davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Arz

Arz : (ger deveret eus al latin artum)
Er penn kentañ, ne oa graet an arz nemet evit tud desket-bras, barrek anezho da skeudenniñ kenkoulz ar bed en-dro dezhe, an traoù bevet gante, o santimantoù ha kement zo, ken ma veze levezonet ar re all gant o oberennoù. Hogen bremañ eo disheñvel an traoù, forzh piv a c'hell emanvout bout un arzour gant mo vo talant, mailhoni ha spered da grouiñ gantañ.
Ar spas a zo kevreet gant an arzoù plastik, hag an amzer gant ar muzik hag al lennegezh. Gant ar c'hoariva hag an dañs e teu an nen da vezañ danvez e arz. Gant ar filmoù an hini eo ma vez empennet ar seurt seblant-mañ.
War a seblant ne vez pal raksoñjet ebet gant an arz, hag er frankiz-mañ emañ lec’hiet e wir dalvoudegezh. Uhelaet e vez mabden a-us da chañs-dichañs madoù ar c’horf. Neoazh, kement-se ne dalv ket emañ an arz, pezh a vije graet arz evit arz, estreget evit arzourien pe kenedourien.
Dav a-walc’h d’an nen en em gustumiñ d'an arz kent peurintent anezhañ da vat. A-raok karout ha kompren an arz, eo gwelloc'h bezañ bet kelennet war an arz agent.
Liammed eo talvoudegezh an arz gant an diduiñ tamm-pe-damm, da lavaret eo ar fed dont a-benn da drec’hiñ war ar c'hoantoù diavaez. Ne zle ket d'an arz bout talvoudus dre ret, e-se e vez dalc'het an arzourien gant koumanant urzh prenañ an dud.
Implijet eo bet an arzourien evit propagandaoù relijiel pe politikel, gant an alamaned, ar rused, italianed, amerikaned, sinais.
A-benn ar fin an oberenn zo ur seurt emglev, ur c'hempouez etre pezh emañ ar prener o klask, pe ar arvesterien hag ar pezh en deus c'hoant an arzour ezteurel. Evel-henn e vo eus livourien relijiel an azginivelezh skignerion an Dengarouriezh, ha kement-se bet arc'hantaouet gant an Iliz.
Ul livour pe skrivagner n'eo ket arzour ken p'emañ suj d'un ideologiezh a zo er-maez eus an arz. N'hall ket an arzour lavaret e soñj dezhañ e-unan diwar-benn tra-mañ-tra nemet pa vez en ur stumm pe un ober kenedus ma c'hell an nen gwelet pe santout a-drugarez dezhe.
Shōji Satō (arzour)

Shōji Satō (佐藤 ショウジ, Satō Shōji) zo un arzour ha treser japanat. Labouret en deus ivez war mangaioù doare dōjinshi gant al lesanv Inazuma ha penn ar strollad arzourien erotek Digital Accel Works. Penn treser an heuliad manga Highschool of the Dead eo bet betek marv an aozour Daisuke Satō. Hiziv-an-deiz eo harper ar mangaka Kōshi Rikudō, krouer an heuliad manga Excel Saga.
Gather Ye Rosebuds While Ye May (1909)

Gather Ye Rosebuds While Ye May zo un daolenn gant al livour saoz John William Waterhouse e 1909. Awenet eo bet an arzour gant ar varzhoneg To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time, gant Robert Herrick, a grog evel-hen:
Un daolenn all a oa bet savet bloaz a-raok hag anvet heñvel, gant Waterhouse:
Gather Ye Rosebuds While Ye May (1908)

Gather Ye Rosebuds While Ye May zo un daolenn gant al livour saoz John William Waterhouse e 1908. Awenet eo bet an arzour gant ar varzhoneg To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time, gant Robert Herrick, a grog evel-hen:
Un daolenn all a voe savet bloaz goude hag anvet heñvel, gant Waterhouse:
Reun Kreston

Reun Kreston (René Pierre Joseph Creston er marilhoù-kêr) a zo bet ganet d'ar 25 a viz Here 1898 e Sant-Nazer (Breizh) ha marvet d'an 30 a viz Mae 1964 e Staol (Breizh) a voe un arzour, etnologour, brogarour ha rezistant breizhat. Kendiazezer Unvaniez ar Seiz Breur e voe.
Mab e oa da Joseph Alexandre Creston ha da Marie Augustine Labour. Mont a reas d'ober e studi da skol ar Frered e Ankiniz hag e lise Sant-Nazer. Mont a reas da c'houde da heuliañ kentelioù Skol Vroadel an Arzoù kaer Pariz e 1919.
Breizh eo ma bro !

Breizh eo ma bro ! zo un albom gant meur a arzour oc'h adkemer kanaouennoù brudet eus Breizh, embannet d'an 30 a viz Even 2017.
Tremen 3 800 skouerenn eus ar bladenn a voe gwerzhet e Bro-C'hall er c'hentañ sizhunvezh (niv. 26 an Top Albomoù).
Eost 2006 e Breizh

Kronologiezh vloaziek evit Breizh
2006 e Breizh
Digoret ez eus div skol nevez gant Diwan en Aodoù-an-Arvor, e Louaneg hag er Chapel-Nevez.
Marvet eo ar barzh, skrivagner hag arzour Youenn Gwernig, d'e 81 bloaz, e Douarnenez. Ganet e oa bet e Skaer e 1925.
Kastell Praha (timbroù)

E fin ar Brezel-bed kentañ e voe dismantret Stad Aostria-Hungaria ha roet o frankiz da bobloù niverus an Impalaeriezh. Divizet e voe neuze gant broioù Bohemia, Moravia, Silezia (un darn diouti) ha Slovakia en em unvaniñ ha sevel Tchekoslovakia. Embannet e voe ar Republik nevez d’an 28 a viz Here 1918.
Timbr ebet ne oa bet produet biskoazh en tiriad. Gant Bohemia ha Moravia e veze implijet timbroù Aostria tra ma rae annezidi Slovakia gant timbroù Hungaria.
E-korf tri miz hepken (miz Kerzu) e teuas a-benn melestradurezh ar post da ijinañ un timbr a voe treset gant an arzour Alfons Mucha. Dibabet e oa bet kastell Praha, anvet Hradčany e tchekeg, evit bezañ arouez ar vro nevez ganet. Ur savadur meur, a vent uhel, a weler mat kenañ zoken eus diavaez kêr Praha. En e gichen emañ, war an timbr – a-drugarez da ijin Mucha -, iliz-veur Sant-Pêr hag iliz Sant-Nikolaz. Sevel a ra an heol a-dreñv an iliz-veur evel arouez ganedigezh ur vroad nevez, daoust ma ne sav ket a-dreñv ar c'hastell e gwirionez. Reizhet e voe an dresadenn diwezhatoc'h gant Mucha, dre dennañ an heol (gouloù a weler hepmuiken war timbroù ar bloaz 1919).
Bevennet eo tresadenn ar c’hreiz gant kinkladurioù e doare an Arz Nevez. Hervez Alfons Mucha eo an delioù a gaver er c’hornioù uhelañ arouezioù slavek ar bleuniadur hag an dihun, ar c'halonoù bihan a vefe arouez ar peoc'h, tra ma kan ar c’hilhegi er c'hornioù izelañ pa sav an heol, promesa deizioù nevez.
Mall warno, tapet fall gant an diouer a vinvioù teknikel, an deknikourien o deus graet o seizh gwellañ evit embann an timbroù kentañ. Gros ha digened int moarvat, pa anavezer an timbroù engravet produet e broioù all Europa, da skwer. D'an 18 a viz Kerzu 1918 eo an implij kentañ anavezet eus an timbroù-se. Produet e veze an Hradčany hep kranneladur da gentañ, war baper hep filigran.
Emañ talvoud-gwerzh an timbroù en traoñ, e-barzh un hirgelc’h, met n’eo ket resisaet gant peseurt moneiz e c’heller o frenañ. Dre ma oa ar gouarnamant o prientiñ ul lezenn nevez evit embann ur moneiz nevez e voe dibabet chom hep menegiñ an unanenn voneizel, ha lezel an dud da implij arc’hant Aostria c’hoazh (Haller). An adreizh moneizel a voe kaset da benn etre ar 25 a viz C'hwevrer hag an 9 a viz Meurzh 1919, ha goude-se e voe merket holl dalvoudoù-gwerzh an timbroù-post e halerioù tchekoslovak hep dreistmoullañ anezho.
Daou heuliad disheñvel zo bet embannet, a c'haller rannañ e pemp rummad. Er rummad kentañ (seurtoù A, B) eo renket an enskrivadur Pošta Česko-Slovenská war an tuoù hag en nec'h, tra ma'z eo renket an enskrivadur Česko-Slovenská en eil rummad (seurtoù C, D, E) war ur renk dindan ar c’hastell. Disheñvelderioù bihan a zo gant ar seurtoù disheñvel, ha fazioù zo ivez, en o zouez fazioù ha direizhderioù degaset gant plakennoù moullañ fazius. Nebeutoc'h a gemmoù a c'haller kavout war an timbroù nevesañ, pa'z eas war wellaat tamm-ha-tamm labour an arzourien, an engraverien hag ar voullerien.
En holl ez eus 26 timbr diazez gant ugent talvoudegezh.
Listennad lavaredoù latin

Multae clarae locutiones latinae hic inveniuntur.. / Kalz frazennoù latin brudet a gavor amañ.
Degemer a ran an diougan".
Pa gouezho Roma e kouezho ar bed ivez". Berradur eus Quandiu stabit coliseus, stabit et Roma ; quando cadet coliseus, cadet et Roma ; quando cadet Roma, cadet et mundus "Keit ha ma chomo ar C'holize e chomo Roma ; pa gouezho ar C’holize e kouezho Roma ; pa gouezo Roma e kouezho ar bed". — Beda Venerabilis.
Pascal Jaouen

Pascal Jaouen, bet ganet d'an 19 a viz Mae 1962 e Kemperle, mamm eus Brieg ha tad eus Sant-Turian, a zo broder, stilour, kelenner war ar broderezh ha rener Skol Vroderezh-Arz Kemper, bet savet gantañ e 1995. Desket en deus brodañ gant Viviane Hélias hag e-barzh Skol Lesage. Awenet e oa da gentañ gant krefen ha livioù broderezh ar Vro C'hlazig.
Evezh a oa bet sachet warnañ e 1995 pa ziskouezas e Bayeux ar Pallenn eus ar Reter a oa bet brodet gantañ e Galiza.
E miz Mae 2011 e voe digoret e gentañ stal dilhad cheuc'h prest-da-wiskañ e Brest.
Broderezh

Broderezh a reer eus obererezh brodañ, da lavarout eo kaeraat dilhad pe lien dre wriat neud liesliv warno gant un nadoz pe ur c'hroched en ur heuliañ patrom un dresadenn. Mekanikoù-da-vrodañ a vez fardet hiziv.
Ouzhpenn d'an neudennoù, ha drezho, e vez lakaet a-wechoù traezoù evel mein prizius, pailhour, perlez, sekinoù, hag all.
Unan eus labourioù broderezh koshañ eo pallenn-moger Bayeux, a voe brodet en XI kantved.
Embroidery thread

Embroidery thread is yarn that is manufactured or hand-spun specifically for embroidery and other forms of needlework. Embroidery thread often differs widely, coming in many different fiber types, colors and weights.
Threads for hand embroidery include:
Threads for machine embroidery are usually of polyester or rayon (less often cotton or silk).
Threads, like textiles, can contain compounds that may be harmful to humans. Many dyes have been shown to be allergenic and in some cases carcinogenic. Testing for the presence of these dyes, and other residual substances, can be done at many commercial laboratories.
Certification to the Oeko-tex standard may also be applied for. This tests the component for over 100 different chemicals and certifies the component according to human ecological safety.
List of French artists

The following is a chronological list of French artists working in visual or plastic media (plus, for some artists of the 20th century, performance art). For alphabetical lists, see the various subcategories of Category:French artists. See other articles for information on French literature, French music, French cinema and French culture.
See also French Baroque and Classicism, Louis XIII of France, Cardinal Richelieu, Baroque, Louis XIV of France, Palace of Versailles, Classicism
See also Palace of Versailles, Louis XV of France, Madame de Pompadour, Rococo, Louis XVI of France, Neoclassicism, Enlightenment, Gobelins. For art criticism, see Denis Diderot
See also French Revolution, Napoleon I, Romanticism, Barbizon school, Naturalism, Symbolism, Impressionism, Academic art, Napoleon III of France, Photography, Modernism
See also Modern art, Modernism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Les Nabis, Fauvism, Symbolism, Symbolist painters, Art Nouveau, Primitivism
See also Post-Impressionism, Modern art, Modernism, Cubism, Puteaux Group, Dada, Surrealism
Overlord Embroidery

The Overlord Embroidery, echoing the Bayeux Tapestry created 900 years before to commemorate the reverse invasion of England from Normandy, is a narrative embroidery that depicts the story of the D-Day Landings of 6 June 1944 and the subsequent Battle of Normandy. The story is told across 34 hand stitched panels running in total to 83 metres in length. The embroidery was created between 1968 and 1974, and is now on permanent display at The D-Day Story, Southsea, Portsmouth.
The piece was commissioned by Lord Dulverton in 1968 and made by the Royal School of Needlework from designs by artist Sandra Lawrence.
In a speech delivered on 6 June 1978 Lord Dulverton described his motivation behind the commission.
Lord Dulverton established a committee which included retired senior officers to advise on the project. In preparing her designs Sandra Lawrence studied archive photographs as research. Her subsequent sketches were then submitted to the committee for approval. After approval, she would then paint a colour version to the same size as the planned embroidery panel (2.4x0.9 metres). Then she would then use tracing paper to record the outlines of all the details. The original paintings from the design stage hang at the Pentagon, Washington D.C.
The team from the Royal School of Needlework used the technique called appliqué to bring the designs to life. Then attached to linen using a method known as pricking and pouncing. That is pricking thousands of tiny holes in a tracing paper template, placing them on a panel and applying a fine powder known as pounce. This makes a trail of dots which are joined with a pencil to reveal the design.
The embroidery was completed in January 1974. Since 1984 it has been housed in the D-Day Museum (now renamed The D-Day Story) in Southsea, Portsmouth.
The embroidery tells the story of Operation Overlord, which was the code name for the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944. The narrative begins well before the invasion, with war-time production and The Blitz. It continues through the entry of the United States into the war, and the planning and preparation of the invasion. The majority of the work covers the crossing of the English Channel by the invasion fleet and the combat once the troops landed on the French coast. The embroidery ends with a scene of British infantry advancing as German troops retreat across the Seine.
There are 34 panels which together measure 83 metres (272 feet) in length. The Overlord Embroidery is one of the longest works of its kind in the world, at 10 metres (33 feet) longer than the Bayeux Tapestry, but shorter than the Prestonpans Tapestry. Twenty embroiderers worked for five years to create the embroidery. Battledress khaki and gold braid were appliquéd onto the panels.
Sabine Desvallières

Sabine Desvallières (22 February 1891– 16 February 1935), also known as Sœur Marie de la Grâce, was a French embroidery artist and Catholic nun.
Born into a family of artists in Paris on 22 February 1891, Sabine Desvallières was the daughter of the celebrated painter George Desvallières and his wife Marguerite Lefebvre, a piano pupil of César Franck. During her childhood, she learned art from her family. She later completed her training with the embroidery artist Blanche Ory-Robin, who introduced her to needle painting.
Desvallières began creating works of art when still young, regularly exhibiting at the Salon d'Automne, where she presented a fireplace screen in 1912 and velvet curtains in 1913. Like the other members of her family, she was devastated by the death of her brother Daniel in the First World War (March 1915). This caused her to turn to religion and to join the association of Catholic painters known as l'Arche, founded by the painters Valentine Reyre and Maurice Storez.
She then focused on embroidery, especially in connection with religious vestments and altar coverings, presenting her works at the "Art religieux" section of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts and, from 1922, at the Salon d'Automne.
In 1926, she was commissioned to create works for the Poor Clares Convent at Mazamet. On 20 September, she entered the convent as a postulant, taking the name of Sister Marie de la Grâce on 7 May 1927. She later founded a workshop for making chasubles at the Ateliers d'Art Sacré created by her father in 1919 gether with Maurice Denis, a French painter and decorative artist.
On several occasions, she exhibited her religious embroidery works at the Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris, Salon d'Automne and Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts.
Sabine Desvallières died at the Sainte-Claire Monastery in Mazamet on 16 February 1935.
Zardozi

Zardozi, or zar-douzi or zarduzi (from Classical Persian زَردوزی zardōzī, literally "gold embroidery"; Modern Persian: زَردوزی, romanized: zarduzi; Hindi: ज़रदोज़ी, Tajik: зардӯзӣ, Urdu: زردوزی, Uzbek: zardoʻzi), is an Iranian, Indian-subcontinent and Central Asian embroidery type. Zardozi comes from two Persian words: zar or zarin meaning 'gold', and dozi meaning 'sewing'. Zardozi is a type of heavy and elaborate metal embroidery on a silk, satin, or velvet fabric base. Zardozi embroidery uses a wide variety of gold and silver embellishments such as: flat metal wires, spangles, coiled wires, heavy wires, and twisted wires. Designs are often created using gold and silver threads and can incorporate pearls, beads, and precious stones. It is used as decoration for a wide range of applications, including clothes, household textiles, and animal trappings. Historically, it was used to adorn the walls of royal tents, scabbards, wall hangings and the paraphernalia of regal elephants and horses.
Initially, the embroidery was done with pure silver wires and real gold leaves. However, today, craftsmen make use of a combination of copper wire, with a golden or silver polish, and silk thread.
Zardozi is an important handicraft in Persian culture. It is known around the country by names such as zar-douzi (Persian: زردوزی), kam-douzi (Persian: کم‌دوزی), gol-douzi (Persian: گل‌دوزی) and kaman-douzi (Persian: کمان‌دوزی). Nowadays it is more popular in Hormozgan, especially in Bandar-e Lenge, Bandar-e Abbas, and Minab.
Persian zardozi is of three kinds:
As an embroidery, zardozi was first used in the 14th century. It prospered during the 17th century during the reign of the Mughal empire, but later a loss of royal patronage and industrialization led to its decline. The craft began to experience a resurgence in popularity following India's independence in 1947.
The majority of zardozi workers are Muslim. Zardozi and chikan were historically favored by Muslim elites; products made in these styles symbolized wealth, power and status. This craft is practiced throughout India, from major cities like Kolkata, Delhi, and Mumbai to smaller centers such as Agra, Bareilly, and Farrukhabad. Common to zardozi production in these diverse places is its association with an 'Islamicate,' particularly Mughal, courtly culture and a perceived Muslim aesthetic. Today, zardozi is also popular in the cities of Lucknow, Hyderabad, Chennai and Bhopal. In 2013, the Geographical Indication Registry (GIR) accorded Geographical Indication (GI) registration to the Lucknow zardozi. With GI status, zardozi artisans, distributors, and retailers in Lucknow and the six surrounding districts of Barabanki, Unnao, Sitapur, Rae Bareli, Hardoi and Amethi can become authorized users of the "Lucknow zardozi" brand and carry a unique mark of authenticity.
Zardozi is a popular embroidery choice across Pakistan especially for wedding or formal wear, with artisans and couture houses alike producing clothing with zardozi work
Zardozi has also been present in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan since ancient times.
Broderie anglaise

Broderie anglaise (French, "English embroidery", pronounced [bʁɔdʁi ɑ̃ɡlɛz]) is a whitework needlework technique incorporating features of embroidery, cutwork and needle lace that became associated with England, due to its popularity there in the 19th century.
Broderie anglaise is characterized by patterns composed of round or oval holes, called eyelets, which are cut out of the fabric, then bound with overcast or buttonhole stitches. The patterns, often depicting flowers, leaves, vines, or stems, are further delineated by simple embroidery stitches made on the surrounding material. Later broderie anglaise also featured small patterns worked in satin stitch.
The technique originated in 16th century eastern Europe—probably in what is now the Czech Republic—but remains associated with England because of its popularity there during the 19th century. In the Victorian era, broderie anglaise typically had open areas in many sizes. Transfers were used first to lay out the design on the material. In some cases, the holes were punched out with an embroidery stiletto before finishing the edge; in other cases, the fabric was embroidered first, and the hole was cut afterwards, with scissors. Beginning in the 1870s, the designs and techniques of broderie anglaise could be copied by the Swiss hand-embroidery and schiffli embroidery machines. Today, most broderie anglaise is created by machine.
Madeira work is a popular form of broderie anglaise associated with artisans on Madeira, a group of Portuguese islands off the coast of Africa.
Chikankari, first recorded in the 16th century in Persia and India, involves intricate needlework with openwork and embroidery. Both techniques use specialised tools to punch holes in the fabric, allowing for the creation of intricate patterns. In Chikankari, a stitch called "Hool" exemplifies this, using a fine detached eyelet stitch where a hole is punched in the fabric and the threads are teased apart.
Broderie anglaise was extremely popular in England between 1840 and 1880 for women's underclothing and children's wear. The 1950s saw a resurgence in popularity, when it was frequently used to trim dresses and underwear. In 1959, Brigitte Bardot wore a dress of gingham and broderie anglaise for her wedding to Jacques Charrier.
In contemporary western fashion, it has been featured on a wide variety of modern garments such as shorts and even t-shirts. It has been characterized as "lace, but scaled-up" making it more robust and suited to daytime wear, and less associated with the fine, lacy look of lingerie.
List of Italian Renaissance female artists

List of Italian Renaissance female artists (Italian: Le donne pittrici del Rinascimento italiano) included painters, manuscript illustrators and sculptors who lived in Italy in 15-16th centuries.
For other countries see List of 16th-century women artists.
More than 25 women active in 20 cities from Venice to Naples have been recorded as artists during the Cinquecento. Most were painters, but 2 were called intagliatrici, 4 (all Milanesi) ricamatrici, Properzia De'Rossi was the sole scultrice.
राग जौनपुरी

राग जौनपुरी हा भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीतातील एक राग आहे.
त्याला जीवनपुरी असेही म्हणले जाते. सुलतान शर्की हे अमीर खुश्रू यांचे शिष्य होते त्यांनी ह्या रागाची निर्मिती केली असे म्हणतात.
घूंघट के पट खोल तोहे पिया मिलेंगे (कबीराचे भजन)
जायें तो जायें कहॉं, समझेगा कौन यहॉं (टॅक्सी ड्रायव्हर)
देवा तुझा मी सोनार (अभंग, संत नरहरी सोनार, संगीत यशवंत देव , गायक - रामदास कामत)
तुझे रूप चित्ती राहो (चित्रपट - संत गोरा कुंभार, गीत- ग. दि. माडगुळकर, संगीत आणि गायक - सुधीर फडके)
दिल में हो तुम ऑंखों मे तुम (चित्रपट - सत्यमेव जयते)
पायल की झंकार बैरनिया (भीमसेन जोशी)
सोनाली कुलकर्णी

सोनाली कुलकर्णी ह्या एक मराठी चित्रपट अभिनेत्री आहेत. त्यांचा जन्म पुणे येथे झाला. त्यांनी मराठी आणि हिंदी चित्रपटांमध्ये काम केलेले आहे. दोघी​​, देऊळ, दिल चाहता है, सिंघम, आणि टॅक्सी नं. ९२११ मधल्या त्यांच्या भूमिका प्रसिद्ध आहेत.
सोनाली कुलकर्णी यांनी सो कूल या पुस्तकाचे लेखन केले आहे.
इंग्रजी, इटालियन, बंगाली, मराठी, तामीळ, तेलगू, हिंदी भाषांतील सुमारे ८० चित्रपटांत सोनाली कुलकर्णी यांनी कामे केली आहेत.
ऑगस्ट १२

ऑगस्ट १२ हा ग्रेगरी दिनदर्शिकेनुसार वर्षातील २२४ वा किंवा लीप वर्षात २२५ वा दिवस असतो.
ऑगस्ट १० - ऑगस्ट ११ - ऑगस्ट १२ - ऑगस्ट १३ - ऑगस्ट १४ - ऑगस्ट महिना
डन्झो

डन्झो ही एक भारतीय ऑनलाइन कंपनी आहे जी बेंगळुरू, दिल्ली, गुरुग्राम, पुणे, चेन्नई, जयपूर, मुंबई आणि हैदराबाद येथे सेवा पुरवते. तसेच ही कंपनी गुरुग्राममध्ये बाइक टॅक्सी सेवा देखील चालवते. त्याचे मुख्यालय बेंगळुरू, भारत येथे आहे. २०१७ मध्ये या कंपनीला गूगल द्वारे वित्तपुरवठा मिळाला होता. २०१४ मध्ये सहसंस्थापक अंकुर अग्रवाल, दलवीर सूरी आणि मुकुंद झा यांच्यासमवेत कबीर विश्वास यांनी याची स्थापना केली.
मुंबई विद्यापीठाचे माजी विद्यार्थी कबीर विश्वास यांनी जुलै २०१४ मध्ये डन्झोची स्थापना केली होती. डून्जोपूर्वी, कबीरने हॉपप्रॉप नावाची कंपनी स्थापन केली, जी २०१४ मध्ये हायक कंपनीने विकत घेतली. डन्झो एक छोटा व्हॉट्सॲप ग्रुप म्हणून सुरू झाला आणि त्याचे हायपरलोकल, अ‍ॅप-आधारित सेवेमध्ये रूपांतर झाले.
गूंज इंडियाचे एमडी राजन आनंदन आणि संदीपान चट्टोपाडे यांच्यासह अन्य गुंतवणूकदारांसमवेत डन्झोने मार्च २०१६ मध्ये ब्लूम वेंचर्स, ॲस्पाडा वेंचर्सकडून ६५० हजार अमेरिकन डॉलर्सची रक्कम पहिल्या टप्प्यातील उभारली.
डिसेंबर २०१७ मध्ये, डन्झोने गूगल कडून नव्याने फेरीत १२ दशलक्ष डॉलर्स प्राप्त केले, विद्यमान गुंतवणूकदार, ब्ल्यू वेंचर्स आणि ॲस्पाडा या फेरीत सहभागी झाले होते. भारतातील स्टार्टअपमध्ये गूगलची ही पहिली थेट गुंतवणूक होती.
२९ ऑगस्ट २०१९ रोजी डन्झोने विद्यमान गुंतवणूकदार अल्टेरिया कॅपिटलला डिबेंचर्स आणि सीरिज सी १ प्राधान्य समभाग जारी करून ३४.५६ कोटी निधी जमा केला.
मे २०२० पर्यंत डन्झोने पेप्सिको कंपनीशी भागिदारी केली. पेप्सिको एफएमसीजी क्षेत्रात एक प्रमुख नावाजलेला ब्रँड आहे. या भागीदारी मध्ये ले आणि कुरकुरे ग्राहकांना दारात वितरीत करण्यासाठीची तरतूद होती. ही सेवा बंगळुरू मध्ये सुरू झाले. कोविड- १९ या साथीच्या रोगामुळे असलेल्या लॉकडाउन मध्ये सेवा थेट-ग्राहकाला देण्याच्या पुढाकाराचाठी मदत झाली.
त्याच महिन्यात, किराणा आणि औषध वितरण, बाईक पूल, पिकअप-एंड-ड्रॉपसह अन्य सेवांमध्ये प्रदान करण्यासाठी डिजिटल पेमेंट अ‍ॅप गूगल-पे ने भागीदारी केली.
वाराणसी जंक्शन रेल्वे स्थानक

वाराणसी जंक्शन हे भारताच्या उत्तर प्रदेशच्या वाराणसी शहरामधील प्रमुख रेल्वे स्थानक आहे. दिल्ली-कोलकाता ह्या भारतामधील सर्वात वर्दळीच्या रेल्वे मार्गावर स्थित असलेले हे स्थानक भारताच्या सर्व मोठ्या शहरांसोबत जोडले गेले आहे. दिल्लीकडून बिहार, झारखंड, पश्चिम बंगाल तसेच ईशान्य भारताकडे धावणाऱ्या गाड्या बहुतेक सर्व गाड्या येथे थांबतात.
भारत देशातील उत्तर प्रदेश राज्यातील हे एक भारतीय रेल्वेचे केंद्र आहे व हे वाराणशी कँण्टोंनमेंट रेल्वे स्थानक या नावाने प्रसिद्ध आहे. या स्टेशन मध्ये ९ प्लॅटफॉर्म आणि १३ ट्रॅक्स आहेत. या स्टेशनचे जवळच प्रिपेड ऑटो कम टॅक्सी स्टँड आहे. येथे पार्किंग व्यवस्था आहे. या स्टेशनचा कोड BSB आहे. उत्तर पूर्व रेल्वेच्या वाराणसी विभागाचे मुख्यालय येथेच आहे.
भारतीय रेल्वेच्या उत्तर रेल्वे विभागातील लखनऊ विभागाकडे या स्टेशनचे कांही भागाचे व्यवस्थापन नियंत्रण आहे आणि उत्तर पूर्व विभागाचे वाराणशी विभागाकडे कांही भागाचे व्यवस्थापन नियंत्रण आहे. पूर्वीच्या रेल्वे मंत्री मा. ममता बॅनर्जी यांनी या रेल्वे स्थानकची जागतिक विकसनशील नियोजन (डेवलपमेंट प्रोजेक्ट) मध्ये समावेश केला.
डिसेंबर १८६२ मध्ये हावडा स्टेशन ते बनारस ही पहिली रेल्वे लाइन अस्तित्वात आली होती. ईस्ट इंडियन रेल्वे कंपनीच्या जॉर्ज टर्नबुल या मुख्य अभियंत्यांनी ही रेल्वे लाइन मार्गे (व्हाया) बांदेल, बरद्वान, राजमहल आणि पाटणा असी ५४१ कि.मी. रेल्वे लाइन नियोजित केली आणि तयार केली. हा मार्ग गंगाकाठचा सपाट प्रदेश, त्यात कांही टेकड्या समविष्ट आहेत कारण त्यानंतर जुनी रेल्वे इंजिन उपलब्ध होतात. रेल्वे स्थानक गंगा नदीचे पूर्व तीरावर बांधलेले होते.
सन १८७२ मध्ये औद्ध आणि रोहिलखंड रेल्वे कंपनी ने बनारस ते लखनऊ ही रेल्वे लाइन चालू केली. सन १८८७ मध्ये बनारस येथे गंगा नदीवर डुफ्फेरिण ब्रिज बांधला त्यामुळे मुघलसराई पर्यंत ट्रेन ये जा करू लागल्या. सन १९७५-७७ या काळात कमलापती त्रिपाठी रेल्वे मंत्री होते तेव्हा सध्याच्या रेल्वे स्थानकची इमारत बांधलेली आहे. सन १९९८ मध्ये नितीश कुमार रेल्वे मंत्री होते तेव्हा त्यांनी कँण्टांनमेंट बाजू उपयोगात आणली. सन २००८ मध्ये बाकी भागाचा विकास केला.
वाराणसी कँटोन्मेंट रेल्वे स्थानक मध्ये ऑटोमेटेड सिग्नलिंग सिस्टम सह आधुनिक रूट इंटर्लॉक सिस्टम सुविधा आहे.
डिझायर नेम्ड डेव्हलपमेंट

सदरील पुस्तक, भारतीय लेखक आदित्य निगम यांनी लिहिली आहे. या पुस्तकाचे प्रकाशन पेंग्विन बुक्स इंडिया यांनी २०११ साली मध्ये केले. मूलतः हे पुस्तक ग्राहकहितामुळे भारतातल्या आर्थिक व्यवस्थेवर काय परिणाम झाले आहेत याची मांडणी करते. शेतकरी वर्गाची उद्योगीकरणासंबंधी प्रतिक्रिया, खाजगी उद्योजकांमुळे होणारा नेसर्गिक साधन संपतीचा विनाश आणि याचबरोबर आधुनिक अर्थशास्त्राची व्याख्या काय आहे, हेही या पुस्तकात सांगितले आहे.
सदरील पुस्तक खालील विषयांवर चर्चा साधत आहे.
अन्न आणि वस्त्र या दोन गरजाही भागवू न शकणाऱ्या भारतासारख्या विशाल देशात लोकांना विदेशांतील लोक असे उच्च जीवनमान जगतात असा भास निर्माण करून तुम्ही त्यांच्याप्रमाणे जगा, आम्ही तुम्हाला हव्या त्या वस्तू पुरवू असे म्हणून येथील उद्योगिकीकरणवाल्यांनी भारतीय लोकांना ग्राहक बनवले आहे.
मागील दोन दशकात भारतीय लोकांनी पाश्चिमात्यांचे अंधानुकरण केल्यामुळे येथील लोकांच्या इच्छा मोठ्या प्रमाणात वाढल्या आहेत. भारतातील लोकांना त्यांच्या इच्छा पूर्ण करण्यासाठी ज्या सोयींची येथे गरजही नाही अशा सोयी नवीन उद्योगिकीकरणाने उपलब्ध केल्या आहेत. उलट त्यामुळे येथील पर्यावरणाचे गंभीर प्रश्न निर्माण झाले आहेत.
ज्यांच्याकडे सुखउपभोग्य वस्तू जास्त ते श्रीमंत ही कल्पना जपण्यासाठी अमेरिकेसारख्या देशात वाहन निर्मितीसारखे मोठे मोठे कारखाने उभे राहिले. पण हे उद्योग चालवताना त्यातूनच इंधन व उर्जा यांचे संकट उभे राहिले. मग जास्तीत जास्त इंधन निर्मितीसाठी त्यांनी पर्यावरणाची मोठ्या प्रमाणात हानी करून जैविक इंधने शोधली.
स्वतःचा फायदा पाहणारे उद्योजक एखाद्या उद्योग उभारताना लोकांसाठी उद्योग कसा फायद्याचा आहे असा भास निर्माण करतात उदाहरणार्थ भारतातील नॅनो कार उद्योग.(?? नॅनोमुळे जनतेचा अमूल्य फायदा झाला आहे. इतका की तो पाश्चिमात्यांच्या डोळ्यावर आला.)
लोकांचा उद्योगीकरणाला विरोध होऊ नये यासाठी त्यांना ते उद्योग आपल्या देशासाठी आणि जनतेसाठी कसे फायदेशीर आहेत असे सांगून दिशाभूल केली जाते.
लोकांना उद्योगीकरणाचे फक्त फायदे सांगून त्यांना देशाभिमानासारख्या अस्मितेशी जोडल्यामुळे भारतात एक दोन घटना सोडल्या तर उद्योगीकरणाला फार विरोध झाला नाही.
एखाद्या देशात उद्योग उभारले म्हणजे औद्योगिक क्रांती घडून आली नाही, तर सर्व देशांत उद्योग उभे राहत आहेत म्हणून औद्योगिक क्रांती घडत आहे..
सध्याचे उद्योगीकरणवाले आधुनिक कालिदासाप्रमाणे वागत आहेत. ज्या देशांचा वापर करून ते मोठे झाले आहेत त्यांचेच ते नुकसान करत आहेत. उदाहरणार्थ अमेरिका ज्या आखाती देशातील खनिज उद्योगातून मोठी झाली त्यांच्याबरोबरच युद्ध करत आहे.
माणसांच्या अनियंत्रित गरजांयातून नैसर्गिक साधनसंपत्तीची मोठ्या प्रमाणात हानी होत आहे, यामुळे अनेक समस्या निर्माण झाल्या आहेत. पण आपण जर आपल्या इच्छा कमी केल्या आणि गरजा आटोक्यात आल्या तर येथील समस्याही कमी होतील आणि एका चांगल्या जगाची निर्मिती होईल
फेमिनिस्ट कन्सेप्ट पेट्रिआर्की स्त्री अभ्यास (बायकी कल्पना)
आगगाडी

आगगाडी हे लोखंडी रुळांवरून चालणारे आणि वाहतुकीसाठी वापरले जाणारे एक वाहन आहे. एकापाठीमागे एक अश्या पद्धतीने अनेक डबे जुंपलेल्या व रुळांवरून धावत माल व प्रवाशांना एका ठिकाणाहून दुसऱ्या ठिकाणापर्यंत वाहून नेणाऱ्या वाहनाला आगगाडी म्हणतात. हे रूळ बहुधा पोलादी असतात व काटकोनात बसवलेल्या लाकडी, कॉंक्रीट किंवा लोखंडी पट्टयांना जखडलेले असतात. या पट्टया जमिनीवर असतात.
पूर्वी रेल्वेगाड्या कोळशाच्या इंधनावर चालत. कोळसा जाळून त्यातून मिळणाऱ्या ऊर्जेवर रेल्वेगाडीचा पुढील डबा(इंजिन) इतर डब्यांना ओढू शके. या प्रक्रियेत धूर निर्माण होत असे व त्यामुळे या वाहनाला आगगाडी असे म्हणू लागले. आज बहुतेक रेल्वेगाड्या डिझेल, पेट्रोल व वीज इत्यादी इंधनावर चालतात, तरीपण त्यांना आगगाडीच म्हणतात.
ब्रिटिश इंजिनियर जॉर्ज स्टीफन्सन (१७८१ - १८४८)यांनी रेल्वेचा शोध लावला. १८१४ मध्ये स्टीफन्सन यांनी बनवलेली आगगाडी रुळावरून धावू लागली. ती आगगाडी वाफेच्या इंजिनवर चालणारी होती, त्या इंजिनाचं नाव 'ब्लूचर' असं होतं. त्यानंतर त्यांनी गाडी ओढणारं इंजिन बनवलं त्याचं नाव होतं 'लोकोमोटिव्ह', १९२९ मद्धे त्यांचा मुलगा रॉबर्ट याच्या मदतीने, 'रॉकेट' नावाचं वाफेवर चालणारं व डबे ओढणारं इंजिन तयार केलं, हेच इंजिन लिव्हरपूल ते मॅंचेस्टर या जगातल्या पहिल्या रेल्वेमार्गावर पॅसेंजर गाडी चालवण्यासाठी निवडलं गेलं.रेल्वे साहित्यामधूनच जनसंपर्क हा हा शब्द उदयास आले.
रेल्वे इंजिन

रेल्वे इंजिन हे रेल्वे वाहतूकीसाठी वापरले जाणारे वाहन आहे. एक रेल्वेगाडी वाहून नेण्यासाठी किमान एका इंजिनाची आवश्यकता असते. बरेचदा इंजिन रेल्वेच्या पुढे असते व गाडी ओढण्याची क्रिया करते तर काही वेळा रेल्वेच्या मागे जोडलेले इंजिन गाडी ढकलते. ओढायला एक व ढकलायला एक अशी एका रेल्वेला दुहेरी इंजिनेदेखील आढळतात (उदा. मुंबई-पुणे प्रवासादरम्यान कर्जतहून लोणावळ्याला जाणाऱ्या प्रवासी रेल्वे गाड्या).
इंजिने विविध प्रकारची उर्जा वापरून चालवली जाउ शकतात. उर्जेवर चालणाऱ्या इंजिनांचा शोध लागण्यापूर्वी रेल्वे वाहतूकीसाठी मनुष्य किंवा घोडे वापरले जत असत. जगातील सर्वात पहिले कोळशावर चालणारे वाफेचे इंजिन रिचर्ड ट्रेव्हिथिक ह्या कॉर्निश संशोधकाने बनवले. त्यानंतर नजीकच्या काळात इंग्लंडमधे सालामान्का, पफिंग बिली, द रॉकेट ह्यांसारखी अनेक इंजिने बनवण्यात आली. १८३० साली वाफेच्या इंजिनावर जगातील सर्वात पहिली आंतरशहरी रेल्वे मॅंचेस्टर व लिव्हरपूल ह्या शहरांदरम्यान धावली.
भंडारा

भंडारा शहर हे महाराष्ट्रातील भंडारा जिल्ह्याचे प्रशासकीय मुख्यालय आहे. हे शहर उत्तर अक्षांश २१.१७ आणि पूर्व रेखांश ७९.६५ येथे आहे. या शहराला ब्रास सिटी अणि भाताचा जिल्हा असेही म्हणतात.
राष्ट्रीय महामार्ग क्रमांक ६ हा या भंडारा शहरातून जातो. वैनगंगा नदी व सूर नदी या दोन नद्यांनी हे शहर त्रिभागले आहे. शहरालगतच्या परिसरात अशोक लेलॅन्ड, सनफ्लॅग आयर्न अँड स्टील फॅक्टरी, ऑर्डनन्स फॅक्टरी या सारखे उद्योग आहेत. सारख्या येणाऱ्या पुरामुळे शहराला चहूबाजूंनी प्रोटेक्शन भिंतींनी घेरले आहे.भंडारा जिल्हात महासमाधी भूमी , कोरंभी मंदिर असे अनेक स्थळे बघण्यासारखे आहेत
भंडाऱ्याचे तापमान प्रत्येक ऋतूत अगदी टोकाचे असते. उन्हाळ्यात जास्तीत जास्त ४५ अंश सेल्सियस आणि हिवाळ्यात कमीत-कमी ८ अंश सेल्सियस तापमान असते..
२०११साली झालेलया जनगणनेमध्ये, भंडारा शहराची लोकसंख्या ११,९८,८१० होती. त्यांत पुरुष ५१% व महिला ४९% होत्या. भंडारा येथे सरासरी साक्षरता दर ८०% आहे हा. ७४.०४% या राष्ट्रीय सरासरी पेक्षा किंचित जास्त आहे. शहरातील ८५% पुरुष आणि ७५% स्त्रिया साक्षर आहेत. भंडारा शहरात ६ वर्षे किंवा त्याहून लहान वयाच्या मुलांची संख्या एकूण लोकसंख्येच्या ११% आहे.
सन २०११ च्या जनगणनेच्या तुलनेत त्यात ५.६५ % इतकी वाढ झाली आहे.
अशोक लेलॅंड (जड वाहन निर्माता), सनफ्लॅग (लोखंड आणि स्टील कंपनी), आयुध कारखाना, एलोरा पेपर मिल आणि मॅंगेनिझ माती खाणी येथे आहेत. व्हिडीओकॉन इंटरनॅशनलचा इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स हा प्रस्तावित कारखाना भंडाराशहरा जवळच होणार आहे. (२०१७ची स्थिती). शहरामधून एक रेल्वे लाईन जाते, ती पूर्वी आयुध निर्माण कारखान्यासाठी किवा सनफ्लॅग या उद्योगांसाठी वापरली जात होती.
भंडारा शहरात एक पुरातन किल्ला आहे. तो पांडे घराण्याचा असून त्याला पांडे महल असे म्हंटले जाते. तेथे दरवर्षी गणेशोत्सव साजरा केला जातो. हा महाल पर्यटकाना पहायला सुद्धा उघडा असतो.
बहिरंगेश्वर मंदिर हे अजून एक पुरातन मंदिर शहरात आहे. बहिरंगेश्वर मंदिरात महाशिवरातीचा उत्सव होतो. त्यावेळी तेथे संपूर्ण जिल्ह्यातील भाविक उपस्थित असतात. मंदिर पुरातन असल्यामुळे बहरंगेश्वर मंदिराला अनेक लोक ग्रामदेवता मानतात. खांब तलाव हा ऐतिहासिक तलाव बहिरंगेश्वर मंदिराच्या बाजूला आहे तिथे तलावामधोमध एक खांब आहे. हा खांब ऐतिहासिक आहे असे मानले जाते.
भंडारा शहरात एक शंभर वर्षापेक्षा जुने सार्वजनिक वाचनालय आहे.
गांधी चौकात उभारलेला १२१ फूट उंच तिरंगा हे भंडारा शहरातले एक आकर्षण आहे. शास्त्री मैदानावर होणारा दसरा, रावणदहन हे दरवर्षीचे आकर्षण असते.
आयशर मोटर्स

आयशर मोटर्स लिमिटेड ही एक भारतीय बहुराष्ट्रीय ऑटोमोटिव्ह कंपनी आहे जी मोटारसायकल आणि व्यावसायिक वाहने बनवते, ज्याचे मुख्यालय नवी दिल्ली येथे आहे. आयशर ही रॉयल एनफिल्डची मूळ कंपनी आहे, जी मिडलवेट मोटारसायकली बनवणारी कंपनी आहे.
कंपनीची उत्पत्ती १९४८ पासून झाली, जेव्हा गुडअर्थ कंपनीची स्थापना आयात केलेल्या ट्रॅक्टरच्या वितरण आणि सेवेसाठी करण्यात आली. १९५९ मध्ये, आयशर ट्रॅक्टर कंपनीची स्थापना करण्यात आली. १९६५ पासून, आयशर पूर्णपणे भारतीय भागधारकांच्या मालकीची आहे.
Agra Fort railway station

Agra Fort railway station, is located near Agra Fort, in Rawatpara, Agra. It used to be one of the stations in India that had both broad gauge and metre gauge, until the line to Jaipur was converted to broad gauge. Agra Fort railway station comes under the North Central Railways.
Agra, the 16-17th century capital of the Mughals, is home to monuments such as the Taj Mahal and Agra Fort. The Taj Mahal attracts 7–8 million tourists annually. About 0.8 million foreign tourists visit it.
The 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)-wide metre-gauge Delhi–Bandikui and Bandikui–Agra lines of Rajputana State Railway were opened in 1874. The Agra–Jaipur line was converted to 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge in 2005.
There was a spacious, octagonal Tripolia Chowk which existed between the Jama Masjid and the Delhi gate of the Agra Fort. This Tripolia was destroyed in order to create the Agra Fort railway station, which was also the first railway station of Agra and also one of the oldest in the country.
The station boasts five platforms, catering to various train routes
. It offers essential amenities for travelers, including:
Agra Fort railway station is well-connected to major cities across India. Some key distances from the station to popular attractions and transport hubs include:
Various modes of local transport are available from the station, including:
There are numerous hotels and accommodations available near Agra Fort railway station, catering to different budgets and preferences. Some popular options within a 2–3 km radius include:
Agra Fort railway station not only serves as a transportation hub but also as a gateway to the rich cultural heritage of Agra. Its proximity to major historical sites makes it an integral part of the tourist infrastructure in the city. Changes made to enhance the article:
The Faridabad–Mathura–Agra section was electrified in 1982–85, Tundla–Yamuna Bridge in 1988–89 and Yamuna Bridge–Agra in 1990–91.
Agra Fort railway station serves around 87,000 passengers every day.
Agra Fort railway station has a telephone booth, a waiting room, a refreshment room, water coolers and a book stall.
Taxis, auto-rickshaws and cycle-rickshaws are available for local movement. The Taj Mahal 3.8 km, the Agra Fort 0.9 km, the Sikandra 10.4 km, the Mankameshwar Temple 0.15 km, the Fatehpur Sikri 38 km, and the Agra Airport 3.8 km.
Tiruchchirappalli Junction railway station

Tiruchchirappalli Junction railway station (also known as Trichy Junction railway station)(station code: TPJ) is an NSG–2 category Indian railway station in Tiruchirappalli railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a junction station in Tiruchirappalli of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the only railway station to host diesel–electric multiple unit (DEMU) shed. Tiruchirappalli Junction is the second largest railway station in Tamil Nadu and one of the busiest railway stations in India.
The Great Southern of India, a railway company was established in 1853 with Tiruchirappalli as its headquarters. In 1859, the company constructed its first railway line that connected Tiruchirappalli with Nagapattinam. Presently, Tiruchirappalli is an important railway junction in Tamil Nadu and is a separate division of the Southern Railway.
Five rail lines branch separately from Trichy Junction:
Golden Rock Railway Workshop and Diesel Loco Shed were involved in maintaining the bogies and locomotives respectively for passenger and freight operations. The station is also equipped with free Wi-Fi, retiring rooms, and AC lounge for passengers at 1st platform. On 1 August 2023, the eighth platform of the station was commissioned to reduce the waiting time for trains.
As of August 2019, the average passenger footfall recorded at the station was 52,715 per day. The station has been awarded five star rating for electricity conservation. It was awarded ‘Gold’ (72 points) rating in March 2020 by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) for implementing various environment-friendly measures. It is the first and only station in Southern Railway and also fifth across Indian Railways to get "Gold" certification.
Tiruchchirappalli Junction is one of the most prominent landmarks in the city so has often featured in movies. The station has been used in some Indian novels and art productions over the years. Films and other programs filmed at the station, include:
Thanjavur Junction railway station

Thanjavur Junction (station code: TJ) is an NSG–3 category Indian railway station in Tiruchirappalli railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a junction railway station in Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and serves Thanjavur, earlier known as Tanjore.
Thanjavur is located on the "main line" of the railway system in the Coromandel coast connecting Chennai with Tiruchirappalli via Villupuram, Cuddalore, Kumbakonam and Thanjavur junction. In 1861 the Great Southern of India Railway (GSIR) built the 125 km (78 mi)-long 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge line between Nagapattinam and Tiruchirapalli (then known as Trichinopoly) and the line was opened to traffic next year. It was a new development south of Chennai. After South Indian Railway Company took over GSIR in 1874, the Nagapattinam–Tiruchirapalli line was converted to 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)-wide metre gauge in 1875.
The South India Railway Company laid a 715 km (444 mi)-long metre gauge trunk line from Chennai to Tuticorin via Cuddalore, Kumbakonam and Thanjavur in 1880. The 82.67 km (51 mi) long Tindivanam–Cuddalore Port (then known as Cuddalore Junction) sector, 27.60 km (17 mi) long Cuddalore Port–Porto Novo sector, 19.71 km (12 mi) long Shyali–Mayiladuthurai sector and 70.42 km (44 mi) long Mayiladuthurai–Thanjavur sector were opened in 1877, connecting Tindivanam to the already opened Tiruchirappalli–Nagapattinam line.
Three rail lines branch for Thanjavur Junction:
On 8-1-1958 at about 6:25 hours while backing No. 101 Madras-Egmore–Dhanushkodi Boat Mail on the platform line of Tanjore Junction, its rear portion bumped against the rear portion of No 112 Tenkasi Passenger which was stationary on the other end of this platform, having arrived earlier.
The Cuddalore Port–Vadalur sector was converted in 2003. After conversion work of the Thanjavur–Tiruvarur broad-gauge section was opened to traffic in 2006 and Tiruvarur–Nagore section in 2010.
New electrification survey in 2012–13 had been sanctioned in the Railway budget for the Karaikkal/Karaikkal Port–Nagapattinam-Thiruvarur-Needamangalam-Thanjavur–Tiruchirappalli and Nagapattinam–Velankanni sectors. The Electrification of Tiruchirappalli-Thanjavur-Kumbakonam-Mayiladuthurai section was completed in the end of 2020 and it was commissioned on 14 February 2021.
It is one of the 73 stations in Tamil Nadu to be named for upgradation under Amrit Bharat Station Scheme of Indian Railways.
Tamil Nadu Council of Ministers

The Tamil Nadu Council of Ministers is the executive wing of the Government of Tamil Nadu and is headed by the State's Chief Minister M. K. Stalin, who is the head of government and leader of the state cabinet. The current state council of ministers were sworn in on 7 May 2021, following the 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election. The term of every executive wing is for 5 years. The council of ministers are assisted by department secretaries attached to each ministry who are from the Tamil Nadu cadre of the IAS. The chief executive officer responsible for issuing orders on behalf of the Government is the Chief Secretary to the State Government, with Thiru. Shiv Das Meena being the current holder of that position.
According to Article 163 of the Indian Constitution,
This means that the Ministers serve under the pleasure of the Governor and he/she may remove them, on the advice of the Chief Minister, whenever they want.
The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister, and the Minister shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor:Provided that in the States of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, there shall be a Minister in charge of tribal welfare who may in addition be in charge of the welfare of the Scheduled Castes and backward classes or any other work.
Like any Indian state, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu is the real head of the government and responsible for state administration. He is the leader of the parliamentary party in the legislature and heads the state cabinet.
Like any state, Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu is the deputy head of the government and senior minister of cabinet after the Chief Minister and mostly the position was vacant.
As per Indian Constitution, all portfolios of state government is vested in Chief Minister, who distribute various portfolio to individual ministers whom he nominates to the State Governor. The state governor appoints individual ministers for various portfolios and departments as per advice of Chief Minister and together form the State Cabinet. As the original portfolios are vested with CM, who delegates to others upon his/her wish, actions of individual ministers are part of collective responsibility of the state cabinet and Chief Minister is responsible for actions of each minister. The state cabinet along with Chief Minister, prepares General policy and individual department policy, which will be guiding policy for day-to-day administration of each minister.
Outline of Tamil Nadu

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tamil Nadu:
Tamil Nadu – state in South India. Tamil Nadu covers an area of 130,058 km2 (50,216 sq mi), and is the eleventh largest state in India. The bordering states are Kerala to the west, Karnataka to the north west and Andhra Pradesh to the north. To the east is the Bay of Bengal and the state encircles the union territory of Puducherry. The southernmost tip of the Indian Peninsula is Kanyakumari which is the meeting point of the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean. When India became independent in 1947, Madras presidency became Madras state, comprising present-day Tamil Nadu, coastal Andhra Pradesh up to Ganjam district in Orissa, South Canara district Karnataka, and parts of Kerala. The state was subsequently split up along linguistic lines. In 1969, Madras State was renamed Tamil Nadu, meaning "Tamil country".
Geography of Tamil Nadu
Two of the three biosphere reserves in Tamil Nadu are among four in India and ninety five in Asia that are part of UNESCO's Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB).
The 3 Biosphere Reserves in Tamil Nadu listed by size are:
Tamil Nadu has 5 declared National Parks with a total area over 307.84 km (118.86 sq mi), covering only 0.24% of the state. This is the third lowest % area covered of all Indian states and Union territories.
Wildlife sanctuaries in India – there are 7 wildlife sanctuaries plus 13 bird sanctuaries that together cover over 2,997.60 km (1,157.38 sq mi), 2.30% of the total state area.
Tamil Nadu is a major participant in Project Elephant.
Tamil Nadu has 4 tiger reserves which are declared as part of Project Tiger:
The state has 2 other significant tiger habitats:
There are 13 established bird sanctuaries at the southernmost continental range of the Central Asian Flyway in Tamil Nandu.
Ecoregions in Tamil Nadu
Administrative divisions of Tamil Nadu
Municipalities of Tamil Nadu
Demographics of Tamil Nadu
Politics of Tamil Nadu
Government of Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
History of Tamil Nadu
Culture of Tamil Nadu
Tamil literature
Music of Tamil Nadu
People of Tamil Nadu
Religion in Tamil Nadu
Sports in Tamil Nadu
Symbols of Tamil Nadu
Economy of Tamil Nadu
Education in Tamil Nadu
Health in Tamil Nadu
Wikimedia Atlas of Tamil Nadu
Classic & Sports Car

Classic & Sports Car is a British monthly magazine based in Twickenham, London, and published by Haymarket Media Group. It was launched in April 1982 and concerns itself with classic cars as well as the people involved in their design and subsequent use, including in period motorsport. The magazine offers a combination of road test features, buying advice, product tests, book reviews and features on automotive artists, plus event and auction coverage. It deals primarily with older and more prestigious or sporting (and hence more expensive) models of car.
The magazine recognises "clubs and individuals who do most to inspire their fellow enthusiasts" by means of the annual Classic & Sports Car Club Awards.
As well as being well established in its United Kingdom home, the magazine has wide news stand distribution in the United States, from where a number of the cars featured come. Many US classic car dealers join those from Britain and Europe in advertising in the magazine. Since April 2008 Classic & Sports Car has also been available in France published by Fink-Presse France.
Vaibhav Talwar

Vaibhav Talwar is an Indian model and film actor.
He was born and brought up in New Delhi, India. He is into martial arts, and practised taekwondo.
He married Scherezade Shroff, sister of Indian fashion designer Anaita Shroff Adajania, in 2016. They worked for the same modeling agency in Delhi and started dating in November 2004.
He began his modelling career with an assignment for Hugo Boss. He then went on working with fashion designers like Tommy Hilfiger, J.J. Valaya, Raghuvendra Rathore, Aki Narula, Manish Malhotra, Narender Kumar, Siddarth Tytler, Kunal Rawal and Suneet Verma.
With modelling brand image, he did print advertisements for brands like HP, Asian Paints, LG, Grasim, ABN AMRO, Airtel, Nokia and Manyavar.
He did television advertisements for brands like NDTV, Asian Paints, Dulux paints, Citibank, Cadbury, Royal Stag, Hindustan Petroleum (HPCL), GNIIT, Vivel Shampoo, Sony Ericsson, LG, Samsung Mobiles, Vimal suitings, Tata Nano and Manyavar.
He debuted Bollywood with Teen Patti starring Amitabh Bachchan and Ben Kingsley, directed by Leena Yadav. He acted in the film Mausam. He then acted in the film Love Breakups Zindagi with Dia Mirza. Earlier in his career he played a lead role in Jasoos Vijay, a BBC production.
Rahul Kumar (actor)

Rahul Kumar is an Indian actor, model, and singer working in the Bollywood industry. Active since 2010 through his theater projects, Bollywood films, television commercials and television shows, he is known for his performances in 3 Idiots (2009), and the 2020-web series Bandish Bandits.
Rahul began his theater career at the age of 3 and simultaneously acted in various child roles in Indian films like Omkara as Saif Ali Khan's son and The Blue Umbrella. Has also acted in Rajkumar Hirani's 3 Idiots and gained popularity from his character named Millimeter.
He has also done advertisements with actors Amitabh Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Abhishek Bachchan, Ranbir Kapoor and R. Balki.
He portrayed the role of Kabir in the Amazon Prime web series named Bandish Bandits.