davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Discada

Discada is a mixed meat dish popular in the northern Mexican cuisine. The dish includes a mixture of grilled meats cooked on an agricultural plow disk harrow, hence its name. The basic meats for a traditional discada include beef (usually a flank cut), bacon, ham, sausage, and Mexican chorizo. The disk is placed over an open flame, and the ingredients are introduced one at a time. The meats are seasoned and marinated according to the cook's preference and usually include salt, pepper, lime juice, and garlic. Aromatics including white or purple onions, bell peppers, Jalapeno or Serrano peppers, olives, and tomatoes are also used to add flavor and color to the dish. It is usually served with tortillas in tacos or separately on a plate.
The disc for cooking the meats is usually a disc harrow made of either iron or steel. It is round, wide, angled toward a deeper center, but not as deep as a Chinese wok. This provides a larger surface area for even heat distribution. The original concave disc shape is unaltered, however the disc can have handles or a tripod welded to it for easy access.
Once an ideal cooking heat is reached on the disk (usually medium to low heat works best) the first meat to be introduced is the bacon. This is placed at the center of the concave disk where the heat is concentrated. The natural fat from the bacon will prevent the meats from sticking. Beer or dark cola is added to create a broth for simmering the meats which also acts as a non stick agent. The bacon is placed away from direct heat onto the side of the disk once its cooked, and the sausage links are introduced to the remaining broth. As each piece of meat is removed from the direct heat, the meat's natural juices and the beer or cola create a broth for the next meat piece to be introduced to. Once cooked, the sausage is also set aside and the ham is added. The ham is set aside, and the chorizo is added next. The beef as well as the cook's choice of seasoning is finally added to the collective broth. Each meat is cooked for about 10 to 15 minutes. The beef is covered with a lid during the cooking process to contain its natural flavor and juices. The lid is then removed to allow the broth to reduce, and the meats can now be combined with the beef and the collective broth from the different meats. The onions, peppers, and tomatoes are chopped and added to the mix providing the dish with color and the meats with flavor.
The dish can be served with traditional Mexican side dishes like rice and beans. It is also served with guacamole, and salsa. It can also be accompanied with beer.
Dampfnudel

A Dampfnudel (German pronunciation: [ˈdamp͡fˌnuːdl̩] ; lit. 'steam noodle'; plural Dampfnudeln, Alsatian: Dampfnüdel) is a dumpling eaten as a meal or as a dessert in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and in France (Alsace-Moselle). It is a typical dish in southern Germany.
There are Dampfnudel city gates in Freckenfeld and Kandel, two towns in the Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany, near the border with French Alsace. It is reputed that, during the Thirty Years' War, Swedish troops arrived at Freckenfeld and demanded ransom. Master baker Johannes Muck, with his wife and apprentice, made 1,286 Dampfnudeln to feed the soldiers, who then spared the village from further extortion and pillage. The Dampfnudeltor (Dampfnudel gate) even features on the coat of arms of the municipality of Freckenfeld.
Dampfnudeln are made from a dough composed of white flour, water, yeast, salt, butter or margarine, and sometimes also eggs and a little sugar. The dough is formed into balls about the size of an egg, left to rise and then cooked in a covered pot, preferably a high-rimmed iron pan with a lid, either in a mixture of milk and butter (the Bavarian style) or salt water and fat (the Rhineland-Palatinate style) until a golden-brown crust forms at the bottom after the liquid has evaporated. The tops remain white.
Dampfnudeln are typically served as a main course with savoury accompaniment such as cabbage, salad, gherkins, potato soup, lentil soup, or mushrooms in a béchamel sauce. They can also be served as a dessert with vanilla custard, jam, or boiled fruit. In Bavaria, however, Dampfnudeln are traditionally served as the main dish even though they are normally served sweet. In the Palatinate they are served as a main dish and with a salty crust.
Bake Squad

Bake Squad is an American reality baking competition television series which premiered on August 11, 2021, for a first season of eight episodes and a second season published on January 20, 2023, with eight episodes. It is presented by Christina Tosi, and features a returning group of four bakers who compete to make desserts for a different client each episode.
The series is only lightly competitive, with no prizes or elimination-style elements. Instead, the focus is on creating elaborate desserts for a per-episode client—usually for a celebration, wedding, or birthday. The bakers typically have seven hours to produce their desserts before presenting them.
Bakers periodically request help from Tosi for equipment or decorative pieces, such as chocolate molds or a claw machine, to showcase enhance their creation. After the client chooses a dessert, Tosi takes a picture of the client(s) and the winning baker with an instant camera, which is placed on a bulletin board signifying the win. The episode finishes with scenes from the client's celebration.
Bold indicates the baker(s) who produced the winning creation per-episode.
Jachnun

Jachnun or Jahnun (Hebrew: גַ'חְנוּן, Hebrew pronunciation: ['d͡ʒaχnun], ['d͡ʒaħnun]) is a Jewish pastry, originating from the Adeni Jews, and traditionally served on Shabbat morning, with resek agvaniyot, hard-boiled eggs, and zhug.
Jachnun has become popular in Israeli cuisine, where it is served in homes (usually on Shabbat), as fast food at roadside stalls, and in restaurants, events, and dining halls.
Jahnun is prepared from dough which is rolled out thinly and brushed with (traditionally) samneh, which is clarified butter spiced with 'hilbe' (fenugreek) and aged in a smoked vessel, traditionally using smoke from the wood of a specific tree, the דודינה tree (presumably Dodonaea viscosa, sheth in Arabic), though regular clarified butter or shortening can be used. A little honey is sometimes added in addition, whereupon the dough is rolled up before cooking.
It is traditionally cooked overnight on a 'Shabbat hotplate' at a very low temperature, starting the cooking process on the Friday (usually in the morning), to be taken out and eaten on Shabbat (Saturday) morning, as it is forbidden by Jewish custom to start cooking or turn electrical implements on/off during the Shabbat. The jahnun pieces are baked/steamed in a lidded pot (trapping moisture and preventing drying and burning).
This cooking process turns the dough a dark amber color, endowing it with a deep, sweet, caramelized taste. It is traditionally served with resek agvaniyot (a fresh grated tomato dip), hard-boiled eggs, and zhug (a type of green herbal hot condiment). The dough used for jachnun is the same as that used for malawach.
The idea of slow-cooking food in a way that conforms with Shabbat restrictions is ancient, originating with cholent, or hamin, a slow-cooked stew that originated in ancient Israel. Jachnun and its pan-fried cousin malawach probably originated as variations of Sephardic Jewish puff pastry, brought to Yemen by Jews expelled from Spain, according to Gil Marks.
Odetta

Ba cheoltóir Meiriceánach agus gníomhaí ar son chearta sibhialta í Odetta Holmes, nó Odetta, mar a b'fhearr aithne uirthi. Is minic a thugtar "Glór na Gluaiseachta Chearta Sibhialta" uirthi. Rugadh ar an 31 Nollaig 1930 í, agus d'éag sí i Nua-Eabhrac ar an 2 Nollaig 2008.
Austin Currie

Polaiteoir agus gníomhaí cearta sibhialta i dTuaisceart Éireann ab ea Austin Currie nó Aibhistín Ó Comhraí (11 Deireadh Fómhair 1939 - 9 Samhain 2021),
Fuair Austin Currie a chuid oideachais i nDún Geanainn i gContae Thír Eoghain agus Ollscoil na Banríona, Béal Feirste.
Ó 1964 go dtí 1972, bhí sé ina Fheisire Parlaiminte i Stormont.
Bhain Austin Currie cáil amach i 1968 nuair a chuir sé in aghaidh chinneadh na n-údarás áitiúil i gCo Thír Eoghain teach cónaithe a chur ar fáil do bhean shingil. Bhí an bhean, 19 bliain d'aois, ag obair do pholaiteoir aontachtach, cé gur mhó an riachtanas a bhí ar theaghlaigh Chaitliceacha sa cheantar.
Ina dhiaidh sin, i 1970, bhí Austin Currie ar dhuine de bhunaitheoirí an SDLP in éindí le John Hume, Ivan Cooper, Gerry Fitt, Paddy Devlin agus Paddy O'Hanlon. Bhí sé ina bhall den Tionól, Tuaisceart na hÉireann, idir 1973 - 1975.
Chuaigh sé chun cónaithe i gCo Chill Dara sna hochtóidí agus bhí sé ina iarrthóir ag Fine Gael i dtoghchán na hUachtaránachta i 1990.
Toghadh ina Theachta Dála i mBaile Átha Cliath é agus bhí sé ina Aire Stáit i ranna éagsúla idir 1994 agus 1997.
Chaill sé a shuíochán san olltoghchán in 2002 agus d'éirigh sé as an bpolaitíocht.
Bhí cúigear clainne air, a n-iníon an Seanadóir Emer Currie ina measc.
Fuair Austin Currie bás ina chodladh ag a theach cónaithe i nDoire an Mhuillinn i gCo. Chill Dara ar 9 Samhain 2021, agus é ina 82 bhliain. Tá sé curtha in Éadan na dTorc i dTír Eoghain.
Dúirt an tUachtarán, Micheál D. Ó hUigínn, ar bhás Austin Currie, "Tá polaiteoir tiomanta, macánta, an-dúthrachtach caillte ag Éirinn, fear a raibh ionchur suntasach aige i saol an iliomad daoine ar fud na hÉireann le linn gairmréim éagsúil agus dhúshlánach."
Stokely Carmichael

Gníomhaí agus eagraí ab ea Kwame Ture (a rugadh mar Stokely Standiford Churchill Carmichael; 29 Meitheamh 1941 – 15 Samhain 1998). Bhí lámh ar leith aige mar cheannaire sa nGluaiseacht Chearta Sibhialta sna Stáit Aontaithe agus sa ngluaiseacht Pan-Afracach. Aithnítear é mar an duine is mó a d’fhorbair an coincheap agus an ghluaiseacht Black Power.
Rugadh Carmichael ar Oileán na Tríonóide i Muir Chairib agus tógadh é i gCathair Nua-Eabhrac ó 11 bliain d’aois. Chuir sé tús lena chuid gníomhaíochais agus é ag freastal ar Bronx High School of Science. Bhí Carmichael i measc na ngníomhaithe ar an gcéad Freedom Ride i 1961 agus é 19 bliana d’aois. In 1964, chuaigh sé ina ghníomhaí cearta vótála in Mississippi agus in Alabama le SNCC (Coiste Comhordúcháin Mhic Léinn Neamhfhoréigneach). Ní fada gur osclaíodh súile Carmichael ag an gciníochas sistéamach a bhí mar chuid láidir den Pháirtí Daonlathach agus d’éirigh sé as an ngníomhaíochas sa gcóras polaitíochta.
In 1966, ainmníodh Carmichael mar chathaoirleach de SNCC. Le SNCC, thug Carmichael a chéad óráid cháiliúil ar Black Power. Ba mhór an tionchar iad Frantz Fanon agus Malcolm X ar dhearcaí Carmichael. Dá bharr sin, d’iompaigh SNCC ina eagraíocht níos radacaí faoi cheannasaíocht Carmichael. Chuir an grúpa béim láidir ar Black Power mar a sprioc agus a phrionsabal is mó.
Bhí an ghluaiseacht Black Power, an ráiteas, agus Carmichael féin conspóideach, go háirid i measc Meiriceánach bán agus rialtas na Stát Aontaithe. Chuir COINTELPRO, clár de chuid an FBI in aghaidh gníomhaithe gorma, targaid air. I meamram sa bhliain 1968, scríobh J. Edgar Hoover, stiúrthóir an FBI, go raibh eagla air gurbh é Carmichael an chéad “meisias” gorm eile. Bhí sé mar aidhm ag Hoover íomhá bhréagach a chur ar Carmichael mar ghíomhaire rúnda de chuid an CIA. D’éirigh leis an iarracht seo agus cuireadh Carmichael amach as SNCC agus d’iompaigh cuid mhaith de na Black Panthers (Huey P. Newton ina measc) ina aghaidh, rud a chuir a shaol féin i mbaol.
Dá bharr seo, theith Carmichael go dtí an Afraic Thiar. Chuir sé faoi i nGána i dtosach agus sa nGuine in 1969. Is ann a ghlac sé lena ainm nua, Kwame Ture, agus a chuaigh sé i bhfeachtas ar son an Phan-Afracachais Réabhlóidigh Shóisialaigh.
Fuair sé bás d’ailse phróstataigh i 1998 sa Ghuine.
Agus é ina chónaí sa nGuine, chothaigh Carmichael aontacht idir gluaiseachtaí agus gníomhaithe ar fud an domhain, gníomhaithe Poblachtánacha i dTuaisceart na hÉireann ina measc, chomh maith le hEagraíocht Shaoirse na Palaistíne (PLO) agus an American Indian Movement.
In 1966, ag freagairt droch-chaint ar an ngluaiseacht Black Power, thug Carmichael óráid ina luaigh sé an pobal Éireannach sna Stáit Aontaithe agus an caighdeán dúbailte a bhí ann, dar leis:
Tesco Ireland

Is é Tesco Ireland an brainse Éireannach de Tesco plc. Is é Tesco Ireland an tsraith ollmhargaí is mó in Éirinn. Tá ollmhargaí acu faoin ainm "Tesco" den chuid is mó, chomh maith le "Tesco Extra" le haghaidh siopaí níos mó, agus "Tesco Express" i gcomhair siopaí beaga.
Ba é Tesco Ireland an t-ainm a bhí ar ghrúpa ollmhargaí in Éirinn sna 1980idí. Sa bhliain 1986 díoladh iad chuig an comhlacht H Williams a d'imigh as trádáil an bhliain dár gcionn.
B'ollmhargadh in Éirinn a thosaigh sna 1970idí é Quinnsworth. Bhí an t-ainm Crazy Prices tugtha acu ar a gcuid siopaí móra. Ba é Associated British Foods (ABF) an t-úinéir. I 1997 díoladh iad chuig Tesco plc agus foirmíodh "Tesco Ireland". Chomh maith leis seo cheannaigh Tesco Lifestyle Sports, ach de bharr ceannach thar barr amach ag an mbainistíocht díchumaiscíodh é.
De réir a chéile athraíodh ainmneacha na siopaí chuig "Tesco Ireland", agus baineadh úsáid as leagan gorm de lógó Tesco.
Anois tá Tesco ag cur an lógó a úsáidtear sa Bhreatain ar a gcuid siopaí agus tá an lógó "Tesco Ireland" ag imeacht as úsáid.
Tá Tesco faoi bhrú faoi láthair chun a gcuid praghsanna a ísliú mar gheall ar an mbearna ollmhór idir na praghsanna i bPoblacht na hÉireann agus na praghsanna i dTuaisceart na hÉireann.
The Voice of Ireland (sraith 2)

Is comórtas amhránaíochta teilifíse cruthaithe ag John de Mol é The Voice of Ireland (Gaeilge: Guth na hÉireann). Thosaigh an dara sraith de The Voice of Ireland ar 6 Eanáir 2013 agus chríochnaigh sé ar 28 Aibreán 2013. Thóg sé ar siúl i The Helix i mBaile Átha Cliath.
B'iad Bressie, Kian Egan, Sharon Corr agus Jamelia na breithiúna don tsraith seo. D'fhág Sharon tar éis an tsraith seo. Bhuaigh Keith Hanley an tsraith agus tháinig Kelly Mongan sa dara háit.
Tar éis na Éisteachtaí nDall bhí 12 ealaíontóir ar na bhfoirne.
D'fhág Sharon Corr tar éis an tsraith seo.
The Voice of Ireland (sraith 1)

Is comórtas amhránaíochta teilifíse cruthaithe ag John de Mol é The Voice of Ireland (Gaeilge: Guth na hÉireann). Thosaigh an chéad sraith de The Voice of Ireland ar 8 Eanáir 2012 agus chríochnaigh sé ar 29 Aibreán 2012. Thóg sé ar siúl i The Helix i mBaile Átha Cliath.
B'iad Bressie, Kian Egan, Sharon Corr agus Brian Kennedy na breithiúna don tsraith seo. D'fhág Brian tar éis an tsraith seo. Bhuaigh Pat Byrne an tsraith agus tháinig Richie Hayes sa dara háit.
Tar éis na Éisteachtaí nDall bhí 12 ealaíontóir ar na bhfoirne.
D'fhág Brian Kennedy tar éis an tsraith seo.
The Voice of Ireland

Is comórtas amhránaíochta teilifíse cruthaithe ag John de Mol é The Voice of Ireland (Gaeilge: Guth na hÉireann), a craoladh ar dtús in Éirinn sa bhliain 2012. Tairgtear conradh taifeadta le Universal Music Ireland do bhuaiteoir an tseó gurb fhiú €100,000 é.
B'iad Brian Kennedy, Sharon Corr agus Dolores Ní Ríordáin agus Jamelia, Bressie, Kian Egan, Rachel Stevens agus Una Foden na breithiúna ar an seó.
Is iad buaiteoirí an chláir; Pat Byrne, Keith Hanley, Brendan McCahey, Patrick Donoghue agus Michael Lawson.
Eochair:
Sléacht Annie's Bar

Tharla Lámhach Top of the Hill, nó Sléacht Annie's Bar (Tábhairne Bharr an Chnoic), ar 20 Nollaig 1972 ar an Strabane Old Road, sa cheantar Waterside i nDoire. Dúnmharaíodh cúigearː Charlie McCafferty (31, Caitliceach), Frank McCarron (58, Caitliceach), Charles Moore (31, Protastúnach), Barney Kelly (26, Caitliceach) agus Michael McGinley (37, Caitliceach).
Níor gabhadh aon duine riamh. Maíodh go raibh baill de chuid an UDA gníomhach in eachtraí foréigin, iad seicteach nó ciníoch.
Dúnmharíodh triúr eile ar an lá céannaː
Tim Pat Coogan

Staraí agus iriseoir Éireannach is ea Timothy Patrick Coogan (Gaeilge: Tadhg Pádraig Ó Cuagáin), a rugadh i mBaile Átha Cliath ar 22 Aibreán 1935. Ba i mBéarla a scríobh sé a chuid saothair. Toghadh é mar eagarthóir ar an Irish Press sa bhliain 1968. Fuair sé a chuid scolaíochta i gColáiste na Carraige Duibhe i mBaile Átha Cliath.
Bhí a athair, Ned Coogan (Edward, nó Éamann Ó Cuagáin mar a ghlaoigh sé air féin), ina bhall den IRA ag tús na 1920idí, agus Leas-Choimisinéir na nGardaí níos déanaí.
Buamáil Aldershot (1972)

Ar 22 Feabhra 1972, phléasc buama sa bhialann i mBeairic Aldershot, Hampshire, áit a raibh an 16th Parachute Brigade. Mharaigh an IRA Oifigiúil cúigear bean (lónadóirí iad go léir), sagart agus an garraíodóir.
Tharla Domhnach na Fola i nDoire ar 30 Eanáir 1972 agus bhí fonn mallaithe díoltais ar an IRA ina dhiaidh sin.
I bhfianaise an tsamhnais a chuir marú buamáil na mbeairicí in Aldershot ar an saol mór, srl. d'fhógair an tIRA Oifigiúil sos cogaidh ar 30 Bealtaine 1972.
Ciontaíodh Noel Jenkinson níos déanaí, cumannach agus Protastúnach as Contae na Mí. Cúisíodh san éagóir é, b'fhéidir. Fuair Jenkinson anbhás ar 9 Deireadh Fómhair 1976 i bpríosún Leicester, faoi chúinsí amhrasacha. Bhuail 'taom croi' é, ... agus 46 bliain in aois dó.
BBC Thuaisceart Éireann

Is é BBC Thuaisceart Éireann (Béarla: BBC Northern Ireland) an craoltóir teilifíse agus raidió is mó i dTuaisceart Éireann.
Ceann de réigiúin an BBC is ea BBC Thuaisceart Éireann, chomh maith le BBC Cymru/Wales sa Bhreatain Bheag agus BBC Alba in Albain. Tá 700 duine fostaithe acu i mBéal Feirste.
Tá Roinn na Gaeilge ag BBC Thuaisceart Éireann darb ainm BBC Gaeilge. Craolann siad cláracha raidió agus teilifíse i nGaeilge, an clár seanbhunaithe Blas san áireamh.
Iarnróid Thuaisceart Éireann

Is é Iarnróid Thuaisceart Éireann an t-oibritheoir iarnróid i dTuaisceart Éireann, ar a dtugtar freisin NI Railways nó Northern Ireland Railways agus, ar feadh tamaill ghairid, Ulster Transport Railway (UTR). Tá NIR, fochuideachta de chuid Translink ceann de ocht n-oibritheoirí traenach faoi úinéireacht phoiblí sa Ríocht Aontaithe, mar aon le Direct Rail Services, Northern Trains, Transport for Wales Rail, Southeastern, LNER, ScotRail, agus an TransPennine Express. Cuideachta Sealbhaíochta Iompar Éireann (NITHCo). Is iad Ulsterbus agus Metro an dá ghnólacht eile atá ag Translink
Reáchtálann NIR an tseirbhís traenach Enterprise idir Béal Feirste agus Baile Átha Cliath le hIarnród Éireann. Níl aon nasc leis an gcóras iarnróid sa Bhreatain.
Feidhmíonn an tseirbhís Enterprise idir Béal Feirste agus Baile Átha Cliath agus comhsholáthraíonn Iarnród Éireann agus Northern Ireland Rail an tseirbhís. Sna 2020idí, bhí infheistíocht €25 milliún déanta ag Rialtas na hÉireann sa tseirbhís agus is iad Ciste an Oileán Chomhroinnte/Roinn an Taoisigh agus an Roinn Iompair a bhí á mhaoiniú. Sa bhliain 2024, thosaigh traein ag imeacht idir Baile Átha Cliath agus Béal Feirste agus ar ais arís gach uair an chloig.
Doire Thoir (Toghcheantar Tionóil)

Is toghcheantar tionóil é Doire Thoir ar Thionól Thuaisceart Éireann.
D'úsáideadh an suíochán den chéad uair i dtoghchán do Thuaisceart Éireann amháin, d’Fhóram Thuaisceart Éireann i 1996. Ó 1998, tá baill tofa aige don Tionól reatha.
Tá iarrthóirí rathúil i gcló trom
Iúr Cinn Trá agus Ard Mhacha (Toghcheantar na Ríochta Aontaithe)

NB:Maidir le dáilcheantair eile den ainm céanna, féach Iúr Cinn Trá agus Ard Mhacha (Toghcheantar Tionóil).
Is toghcheantar i dTeach Theachtaí na Ríochta Aontaithe é Iúr Cinn Trá agus Ard Mhacha. Cruthaíodh sa bhliain 1983 é.
I mí na Bealtaine 2015, toghadh Mickey Brady (SF) den chéad uair ina theachta parlaiminte agus atoghadh é sna Olltoghcháin i 2017 agus 2019.
Toghadh Dáire Hughes san Olltoghchán 2024.
Fraincis Shasana Nua

Canúint Fraincise atá nasctha leis an bhFraincis Cheanadach is ea Fraincis Shasana Nua (as Fraincis: Français de Nouvelle-Angleterre). De réir figiúirí ón mbliain 2015, labhraíonn thart ar 170,000 daoine Fraincis Shasana Nua agus na daoine sin ina gcónaí i Sasana Nua.
Tá Fraincis Shasana Nua ar cheann desna cineálacha Fraincise a tháinig chun cinn sa réigiún sin ar a dtugtar Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá anois. Is iad na cineálacha Fraincise eile atá á labhairt ann, nó a bhíodh á labhairt tráth, ná Fraincis Louisiana, Fraincis Missouri, atá ag dul in éag, Fraincis an Mhuscfhrancaigh agus Fraincis na Métis, nó an cineál Fraincise sin a bhíodh á labhairt agesna daoine de chine measctha. Má chuirtear an Fhraincis chaighdeánach as an áireamh, is í Fraincis Shasana Nua an sóirt Fraincise is forleithne i Sasana Nua - ach amháin i nGleann San Seáin, áit atá suite i dtuaisceart an chontae Aroostook, i Maine, ina bhfuil an Fhraincis Acadach níos láidre ná í.
Tar éis an Chéad Chogaidh Dhomhanda, do glacadh le dlíthe chun cosc oifigiúil a chur ar an dtumoideachas dátheangach lasmuigh de ranganna teangan amháin. Níos déanaí, sna blianta 1960 agus 1970, dheineadh scoileanna poiblí áirithe i Shasana Nua iarracht stop a chur le labhairt na Fraincise i measc mac léinn. Le blianta anuas, áfach, tá tóir úr tagtha ar ar an dteagasc dátheangach i Sasana Nua agus, ón mbliain 1987 ar aghaidh, do cuireadh scéimeanna nua ar bun chun cabhrú leis an modh teagaisc sin. Ón mbliain 2010 amach, áfach, tá laghdú ag teacht ar an oideachas dátheangach agus ar mhúineadh teangacha eachtrannacha i gcoitinne, laghdú a bhfuil a rian le feiscint i líon na ndaoine óga a bhfuil Fraincis Shasana Nua ar a dtoil acu. Fós féin, i gcathracha ar nós Lewiston, cuireadh scéimeanna cultúir ar bun le déanaí atá dírithe go príomha ar dhaoine níos aosta a bhfuil an chanúint acu agus theifigh Afracacha ó thíortha ina labhraítear an Fhraincis.
Abdullah al-Hamid

File as an Araib Shádach, ollamh Araibise, gníomhaí cearta daonna agus comhbhunaitheoir de chuid Chumann Cearta Sibhialta agus Polaitiúla na hAraibe Sádaí (ACPRAعبد الله حامد علي الحامد) ab ea Abdullah Hamid Ali al-Hamid (1950 -2020) عبد الله حامد علي الحامد nó Abu Bilal. Cuireadh i bpríosún é arís agus arís eile toisc go raibh se ag éileamh go mbunófaí monarcacht bhunreachtúil san Araib Shádach .
I mí na Bealtaine 2005, gearradh pianbhreith seacht mbliana príosúin ar an Dr Abdullah al-Hamid as showing dissent and disobeying the ruler tar éis dó leasúcháin a iarraidh. Tugadh pardún dó agus scaoileadh saor é ar 8 Lúnasa 2005
Sa bhliain 2008, chaith al-Hamid téarma príosúnachta ceithre mhí as incitement to protest tar éis dó tacú le léirsiú de mhná a bhí i mbun agóide faoi choinneáil gaolta. Tharla an léirsiú os comhair phríosún Buraidah, i lár na hAraibe Sádaí. In amanna, d'iompaigh léirsithe marfach, i gcúige thoir na hAraibe Sádaí, ag baill de ghrúpa mionlaigh de chuid na Siach, a bhi ag iarraidh go scaoilfí saor príosúnaigh. Sa bhliain 2018, bronnadh an gradam Right Livelihood Awardair agus ar Waleed Abulkhair, in éineacht le gníomhaithe eile a bhí i bpríosún, as "their visionary and courageous efforts, guided by universal human rights principles, to reform the totalitarian political system in Saudi Arabia.
Doire Saor

Ba cheantar féinrialaitheach é Doire Saor (Béarla: Free Derry) i nDoire Cholmcille, idir 1969 agus 1972. Chruthaigh daoine ó Thaobh an Phortaigh, an Creagán agus an Seantalamh baracáidí ar na sráideanna timpeall an cheantair. Níor thug siad cead don R.U.C nó Arm na Breataine dul isteach sa cheantar.
Tugadh an t-ainm Free Derry ar an áit, nuair a scríobh duine "You Are Now Entering Free Derry" ar bhalla bhinn i dTaobh an Phortaigh. Phéinteáil an mana don chéad uair i mí Eanáir 1969 (cúinne, Bóthar Lecky agus Sráid Fahan).
I ndeireadh na seascaidí, thosaigh feachtas ar son cearta vótála agus tithíochta sa chathair. Rinne Rialtas na Sé gContaetha iarracht an ghluaiseacht cearta sibhialta a chur faoi chois le lámh láidir. Ach d'eascair feachtas fuilteach as an iarracht sin.
Dúnadh ceantair iomlána sa chathair agus bhí círéibeacha fuilteacha ann ón mbliain 1968 i leith.
Ón 12 Lúnasa go dtí an 14 Lúnasa 1969, bhí ina chogadh dearg idir péas Dhoire agus na náisiúnaithe áitiúla - "Cath Thaobh an Bhogaigh", mar a thugtar air.
I mí Lúnasa, mar chuid den 'Ráiteas Downing Street', gheall rialtas na Breataine athleasuithe.
Is minic a deir na hAontachtóirí gurbh í gluaiseacht na gceart sibhialta a chuir tús leis na Trioblóidí. Is é a mbarúil-san gur chuir an feachtas an rialtas ag guagaíl, ionas go ndeachaigh na dreamanna paraimíleata sa bhearna a hosclaíodh. Tá na náisiúnaithe den tuairim, áfach, nach raibh i gceist le feachtas na gceart sibhialta ná rudaí a tharraing rialtas seicteach an Tuaiscirt anuas air féin.
Ar 8 Iúil 1971, mharaigh Arm na Breataine beirt fhear óg, Séamas Cusack agus Desmond Beattie, i nDoire. Ba chor cinniúnach é le linn na dTrioblóidí; chaill an pobal muinín san arm timpeall an ama seo.
Tharraing an SDLP as Stormont ar 14 Iúil. Tugadh an t-imtheorannú isteach cúpla seachtain níos déanaí, ar an 9 Lúnasa 1971 (fiosrúchán neamhoifigiúil).
Rinne Arm na Breataine ionradh ar Thaobh an Bhogaigh, an príomhcheantar Caitliceach, ar an 31 Iúil 1972, mar chuid den Operation Motorman agus tháinig deireadh le Doire Saor.
Marianus Scottus

Manach agus croiniceoir Gaelach ab ea Marianus Scottus (Gaeilge: Muiredach mac Robartaig); (1028- circa. 1081) a bhunaigh an mhainistir Kloster Weih Sankt Peteri (Mainistir Naomh Peadar) i Ratisbona. Scríobh sé féin a leasainm le dhá t ("Scottus", cf. Vín, Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hOstaire, Cod. 1247).
Is dócha gurb in iarthuaisceart Uladh a rugadh é, agus gur bhain sé leis an teaghlach 'Maic Robartaig', a bhí ina chomharba eaglasta agus ina choimeadaithe oidhreachtúla Chathach Cholm Cille.
Chuaigh sé isteach i mainistir Mhagh Bhile, (i mBaile Nua na hArda, Contae an Dúin) nuair a bhí sé 24 bliana d’aois.
Sa bhliain 1067 d’fhág sé a thír dhúchais, agus é ar oilithreach le beirt chompánach darb ainm Johannes agus Candidus chun na Róimhe.
Ar an mbealach ansin ina ionad sin chinn sé ar dhul isteach i mainistir Michelsberg in aice le Bamberg mar Bheinidicteach. Tuairiscítear go hanacronachas gur spreag an tEaspag Otto von Bamberg é féin agus a chompánaigh chun páirt a ghlacadh ann. Bhog Marianus go Regensburg ar a dhéanaí i 1074, áit a bhfuair sé lóistín i mainistir mná Niedermünster i dtosach (b’fhéidir roimhe sin freisin i mainistir mná Obermünster) agus tháirg sé lámhscríbhinní le haghaidh maireachtála.
Sa bhliain 1075/1076 bhronn máthairab Obermünster Eaglais Choiscthe Naomh Peadar air, áit ar shocraigh sé agus ar bhunaigh sé pobal mainistreach sa deireadh, a mhéadaigh go tapa ag oilithrigh Éireannacha eile agus bhí sé i gceannas ar mhodh aba (go hoifigiúil bhí sé i seilbh na hoifige mar ab). De réir a chéile ba núicléas do mhainistreacha na nGael iad, mainistir Weih Sankt Peter agus mainistir Éireannach Naomh Jakob, a bunaíodh i Regensburg go luath ina dhiaidh sin (cé gur tar éis bhás Marianus atharla sin). Mastar gurb é Marianus athair bunaitheach na mainistreacha Gaelacha (Schottenkloster) seo amháin.
Ag tús na 1080idí, is dócha i 1081, d’éag Marianus. Tar éis a bháis, beannaíodh é agus ceiliúrtar a lá féasta an 17 Aibreán, nó, de réir na Bollandistes, an 9ú Feabhra.
Scríobh Marianus Cronica Clara, a mhaíonn gur 'stair uilíoch' í, ó chruthú an domhain go dtí an bhliain 1082. Faightear dé-chóras uimhrithe bunaithe ar míthuiscint go ndearna Dionysius Exiguus botún 22 bliain ina chuid socruithe. An-mór le rá a bhí an croinic le linn na meánaoise agus, i Sasana, baineadh an-úsáid as, ag John of Worcester agus scríbhneoirí eile. Foilsíodh é ar dtús i mBasel sa bhliain 1559 agus d'eagraigh Georg Waitz é le réamhrá ar son Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores, iml. V.
Ne Temere (forógra na hEaglaise Caitlicí)

Forógra na hEaglaise Caitlicí is ea Ne Temere. Má tá pósadh measctha ann, chaithfí na leanaí a thógáil leis an gcreideamh Caitliceach. Níor cheadaigh an Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach pósadh measctha san 1900idí gan siniú na foraithne Ne Temere.
Fógraíodh an Chuallacht don Chléir, faoi choimirce an Phápa Pius X, Ne Temere sa bhliain 1907 agus tháinig an forógra i bhfeidhm ar 19 Aibreán 1908.
Tharraing an forógra conspóid in Éirinn go háirithe; d'éiligh na heaspaí go mbeadh gach clann ag cloí go docht le Ne Termere.
Ar 5 Eanáir 1911, tháinig slua mór agóideoirí le chéile i Halla Tionóil Bhéal Feirste le cur in aghaidh Ne Termere.
Toisc gur ghnáthnós sóisialta a bhí sa phósadh agus toisc go raibh fonn ar cheannairí an Stáit nua idé-eolaíocht Chaitliceach, thraidisiúnta, náisiúnach a chur i bhfeidhm, cuireadh béim ar leith ar an bpósadh, ar an teaghlach agus ar ról na mná sa phósadh agus sa teaghlach i ndiaidh bhunú an tSaorstáit in 1922.
Sa bhliain 1950 a thángthas ar bhreith i gcás thábhachtach. Protastúnach fir darbh ainm Ernest Tilson a phós cailín Caitliceach Rómhánach agus a shínigh an fhoraithne Ne Termere roimhe sin, shocraigh sé dó féin (mar a shocraigh fir eile roimhe) nach dtabharfadh sé aon aird ar an rud a bhí sínithe aige (rud nár dhoiciméad stáit) agus go dtógfaí a gclann ina bProtastúnaigh i ndiaidh an iomláin. Thug sé an chlann ar shiúl óna máthair. Pleadh an chúis sa Chúirt Uachtarach - agus socraíodh go gcaithfeadh seisean agus gach aon duine eile feasta cur leis na gealltanais a rinne siad sular phós siad.
Ar bhealach thug breithiúnas Eaglais agus Stáit níos giorra dá chéile. Ag an am sin, níor cheadaigh an Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach pósadh measctha gan síniú na foraithne Ne Temere - agus ón bhliain 1950 ar aghaidh in Éirinn, bhí tacaíocht Stáit leis an fhoraithne.
Mar sin d’éirigh leis an Eaglais Chaitliceach smacht ní ba dhaingne a fháil ar choinbhinsiúin an phósta Chaitlicigh sna 1900idí.
Tháinig creimeadh tubaisteach agus leanúnach ar an bpobal Protastúnach in Éirinn ó Dheas, mar gheall ar thosca éagsúla, Ne Temere ina measc.
Pennsylvania Abolition Society

Ar an 14 Aibreán 1775, bunaíodh an Society for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage. nó mar atá aithne air inniu, an Pennsylvania Abolition Society.
Bunaíodh an cumann sa Rising Sun Tavern i bhFilideilfia. Bhí an chéad ghrúpa a bhí i mbun feachtais ar son chealú na sclábhaíochta ar fud na gcríocha as a ndearnadh Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá ina dhiaidh sin.
Caisleán Chill Tartan

Túrtheach agus Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta is ea Caisleán Chill Tartan atá suite i gContae na Gaillimhe, Éire.
Tá Caisleán Chill Tartan i bparóiste dlí Chill Tartan. Tá sé 2.8 km (1.7 míle) ó thuaidh ó Ghort, ar bhruach thiar Abhainn an Ghoirt.
Tógadh an túrtheach sna 1280dí, le linn réimeas Éadbhard I mar Thiarna na hÉireann.
Scriosadh é sna 1650dí le linn choncas Chromail.
Maireann cuid den dá stór, le staighre bíseach 3-stór agus roinnt poll lámhaigh.
Teampall Ráth Teas

Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta (57) is ea Teampall Ráth Teas, eaglais na meánaoise le cloch Oghaim inti, suite i dTrá Lí, Éire.
Tá an eaglais suite i reilig ar tSráid Quill, sna fo-bhailte oirthreacha Thrá Lí, ag 52° 16′ 01″ N, 9° 40′ 55″ O﻿ / ﻿52.267007°N,9.681814°W﻿ / 52.267007; -9.681814
Creidtear gur tógadh ráth (Ráth Mhaighe Theas) ar an suíomh ar dtús,, sular tógadh an eaglais a bhí ina lárionad deoise Chiarraí ó 1111 go 1117, nuair a bogadh an ardeaglais chuig Ard Fhearta. Is leis an tógáil seo an bhinn thiar agus cuid de bhallaí na meánlainne; tógadh an chuid eile den eaglais níos deireanaí.
I bhfad níos sine is ea an chloch Oghaim. De réir fianaise na gramadaí, creidtear go dtéann sí siar go dtí AD 550–600.
Is eaglais Rómhánúil atá inti. Tógadh í sa 10ú haois AD, le tomhas 16 m ar airde, 7.5 m ar leithead, agus achar 120 m, as cloch gainimh, aolchloch agus moirtéal.
Is cloch gainimh chorcra í an chloch, le tomhas 145 × 34 × 20 cm. D'aimsíodh í sa bhliain 1975 in rith glanta; cuireadh í isteach i dtaobh lusca tuama den 19ú haois. Léitear an inscríbhinn:
Caisleán Dhún Mó

is caisleán agus Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta suite in aice leis an Uaimh, Éire, é Caisleán Dhún Mó.
Tá Caisleán Dhún Mó suite ar bhruach thiar thuaidh na Bóinne, 4 km (2.5 mhíle) soir ó thuaidh ón Uaimh.
Is dócha go dtagann an logainm ón nGaeilge Dún mBó, a thugann le tuiscint go raibh dún Gaelach ar an suíomh seo roimh an gcaisleán níos déanaí. Tógadh an caisleán do theaghlach D'Arcy i lár an 15ú haois agus marcáilte ar imeall thiar An Pháil. De réir an tSuirbhéireachta Sibhialta (1654–6) ba le Thomas Darcy an paróiste ar fad agus san áitreabh bhí ‘Caisleán, Eaglais, Muileann, Úllord agus cora iascaireachta’.
Le linn choncas Chromail ar Éirinn sa bhliain 1649 scaoileadh leis an gCaisleán ón mbruach theas ag trúpaí a rith ar a mbealach ó Dhroichead Átha go Baile Átha Buí, ach sheachain sé aon damáiste dáiríre.
De réir an fhinscéalta, thug an áititheoir, George d’Arcy, óstáil do Rí Séamas an oíche roimh Chath na Bóinne (1690) agus don Rí Liam an lá ina dhiaidh sin, ag spreagadh an chupla: “Who will be king, I do not know, But I'll be d'Arcy of Dunmoe."
D’fhéadfadh gur ón 18ú haois é an foirgneamh dhá stór atá ceangailte ar an taobh thoir. Taispeánann líníocht de 1795 an caisleán slán. Dóitear é le linn Éirí Amach na hÉireann 1798. Níl fágtha anois ach an dá thúr theas agus roinnt ballaí.
Daingean Angla-Normannach atá sa chaisleán. Dronuilleog a bhí ann ar dtús (15 × 10 m, 16 × 11 slat) le túr ag gach cúinne. Tá dhá cheann de na túir seo scriosta mar a rinneadh ar chúl iomlán an chaisleáin.
Tá urlár na talún curtha faoi thalamh ach bhí boghtach ann agus bhí lochta agus poll lámhaigh ar an mballa theas agus ar an staighre ráille sa túr thiar theas. Tá tuamaí na D'Arcys i séipéal in aice láimhe.
Teach Naomh Mochta

Is aireagal meánaoiseach agus Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta i gContae Lú, Éire é Teach Naomh Mochta.
Tá Teach Naomh Mochta suite siar ó thuaidh ó shráidbhaile Lú.
Bhí Mochta (b. AD 535/543) ina dheisceabal ag Naomh Pádraig agus bhunaigh sé mainistir i sráidbhaile Lú c. 528. Níl aon iarsmaí fisiceacha ón luath-mhainistir. Is iad na foirgnimh fhothrach ar an suíomh inniu ná séipéal 13ú haois Phrióireacht Naomh Mhuire, Lú agus an t-aireagal ar a dtugtar Teach Naomh Mochta, a chreidtear a tógadh ón dara leath den dara haois déag, cé go bhfuil roinnt foinsí ann roimhe sin, sa cheantar. 9ú-11ú haois.
Tá go leor foirgneamh cloiche in Éirinn ar a bhfuil ainmneacha tithe na naomh, mar shampla Teach Naomh Colm, Ceanannas, Co. na Mí. Deirtear go bhfuil uaigh nó iarsmaí an naoimh teidil i bhformhór na bhfoirgneamh seo. 'San mbliadhain 1242, do réir Annála Chonnacht, "Do ghabh Ard-Easpag Ard Mhacha agus abba canónacha Éireann caibidil mhór d'órdughadh i Lú nuair a h-árdaíodh cuid de na h-iarsmaí do chruinnigh Mochta ón Róimh." Tugann sé sin le fios gur thug Mochta ar ais iarsmaí naomh eile ón Róimh, ach b’fhéidir freisin gur cuireadh a chnámha féin leo.
Thóg Comhairle Contae Lú an balla mórthimpeall i 1906, agus rinne Oifig na nOibreacha Poiblí obair chaomhnaithe i 1934.
Is foirgneamh dronuilleogach é Teach Naomh Mochta le díon boghtach bairille, agus seomra os a chionn ar féidir teacht air ag staighre inmheánach.
Liosta buamálacha le linn na dTrioblóidí

Seo liosta na bhuamálacha suntasacha a bhaineann le Na Trioblóidí i Thuaisceart Éireann agus a n-iarmhairtí. Áiríonn sé buamáil a tharla i dTuaisceart Éireann, i bPoblacht na hÉireann, agus sa Bhreatain Mhór ó 1968. Tharla ar a laghad 10,000 ionsaí buama le linn na coinbhleachta (1968–1998).
Ráig foréigin i dTuaisceart Éireann, Bealtaine 1974

Ar 7 Bealtaine 1974 thosaigh Óglaigh Uladh nó an "Drong Ghleann Anna” ag marú daoine neamhchiontacha as éadan i dTuaisceart Éireann le linn na dTrioblóidí..
Bhí feidhmeannas comhroinnte cumhachta (Comhaontú Sunningdale) i réim san am sin. Bhí na dílseoirí glan ina haghaidh; rinne an daonlathú agus an próiseas síochána dochar do sheasamh na dílseoirí, agus a gcuid pribhléidí faoi bhagairt. Bhí an teannas ag cur thar maoil i dTuaisceart Éireann. Bhí an fuath seicteach taobh thiar den slad chomh maith.
Phléasc ceanastarbhuama ag an teach tábhairne, Rose & Crown, ar 2 Bealtaine 1974 i mBéal Feirste. Maraíodh seisear (Caitlicigh go léir). Ciontaíodh beirt níos déanaí, déagóirí in aois 16 dóibh ag an am. Dúradh leo ionsaí a dhéanamh ar Chaitlicigh.
Tharla Buamálacha Bhaile Átha Cliath agus Mhuineacháin seachtain níos déanaí, ar 17 Bealtaine 1974.
Timeline of the Troubles

The Troubles were a period of conflict in Northern Ireland involving republican and loyalist paramilitaries, the British security forces and civilians. They are usually dated from the late 1960s to the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. However, sporadic violence has occurred since that time, with those involved often being referred to as "dissident republicans and loyalists". The Troubles, sometimes known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, claimed roughly 3500 lives.
Since partition, the IRA had started a number of operations in Northern Ireland designed at bringing about their goal of a United Ireland. The intensity of this activity increased towards the end of 1941, where the IRA decided to step up its campaign of attacks in Northern Ireland. In response to this activity the Unionist authorities under John Miller Andrews introduced internment and using provisions of the Emergency Powers Act, instituted increasingly restrictive policies in Northern Ireland. This pattern of paramilitary violence, followed by increasingly restrictive measures on the behalf of the authorities came to define the run-up to the Troubles.
Since 1964, civil rights activists had been protesting against the discrimination against Catholics and Irish nationalists by the Ulster Protestant and unionist government of Northern Ireland. The civil rights movement called for: 'one man, one vote'; the end to gerrymandered electoral boundaries; the end to discrimination in employment and in the allocation of public housing; repeal of the Special Powers Act; and the disbanding of the Ulster Special Constabulary.
Outline of the Troubles

The Troubles, a historical ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland that lasted about 30 years from the late 1960s to 1998. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, it is sometimes described as an "irregular war" or "low-level war". The conflict began in the late 1960s and is usually deemed to have ended with the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Although the Troubles mostly took place in Northern Ireland, at times violence spilled over into parts of the Republic of Ireland, England, and mainland Europe.
Laws in both the Republic of Ireland and the UK proscribe (ban) membership of a number of Irish republican and Ulster loyalist groups. Several other smaller paramilitary factions have appeared throughout the Troubles, and some groups have used cover-names to deflect responsibility for attacks.
In this context, operational refers to the period during which the 'official' paramilitary campaign was conducted.
Umbrella groups
Umbrella groups
In the table below:
Listing includes brief summary of ideology and position on the Good Friday Agreement 1998.
1921–1972
1998–
1921–1972 The Parliament of Northern Ireland:
1972–1998
1998–
Association for Protection of Civil Rights

Association for Protection of Civil Rights is a civil rights advocacy group comprising advocates, retired judges, social activists, human rights defenders, journalists, researchers, academics, students, and paralegal volunteers united in their commitment to advancing civil and human rights in India. APCR has steadfastly pursued its mission for 18 years and now operates across 18 states. The association is currently working in seventeen states
Association for Protection of Civil Rights is Established in 2006 as a registered society, APCR focuses on promoting and protecting the rights of India’s nderprivileged and marginalized communities.
APCR's lawyers, Researchers, social activists, and paralegal volunteers visits different parts of India to investigate the cases of human rights violations in association with other human rights organizations and present reports to flag the issue pertinent to the case. Some of these fact-findings and reports have led to directly impactful legal interventions, the Udaipur fact-finding report and the victim mentioned herein filed an intervention in an ongoing case in SC which became instrumental in the bench’s decision on drafting guidelines on punitive bulldozer demolitions.
Jill Ireland

Jill Dorothy Ireland (24 April 1936 – 18 May 1990) was an English actress and singer.
Born in Hounslow South West London, England. She was the daughter of a wine importer. She was educated at Chatsworth Junior School in Hounslow. She lived at 'Chertsey' on Maswell Park Road in Hounslow.
Ireland began acting in the mid-1950s with small roles in films such as Simon and Laura (1955) and Three Men in a Boat (1956). She appeared with first husband David McCallum in Robbery Under Arms and five episodes of The Man from U.N.C.L.E.: "The Quadripartite Affair" (season 1, episode 3, 1964), "The Giuoco Piano Affair" (season 1, episode 7, 1964), "The Tigers Are Coming Affair" (season 2, episode 8, 1965), and a two-parter "The Five Daughters Affair" (season 3, episodes 28 & 29, 1967).
She appeared in 16 films with second husband Charles Bronson between 1970 and 1987, and was involved in two of Bronson’s other films as a producer. The last of these films, Assassination (1987), was her biggest role in terms of screen time, with Ireland playing the First Lady of the United States and Bronson a Secret Service agent assigned to protect her. During her marriage to Bronson, Ireland appeared in only one TV episode, one made-for-TV movie and one theatrical film that didn't star her husband.
In 1957, Ireland married actor David McCallum, whom she met while working on Hell Drivers. They had two sons, Paul and Valentine, and adopted a third, Jason. McCallum and Ireland separated in 1965 and divorced in 1967. Jason McCallum died of a drug overdose in 1989.
Villa Rides marked the first of many appearances by Ireland in films with her future husband Charles Bronson. In 1968, Ireland married Bronson. She had met him when he and McCallum were filming The Great Escape (1963) some years earlier. Together they had a daughter, Zuleika, and adopted a daughter, Katrina. They remained married until Ireland's death in 1990.
Ireland was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1984. After her diagnosis, Ireland wrote two books, chronicling her battle with the disease. At the time of her death, she was writing a third book and became a spokeswoman for the American Cancer Society. In 1988, she testified before the U.S. Congress about medical costs and was given the American Cancer Society's Courage Award by Ronald Reagan when US president.
In 1990, Ireland died of breast cancer at her home in Malibu, California. She was cremated and her ashes were placed in a walking cane which Charles Bronson had buried with him at Brownsville Cemetery in Vermont when he died in 2003.
For her contribution to the film industry, Jill Ireland has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6751 Hollywood Boulevard.
In 1991, Ireland was portrayed by Jill Clayburgh in the made-for-television film Reason for Living: The Jill Ireland Story. The film, which was based on Ireland's memoir Lifelines and listed her posthumously as an executive producer, received mixed reviews from critics. To prepare for the role, Clayburgh, who had never met Ireland, read Lifelines and listened to Ireland's recorded interviews.
1968 Irish constitutional referendums

Two referendums, related to the Third and Fourth Amendment of the Constitution Bills, were held in Ireland on 16 October 1968, each on a proposed amendment of the Irish constitution relating to the electoral system. Both proposals were rejected.
The Third Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland Bill 1968 define the apportionment of constituency boundaries in a manner which would have allowed a greater degree of divergence of the ratio between population and constituencies.
The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland Bill 1968 proposed to alter the electoral system for elections to Dáil Éireann from proportional representation by means of the Single transferable vote to the First-past-the-post voting system.
Elections to Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives in the Oireachtas, are governed by Article 16 of the Constitution.
In 1959, the Fianna Fáil government of Éamon de Valera put the Third Amendment of the Constitution Bill to a referendum, which proposed to replace the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV) with first-past-the-post (FPTP). The referendum was defeated by 51.8% to 48.8%, on the same day on which de Valera had won the presidential election.
John O'Donovan, a former Fine Gael TD, challenged the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1959, which had been proposed by a previous Fianna Fáil government, on the basis that there were "grave inequalities" with "no relevant circumstances to justify" them. In O'Donovan v. Attorney-General (1961), Gardner Budd held for the High Court that the Act was unconstitutional. The court, interpreting the "so far as it is practicable" condition of the Constitution, suggested a 5% variation as the limit without exceptional circumstances.
In 1968, the Fianna Fáil government of Jack Lynch proposed two constitutional amendments on the electoral system for election to Dáil Éireann: the Third Amendment of the Constitution Bill, which would have allowed for greater divergence in the ratio of population to constituencies, and the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution Bill, a second proposal to introduce FPTP voting in single-member constituencies. The opposition parties Fine Gael and Labour Party described the two bills in 1968 as a combined attempt by Fianna Fáil to rig the electoral system in its favour.
The third bill was proposed in the Dáil by Taoiseach Jack Lynch on 21 February 1968. It passed its Second Reading on 3 April by 72 votes to 59. It passed final stages in the Dáil on 20 June. On 30 July 1968, it passed final stages in the Seanad by 26 votes to 17. Referendums on both the Third Amendment Bill and the Fourth Amendment Bill were held on 16 October 1968.
The fourth bill to amend the constitution was also Lynch on 21 February 1968. It was opposed by Fine Gael and the Labour Party. On 3 July, it passed final stages in the Dáil by 66 to 56. On 30 July 1968, it passed final stages in the Seanad by 25 to 18.
The third bill proposed to change the text of Article 16.2.3° from:
to:
In the information supplied to voters, the subject matter of the referendum was described as follows:
Margo's Got Money Troubles

Margo's Got Money Troubles is an upcoming American drama television series created by David E. Kelley, based on the 2024 novel by Rufi Thorpe. It stars Elle Fanning and Nicole Kidman.
Margo's Got Money Troubles centers on Margo Millet, whose tumultuous journey unfolds as the daughter of a Hooters waitress and a former professional wrestler. After an affair with her junior college English professor leaves her pregnant, Margo turns to OnlyFans to support herself. Reconnecting with her estranged father, who shares wisdom gleaned from his wrestling days, Margo achieves remarkable success on OnlyFans.
It was announced in October 2023 that Elle Fanning and Nicole Kidman would star in and executive produce the series, which David E. Kelley will serve as showrunner on. In February 2024, Apple TV+ landed the rights to the series, with it receiving a straight to series order. In September, Michelle Pfeiffer joined the cast and will also serve as an executive producer. This marks the first time she has collaborated with Kelley, her husband. Nick Offerman and Thaddea Graham would be added to the cast in the following months. In February 2025, Marcia Gay Harden and Michael Angarano were cast in guest roles. In March 2025, Greg Kinnear, Lindsey Normington, Rico Nasty and Michael Workèyè joined the cast in series regular and recurring capacities, respectively.
Filming was due to begin in January 2025 in New York. It began instead in Los Angeles in February, and is expected to conclude in May.