davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Arado romano

El arado romano es una importante herramienta agrícola utilizada desde los tiempos prehistóricos.​
Se conoce con el nombre de arado romano el utensilio tirado por fuerza animal que se ha venido usando para labrar la tierra desde la época romana hasta nuestros días. Su cese, a mediados del siglo XX, coincide con la sustitución de los animales de tiro por máquinas, y con el abandono general de los terrenos de labor en los que no fuera rentable la utilización de maquinaria.
El arado romano, o tradicional, estaba compuesto por una parte delantera que era de la que tiraba el animal, llamada timón, pieza que estaba enlazada con la cameta, y esta se unía con la base del arado (la reja) mediante una telera por aproximadamente la mitad de la cameta y por la punta con el dental. La reja era la parte que servía para arar, hundiéndose dentro la tierra, aunque no sería de hierro hasta el siglo IX, que lo haría con difusión por toda Europa Occidental, y a partir de entonces se mejoraría la técnica.
En la época del Bajo Imperio, se comenzaría a utilizar la vertedera, que la podríamos comparar como una «pequeña reja lateral», que ayudaría a remover mejor la tierra ahorrando el número de labradas necesarias para prepararla. Finalmente, la esteva servía al campesino para dominar el arado, teniendo que hacer fuerza para hundir la reja.
El arado normando, de hierro y con ruedas, sustituyó al arado deslizante o romano. Este arado permitía hacer surcos más profundos, aireando mejor la tierra y mejorando la retención de humedad.
Por ser un utensilio cotidiano en la vida de los labradores, el recuento sistemático de sus piezas comparándolas con objetos más abstractos, para mejor entenderlos, dio origen a una serie de composiciones musicales populares, que en principio acompasaban el propio trabajo de la arada, es decir eran canciones de laboreo,​ y más tarde derivaron en canciones amorosas o incluso religiosas dentro de los ciclos de Navidad, en forma de villancicos, pero sobre todo en el ciclo de la Semana Santa.​
El arado, como composición popular propia de la Semana Santa, va comparando las distintas piezas mencionadas arriba con los distintos momentos de la Pasión de Cristo, tal como indica su primera estrofa.
Campo Verde (Tía Juana)

Campo Verde es uno de los campos que forman la población de Tía Juana en el estado Zulia, Venezuela.
Campo Verde sigue la nomenclatura de los campos de Creole /Lagoven, llamados por colores como Campo Blanco (en Cabimas) y Campo Rojo (en Lagunillas).
Se encuentra entre Campo Miramontes al este, la entrada de Tía Juana al sur, el lago de Maracaibo al oeste (muro de contención) y un canal de desagüe al norte.
Con casas similares a las de Campo Blanco (Cabimas) de una sola planta, campo Verde fue construido por las petroleras como habitación para trabajadores de nómina mayor(personal de confianza), actualmente es administrado por PDVSA. Posteriormente se construyeron casas sobre pilares debido a las inundaciones. Luego se construyó el muro de contención por lo que no se corría el riesgo de inundaciones y muchas de las casas fueron modificadas y convertidas en dos plantas. Aún se pueden ver como algunas de ellas solo añadieron un cuarto con baño, en otras se construyó primeras plantas completas. La entrada al campo es una "Y" que sale de la entrada al área Industrial Tía Juana y va a Campo Miramontes a la derecha y a Campo Verde a la izquierda. El muro de contención es su límite con el lago de Maracaibo. El canal de desagüe con bombas es el drenaje de emergencia para Campo Verde, Miramontes y el Prado, en época de lluvias ya que al estar bajo el nivel del mar el agua se acumula y no fluye.
Marquesado de Campo Verde

El Marquesado de Campo Verde es un título nobiliario español creado el 12 de octubre de 1688 por el rey Carlos II a favor de Luis Torres de Navarra y Monsalve, Alcalde Mayor de Sevilla.​
Este título fue rehabilitado en 1955 por María Manuela de Osorno y Torres-Linero.
Rehabilitado en 1955 por:
Camp Verde

Camp Verde es un pueblo ubicado en el condado de Yavapai en el estado estadounidense de Arizona. En el Censo de 2010 tenía una población de 10 873 habitantes y una densidad poblacional de 97,28 personas por km².​
Camp Verde se encuentra ubicado en las coordenadas 34°34′10″N 111°51′25″O﻿ / ﻿34.56944, -111.85694. Según la Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos, Camp Verde tiene una superficie total de 111.77 km², de la cual 111.74 km² corresponden a tierra firme y (0.03%) 0.03 km² es agua.​
Según el censo de 2010,​ había 10.873 personas residiendo en Camp Verde. La densidad de población era de 97,28 hab./km². De los 10.873 habitantes, Camp Verde estaba compuesto por el 81.72% blancos, el 0.46% eran afroamericanos, el 7.25% eran amerindios, el 0.42% eran asiáticos, el 0.12% eran isleños del Pacífico, el 5.92% eran de otras razas y el 4.11% pertenecían a dos o más razas. Del total de la población el 16.36% eran hispanos o latinos de cualquier raza.​
Ave del año

Ave del año es una iniciativa creada en 1988 por la Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO/BirdLife) mediante la cual se elige un ave anualmente (excepto en 1989 y 1991) para poner de manifiesto las amenazas que pesan sobre esa especie concreta.​​
La especie se selecciona tanto por su grado de amenaza como por que resulte representativa de ecosistemas o comunidades amenazados.
Esta iniciativa es corriente entre varias de las ONG incluidas dentro de BirdLife International:
(Los años 1989 y 1991 no se designó al Ave del Año)
Hábitat sustentable

Un hábitat sustentable es un ecosistema que es capaz de producir alimentos y refugio para las personas y otros organismos, sin agotar los recursos, buscando no enviar residuos al exterior de dicho ecosistema. Así, el hábitat puede continuar en el futuro sin ingreso de recursos externos. Ese hábitat sustentable puede evolucionar naturalmente o pueden ser generados por el hombre (como las biosferas restauradas).
Un hábitat sustentable a ser creado y diseñado por la inteligencia humana, debería imitar a la naturaleza, para tener éxito. Todo dentro de ella está conectado a un complejo conjunto de organismos, recursos físicos y funciones. Organismos de diferentes ecosistemas pueden reunirse para cumplir con diversos nichos ecológicos.
A menudo, el término se refiere a hábitat humano sostenible, que suele implicar algún tipo de edificación o planificación del medio ambiente.
En la creación de los hábitat sustentables normalmente participan, científicos ambientales, diseñadores, arquitectos e ingenieros. Estos han de concebir el hábitat como un flujo de nutrientes, minimizando la emisión o exportación de residuos para alimentar a procesos fuera del sistema. Además deberán investigar la manera de interconectar flujos de residuos a la producción a fin de crear una sociedad más sostenible que minimice la contaminación.
La sociedad debe ser alentada para crear empresas semilla para la expansión de cultivos "más eficientes" que representan un pequeño grupo genético. Un número menor de agricultores cuentan ahora con cada vez más variedades tradicionales que han co-evolucionado para adaptarse a un sitio determinado. La biodiversidad es un elemento clave para conseguir un hábitat sustentable.
Monumento natural Los Pingüinos

Monumento Natural Los Pingüinos es una área silvestre protegida de Chile. Abarca 97 hectáreas,​ de las cuales 85 corresponden a la Isla Magdalena y 12 a la Isla Marta. Es administrada por la CONAF.​ Fue creado en 1966 como un parque nacional, pero en 1982 se reclasifico en monumento natural.
Es una de las pingüineras más importantes del sur de Chile.​ Entre los años 2001 y 2002 se realizó un censo que registró una población de pingüinos de magallanes sobre los 60 000 ejemplares.​ Además alberga otras especies como el cormorán, gaviotas y lobos marinos.
Este monumento natural recibe una gran cantidad de visitantes cada año, chilenos y especialmente extranjeros.
Horned owl

The American (North and South America) horned owls and the Old World eagle-owls make up the genus Bubo, at least as traditionally described. The genus name Bubo is Latin for owl. Its name in Russian филин (Russian for 'filin') is one of the few native Russian words containing the letter Ф.
This genus contains 10 species that are found in many parts of the world. Some of the largest living Strigiformes are in Bubo. Traditionally, only owls with ear-tufts were included in this genus, but that is no longer the case.
The genus Bubo was introduced in 1805 by the French zoologist André Duméril for the horned owls. The type species is the Eurasian eagle-owl. The word bubo is Latin for the Eurasian eagle owl and was used as the specific epithet for the species by Carl Linnaeus in 1758.
A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2020 found that species in the genera Scotopelia and Ketupa were embedded within the clade containing members of the genus Bubo making the genus Bubo paraphyletic. To create monophyletic genera, nine species were moved from Bubo to Ketupa.
The genus contains 10 extant species:
Sometimes included in this genus:
Named and distinct Bubo species are:
Some notable undescribed fossils of prehistoric horned owls, usually quite fragmentary remains, have also been recorded:
Specimen UMMP V31030, a Late Pliocene coracoid from the Rexroad Formation of Kansas (U.S.), cannot be conclusively assigned to either Bubo or Strix. This fossil is from a taxon similar in size to the great horned owl (B. virginianus) or the great grey owl (S. nebulosa).
The Sinclair owl (Bubo sinclairi) from Late Pleistocene California may have been a paleosubspecies of the great horned owl, while the roughly contemporary Bubo insularis of the central and eastern Mediterranean has been considered a junior synonym of a brown fish owl paleosubspecies. Additional paleosubspecies are discussed on the appropriate species page.
Several presumed Bubo fossils have turned out to be from different birds. The Late Eocene/Early Oligocene eared owls "Bubo" incertus and "Bubo" arvernensis are now placed in the fossil barn owl genera Nocturnavis and Necrobyas, respectively. "Bubo" leptosteus is now recognized as primitive owl in the genus Minerva (formerly Protostrix). "Bubo" poirreiri from the Late Oligocene or Early Miocene of Saint-Gérard-le-Puy in France, is now placed in Mioglaux.
On the other hand, the supposed fossil heron "Ardea" lignitum from the Late Pliocene of Plaue-Rippersroda (Germany) was apparently an owl and close to Bubo or more probably actually belongs here. Given its age – about 2 million years ago or so – it is usually included in the Eurasian eagle-owl today.
Because of their nocturnal habits, most owls do not directly interact with humans. However, in 2015, an eagle owl in Purmerend, Netherlands, attacked some 50 people before it was caught by a hired falconer.
Outline of Spain

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Spain:
Spain – sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, three exclaves in North Africa, Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera that border Morocco, and the islands and peñones (rocks) of Alborán, Chafarinas, Alhucemas, and Perejil. Spain is a democracy organized in the form of a parliamentary government under a constitutional monarchy. It is a developed country with the 15th largest economy in the world. It is a member of the European Union, United Nations, NATO, OECD, WTO and many other international organizations.
Spain Population 2025: 49,077,984
Geography of Spain
List of ecoregions in Spain
Administrative divisions of Spain
Autonomous communities of Spain – each has its own parliament and government
Autonomous cities of Spain – less autonomous than the autonomous communities, but with more autonomy than Spain's other cities
Provinces of Spain
Comarcas of Spain
Municipalities of Spain
Demographics of Spain
Politics of Spain
Monarchy of Spain
Government of Spain
Spanish judicial system
Foreign relations of Spain
The Kingdom of Spain is a member of:
Law of Spain
Military of Spain
Local government in Spain
History of Spain
Culture of Spain
Art in Spain
Architecture of Spain
Cinema of Spain
Literature of Spain — Castilian (Spanish) literature
Music of Spain
Spanish people (or People of Spain)
Sports in Spain
Economy of Spain
Communications in Spain
Transport in Spain
Education in Spain
Spain
Wikimedia Atlas of Spain
Archangel pigeon

The Archangel (Croatian: Arkanđeo) is a breed of fancy pigeon, notable for the metallic sheen of its feathers. Archangels, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants from the rock pigeon (Columba livia). It is kept as an ornamental or fancy breed, valued for its unusual appearance. Archangels are small, weighing about 12 oz. They have unfeathered legs and dark orange eyes. They may or may not be crested. The body of the bird is bronze or gold with wings that are either black, white, or blue.
This breed is also known as the Gimpel, which is German for Eurasian bullfinch. The United States is the only country in which all color forms are referred to as "Archangels". In Great Britain, only the black and copper colored birds are called Archangels as the black and copper color type was created in Great Britain.
The Archangel is known as Gimpeltaube in Germany, where most color types were refined. This is a very old breed; the most likely place origin is Dalmatia / Illyria. Breeders maintain consistency within the breed by following the breed standard.
Media related to Gimpel (Archangel) at Wikimedia Commons
Orange-thighed frog

The orange-thighed frog (Ranoidea xanthomera) is a species of tree frog native to a small area of tropical northern Queensland, Australia. It has been observed between 100 and 1500 meters above sea level. It is a green frog with distinctly orange eyes, and is very similar in appearance to the red-eyed tree frog.
The orange-thighed frog is a medium-sized tree frog, reaching a length of 5.5 cm (2.2 inches). It is a slender frog, with a thin body, flat head, and large eyes, which are orange in colour. It has a green dorsal surface, with bright yellow feet and vocal sac, and a yellow band down its flank. The inner surfaces of its legs are yellow, and the outer surfaces are green. It is distinguished, physically, from the red-eyed tree frog by the presence of bright-orange thighs; the red-eyed tree frog has mauve thighs.
Male orange-thighed frogs congregate around still ponds, and call from low branches, or the edges of the water. The call is a long "aaa-rk", followed by a soft trill. They call after heavy monsoon rains. The males call in a large chorus; amplexus occurs where the frog calls, and the male and female move to the laying site. The eggs are brown, and are in masses of 800 to 1600. The tadpoles are identical in appearance to those of the red-eyed tree frog.
The orange-thighed frog inhabits dense rainforest.
Room on the Broom (film)

Room on the Broom is a 2012 short stop motion computer animated television film based on the picture book written by Julia Donaldson and illustrated by Axel Scheffler. The film was nominated for the Best Animated Short Film at the 2014 Academy Awards. It also won the British Academy Children's Award for Animation in 2013.
Directed by Max Lang and Jan Lachauer, the film was produced by Martin Pope and Michael Rose of Magic Light Pictures, London, in association with Orange Eyes Limited.
It was first broadcast on BBC One on Tuesday 25 December 2012 before being released on DVD in March 2013 by Magic Light Pictures. It then aired in the United States on PBS Kids Sprout as a Halloween special, on 30 October 2013, and then aired in the United States on PBS Kids as a Christmas special, on 1 December 2017 – 9 December 2018.
Ear tuft

Ear tufts are a collection of fur or feathers found on animals which can resemble an animal's ear or is near the animal's ear.
Ear tufts are not found on all cat breeds. The ear tufts are located on the tips of cat ears and are also known as lynx tipping. Cat ear tufts are often confused with cat ear furnishings which is the fur that comes out of the opening of the ear. Cat ear tufts assist with keeping debris out of the ear and guides sound into the ear canal.
Bird ear tufts are skin projections covered in feathers found in some bird species, most notably various species of owl, vaguely resembling mammalian ears, but unrelated to the animal's hearing. Theories about their function range from improved ability to camouflage, aiding in finding a suitable mate, to giving a more threatening appearance to discourage predators.
In the Araucana breed of chickens, ear tufts are a mutation. It causes a skin projection covered in feathers to appear on the sides of the head near the ears. This mutation is dominant semi-lethal. Consequently, ear tufts are very unusual and difficult to breed, as most Araucanas are hatched without tufts.
Ear tufts in the Araucana breed of chicken are associated with a lethal gene: An ear tufted hen mated with an ear tufted cock produce chicks with deformed ears and mouth that die before hatching. Also, the rumplessness of the breed makes breeding Araucanas together have very short backs. In any other chicken breed, ear tufts are undesirable.
Field of Corn

Field of Corn (with Osage Orange Trees) is a publicly-funded art installation in the city of Dublin, Ohio. The installation consists of 109 concrete ears of corn positioned in rows and standing upright in a grassy field. At one end of the field are two rows of Osage-orange trees, one pre-existing and the other planted for the project. Sculpted by Malcolm Cochran, with landscaping by Stephen Drown and James Hiss, Field of Corn was commissioned by the Dublin Arts Council and completed in 1994.
The display site, named the Sam and Eulalia Frantz Park, was originally farmed by Sam Frantz, an inventor of several hybrid corn species, and was donated to the city in the late twentieth century. The art installation is partly a tribute to Sam Frantz and is also intended to remind visitors of Dublin's agricultural heritage. Along the west side of the park, near the Osage orange trees, are signs that describe the project and explain hybridization.
Three different molds were used to cast the concrete ears of corn, which stand about 6 feet (1.8 m) tall. The breed of corn represented is known as Corn Belt Dent Corn, a double-cross hybrid variety. The ears are rotated in several directions to make it appear as if each ear is unique. They were cast at a precast concrete manufacturer, Cook & Ingle Co., in Dalton, Georgia. Each ear weighs 1,500 lb (680 kg)
Field of Corn has become a popular piece of public art in the Central Ohio Community. The display received "Best of Columbus" honors by readers of Columbus Monthly magazine each year of its nomination since 2008, including four #1 awards as best public artwork in central Ohio.
40°5′6″N 83°7′24″W﻿ / ﻿40.08500°N 83.12333°W﻿ / 40.08500; -83.12333
I Left My A-Rank Party to Help My Former Students Reach the Dungeon Depths!

I Left My A-Rank Party to Help My Former Students Reach the Dungeon Depths! is a Japanese light novel series written by Kōsuke Unagi and illustrated by Super Zombie. It was serialized online from October 2020 to February 2025 on the user-generated novel publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō. It was later acquired by Kodansha, who published five volumes from June 2021 to February 2025 under their Kodansha Ranobe Books imprint. A manga adaptation with art by Yūri has been serialized online via Kodansha's Magazine Pocket website since June 2021 and has been collected in nine tankōbon volumes. The manga is licensed in North America by Kodansha USA. An anime television series adaptation produced by Bandai Namco Pictures premiered in January 2025.
Yuke Feldio, a Red Mage, has left Thunder Pike, his adventurer party of 5 years; fed up with their stupidity and being ridiculed for his support skills. However, he is soon recruited by a party consisting of his former students, forming a new party they name Clover.
Despite the low ranks and inexperience of Clover's members, they begin to successfully accomplish increasingly difficult missions, while Thunder Pike begins to discover that without Yuke they aren't as strong as they thought and their A Rank status may not be as well-earned as they believed.
Written by Kōsuke Unagi, I Left My A-Rank Party to Help My Former Students Reach the Dungeon Depths! was serialized on the user-generated web novel publishing site Shōsetsuka ni Narō from October 2, 2020, to February 27, 2025. It was later acquired by Kodansha who published it as a light novel with illustrations by Super Zombie under their Kodansha Ranobe Books light novel imprint from June 2, 2021, to February 28, 2025.
A manga adaptation illustrated by Yūri began serialization on Kodansha's Magazine Pocket website and app on June 25, 2021. The first tankōbon volume was released on October 8, 2021. The manga's chapters have been compiled into nine tankōbon volumes as of January 2025.
On January 4, 2024, Kodansha USA announced that they licensed the series for English digital publication.
An anime television series adaptation was announced on September 4, 2024. It is produced by Bandai Namco Pictures and directed by Katsumi Ono, with Kazuyuki Fudeyasu writing the scripts, Masakazu Yamazaki designing the characters, and Go Sakabe composing the music. The series premiered on January 12, 2025, on Nippon TV and its affiliates, and will run for two consecutive cours. For the first cour, the opening theme song is "Enter" performed by Kazuma Kawamura of The Rampage from Exile Tribe under the solo name Rei, while the ending theme song is "Treasure Chest" performed by Yuki Tanaka. Crunchyroll streams the series. Muse Communication licensed the series in Southeast Asia.
Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats

The Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, also known as the Bern Convention (or Berne Convention), is a binding international legal instrument in the field of Nature Conservation, it covers the natural heritage in Europe, as well as in some African countries. The Convention was open for signature on 19 September 1979 and came into force on 1 June 1982. It is particularly concerned about protecting natural habitats and endangered species, including migratory species.
The convention has three main aims, which are stated in Article 1:
The convention is divided into:
Member States of the Council of Europe, status as of 15 February 2022.
States not members of the Council of Europe
International Organisations
Algeria, Cape Verde, the Holy See, San Marino and Russia are among non-signatories that have observer status at meetings of the committee.
The convention led to the creation in 1998 of the Emerald network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) throughout the territory of the parties to the convention, which operates alongside the European Union's Natura 2000 programme.
All countries that have signed the convention must:
To achieve successfully the aims of this Convention, a number of monitoring devices were implemented.
The chosen experts are in charge of monitoring the implementation of the Standing Committee recommendation regarding species and habitats, as well as doing their own recommendations about specific conservation problems.
The system is based in complaints for possible non-compliance or other problems related with the provisions of the Convention. These complaints are processed by the Secretariat, the Bureau and the Standing Committee and when they feel there is the need for further information, on-the-spot visits by independent experts can be arranged.
Escultura maya

Escultura maya es un tipo de escultura de la época precolombina. Además, este se encuentra en Centroamérica y parte de México, escultura cuyos motivos son generalmente una combinación de simbolismos supernatural y reproducciones de formas humanas y animales.
Para hacer dichos ejemplares los mayas requirieron de ciertos materiales como piedras, aunque también utilizaron trozos de madera, pero la herramienta que más utilizaron fueron los cinceles, con la ayuda de martillos elaborados de una clase de pedernal.
Asociación de Amigos del País (2004). Diccionario Histórico Biográfico de Guatemala. Guatemala. Editorial: Amigos del País, (0) (0)
Diccionario Maya Cordemex

El Diccionario Maya Cordemex es una obra lexicográfica referida a la lengua maya yucateca editada en 1980.​
El idioma maya o maya yucateco es una lengua amerindia derivada del tronco mayense, que se habla principalmente en los estados mexicanos peninsulares de Yucatán, Campeche y Quintana Roo, así como en menor grado en Belice y algunos poblados del Petén de Guatemala. Es conocida comúnmente como maya, aunque muchos lingüistas emplean el término maya yucateco para distinguirla de otras lenguas mayenses.
Dice Alfredo Barrera Vásquez director del proyecto que hizo posible el diccionario:
El año de 1975, la empresa paraestatal Cordemex inició el proyecto editorial de un diccionario de la lengua maya, como parte de su función social y con el propósito de dotar a los estudiosos de la cultura, la arqueología, la antropología del pueblo maya, de un instrumento para conocer y acercarse con sistema al idioma de los habitantes originales de la Península de Yucatán, y también, para crear un vínculo de unión en el aún vigente proceso de fusión racial, social y cultural con la comunidad maya contemporánea.​
Se estableció entonces un equipo de especialistas encabezados por Alfredo Barrera Vásquez e integrado por Juan Ramón Bastarrachea Manzano, antropólogo social, investigador de etnología; William Brito Sansores, filólogo maya; Refugio Vermont Salas, lingüista; David Dzul Góngora, sociólogo e investigador de etnología. Este grupo contó con el apoyo del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia de México y especialmente de su delegación en el estado de Yucatán.​
Durante más de cinco años este equipo de trabajo condujo el proceso de elaboración del diccionario a partir de todo el material disponible en el mundo, desde el siglo XVI hasta la época actual, sin omitir ninguna de las fuentes conocidas. También se incluyeron voces actuales derivadas de la evolución propia de una lengua viva como es la maya.
Escribió el entonces presidente de México, José López Portillo, en las páginas preliminares de la edición 1980 del diccionario:
Cerámica Usulután

La cerámica Usulután fue uno de los grupos cerámicos representativos de El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras y Nicaragua durante el período preclásico tardío. Generalmente se sitúa su punto de origen en El Salvador.
Recibe su nombre del departamento de Usulután, y la primera evidencia de esta cerámica fue encontrada en el cerro Zapote (ubicado al sureste de San Salvador).
De los varios tipos de cerámica Usulután, los más extendidos fueron:
Según Andrews, las características principales de este grupo cerámico incluyen soportes de botón y bordes con ranuras dobladas hacia afuera, entre otros. El color del engobe varía desde el anaranjado al amarillo hasta tonalidades de beige, también puede variar del rojo pálido al rosado.
La decoración de este grupo cerámico se limita a grupos de líneas parelas, las cuales describen oscilaciónes y fueron pintadas de un color más pálido que el engobe.
Cerámica de Boquique

Cerámica de Boquique o de punto y raya, se denomina al conjunto de obras de alfarería prehistórica halladas en la península ibérica, las Islas Baleares y algunos yacimientos de Europa Central. El dibujo superficial de "punto y raya" que caracteriza a esta técnica decorativa alfarera doble o mixta, se conseguía punteando con un punzón o algún tipo de sierra dentada, trazos pequeños y sucesivos a lo largo de una línea incisa continua, «dando el aspecto de un cosido».​
La cerámica de Boquique se asocia en especial a la producida por la cultura de Cogotas I, que da nombre al conjunto de comunidades asentadas en la meseta durante el Bronce Final. No obstante, como han estudiado Bosch Gimpera, García Faria,​ María Dolores Fernández-Posse y Caro Bellido, se encuentra en etapas muy dispares desde el Neolítico, pasando por la Edad de Bronce hasta alcanzar la Edad de Hierro. Esta cerámica suele caracterizar de hecho los primeros yacimientos neolíticos de la zona centro-occidental de la península ibérica, tanto en el Alentejo como en Extremadura.
Debe su nombre al lugar en que se encontraron los primeros restos arqueológicos, en la llamada Cueva de Boquique, a 2 km al noroeste de la ciudad de Plasencia. Los primeros hallazgos los publicó en 1873, Vicente Paredes Guillén en su obra Historia de los tramontanos celtíberos, si bien la cerámica de dicha cueva no se popularizaría hasta 1915 gracias a una publicación de Pere Bosch i Gimpera.
Centro de Lengua, Arte y Literatura Indígena (Chiapas, México)

El Centro de Lengua, Arte y Literatura Indígena o C.E.L.A.L.I. es una institución del Gobierno del Estado de Chiapas (México) fundada en 1997, y que tiene por objeto rescatar, valorar y difundir la cultura de los pueblos indígenas de Chiapas. Las actividades de esta institución incluyen: cursos de lenguas indígenas, producción y publicación libros y material para el aprendizaje de las lenguas indígenas del Estado, realización anual de los festivales "Maya-Zoque", conferencias sobre temas alusivos, concursos para despertar el interés entre los jóvenes indígenas de su propia lengua, exposiciones pictóricas y escultóricas de artistas nativos, etc.
Museum of Maya Sculpture

The "Museo Escultura" (Sculpture Museum) or "Museo de la Escultura de Copan" (Museum of Sculpture of Copan) or "Museo de la Escultura Maya" (Museum of Maya Sculpture) is a museum dedicated to the Maya culture near the town of Copan Ruinas, very close to the archaeological site of the same name in Honduras. The installations preserve various figures, sculptures, engravings, and original parts of the temples within them.
The museum was built in 1993, as part of the tourist attraction of the archaeological site and to preserve many of the sculptures found in and around Copán. The museum wanted to have a considerable size to be able to house the enormous collection of archaeological pieces, in addition to having an open design so that it can have a guaranteed entry of natural light, since when it was built the town did not have many sources of electricity.
When the building was finished, It was designed to house more than 3,000 pieces of sculpture distributed in 59 exhibits; Inside, a series of sculptures that have been rescued from the archaeological site are exhibited. The huge building comprises about 4,000 square meters of construction on two levels (most of them are underground).it was filled with stelae and pieces of sculpture of deities from the Maya pateon such that were found scattered throughout the site.
Among its exhibits stands out the impressive life-size replica of the Rosalila Temple, also known as the Temple of the Sun, discovered under structure 16 in perfect condition. It also houses the original Altar Q and Stelae A, P and 2. In addition to figures of beings that are part of Maya mythology, such as Chaac or Camazotz, the collection includes original parts of temples reassembled within the museum, as well as calendars and engravings.
Meander (art)

A meander or meandros (Greek: Μαίανδρος) is a decorative border constructed from a continuous line, shaped into a repeated motif. Among some Italians, these patterns are known as "Greek Lines". Such a design may also be called the Greek fret or Greek key design, although these terms are modern designations; this decorative motif appears much earlier and among Near and Far eastern cultures that are far from Greece. Usually the term is used for motifs with straight lines and right angles and the many versions with rounded shapes are called running scrolls or, following the etymological origin of the term, may be identified as water wave motifs.
On one hand, the name "meander" recalls the twisting and turning path of the Maeander River in Asia Minor (present day Turkey) that is typical of river pathways. On another hand, as Karl Kerenyi pointed out, "the meander is the figure of a labyrinth in linear form".
Meanders are common decorative elements in Greek and Roman art. In ancient Greece they appear in many architectural friezes, and in bands on the pottery of ancient Greece from the Geometric period onward. The design is common to the present-day in classicizing architecture, and is adopted frequently as a decorative motif for borders for many modern printed materials.
The meander is a fundamental design motif in regions far from a Hellenic orbit: labyrinthine meanders ("thunder" pattern ) appear in bands and as infill on Shang bronzes (c. 1600 BC – c. 1045 BC), and many traditional buildings in and around China still bear geometric designs almost identical to meanders. Although space-filling curves have a long history in China in motifs more than 2,000 years earlier, extending back to Zhukaigou Culture (c. 2000 BC – c. 1400 BC) and Xiajiadian Culture (c. 2200 BC – c. 1600 BC and c. 1000 BC – c. 600 BC), frequently there is speculation that meanders of Greek origin may have come to China during the time of the Han dynasty (c. 202 BC) by way of trade with the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. A meander motif also appears in prehistoric Mayan design motifs in the western hemisphere, centuries before any European contacts.
Chin (deity)

Chin, together with Cu, Cavil (glossed as 'idol,' likely referring to K'awiil), and Maran, is mentioned as the name of the male deity said to have demonstrated sexual intercourse with other male deities and humans.
In describing the customs of the Mayas inhabiting the Verapaz province (including the Alta Verapaz and Baja Verapaz) of 16th-century Guatemala, Bishop Bartolomé de las Casas mentions sexual relationships, regulated by customary law, between unmarried young men and boys, as well as similar relations prevailing among adolescents receiving instruction in the temples. Chin is said to have demonstrated sexual intercourse with another 'demon', and thereby to have introduced such relationships. De las Casas writes "From that time on some fathers gave their sons a little boy to be used as a woman; and if someone else took the boy, they demanded pay as is done when someone violates another's wife." Institutionalized pederastic prostitution, including transvestism, is recorded in 17th-century Spanish reports of the Itzá Mayas living in the Petén.
Among the Classic Period scenes found in a cave of Naj Tunich is a depiction of a naked, sexually excited male embracing a nude Maya nobleman, possibly by way of initiation.
Tulum Stela 1

Tulum Stela 1 is the name of a Mayan engraved monolith that was found at the ancient Mesoamerican site of Tulum in Mexico. Known for its important inscription, the stela was purchased by the British Museum in 1924.
The large stone stela portrays in low relief a standing Maya lord in full regalia, with a long inscription in Mayan hieroglyphs framing the image. The headdress is that of K'awiil, the skirt that of the Tonsured Maize God. The pillar was badly damaged when discovered and is missing parts of the base. The condition of the extant carving has also faded through water erosion. The long inscription includes a date that corresponds to 564 AD, based on the Mayan system of recording time.
Stela 1 was found by John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood during their exploration of the Yucatán peninsular in the early nineteenth century. It was discovered near the 'Temple of the Initial Series' which lies to the south of the main castle at Tulum. This temple was named after Stela 1 as its Mayan inscription has the earliest recorded date in Tulum. Archaeologists estimate that most of Tulum is Post-Classic and that the city was largely built after 900 AD. As this stela predates this phase, it has been conjectured that it was moved from a neighbouring Maya city, perhaps Coba. The stela was subsequently owned by the British archaeologist Thomas Gann, who sold it to the British Museum in 1924.
Turquoise-browed motmot

The turquoise-browed motmot (Eumomota superciliosa) is a colourful, medium-sized bird of the motmot family, Momotidae. It inhabits Central America from south-east Mexico (mostly the Yucatán Peninsula), to Costa Rica, where it is common and not considered threatened. It lives in fairly open habitats such as forest edge, gallery forest and scrubland. It is more conspicuous than other motmots, often perching in the open on wires and fences. From these perches it scans for prey, such as insects and small reptiles. White eggs (3–6) are laid in a long tunnel nest in an earth bank or sometimes in a quarry or fresh-water well. Its name originates from the turquoise color of its brow. It is the national bird of both El Salvador and Nicaragua, where it is known as torogoz and guardabarranco respectively.
The bird is 34 cm (13 in) long and weighs 65 g (2.3 oz). It has a mostly grey-blue body with a rufous back and belly. There is a bright blue strip above the eye and a blue-bordered black patch on the throat. The flight feathers and upperside of the tail are blue. The tips of the tail feathers are shaped like rackets and the bare feather shafts are longer than in other motmots. Although it is often said that motmots pluck the barbs off their tail to create the racketed shape, this is not true; the barbs are weakly attached and fall off due to abrasion with substrates and with routine preening.
Unlike most bird species, where only males express elaborate traits, the turquoise-browed motmot expresses the extraordinary racketed tail in both sexes. Research indicates that the tail has evolved to function differently for the sexes. Males use their tails as sexual signals, as males with longer tails have greater pairing success and reproductive success. In addition to this function, the tail is used by both sexes in a wag-display, whereby the tail is moved back-and-forth in a pendulous fashion. The wag-display is performed in a context unrelated to mating: both sexes perform the wag-display in the presence of a predator, and the display is thought to confer naturally selected benefits by communicating to the predator that it has been seen and that pursuit will not result in capture. This form of interspecific communication is referred to as a pursuit-deterrent signal.
The call is nasal, croaking and far-carrying.
The turquoise-browed motmot is a well-known bird in its range. It has acquired a number of local names including guardabarranco ("ravine-guard") in Nicaragua, torogoz in El Salvador (based on its call) and pájaro reloj ("clock bird") in the Yucatán, based on its habit of wagging its tail like a pendulum. In Costa Rica it is known as momoto cejiceleste or the far-less flattering pájaro bobo ("foolish bird"), owing to its tendency to allow humans to come very near it without flying away.
Coatepeque Caldera

Coatepeque Caldera (Nawat: cōātepēc, "at the snake hill") is a volcanic caldera in El Salvador in Central America. The caldera was formed during a series of rhyolitic explosive eruptions from a group of stratovolcanoes between about 72,000 and 57,000 years ago. Since then, basaltic cinder cones and lava flows formed near the west edge of the caldera, and six rhyodacitic lava domes have formed. The youngest dome, Cerro Pacho, formed after 8000 BC.
Lake Coatepeque (Lago de Coatepeque) is a large crater lake in the east part of the Coatepeque Caldera. It is in Coatepeque municipality, Santa Ana, El Salvador. There are hot springs near the lake margins. At 26 square kilometres (10 sq mi), it is one of the largest lakes in El Salvador. In the lake is the island of Teopan, which was a Mayan site of some importance.
Lake Coatepeque is also known to change colors from blue to turquoise. According to authorities of the, this is a cyclical phenomenon that occurs from time to time. The color change has happened in 1998, 2006, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019.
Paseo de Montejo

Paseo de Montejo is an avenue of Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. It is named after Francisco de Montejo, the Spanish conquistador who founded the city in 1542, and is the location of some of the most iconic buildings and monuments of the city. Inspired by the French boulevard, the avenue is flanked by trees and has several roundabouts along its course. Many beautiful mansions were built along the avenue by wealthy Yucatecans of the 19th century.
It extends north from the city downtown (the Santa Ana neighbourhood) and connects into highway 231 just south of the Mayan Museum (Gran Museo Maya). Its length of over 6 km makes it one of the longest avenues of the city.
In the final decades of the 19th century, Yucatán experienced a period of economic prosperity due to the boom of the henequen industry (the green gold). Such prosperity was reflected by the considerable increase in the number of sophisticated civil construction projects, particularly when it came to residential areas. At that time, however, Mérida had no avenues. The only major gathering places in the city were: La Alameda (also known as Paseo de las Bonitas), El Camposanto, La Cruz de Gálvez, and el Limonar. Thus, during the governorship of Guillermo Palomino (1886-1889), there emerged the idea of expanding the urbanization of the Yucatecan capital amidst the advantageous circumstances of the economic boom that they were experiencing.
In January 1888, with the support of a group of farmers, industrialists, and merchants of the era, that idea took shape in the form of a boulevard named "Paseo de Montejo"; the hope and end goal of the project being to modernize the city and to provide an additional hub for social and commercial gatherings.
Daedalus (sculpture)

Daedalus is a public art work by artist Charles Ginnever, located at the University of Michigan Museum of Art (UMMA) in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It is installed on the lawn in next to the museum, at 525 South State Street.
Ginnever created it in 1975, and UMMA purchased and installed it in 1977. Originally, it was in front of UMMA, but when the museum underwent a major renovation in 2008–2009, it was moved to the south lawn of the building, across the street from the University of Michigan Law School.
UMMA's director in the 1970s, Bret Waller, said of the decision to purchase the piece, "We spent over a year surveying the field and looking at sculpture before selecting this piece by Charles Ginnever . . . I felt it was the best piece available for our purposes and recommended it to our executive committee. Daedalus is historically the most significant piece in what appears to be the most important series Ginnever has ever done."
The abstract sculpture is made of Cor-Ten steel. UMMA describes Daedalus's shape as "five parallelograms bent along diagonal lines that lean into each other." The sculpture is about 10 feet tall and 30 feet long. The concave space underneath it is about 11 feet deep.
The sculpture is named for mythical figure Daedalus, the father of Icarus.
UMMA's website describes the sculpture as follows:
In 1977, the Michigan Alumnus noted, "The placement of the sculpture on the front lawn of the museum has drawn some criticism from those who feel it blocks the view of the distinguished campus landmark."
In September 1977, in an editorial titled "Why do I find that stupid sculpture so fascinating?" Chuck Anesi wrote in the Michigan Daily,
In September 1977, Lionel Biron placed a large price tag reading "$500,000" on the side of the sculpture. The Michigan Daily reported,
In December 1977, the Michigan Daily wrote of the piece,
Lisa Edelstein

Lisa Edelstein, ganet d'an 21 a viz Mae 1966, zo un aktourez ha skrivagnerez c'hoariva stadunanat. Edelstein zo bet brudet gant roll an Doktorez Lisa Cuddy er stirad skinwel House war ar chadenn Fox. Etre 2014 ha 2018 e voe gwelet o c'hoari Abby McCarthy er stirad skinwel Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce war ar chadenn Bravo.
Norzhamerika

Norzhamerika pe Amerika an Norzh a zo ur c'hevandir, pe a-hend-all lodenn hanternoz kevandir Amerika, hervez an dud.
Emañ er Reter d'ar Meurvor Habask hag er c'hornôg d'ar Meurvor Atlantel, er su da Veurvor Arktika hag en hanternoz da Suamerika. E-keñver douaroniezh emañ Kreizamerika e-barzh Norzhamerika, met alies e vez lakaet a-gostez, koulz hag an Antilhez, dreist-holl pa vez kaoz eus sevenadur ha politikerezh.
Er c'hevandir-mañ e kaver teir stad, ec'hon-mat ha stank o foblañs :
Hag ivez tri ziriad:
Le breton dans votre poche

Le breton dans votre poche zo ul levrig da zeskiñ brezhoneg hag a zo bet embannet gant an ti-embann gall Larousse e Pariz d'an 21 a viz Genver 2015.
Ken niverus e oa ar fazioù brezhoneg el levr-se (*"teod" e-lec'h "yezh" evit langue, da skouer), ma voe tennet eus ar werzh pemzektez goude.
Kemend-all zo c'hoarvezet pemp sizhun goude gant ul levrig euskarek, er memes dastumad.
C'hwi a gano

C'hwi a gano zo ur stirad internet e Brezhoneg savet gant Perynn Bleunven ha Justine Morvan. C'hwi a gano a zo war ar renk evit ar Prizioù 2017
Hervez an ABP ez eo C'hwi a gano: "Simpl, efedus, fentus, son brav ha filmet propr, kit buan d'o welet!"
Fin ar Bed

Fin ar Bed zo ur stirad skinwel brezhonek skignet da gentañ war Youtube ha goude-se war ar skinwel Frañs 3 d'an 30 a viz Gwengolo 2017. Sevenet eo bet gant Nicolas Leborgne, an aktourien bennañ eo Nolwenn Korbell, Roger Stéphan ha Kaou Langoët. Filmet eo bet pep lodenn eus ar stirad e Breizh. Seizh lodenn dek munutenn a ya d'ober an hollad.
Strollad Broadel Breizh (2021)

Strollad Broadel Breizh (Parti National Breton e galleg) zo ur strolladig politikel e Breizh eus an tu-dehoù pellañ krouet e 2021 gant Boris le Lay . Chomet eo brudet dreist-holl dre pegañ skritelloù alies en Il-ha-Gwilen. Penn ar strollad en un doare ofisiel a zo Hervé Archier.
Krouet eo bet ar strollad e 2021. Sioul eo chomet en ur pegañ skritelloù dreist-holl betek ar bloavezh 2024. D'ar bloavezh-se eo kroget da vezañ oberient da vat .
Da gentañ eo bet o kemer perzh evit ar wech kentañ en ur vanifestadeg (un dek ezel bennak). Echuet eo gant un emgann dorn-ha-dorn etre izili ar strollad hag enepfaskourien .
Nebeut izili a gemer perzh e Karaez e lañs al listenn unaniñ an Emsav Breizh hon dazont.
Betek-henn ez eus ur gevrenn eus ar strollad e Bro-Zol .
Krennvrezhoneg

Ar c'hrennvrezhoneg eo ar stumm eus ar brezhoneg a veze komzet ha skrivet etre dibenn an XI kantved ha kreiz ar XVII kantved.
Eus ar rakkrennvrezhoneg ne vez anavezet nemet spisc’herioù, anvioù-tud hag anvioù-lec’h. Ivonet Omnes en deus skrivet ur varzhoneg war marzh an dornskrid e oa o sevel dre eilskrivañ war-dro ar bloavezhioù 1350 ; setu amañ ar varzhoneg hag he reizhiad klotennoù :
Nonn

Santez Nonn (Nonnita e latin) a oa ur Gembreadez a vije bet mamm sant Divi er VI kantved.
Hervez ar mojennoù e oa merc’h d’ur roue eus Kembre, Brec'han hervez lod, pe Cynyr Caer Goch gouez da lod all. Ur wech aet da leanez e vije bet gwallet gant un tiern anvet Sant pe Sanctus. Tec’hout a reas eus Kembre da vont da Gernev-Veur da gentañ a-raok erruout e Breizh da c’houde, e goueled morlenn Brest. Eno he dije bevet en ur peniti e don ur c’hoad derv ha ganet he mab Divi. Badezet e voe ganti, gant dour eus ur stivell strinket eno dre vurzhud (feunteun Santez-Nonn). Diwezhatoc’h, pa voe bras Divi, ez eas Nonn en-dro en tu all d’ar mor, da gas he mab d’ober e studi da vanati sant Ildud. Ha distroet e vije da Vreizh goude-se. Hervez mammennoù all, avat, e vije bet ganet Divi e Kembre e-kichen al lec’h anvet hiziv Tyddewi.
E Breizh e varvas Nonn en he feniti, en terouer anvet hiziv Dirinonn. Eno e kaver ur chapel Santez Nonn (eus 1577) hag ur chapel Sant Divi.
Hec’h istor a gonter e Buhez santes Nonn hac he map Deuy, ur skrid brezhonek bet savet er XVI kantved hag adkavet en XIX kantved e presbital Dirinonn.
Gouez da istorourien zo e c’hellje Nonn bezañ bet merc’h d’ur roue iwerzhonat.
Ouzhpenn e Dirinonn e kaver roudoù anezhi e meur a lec’h e Kembre (Capel Non e-kichen Tyddewi, Llanon e-kichen Aberaeron), e Kerne-Veur (Alter Nonn), hag e Breizh (Banaleg, Kersent-Plabenneg, Sant-Tonan, Sant-Yann-Drolimon). Kemmesket eo bet e lec’hioù zo gant ur sant all dezhañ un anv heñvel, Nonna, a vije bet unan eus kompagnuned Divi.
Lidet e vez he gouel d’an 2 pe d’an 3 a viz Meurzh.