davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Bob Foster (akademisi)

Bob Foster Sinaga (lahir 6 Januari 1958) adalah seorang pendeta, akademikus, dan pengusaha Indonesia. Ia dikenal luas sebagai pendiri lembaga bimbingan belajar Ganesha Operation dan pendiri perguruan tinggi swasta Universitas Informatika dan Bisnis Indonesia (Unibi).
Bob merupakan alumni Institut Teknologi Bandung jurusan teknik elektro tahun 1982. Bersama adiknya, Johnson Sinaga, dan dua temannya, yaitu Kamajaya dan Irfan Anshory, ia mendirikan lembaga bimbingan belajar Ganesha Operation pada tahun 1984 di Bandung. Bob sendiri sebelumnya pernah bekerja di Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) selama kurang lebih 12 tahun.
Pada tahun 2007, Bob mendirikan Universitas Informatika dan Bisnis Indonesia (Unibi) yang merupakan penggabungan dari Politeknik Ganesha Bandung dengan Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi (STIE) Pelita Nusantara. Di universitas ini, Bob menjabat sebagai rektor. Pada tahun 2022, Bob dikukuhkan sebagai guru besar Unibi oleh Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia, Nadiem Makarim.
Diluar pekerjaannya sebagai akademikus, Bob juga aktif dalam kegiatan keagamaan. Ia adalah salah satu pendeta di Gereja Bethel Indonesia Rock Bandung.
Kalvari (seni pahat)

Sebuah Kalvari (Calvaire dalam Bahasa Prancis) adalah sebuah bentuk monumen Crucifix (salib dengan lambang tubuh Yesus) publik yang umumnya ditemukan di daerah Brittany di Prancis.
Kalvari berbeda dengan sebuah salib sederhana karena menyertakan figur-figur tiga dimensi yang mengelilingi crucifix itu sendiri, biasanya menggambarkan Bunda Maria dan para murid Yesus, walau kadang-kadang santo-santa yang hidup pada masa berikutnya dan tokoh-tokoh simbolis juga digambarkan disana.
Kalvari tertua yang masih ada hingga hari ini adalah yang berada di Kapel Notre-Dame-de-Tronoën di kota Saint-Jean-Trolimon, selatan Finistere, dekat Pointe de la Torche. Kalvari ini dibangun di atas sebuah dasar yang besar yang terdapat ukiran yang menggambarkan Perjamuan Terakhir dan peristiwa-peristiwa dalam Penderitaan Yesus menuju kayu salib. Kalvari-kalvari ini memainkan peran yang penting di dalam ziarah religius orang-orang Brittany, yang dikenal dengan nama upacara pengampunan (Bahasa Prancis: Pardons), yang membentuk hal utama dari festival-festival publik disana. Di beberapa kesempatan, kalvari berfungsi sebagai bagian dari mimbar gereja atau singgasana luar ruangan.
Kalvari-kalvari ini ditemukan dalam jumlah yang besar di seluruh Brittany dan hadir dalam berbagai bentuk.
Titiek Puspa

Sudarwati (born 1 November 1937), better known by her stage name Titiek Puspa, is an Indonesian singer and songwriter. Rolling Stone Indonesia has selected two of her songs as some of the best Indonesian songs of all time.
Puspa was born with the name Sudarwati in Tanjung, South Kalimantan on 1 November 1937, to Tugeno Puspowidjojo (d. 1973) and Siti Mariam (d. 1964). Her family later changed her name to Kadarwati, and then finally to Sumarti. As a child, she wanted to be a kindergarten teacher. However, after winning several singing competitions, she decided to become an entertainer, making the decision around age 14. Her parents forbade her from doing so.
After winning the Radio Republik Indonesia singing competition in Semarang, Central Java, Puspa was asked by Sjaiful Bachri of the Jakarta Symphony Orchestra to sing for them. After her performance of Ismail Marzuki's song "Chandra Buana", the group elected to keep her as their regular singer. She left the orchestra in 1962. Her stage name was chosen by President Sukarno during the 1950s.
In 1957 Puspa married Mus Mualim, a Radio Republik Indonesia employee. By 1963 they had two daughters. During this period Puspa began to study songwriting, learning from her husband. Aside from singing and songwriting, Puspa also acts.
In 2009, Puspa was diagnosed with cervical cancer. After several months of treatment, including two months of chemotherapy at the Mount Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore (where she wrote 61 songs), she was declared to be free of cancer. She credits her prayer and meditation in the hospital for her success at fighting cancer.
In a 2008 interview with Bruce Edmond of The Jakarta Post, Puspa stated that "[s]ongs are my medicine, my vitamins, they make my life better."
Puspa has been described as "the grand dame of Indonesian entertainment". In 1963 the Indonesian variety magazine Varia described her name and voice as "inseparable", writing that listeners would stop their activities to focus on her songs when played on the radio.
Alberthiene Endah wrote a biography of Puspa, entitled "A Legendary Diva". It was released in 2008.
Two of Puspa's songs, "Kupu-Kupu Malam" ("Nighttime Butterflies", from the album of the same name) and "Bing" (from Cinta) were selected as some of the best Indonesian songs of all time by Rolling Stone Indonesia in 2009. "Kupu-Kupu Malam" was ranked 32nd; the write-up noted that the song was an unbiased look at prostitution in Indonesia, with Puspa's vocals at times as if she were holding back tears and at other times roaring with strength. "Bing", Puspa's tribute to Bing Slamet, was ranked 41st and described as being capable of expressing her feelings of loss without coming across as overly emotional.
Puspa is married to director Mus Mualim. Together they have two children. As of 2008, Puspa lives in South Jakarta.
The following is a partial list of Puspa's albums.
The following is a partial list of sinetron and films that Puspa has performed in.
Three Sassy Sisters

Three Sassy Sisters (Indonesian: Ini Kisah Tiga Dara; lit. This Is a Story of Three Maidens) is a 2016 Indonesian musical film directed by Nia Dinata. The film stars Tara Basro, Shanty, and Tatyana Akman as the three sisters. It was inspired by 1956 film Tiga Dara by Usmar Ismail.
The film follows three sisters who move to Maumere, Flores to help their father manage a hotel.
Dinata revealed that she had enjoyed watching Tiga Dara as a child and that she remained awed by the film's beauty. Titiek Puspa revealed that Dinata herself approached and asked her to be involved in the film. The film was shot in Maumere, East Nusa Tenggara and Jakarta, from February 23 to March 27, 2016.
In January 2016, Dinata held a casting audition, to find the actress who would play Bebe, the youngest sister. A reality show documenting the process Mencari Tiga Dara was released on the film's YouTube official channel. Nine aspiring actresses were shortlisted, Asmara Abigail, Tatyana Akman [id], Nala Amrytha [id], Meirayni Fauziah [id], Alika Islamadina [id], Cindy Nirmala [id], Dea Panendra, Galabby Thahira [id], and Araminta Waworuntu.
Three Sassy Sisters features music by Titiek Puspa, Aghi Narottama, and Bemby Gusti of Indonesian indie band Sore. It includes two songs . The film's soundtrack, titled Music and Songs from the Film Ini Kisah Tiga Dara, was released on July 20, 2016 through Rooftopsound Records.
Putri Raemawasti

Gracia Putri Raemawasti Mulyono (born 5 December 1986 in Blitar, East Java) is an Indonesian public figure, journalist and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title of Puteri Indonesia 2007 (Miss Indonesia Universe 2007) representing East Java. She has attended the Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, majoring in industrial engineering.
Raemawasti represented the province of East Java in the Puteri Indonesia 2007 national beauty contest. Raemawasti was crowned Puteri Indonesia 2007 at the finals held at the Jakarta Convention Center, on 3 August 2007, by the outgoing titleholder of Puteri Indonesia 2006, Agni Pratistha Arkadewi Kuswardono of Central Java. She was selected as the winner of Miss Universe Indonesia. The final coronation night was graced by the reigning Miss Universe 2007, Riyo Mori of Japan.
Raemawasti represented Indonesia at the Miss Universe 2008, but was unplaced. At the Miss Universe, she was the first Miss Indonesia to wear a two-piece bathing suit rather than the usual maillot one piece during the final presentation show. Dayana Mendoza of Venezuela was crowned by Riyo Mori as her successor at the end of the event.
Oey Djie San

Oey Djie San, Kapitein der Chinezen (died in 1925) was a Chinese-Indonesian public figure, bureaucrat and landlord, best known for his role as Landheer of Karawatji and Kapitein der Chinezen of Tangerang. In the latter capacity, he headed the local Chinese civil administration in Tangerang as part of the Dutch colonial system of 'indirect rule'.
Oey was born into an old family of the 'Cabang Atas' aristocracy in the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia). His father, Oey Khe Tay, also served as Kapitein der Chinezen of Tangerang from 1884 until dying in office in 1897, while his great-grandfather, Oey Eng Sioe, was a Luitenant der Chinezen from 1856 until 1864 before retiring with the honorary rank of Kapitein-titulair der Chinezen. Oey's mother, Nie Kim Nio, was the daughter of Nie Boen Tjeng, Kapitein der Chinezen and a descendant of Kapitein Nie Hoe Kong, who was in office at the time of the Chinese Massacre of Batavia in 1740. As a descendant of Chinese officers, Oey bore the title 'Sia' from birth. In addition to their tradition of public service, his family also owned extensive particuliere landerijen, or private domains, in Tangerang, centred on Karawatji.
In 1895, together with his father, Oey incorporated Cultuur-Maatschappij Karawatji-Tjilongok, a new landholding company with a capital of 600,000 guilders, controlling the family's historic domains of Karawatji-Tjilongok, Grendeng, Gandoe and Karawatji-Tjibodas. He acted as director of the newly-established company. As a Chinese-Indonesian country squire, he supported local education and cultural endeavours, for example by acting as patron of the local branch of Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan, a Confucian cultural and educational organisation, when it was founded in Tangerang in 1904. He also dabbled in horse racing, sending his thoroughbred, Rosebloom, to the races in 1907.
Oey's bureaucratic career began with his elevation in 1907 to the post of Kapitein der Chinezen of Tangerang in succession to the outgoing Kapitein Oey Giok Koen (in office from 1899 until 1907). The new incumbent was a maternal first cousin of the outgoing Kapitein's wife. This appointment broke with established convention, which dictated that a Kapitein should only be chosen from the ranks of Luitenants, usually the oldest or longest-serving. Though he came from a family of Chinese officers, Oey had not served previously in any government position. In 1909, he took a leave of absence for one year while he travelled on a 'Grand Tour' of Europe, in part to visit his two eldest sons who were at school in Haarlem in the Netherlands. He resumed his duties upon returning to the Indies in 1910, and served as Kapitein until 1916. In 1917, the former Kapitein was appointed by the colonial authorities to the Gewestelijke Raad ['Regional Council'] of Batavia.
Kapitein Oey Djie San died on October 11, 1925, in Karawatji, Tangerang. His eldest son, Oey Kiat Tjin, succeeded him as Landheer of Karawatji, and eventually in 1928 as the last Kapitein der Chinezen of Tangerang; a younger son, Oey Kiat Ho, was a prominent landowner and community leader.
Emil Dardak

Emil Elestianto Dardak (born 20 May 1984) is an Indonesian politician who is the Vice Governor of East Java. Before becoming Vice Governor, he was the regent of Trenggalek Regency between 2016 and 2019 and was a singer cum actor prior to his political career.
Emil Dardak was born in Jakarta on 20 May 1984 as the eldest children of four siblings to an ethnic Javanese family hailing from Trenggalek, East Java province. Dardak studied at Singapore's Raffles Institution and later for his undergraduate degree at the University of New South Wales and he eventually completed his formal education after graduating with a doctorate from Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University. In addition, Dardak participated in the 2018 class of the Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative, being the only Indonesian between the 40 mayors involved.
From 2001 to 2003, Emil was a World Bank Officer in Jakarta, and serving as a Media Analysis Consultant at Ogilvy. By 2012, Dardak had been appointed as executive vice president of the state-owned company PT Penjaminan Infrastruktur Indonesia.
Dardak registered in 2015 to run in Trenggalek's regency election with the 25-year old Muhammad Nur Arifin as running mate, with the support of PDI-P, Gerindra, Golkar, PAN, Demokrat, Hanura and PPP. The pair won 76 percent of the votes (282,487), winning in all of Trenggalek's subdistricts. The pair was sworn in on 17 February 2016.
After being regent, Dardak attempted to diversify the economy of Trenggalek, promoting tourism and encouraging investment programs in the area - which typically sees less investors than regencies in northern Java. He later became running mate to Khofifah Indar Parawansa in the 2018 East Java gubernatorial election, and the pair won with 10,465,218 votes (53.55%). The pair was sworn in on 13 February 2019.
Dardak is a member of the Democratic Party, although he endorsed Joko Widodo in the 2019 Indonesian presidential election - against party lines.
Dardak's father, Hermanto Dardak (1957-2019), was deputy minister of public works under Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's presidency and in 2015 served as head of regional development in the same ministry. Emil is married to a fellow actress Arumi Bachsin [id], who was of mixed Indo Eurasian-Bengkulu descent from Palembang, South Sumatra.
Dean James (footballer)

Dean Ruben James (born 30 April 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Eredivisie club Go Ahead Eagles. Born in the Netherlands, he represents the Indonesia national team.
James was released from his contract by Volendam at the conclusion of the 2022–23 season.
On 18 July 2023, James signed a three-year contract with Go Ahead Eagles.
In February 2025, it was announced that James had decided to represent Indonesia at international level. On 9 March, James was called up to the national team for the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualifiers matches against Australia and Bahrain. On 20 March, he made his debut with Indonesia in a 5–1 loss to Australia in a 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification match.
Born in the Netherlands, James is of Indonesian descent.
On 10 March 2025, James officially obtained Indonesian citizenship.
Emil Salim

Emil Salim (born 8 June 1930) is an Indonesian economist and former politician. Born of Minangkabau parents, both from the village of Koto Gadang in West Sumatra. His uncle is Agus Salim, one of the founding fathers of the Republic of Indonesia and Minister of Foreign Affairs in the early 1950s.
Salim graduated from the Faculty of Economics of the University of Indonesia in 1959. He obtained a PhD in economics from the University of California, Berkeley, and returned to Indonesia to a teaching position at the Faculty of Economics of the University of Indonesia in 1964. He became one of the well-known group of 'Berkeley Mafia' economic advisers, working closely with Professor Widjojo Nitisastro. In 1977 he was appointed to the position of professor of economic development at the University of Indonesia.
Salim has held a number of government positions, including:
Salim has chaired the Foundation for Sustainable Development and the Kehati Foundation, and co-chaired the United States-Indonesia Society. He is a member of the Association of Indonesian Moslem Intellectuals.
In July 2001, the World Bank launched an independent inquiry called the Extractive Industries Review (EIR). The review was headed by Salim. Salim held consultations with a wide range of stakeholders in 2002 and 2003. The EIR recommendations were published in January 2004 in a final report entitled Striking a Better Balance. The report concluded that fossil fuel and mining projects do not alleviate poverty and recommended that World Bank involvement with these sectors be phased out by 2008 to be replaced by investment in renewable energy and clean energy. The World Bank published its Management Response to the EIR in September 2004. The EIR served to alter the World Bank's policies on oil, gas and mining. Following the EIR process, the World Bank also issued a revised Policy on Indigenous Peoples.
Batik Day

National Batik Day (Indonesian: Hari Batik Nasional) is an Indonesian cultural day for celebrating batik – the traditional cloth of Indonesia. It is celebrated on October 2 and marks the anniversary of when the UNESCO inscribed batik as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2009.
At the day, in Jakarta, the map of Indonesian batik diversity by Hokky Situngkir was opened for public for the first time by the Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology. The Indonesian government strongly encourage Indonesian people (especially government officials, employees of state-owned enterprises, and students) to wear batik annually on the holiday and on Fridays to commemorate the day. Wearing batik every Friday has also been encouraged in private companies.
Because batik is recognized by UNESCO as an Indonesian cultural contribution to the world, Indonesians found it to be a reason to celebrate this traditional fabric and the garments made from it. It started from the meeting from the UNESCO Jakarta team on the journey of how batik came to be included on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) for Humanity and the great meaning and pride it gives to many Indonesian people.
A number of batik artisans from Borobudur and Klaten, Central Java, also took part in the celebration and outlined how Batik has now become an important source of livelihood development for them and their communities in the region. The group from Klaten shared inspiring stories on how they grew from 'zero to hero'. Their story takes them from being employed as workers on a low wage for a batik factory to developing their own cooperation of 169 women who have sustainably been able to increase their income by tenfold.
Batik is a traditional cloth originating from the island of Java that has roots in the country's historical artwork. In celebration of their culture, Indonesians dress head-to-toe in batik for the holiday. Now, Batik Day is celebrated across a number of platforms all over the world. Particularly, in Indonesian organizations ranging from universities, church groups, and communities all around the world. These Indonesian organizations usually celebrate Batik Day as well in order to create awareness of Indonesia's traditional fabric to other cultures.
Jaguar R5

The Jaguar R5 was a Formula One racing car used by Jaguar Racing to contest the 2004 Formula One season. The R5 was the last chassis made by Jaguar Racing, before they became Red Bull Racing in 2005. The car was driven by Mark Webber and rookie Christian Klien and its first 2004 Formula One outing was at the Circuit de Catalunya, Barcelona in pre-season testing.
Jaguar used an updated R5B chassis for two races. Klien gave the B spec chassis its debut in China and Webber used it in Brazil. The R5B had originally been taken to the Italian Grand Prix but was not used. Webber drove the R5B in Japan during Friday practice, but due to the lack of running have to revert to the old car for the race.
The car was relatively successful, with Webber scoring four points finishes including a sixth place at Hockenheim. Klien also proved reliable, retiring on only four occasions and managing sixth place at Spa-Francorchamps.
Jaguar finished seventh in their final Constructors' Championship, with 10 points. Jaguar's successor, Red Bull Racing, retained Klien for 2005, while Webber moved to Williams (only to later return to Red Bull).
As with the previous seasons, the car was painted in dark green with white accents. The team retained their long-tem sponsorship whith HSBC during the Stewart Grand Prix period along with support from Hangar-7.
At the Monaco Grand Prix, Jaguar unveiled a special livery to promote the new film, Ocean's Twelve. The car's airbox and red-painted nose feature the movie's logo, and the car's nose features a diamond worth $300.000 owned by jewelry brand Steinmetz. Klien crashed into the guardrails at the Loews hairpin on the first lap. When Jaguar personnel arrived at the crash site, the diamond was gone.
When Red Bull bought the Jaguar team in November 2004, they had just a few days to come up with an all new livery in time for their first pre season tests. The livery was light blue and grey and resembled an energy drink can in colour.
The R5 made a second racing debut in BOSS GP at the 2011 Hockenheim Historic driven by Klaas Zwart coming second in the first race and retiring in the second. The car was later badly damaged in 2017 in a BOSSGP race at Assen TT circuit. This car was repaired and returned to racing in 2019.
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Strollad ar Vro Bagan

Strollad ar Vro Bagan a zo ur strollad c'hoariva.
Savet e voe Strollad ar Vro Bagan e Plouneour-Traezh er bloavezh 1973-1974, e diabarzh Oaled Sevenadurel ar Vro Bagan (1965). E 1979 eo deut da chom da Blougerne el lec'h m'emañ atav bremañ. Adalek 1982 ez eus bet tud a vicher er strollad evit sevel pezhioù diouto o-unan (evit ar vugale hag evit ar re gozh) hag evit ober war-dro ar pezhioù-c'hoari brasoc'h, ma c'hoari tud all ivez ha n'int ket tud a vicher.
Sevel a ra ar strollad pezhioù-c'hoari e brezhoneg, e galleg-brezhoneg, pe e galleg. Danvez Breizh ha Keltia a vez pleustret gant Ar Vro Bagan : ar yezh, ar sevenadur, an istor.
Setu un nebeud pezhioù-c'hoari abaoe ar penn-kentañ:
C'hoariet ez eus bet ivez kalz pezhioù berr e-doug beilhadegoù : Roparz Hemon, Pêr-Jakez Helias, Goulc'han Kervella, Anton Tchekhov, Naig Rozmor ha Pêr-Mari Mevel...
C'hoari poblek evit Breizh, o labourat war ar sevenadur keltiek, hag amzer a-vremañ ar Vretoned...
Goulc'han Kervella

Goulc'han Kervella, ganet d'ar 4 a viz Gouere 1951 e Plougerne en ur familh bezhinaerien, zo ul leurenner, ur c'homedian, ur rener strollad c'hoariva hag ur saver pezhioù-c'hoari ha romantoù. Gant e strollad c'hoariva Ar Vro Bagan o deus graet berzh an arvestoù brezhonek ha gallek diskouezet da viliadoù a dud.
Kregiñ a reas gant e studioù medisin e 1969 ha sevel a reas un dezenn diwar-benn Ar medisinerezh el lennegezh vrezhonek en XIX hag XX kantved. D'ar memes koulz e oa krog da vezañ troet gant ar c'hoariva hag en doa kemeret perzh e Strollad ar Vro Bagan, un oaled evit ar re yaouank ha chomet eo e rener. E 1982 e reas e soñj mont war ar vicher komedian.
Skrivet ha savet en deus meur a bezh-c'hoari e galleg hag e brezhoneg ha kaset en deus ur pezh-mell labour evit brudañ ar c'hoariva er skolioù. Awenet eo gant istor Bro-Leon, he zud vrudet, he zud vunut hag he sevenadur, pouez ar relijion enni. Skrivet en deus levrioù brezhonek ivez evel ur buhezskrid, danevelloù ha romantoù.
Savet en deus pezhioù-c'hoari istorel pe gempred levezonet pe get gant testennoù anavezet (Barzaz Breiz, Pasion Jezuz-Krist, Mojenn Kêr-Is, Buhez Mikael an Nobletz) hag ivez pezhioù-c'hoari farsus, enno ur sell hag ur preder war emdroad kevredigezh Bro-Leon pe Vreizh a-bezh.
Koulskoude en deus leurennet Goulc'han Kervella pezhioù-c'hoari pe danevelloù an oberourien vrezhonek pennañ ivez : Tangi Malmanche, Jakez Riou, Yann-Vari Perrot, Jarl Priel, Roparz Hemon, Per-Jakez Helias, Pêr-Mari Mevel, Naig Rozmor. Lakaet en deus da dreiñ e brezhoneg pezhioù-c'hoari Anton Tchec'hov (An droug a ra ar butun), Georges Courteline (Gant aon da gaout bazhadoù), Alejandro Casona (Justis ar C'harijidor), Tristan Bernard (Laeroñsi).
Meur a wech eo bet c'hoariet ar pezhioù-c'hoari evit ar skinwel brezhonek : Meurlarjez ha Lina savet gant Roparz Hemon, da skouer.
Graet en deus Strollad ar Vro Bagan ul labour a-bouez-tre gant ar skolidi hag ar skolajidi skoliataet gant Diwan ken e vezont boas, darn anezho dianav, da vont war al leurenn.
Kemer perzh e buhez e gornad a ra Goulc'han Kervella. Bet eo bet eilmaer Plougerne etre 1983 ha 2001 ha prezidant Mirdi ar vezhinerien.
Roet eo bet Kolier an Erminig dezhañ e 1998.
E miz Genver e oa bet roet da c'houzout e oa prest ur romant gant Kervella da zont er-maez eus ti TES pa oa bet enebet gant Rektoriezh Roazhon ouzh an embann abalamour ma oa bet meneget anv Roparz Hemon en oberenn. Embannet eo bet en eil trimiziad 2016 e ti Al Liamm gant an titl : Mari-Vorgan ar Glandour.
Oberennoù all zo bet embannet gant Emgleo Breiz.
-embannet gant TES :
E 1998 e voe roet Kolier an Erminig dezhañ en abeg d'e labour evit Breizh hag ar brezhoneg.
Gwerz

Ur werz (liester: gwerzioù) a zo ur ganaouenn e brezhoneg hag a gont un istor. Klotañ a ra gant ar gerioù ballad e saozneg, ha baled e kembraeg. Dre ma vez trist pe kriz an istorioù kontet alies e kred d'an dud alies int memes tra evel klemmganoù.
Dont a ra ar ger gwerz eus al latin uersus (gwerzenn, linennad barzhoneg). E kembraeg ez eus ur ger gwers ivez hag a dalv kement ha kentel.
Savet int diwar mojennoù kozh, buhez tud brudet en istor Breizh, gwallzarvoudoù, istorioù karantez ur fin skrijus dezho. Se eo pezh a greder hiriv, met pa veze savet gwerzioù e veze kaoz enne eus traoù nevez-degouezhet.
Hir-mat e vez kavet ar gwerzioù alies, kalz pozioù enne, ha goustad ez eo an ton anezhe evel ma tere ouzh ur ganaouenn hag a zo graet evit bezañ selaouet ha komprenet. Met pa oant savet ne vezent ket kavet hir, ha disheñvel eo an doare a zo hiziv da welout an amzer hag ar pad diouzh an hini a oa gwechall.
Kavout a reer gwerzioù en oberennoù-mañ dreist-holl:
Brudet eo ar werzaouerien-mañ:
Storlok

Storlok a zo bet ur strollad sonerezh eus Breizh hag a gane da gentañ penn kanaouennoù doare rock, hag ivez blues, e brezhoneg. Blaz ar folk a oa ivez gant o fladenn vras. Ne badas ket pell ar strollad-se. Daoust da se e tapas ur vrud “mitik” pa oa bet degaset un doare nevez da ganañ brezhoneg ganto ha pozioù stag eus darvoudoù o amzer.
Darn eus o c’hanaouennoù a zo anavezet mat c’hoazh evel Gwerz ar vezhinaerien, Keleier Plogoff pe Boutoù koat dre dan. Etre keleier ar stourmoù er vro (Keleier Plogo ha Kastell Rock) hag ar stourmoù etrebroadel (Gwerz Marv Jorj Jackson) un nebeud sonerien ha kanerien yaouank o deus divizet er bloavezh 1976 Lavar ar bed e brezhoneg o heuliañ froud sonerezh ar mare. Ar strollad ne bado ket muioc'h evit pevar bloaz met roudoù hag heklev a chom c'hoazh war e lerc'h.
Saverien ar pozioù o deus graet o zammig hent abaoe :
O kanañ gant ar strollad e oa ivez :
Paotr e vinvioù :
Kanit 'ta tudoù

Kanit 'ta tudoù ! Chansons du dimanche et de tous les jours zo un dastumad kanaouennoù ha fablennoù brezhonek kernurzhiet gant Maryvonne Berthou hag embannet gant Ti ar Vro Bro-Leon, e Lesneven, e miz Du 2010.
Ul levrig eizh pajenn ha pevar-ugent dezhañ ha div bladennig-arc'hant zo :
Tud all o devoa kemeret perzh en enrolladenn ar pladennoù : Jakez ar Born o seniñ ar gitar e Yannig an difouper neizhioù, Kaourantinig ha Marivonig hag e Koukouk ; Pol Quefféléant o seniñ an delenn en Ur plac'h yaouank diwar ar maez, Tremen a ra pep tra, War ar menez, ar bastored hag e Kantik ar baradoz.
Lionel Floch

Lionel Floch was born in Quimper in 1895 and died in 1972. He was a French painter, engraver, and designer.
Floch was the son of a naval officer and studied at the "Tour d'Auvergne" school in Quimper. After being mobilized during the 1914-1918 war, he studied painting under Théophile Deyrolle at Concarneau. He was also influenced by Lucien Simon. He had little love of abstract painting, concentrating on figurative works many depicting scenes of life in the "Pays Bigouden" and the area around Cap Sizun (Baie de Douarnenez, la baie d'Audierne, la Pointe du Raz.etc.). He painted the Breton pardons, scenes at the port and people collecting seaweed ("Le ramassage du goémon"). From 1923 to 1948, he worked as the registrar of Pont-Croix but continued to paint and was a leading figure in the Quimper intellectual and artistic community during these years, his friends including Jean Moulin and Max Jacob. Floch was anti-militarist, anti-clerical and anti-Gaullist. He executed portraits of Jacob and Moulin, who both died at the hands of the Germans. Moulin died on a train on the way to a concentration camp in Germany and Jacob died at the Drancy camp awaiting deportation. In 1927, Floch showed his works at the Saluden Gallery in Brest. He then exhibited there regularly, and at the Lécuyer Gallery in Quimper. He also exhibited regularly at the French Artists Salon and in the Autumn Salon. He was subsequently transferred as the registrar of Grasse and Chinon until finally retiring to Quimper in 1958 where he spent the rest of his life. In his final years he had a change of mind and became interested in abstract painting.
His works were numerous and include:-
1."La pêche à la sardine", one of Floch's paintings, was used to decorate sardine tins.
2. In 2007 the "maison du marquisat" of Pont-Croix and the "Musée bigouden" of Pont-l'Abbé staged a retrospective of Floch's work.
Burnous

A burnous (Arabic: برنوس, romanized: burnūs), also burnoose, burnouse, bournous or barnous, is a long cloak of coarse woollen fabric with a pointed hood, often white in colour, traditionally worn by Arab and Berber men in North Africa. Historically, the white burnous was worn during important events by men of high positions. Today, men of different social standing may wear it for ceremonial occasions, such as weddings or on religious and national holidays.
The word burnous (Arabic: برنوس) is an Arabic word for a "long, loose hooded cloak worn by Arabs", which itself is derived from the Greek word "birros". The word is found in a hadith by Muhammad that prohibited the burnous and various other clothing during Hajj. In Mashriqi sources, it denotes a long hood or body garment. The burnous was also present in the early Muslim Arabian Peninsula. Various nineteenth century sources have referred to the burnous as an Arab cloak.
In antiquity this garment was referred to as byruss Numidicus meaning "Numidian hooded cloak" and was mentioned as such in the Expositio totius mundi et gentium. In the Maghreb, the colour of the burnous may be white, beige, or dark brown. There are rock engravings near Sigus that attest the existence of the burnous in the ancient times and that it was worn by the Numidians and inhabitants of the Arabian Desert.
During the French colonial period in Algeria (1830-1962), the burnous became a symbol of identity for Algerians. Many Algerians, including those who were not nomadic, began wearing the burnous as a way to assert their cultural heritage and resist French influence.
The burnous was also worn during the Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962), both as a symbol of resistance and as a practical garment for guerrilla fighters operating in the mountains and deserts.
Today, the burnous remains an important symbol of Algerian culture and identity. It is often worn on special occasions, such as weddings and religious festivals, and is sometimes used as a costume in traditional dance performances. It also forms part of the ceremonial uniform worn by the mounted cavalry detachment of the Algerian Republican Guard.
The burnous became a distinctive part of the uniform of the French Army of Africa's spahi cavalry, recruited in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. It was also sometimes worn unofficially by officers or soldiers of other units in North Africa. The white burnous remains part of the parade uniform of the one remaining spahi regiment of the French Army: the 1st Spahi Regiment.
Other names for a burnous include albornoz, sbernia, sberna, and bernusso.
Linen-press

Traditionally, a linen-press (or just press) is a cabinet, usually of woods such as oak, walnut, or mahogany, and designed for storing sheets, table-napkins, clothing, and other textiles. Such linen-presses were made chiefly in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries and are now considered decorative examples of antique furniture. Early versions were often simple, with some exhibiting carving characteristic of Jacobean designs. Examples made during the 18th and 19th centuries often featured expensive veneers and intricate inlays and were designed to occupy prominent places in early bedrooms as storage closets for clothing.
In modern houses, a linen press is often a built-in cabinet near a bedroom or bathroom, for easy access to fresh bed sheets and towels.
Analogous terms are laundry cupboard or linen cupboard.
In Ireland the term hot press describes an airing cupboard used for storing linen.
Scoubidou (tool)

A Scoubidou is a corkscrew-like tool that is used for the commercial harvesting of seaweed, whose invention is credited to Yves Colin in 1961. The device consists of an iron hook attached to a hydraulic arm. It superseded a common harvesting tool known as the guillotine shortly after its invention. The scoubidou is used primarily for harvesting Laminaria digitata, a species used mainly for fertiliser.
Trucker hat

A trucker hat, mesh cap or netback cap is a soft hat with a rounded crown and a stiff flat bill projecting in front. It is also sometimes known as a "gimme [as in 'give me'] cap" or a "feed cap" because this style of hat originated during the 1970s as a promotional give-away from U.S. feed or farming supply companies to farmers, truck drivers, or other rural workers.
From the 1930s until the 1960s, truckers were provided with a type of peaked cap known as a mechanic's cap. This often bore the logo of the haulage company.
The design of a trucker cap is similar to that of a baseball cap, with a slightly curved bill in front, a cap constructed from six almost triangular gores, and a button on top. Instead of being made of cotton fabric like a typical baseball cap, the front section of a trucker hat above the bill is foam, and the rest is plastic mesh for breathability. The foam front of the hat stands up straight and stiff, which makes the trucker hat taller than most baseball caps. There is an adjustable plastic snap or hook-and-loop closure in the back to ensure that one size fits most. This design was intended to make the cap much cooler in the sun or hot weather for the comfort of the wearer.
In the early 2000s, the trucker hat became a mainstream fashion trend, predominantly among suburban American youth associated with the hip-hop, pop punk, and skater subcultures. This came about with a sense of irony due to the hat's rural or blue collar association and typically older demographic. It has frequently been donned by celebrities; musician Pharrell Williams and actor Ashton Kutcher in particular helped make the hat fashionable. However, in a 2008 interview with Fashion Rocks magazine, singer Justin Timberlake claimed that, while Kutcher has been cited for popularizing the trucker hat, Timberlake had been wearing them since the age of seventeen. The trucker hat trend was lampooned in the King of the Hill episode "Grand Theft Arlen", in which teenagers confuse Hank Hill by asking where he bought his Strickland Propane cap and questioning its irony.
Comedian Judah Friedlander is known for his signature trucker hats, which bear various humorous phrases. Having worn trucker hats since the 1980s, Friedlander claims a fondness for them and has ignored any rejecting or embracing fashion trends surrounding the hats throughout the decades. In a 2007 interview, he stated:
Tortang talong

Ang tortang talong, kilala rin bilang eggplant omelette, ay isang torta sa lutuing Filipino na gawa sa pagprito ng buong talong na isinawsaw sa pinaghalong itlog. Isa itong sikat na pang-almusal at pananghalian sa Pilipinas. Isang karaniwang baryante ng tortang talong ang relyenong talong, na pinalamanan ng karne, lamang dagat, at/o mga gulay. Minsan pinapaikli ang pangalan sa tortalong.
Sa saligang resipi ng tortang talong, iniihaw ang buong talong hanggang sa malambot ang laman at mukhang sunog at halos itim na ang balat. Maaari itong gawin sa parilya, baking pan, o sa ibabaw ng direktang apoy habang nakabalot ang talong sa palara (maaaring sa ibabaw ng gasera). Itong pag-iihaw ang nagbibigay ng lasang usok sa talong. Pagkatapos, binabalatan ang talong, ngunit iniiwan ang tangkay. Minamasa ang laman gamit ang tinidor at isinasawsaw ito sa timpla ng binating itlog na nirekaduhan ng asin at mga espesya ayon sa kagustuhan. Piniprito ang talong hanggang sa ginintuang kayumanggi at malutong ang balat, habang malambot at makrema pa rin ang loob.
Gata

Ang gata (wikang Ingles: coconut milk, coconut sauce) ay ang gatas ng buko. Hindi ito ang katas na tubig ng buko na nakukuha sa loob ng bao ng buko. Nakukuha ang gata sa pamamagitan ng paggadgad ng pinung-pino ng mga laman ng buko, pagkatapos ay pipisain ng mga palad hanggang sa makuha ang katas (ang gata). Makukuha rin ang gata sa pamamagitan ng aparatong panggiling (blender). Malimit na ginagamit ang gata sa pagluluto ng mga pagkaing ginatan o ginataan, maging bilang pamalit sa katas ng mani sa kari-kare.
Tinatawag ang unang katas na gata ng niyog na kakanggata. Nagmula ang salitang ito sa pagtatambal ng mga salitang kaka at gata. Ito ang hindi pa nababantuan o nalalagnawang gatang nakukuha sa laman ng niyog.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Kare-kare

Ang kare-kare (mula sa salitang "kari") ay isang lutuing Pilipino na nagtatampok ng malapot na sarsang mani. Sinasangkapan ito ng mga buntot, tuwalya, paa, at laman ng baka; mga pata, paa at laman ng baboy; at paminsan-minsan, ng lamanloob ng mga hayop. Dinaragdagan din ito ng mga gulay gaya ng talong, petsay o iba pang dahon, labanos, sitaw, at okra. Nagpapalasa sa sarsa ang mga binusang giniling na mani o mantikilyang mani, sibuyas, at bawang. Binibigyang-kulay ito ng atsuwete at maaaring laputan sa paglalagay ng giniling na bigas. Maaari ring gumawa ng kare-kare na gawa sa lamang dagat, tulad ng sugpo, pusit at tahong, o sa gulay lamang.
Kadalasang may bagoong kasama na pansawsawan. Paminsan-minsan, pinapaanghang ito ng sili o ginisang bagoong, at pinapatakan ng kalamansi. Mayroon ding mga baryante ng gawa sa kambing o (bihira) manok.
Daan-daang taon na ang kasaysayan ng kare-kare bilang pagkaing Pilipino. May apat na kwento ukol sa pinagmulan nito. Una, nanggaling daw ito mula sa Pampanga (ang probinsyang kilala bilang "kabisera ng lutuin sa Pilipinas"). Madalas may reputasyon ang mga Kampampangan na magluto sa kasiyahan ng kani-kanilang mga puso at makabuo ng napakasarap na pagkain. Pangalawa, nangaling ang sarsa mula sa mga galyeon ng Acapulco. Malawakang ibinabiyahe ang pangunahing sangkap nito, ang mani, sa mga barko gaya ng mais, na mula rin sa Imperyong Asteka at mula sa malayong lupain. Inihahain pa rin ngayon sa Jalisco at Guerrero, mga lalawigan sa Mehiko, ang lomo encacahuatado, na kahawig na kahawig sa kare-kare. Iba lang ang ginagamit na bahagi ng baboy— lomo sa Mehiko at buntot naman sa Pilipinas. Ipinapalagay na isang diminutibo ang "kare-kare" ng salitang cari na nangangahulugang "kulay tanso"— ito nga ang naging pantukoy ng mga Kastila at Portuges sa mga katutubo na nakita nila sa mga daungan. Ikatlo, nagmula raw ito sa mga pagkain ng mga kamaharlikaan ng mga Moro na nanirahan sa Maynila bago dumating ang mga Kastila (sikat pa rin ang kare-kare sa Sulu at Tawi-Tawi). Ikaapat, nanggaling daw ito sa mga Indiyanong sepoy mula sa Timugang Indiya na nagsipamayan sa Pilipinas noong pananakop ng mga Ingles sa Maynila. Sabik-makauwi, kumatha sila ng kanilang lutuin gamit ang mga makukuhang sangkap. Kari-kaari (kari) ang tawag nila rito, na naging kare-kare sa paglipas ng panahon. Reduplikasyon ang pangalan ng salitang kaṟi (Tamil: கறி, lit. 'kari; sarsang malapot').
Bagoong

Ang bagoong ay isang pagkaing Pilipino na gawa mula sa binurong maliliit na hipon, sugpo o isda. Karaniwan itong ginagamit na sawsawan para sa kare-kare at mangga. Mabibili itong nakadelata o nakabote.
Ang binagoong na isda na galing sa mga kapuluan ng Bisayas ay tinatawag na ginamos.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
New York (tipo ng titik)

Ang New York ay isang transisyunal na serif na pamilya ng tipo ng titik na dinisenyo noong 1983 ni Susan Kare para sa kompyuter na Macintosh, at muling binago noong 1988 nina Charles Bigelow at Kris Holmes. Ito ang pamantayang bitmap na serif na tipo ng titik para sa mga naunang operating system ng Macintosh. Orihinal na binigyan ng pamagat na “Ardmore”, pinalitan ang pangalan nito sa New York (na tumutukoy sa lungsod ng New York) bago ang inisyal na paglabas nito bilang bahagi ng iskimang pagpapangalan na "World Class Cities" (Uring Sanlibutan na mga Lungsod) na ginagamit ng kasamang tagapagtatag ng Apple Computer na si Steve Jobs.
Dinisenyo bilang isang tipong bitmap, nilabas sa kalaunan ang New York sa pormat na TrueType, bagaman iba ang disenyo nito mula sa bersyong bitmap.
Peanut stew

Peanut stew or groundnut stew, also known as maafe (Wolof, mafé, maffé, maffe), sauce d'arachide (French) or tigadèguèna is a stew that is a staple food in Western Africa. While maafe is a dish from Senegal, tigadéguéna originates from the Mandinka and Bambara people of Mali.
The proper name for it in the Mandinka language is domodah or tigadegena (lit. 'peanut butter sauce,' where tige is 'peanut,' dege is 'paste,' and na is 'sauce') in Bamanankan.
Domodah is a sauce also used by Gambians, whose name has been borrowed from the Mandinka language. In Senegal domodah or domoda refers to flour-thickened soup or stew, which is different from maafe that uses peanut paste. Senegalese maafe is a favorite dish among several Senegalese and Gambian ethnic groups; it has become the national dish in Mali as well as a popular dish across West Africa, even outside West Africa such as in Cameroon and France.
Variants of Senegalese maafe appear in the cuisine of nations throughout West Africa and Central Africa. It is very similar to groundnut soup. It may be prepared with lamb, beef, chicken, or without meat. In Ghana, this stew is usually eaten with fufu.
Recipes for the stew vary widely, but commonly include chicken, tomato, onion, garlic, cabbage, and leaf or root vegetables. Other versions include okra, corn, carrots, cinnamon, hot peppers, paprika, black pepper, turmeric, cumin, and other spices. Maafe is traditionally served with white rice (in Senegal, Mauritania, Guinea-Bissau and Gambia), fonio or to (millet dough) in Mali, tuwo or omo tuo (rice or millet dough) in Northern Nigeria, Niger, and Northern Ghana, couscous (as West Africa meets the Sahara, in Sahelian countries), or fufu and sweet potatoes in the more tropical areas, such as the Ivory Coast. Um'bido is a variation using greens, while Ghanaian maafe is cooked with boiled eggs. "Virginia peanut soup", a variation of Senegalese maafe even traveled with enslaved Africans to North America.
Maafe or mafé was improved from bassi guerte, a peanut butter sauce served with chere a Senegalese couscous on millet basis. Malian tigadèguèna and Senegalese maafe being in taste and consistency different. Unlike Malian tigadèguèna, which is traditionally more watery and prepared with unrefined shea butter, the type of maafe prepared and consumed in Senegal is a rice-based dish with a creamy peanut paste sauce, tomato, oil, meat, onion, garlic, vegetables and spices which give it a particular flavor. Senegalese maafe is not only the national dish in Mali and Gambia, it is also prepared in various countries in West Africa as well as outside the African continent. In The Gambia, it is called domodah.
Domoda is a type of groundnut stew found in The Gambia. Domoda is prepared using ground peanuts or peanut butter, meat, onion, tomato, garlic, seasonal vegetables and spices. It has been described as one of the national dishes of The Gambia. Domoda is typically served over rice, and is also sometimes served over findi, a grain that is similar to couscous in consistency.
Balbacua

Balbacua, also spelled balbakwa or balbakoa, is a Filipino beef stew made from beef, collagen-rich beef parts (oxtail, skin, and joints), and various spices cooked for several hours until very tender. It is typically served with white rice or misua or miki noodles. It originates from the Visayan regions of the Visayas and Mindanao islands.
The name balbacua is derived from the Latin American dish barbacoa (which is also the source of the English word "barbecue"), though they are very different dishes. While balbacua is a beef stew, barbacoa is instead meat roasted in a pit. The dish was probably named by the Spanish due to the similarity in the length of time in cooking and the tenderness of the meat.
Balbacua has numerous variations when it comes to the spices and secondary ingredients used. A common aspect of the dish, however, is the use of collagen-rich parts of beef, including oxtail, skin, knuckles, and other cartilaginous beef cuts in addition to regular beef cuts. These are cooked for around four to six hours until the meat is falling off the bones and is very tender. The collagen from the skin and cartilage thickens the soup into a gelatinous consistency.
Common spices used include garlic, onion, black or white pepper, labuyo chilis, ginger or turmeric, annatto (achuete) oil, star anise (sangke), fermented black beans (tausi), bay leaves, coconut vinegar (sukang tuba), lemongrass (tanglad), fish sauce (patis), leeks or scallions, soy sauce or salt, calamansi, and so on. Secondary ingredients are similarly variable, including pechay, ground peanuts, baked beans, tomatoes, and saba bananas. Based on the ingredients, balbacua has sometimes been described as being a cross between puchero and kare-kare dishes.
Balbacua is typically served with white rice or with misua or miki noodles (the latter variants are differentiated as balbacua con misua and balbacua con miki, respectively).
Mechado

Mechado is a braised beef dish originating from the Philippines inspired by the Mexican dish called Menudo which the Filipinos adopted during the colonial period. Soy sauce and calamansi fruits are key ingredients in the braising liquid.
The name mechado is derived from the Spanish verb mechar, meaning "to stuff" or, in this case, "to lard", i. e., inserting strips of fatback into the pieces of beef. The term was adopted as mitsa in accordance with Filipino orthographic conventions, though the spelling mitsado for the dish is unorthodox and rarely seen.
The traditional version of the dish is done by inserting strips of pork fatback into thick cuts of inexpensive beef (specifically the chuck) to provide both succulence and flavor. The larded beef is then marinated in soy sauce, calamansi, and black pepper. They are then quickly browned on all sides in hot oil and then braised in the marinade with the addition of beef broth, onions, and bay leaves until tender, the liquid reducing to a thick gravy. Fish sauce is often added during the braise as seasoning. The dish can be cooked in tomato sauce in a clay pot.
Over the years, the name of the dish has increasingly come to encompass variations that use thinner slices or even bony cuts of beef and that have dispensed with the larding process altogether. Newer variations of the dish resemble more like a beef stew. A popular incarnation of mechado features tomatoes predominantly in the braising liquid, as well as cuts of potatoes.
The Beef tongue can be similarly treated with little or no variation to produce another dish called lengua mechada.