davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Maíces ecuatorianos

Maíces ecuatorianos, sus variedades tradicionales constituyen un rico patrimonio de tradiciones agrícolas y alimenticias. En el Ecuador el maíz se cultiva en todo el país excluyendo los páramos y subpáramos o zonas de bosques andinos degradados (encima de los m 3,000 de altitud), con siembras concentradas en las provincias de Loja, Azuay y Pichincha, y en menor mesura en aquellas de Bolívar, Chimborazo, Tungurahua e Imbabura en la región interandina.
Este cultivo es presente en las provincias costaneras de Manabí, seguida por Esmeraldas y Guayas en la región litoral y en la provincia de Pastaza en la región amazónica.
El maíz habría cruzado el istmo de Panamá hace 5000 años a. C., entrando al territorio colombiano, para luego alcanzar la región litoral o costa ecuatoriana. Desde luego la domesticación y afinamiento / evolución de los variedades tradicionales de maíces ecuatorianos se han desarrollado como sigue:
El grano de maíz utilizado en la dieta ecuatoriana deriva de cultivos de variedades que pertenecen a los siguientes grupos varietales descritos por E. Lewis Sturtevant:​
Los alimentos tradicionales más destacados tienen relaciones estrictas con los diferentes tipos de grano de maíz y su manera tradicional de procesamiento de los granos. La preferencia para el grano cocido o tostado o el budín de grano no completamente maduro se refleja en la preferencia por los tipos harinosos:
La primera descripción de las variedades ecuatorianas remonta al cronista colonial padre Juan de Velasco:
Entre 1962 y 1963 Aureliano Brandolini recolectó 458 muestras de las poblaciones ecuatorianas de maíz, provenientes de la faja de latitudes 2° N - 6° S.​ El estudio del comportamiento de estas accesiones ha llevado a identificar numerosos complejos raciales que coinciden prácticamente con aquellos descritos anteriormente por Timothy y colaboradores.​ No ha sido posible identificar unas pocas razas (Morocho, Harinoso dentado, Montaña y Candela), mientras han sido integradas esta clasificación unas razas no descritas anteriormente, como Colorado puntiagudo, Harinoso cónico y Huaco sara, una variedad tunicata cultivada en la provincia de Bolívar.
La clasificación de los maíces ecuatorianos han considerado el lugar de origen (incluyendo la altitud y reacción fotoperiódica), las características morfológicas de la planta y de las mazorcas, el análisis citológico de los cromosomas e informaciones históricas y etnográfica sobre este cultivo.
Originariamente, se han distinguido las razas tripsacoides de los grupos everta, indurata e indentata, de las razas con caracteres de primitividad de los grupos indurata, amilacea, amylosaccharata y tunicata y las formas introducidas o derivadas en época histórica de los grupos indurata y amylacea. Entre los resultados de estos estudios destacan:
Sobre la base de estos estudios se han identificados los siguientes Complejos raciales y razas:​​
Entre las razas tradicionales de maíz originarias, derivadas e importadas todavía cultivadas destacan:
Maíz morado

El maíz morado es un conjunto de variedades de Zea mays que poseen un fruto (infrutescencia) de color morado. Crecen principalmente en los Andes de Perú, Bolivia, Colombia y Ecuador.​​​
Existen en Sudamérica diferentes variedades de maíz morado, todas derivadas de una línea más ancestral denominada k'culli (término quechua), y que aún es cultivada en Perú, Bolivia y Argentina. Su color se debe a las antocianinas, un pigmento hidrosoluble y natural que se encuentra también en el arándano, la cereza o la frambuesa.
El maíz morado se usa desde la época pre inca y ha sido representado en diferentes objetos cerámicos de la cultura Mochica que datan de hace más de 2,500 años.
En el Perú es muy popular la "chicha morada" y la "mazamorra morada" preparadas con este maíz.
El colorante que caracteriza es una antocianina que es el cianidin-3-b-glucosa, se encuentra tanto en los granos como en la coronta.
La producción peruana de maíz morado ha mostrado una franca recuperación a partir del 2003, creciendo a un promedio anual de 19,6% hasta 2006, totalizando las 10,6 mil TM. En 2006 las principales regiones productoras fueron Lima (24,2%), Arequipa (21,8%) y Cajamarca (20,6%).
En Costa Rica existen varios tipos de maíces morados, destacando especialmente el pujagua (del náhuatl: «puxauac», blando) y el maíz congo, ambos de consumo tradicional en la provincia de Guanacaste.​
En México se encuentra también maíz morado o púrpura, en varios tipos como el nal tel originario de Yucatán, que además puede conseguirse con granos de tono blanco o amarillo.​​ Sin embargo, según análisis filogenéticos recientes, las especies centroamericanas de maíz tienen una evolución diferente a las especies sudamericanas.​​​
.
Espumilla (Ecuador)

La espumilla es un merengue tradicional ecuatoriano y una popular comida callejera.​​ Posiblemente se remonta a 1907, según registros que mencionan su existencia.​ Está hecha con claras de huevo, azúcar y pulpa de fruta, a menudo de guayaba, y se bate frecuentemente a mano para lograr la textura adecuada.​ Se asemeja a un helado y se vende a menudo en conos de helado.​ Originaria del centro de Quito, ahora se vende en toda Ecuador, incluyendo escuelas, plazas y mercados de frutas.​ La espumilla puede variar en sabor y adornos, a veces se le agrega jarabe de mora ecuatoriano, conocido como arrope de mora.​ Los dos sabores más comunes en Ecuador son guayaba y mora, aunque también hay de plátano, fresas y naranjilla. Este postre representa una parte del patrimonio culinario ecuatoriano y es popular entre lugareños y turistas.​ También se encuentra en Venezuela, Guatemala y Nicaragua.​
Gastronomía de Aguascalientes

La gastronomía aguascalentense o hidrocálida se refiere a la tradición culinaria del estado de Aguascalientes, en el centro norte de México. Su cocina regional está muy influenciada por otras de la región de El Bajío, y también se encuentran muchos platillos típicos de la cocina jalisciense, como la birria, el pozole, el menudo, el puchero o la barbacoa.​
En la ciudad homónima capital pueden encontrarse una gran variedad de platillos. Son típicos los establecimientos conocidos como cenadurías, donde, como su nombre lo indica, se ofrecen antojitos para la hora de la comida. En estos lugares pueden encontrarse las tradicionales flautas, tacos dorados, las enchiladas muy típicas del estado, acompañadas con encurtidos de cerdo y verduras. También ofrecen tamales, atoles, tostadas, pozole, sopes y demás. Existe, también en la capital, el tradicional mercado Juárez, donde pueden encontrarse las mejores birrierías del estado. Es una tradición gastronómica que el menudo sea desayunado los sábados o domingos. Son también de gran difusión los tacos de colores, que lo son de guisados muy variados.
El municipio de Jesús María es famoso por sus gorditas chiqueadas, rellenas de guisos como chicharrón, tinga, moronga, frijoles, chile relleno, mole, arroz, etc. Se pueden encontrar puestos en los portales de su plaza principal.
El municipio de San Francisco de los Romo posee una gran tradición en la elaboración de carnitas, donde se puede encontrar buche, nana, costilla, chamorro, maciza, patitas, y demás delicias acompañadas de tortillas de comal y salsas como guacamole, pico de gallo, de tomatillo, etc.
En Calvillo son famosas sus preparaciones con la guayaba, al ser uno de los productos propios de la región. Se pueden encontrar ates, dulces, pasteles, mermeladas y licores de dicho fruto. Debido a la presencias de presas, son ya típicos los restaurantes de mariscos.
En la capital, si bien es habitual encontrar puestos de todo lo anterior, la joya de la corona es la "torta de albañil". Bolillo relleno con crema, cuerito y chile jalapeño curtido. En verdad un deleite al paladar por lo sencillo de su preparación pero complejo en sus sabores y texturas. La acidez del vinagre combinado con lo lechoso de la crema y azucarado del bolillo crea una sensación de bienestar en el alma de todo hidrocálido.
En cuanto a la panadería, Aguascalientes cuenta con una enorme tradición. El pan es un elemento muy presente a la hora del desayuno o de la comida, tanto dulce como salado. Son panes dulces típicos las cemitas, las sanjuaneras, los ladrillos, los puerquitos, los chamucos, las coronas (o cachuchas), las conchas, los calvitos, el bolillo (que los hay también de nata y de manteca), así como las gorditas de nata. Resaltan los condoches, que son elaborados en hornos de barro o piedra a la leña.
Máchica

Máchica (Quechua: machka) is a type of flour made from ground toasted barley or other toasted grains. It is used in Bolivian, Ecuadorian and Peruvian cuisine.
Spanish colonists brought the technique of toasting grain to enhance its nutritional value, then grinding the toasted grain into flour, from Central America to the Andean region. The Mesoamerican product, pinole, uses toasted corn, but in Ecuador the process was applied primarily to barley.
Grain is toasted, then ground finely.
Máchica is used in a variety of foods that are part of Andean cuisine. These include chapo, an herbal tea decoction made with lemongrass, lemon verbena or other herbs; another beverage called colada de máchica made by mixing the máchica with hot or cold liquid; nogadas, a nougat confection made using panela (unrefined cane sugar), eggs, máchica and a variety of walnut called toctes; pan de máchica, a variety of bread baked using máchica in addition to untoasted flour; pinol—akin to but distinct from pinole—a beverage prepared in a manner similar to colada de máchica but which also includes ground panela and spices such as anise, cinnamon and cloves; sopa con máchica, any of a variety of savory soups or stews thickened with máchica; and torta de máchica, a cake baked with máchica. Soups to which máchica is added typically have a base of carrots, legumes, onions and potatoes, and may or may not contain meat. It is used to batter and season meat to be fried, such as pork rinds or shellfish including shrimp. Máchica is sometimes also added to hot chocolate or cold juice, and has been used to flavor ice cream. It is incorporated into stroopwafels (a cookie which originated in the Netherlands) made in Peru and filled with other Andean ingredients such as passion fruit and chicha. Some indigenous peoples use máchica to prepare cuy, a traditional meat.
One hundred grams of máchica made from barley contains 344 calories (kcal), 8.6 grams protein, 0.7 g fat, 77.4 grams carbohydrates, 6.6 g fiber, 74 mg calcium, 320 mg phosphorus, 12.3 mg iron, 0.12 mg vitamin B1, 0.25 mg vitamin B2, 8.7 mg niacin, and 1.9 mg vitamin C. For máchica made from wheat, 100 grams contain 347 calories, 7.9 g protein, 1.2 g fat, 79.9 g carbohydrates, 4.1 g fiber, 67 mg calcium, 0.9 mg iron, and 2.7 mg vitamin C.
In Peru, the product sold as máchica is most often made of toasted corn flour. It is mixed with sugar and cinnamon in a manner similar to both Central American pinole and Ecuadorian pinol. Máchica may also refer to flour made with ground toasted wheat, a variation also found in Peru, as well as in Bolivia, where it is the most common type of máchica.
Ecuador maize varieties

The varieties of Ecuadorian maize are the repository of a rich farming and cooking tradition.
Maize is cropped almost everywhere in Ecuador, with the exception of the Altiplano, the cold desert highlands 3000 meters above sea level. Maize production is concentrated in the provinces of Loja, Azuay, and Pichincha, and to a lesser extent Bolívar, Chimborazo, Tungurahua, and Imbabura, provinces located in the mountains. Maize is also found in the coastal provinces, Manabí, Esmeraldas, and Guayas, as well as Pastaza, part of the Ecuadorian Amazon.
Most traditional foods are strictly linked to specific maize kernel types as well as grinding and cooking techniques. Cooked or toasted grains, and puddings of partially ripe grains, are prepared with mostly floury kernel varieties;
Maize is believed to have crossed the Isthmus of Panama around 5,000 years BCE reaching Colombia and later the Ecuadorian coast. Since then, domestication and evolution of native varieties followed this pattern;
The first description of Ecuadorian maize varieties was written by the colonial chronicler Father Juan de Velasco (1727–1792);
Kernels of maize varieties eaten in Ecuador are the outcome of the evolution of varieties of the following morphological groups described by Alfred Sturtevant;
During 1962 and 1963 Aureliano Brandolini collected 458 seed samples of the Ecuadorian varieties within the equatorial zone, between 2° North and -6° South. The comparative study of the behavior of these accessions resulted in the identification of racial complexes corresponding to those described earlier by D.H. Timothy and collaborators. A few races, morocho, harinoso dentado, montaña, and candela, were not included in the sampled varieties, while a few new races were described, such as colorado puntiagudo, harinoso cónico, and huaco sara, as well as tunicata, a variety cropped in Bolívar Province.
The classification of Ecuadorian maize was based on the following data; location and environment (altitude and photoperiodic response included), plant and ear characteristics, cytological analysis of the chromosomes, and historic and ethnographic information concerning the crop.
The tripsacoid races of everta, indentata, and indurata, sections were separated from the primitive ones of the amilacea, amylosaccharata, indurata, and tunicata sections, and from maize imported or derived in historical times from the amylacea and indurata sections.
This study underlined that:
Studies enabled the identification of the following racial complexes and races:
Important primitive, derived or imported traditional varieties still cropped are:
Colada morada

Colada Morada is a drink that is part of Ecuador's gastronomic culture along with t'anta wawa bread dolls. It is a purple and thick liquid that is prepared with typical fruits of Ecuador, spices and corn flour.
This drink is traditionally consumed on November 2, a holiday called All Souls' Day or Day of the Dead, along with the so-called t'anta wawa (bread usually of non-ordinary flavor and various fillings that has the shape of a doll, hence the name) which are representations of the dead wrapped in a blanket.
The origin of this drink dates back to pre-Columbian times, where the ancestral peoples related to harvest and planting as synonyms of life and death. Indigenous people from the Ecuadorian mountain range celebrated the rainy season and in turn worshipped their relatives who had died. Being the Colada Morada as a symbol of a happy journey from life to death. For the same reason, they exhumed their dead and shared with them this traditional drink. As a great example in which they celebrated with the colada morada based on the blood of the llamas is the Quitu-Cara culture.
After being colonized by the Spaniards, the tradition was adopted by them and they transformed it into a religious offering, also with their arrival, they brought products like wheat, with this product as a base, they created the t'anta wawa that we now know, and they supplanted the zapallo tortillas cooked in the pot, which was what the Indians commonly ate in this celebration.
Although the tradition is to eat it on the day of the dead, its consumption is usually marketed in the month of October and November.
Colada Morada is mainly prepared with purple corn flour, which gives it its thick consistency and accentuates the color of the name to that drink. Some people, instead of corn flour, use corn starch, fruits such as naranjilla, pineapple, strawberry, babaco, guava, blackberry or mortiño (wild blueberry from the Andean paramo). It also carries a number of aromatic herbs and barks, such as cinnamon, cloves, ishpingo, sweet pepper, orange leaf, lemongrass, lemon verbena, etc. And to sweeten sugar or panela is used.
Quevedo, Ecuador

Quevedo is a city in Ecuador located in the Los Ríos Province. It is the seat of Quevedo Canton, a vibrant community founded in 1943. According to the latest census, Quevedo's population is 177,792. Located at 237 km SW of Quito (Ecuador's capital), or, 183 km NE of Guayaquil (Ecuador's main port). Quevedo is one of the fastest-growing cities in Ecuador and it is mainly known for its agricultural tradition. Quevedo's agroindustrial complex is one of the leading exporters in the world of banana, cacao, passion fruit and coffee bean. In recent years non-agricultural activities have experienced significant progress mainly in the financial and educational sectors.
Though set inland, Quevedo's geographic location makes it an important logistics link between the Pacific coastal area's main population centers like Guayaquil, Santo Domingo and Manta and cities in the Andes highlands such as Ambato and Quito. Because of its location west of the Andes mountains and right next to the Vinces River (a major waterway and tributary to the Pacific Ocean), the city is vulnerable to flooding.
Quevedo is one of the most important agricultural centers of Ecuador and is the geographical point where all major roads (including the Pan-American highway) in the region intersect. The area surrounding Quevedo mainly produce bananas, corn, rice, and soybeans. The alluvial soils in the region generate excellent harvests year-round. Many banana producers complement their banana plantations with fields that produce corn, soy and rice in the wet season. In the city, this produce is often industrialized into super-market ready products, such as instant-meals, pre-packaged products, noodles and other traditionally Asian foods. In recent years, Quevedo agro-industrial complex has added value to its output by developing a strong presence in the organic product's niche both locally and overseas.
Quevedo has a tropical wet climate, which, coupled with rich volcanic soils, produces excellent conditions for agriculture.
UTEQ, Universidad Tecnica Estatal de Quevedo, is well known in Ecuador for its program in Agricultural sciences.
Club Deportivo Quevedo is the local football team which has played in the Ecuadorian top division.
Mostly populated by the mestizo ethnic group; Quevedo is also known for its prominent Chinese immigrant population and has even been called the "Chinatown of Ecuador". This gives it a distinct reputation and cultural feeling in relation to other Ecuadorian cities. Quevedo is also the center of the "montubio" folklore, a sub-culture that emanates from the customs of the early settlers of the region, who lived in the "monte", a word that describes the agricultural fields.
The city celebrates its foundation on October 7.
Quevedo travel guide from Wikivoyage
Venezuelan cuisine

Venezuelan cuisine is influenced by its European (Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and French), West African, and indigenous traditions. Venezuelan cuisine varies greatly from one region to another. Food staples include corn, rice, plantains, yams, beans and several meats.
Potatoes, tomatoes, onions, eggplants, squashes, spinach and zucchini are also common side dishes in the Venezuelan diet. Ají dulce and papelón are found in most recipes. Worcestershire sauce is also used frequently in stews. Venezuela is also known for having a large variety of white cheese (queso blanco), usually named by geographical region.
Queso blanco is very popular in Venezuela. It is produced all over Venezuela with different flavors and textures. The name of each variety of cheese is usually related to the geographical region.
List of Jamaican dishes and foods

This is a list of Jamaican dishes and foods. Jamaican cuisine includes a mixture of cooking techniques, ingredients, flavours, spices and influences from the Taínos, Jamaica's indigenous people, the Spanish, Portuguese, French, Scottish, Irish, English, African, Indian, Chinese and Middle Eastern people, who have inhabited the island. It is also influenced by indigenous crops, as well as, crops and livestock introduced to the island from Mesoamerica, Europe, tropical West Africa and Southeast Asia— which are now grown locally. Though Jamaican cuisine includes distinct dishes from the different cultures brought to the island, many Jamaican dishes are fusions of techniques, ingredients and traditions. A wide variety of seafood, tropical fruits, and meats are available.
Soups play an important role in the Jamaican diet, not only as appetizers, but also as main lunch and dinner dishes, because they are hearty and filling. Jamaican soups consist of tubers/staples (such as yam, sweet potato, white potato, breadfruit, Jamaican boiled dumplings or dasheen), vegetables (such as carrot, okra and cho-cho/chayote), corn, pumpkin and meat. In Jamaica, soups are often prepared on Saturdays for dinner, but they may be eaten throughout the week or at special events. They are usually consumed alone, but may be served with hard dough bread or Jamaican water crackers. Soups are almost always served piping hot.
Most Jamaicans begin the morning with a hot drink, either alone, with Jamaican tough water crackers, bread or along with a breakfast dish.
Juices often include local fruits such as pineapple, Otaheite apple, June plum (Tahitian apple), acerola cherry, mango and guava, or a combination of fruits to make medleys such as guava-carrot, pineapple-cherry and fruit punch. Most homemade Jamaican fruit juices usually contain a little ginger and / or lime.
Corn sheller

A corn sheller is a hand-held device or a piece of machinery to shell corn kernels off the cob for feeding to livestock or for other uses.
The modern corn sheller is commonly attributed to Lester E. Denison from Middlesex County, Connecticut. Denison was issued a patent on August 12, 1839, for a freestanding, hand-operated machine that removed individual kernels of corn by pulling the cob through a series of metal-toothed cylinders which stripped the kernels off the cob. Soon after, other patents were granted for similar machines, sometimes having improvements over Denison's original design.
The operation of a corn sheller is similar to a threshing machine, but with some differences to deal with larger grain size and other differences of corn compared to wheat and other crops. Corn shellers can be powered by a hand crank, a tractor, a stationary engine, or by an electric motor. Whole corn cobs are fed in. They are pulled between two toothed wheels, usually made of metal. Each wheel spins the opposite direction of the other. The teeth pull the kernels off the cob until there are no kernels left. The kernels fall out through a screen into a container (such as a bucket) placed underneath the machine. The cob is then ejected out, since it cannot pass through the screen. Some models have a "walker", similar to a threshing machine or combine, to take the cobs out.
Corn picker

A corn picker is an agricultural machine used to harvest corn leaving the whole ear intact rather than shelling the kernels off like a conventional combine.
The first corn picker was produced in 1909. New Idea introduced the first commercially successful corn sheller and husker in 1928. Massey Harris began manufacturing self propelled corn pickers in 1946.
Corn pickers began suffering an extreme loss in sales after a corn head was developed for combines in 1956.
Dolanan tradisional

Dolanan tradhisional ya iku dolanan sing dilakokaké nganggo prinsip utaman norma lan adat-istiadat sing wis ana kanthi turun-tumurun. Artiné cara dolanan lan tembang sing kanggo ngiringi dolanan saka mbiyèn tekan saiki isih tetep padha, manawa ana owah-owahan amung bates ing piranti utawa piranti sing digawé lan dipadaké ing jaman saiki. Perkara sing mangkono iki esih bisa ditemoni ing kacamatan Ngawèn, kabupatèn Klathèn, Jawa Tengah, taun 2002 mbiyèn.Dolanan tradhisional iki, duwé fungsi kang apik lan migunani kanggo perkembangan fisik lan méntal. Saka segi fisik dolanan tradhisional dianggep pakaryan kang majibaké pemainé kudu lumayu lan saka prakara iki fungsiné bisa nguataké otot-otot sikil utawa tangan. Kanthi mangkono iku bisa macu pertumbuhan fisik anak sing dolanan. Tuladhané dolanan sing nggunakaké kakuwatan fisik ya iku béténgan, gobag sodor, kucingan, geblèkan lan liya-liya manèh. Ing dolanan mau juru main kudu lumayu lan oyak-oyakan. Saliyané iku ana sing ora migunakaké kakuwatan fisik nanging luwih nekanaké ing olah pikir tuladhané kemampuan basa, ngitung, gawé siasat, ngatasi ambatan, lan nglatih daya éling. Tuladhané dolanan sing nekanaké ing olah pikir ya iku dhakon, pasaran, macanan, dham-dhaman, lan endhog-endhogan.
Sayangé, kabéh mau ing éra modérn saiki dolanan tradhisional wis wiwit kagésèr lan diganténi karo dolanan modérn. Dolanan tradhisional wis jarang didolanaké bocah cilik-cilik. Perkara iku mau amargané anané prabawa kabudayan modérn, lingkungan sing wis malik lan iklim kanggo dolanan sing ora kondusif. Kamangka miturut [buku 1 Soemarso, dolanan tradhisional nglungguhi posisi sing wigati ing kauripané masarakat lan uga sumber daya sing cukup gedhé, saliyané iku kanggo nanemaké sikap lan ketrampilan, kanggo wadhah hiburan utawa nyaluraké kréativitas ing wektu luang lan kanggo sarana sosialisasi.
Ancak-Ancak Alis

Ancak-Ancak Alis ya iku salah siji jeneng dolanan. Manawi didelok saka jenenge, dolanan iki ora ana hubungane karo jenenge. Ancak punika nama salah siji perlengkapan sesaji kang digawé saka anyaman pring, banjur diwènèhi pinggiran pelepah gedhang. Manawi alis, didelok saka tembang kang dinyayekake nduwenu arti kebo. Dolanan iki bisa dilakokake wayah ésuk, awan, sore, lan wengi ing wayah bulan purnama. Dolanan iku nggambaraké uripé wong tani, dadi bocah-bocah cilik akèh kang seneng. Taun 1930an dolanan ancak-ancak alis wis akèh sing ngerteni lan ora asing kanggone warga Yogyakarta. Dolanan iki ora mbedakake antara lanang lan wadon, alias bisa dilakokake sapa waé lan ora ana batesan umur. Dolanan iki arang-arang dilakokake amarga wonten dolanan anyar ingkang dibekto penjajah jepang jenenge ular naga. dolanan ular naga punika memper banget kaliyan ancak-ancak alis nangin pambedane iku lagu kanggo ngiringi dolanan iki basane basa indonesia. Dolanan iki asring dadekake dolanan sabendina bocah-bocah, tanpa kudu nggolèk piranti kang kanggo dolanan.
jaman mbiyèn punika, sederengipun kemerdekaan bangsa Indonesia, dolanan kang diiringi kaliyan lagu-lagu dolanan iki kondhang ingkang berbagai wewengkon pedésaan ning masarakat pertanian Jawa. Dolanan punika didolanake kaliyan bocah jaler lan èstri katahipun sekolah dhasar. nanging bocah-bocah kang langkung énggal jaman mbiyèn taksih remen dolanan punika. Mbengi terang rembulan dados waktu favorit bocah-bocah kanggo dolanan, apa manèh pas dinten libur sekolah. ning sekolah, bocah-bocah dolanan iki ana ing waktu jam istirahat.
Wong loro ingkang dados babon semang lajeng balapan nggoleki anak semang sakakeh-akèhé nganggo cara nekoi kabèh anak semang ingkang dijaring. Nalika babon semang A, manawi sampun éntuk anak semang langkung kathah saka babon semang B, nanging babon semang B derang sadhar akan kekalahane, lajeng saged nantang babon semang A kaliyan bocah-bocahipun lan bocah semangnya nganggo ngadu kakuwatan, nalika lomba tarik tambang. manawi ingkang tarik tambang punika, babon semang B lan bocah-bocahe menang, lajeng kelompok iki dianggap dadi pemenang saka dolanan ancak-ancak alis. Béntuk tantangane bermacam-macam, saged tarik tambang kados wau, utawi wujud sakliyanipun, contoné balapan lumayu, adu panco, lan sakliyanipun. Nanging kabehane mau kudu disepakati rumiyin, sederengipun dolanan ancak-ancak alis berlangsung.
Sair ancak-ancak alis iku ana warna-warna tuladhané:
Dreidel

A dreidel utawa dreidle ( /ˈdreɪdəl/ DRAY-dəl ; Yiddish , jamak: dreydlekh ; Ivri: סביבון‎
Masalah sitiran: Tenger <ref> ana tumrap golongan aran "lower-alpha", nanging tenger <references group="lower-alpha"/> sing magepokan ora ana, utawa </ref> panutup ora ana
Jambéan

Jambéan utawa misuwur ing basa Indonésia karan Panjat Pinang ya iku salah sijiné dolanan tradhisional saha misuwung ing mangsa dina dadi Dina kamardhikan Indonésia, Sedekah Bumi lan Larung.
Wit pinang utawa jambe kang duwé ndhuwur kang mumpuni banjur diweni oli. Ing Bagean wit jambe iku di pasang aneka warna bebungah.. Lan para paserta lelombhan kudu wisa ngayoh kanthi cara angrik utawa disunggi lan menek wit jambe.
Jambean utawa panjat pinang asal usulé saka jaman penjajah Walanda.lelombhan jambean uga dianakake wiwit jaman Walanda ing acara mantenan kanthi kang mèlu wong pribumi. Bebungah kang bisa direbut ing lelombhan jambean ing mangsa Walanda kaya ta bahan utawa panganan (keju, gula, saha rasukan.Tata cara mainé kawit biyèn nganti seprene ora arubah.
Olahan Swèdhen

Masakan Swèdhen minangka panganan tradisional wong Swèdhen . Amarga jembaré Swèdhen sisih Lor-kidul sing gedhe, ana bedane regional antarane masakan Swèdhen Lor lan Kidul.
Historis, ing sisih lor adoh, daging kaya ta reindeerkuva, lan liyane (koma) game pasugatan padha dipangan, sawetara kang duwe werna ing budaya Sami, nalika seger sayuran wis diputer peran gedhe ing Kidul. Akeh panganan tradisional nggunakake rasa sing beda lan kontras, kaya ta sajian tradisional bakso lan saos krim coklat kanthi tart, selai lingonberry sing tajam (rasane padha karo saus cranberry).
Olahan Hungari

Masakan Honggari utawa Magyar minangka ciri khas masakan khas negara Honggari lan etnis utamane, Magyar . Masakan tradisional Honggari utamane adhedhasar daging, sayuran musiman, woh-wohan, roti, produk susu lan keju.
Masakan Honggari umume bawana Eropa Tengah, kanthi sawetara elemen saka Eropa Wétan kayata panggunaan popia, lan popularitas kefir lan quark . Paprika asring digandhengake karo Honggari lan digunakake ing pirang-pirang sajian. Panganan khas Honggari abot kanggo panganan susu, keju lan daging, padha karo panganan tetanggan Ceko, Polen, lan Slowak . Ayam, daging babi lan daging sapi umume, dene daging kalkun, bebek, domba, iwak lan daging game biasane dipangan ing acara khusus. Honggari uga misuwur amarga salamis lan sosis sing murah, utamane saka daging babi, nanging uga unggas, daging sapi lan liya-liyane.
Grünkohlessen

Grünkohlessen ( Danish , Walanda: Boerenkool ) minangka adat istiadat musim salju lawas ing Jerman Lor, lan bagean-bagean saka Skandinavia ( Dhènemarken lan Scania ), kalebu ngombe, dolanan, lan pesta panganan daerah, biasane ngemot kale, kentang, lan sosis . Iki ditindakake ing Kutha Bremen Hanseatic Gratis lan distrik Osterholz, Diepholz, Verden lan Rotenburg, ing Oldenburg Land, County Bentheim, Emsland, Osnabrück Land lan Frisia Timur, ing Wilayah Weser Tengah, lan uga ing Hamburg, Cuxhaven, ing Wilayah Hanover, Brunswick Land, ing wilayah Magdeburg, ing Westphalia lan Schleswig-Holstein .
Grünkohl (padha karo Braunkohl lan boerenkool Walanda nanging nganggo kriting kranjang tinimbang kubis, lan krim) ya iku kale godhong kriting, jinis kubis, kanthi cara tradisional dipanen sawise es musim gugur kaping pisanan. Panen kale pungkasan nggawe konstituen rasa pait ilang, sanajan varietas kale modern umume kurang komponen pahit lan dipaneni wiwit wulan September.
Peserta ing Kohlfahrt ("Gobis lumaku") lumaku-lumaku liwat deso menyang pub desa, biasane ing pertengahan musim salju. Asring lumaku-lumaku iki ana gandhengane karo game lintas negara kayata Boßeln lan liya-liyane. Minangka benteng tumrap cuaca sing adhem lan kanggo nyiapake panganan sing enak, suplai omben-omben sing akeh banget, kayata korn, utawa kanggo pelaut, sherry, dijupuk ing troli utawa kreta, sing diwenehake minangka bagean saka game utawa ing titik ing sadawane dalan (kayata, ing prapatan utawa pil ). Ing pub desa, para walker sing nyenengake disedhiyakake karo Grünkohl lan, gumantung ing wilayah kasebut, nganggo kentang panggang utawa kentang rebus lan Kassler, Bregenwurst, Pinkel utawa Kohlwurst . Kajaba iku, ana uga sing ngombe ( bir, Korn ) sing ditrapake kanggo mbantu pencernaan. Ing pirang-pirang wilayah uga ana musik lan nari sawise mangan.
Allamanda cathartica

Allamanda cathartica ya iku tuwuhan hias kang racaké diarani kembang alamanda lan lan uga kerep diarani kembang trompet emas, kembang lonceng kuning, utawa kembang buttercup. Kembang alamanda asalé saka laladan Amérika Tengah lan KIdul lan akèh tinemu ing Brazil. Ing kono kembang iki kerep digunakaké minangka rerenggan amarga wujudé éndah.
Tuwuhan alamanda éwoning perdu kayu kang dhuwure ngancik 2 mèter. Tuwuhan iki asipat evergreen (tansah ijo saben taune). Gagange kang wis tuwa wernane coklat amarga wektu iku mbentuk kayu, déné tunas enome warna ijo. Kembang alamanda wernane kuning lan wujudé kaya trompet kanthi diameter 5-7.5 cm. Tuwuhan iki duwé kembang kang ambune wangi.
Alamanda lumrahé urip ing jejere kali utawa ing panggoan kang kena sinare srengéngé lan kena banyu udan kang cukup. Tnduran iki ora bisa urip ing lemah kang ngndhut uyah lan tuwuhan iki uga ora tahan suhu cendhèk. Suhu -1 °C bisa matèni tuwuhan mau amarga tandura iki sensitif banget marang suhu atis.
Alamanda bisa urip apik lan ngasilaké kembang ing intensitas srengéngé tanpa alangan. Yèn diwènèhi alangan, kembange bisa mudhun. Tuwuhan iki urip kanthi apik nalika ana ing lemah pasir kaya ta, akèh bahan organike, lan aerasi kanthi apik uga. Surasane, alamanda ya iku tuwuhan kang gampang urip ing kondisi kang cocog mula ing pirang-pirang laladan uga diarani gulma.
Iklim kang cocog kanggo pertumbuhan alamanda ya iku laladan kanthi iklim tropis. Pada laladan kanthi iklim tropis, alamanda bisa urip ing lingkungan kang mlakune lumayan rikat. Di habitat Asline, alamanda urip ing ketinggian 0-700 mèter saka laut (dpl) kanthi curah udan 1000 nganti 2800 mm saben taun. Karena modote kang rikat, alamanda racaké kanggo ornamen kanggo rerenggan pager lan témbok.
Tanaman alamanda berbunga sepanjang taun di banyak habitat. Tanaman ini dapat berkembangbiak dengan biji, namun perbanyakan yang umum dilakukan ya iku dengan stek batang. Hal ini disebabkan, beberapa varietas hibrida sulit memunculkan kapsul biji. Alamanda tergolong tanaman yang tumbuhnya cepat sehingga harus sok dilakukan pemangkasan untuk menjaga penampilannya.
Kembang alamanda duwé pirang-pirang fungsi medis, salah sijiné ya iku diengo minangka laksatif. Dhadhak tuwuhan iki duwé sipat antibakteri. Kembang alamanda uga duwé sipat antibiotik tumrap bakteri Staphylococcus. Kembange tuwuhan iki dimanfaatake minangka obat kanggo nyegah komplikasi saka malaria lan abohe limpa. Saliyané iku, oyote bisa minangka nyegah lelara kuning.
Ottawa

Ottawa ya iku kutha krajan Kanada lan minagka kutha gedhé dhéwé kapapat nagara mau. Kutha ini mapan ing Lembah Ottawa pérangan étan provinsi Ontario, ing wates lor Quebec City-Windsor Corridor. Populasi kutha iki ya iku 808.391, lan populasi wewengkon Ottawa ya iku 1.146.790 (2004). Wali kuthané ya iku Bob Chiarelli.
Minangka kutha krajan, Ottawa duwé akèh national landmark kaya ta Parliament Hill, gedung papréntahan sentral Kanada sing niru Houses of Parliament ing Inggris; National Gallery of Canada, Royal Canadian Mint ing kunu duit Kanada dicéthak (lan cabang liyané ing Winnipeg); Rideau Canal, lan liyané. Salah siji trademark Ottawa sing liyané ya iku Scotiabank Place, stadion hoki es kanggo tim NHL utawa National Hockey League, Ottawa Senators.
Ottawa mapan ing pinggir kidul Kali Ottawa, lan ngisi pérangan wewengkon Kali Rideau lan Rideau Canal. Pérangan tuwa kutha (kalebu sing sisa saka Bytown) dikenal minangka Lower Town, lan mapan ing area antarané kanal lan kali. Ing sebrang kanal tumuju kulon ana Centretown lan Downtown Ottawa, sing pusat kutha keuangan lan komersial. Ing tanggal 29 Juni 2007, Rideau Canal, sing mbentang 202 km (126 mi) tumuju Kingston, Fort Henry lan papat menara Martello ing laladan Kingston diakoni minangka Situs Warisan Donya UNESCO.
Wektu iki, Ottawa dadi tuan rumah saka 130 kedutaan. Salah sijining lanjutan 49 nagara mènèhi biji kedutaan lan misi ing Amérikah Sarékat kanggo Kanada.
David Hume

David Hume (7 Mei NS [26 April OS] 1711 – 25 Agustus 1776) punika filsuf, ekonom, pustakawan, sarta panyerat esai jaman Pencerahan saking Skotlandia, ingkang samenika kawengku kalih sistem empirisme filosofis, skeptisisme, sarta naturalisme ingkang kiyat pangaribawanipun. Wiwit bukunipun A Treatise of Human Nature (1739–40), Hume ngupayakaken kados dene ngasilaken saintifikasi alamiah bab manungsa ingkang nliti dhasaring psikologis bab kadaharan manungsa. Hume nglajengaken John Locke kanthi nolak kawontenanipun gagasan kodrati, mungkasi bilih sedaya kawruh manungsa namung saking pengalaman. Menika njawahaken panjenenganipun kaliyan Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, sarta George Berkeley minangka empiris.
Hume ngandharaken bilih penalaran induktif sarta kapitadosan dhateng kausalitas boten saged dipunjustifikasi kanthi rasional; nanging kemawon asiling kulina sarta kebiasaan mental. Kita boten nate sayektos ngalami satunggaling prastawa ingkang nyababaken prastawa sanes ananging namung ngalami "sambetan ingkang tetep" antawisipun prastawa-prastawa. Menika prakawis induksi tegesipun bilih kangge mendhet dudutan kausalitas saking pengalaman ingkang sampun kalampahan, prelu dipunandharaken bilih ingkang badhe kelakon badhe kemawon kados ingkang sampun kalampahan, pra-anggapan metafisik ingkang piyambak boten saged dipundhusungi saking pengalaman ingkang sampun kalampahan.
Minangka mengsah kaum rasionalis filosofis, Hume ngandharaken bilih emosi langkung ngrisak tinimbang nalar ingkang ngatur tumindak manungsa, ingkang kiyat dipunwastani bilih "Nalar punika, sarta kedahipun namung dados abdi kangge emosi." Hume ugi sentimentalis ingkang ngandharaken bilih etika dipundhusungi saking raos saha emosi langkung tinimbang prinsip moral ingkang abstrak. Panjenenganipun nglestantunaken prasetya jangka dangunipun dhateng andharan naturalistik bab fenomena moral sarta biasanipun dipuntampi dening para ahli sajarah filsafat Eropah minangka ingkang rumiyin kaaliten ngandharaken prakawis utama-punapa ingkang sampun kedah dipuntindakaken.
Hume nolak bilih manusia gadhah pangertosan ingkang sayektos bab awakipun piyambak, ngandharaken bilih kita namung ngalami paketan sensasi, sarta bilih awakipun piyambak boten langkung saking paketan paningalan ingkang dipunsambung dening asosiasi gagasan. Teori Hume bab kaliyan bebas ingkang kompatibelisme ngandharaken bilih determinisme kausal jumbuh kaliyan kamardikan manusia. Filsafat agamahipun, kalebet panolakan dhateng mukjijat, sarta argumen rancangan kangge kawontenaning Tuhan, langkung kontroversi kangge jamanipun.
Hume nilaraken warisan ingkang pangaribawanipun dhumateng utilitarianisme, positivisme logis, filsafat ilmu, filsafat analitik jaman awaling, ilmu kognitif, teologi, sarta lapangan sarta panganggit sanèsipun. Immanuel Kant ngukuhi bilih Hume minangka sumber inspirasi ingkang sampun ngunggahaken panjenenganipun saking "sare dogmatis."
Piala Indonesia 2010

Piala AFF 2010 minangka edisi kalima Piala Indonesia, turnamen Piala Sepakbola Nasional ing Indonesia, nglibatake klub profésional saka Liga Super Indonésia, Divisi Utama lan Divisi Pertama. Sriwijaya FC minangka juara bertahan turnamen. Pemenang turnamen bisa lolos kanggo kualifikasi Liga Champions AFC 2011. RCTI diangkat dadi penyiar TV resmi kanggo turnamen iki.
Sriwijaya FC dadi juara kanggo taun kaping telu sakwise menang 2-1 nglawan Arema Indonesia ing pertandhingan final ing Stadion Manahan, Solo.
Saben klub diijini ora bisa muter ora luwih saka telung juru main asing ing saben pertandhingan.
Main ing Palembang.
Main ing Lamongan lan Gresik.
main ing Karawang.
Main ing Kediri lan Blitar.
Main ing Malang.
Main ing Surabaya.
Main ing Samarinda.
Main ing Jayapura.
Note: PSM Makassar advanced to the next round as group runner-up based on their head-to-head against Persiwa Wamena.
Ing babak 16, tim sing luwih maju saka tahap grup dibagi dadi 4 golongan. Saben grup diputer ing kutha spesifik (Grup 9 ing Palembang, Grup 10 ing Surabaya, Grup 11 ing Malang, lan Grup 12 ing Jayapura).
The Teams will be played in Palembang and Solo
The Teams will be played in Surabaya
The Teams will be played in Malang
The Teams will be played in Jayapura
Saben dasawarsa ing tahap kalah mati, adoh saka final, diputer liwat rong sikil, kanthi saben tim muter siji ing ngarep. Tim sing nduweni skor agregat sing luwih dhuwur tinimbang sikil loro maju menyang babak sabanjuré. Bentenane gol ya iku tiebreaker pisanan sing digunakake kanggo tim pangkat sing rampung kanthi jumlah poin sing padha. Yen skor agregat rampung tingkat lan gol béda padha, banjur tim sing nyetak gol liyané adoh saka ngarep liwat rong sikil maju. Yen gol adoh uga padha, 30 menit wektu ekstra dimainake. Yen ana gol ing waktu ekstra lan skor agregat isih tingkat, tim nggoleki kualifikasi kanthi gol luwih akèh gol. Yen ora ana gol sing dicetak sajrone wektu ekstra, ana pidana pidana sawisé wektu ekstra.
Ing babak kanggo babak perempat final, tim dicithak. Ora ana seedings, lan tim saka grup padha bisa ditarik. Pemenang papat golongan kasebut ditawan karo papat runner-up.
Kabeh WIB
----
----
Persipura Jayapura win 7-1 on aggregate.
----
----
Sriwijaya FC won 2-1 on aggregate.
----
----
Persik Kediri won 5-4 on aggregate.
----
----
Arema Indonesia won 3-2 on aggregate.
----
----
----
----
Cristian Gonzalez won the Top Scorer Award with 10 goals.
Nokia 6310i

Nokia 6310i yaiku tilpun sélulèr kang diprodhuksi déning pabrikan Nokia. Sèri iki kawanuhaké ing taun 2002, wis ora diprodhuksi manèh lan duwé ukuran 129 x 47 x 17–21 mm déné boboté 111 gram. Layaré Backlit full graphics kanthi résolusi 96 x 60 piksel. Kanggo sesukan, uga ana game cacah 1 yaiku Snake II, Space impact, Bumper bisa ditambah kanthi ngundhuh game kang adhedasar program java. Ringtone ing tilpun iki jinis monoponik. Kanggo sesambungan lewat tulisan, bisa nggunakaké sarana SMS. Batréné bisa dicopot, nganggo jinis Li-Ion kapasitas on 1050 mAh kanthi nomer sèri BLS-2N lan bisa kanggo nganti 16 dina nalika standby lan tahan 3jam - 5jam 45menit nalika kanggo nélpon. Déné kanggo sesambungan, tilpun iki nggunakaké jaringan GSM.
Nokia 6650

Nokia 6650 yaiku tilpun sélulèr kang diprodhuksi déning pabrikan Nokia. Sèri iki kawanuhaké ing taun 2003, wis ora diprodhuksi manèh lan duwé ukuran 132 x 52 x 25 mm déné boboté 141 gram. Layaré TFT, 4096 werna kanthi résolusi 128 x 160 piksel. Kanggo sesukan, uga ana game yaiku bisa ditambah kanthi ngundhuh game kang adhedasar program java. Nokia 6650 dipirantèni kodhak VGA. Ringtone ing tilpun iki jinis monoponik poliponik. Kanggo sesambungan lewat tulisan, bisa nggunakaké sarana SMS, MMS. Batréné bisa dicopot, nganggo jinis Li-Ion kapasitas on 950 mAh kanthi nomer sèri BLC-2 lan bisa kanggo nganti 14 dina nalika standby lan tahan 2 jam 40 menit nalika kanggo nélpon. Déné kanggo sesambungan, tilpun iki nggunakaké jaringan GSM.
Nokia 7600

Nokia 7600 yaiku tilpun sélulèr kang diprodhuksi déning pabrikan Nokia. Sèri iki kawanuhaké ing kwartal 4 taun 2003, wis ora diprodhuksi manèh lan duwé ukuran 87 x 78 x 19 mm déné boboté 123 gram. Layaré TFT, 65K werna ukuran 2,0 inchi kanthi résolusi 128 x 160 piksel. Kanggo sesukan, uga ana game yaiku bisa ditambah kanthi ngundhuh game kang adhedasar program java. Nokia 7600 dipirantèni kodhak VGA. Ringtone ing tilpun iki jinis monoponik poliponik uga saka MP3. Kanggo sesambungan lewat tulisan, bisa nggunakaké sarana SMS, MMS, email. Batréné bisa dicopot, nganggo jinis Li-Ion kapasitas on 850 mAh kanthi nomer sèri BL-5C lan bisa kanggo nganti 170 jam nalika standby lan tahan 4 jam nalika kanggo nélpon. Déné kanggo sesambungan, tilpun iki nggunakaké jaringan GSM.
Nokia 3410

Nokia 3410 yaiku tilpun sélulèr kang diprodhuksi déning pabrikan Nokia. Sèri iki kawanuhaké ing taun 2002, wis ora diprodhuksi manèh lan duwé ukuran 115 x 49 x 22.5 mm déné boboté 114 gram. Layaré monokrom kanthi résolusi 96 x 65 piksel. Kanggo sesukan, uga ana game cacah 1 yaiku Snake II, Bumper, Space Impact, Bantumi, Link5 bisa ditambah kanthi ngundhuh game kang adhedasar program java. Ringtone ing tilpun iki jinis monoponik. Kanggo sesambungan lewat tulisan, bisa nggunakaké sarana SMS. Batréné bisa dicopot, nganggo jinis Li-Ion kapasitas on 825 mAh kanthi nomer sèri BLC-2 lan bisa kanggo nganti 55jam - 260jam nalika standby lan tahan 2jam 20menit - 4jam 10 menit nalika kanggo nélpon. Déné kanggo sesambungan, tilpun iki nggunakaké jaringan GSM.
David Tennant

David Tennant (lair ing West Lothian, Sekotlan, Karajan Manunggal, 18 April 1971; umur 53 taun;lair:David John McDonald) punika aktor asal Sekotlan. Panjenenganipun minangka serves Giacomo Casanova ing filem Casanova. Dhèwèké uga dadi Barty Crouch, Jr. ing filem Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.
Cagar Budaya Sangiran

7°27′23″S 110°50′6″E﻿ / ﻿7.45639°S 110.83500°E﻿ / -7.45639; 110.83500
Cagar Budaya Sangiran ya iku situs arkeologi ana ing Jawa, Indonesia. Ambane Area Situs Sangiran kurang luwih 48 km², 15 kilomèter sisih lor Surakarta sakiwa-tengené lembah kali Bengawan Sala lan kaki gunung Lawu. Panggone Situs Sangiran kanthi administratif kalebu ana ing Kabupatèn Sragen lan Karanganyar. Situs Sangiran mangrupa salah siji situs manungsa purba sing gedhé dhéwé lan paling wigati ana ing donya. Nang Situs Sangiran wes ditemukno kabehe 100 fosil manugsa purba (Homo Eractus) kang padha 50% luwih temonan fosil Homo Eractus ana ing donya, lan luwih akèh manèh nganti 60% sing ditemokno ana ing Indonesia. Mulane Situs iki duwé aji kasejarahan lan ngèlmu kawruh. Situs Sangiran wis ditetepno dadi daerah Cagar Budaya. Kaliyan manèh, UNESCO wes netepno Sangiran dadi Warisan Budaya Dunia (World Culture Heritage). Sangiran Miturut UNESCO (1995) "Sangiran diakoni déning para ilmuwan kanggo dadi salah siji situs sing paling wigati ing donya gae melajari fosil manungsa, disejajarno karo situs Zhoukoudian (Cina), Willandra Lakes (Australia), Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania), lan Sterkfontein (Afrika Selatan), lan luwih apik saka liyan-liyané."
Cithakan:Situs Warisan Dunia di Indonesia
Lily van Java

Lily van Java, uga kasebut karo judhul Melatie van Java, yaiku film Hindia Walanda taun 1928 sing disutradharai Nelson Wong. Filem iki rencanane diprodhuksi South Sea Film lan direkam dening sutradara berkebangsaan Amerika Sarekat, namung akhire diprodhuksi dening Halimoen Film sing diduweni dening Wong kakang-adhi. Alur filem iki nyritani cah wadon sing dipeksa nikah karo lanang sing ora ditresnani. Rincian pemeran lan kualitas peran mereka ora jelas, namung filem iki diakui minangka filem pertami saka sarangkaian filem sing diprodhuksi Tionghoa Hindia Wlanada. Film iki isa dadi ilang saka peredaran.
Males

Kesed (uga dikenal minangka kesabaran ) yaiku nyuda kegiatan utawa tenaga sanajan duwe kemampuan tumindak utawa ngupayakake awak dhewe. Iki asring digunakake minangka pejoratif; istilah kanggo wong sing katon males kalebu "kentang kursi", " slacker ", lan "bludger" .
Senadyan diskusi Sigmund Freud babagan prinsip kesenengan, Leonard Carmichael nyathet manawa "kesed dudu tembung sing katon ing dhaptar isi buku-buku teknis psikologi . . . Iki minangka rahasia psikologi modern sing luwih dingerteni babagan motivasi tikus sing ngelak lan merpati pecking nalika meksa nggunakake lever tinimbang cara para penyair nulis puisi utawa ilmuwan meksa lumebu laboratorium nalika main golf ing jaman saiki. tekan musim semi. " Survei taun 1931 nemokake siswa sekolah menengah luwih asring nganggep kinerja gagal amarga kesed, dene guru duwe peringkat "kurang kemampuan" minangka panyebab utama, lan kesed dadi nomer loro. Kesed ora bisa dibingungake karo avolition, gejala negatif saka masalah kesehatan mental tartamtu kayata depresi, ADHD, kelainan turu, lan skizofrenia .
Dituduhake manawa kelam-kelan dadi sebab kahanan mundur ing Indonesia, kayata kegagalan ngetrapake metode pertanian Revolusi Hijau . Nanging argumen kontra yaiku manawa wong Indonesia, sing urip kanthi precaya, ngupayakake supaya aman kanthi ora menehi resiko panen sing gagal, amarga ora kabeh eksperimen sing dilebokake dening wong njaba wis sukses.
Basa Mori Isor

Basa Mori Isor ya iku salah siji basa sing dicaturaké ing wewengkon Kabupatèn Morowali, Morowali Lor, lan kubengé, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia.. Basa Mori Isor iki duwé gayutan karo Basa Mori Dhuwur lan Basa Padoe. Uga masarakaté gen masih ana gayutan budaya karo anak-suku (sub-suku) Mori ning kang cacahé 20-an anak suku kang nyebar ning Sulawesi Tengah lan Sulawesi Kidul.
Basa Mori Isor nduwéni sawatara dhialèk, ya iku:
Macem-macem morfologi ana ing basa Mori Isor akèh rupané.
Basa Mori nduwéni ater-ater cacahè 10 macem.
Conto: yèn tembung dhasar awalan /t/ dan /s/ tia 'bagi'--> montia 'ngebagi' yèn tembung dhasar awalan /p/ pevovolo 'éling'--> mompevovolo 'ngéling'
Conto