davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Tianguis Cultural del Chopo

The Tianguis Cultural del Chopo is a Saturday flea market (tianguis in Mexican Spanish) near downtown Mexico City, known locally as El Chopo. It is named after its original location which was near the Museo Universitario del Chopo, an Art Nouveau building with a couple of towers designed by Bruno Möhring. Depending on the affiliation one has with this event, it has been referred to as "The Punk Market", "The Metal Market", or "The Goth Market". Since the end of the 1980s, the Tianguis del Chopo has been located close to Metro Buenavista station on Aldama street, in the Colonia Guerrero neighborhood.
Originally, the Tianguis was a place for hippies to trade 1960s memorabilia including not only records but also clothing, magazines, books and other collectibles. Over time the Tianguis became a countercultural hub, becoming a meeting place for followers of different musical genres like metal, goth, punk, grunge and ska, among others. Almost always, some local and touring bands play live gigs at the back of the market where casual traders can be found, standing and looking out for rare collectibles, records or CDs. The market is a core site of the local alternative scene, home of the city's many subcultures.
On the northern end of the market, at the corner of Aldama and Camelia streets, is an area called Espacio Anarcho-punk. Vendors in this part of El Chopo sell mostly books, movies, and other materials that have an anarchist or radical perspective. Many of the Espacio Anarcho-Punk vendors contribute to a weekly zine of the same title addressing local social issues and radical politics.
Mexican rice

Mexican rice (sometimes referred to as Spanish rice or red rice in Tex–Mex cuisine), also known as arroz a la mexicana, arroz mexicano, sopa de arroz, or arroz rojo in Spanish, is a Mexican side dish made from white rice, tomato, garlic, onion, and perhaps other ingredients. Mexican rice is almost always eaten as a complement to other dishes such as mole, refried beans, rotisserie chicken, carne asada, picadillo, tacos, fried fish, fried chicken, chiles rellenos, or vegetable soup.
Mexican-style rice is especially popular in central and northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. It is eaten year-round and is one of the most common preparations in Mexican cuisine.
Mexican rice is prepared by rinsing and briefly soaking medium-grained white rice and then toasting the rice in a heavy saucepan with fat, such as lard or cooking oil. After the grains of rice start to turn golden and translucent, tomato, onion, and garlic are all blended in either chicken broth, vegetable stock or a solution of water and chicken soup flavoring to make a sauce which is added to the toasted rice grains, where the mixture is brought to a simmer and briefly stirred and covered for 15–20 minutes, until the rice absorbs all of the liquid and becomes soft.
If the Mexican rice includes chopped vegetables such as carrot, corn, or pea, the vegetables are usually added while the rice is being toasted in the oil, before adding tomato sauce or broth, to get them soft and cooked well, and they can be seasoned with salt, finely chopped coriander, and/or ground cumin. In terms of spices and herbs, parsley can be added to give it a little color but it does not change the flavor much and cilantro adds a unique flavor and can be substituted for parsley or added as a complementary fresh herb. Cumin, oregano, cayenne, and chili powder can be added to the tomato sauce blend to give it a unique flavor.
The dish is most commonly referred to as arroz rojo in Mexico (and the direct translation "red rice" is sometimes used in English).
The term "Spanish rice" is sometimes used in the context of Tex-Mex cuisine, but is not used by Mexicans or Spaniards since this recipe is not part of Spanish cuisine, although it can be considered a simplified version of Spain's paella valenciana (with tomato rather than saffron, turmeric, or calendula, and thus having a red rather than yellow color). It has been theorized that the name "Spanish rice" was given because Mexicans speak Spanish and make this rice dish, thus causing the language of the country to be incorporated into the name.
Other names associated with this dish are "arroz mexicano" (Mexican rice) and "arroz a la mexicana" (Mexican-style rice).
Cruciferous vegetables

Cruciferous vegetables are vegetables of the family Brassicaceae (also called Cruciferae) with many genera, species, and cultivars being raised for food production such as cauliflower, cabbage, kale, garden cress, bok choy, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, mustard plant and similar green leaf vegetables. The family takes its alternative name (Cruciferae, Neo-Latin for "cross-bearing") from the shape of their flowers, whose four petals resemble a cross.
Ten of the most common cruciferous vegetables eaten by people, known colloquially in North America as cole crops and in the UK, Ireland and Australia as brassicas, are in a single species (Brassica oleracea); they are not distinguished from one another taxonomically, only by horticultural category of cultivar groups. Numerous other genera, and species in the family are also edible. Cruciferous vegetables are one of the dominant food crops worldwide. They are high in vitamin C and soluble fiber and contain multiple nutrients and phytochemicals.
Extensive selective breeding has produced a large variety of cultivars, especially within the genus Brassica. One description of genetic factors involved in the breeding of Brassica species is the Triangle of U.
Further relationships inside the family Brassicaceae can be described by tribes, a grouping of genera (see Brassicaceae § Relationships within the family). Armoracia, Barbarea, and Nasturtium belong to the tribe Cardamineae; Brassica, Sinapis, Diplotaxis, Eruca, and Raphanus belong to Brassiceae; Lepidium belongs in Lepidieae; and finally Wasabia (Eutrema) belongs in Eutremeae.
According to an umbrella review of 41 systematic reviews and meta-analyses of 303 observational studies, there is suggestive evidence for beneficial associations in gastric cancer, lung cancer, endometrial cancer, and all-cause mortality.
Cruciferous vegetables contain glucosinolates, which are under research for their potential to affect cancer. Glucosinolates are hydrolyzed to isothiocyanates (ITCs) by myrosinase. ITCs are being investigated for their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects.
Chemicals contained in cruciferous vegetables induce the expression of the liver enzyme CYP1A2.
Alliaceous and cruciferous vegetable consumption may induce glutathione S-transferases, uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferases, and quinone reductases all of which are potentially involved in detoxification of carcinogens such as aflatoxin. High consumption of cruciferous vegetables has potential risk from allergies, interference with drugs such as warfarin, and genotoxicity.
People who can taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), which is either bitter or tasteless, are less likely to find cruciferous vegetables palatable due to the resemblance between isothiocyanates and PTC.
Although cruciferous vegetables are generally safe for human consumption, individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivities to a certain Brassica vegetable, or those taking anticoagulant therapy, should be cautious.
Hed

An hed (pe hirder) eo ar muzul etre daou benn pellañ un dra. Er bras eus ar broioù e vez muzuliet e vez gant metroù (hag o rannoù) pegen hir eo.
Enebet e vez an hed ouzh al led, a vuzul pegen ledan eo an traoù.
Ma vez muzuliet an hed gant metroù (ha rannoù ar metr) hiziv e veze graet gant muzulioù all gwechall :
Komzet e vez eus :
Gerioù all zo
Ffereg

Ffereg, anvet ivez Rhwng Gwy a Hafren ('Etre ar stêrioù Gwy ha Hafren'), a oa ur rouantelezh vrezhon e hanternoz Gwent etre an div stêr-se. Krouet e voe war-dro 495 gant Cawrdaf, unan eus mibien Caradoc Freichfras. N'ouzer ket pegeit amzer e chomas dizalc'h Ffereg met hervez an testennoù diwezhat e oa un darn eus Brycheiniog.
Ludwig Stumpfegger

Ludwig Stumpfegger (11 a viz Gouere 1910 e München - 2 a viz Mae 1945 e Berlin) a voe mezeg Hitler azalek 1944. Ar grad diwezhañ a voe roet dezhañ a oa SS-Obersturmbannführer.
Stumpfegger a voe skorer ar c'helenner Karl Gebhardt e sanatoriom Hohenlychen. Arbennig war ar sport e oa. Setu perak e voe ezel eus ar skipailh mezegiezh da vare C'hoarioù olimpek Berlin hag e-pad C'hoarioù olimper ar goañv e Garmisch-Partenkirchen e 1936.
E 1939 e voe lakaet Hohenlychen dindan dalc'h ar Schutzstaffel. Stumpfegger a labouras dindan renerezh ar vezeien Gebhardt, Fritz Fischer ha Oberheuser. Kemer a reas perzh e taolioù-arnod war brizoniadezed kamp-diouennañ Ravensbrück. E-touez an taolioù-arnod-se e oa treuzlakaat eskern ha kigennoù.
E 1945, da vare emgann Berlin, e labouras evit Hitler er Führerbunker dindan renerezh ar mezeg Theodor Morell. Diwar urzh ar Führer e roas sianur da Blondi, ar c'hi a oa bet profet da Hitler gant Martin Bormann: Hitler a felle dezhañ gwelout pegeit e padfe ma tivizfe ar jeneraled alaman en em lazhañ dre lonkañ sianur. Hervez testoù zo en dije Stumpfegger sikouret Magda Goebbels da lazhañ he bugale.
D'ar 1añ a viz Mae e klaskas tec'hout eus ar bunker asambles gant Martin Bormann hag Artur Axmann. Axmann a yeas diouzh e du goude ur pennad, rak aon eus ar soudarded rusian. A-hervez en dije gwelet a-bellik korfoù Bormann ha Stumpfegger, marv o-daou, sklêrijennet o fenn gant skeud al loar. Met hervez testoù all en vije aet Stumpfegger da guzhat ha d'en em lazhañ gant Bormann dre lonkañ sianur er Berlin Lehrter Bahnhof. Kement-se a zo bet diskouezet da wir war-lerc'h e 1999 pa oa bet studiet relegoù Bormann bet kavet e 1972. Tammoù gwer a oa bet kavet war al lec'h, bured ar sianur.
Er film Der Untergang (2004) ez eo an aktor Thorsten Krohn a c'hoari perzh Stumpfegger.
Dielloù diwar-benn Stumpfegger war lec'hienn Deutsche Nationalbibliotek
Forn

Ur forn zo ur c’hombod, gant un nor vihan outañ, ma lakaer meuzioù da boazhañ (bara, kig ha kement zo). Implijet e vez fornioù ivez evit poazhañ pe sec’hiñ traezoù poderezh.
Ar fornioù koshañ zo bet kavet war an Douar zo e traoñienn an Indus, en Azia. Eno e veze ur forn, graet gant pri, da boazhañ boued e pep ti war-dro ar bloavezh 3200 kent J.K.
Anv zo er skridoù henc'hresianek eus ar fornioù ma veze poazhet bara gant ar C’hresianed en Henamzer. Graet e vezent gant pri ivez. Ganto e veze graet bara gant ur bern stummoù disheñvel : torzhioù, mouchennoù, choanennoù, baraennoù. Dont a reas ar poazhañ bara da vezañ ur gwir vicher, dre ma veze graet muioc’h-mui gant labourerien arbennikaet a werzhe o bara d’an dud dre vras. Moarvat ez eo micher ar baraer (pe ar « pober ») unan eus ar micherioù koshañ zo en-dro d’ar boued.
Ouzhpenn bara e veze graet pastez ha gwastilli gant ar C’hresianed kozh ivez. Debret e veze ar meuzioù-se alies da-geñver lidoù ispisial pe devezhioù gouel. War-dro ar bloavezh 300 e oa un 70 seurt bara disheñvel e Gres.
Hiziv an deiz e kaver fornioù e pep kegin, graet e metal peurvuiañ, hag implijet e vezont da boazhañ hor meuzioù : kig, legumaj, tourtennoù a bep seurt, gwastilli, ha bara ivez a-wechoù.
Gwechall e veze goret ar fornioù gant keuneud pe glaou. Bremañ e vez graet peurliesañ gant gaz pe tredan. Alies ez eo ar forn ul lodenn eus un dra vrasoc’h, un ardivink-ti a reer fornigell anezhañ.
Er fornioù modern e c’haller reoliañ an tommder, war-bouez ur gwrezreoler. Gallout a reer ivez reoliañ ar pad a-wechoù, da c’houzout pegeit amzer e chom ar boued er forn : evel-se e c’hell ar poazhañ chom a-sav e-unan. Un doare fornioù modern bihan, ar skinfornioù, a vez tommet pe poazhet buan ar boued enno dre berzh gwagennoù tredan-warellek berr.
Estreget evit poazhañ boued e vez implijet fornioù : brikennoù, teol pe priajoù a vez poazhet ha sec’het e fornioù tomm-gor.
Deiz

An deiz eo ar c'houlzad etre ar sav-heol hag ar c'huzh-heol (pe "serr-noz"), etre div noz, da lavaret eo prantadoù teñvalijenn. E-pad an deiz e weler sklaer ha luc'hus eo an oabl abalamour da c'houloù an Heol. Kemmañ a ra padelezh an deiz hervez ar c'houlz-bloaz hag al lec'h war an douar. Keit ha 6 miz e c'hall padout an deiz e daou benn an Douar. Dre astenn eo an deiz (pe an devezh) un deiz hag un noz asambles, met ar c'houlzad a zo etre un eur resis hag ar memes hini er memes lec'h d'an antronoz (d'an deiz a zeu goude an noz). Ar seurt koublad deiz ha noz a vez implijet pa lavarer eus seizh deiz ar sizhun.
Un unvez amzer eo an deiz ha pa n'emañ ket er SI e vez implijet asambles gantañ. Talvezout a ra 86 400 eilenn hag div arouezenn a ya gantañ: j (arouezenn c'halleg diwar jour) pe d (arouezenn etrebroadel diwar al latin dies).
An deiz heolel eo ar c'houlzad ma'z eus ezhomm d'an Douar evit ober un dro pa vije posupl e welout a-ziwar an Heol, mod-all eo ar c'houlzad a zo etre daou dremenad an Heol lerc'h-ouzh-lerc'h a-blom d'ar memes hedred. E-barzh ar c'houlzad-se ez eus troiadur an Douar war he ahel koulz hag e dremen a-hed e orbit. Dre emglev ez eus 24 eur e-barzh pep deiz eus zero eur betek hanternoz (hemañ a zo e 24 eur koulz hag en eur zero eus an deiz war-lerc'h). E-barzh ur bloaz (ur bloavezh) ez eus 365 pe 366 deiz (devezh).
An deiz steredel eo ar c'houlzad ma'z eus ezhomm d'an Douar evit ober un dro pa vije posupl e welout a-ziwar ar stered nesañ ha tremenadoù ur steredenn lerc'h-ouzh-lerc'h e hedred ul lec'h bennak. Talvezout a ra un deiz steredel evit 23 eur 56 munutenn.
Seizh deiz zo er sizhun en deiziataerioù julian ha gregorian :
Isspesad

E bevoniezh ez eo un isspesad ul live taksonomek etre ar spesad hag ar seurtad (pe ar ouenn).
E-barzh ur spesad bennak ez eo un isspesad un hollad hiniennoù distag diouzh ar peurrest ag ar speasd (evit abegoù douaroniel, ekologel, korfadurel) hag a emdro e-maez red genetek ar spesad dave.
Goude ur pennad mat a amzer e tispak an hollad hiniennoù-se dezverkoù spesadel (pe isspesadel) hag en diforc'h diouzh ar spesad dave. Gellout a ra an dezverkoù-se bout nevez, da heul un dargenad hilel da skouer. Hogen an diforc'hioù-se a c'hell genel diwar stabiladur un dezverk argemmus er spesad dave.
Gellout a ra daou isspesad disheñvel gouennañ etreze dre ma n'eo ket kreñv a-walc'h c'hoazh an diforc'hioù etreze (en enep da zaou spesad ha ne c'hellont ket en ober).
Dinas Mawddwy

Dinas Mawddwy zo ur gêriadenn eus Gwynedd, e Kembre, nepell diouzh ar menez Aran Fawddwy, diouzh ar stêr Dyfi, ha diouzh kêriadenn Llanuwchllyn.
Dont a ra an anv eus ar gerioù dinas, kreñvlec'h kozh, ha Mawddwy, ur c'hombod kozh.
Eng (lizherenn)

Eng pe engma eo anv ul lizherenn ispisial eus al lizherenneg latin skrivet Ŋ, ŋ. Diouzh un tu e vez implijet en un doare teknikel gant al lizherenneg fonetikel etrebroadel evit ober diouzh ar gensonenn staon dre fri [ŋ], ha diouzh un tu all e vez implijet en un doare boutin evit skrivañ yezhoù bev zo, en o zouez yezhoù Afrika (kentoc'h gant stumm ar pennlizherenn Ŋ) ha yezhoù samiek dreist-holl (pennlizherenn Ŋ).
Divc'hrafenn

Un divc'hrafenn pe digramm a zo anezhi ur c'hrafenn enni div lizherenn implijet evit ober diouzh ur son disheñvel diouzh hini al lizherennoù enni o-unan, da skouer :
s distaget [s] + h distaget [h] > sh distaget [ʃ]
Bez e c'hellont bezañ renket evel lizherennoù o-unan pe get, da skouer betek 1994 an divc'hrafenn spagnolek ch, distaget //, a veze renket evel ul lizherenn hec'h-unan etre al lizherennoù c ha d. Bremañ avat e vez renket a-gevret gant al lizherenn c.
Tri doare divc'hrafenn disheñvel zo :
Divc'hrafennoù enne div lizherenn disheñvel an eil diouzh eben, da skouer :
Divc'hafrennoù enne div wech an hevelep lizherenn. A-wechoù e vez implijet lizherennoù doubl hervez reolennoù reizhskrivañ ur yezh bennak evit merkañ hirder ar vogalennoù evel e brezhoneg “kanan” (a hir) kv. “kannañ” (a berr). N'int ket divc'hrafennoù ar re-se rak ne vezont ket implijet evit skrivañ sonioù disheñvel diouzh hini al lizherenn doublet :
Kêr-gloz

Ur gêr-gloz zo ur gêr kelc'hiet gant mogerioù-difenn savet er Grennamzer.
Meur a hini a gaver c'hoazh e Breizh : kêr-gloz Konk-Kerne, war un enezennig, savet er XIII pe XIV kantved, hini Sant-Maloù savet adalek an XII kantved war ur c'hourenez, hag hini Gwenrann. Desachañ a ra an douristed a ya eno da welout an tier kozh ha da bourmen er straedoù strizh ha war ar mogerioù-kreñv.
Meuse (stêr)

Ar Meuse (galleg) pe Maas (nederlandeg — skrivet "Maes" gwechall) a zo ur stêr eus reter Bro-C'hall (war 485.5 km) hag a red dre Velgia (183 km) hag an Izelvroioù (239 km) ivez kent aberiñ e Mor an Hanternoz. War-dro 925 km eo he hed.
Ar Meuse a red dre an departamantoù-mañ hag a dremen dre ar c'hêrioù-mañ:
Ar Meuse a red dre ar proviñsoù-mañ hag a dremen dre ar c'hêrioù-mañ:
Ar Maas a red dre ar proviñs-mañ hag a dremen dre ar c'hêrioù-mañ:
Ar Maas a red dre ar proviñsoù-mañ hag a dremen dre ar c'hêrioù-mañ:
Ar Mañs

Ar Mañs (Le Mans e galleg, distaget /lə mɑ̃/) zo ur gumun e kornôg Bro-C'hall. He froviñs hengounel eo ar Maine hag he rannvro velestradurel eo Broioù-al-Liger. Sez prefeti departamant ar Sarthe eo ivez. Treuzet eo gant ar stêr Sarthe.
Meneget ez eus bet gant Ptoleme ur gêr eus an Impalaeriezh roman anvet Vindinium, kêr-benn an Aulerci, ur rann-veuriad eus an Aedui. Anvet eo ivez evel Civitas Cenomanorum (Kêr ar Cenomani).
Gregor a Deurgn a veneg ur rann-roue frank Rigomer, lazhet gant Lodwig.
Anavezet eo ar Mañs evel aplud an Impalaeriezh Plantagenet. Taliñ ar Saozon diouzh ar C'hallaoued e-pad ar Grennamzer.
Dieubet e oa ar gêr gant 5vet rann-arme Stadoù Unanet Amerika e-pad an Eil Brezel Bed, d'an 8 Eost 1944.
Ar gêr gloz, anvet c'hoazh n'eus ket pell Le Vieux Mans, a zo bet adanvet La Cité Plantagenêt gant an ti-kêr.
Roet eo bet al label Kêrioù ha Broioù Arz hag Istor dezhi.
293 159 annezad zo er veurgêr hervez niveridigezh 1999, gant 144 500 den er gêr hec'h-unan e 2006. dave : http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/docs_ffc/psdc.htm
Rilhetez (pe kig rous) eo meuz dibar tolead Ar Mañs.
Juluan Maner

Juluan Maner, ganet d'ar 1añ a viz Here 1606 e Sant-Jord-Restembaod, er biz da eskopti Roazhon (en Il-ha-Gwilun a-vremañ), war harzoù Normandi, hag aet da Anaon d'an 28 a viz Genver 1683 e Plevin, e Kerne (hiziv en Aodoù-an-Arvor), a oa ur beleg ha geriadurour brezhoneg.
Mont a reas war e studi da skolaj an Tadoù Jezuisted, da Roazhon, adalek 1621. Alese ez eas da leandi Saint-Germain, e Pariz, ma reas e leoù kentañ e 1627. Kenderc'hel a reas e studioù e La Flèche ha goude-se e skolaj Kemper e 1630. Eno e stagas da zeskiñ brezhoneg, met kontañ a reer en dije desket ar yezh, dre vurzhud, en un nozvezh, e 1631, e chapel Ti Mamm Doue e Kerfeunteun, ur barrez sko ouzh Kemper.
D'ar mare-se ivez e tarempredas Mikael an Noblez a oa o chom e Douarnenez hag e reas e vennozh da vont da brezeg dre Vreizh.
Mont a reas an Tad Maner da Deurgn ha da v-Bourges da beurechuiñ e studioù. Beleget e voe e 1637 ha distreiñ a reas da Gemper e 1640. Neuze e krogas da visioniñ tro-dro da Gemper, o vont alies da eskoptioù all : Leon, Treger, Gwened, Sant-Brieg. Kregiñ a reas gant e vision kentañ e 1641, e Douarnenez. A-hed e vuhez, betek e varv e 1683, ez eas dre Vreizh a-bezh da brezeg an aviel. Heverk e oa misionoù an Tad Maner gant o zaolennoù, implijet ivez gant Mikael an Noblez evit displegañ ar Skritur sakr d'an dud gant skeudennoù eeun, gant o c'hantikoù, ha gant ur brosesion vras evit klozañ ar mision. Kantikoù e-leizh a savas an tad Maner, rak ar pep gwellañ e oa, hervezañ, evit kenteliañ an dud. Tremen 400 mision a zo lakaet war e anv. Pa 'z eas da brezegenni~~e kreiz Breizh e tiskoachas ma yae darn an dud da sabatoù el lanneier. Sevel a reas un hentenn atersiñ e-pad ar c'hofez evit stourm ouzh ar pezh en doe anvet Diroll ar Menez.
Sevel a reas a-du gant Charles d'Albert d'Ailly, (dug a Chaulnes), karget da lakaat an urzh da ren en-dro goude Emsavadeg ar Bonedoù ruz, er bloaz 1675. Prezeg a rae ar sentidigezh hag ar sujidigezh d'an dud, koulz war ar maez hag e kêr.
An Tad Maner eo a grogas da skrivañ brezhoneg evel ma veze komzet hag e krogas da skrivañ ar c'hemmadurioù na vezent ket skrivet araozañ e krennvrezhoneg. Eñ an hini eo a ijinas al lizherenn c'h, a vo adkemeret e skritur ofisiel anvioù-lec'hioù (evel Kimerc'h) pe anvioù-tud (Falc'hun).
Gwerzhet e veze al levrioù gant Guillaume Yvonnic, a veze gantañ pa brezege.
Lakaet e oa bet da wenvidig gant ar Pab Pi XII, d'an 20 a viz Mae 1951.
Maner Kernod

Maner Kernod a zo ur maner e Mellag, nepell diouzh Kemperle, e Kerne Izel, e Penn ar Bed.
Soñjal a reer e voe savet ur maner eno ken abred hag en XIII kantved, rak kavet ez eus bet roudoù unan eus ar mare-se.
Lodennoù koshañ ar maner a weler hiziv a voe savet e-kreiz ar XV kantved. D'ar mare-se e oa perc'hennet ar maner gant ar familh Leskoad, ha skoed-ardamez ar familh a weler en unan eus gwerennoù livet ar chapel. Goude-se e voe perc'hennet gant meur a familh : Le Bœuf, Le Veer, du Vergier de Kerorlay ha de Poulpiquet de Brescanvel. Kemmoù a voe degaset d'ar savadur er XVII hag en XVIII kantved.
Pouezus e oa ar maner a-fet labour-douar : er XVII kantved e voe savet ur solier dezhañ bannoù-koad, a-us d'un tremen. Unan eus ar skouerioù nemeto a gaver e Breizh eo. E penn-kentañ an XVIII kantved e voe plantet gwez avaloù chistr. E 1995 e voe aozet ur verje arnodiñ : hiziv an deiz e kaver enni 42 spesad avaloù chistr disheñvel. Da vare an Dispac'h gall e voe degemeret beleien ha chouanted er maner, en ur guzhiadell e choment.
Kroget e oa bet labourioù reneveziñ ar maner en diskar-amzer 2020, gant ar pal echuiñ al labourioù e miz Meurzh 2025, met ul lodenn eus ar maner a zo bet distrujet gant un tan-gwall d'an 12 a viz Genver 2025 pa oa tost-echu ar prantad reneveziñ.
Anavezout a c'haller darvoudoù pennañ an istor dre ma'z eus bet miret dielloù e-leizh abaoe ar XV kantved.
Gouzout a reer da skouer e oa an domani 73 hektar dezhañ er XVI kantved. Met gant ar c'hemmoù armerzh, hag al lodennerezhioù ne chom nemet 30 hektar hiziv an deiz. Gant an dielloù e c'haller gouzout ivez e oa pemp ruskenn er maner da vare an Dispac'h Gall, ar pezh n'eo ket souezhus rak a-bouez e oa ar gwenanerezh e Kerne Izel, hag ivez ur muz testeniet en dielloù abaoe 1540. Kempennet eo bet e 1993. Annezet e voe ar maner betek 1989 ha pa varvas ar perc'henn diwezhañ e voe prenet gant Kuzul meur Penn ar Bed e 1990. E 1991 e voe lakaet da savadur istorel. Hiziv an deiz ez eo gouestlet d'al lennegezh dre gomz, hag ennañ e kaver Kreizenn enklask ha dielloù al lennegezh dre gomz. Ur rann eus skol-veur Brest eo.
Bizhui-an-Dour

Bizhui pe Bizhui-an-Dour, pe c'hoazh Bieuzhi(-an-Dour) (Bieuzy e galleg), a oa ur gumun eus Breizh, e kanton Pondi, e departamant ar Mor-Bihan.
N'ez eus ket evit ar poent
Niver a annezidi
Dour

Ul liñvenn dreuzwelus, diliv, dic'hwezh ha divlaz eo an dour (liester : dourioù, doureier). An oksidenn dihidrogen eo pe an drenkenn hidroksiek e c'hell bezañ anvet ivez. Ur c'hompozad kimiek simpl eo, met gant perzhioù dibar diwar ar pennaheladur. E formulenn gimiek a zo H2O ha pep molekulenn a endalc'h un atom oksigen etre daou atom hidrogen en ur ober ur "V" digor bras. An dour pounner en deus daou atom deuteriom e-lec'h an hidrogen. An deuteriom a zo un izotop hidrogen. Formulenn an dour pounner (oksid deuteriom) a zo D2O.
Dindan ar gwask atmosferel a ya da aezhenn an dour pelloc'h eget 100° C hag a ya da vezañ solut dindan 0° (da skorn ez a da vezañ). Ur perzh dibar eo ivez pa chom an holl gompozadoù nes (sulfur hidrogen, ammoniak, metan, da skouer) er stad gazek dindan wrezioù izeloc'h.
En Douar a-bezh e kaver dour kazi e pep lec'h hag eo ur c'hompozad ret evit ar veverien ha dezho eo an dour un dra neutrel, divlaz ha dic'hwezh.
War-dro 70% gorread an Douar a zo goloet gant an dour hini ar meurvorioù da gentañ penn, met kavet e vez dindan stumm ur mor, ul lenn, un dourredenn, ur stêr, ur wazh pe ur ganol. Deskrivet e vez red an dour a-dreuz pep kombod douarel dre dresañ kelc'hiad an dour (e gelc'hiad biogeokimiek).
Ober a reer gant gerioù
Lammoù-dour an Iguazú

Lammoù-dour an Iguazu (pe Iguassu, pe Iguaçu), anavezet e portugaleg evel Cataratas do Iguaçu, hag e spagnoleg evel Cataratas del Iguazú, a zo lammoù-dour war ar Stêr Iguazu a ra an harzoù etre stad Paraná e Brazil ha proviñs Misiones en Arc'hantina. Adal al lammoù-dour e komzer eus Iguazu Izel pe Uhel.
N'eo ket ul lamm-dour met 275 a zo, a-hed 2.7 km eus red ar stêr Iguazu.
Unan anezho, anvet Garganta del Diablo pe Garganta do Diabol (Korzailhenn an Diaoul, e brezhoneg), zo dezhañ stumm un U, 82 metrad uhelder, 150 metrad ledander, ha 700 metrad hed. An hini souezhusañ eo, ha hennezh a verk an harz etre Arc'hantina (80%) ha Brazil (20%).
Mont a c'haller d'al lammoù-dour adalek div gêr a bep tu dezho:
Lamm-dour

Ul lamm-dour pe un dourlamm, zo ul lec'h ma kouezh dour ur stêr eus an uhel e-lec'h redek. A-wechoù e kouezh kalz dour gant trouz bras, eon ha latar. Kement-se a vez gwelet er menezioù uhelañ, hag e Breizh n'eus ket lammoù-dour brudet. Re uhelañ ar bed eo re Salto Ángel, 979 metr, e Venezuela. Peurvuiañ e kouezh muioc'h a zour en nevezamzer pa vez an erc'h o teuziñ.
Setu lammoù-dour uhelañ ar bed
Skeudennoù eus un 40 lamm-dour dre ar bed zo bet bodet amañ.
Dour (lec'hanvadurezh)

Kalzik a stêrioù, pe wazhioù kentoc'h, zo e Breizh hag emañ ar ger "dour" en o anv.
Gallout a reer kavout ar ger dour, pe gentoc'h gerioù kar dezhañ, e stêrioù all en Europa ma'z eus bet anvet stêrioù (ha kêrioù) gant ar Gelted kozh. Ma n'haller ket bezañ peursur eus an orin anezho e c'haller menegiñ bepred:
Vodka

Ar vodka zo un died alkoolek (37%-97%) treuzwelus, graet diwar lambig patatez pe greun ed (gwinizh, segal...). Graet e veze e broioù Europa ar Reter (Polonia, Rusia, Ukraina, Finland...) ha stank e vez kavet er broioù-se ma vez graet gant etre 4 000 ha 5 000 merk kenwerzhel disheñvel. E 2005 e oa deuet da vezañ an alkool gwerzhet ar muiañ er bed. E broioù Europa e rank bezañ da nebeutañ 37,5% a alkool ennañ hervez lezenn (peurvuiañ e vez 40%) ; er Stadoù Unanet e rank bezañ da nebeutañ 40%.
Vodka zo ur ger deveret eus ar ger voda, a dalvez kement ha "dour" er yezhoù slavek. Talvezout a ra ar ger vodka eta kement ha "dourig". Skrivet e vez водка e rusianeg, wódka e poloneg.
Plourin-Gwitalmeze

Plourin-Gwitalmeze a zo ur gumun eus Bro-Leon e kanton Lokournan, e departamant Penn-ar-Bed, e gwalarn Breizh.
Erwan Vallerie (1995) ː Ploerin, c. 1330; Guierin, 1427; Ploerin, 1516; Guicrain, 1630; Plouerin Leon, 1647
Niver a annezidi
Wukang Mansion

The Wukang Mansion or Wukang Building (Chinese: 武康大楼), formerly known as the Normandie Apartments or International Savings Society Apartments, is a protected historic apartment building in the former French Concession area of Shanghai. It was designed by the Hungarian-Slovak architect László Hudec and completed in 1924. The building has been the residence of many celebrities.
The building is located at the southern end of Wukang Road (formerly Route Ferguson), on the corner with Middle Huaihai Road (formerly Avenue Joffre), in Shanghai's Xuhui District. It is in the western part of the former French Concession area of the city. The address of the building is 1836–1858 Middle Huaihai Road.
Completed in 1924, the eight-storey building was designed by the renowned Hungarian-Slovak architect László Hudec (1893–1958), who designed many landmarks in Shanghai. It is in the French Renaissance style and is the oldest veranda-style apartment building in Shanghai. There's an urban legend that the name was to commemorate Normandie, a World War I-era battleship. However no such battleship served in WWI in the French Navy. The building looks like a ship from one direction. The unusual wedge-shape of the building is reminiscent of the Flatiron Building in New York City.
The concrete building is 30 metres (98 ft) tall, occupies a land area of 1,580 square metres (17,000 sq ft), and has a floor area of 9,275 square metres (99,840 sq ft). There were originally 63 apartments, 30 servants' quarters, and three elevators.
Originally built for Western employees of companies based in the foreign concessions, the building was bought by Kung Ling-wei, daughter of the wealthy banker H. H. Kung, in 1942. Kung moved into the building, which also became popular with many celebrities of Shanghai, centre of China's film industry during the Republic of China era. Residents included famous actors and actresses Wu Yin, Wang Renmei, Qin Yi, Zhao Dan, Sun Daolin, Wang Wenjuan, Shangguan Yunzhu, and actor/director Zheng Junli. Sun Daolin lived in the building for 30 years with his wife Wang Wenjuan, until his death in 2007. Soong Ching-ling, the widow of President Sun Yat-sen, lived opposite the building across Huaihai Road. Her home is now open to the public as the Soong Ching-ling Memorial Residence.
The former Normandie Apartments was renamed in 1953 to Wukang Mansion after the street it is on. During the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), the Red Guards renamed the building Anti-Revisionist Tower, but local residents referred to it as "The Diving Board" because of the dozens of suicides by intellectuals and others who were persecuted as "state enemies".
Wukang Mansion is one of Shanghai's historic buildings under municipal protection. In 2008 it was restored by the government of Xuhui District.
It appears in "Death at the Wukang Mansion" in Dear Chrysanthemums (Scribner, 2023), a novel in stories by writer, poet, translator, and musician Fiona Sze-Lorrain.[1]
31°12′16″N 121°26′18″E﻿ / ﻿31.2045°N 121.4383°E﻿ / 31.2045; 121.4383
Kentucky Governor's Mansion

The Kentucky Governor's Mansion is a historic residence in Frankfort, Kentucky. It is located on the East lawn of the Capitol, at the end of Capital Avenue. On February 1, 1972, it was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places.
It was built in 1912–14 for use as the governor's mansion, according to designs submitted by Weber, Werner & Adkins of Cincinnati, Ohio. The politically connected Weber Brothers, Edward Addison Weber and Christian C. Weber received and handled the commission officially. However, because neither appears to have any architectural or design training, "the actual designer appears to have been John Scudder Adkins (1872-1931), a well-trained and talented St. Louis-born architect who moved to Cincinnati in 1893." Adkins designed several notable commercial and institutional buildings as well as residences throughout the mid-west. John Adkins and G.S. Werner were partners in a firm prior to merging with the Weber brothers' firm. The firm was selected from among four firms invited to submit plans.
The new mansion replaced the Old Governor's Mansion, built in 1798, which still stands, at 420 High Street, Frankfort. The Act specified that the new mansion should be "constructed, trimmed and finished with native stone produced from quarries in Kentucky." The Beaux-Arts design owed a great deal to the Petit Trianon at Versailles' interiors were in neoclassical French taste. The landscaping design for the mansion was developed and implemented by William Speed of Louisville.
In 1980, Kentucky's First Lady, Phyllis George Brown, began a fundraising effort called Save the Mansion, which was designed to fund the restoration of the interior and furnish the building. The restoration project was completed in the spring of 1983. The Governor's Mansion Preservation Foundation is a charitable trust that is charged with conservation of the historic structure. The Governor's Mansion is regularly open for tours.
Media related to Kentucky Governor's Mansion at Wikimedia Commons
Guédelon Castle

Guédelon Castle (French: Château de Guédelon [ʃɑto d(ə) ɡedlɔ̃]) is a castle currently under construction near Treigny, France. The castle is the focus of an experimental archaeology project aimed at recreating a 13th-century castle and its environment using period techniques, dress, and materials.
In order to fully investigate the technology required in the past, the project is using only period construction techniques, tools, and costumes. Materials, including wood and stone, are all obtained locally. Jacques Moulin [fr], chief architect for the project, designed the castle according to the architectural model developed during the 12th and 13th centuries by Philip II of France.
Construction started in 1997 under Michel Guyot [fr], owner of Château de Saint-Fargeau, a castle in Saint-Fargeau 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) away. The site was chosen according to the availability of construction materials: an abandoned stone quarry, in a large forest, with a nearby pond. The site is in a rural woodland area and the nearest town is Saint-Sauveur-en-Puisaye, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the northeast.
In 1979, French entrepreneur Michel Guyot purchased the ruins of the Château de Saint-Fargeau and began restoring it with profits raised on-site. In late 1995, a study by Guyot's staff revealed the medieval foundations beneath the current, brick ruins, complete with a hypothesized plan of the original castle. After some consideration, Guyot rebuilt the existing castle, but began assembling funds and experts – and opening negotiations with the French government – to build a new castle. Over five months in 1997, Guyot raised €400,000 from the European Union, local and the central French governments, and commercial entities.
A former sandstone quarry was chosen as the site of Guédelon Castle because of its relative elevation and abundance of local natural resources, which would have been expensive to transport in the Middle Ages. The castle location is in a woodland, two hours south of Paris, near Treigny. The ceremonial first stone was laid on 20 June 1997, and permission for the construction was received from the commune of Treigny on 25 July 1997.
After ground-breaking mid-1997 through early 1998, the site was cleared and the first workshops erected. By 1998 the castle perimeter had been built up to a metre (3 ¼ feet) in height, following which Guédelon was opened to the public. By June 2010, the great tower stood at 15 metres (49 ft).
By 2014, the castle was attracting about 300,000 visitors annually, and had annual revenue of about three million euros. In 2022, the castle was attracting about 275,000 visitors.
The techniques redeveloped for Guédelon Castle were used in the reconstruction of Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris after its catastrophic 2019 fire.
Guédelon Castle appeared in the 2004 documentary Europe in the Middle Ages. In November 2014 the castle was featured in the series, Secrets of the Castle, in which the project was described as "the world's biggest archaeological experiment".
Ironman 70.3

An Ironman 70.3, also known as a Half Ironman, is one of a series of long-distance triathlon races organized by the World Triathlon Corporation (WTC). The "70.3" refers to the total distance in miles (113.0 km) covered in the race, consisting of a 1.2-mile (1.9 km) swim, a 56-mile (90 km) bike ride, and a 13.1-mile (21.1 km) run. Each distance of the swim, bike, and run segments is half the distance of that segment in an Ironman Triathlon. The Ironman 70.3 series culminates each year with a World Championship competition, for which competitors qualify during the 70.3 series in the 12 months prior to the championship race. In addition to the World Championship race, Ironman 70.3 championship competitions are also held for the European, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America regions.
The time needed by an athlete to complete a 70.3 distance event varies from race to race and can be influenced by external factors. These factors include the terrain and the total elevation gained and lost on the course, weather conditions, and course conditions. Finish times range from sub-four-hour completion times by elite-level athletes to the imposed race cutoff, which is commonly 8 hours and 30 minutes after the start time.
The first Half Ironman branded race was Half Ironman UK, which was raced in 2001. However, prior to the launch of the 70.3 series in 2005, races were then known as Half Ironman before adopting the Ironman 70.3 label. The oldest half-iron-distance race, though not under the WTC umbrella at the time, is the Superfrog Triathlon, which began in 1979.
The number of qualification events within the 70.3 series has grown since its inception, growing to match the popularity of the sport and interest in the distance. Since the first year of the Ironman 70.3 Championship race in 2006 the series grew from 14 events to over 60 events in the span of seven years. The 2016 series saw 89 events worldwide, with the biggest one-year increase in the number of events coming between the 2011 and 2012 series when the number of races grew from 38 to 57.
Since 2022, Vietnam's automobile maker VinFast was the first ever naming rights partner for 2022 Ironman World Championship and 2023 Ironman 70.3 World Championship.
Due to the lack of course certification for half-iron distance races, there is no official world record for 70.3 events. The fastest times to complete a half-iron distance race for men and women were both set at the 2019 Ironman 70.3 Bahrain by Kristian Blummenfelt and Holly Lawrence. While these remain the fastest times for any Ironman-branded 70.3 race, they were achieved on a 53.9-mile (86.8 km) bike course, noticeably less than the standard 56-mile (90 km) course for 70.3 events.
Ultra-triathlon

An ultra-triathlon covers more distance than an ITU 'long course,' or Ironman™ triathlon. The term generally refers to all triathlon events with a distance that is a multiple of the Ironman Triathlon, which consists of 2.4 miles (3.86 km) of swimming, 112 miles (180.25 km) of cycling, and a full marathon (26.2 mi or 42.2 km) of running. The most common distances are the double, triple, quadruple, quintuple and deca triathlon. Unlike a standard triathlon event, an ultra-triathlon event may not necessarily involve the three component disciplines of triathlon (swimming, cycling and running) in direct consecutive order, but may instead consist of multiple consecutive individual triathlons performed on consecutive days, or may involve disciplines out of the usual order, such as the Enduroman that goes run-swim-bike to allow crossing of the English Channel.
The first ultra-distance race was held as a double in Huntsville, Alabama (USA) in 1985, and since then the distances have been expanding. While 20x and even 30x events have been held, the DECA, or 10x event, either in the 'continuous' version (swim-bike-run), or in the 'one-per-day' version is typically the longest distance that can be found on the race calendar every year. In 2020 and 2022, the swissultra DECA continuous was the IUTA World Championship over that distance.
The IUTA (International Ultra Triathlon Association) is the official governing body of Ultra Triathlon.
Kimberly Crest

Kimberly Crest House and Gardens is a French château-style Victorian mansion located in Redlands, California. The property is a registered California Historical Landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The house was built in 1897 for Mrs Cornelia A. Hill, one of the pioneers of Redlands. In 1905, John Alfred Kimberly, a co-founder of the Kimberly-Clark paper company, purchased the home to escape the Wisconsin winters, giving the family name to the property. When the Kimberly family purchased the property in 1905, Mrs Kimberly had the Italian gardens installed on the property. The family celebrated the holidays at the property with a 90-foot (27 m) magnolia tree adorned with 6000 watts of light. The Kimberly family continued to live in the home until the death in 1979 of Mary Kimberly Shirk, the widowed daughter of John Alfred Kimberly.
Before her death, Mrs Shirk challenged the city of Redlands to raise the funds to purchase 39 acres (0.06 sq mi; 0.16 km) of the property around the home and turn it into a botanical park. If the funds were raised, she promised to bequeath the mansion and the estate of 6.25 acres (0.01 sq mi; 0.03 km) immediately around it to the city. The city raised the funds, and the surrounding grounds became known as Prospect Park. At her death, Mrs Shirk left the home to "the people of Redlands" and, using the proceeds from the sale to the city of the Prospect Park property, established the Kimberly-Shirk Association, which continues to care for the home today.
Prior to the conversion to a museum, the mansion served as one of the filming locations for the 1981 movie Hell Night, starring Linda Blair. In the film, tunnels were depicted, but the house and the estate have no such feature. Later, the grounds served as the setting of Fleetwood Mac's Big Love video. Shots depicting the inside of the home were filmed on a sound stage.
The three-story Victorian mansion was designed in the Châteauesque style by Oliver Perry Dennis and Lyman Farwell, a Los Angeles-based partnership. The building contains over 7,000 square feet (650 m) of floor space. A near replica, now known as The Magic Castle, was designed by the same architects and erected in Hollywood in 1909.
The gardens that surround Kimberly Crest are exquisite examples of the Italian style favored by Victorian homeowners at the turn of the 20th century. Mr Kimberly had the current gardens created in 1909, complete with statuary and koi ponds. Today the gardens are honorary members of the Inland Koi Society, which now maintains the lily ponds.
The Kimberly-Shirk Association has maintained the property since 1981 and continues the legacy of Mrs Shirk's involvement in civic events. Kimberly Crest is open to the public for tours and can also be booked for weddings and private events. Tours are Thursday, Friday, and Sunday. Tours are available every half hour with the last tour taking off at 3:30 pm.
Walled city of Nanjing

The Nanjing City (南京城, Nanjing Cheng, literally Nanjing City), or translated as the Walled city of Nanjing, etc., refers to the historical core of Nanjing city enclosed in the Nanjing City Wall built in the early Ming dynasty. The area is about 55 square kilometers. Presently, parts of Qinhuai, Jianye, Gulou and Xuanwu districts of Nanjing are in the enclosed area. Around the City there are waters, rivers or lakes, along with the city wall.
The present Nanjing City Wall was built in Ming dynasty. The Stone City built in 333 BCE in Warring States period is located in the western part of present Nanjing City, and at that time it was the county town of Jinling. The Stone City was rebuilt by Wu during Three Kingdoms, and later the Kingdom of Wu renamed the city Jianye and made it the capital. In Eastern Jin dynasty, the capital city was renamed Jiankang. In Ming dynasty, it renamed Nanking.
The imperial palace site is located in eastern part of the Nankin city. Nanjing Museum is beside it. The observatory site is located on the Qintian Mountain (or Jiming Mountain) in middle north. Gulou Square, lying at the foot of the mountain, is the city center. Not far from Gulou, near the east-west trend ridge from the mountain to Stone Mountain (or Qingliang Mountain), there are many cultural institutions, and also universities and colleges, most of which have added new campuses outside the city in recent years. Xinjiekou, another city center, is a typical central business district, with numerous businesses including various financial firms, stores, restaurants, hotels, entertainment places concentrated there. Several big hospitals are located near Gulou - Xinjiekou area. Presidential Palace is also in the area. The southern area is called Chengnan (城南, the city southern parts), or sometimes called Lao Chengnan (Old Chengnan). Lao Chengnan may also refer to people that have lived in Chengnan for generations and speak old Nankin accent. Many old buildings remain in Chengnan, especially the historical architectures centered on Fuzimiao. Branches of Qinhuai River flow through the city and along the city wall.
Broadly speaking, Nanjing city represents the whole administrative area of Nanjing, including both urban and rural area. Sometimes Nanjing city indicates urban area of Nanjing main city, and in this circumstance generally the term Nanjing Shiqu (南京市區) is used. Nanjing Zhu Chengqu (Nanjing Main City Area, 南京主城區) is a frequently used phrase, which means the enclosed Nanjing City and the urban area around it. Another frequently used phrase, Nanjing Metropolitan Region (Nanjing Dushi Quan, 南京都市圈), includes Nanjing and surrounding cities and areas, with acreage over 60 thousand km and population over 30 million.
In 2001, 60% urban people of Nanjing, i.e., 1.5 million people lived inside the Nanjing City, just a similar population size of Nanking (Jiankang) in Jin dynasty 1600 years ago. After rapid expanding in recent years, the urban area of Nanjing is more than 1000 km, near 20 times larger than the Nanjing City. The total administrative area of Nanjing is about 6600 km.
List of cities with defensive walls

The following cities have, or historically had, defensive walls.
See List of Egypt castles, forts, fortifications and city walls.
Old Quarter of Panama City (a portion of the Wall still exists)
Pakuan Pajajaran, the capital of the Sunda Kingdom, was surrounded by defensive moats and walls. Now the area is part of the modern city of Bogor.
An 18th century wall made by Hamengkubuwono the 1st from the Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Kingdom to protect the inner capital city from the Dutch and other enemies during the Mataram Kingdom period. Today, 96% of the wall still exists and is a local landmark.
On 17 February 1745, the Surakarta Kingdom moved to a new opened forest named Sala Village and build their Royal Residential Palace and urban area with a 15 kilometers long of "Beteng Kraton" or Palace wall around it. As of 2022, 90% of the city walls still remain.
Well known as Banten Kingdom's capital. The wall was destroyed by the Dutch during its colonial period in the way to ended the Banten reign. The city wall that left is only about 10% from the real appearance.
Trowulan was the capital of the former Majapahit Empire. When its glory period, the capital being a first European systemized ancient city (with city canal system for transportation and also large aisle and road for major transportation) in Indonesia, because Trowulan was developed in Majapahit's glory period in 13th–15th century. The wall was protecting the inner "Kraton" or royal palace and some important places. Today the wall can't be seen as the original appearance.
Almost every old city in Pakistan had a defensive wall. Much of these walls were destroyed by the British in order to refortify the cities. Few cities which were fortified are:
Some other towns were fortified with thorny bamboo in the Qing era.
Many towns and cities still retain at least parts of their defensive walls, including: