davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
பாத்மா பேகம்

பாத்மா பேகம் (Fatma Begum) (1892-1983) இந்தியாவைச் சேர்ந்த, நடிகையும், இயக்குநரும், திரைக்கதை எழுத்தாளரும், தயாரிப்பாளரும் ஆவார். இவர் பெரும்பாலும் இந்தியத் திரையுலகின் முதல் பெண் திரைப்பட இயக்குநராக கருதப்படுகிறார். நான்கு ஆண்டுகளுக்குள், இவர் பல படங்களுக்கு கதைகளை எழுதவும், தயாரிக்கவும், இயக்கவும் செய்தார். இவர் "பாத்மா பிலிம்ஸ்" என்ற தனது சொந்த தயாரிப்பு நிறுவனத்தைத் தொடங்கினார். பின்னர் அது "விக்டோரியா-பாத்மா பிலிம்ஸ்" என ஆனது. மேலும் 1926 ஆம் ஆண்டில் புல்பூல்-இ-பரிஸ்தான் என்ற தனது முதல் படத்தை இயக்கினார். இவர் 1983இல் இறந்தார்.
பாத்மா பேகம் இந்தியாவில் உருது பேசும் முஸ்லிம் குடும்பத்தில் பிறந்தார். பிரித்தானியர்கள் காலத்தில் ஒரு சுதேச மாநிலமாக இருந்த சச்சின் அரசாட்சியைச் சேர்ந்த மூன்றாம் நவாப் சிதி இப்ராகிம் முஹம்மது யாகுத் கான் என்பவரை மணந்தார். ஆனாலும் இவர்களுக்கிடையே ஒரு திருமணம் அல்லது ஒப்பந்தம் நடந்ததாக எந்த பதிவும் இல்லை. இந்தியாவின் முதல் பேசும் படமான ஆலம் ஆரா (1931)வில் நடித்துள்ள சுபைதா பேகம், நடிகை சுல்தானா மற்றும் ஷேஷாதி என்ற மூன்று மகள்கள் இருந்தனர்.
இவர் தனது நடிப்பு வாழ்க்கையை உருது நாடக மேடையில் தஒடங்கிய இவர் படங்களுக்கு மாறி, இயக்குநர் அர்தேஷீர் இரானியின் வீர் அபிமன்யு (1922) என்ற உரையாடல்கள் இல்லாத படத்தில் அறிமுகமானார். நாடகங்களிலும் திரைப்படங்களிலும் ஆண்கள் பெண்களின் வேடத்தில் தோன்றுவதே அப்போது வழக்கமாக இருந்தது. எனவே இவர் ஒரு பெரிய பெண் உச்சநட்சத்திரம் ஆனார்.
1926 ஆம் ஆண்டில், இவர் பாத்மா பிலிம்ஸை நிறுவினார். பின்னர் அது 1928 இல் விக்டோரியா-பாத்மா பிலிம்ஸ் என்று அறியப்பட்டது. இவர் கற்பனைத் திரைப்படங்களின் முன்னோடியாக இருந்தார். அங்கு இவர் ஆரம்பகால சிறப்பு விளைவுகளை ஏற்படுத்த தந்திர பப்டபிடிப்புக் காட்சிகளை பயன்படுத்தினார். இவர் "கோஹினூர் ஸ்டுடியோஸ்" மற்றும் "இம்பீரியல் ஸ்டுடியோஸ்: ஆகியவற்றிலும் ஒரு நடிகையாக இருந்தார். அதே நேரத்தில் பாத்மா பிலிம்ஸில் தனது சொந்த படங்களுக்கு கதைகளை எழுதுவதும், இயக்குவதும், தயாரிப்பதும், நடிப்பதையும் கொண்டிருந்தார்.
பேகம் தனது 1926 திரைப்படமான புல்பூல்-இ-பாரிஸ்தான் மூலம் இந்தியத் திரைப்படத்துறையின் முதல் பெண் இயக்குநரானார். படத்தின் அறியப்பட்ட அச்சிட்டுகள் எதுவும் தற்போது இல்லை என்றாலும், அதிக செலவில் தயாரித்து பல சிறப்பு விளைவுகளைக் கொண்ட ஒரு கற்பனை படம் என்று விவரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. இது உண்மை என்றால், ஜார்ஜ் மெலீஸ் போன்ற கற்பனை சினிமாவின் ஆரம்ப முன்னோடிகளில் இந்த படம் இவரை வைக்கிறது. பாத்மா தனது சொந்த படைப்பில் தொடர்ந்து தயாரித்து வந்தாலும், கோஹினூர் ஸ்டுடியோஸ் மற்றும் இம்பீரியல் ஸ்டுடியோஸிலும் 1938 ஆம் ஆண்டில் தனது கடைசி படமான துனியா க்யா ஹை வரை பணியாற்றினார்.
இவர் வேறு பல படங்களை இயக்கியுள்ளார். கடைசியாக இவர் இயக்கிய காட்டெஸ் ஆஃப் லக் என்ற திரைப்படம் 1929இல் வெளிவந்தது.
இவர் 1983 இல் தனது 91 வயதில் இறந்தார். இவரது மரபு இவரது மகள் சுபைதாவால் மேற்கொள்ளப்பட்டது. அவர் ஒரு ஊமைத் திரைப்படங்களின் நட்சத்திரம் என்பதைத்தவிர தவிர, இந்தியாவின் முதல் பேசும்படமான ஆலம் ஆராவில் நடித்திருந்தார் .
List of Hyderabad Metro stations

This is the list of stations of the Hyderabad Metro, a rapid transit system serving the city of Hyderabad in Telangana, India. As of February 2020, there are 57 metro stations in the network, which were completed and operational as a part of Phase I making it the second longest operational metro network in India after Delhi Metro.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Hyderabad Metro on 29 November 2017 by opening a 30 km stretch from Miyapur to Nagole and hence making it the longest stretch commissioned in the first phase among all metros in India. It has since been expanded to around 69 km (43 mi) of route length. The system is operated by the Hyderabad Metro Rail Limited (HMRL). The signboards of Hyderabad Metro are displayed in Telugu, English, Hindi and Urdu at metro stations. All stations of Hyderabad Metro Rail are equipped with tactile pathway right from street level till the platform level along with elevator buttons equipped with Braille, for providing a barrier less navigation for the visually impaired commuters.
Each line of the Hyderabad Metro is identified by a specific colour. The system uses rolling stock of standard gauge and has the elevated lines. The Metro is open from about 06:30 to 22:30 hours with trains operating at a frequency of 3.5 to 6.5 minutes with SelTrac Communications-based train control (CBTC) and integrated telecommunication and supervision systems that allows an unattended train operation (UTO). As of February 2020, Hyderabad Metro has an average daily ridership of around 475,000 commuters. The Red Line connects Miyapur to the north and LB Nagar to the south, while the Blue Line connects HITEC City to the west and Nagole to the east.
Since the first version of the plans, the three corridors mostly remained the same, but minor changes were introduced. These include the lack of stop at Lalaguda, or a stop at Lakdikapul instead of Secretariat. Also, the lines have been marked with several different combination of color. Ameerpet- LB Nagar metro stretch opened on 24 September 2018. HiTec City to Raidurg, 1.5-kilometre (0.93 mi) stretch on Corridor Three - Nagole to Raidurg, is opened on 29 November 2019, as it involves construction of 49 pillars and the Raidurg terminal station.
Route length – 29.21 km (18.15 mi) Number of stations (All elevated) – 27 Link to other corridors
Route length – 15 km (9.3 mi) Number of stations (all elevated) – 16 Link to other corridors
Route length – 27 km (17 mi) Number of stations (all elevated) – 23 Link to other corridors
Esplanade metro station

Esplanade is an underground interchange metro station on the North–South corridor of the Blue Line and on the East–West corridor of the Green Line of Kolkata Metro. This station, which is the biggest in the city, is located in the Esplanade neighbourhood of Kolkata, at the northern end of Chowringhee Road/Jawaharlal Nehru Road near New Market and the Oberoi Grand hotel. It opened in 1984 as part of what is now the Blue Line. The station is re-designed to be the largest station of the metro system and will function as the interchange station between Blue, Green and Purple Lines. The Line-2 complex, built below the Line-1 complex (requiring modification to Line-1 station) was completed and inaugurated on 6 March 2024. The Line-2 complex is designed with world class amenities and murals that depict the culture, tradition, sports, monuments, important structures, etc. in them.
Blue Line
Green Line
Purple Line
Howrah Maidan metro station

Howrah Maidan Metro Station is the terminal station of Kolkata Metro's Green Line in Howrah Maidan, Howrah, India. The underground station is located near the Howrah Municipal Corporation Stadium and the Howrah Sarat Sadan. The station was completed and inaugurated on 6th March 2024. Though being similar to any Blue Line underground station, it is made with world class amenities and patronage to football, the main sport of the state.
List of Lucknow Metro stations

This is a list of all stations of the Lucknow Metro (Hindi: लखनऊ मेट्रो), a rapid transit system serving Lucknow India.
Lucknow Metro is the 9th metro system in India, after Kolkata Metro, Delhi Metro, Namma Metro, Rapid Metro Gurgaon, Mumbai Metro, Jaipur Metro, Chennai Metro and Kochi Metro.
The Lucknow metro covers a distance of 22.87 km with 21 stations, of which 17 are elevated and 4 underground.
It is built and operated by the Lucknow Metro Rail Corporation Limited (LMRC). Its first section was inaugurated on 5 September 2017 and opened for public on September 6, 2017, with the Red Line. As of now, Lucknow Metro has 21 metro stations with a total route length of 22.878 km (14.216 mi).
This list is sortable. Click on the icon in the column header to change sort key and sort order.
List of Namma Metro stations

The Namma Metro (English: Our metro), also known as Bangalore Metro, is the rapid transit system serving the city of Bangalore in India. Out of the operational 68 metro stations of Namma Metro as of November 2024, there are 59 elevated stations, eight underground stations and one at-grade station.
The first section (on the Purple Line) of the Namma Metro system opened on 20 October 2011 between Baiyappanahalli and M.G Road. The system is operated by the Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited (BMRCL).
On 25 March 2023, a new section of the Purple Line from Krishnarajapura to Whitefield (Kadugodi) (13.71 km) with 12 new stations was inaugurated by the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. After the inauguration, the Purple Line was complete and the Namma Metro became the second longest metro system in India (76.95 km) after Delhi Metro.
Each line of Namma Metro is identified by a specific color. The system uses rolling stock of standard gauge and has a combination of elevated, underground and at-grade lines. The metro is operational from about 05:00 to 23:00 hours with trains operating at a frequency of 5 to 15 minutes. The Purple Line connects Challaghatta in the west and Whitefield (Kadugodi) in the east, while the Green Line connects Madavara in the north and Silk Institute in the south. The network is currently being expanded with the addition of new lines and extensions to existing lines (see below for the complete list of stations).
The list below includes operational and under-construction stations.
Ameerpet metro station

Ameerpet metro station is an interchange metro station between the Red Line and Blue Line of the Hyderabad Metro. The Ameerpet Inter-change Metro Station is one of the largest metro stations in India with a sprawling premises over 200,000 square feet (19,000 m). Ameerpet metro station is one of the busiest metro stations in Hyderabad with daily footfalls of around 32,000 commuters.
The station was opened in 29 November 2017.
On 22 September 2019, a 27-year-old woman named K Mounika died in a freak accident when a concrete slab, which peeled off when she took shelter during rain, fell off from a height of 9 metres at pillar number A-1053 of the Ameerpet metro station and hit her head. She was admitted to Aster Prime Hospital in Ameerpet where she succumbed to her injuries. Hyderabad metro authority paid ₹ 20 lakhs as compensation to the victim's family. L&T said it would provide another Rs 15 lakh from an insurance company and job to a family member. A case was registered against L&T under Section 304-A (Negligence causing death) of the IPC. A day after the incident, Minister for Municipal Administration and Urban Development K. T. Rama Rao instructed Hyderabad Metro Rail authorities to conduct a thorough investigation and check all structures and facilities in detail to prevent such an incident from occurring again.
Ameerpet metro station is a busy commercial spot where there are several outlets selling apparel, biryani, shawarma, tea etc. L&THMRL has set up free wifi access units for commuters at Ameerpet metro station, in association with ACT Fibernet, as part of a pilot project.
District Court Pune metro station

District Court Pune (formerly known as "Civil Court Metro Station") is a metro station that facilitates cross-platform interchange between the Aqua Line and the Purple Line in Pune, India. The station was opened on 1 August 2023 as an extension of Pune Metro Phase I. This station will also serve as a future interchange for Line 3 of the Pune Metro. The platform on the Purple Line is one of the deepest in India at a depth of 33 m (108 ft.). The architectural design of the station's roof permits natural sunlight to penetrate directly to the underground platforms.
Aqua Line - Station Layout
Purple Line - Station Layout
Computing platform

A computing platform, digital platform, or software platform is the infrastructure on which software is executed. While the individual components of a computing platform may be obfuscated under layers of abstraction, the summation of the required components comprise the computing platform.
Sometimes, the most relevant layer for a specific software is called a computing platform in itself to facilitate the communication, referring to the whole using only one of its attributes – i.e. using a metonymy.
For example, in a single computer system, this would be the computer's architecture, operating system (OS), and runtime libraries. In the case of an application program or a computer video game, the most relevant layer is the operating system, so it can be called a platform itself (hence the term cross-platform for software that can be executed on multiple OSes, in this context). In a multi-computer system, such as in the case of offloading processing, it would encompass both the host computer's hardware, operating system (OS), and runtime libraries along with other computers utilized for processing that are accessed via application programming interfaces or a web browser. As long as it is a required component for the program code to execute, it is part of the computing platform.
Platforms may also include:
Some architectures have multiple layers, with each layer acting as a platform for the one above it. In general, a component only has to be adapted to the layer immediately beneath it. For instance, a Java program has to be written to use the Java virtual machine (JVM) and associated libraries as a platform but does not have to be adapted to run on the Windows, Linux or Macintosh OS platforms. However, the JVM, the layer beneath the application, does have to be built separately for each OS.
Capilla de San Miguel (Catedral de Oviedo)

La Capilla de San Miguel está situada en la catedral de Oviedo en Asturias.
Se trata de una capilla situada en la parte superior de la cripta de Santa Leocadia. La capilla es contemporánea de la cripta y de la torre vieja de San Salvador, si bien hasta el siglo XII no se denominó de esta forma​ siendo totalmente independiente de la cripta.
Libro Becerro de la Catedral de Oviedo

El Libro Becerro de la Catedral de Oviedo o Libro de Don Gutierre es un códice medieval que se conserva en el archivo de la catedral de Oviedo y fechado en 1385.
El códice está formado por 455 hojas de pergamino con una medida cada una de 286x215 mm. El códice está compuesto por 93 documentos escritos en español y que abarcan los años de obispado de Gutierre de Toledo. Setenta y tres de estos documentos son copias simples.
Fiestas de San Mateo (Oviedo)

Las Fiestas de San Mateo de la ciudad asturiana de Oviedo (España) tienen lugar en la semana que comienza el 14 de septiembre, día de la exaltación de la Santa Cruz - en sus orígenes la fiesta de la ciudad - y que culmina el día 21 de septiembre, día que el santoral católico dedica al apóstol.​
A pesar de la creencia popular, San Mateo no es el patrón de la ciudad, sino que lo es San Salvador.​
El día grande de las fiestas es el día 21, en el que los ciudadanos y visitantes suelen comer en los parques y zonas verdes de la ciudad (principalmente en el Campo San Francisco) el bollu preñáu junto a una botella de sidra.
La noche anterior se lanzan los fuegos artificiales desde un parque, que habitualmente era el Parque de Invierno, pero que en 2022 fue la Plaza Tuero Bertrand ubicada en el barrio de Montecerrao. Hay fiesta durante toda la semana; hay
cetas s que se instalan en la zona antigua de la ciudadAnteriormente eran los chiringuitos, que desaparecieron tras una decisión de la actualidad alcaldía de Alfredo Canteli (PP). . Hay conciertos todos los días en el recinto de La Ería y también repartidos por la ciudad según el estilo musical. Antiguamente, los principales conciertos se realizaban en la Plaza Alfonso II el Casto (Plaza de la Catedral) y eran gratuitos, pero fueron retirados de esta ubicación por motivos de seguridad.
A lo largo de las fiestas tienen lugar distintos eventos y espectáculos, entre los que destacan el desfile del Día de América en Asturias, que se celebra cada 19 de septiembre y el Rally Princesa de Asturias "Ciudad de Oviedo".
Su origen se remonta a 1438, cuando el papa Eugenio IV concedía el perdón a todos los peregrinos que acudiesen a la Catedral y veneraran la Cruz de los Ángeles. Estos debían dar una limosna 7 días antes o después del 14 de septiembre, fiesta de la Exaltación de la Cruz. Curiosamente ese último día era el 21 de septiembre - día de San Mateo, cierre del Jubileo y del verano - que era aprovechado por los fieles, quiénes al estar perdonados, realizaban festejos y los abusos eran comunes esos días.​
Jardín de los Reyes Caudillos (conjunto escultórico)

El conjunto escultórico del jardín de los Reyes Caudillos, ubicado en la calle Águila, justo frente a la Plaza de Alfonso II el Casto, en la ciudad de Oviedo, Principado de Asturias, España, es una de las más de un centenar de esculturas urbanas que adornan las calles de la mencionada ciudad española.​​
El paisaje urbano de esta ciudad se ve adornado por obras escultóricas, generalmente monumentos conmemorativos dedicados a personajes de especial relevancia en un primer momento, y más puramente artísticas desde finales del siglo XX.​
Se trata de un conjunto de esculturas, hechas en piedra, obra de Gerardo Zaragoza, Víctor Hevia y Manuel Álvarez Laviada, y están datadas en 1942.​​
Las esculturas se inauguraron coincidiendo con los eventos organizados en la conmemoración del Milenario de la Cámara Santa de Oviedo. Se ubica en el costado norte de la Catedral de Oviedo. La obra ajardinada representa en su interior las figuras de los doce Reyes de Asturias, que recorren la historia del Principado, desde Pelayo a Alfonso III. Los tres primeros, Pelayo, Favila y Alfonso I, se representan en un mural, y son obra de Gerardo Zaragoza, quien también realizó las estatuas de Fruela I y Ramiro I y los bustos de Aurelio, Silo, Mauregato, Bermudo I y Ordoño I. Obra de Manuel Álvarez Laviada es la estatua de Alfonso III , mientras que la de Alfonso II, que se encuentra ya fuera del recinto del jardín, es obra de Víctor Hevia Granda.​​
La Regenta (telefilme)

La Regenta es una miniserie televisiva, adaptación de la novela homónima de Leopoldo Alas "Clarín", escrita y dirigida por Fernando Méndez-Leite y emitida por Televisión Española en 1995. El 30 de marzo de 2009 la serie fue reestrenada en la página web de Radio Televisión Española,​ donde se pueden ver íntegros todos los capítulos y de forma permanente.​
Ambientada en la imaginaria ciudad norteña de Vetusta y fiel reflejo de la España del siglo XIX, cuenta la historia de Ana Ozores, una hermosa mujer aburrida de su matrimonio burgués con el ex regente, mucho mayor que ella, y que se debate entre el amor espiritual y místico que siente por su confesor, el magistral Fermín de Pas, y la pasión carnal que le provoca el cacique y donjuán Álvaro Mesía.
Se compone de tres episodios que reproducen fielmente la novela, con una duración total de 302 minutos. El primero, que también corresponde a la primera parte de la obra literaria, abarca hasta el capítulo XV, el cual concluye con el escándalo nocturno de Santos Barinaga. El segundo capítulo se extiende del capítulo XVI al XXIII, cuando la protagonista sale en procesión vestida de nazareno. El tercer y último episodio continúa la historia desde el capítulo XXIV hasta el XXX, el último de la novela, en el que tiene lugar el trágico desenlace.
La Regenta (película)

La Regenta es una película española de 1974 dirigida por Gonzalo Suárez. Se trata de una adaptación cinematográfica de la novela homónima de Leopoldo Alas «Clarín». Un retrato de la sociedad de Vetusta (capital de provincia, muy identificable con Oviedo) en el último tercio del siglo XIX.​​
Ana Ozores se casa con el antiguo Regente de la Audiencia de Vetusta, Víctor Quintanar, hombre bondadoso pero maniático y mucho mayor que ella. Viéndose sentimentalmente abandonada, Ana empieza a ser cortejada por el donjuán provinciano Álvaro Mesía. El canónigo magistral D. Fermín de Pas (su confesor) se cierne desde el campanario de la catedral como un ave de rapiña acechante.
El productor Emiliano Piedra perseguía este proyecto desde que se lo propuso sin éxito a Luis Buñuel y a Orson Welles.
Gonzalo Suárez no parecía por su cine experimental el director más idóneo ni Emma Penella por su edad la actriz adecuada, sin embargo, la película tuvo éxito y cosechó excelentes críticas.
Penella no regresaría al cine hasta once años después. La repentina muerte de su madre retrasó un día el comienzo del rodaje y obligó a que el papel reservado a su hermana Terele Pávez recayera en Charo López, que por su labor recibió el premio del Sindicato Nacional del Espectáculo.
María Luisa Ponte volvería a encarnar el mismo personaje en la adaptación televisiva de Fernando Méndez-Leite en 1995.​
Centro de Arte La Regenta

El Centro de Arte La Regenta, es un museo de arte contemporáneo de Canarias, España. Se ubica en el barrio de Puerto-Canteras en la ciudad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
La Regenta se sitúa en el edificio de una antigua fábrica de tabacos, cuyo proyecto original es del arquitecto Fernando Delgado y data aproximadamente de los años 1940. El inmueble fue adquirido por el Gobierno de Canarias en la década de los ochenta y rehabilitado para utilizarlo como centro de exposiciones, abriendo sus puertas por primera vez en 1987.​
El edificio destaca por su alzado de gran claridad y simplicidad, de cierta cercanía al art déco. Su organización interior se realiza en torno a un gran patio y un sistema de galerías que recuerda las casas patio de la arquitectura tradicional canaria.​
Acoge durante todo el año exposiciones itinerantes de artes plásticas y cuenta con un centro de documentación y con talleres pedagógicos.​
Este departamento tiene como finalidad acercar el Arte Contemporáneo al público en general y a la población escolar en particular. En su faceta pedagógica colabora con los profesionales de la enseñanza, así, oferta a los centros docentes visitas guiadas y otras actividades extraescolares para despertar en el alumnado la imaginación y estimular la creatividad.​
Uno de los objetivos culturales del centro esincentivar la producción artística en Canarias. Con tal fin se han creado unos estudios donde los jóvenes artistas pueden desarrollar su potencial creador, intercambiar experiencias, dar a conocer su obra o colaborar con el centro de arte en la organización de exposiciones.​
Municipio (España)

En España, un municipio es, según la Ley reguladora de las Bases del Régimen Local, la entidad local básica de la organización territorial del Estado. La misma ley indica que el municipio tiene personalidad jurídica y plena capacidad para el cumplimiento de sus fines y que sus elementos son el territorio, la población y la organización.​
La Constitución recoge en su artículo 137:
Los municipios del Principado de Asturias reciben oficialmente la denominación tradicional de concejos.
En España existe un total de 8132 municipios. De ellos, el 49,1 % tiene menos de 500 habitantes, el 41,5 % tiene entre 500 y 10 000 habitantes, el 8,6 % tiene entre 10 000 y 100 000 habitantes y, por último, 65 municipios (menos del 0,8 % del total) tienen más de 100 000 habitantes.
El órgano de gobierno y administración de los municipios es el ayuntamiento salvo para los regidos por el sistema de concejo abierto. El ayuntamiento está formado por:
De acuerdo al número de habitantes, los concejales por municipio serán:
(*) Se contarán 25 concejales por los primeros 100 000 habitantes y dos más por cada 200 000 habitantes.
Las elecciones municipales se celebran el cuarto domingo de mayo cada cuatro años.
Los ciudadanos de alguno de los países de la Unión Europea empadronados en España tendrán derecho al sufragio activo y pasivo, de acuerdo con las leyes que se han establecido para cumplir la directiva europea 94/80/CE del Consejo.​
Los inmigrantes con ciudadanía de una quincena de países extracomunitarios (Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Chile, Colombia, Corea del Sur, Ecuador, Islandia, Nueva Zelanda, Paraguay, Perú, Trinidad y Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela) tienen derecho al sufragio activo en virtud de acuerdos de reciprocidad.
Cada municipio solo podrá pertenecer a una sola provincia. Para crear o suprimir estos o modificar los términos municipales habrá que regirse por la legislación de las comunidades autónomas sobre régimen local. En ningún caso la modificación de términos municipales podrá suponer la modificación de los límites provinciales. Requerirán en todo caso, audiencia de los municipios interesados y dictamen del Consejo de Estado o del órgano equivalente de la Comunidad Autónoma. La petición se dará a conocer a la Administración General del Estado (AGE).
La creación de nuevos municipios solo podrá realizarse sobre la base de núcleos de población territorialmente diferenciados. Los municipios resultantes deberán contar con recursos suficientes y no podrá suponer una merma en la calidad de los servicios prestados.
El Estado y las comunidades autónomas podrán fomentar la fusión de municipios con la finalidad de mejorar su gestión.
Plaza de las Angustias

La Plaza de las Angustias es una plaza histórica de extramuros situada en Jerez de la Frontera (Andalucía, España).
La plaza guarda una estética armónica y un sabor andaluz en las fachadas. Su amplitud y su luminosidad le otorga cierto ambiente marinero.
La proximidad al barrio de San Miguel ha contagiado a la plaza de cierto sabor flamenco, y la proximidad del centro comercial la ha convertido en una plaza neurálgica, considerada una de las más transitadas de la ciudad.​
Preside la plaza el monumento al jerezano Juan Manuel Durán González, teniente del Plus Ultra, hidroavión que viajó de Palos de la Frontera a Buenos Aires en 1926.
Al final de la calle Corredera, calle que conducía a la Puerta Real y por tanto al recinto amurallado, se encontraba una cruz de humilladero levantada sobre 1578, en advocación a la Nuestra Señora de las Angustias. La cruz evolucionó a ermita ya en el siglo XVI.
El espacio público situado entre la ermita y el final de la corredera, era conocido como el Llano de las Angustias, cuya anchura a su vez era mayor que la actual plaza.
Alrededor de 1725 comienza a acotarse la plaza durante el crecimiento del arrabal de San Miguel. En dicho proceso, el llano fue pasando a ser plaza, acogiendo varias actividades lúdicas. Hasta la construcción de la primera plaza de toros en Jerez en 1839, las corridas se hacían en la plaza de las Angustias, en una plaza acondicionada para tal evento.
Tras la creación de la plaza de toros, la plaza fue pavimentada y embellecida.
También acogió la fiesta de San Antón, hasta su traslado el parque González Hontoria.
En 2018 se peatonaliza parcialmente.​
La plaza es presidida por el monumento dedicado al aviador Juan Manuel Durán González, que participó en el primer vuelo transatlántico en el avión Plus Ultra. Este monumento fue creado en 1951, diseñado por el arquitecto Fernando de la Cuadra. La ciudad había erigido otro monumento en su honor en 1929, tres años después de su fallecimiento, pero este había sido derribado en 1933.
Capilla construida entre la segunda mitad del siglo XVI y el primer tercio del siglo XVIII, tiene su origen en una cruz de humilladero situada a extramuros de la ciudad, fuera de la Puerta Real. Es el origen histórico de la plaza.
Construida como iglesia de un convento trinitario, fue levantada en 1569. De líneas sencillas, mantiene como característica principal el patio de naranjos que da acceso a la iglesia, flanqueado por un muro y verja.
Palacio de Alfonso II

El palacio de Alfonso II fue el palacio o palacios del rey asturiano Alfonso II el Casto en la ciudad de Oviedo (Asturias, España).​ Se desconoce si éste tenía uno o dos palacios.
Uno de ellos, del que no se han descubierto restos arqueológicos, podría estar, según diversos investigadores, bajo la actual Fábrica de armas de La Vega.​​ En diversos documentos figura una residencia del monarca cerca de la iglesia prerrománica de San Julián de los Prados, área donde se ubica la fábrica que fue anteriormente monasterio. En las pinturas de San Julián se representan palacios reales. Actualmente existe un proyecto de recuperación de este enclave como centro cultural, tecnológico y residencial, que comprende intervenciones arqueológicas que podrían sacar a la luz dichos restos.
El otro de los palacios se encontraría intramuros, junto a la actual catedral de Oviedo, en lo que hoy es el Palacio Episcopal y la torre vieja. En 2009 salieron a la luz en esta área los restos de un gran edificio prerrománico.​ Sin embargo otros autores rechazan que los palacios reales de Alfonso II y el rey Fruela​ se encontrasen en esa ubicación.
La falta de estudios arqueológicos hace que no se pueda arrojar más luz sobre la residencia de este y otros reyes asturianos.
La Regenta (escultura)

La escultura urbana conocida como La Regenta, ubicada en la plaza de Alfonso II, el Casto (frente a la Catedral), en la ciudad de Oviedo, Principado de Asturias, España, es una de las más de un centenar que adornan las calles de la mencionada ciudad española.​​
El paisaje urbano de esta ciudad se ve adornado por obras escultóricas, generalmente monumentos conmemorativos dedicados a personajes de especial relevancia en un primer momento, y más puramente artísticas desde finales del siglo XX.​
La escultura, hecha en bronce, es obra de Mauro Álvarez Fernández, y está datada en 1997.​​ Se trata de una estatua a tamaño ligeramente superior al natural, que recrea a una dama de finales del siglo XIX (representando a Ana Ozores), situada directamente sobre el pavimento, con una placa a los pies. Es un homenaje al personaje y a la obra en general del gran literato Leopoldo Alas «Clarín».​​
Fruela I of Asturias

Fruela I (c. 722 – 14 January 768), also referred to as Froila I and nicknamed "the Cruel," was the King of Asturias from 757 until his assassination. He was the eldest son of Alfonso I and continued his father's war against the Moors. Pelayo, the founder of the Kingdom of Asturias, was his maternal grandfather.
During his reign, he suppressed uprisings from both the Basques and the Galicians; following his victory over the Basques, he took a Basque noblewoman from Alava named Munia as his wife. Basque country was relatively untouched following the revolt; on the contrary, Fruela laid waste to Galicia after suppressing the uprising. He also defeated a Cordoban army led by Omar, son of Abd al-Rahman I; Omar was killed as a result of the battle. The city of Oviedo was also founded during his reign when the abbot Máximo and his uncle Fromestano erected a church in honor of Saint Vincent there in 761.
Fruela personally assassinated his brother, Vimarano, leading to him being nicknamed "the Cruel." He had feared that Vimarano's popularity would lead to him taking the throne; in an act of repentance, he adopted Vimarano's son, Vermudo, as his own. The killing of Vimarano outraged the nobility, however, and he in turn was assassinated by his own men in Cangas de Onís. He was succeeded by his cousin, Aurelius; his son, Alfonso, would later become King of Asturias. He and his wife Munia are buried together in the cathedral of Oviedo.
Sudarium of Oviedo

The Sudarium of Oviedo, or Shroud of Oviedo, is a bloodstained piece of cloth measuring c. 84 x 53 cm (33 x 21 inches) kept in the Cámara Santa of the Cathedral of San Salvador, Oviedo, Spain. The Sudarium (Latin for sweat cloth) is linked to a legend of a cloth that was wrapped around the head of Jesus Christ after he died as described in John 20:6–7.
The cloth has been dated to around AD 700 by radiocarbon dating. However, at the same conference at which this information was presented, it was noted that in actuality the cloth has a definite history extending back to approximately AD 570. The laboratory noted that later oil contamination could have resulted in the late dating.
The small chapel housing it was built specifically for the cloth by King Alfonso II of Asturias in AD 840; the Arca Santa is an elaborate reliquary chest with a Romanesque metal frontal for the storage of the Sudarium and other relics. The Sudarium is displayed to the public three times a year: Good Friday, the Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross on 14 September, and its octave on 21 September.
The Sudarium shows signs of advanced deterioration, with dark flecks that are symmetrically arranged but form no image, unlike the markings on the Shroud of Turin. The face cloth is mentioned as having been present in the empty tomb in John 20:6–7. Outside of the Bible the Sudarium is first mentioned in AD 570 by Antoninus of Piacenza, who writes that the Sudarium was being cared for in the vicinity of Jerusalem in a cave near the monastery of Saint Mark.
The Sudarium is presumed to have been taken from Israel in AD 614, after the invasion of the Byzantine provinces by the Sassanid Persian King Khosrau II. In order to avoid destruction in the invasion, it was taken away first to Alexandria by the presbyter Philip, then carried through northern Africa when Khosrau II conquered Alexandria in AD 616 and arrived in Spain shortly thereafter. The Sudarium entered Spain at Cartagena, along with people who were fleeing from the Persians. Fulgentius, bishop of Ecija, welcomed the refugees and the relics, and gave the chest containing the Sudarium to Leandro, bishop of Seville. He took it to Seville, where it spent some years.
In AD 657, it was moved to Toledo, then in AD 718 on to northern Spain to escape the advancing Moors. The Sudarium was hidden in the mountains of Asturias in a cave known as Montesacro until king Alfonso II, having battled back the Moors, built a chapel in Oviedo to house it in AD 840.
On 14 March 1075, King Alfonso VI, his sister and Rodrigo Diaz Vivar (El Cid) opened the chest after days of fasting. The event was recorded on a document preserved in the Capitular Archives at the Cathedral of San Salvador in Oviedo. The king had the oak chest covered in silver with an inscription which reads, "The Sacred Sudarium of Our Lord Jesus Christ."
Jimena Díaz

Doña Jimena Díaz, also spelled Ximena (Spanish: [xiˈmena ˈði.aθ]; Old Spanish: Ximena Díaz [ʃiˈmena ˈdi.adz̻]; before July 1046 – c. 1116), reigned as Princess of Valencia from 1099 to 1102. She was the wife and successor of El Cid, whom she married between July 1074 and 12 May 1076. The Principality of Valencia was an independent state founded by Jimena's husband.
Jimena was the daughter of Diego Fernández, Count of Oviedo, the son of count Fernando Flaínez. Her mother was his wife Cristina. She was a sister of Fernando Díaz, Count of Asturias.
Upon marrying Rodrigo Díaz, Jimena Díaz accompanied her husband although it has remained unclear if she lived with him in the Taifa of Zaragoza during his first exile (from 1080 to 1086) as leader of the Andalusian army in service of Ahmah al-Muqtadir, Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud, and Al-Mustain II. There is also little historical certainty as to whether she moved with him in this period to Asturias, although there exists some documentation to suggest that she maintained a presence even during periods of separation (a legal action from Tol in 1083).
At the beginning of the second exile of the Cid, in 1089, Jimena was imprisoned with her children, Cristina, Diego and María by mandate of Alfonso VI of León and Castile. Nothing else is known about Jimena until the end of 1094, when Rodrigo Díaz, on October 21, winning the battle of Cuarte, secured his control over Valencia (that he had conquered on June 17 of that year) and she was reunited with her husband until his death in 1099.
From this point she was Lady of Valencia until 1102 when Alfonso VI, her kinsman, decided to set fire to and abandon the city to the Almoravids in response to the impossibility of defending it. Alfonso VI escorted Jimena in her return to Castile. Around this period there remains a document of donation made by Jimena Díaz to the Cathedral of Valencia in 1101 containing her signature.
In 1103 she signed a document in the Monastery of San Pedro of Cardeña for the sale of a monastery that she owned to two canons of Burgos, although this fact does not necessarily mean that Jimena would have lived in the abbey during her old age, as was the legend maintained by the monastery until the 18th century in the hagiographic texts known as The Legend of Cardeña. It is more likely that she lived her last years in Burgos or in a nearby outlying area. She died sometime between August 29 of 1113 and 1116, probably in that final year. Of her three children, Diego was killed in battle fighting under Alfonso VI in 1097, Cristina married Ramiro Sánchez of Monzón and became mother of king García Ramírez of Navarre, while Maria was successively wife of a prince of Aragón and Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona.
Jimena and her husband were buried at San Pedro de Cardeña. After tombs were ransacked during the Napoleonic Wars, they were reburied in Burgos, and they now rest in Burgos Cathedral.
La regenta

La regenta (Spanish pronunciation: [la reˈxenta]; "The [female] Regent") is a realist novel by Spanish author Leopoldo Alas, also known as Clarín, published in two volumes: in 1884 and the second one completed by April 1885.
His critics considered it obscene and irreligious, as well as accusing him of plagiarising Flaubert's Madame Bovary, and the novel was largely forgotten until the end of the twentieth century, when it was recognized as a classic of Spanish literature. It was first translated into English by John D. Rutherford in 2002.
The story is set in the fictional Vetusta (Spanish vetusto stands for "antiquated", "extremely old", a provincial capital city, very identifiable with Oviedo, the capital of Asturias – especially since it is said that two monks, Nolan and John, founded the city, this being Oviedo's mythical genesis), where the main character of the work, Ana Ozores "La Regenta", marries the former prime magistrate of the city, Víctor Quintanar, a kind but fussy man much older than she. Feeling sentimentally abandoned, Ana lets herself be courted by the province Casanova, Álvaro Mesía. To complete the circle, Don Fermín de Pas (Ana's confessor and canon in the cathedral of Vetusta) also falls in love with her and becomes Mesía's unmentionable rival. A great panorama of secondary characters, portrayed by Clarín with merciless irony, completes the human landscape of the novel.
The author uses the city of Vetusta as a symbol of vulgarity, lack of culture and hypocrisy. On the other hand, Ana incarnates the tortured ideal that perishes progressively before a hypocritical society. With these forces in tension, the Asturian writer narrates a cruel story of Spanish provincial life in the days of the Restoration.
The novel has been adapted to film in 1975, directed by Gonzalo Suárez and to television in 1995, written and directed by Fernando Méndez-Leite. A musical, written and composed by Sigfrido Cecchini, premiered in July 2012 at the Campoamor Theatre, in Oviedo, the hometown of La regenta.
Coronel Oviedo

Coronel Oviedo (Spanish pronunciation: [koɾoˈnel oˈβjeðo]), locally simply known as Oviedo, is a city in east-central Paraguay. It is the capital of the Caaguazú Department, about 150 kilometers east of Asunción, and was founded in 1758.
The city has a population of about 52,400 (2006 Estimate) and is the hometown of former president Nicanor Duarte Frutos. Coronel Oviedo is an important transit point, as it lies halfway between Asunción and Ciudad del Este. In addition, it sits at the intersection of highways Ruta 2, Ruta 7 and Ruta 8.
The moniker for the city is the "Capital of Work" or capital de trabajo in Spanish.
The original name of the city at the time of its founding was "Nuestra Señora del Rosario de Ajos" or "Our Lady of the Rosary of Garlic", as the cultivation of garlic was a prominent local cash crop and formed a significant base for trade in the city. In 1931 the government of Paraguay changed the name of the city to Coronel Oviedo in memory of Cnel Florentin Oviedo, hero of the War of the Triple Alliance. After the war Oviedo settled in Ajos live there until his dead in 1935.
The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Coronel Oviedo.
Coronel Oviedo has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa) with hot summers and warm winters.
25°25′S 56°27′W﻿ / ﻿25.417°S 56.450°W﻿ / -25.417; -56.450
Capture of Oviedo

In 795, the Umayyads, led by Abdul Karim, attacked the capital of the Kingdom of Asturias, successfully capturing and sacking it. They failed, however, to capture the Asturian king.
After the Umayyad victory at Battle of Río Quirós, the Asturian king, Alfonso II, retreated again, he went to Nalón River where there was a fortress built to prevent any attack against the capital, Oviedo. The Umayyad general, Abdul Karim, continued his victorious march. The Umayyads arrived at the Nalón fortress where they successfully captured it. They looted many provisions and precious things which the Asturian king did not have time to collect. However, the Umayyads still did not find Alfonso in the fort. Alfonso retreated to his capital.
Night fell and the pursuit of the king stopped where they rested for one day. The next day, Abdul Karim ordered his general, Faraj ibn Kinanah, to assault Oviedo with a body of 10,000 men. The repairing of the walls was not sufficient to repel the attack of the Muslims, therefore, Alfonso again abandoned his place to the Muslims. The Umayyads assaulted the city and began sacking it. They entered the palace of the king and looted the treasures there. The Oviedo Cathedral was destroyed as well. Once again, the Umayyads did not find their main target. The Umayyad decided to give up on their campaign as winter was approaching and were already satisfied with the loot they captured.
Alfonso would later rebuild Oviedo into fortified residential city.
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Oviedo

The Archdiocese of Oviedo (Latin: Oveten(sis); Asturleonese: Archidiócesis d'Uviéu) is a Latin Church Archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Spain. The archdiocese encompasses roughly the current autonomous community of Asturias or Principality of Asturias. Erected in the 9th century, the diocese was elevated to an archdiocese in 1954. The diocesan see is in the city of Oviedo, where the Catedral de San Salvador is located.
43°21′36″N 5°50′42″W﻿ / ﻿43.36000°N 5.84500°W﻿ / 43.36000; -5.84500
José Carrete

José Carrete de Julián (born 5 April 1951) is a Spanish former football manager and player who played as a defender in La Liga in the 1970s and 1980s.
Carrete, began playing football with Caudal Deportivo. He played for Real Oviedo between 1971 and 1976. Carrete helped the club gain promotion from the Segunda División during the 1974–75 season, although following their subsequent relegation he was transferred to Valencia in 1976.
Valencia won the 1979 Copa del Rey, and Carrete was then a member of the successful Valencia side that won the 1980 European Cup Winners' Cup Final against Arsenal. His last games for Valencia were in the 1982–83 season.
Carrete made two appearances for the Spain national football team.
After he retired from playing football, Carrete became a coach. The highlight of his 20-year managerial career was being appointed manager of Segunda División's Real Oviedo after managing the club's affiliate, Real Oviedo Vetusta. Carrete also had a successful spell managing Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa for several seasons.
In 2015, Carrete suffered a stroke and was in a coma for days before recovering.
La Busdonga

Obdulia Álvarez Díaz (known as La Busdonga; 1896, Oviedo, Asturias – 27 January 1960 , Gijón) was a Spanish singer of Asturian folk music.
Obdulia Álvarez Díaz was born in Oviedo in 1896. The nickname "La Busdonga" comes from the town of Busdongo de Arbas in León, where her father, a railway worker by profession, was stationed. She lived in Mieres besides Busdongo and, from 1934, resided in Gijón. In Mieres, her family ran a tavern (chigre). Her mother also sang, and she played the bagpipe and the drum, while her brother, Aurelio Álvarez El Busdongu, also accompanied her with the bagpipe.
She was considered one of the greatest voices of Asturian folk music. She was a contemporary of Ángel González, El Maragatu, Cuchichi, Botón, Claverol, Quin el Pescador, Santos Bandera, Miranda, El Polenchu de Gráu, and Xuacu'l de Sama.
In the 1920s, the composer and pianist Baldomero Fernández worked with her and Ángel González, El Maragatu, and the main tonadas within this genre emerged from this collaboration. Baldomero Fernández accompanied her on the piano and expanded her repertoire, which also included pasodobles, jotas, cuplés, and flamenco. She made her first recordings in 1925. Among her songs were: "Pasé'l puertu Payareus," "Canteros de Covadonga," "Carromateros," "Los mineros del Fondón," "Hay una línea trazada," among others.
In 1955, she participated as a guest artist in the Asturian song contest at the Babel salon, on this occasion, she was accompanied on the bagpipe by her brother Aurelio "El Busdongu", and in 1956 she recorded two songs with Laudelino Alonso for the Columbia record company.
Her recordings have been reissued several times, notably in 1987, when several of her records were recovered. La Busdonga became a reference for later generations, with singers like Diamantina Rodríguez, Josefina, Leonides, Maudilia, Margarita, Mariluz Cristóbal Caunedo, Anabel Santiago, or Marisa Valle Roso interpreting her songs.
The Ciudad de Oviedo Asturian song contest created the La Busdonga Award to recognize the best female voice.
Umuco wumwihariko mu rwanda

ku musozi wa Rwesero mu karere ka nyanza niho hari ingoro ya mateka yo kwijyira kwa abanyarwanda ibonekamo byinshi bigaragaza ayomateka yumwihariko wo murwanda, yubatswe numwami Rudahigwa ateganya kuyijyira ingoroye mumyaka yakurikiyeho iyonzu yatajjyiwe gukorerwamo imirimo ya leta.[1]
habonekamo byinshi byaranze umuco nyarwanda Rwanda ndetse numwihariko warwo mumuco, ucyinjira muriyo nyubako ubona ibimenyenso byumuco wumwihariko wacyera waranze u Rwanda aribyo ibishushanyo by Intore ndetse nibikoresho zakoreshaga, aho umwami yakoreraga gahundaze.......[2]
https://mobile.igihe.com/umuco/article/dusure-ingoro-y-umurage-wo-kwigira-i-nyanza-amafoto
Ishyiga

Amashyiga avuguruye yatangiye gukwirakwizwa mu Gihugu yitezweho kurengera ibidukikije.
Sosiyete y’u Rwanda Ishinzwe Ingufu (REG) ivuga ko hari umushinga mushya ugiye gukwirakwiza mu gihugu amashyiga avuguruye arondereza ibicanwa ndetse n’andi akoresha ibicanwa bitari inkwi n’amakara mu rwego rwo kugabanya ihumana ry’ikirere no gufasha abaturage guteka badahenzwe no kugura inkwi n’amakara nk’uko ubu bigenda.
N’ubwo tubona abakoresha amakara biganje cyane mu mijyi, ubwinshi bwabo burahagije kugira ngo amashyamba ahungabane. Buriya kugira ngo ukore ikilo kimwe gusa cy’amakara, bisaba gutwika byibura ibiro 12 by’inkwi. Tekereza noneho kugira ngo umufuka umwe w’ibiro 50 uzuzure. Haba hagiye inkwi nyinshi cyane.
ni umushinga watekerejwe bitewe n’ingaruka ikoreshwa ry’amakara n’inkwi nyinshi rikomeje kugira ku mashyamba n’ikirere. Amashyiga arebwa n’uyu mushinga ari mu byiciro bitanu bijyanye n’uburyo ishyiga rikoze, uburambe bwaryo ndetse n’igicanwa rikoresha. Ayo mashyiga ni akoresha inkwi, amakara, burikete, palete, gazi, amashanyarazi n’ibindi bicanwa ba rwiyemezamirimo bazabasha kugaragaza ko bishobora kuboneka kandi bikagezwa ku mugenerwabikorwa mu buryo bumworoheye igihe cyose yaba abikeneye.