaragaza iterambere ry'ubumwe n'ubwiyunge ko bishoboka niba abaturage bose babishishikarijwe.
https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Abasenateri-bavuze-ko-hari-ibikwiye-gukorwa-mu-kunoza-ireme-ryuburezi
https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1
https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/03/senate-recommends-best-practices-in-unity-and-reconciliation-initiatives/
https://web.archive.org/web/20211120193101/https://imvahonshya.co.rw/sena-yemeje-prof-lyambabaje-nkumuyobozi-mukuru-wa-kaminuza-yu-rwanda/
Urubyiruko Muri Huye

Urubyiruko Mu Karere Ka Huye rwahawe akazi ko gusana Umuhanda.Minisitiri w’urubyiruko n’umuco, Rosemary Mbabazi, mu mpera z’icyumweru gishize yatangije ku mugaragaro gahunda yo gusana imihanda y’ibitaka yangiritse hifashishijwe amasosiyete y’urubyiruko.
Urubyiruko rwakomeje kwerekana umurava ndetse runarema ikizere cyo gukora cyane ahazaza h'igihugu.Abasore n'inkumi bakomeje kwerekana ubufatanye no kunganya n'uburinanire hagati yabo.
Butare

Butare (Kinyarwanda: [βú.tɑ́.ɾe]), also known as Huye and formerly known as Astrida, is a city with a population of 62,823 (2022 census) in the Southern Province of Rwanda and the capital of Huye district. It is the seventh largest town in Rwanda by population.
The Belgian colonial rulers established it in the 1920s and named the city Astrida, in honour of Queen Astrid of the Belgians. The government of Rwanda changed the name of the city when it gained independence in 1962.
The University of Rwanda Butare campus was founded in 2013. Before that, the Butare campus went by the name of National University of Rwanda subsequent its foundation in 1963. Due to the large number of university students and student-centered activities in the city, Butare is often regarded as a university city. It also held the Nyakibanda Seminary and the Rwandan National Institute of Scientific Research.
The city of Butare has long been regarded as the intellectual capital of the country, while Kigali holds most political power.
The Groupe Scolaire Officiel de Butare is the largest secondary school in Rwanda.
The Ethnographic Museum was built in the early 1990s and is a source of information on the cultural history of the country and the region.
The city has one professional football team competing in the top-flight of Rwanda football – Mukura Victory Sports, currently playing in the Rwanda Premier League. It plays its home games at Stade Huye.
Among the places of worship, they are predominantly Christian churches and temples : Roman Catholic Diocese of Butare (Catholic Church), (Lutheran Church of Rwanda (Lutheran World Federation), the Anglican Church of Rwanda (Anglican Communion), Union of Baptist Churches in Rwanda (Baptist World Alliance), Assemblies of God, Church of the Nazarene. There are also Muslim mosques.
The city is served by Butare Airport, a small civilian airport, administered by the Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority.
Huye District

Huye is one of the eight districts (Akarere) that make up Rwanda's Southern Province. It has a total surface area of 581.6 square Kilometers. It has thirteen sectors and 77 cells with a total of 508 umudugudus (villages) in total. The district has a population of 381,900, with an average of 660 inhabitants per square kilometer. The largest city in the province is Butare.
Huye borders with Nyanza district in the North, Gisagara in the east and south, Nyaruguru in the south west and Nyamagabe in the north west. The hilly landscape protrudes from east to west but develops into a steep hilly and mountainous area as one moves towards the west and north west. The western part of the district has tall undulating mountains, including the famous Huye mountain. The district has rainfall a distribution pattern of 1.200 mm and an average climate of 19 °C.
Huye was previously home to the National University of Rwanda, the oldest university in the country, but in 2013 it was merged with other universities in Rwanda to form the University of Rwanda.
The Ethnographic Museum which is home to Rwanda's cultural and historic heritage is also located in the district, also located in Butare. The museum houses some of the remains of last known Rwandan kings surrounded by some of the most ancient tools and traditional hardware.
Huye district is divided into 14 sectors (imirenge): Gishamvu, Karama, Kigoma, Kinazi, Maraba, Mbazi, Mukura, Ngoma, Ruhashya, Huye, Rusatira, Rwaniro, Simbi and Tumba.
2°31′S 29°42′E﻿ / ﻿2.517°S 29.700°E﻿ / -2.517; 29.700
2026 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup Pre-Qualifying Tournaments

The 2026 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup Pre-Qualifying Tournaments were held from 19 to 25 August 2024 in Mexico City, Mexico and Kigali, Rwanda. The winner of each tournament qualified for the 2026 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup Qualifying Tournaments.
On 2 February 2022, FIBA announced a new tournament that acted as pre qualifiers for the next Olympics or World Cup. It replaced the regional pre-qualifiers that started in 2019 and were created to give more opportunities for member associations to play more meaningful games.
16 teams (four per continent) participated in two tournaments, where the winning team advanced to the 2026 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup Qualifying Tournaments. Originally, the 16 teams would play for only one spot in the global qualifiers. However, on 28 November 2023, FIBA decided to increase to spots from one to two.
Teams qualified via their final ranking at the FIBA Continental Cups in 2023. Despite originally qualifying, Colombia (5th at the 2023 FIBA Women's AmeriCup) and Italy (9th at the EuroBasket Women 2023) did not enter. Mexico and Great Britain took the vacant spots.
The draw was held at 14:00 CET on 25 April 2024 at the FIBA headquarters in Mies, Switzerland. Rwandan Minister of Sports, Aurore Mimosa Munyangaju, helped perform the draw.
The seeding was revealed on 24 April 2024. As hosts of the pre-qualifiers, Mexico and Rwanda were placed into pot 1.
Following the draw, the schedule was announced on 29 April 2024.
The Gimnasio Olímpico Juan de la Barrera in Mexico City hosted the competition.
All times are local (UTC−6).
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The awards were announced on 26 August 2024.
The BK Arena in Kigali hosted the competition.
All times are local (UTC+2).
Source:
Source:
The awards were announced on 26 August 2024.
Apne Huye Paraye

Apne Huye Paraye is a 1964 Indian Bollywood film produced and directed by Ajit Chakraborty. It stars Manoj Kumar and Mala Sinha in pivotal roles.
Young Rekha lives with her widowed mother (Dulari). The five-year-old Lata, who is Rekha's mother's friend's daughter, moves in with them along with her maid after her parents pass away. Rekha is friends with a boy named Shankar. Shankar moves to Kanpur and returns years later as a doctor. Shankar (Manoj Kumar) meets a now grown up Rekha (Mala Sinha) and they fall in love with each other. Rekha is a sweet natured simple young woman, while Lata (Sashikala) is greedy, scheming and ill-tempered. Lata becomes attracted towards Shekhar who does not respond to her overtures. Shankar asks for Rekha's hand for marriage. Rekha's mother happily agrees. Lata with help of her maid manages to entrap Shankar in a compromising position. Shankar pleads his innocence, but Rekha's mother believes Lata. She becomes sick due to the shock. Before dying she makes Shankar promise that he will marry Lata. Shanker initially refuses, but everyone emotionally blackmails him into marrying Lata. Rekha's mother dies and Rekha is left with the burden of a big loan her mother had taken for her marriage. She sells her house and belongings to repay the loan and moves in with her servant Foghat (Agha) whom she considers family. She also gets a job to make ends meet. Meanwhile, Lata and Shanker's married life is not going smoothly as Shekhar does not love Lata and Lata constantly fights with him. Shekhar tries to meet Rekha, but she refuses to meet him. One day, Rekha falls seriously ill and Foghat ends up asking for Shankar's help as a doctor. This creates doubts in Lata's mind that Rekha and Shankar are having an affair. To catch them red handed, Lata hatches a plan and makes Rekha move in with her. Things come to a head when both Shankar and Foghat are not at home and Lata's maid puts poison in a glass of water meant for Rekha. Lata unknowingly drinks the water and dies. The police believe Rekha to be guilty of poisoning her rival in love. The case moves into the court and things look bleak for Rekha. Meanwhile, Lata's conniving maid tries to secretly leave the city, but ends up having a fatal accident. In her deathbed, she finally breaks down and confesses to accidentally poisoning her mistress. Rekha and Shankar finally get together again.
2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Group C

The 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Group C is a CAF qualifying group for the 2026 FIFA World Cup. The group contains Nigeria, South Africa, Benin, Zimbabwe, Rwanda and Lesotho.
The group winner will directly qualify for the World Cup, and the runner-up could potentially compete in the second round to advance to the inter-confederation play-offs.
There have been 36 goals scored in 18 matches, for an average of 2 goals per match (as of 25 March 2025).
3 goals
2 goals
1 goal
Bro Goth Agan Tasow

Bro Goth agan Tasow ("Bro gozh hon tadoù") eo kan broadel Kernev-Veur.
Evel hini Breizh, Bro gozh ma zadoù, eo diazezet war hini Kembre, Hen Wlad fy Nhadau. Gant Henry Jenner eo bet savet ar pozioù kerneveurek. Evel ma vez youc'het e Breizh Bevet Breizh e dibenn ar c'han, e vez youc'het Kernow bys Vykken e fin "Bro Goth Agan Tasow". Ur c'han broadel all a vez kanet e Kernev-Veur : Trelawny.
Mona Kerys

Mona Kerys eo anv kanerez Simone Le Pesquer (Angers 1908 - Pariz 1984), ur ganerez eus Bro-Gwened, hag a zo meur a bladenn war he anv.
Ganet e oa Simone ar Pesker en Angers, en ur familh eus Bro-Gwened. Tremen a reas he bugaleaj e Baod, a-raok ober he studi e Skol sonerezh Roazhon, ha mont da Bariz da vevañ gant he gwaz Paul Tessier, un arzour, luc'hskeudennour, kizellour ha livour.
Goude an Eil Brezel-bed, er bloavezhioù 1950 ha 1960, e teuas er-maez meur a bladenn ganti, gant kanaouennoù brezhonek ha gallek. Reiñ a reas kentelioù kan ivez e Kêr-Vreizh, ti Bretoned Pariz.
War he fladennoù e kaver kanaouennoù anavezet evel Bro gozh ma zadoù, Kousk Breizh-Izel, Dalc'h soñj, Me zo ganet e-kreiz ar mor, koulz ha kanaouennoù gallek Théodore Botrel evel La Paimpolaise pe Fleur de blé noir.
Hen Wlad fy Nhadau

Hen Wlad fy Nhadau eo kan broadel Kembre.
Skrivet e voe ar pozioù anezhañ gant Evan James hag ar sonerezh gant e vab, James James, eus Pontypridd, e miz Genver 1856. Ur skouerenn orin eus ar c’han zo deuet betek ennomp : emañ e Levraoueg Vroadel Kembre. Glan Rhondda (glannoù ar stêr Rhondda) e voe titl kentañ ar ganaouenn-se pa voe savet. Kanet e voe evit ar wech kentañ e Maesteg, e miz Genver pe e miz C’hwevrer 1856, gant ur ganerez anvet Elizabeth John, eus Pontypridd. Buan e teuas da vezañ brudet er c’horn-bro. Anavezet e voe pelloc’h c’hoazh goude Eisteddfodd Langollen e 1858. Embannet e voe Glan Rhondda gant Owain Alaw (John Owen, 1821-1883) en un dastumad kanaouennoù anvet Gems of Welsh melody (1860-64). En dastumad-se e voe roet da Glan Rhondda an titl zo gantañ bremañ, Hen wlad fy nhadau (Bro gozh ma zadoù e kembraeg), ha dindan an anv-se e teuas da vezañ anavezet ha kanet dre Gembre a-bezh. Tamm-ha-tamm e teuas da vezañ un arouez brogarouriezh.
Hen wlad fy nhadau eo ar ganaouenn gembraek kentañ zo bet enrollet biskoazh. Graet e voe gant ar gompagnunezh Gramophone, d’an 11 a viz Meurzh 1899, ha kanet e oa gant Madge Breese.
Daoust ma n’eus statud ofisiel ebet gant Hen wlad fy nhadau, ez eo anavezet hag implijet evel kan broadel e Kembre. Bezañ ez eo ar c’han broadel nemetañ a ganer pa vez abadennoù sport, ha ne vez kanet nemet e kembraeg, daoust ma’z eus ur stumm saoznek d’ar c’han ivez. E lidoù ofisiel zo e vez kanet a-gevret gant kan broadel ar Rouantelezh Unanet, God Save the Queen.
War patrom Hen Wlad fy Nhadau eo bet savet kan broadel Kernev-Veur, Bro Goth Agan Tasow, ha hini Breizh, Bro gozh ma zadoù.
Nav bro gozh Breizh

A-raok 1790 e oa rannet Breizh etre nav eskopti, a vez graet anezho nav bro gozh Breizh dre ma oant al live melestradurel a-us da hini ar parrezioù, a-raok hini an dugelezh.
Ul lodenn eus istor Breizh zo en nav bro hengounel eta, a zo aroueziet war ar Gwenn-ha-du.
E 1790 e voe rannet ar vro etre pemp departamant gall ha ne voe ket anv eus Breizh ken er velestradurezh, a-raok krouidigezh ar rannvro pevar departamant.
Roll Rouaned ha Duged Breizh

Hervez ar mare, rieien Breizh a oa bet rouaned ha goude Duged Breizh. Betek kreiz an XIIvet kantved, e veze graet konted eus duged Breizh er paperoù ofisiel, rak rouaned Bro-C'hall a selle ouzh Breizh evel ur gontelezh hepmuiken. E 1297 e teuas dugelezh Breizh da vezañ un dugelezh-pariezh, duged Breizh a oa pared eus Bro-C'hall hiviziken.
Kavout a reer amañ da-heul ur roll rouaned vrezhon o deus renet war ul lodenn eus Breizh :
Breizh-Uhel

Breizh-Uhel (e galleg: Haute-Bretagne; e gallaoueg: Haote-Bertagne (skritur ABCD), Haùtt-Bertaèyn (skritur ELG) pe Haott B·rtingn (skritur MOGA)) eo an anv roet a-gozh da reter Breizh. Graet e vez Gorre-Breizh pe Uhelvreizh anezhi ivez. Enebet e vez ouzh Breizh-Izel.
Aroueziet eo Breizh-Uhel e banniel Breizh gant ar pemp bandenn du.
En tu kleiz d'ar c'hartennoù e veze lakaet an Norzh gwechall, neuze ar Reter el laez ("uhel") hag ar Gornaoueg en traoñ ("izel").
Ur ster yezhel a roer d'an anv alies: bez' e vije ar vro ma ne gomzer ket brezhoneg, e-skoaz Breizh-Izel a vije bro ar brezhoneg.
Da neuze e c'haller teurel evezh:
Ouzhpenn-se
E kanaouennoù zo ez eus kaoz eus mont da lec'h pe lec'h eus Breizh Uhel da zeskiñ galleg. E-touez ar muntroù tamallet da Jili Raez e-kerzh e brosez e oa hini ur c'hrennard a oa deuet eus Breizh-Izel d'ar Vourc'h-Nevez da zeskiñ galleg.