davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
958城市频道

CAPITAL 958 城市频道（英语：CAPITAL 95.8FM）是新加坡新傳媒私人有限公司旗下的中文调频广播电台，广播的频率设定為FM 95.8MHz。其前身是「第三广播网」。现今的「城市频道」是一家资讯电台，播出语言以华语为主，加以少量汉语方言为辅，除了全天24小時提供各类的资讯节目以及播报即时新闻，也播放各个年代的华语金曲以及方言歌曲。电台的台呼为, "Capital 958城市频道 资讯第一台"。该频道亦是新传媒属下3个中文频道之一，新傳媒另外两个姐妹台为YES 933与LOVE 972最愛頻道。
「95.8FM 城市频道」是一个与时代生活紧密相连的历史悠久中文广播电台。早年的「第三广播网」是许多新加坡华人和南马柔佛听众的童年记忆，为无数听众制作不少深受欢迎的节目。电台广播也是不少听众学华语，吸取知识的渠道。上个世纪八十年代更是商业节目“蓬勃”发展的时代，为了应对时代的变迁，新加坡电台的广播节目制作开始转型，让节目更具时代感。电台渐渐地迎合广大听众的“口味”，制作一般人喜欢的节目，注重市场调查，带动潮流。
「958城市频道」是新传媒电台最早设立的一家华语调频电台，也是新加坡第一家中文调频电台。随着新传媒旗下三家中文电台以及其他竞争电台， 比如「88.3Jia」、「96.3好FM」、「UFM 100.3」等陆续的成立，新加坡各家中文电台逐漸发展出所謂的类型電台（format station），并朝向「分众」与「市场区隔」的方向作為改变。「958城市频道」也被明确的定位為「新闻及资讯台」，通过分析员和专业人士的深入讲解和分析，全天候提供新闻与股市汇报，让新加坡人足不出户即可掌握天下大事。除了播出财经讯息与新闻报道，「958城市频道」也制作儿童、生活、保健、时事等多种类的杂志性节目单元，当中包括《生活极短篇》、《少儿天地》、《励志小品》、《饮食男女》、《有话自己说》、《中药趣谈》等综合资讯节目。为了让听众舒缓压力放松心情，「城市频道」在凌晨11点到6点的深夜时段亦会安排播放抒情歌曲、本地新谣创作歌曲和怀旧金曲等音乐节目。
开办授课也是电台的重要项目，从2001年开始，「城市频道」开办了第一届的广播训练班，之后便陆续开办成人或学生主持人训练班及儿童假日营，并从过去几年的“广播主持人训练班”中发掘与培养新人。除了主办训练班，新传媒也以选秀的方式寻找有潜力的广播新人。新传媒举办DJ选秀大赛《寻找星声音》，发掘本地电台“声”力军，本次比赛以真人秀形式进行，全程无剧本，入围的参与者将接受来自新传媒3大中文电台「YES 933」、「95.8FM 城市频道」与「972最爱频道」的导师们的培训，内容包括广播基础知识和理论等。
政府把方言限制放宽
新加坡政府在80年代开始为了推广讲华语运动，要求新加坡的广播媒体禁播方言节目，因此外购的戏剧作品比如香港和台湾用方言拍摄的电视剧/电影在“无线”电视频道播映时必须以华语配音才能播出，当时两家广播电台（第3廣播網、丽的呼声）也改以华语为听众播出娱乐和音乐节目。随着时代的改变，现阶段新加坡政府已经把一些限制放宽了，目前由中港台各地的歌手演唱的闽南语、潮语、粤语等各类方言歌曲也允许在特定的时段在「城市频道」播出了，而电视观众也可以通过新加坡两家有线电视台观赏到港台地区的方言节目。
为了配合忙碌新加坡人的需求，「城市频道」也提供每小时华语新闻报道。一般来说，每段的《整点新聞》时长约为5-10分钟，并由当班的广播员负责播报新闻的工作。
为方便收听群众更快速的在60秒内获取新闻资讯，「城市频道」与8頻道合作推出了全新的《快报60秒》，是个跨平台新闻简报，让听众与观众快速的获取可靠的资讯。简报每逢星期一到五上午11点，下午三点和五点以及周末下午五点，通过新傳媒8頻道和「城市频道」现场直播。
或许是因为周末或假日的缘故，有一部分的新闻记者在放假，因此在周末/假日下午14:00~16:00还有晚上23:00的时段一般不播报《整点新聞》。每当新闻播放完毕，「城市频道」也会在空中为听众提供亚太地区的天气预报和新加坡各个地区的路况信息等公共服务。
一般上「城市频道」的广播节目都以华语为主要的媒介语，不过考虑到各个年长者的需求，电台仍然保留方言新闻这一块。年纪大的听众至今仍可在早上3个时段收听到6种以(粤语/广东话)、(榕语/福州话)、(潮语/潮州话 - 星期日至星期三 林仰忠)、(琼语/海南话)、(厦语/福建话)、(客语/客家话)等汉语方言播报的新闻简报，尽量让长辈以自己熟悉的语言了解新闻的内容，不与新加坡的社会脱节。
星期一至五
周六
周日
外派人员生活成本最高城市列表

外派人員生活成本最高城市列表包含了来自美世咨询和经济学人信息社的两个排名列表。纳入该列表的影响因素包括货币价值、消费者信心、投资、利率、国家货币汇率和房价等。
注意：本列表的信息适用于海外人员，对于本国国民或当地居民可能不适用。在发展中国家外国居民的生活费用可能会比当地居民的费用要高，如果他们希望能够获得与发达国家同等的生活水平时这一现象更为突出。
美世咨询的生活费用统计工作是在每年的三月份进行的。这项统计涵盖了全球214个城市，计算了每一个地点超过200种物品的比较成本，包括房屋、交通、食品、衣物、日用商品以及娱乐产品等。这项统计旨在帮助跨国公司和政府决定对其海外人员的补贴额度，所有参与评测的城市都与基准城市纽约市进行对比。在统计排名过程中，房价是一个重要的影响因素。
经济学人信息社的这份排行主要是以根据汇率变动而调整的价格数据进行制作的，而生活开支中的房价这一最大支出没有考虑在内，这一开支被认为应该由企业提供，因此不被纳入调整海外员工收入的因素中。
東京喰種角色列表

東京喰種角色列表是動畫、漫畫及小說《東京喰種》中登場的架空人物列表。
喰種咖啡廳，店名「Antique」直譯為古董、發音近「安定區」的日文。在青桐樹討伐戰後由董香和四方另建立「:re」的咖啡廳。
以「享樂主義者」聞名的神秘喰種集團，曾在3區活躍，其成員都帶著小丑面具，且有著極強的組織力，由帆糸蘿瑪所創立。
人類與喰種的混血種。特徵是僅單眼為赫眼，運動能力遠高出一般喰種。由於人類作為母親會無法提供胎兒所需的營養，傳說需要人類母方在懷孕期間食用人肉，才會出現的稀少喰種，例如：芳村愛支。或經由人工移植喰種的器官到人類體內，例如：金木研、安久黑奈、安久奈白、瀧澤政道、亞門鋼太郎。然而後期也有半人類被改造變成獨眼喰種的案例，例如：和修舊多宗太。
擁有濃厚歷史背景的巨大神秘組織，是CCG的前身「喰種對策院」的附屬暗部組織，擁有最前端的高科技以及對喰種的龐大研究資料庫。
早期東京地區的喰種各劃地盤，禍害人間之時，一群擁有赫者能力的強大喰種踏入東京，並與人類合作展開鎮壓兇殘喰種的行動，最後建立了宗家「和修一族」，組織成了「V」，表面上，和修家為人類社會中的大英雄，但藉由其組織「V」的「清掃人」已經接了不少不可告人的勾當，進而某取暴利，唯獨身為「清掃人」的成員卻並不知情，只接獲組織命令而做事。
該組織旗下的喰種，其赫包模式，Rc檢查門會排除在外，檢測不到，芳村功善曾為此組織的「清掃人」，負責消滅敵對喰種或是人類勢力，芥子、有馬貴將、旧多二福也是其中一員，其實力都是特等級別。一直致力於保持某種「平衡」，但被青桐樹破壞。
有馬的遺言中亦提及CCG的頂端「和修家」是喰種族系，且和修家其他成員是否喰種目前仍然不明，最後被其分家的舊多、小丑以及V滅門。
結局時正式改名东京保安委员会(TSC)。
昆克斯／昆克斯班（クインクス，Quinx（Qs））英文簡稱為「Qs」，CCG目前處於實驗階段的改造人。
由金木研繼承獨眼之王的身份成立的組織，終目的為讓人類與喰種能夠互相理解，金木研為促進人類和喰種和平共處對談而成立的聯合組織。成員有普通人類、半人類、半喰種、喰種（含部分前青銅樹成員、月山集團、軟碟們、貓頭鷹）、部分CCG成員。
黑山羊殲滅戰裡因為CCG掃蕩造成許多人員陣亡，但後來成功和CCG達成合作協議，聯手對抗V組織及小丑。和修之龍的戰役過後已解散，部分成員分別投入「共同戰線」和TSC（東京保安委員會），繼續為人類和喰種共存和城市維安目標做出貢獻。
進擊的巨人角色列表

進擊的巨人角色列表為日本漫畫《進擊的巨人》系列中登場的虛構角色。
領土為帕拉迪島大部。
艾爾迪亞的國防軍隊架構由調查兵團、駐紮兵團和憲兵團構成，加上訓練兵團共四個軍團，並由總統擔任訓練兵團以外的三大軍團總司令。在854~857年間，艾爾迪亞的新政府為了防範島外世界對於地鳴的報復而重組軍隊，建立了「艾爾迪亞國軍」，並著重於增強軍備對抗外敵。
由里維帶領的小組，在原特別作戰小組再捕獲女巨人行動失敗撤退時遭女巨人偷襲，導致小組成員陣亡，後來以第104期部分成員重新組新特別作戰小組（成員有艾連、米卡莎、阿爾敏、約翰、柯尼、莎夏、希絲特莉亞）。
艾爾文時期調查軍團的四支主分隊之一。
艾爾文時期調查軍團的四支主分隊之一。
夏迪斯時期調查軍團的五支主分隊之一。
查理與巧克力工廠

《查理與巧克力工廠》（英語：Charlie and the Chocolate Factory）是一本由英國作家羅爾德·達爾於1964年所著的兒童文學，內容是關於主角查理·畢奇在古怪糖果製造商威利·旺卡（Willy Wonka）所持的巧克力工廠中的歷險。這部書被譽為21世紀最受歡迎的兒童文學之一。
《查理與巧克力工廠》於1964年在美國首度由Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.出版，1967年在英國由喬治·愛倫和愛文出版社（George Allen & Unwin）出版其第3版。這部書曾被兩次改編成電影，包括1971年的《歡樂糖果屋》（Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory）及2005年的《朱古力獎門人》。羅爾德·達爾在1972年寫了《查理與巧克力工廠》的續集《玻璃大升降機歷險記》。
《查理和巧克力工厂》是關於一個十分貧窮的小男孩查理·巴克特（Charlie Bucket），他與父母及四名臥床的祖父母居住在大城市邊界的小房子。查理是個聰穎仁慈的男孩子，儘管生活艱苦，他仍然很愛自己的家庭。查理亦很喜歡巧克力，但因家境貧窮，他每年只能於生日收到一條巧克力作禮物。
在查理家旁邊的是全球最大的糖果工廠——威利·旺卡工廠。
威利·旺卡是世界上最有創意、最有發明才能的巧克力製造家，他的產品包括永不融化的冰淇淋、能吃一輩子的口香糖等。他曾為印度王子興建了一座巧克力城堡。他的工廠曾因被商業間諜偷取秘密配方而倒閉，後來悄悄地重開，但卻充滿了不少謎團，包括沒有人看過有工人在工廠出入。
經過多年後，威利·旺卡決定讓公眾參觀他的工廠。他把五張金彩券藏進其中五塊旺卡先生巧克力中，獲得金彩券的小孩能帶同一名家人進入工廠參觀。首四位獲得金彩券的小孩包括貪吃的奧古斯塔斯·格卢普（Augustus Gloop）、深受溺愛的维鲁卡·索尔特（Veruca Salt）、經常吃口香糖的紫罗兰·博尔加德（Violet Beauregarde）及電視迷麦克·提维（Mike Teavee）。
與此同時，巴克特家陷入經濟困境。有一天，查理拾起地上的金錢而買朱古力條，然而像奇蹟一般，查理在最後一刻找到最後一張金彩券。結果由祖父喬（Grandpa Joe）陪伴查理到威利·旺卡的工廠，他們看到不少神奇的糖果，以及工廠工人歐帕·倫普斯人（Oompa Loompa）——一群來自隆巴國的侏儒。
除了查理，所有小孩都做了些不該做的事情，一個繼一個地被逐出參觀隊伍。奧古斯塔斯掉進了巧克力瀑布，被吸到輸送管中而被帶到乳脂軟糖室。紫罗兰吃了一片實驗中的口香糖，令她整個人變成藍色，並膨脹成一顆大藍莓。維魯卡被訓練過的松鼠認為是「壞果仁」而推到垃圾導槽中。麥克跳進傳送巧克力到電視畫面的儀器而被縮小了之後被拍扁。
雖然《查理與巧克力工廠》已推出了數十年，但其巨大的成功令它成了現今社會文化的參照。雀巢公司建立了威利·旺卡的糖果糕點店。金彩券（Golden Ticket）更成了貴重與特別物品的代表詞。
書中威利·旺卡結束工廠的原因（被其他糖果工廠的間諜偷取秘方），工廠中有大量複雜的機器及秘方如何被緊密地看守都是作者在現實生活中被啟發的。羅爾德·達爾13歲時曾在吉百利工作，他被工廠中製造糖果的機器吸引著。而吉百利及郎特里（Rowntree's）為當時兩大巧克力製造商，他們互相派出間諜到對方的工廠。正因如此，雙方的秘方都被嚴密地看守。
歷年來有不少名人批評過此書：兒童小說及文學歷史學家約翰·洛威·湯森（John Rowe Townsend）因為書本最初描繪隆巴小矮人為黑人侏儒，而形容此書為「令人厭惡的幻想書籍」。另外，小說家綺蓮娜·卡梅倫（Eleanor Cameron）及娥蘇拉·勒瑰恩都曾對查理与巧克力工厂有所批評。
在威利·旺卡的巧克力工廠中有不同主題的房間，用來製作不同產品。最著名的是巧克力室，室內每一樣東西都可食用，包括負責混和巧克力漿的巧克力瀑布。而房中的輸送管把巧克力漿送到不同的地方。奧古斯塔斯掉進瀑布後被送到乳脂軟糖室。
其他在書中佔重要地位的房間包括——把維奧莉特變成藍莓的發明室及後來被送到的榨汁室；維魯卡從果仁分類室被丟到垃圾導槽；麥克在電視室被縮小再被送至太妃糖伸展室恢復原形。
其他房間（多以製造的產品命名）包括：
由於描寫隆巴小矮人為黑皮膚瘦小的非洲侏儒而被受指責，作者修改了部分內容，插圖亦被修訂。修訂後的版本於1973年在美國出版。這個版本中的隆巴小矮人擁有淡棕色的長髮及玫瑰色的皮膚，他們的出身地亦由非洲改成虛構的隆巴地。
最近其中一段書中的內容重新曝光。該段內容的主角為美蓮達（Miranda Piker），章節中有不明顯的同類相食行為，美蓮達亦被較其他小孩殘忍的方法懲罰。該章節名為《斑點粉末》，後來被發行商刪除。美蓮達是「老師的寵物」及愛說謊話的人。當威利·旺卡向他們介紹一種能讓人暫時病倒而曠課的糖果──斑點粉末，美蓮達向她的校長父親爭論糖果的功用。他們認為這種糖果必須停產，後來他們誤闖進工廠中製作此產品的房間。
威利·旺卡聽到兩聲尖叫，並說如果不是製造過程中把數個校長放進混合物中，斑點粉末就不會有效。然後他向美蓮達的母親保證他只是在說笑，美蓮達與其父親不會真正地死亡。
但是，稍後的隆巴小矮人歌曲中說美蓮達變得更好，因為她現在可以供食用。這與奧古斯塔斯的歌曲及命運有點相似（隆巴小矮人說奧古斯塔斯會被製成乳脂軟糖）。威利·旺卡說美蓮達與其父親經過洗滌會安然無恙，雖然奧古斯塔斯的隆巴小矮人歌曲像以另一口吻暗示。故事的結局是奧古斯塔斯及其他壞小孩都繼續生存（雖然已被壓扁、拉長，可能被焚化或烹煮），如果美蓮達的角色沒有被發行商刪除，她也有可能繼續生存。
章節發行後被發現，並引起了無數爭論。
1971年，原著被改編成電影《歡樂糖果屋》，由吉恩·懷爾德（Gene Wilder，港譯「真·懷德」）飾演威利·旺卡。在該版本，果仁變成金鵝蛋。查理和祖父也因喝下氣泡上升汽水而飄上頂部，幾乎被抽氣扇剃頭，但以打嗝而自救。因為旺卡後來知道此事，所以也沒有讓查理任何獎品，直到查理把吃不完的口香糖交還和旺卡，令他明白他也有善良的心，才讓他繼承工廠。
瑞典國家電視台亦把它改編成動畫，由Ernst-Hugo Järegård作旁白。2005年，提姆·波頓再度把原著改編成電影《朱古力獎門人》，由強尼·戴普飾演威利·旺卡，於7月15日上映。兩齣電影均忠於原著，但也加進了一些新元素。這兩個版本都加深了描寫四名壞小孩及其父母的性格，而提姆·波頓的版本更延長了威利·旺卡兒時的經歷。
1985年，Soft Option有限公司研發了在ZX SpectrumIn玩的查理與巧克力工廠電子遊戲，由Hill MacGibbon發行。2005年，Backbone娛樂公司及High Voltage軟件研發了在PlayStation 2、Xbox、GameCube、任天堂Game Boy Advance平台及Microsoft Windows個人電腦使用的查理與巧克力工厂電子遊戲，由2K Games發行。
2006年4月1日，英國主題公園奧爾頓塔 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）新增了以查理與巧克力工廠為題的遊船。旅客將坐在鮮粉紅色的船上，沿著巧克力河流遊覽在書中出現過的地方。在旅程完結前，旅客將乘搭大玻璃升降機與威利·旺卡一起參觀工廠。最後，升降機將急速上升並穿破工廠的玻璃屋頂。
牛轧糖

牛軋糖（法語：Nougat）是在1441年由義大利的克雷莫納發明。在當地一個地方貴族的婚宴上，新人獲贈一種用蜂蜜、杏仁和蛋白製成的糖果，代表著平安、甜蜜與永恆。「牛軋」一名借自洋涇浜英語，因此又音譯作努加糖或其他類似的發音。
牛軋糖的早期食譜是在10世紀巴格達的一本中東書中發現的。原產於白衣大食首都哈蘭 。
約在1441年由意大利的克雷莫納發明的。在一個地方貴族的婚宴上，新人獲贈一種用蜂蜜、杏仁和蛋白製成的糖果。
牛軋糖傳到台灣後，開始加入奶粉當作主原料，並加上砂糖、奶油、蛋白（也有業者會使用由鮮奶提煉的乳清蛋白來取代的蛋白及蛋白粉）、堅果（如花生、杏仁、核桃、開心果或榛子）、果乾及花瓣（如蔓越莓、黃金柚、芒果、柳橙、龍眼、桂花等）等混合製成的糖果作為次原料，成為台灣式牛軋糖獨樹一格的特色。相較於台式牛軋糖，法式歐洲的牛軋糖則沒有任何牛奶或奶粉的成分，純粹只有在蛋白中加入糖或蜂蜜再撒上杏仁或堅果而製成。另外，有些廠商為了不讓做好的牛軋糖變形，會用可食用的米紙包裹着，但多少會影響口感，因此各式選擇因人而異。不過網路調查顯示牛軋糖是農曆新年期間最被喜愛的零嘴之一。
原則上牛軋糖有三種基本類型。首先，也是最常見的，是白色的牛軋糖（在意大利稱為“mandorlato”，“果仁夾心糖”），是以蛋白和蜂蜜製成的，它最早可追溯到的時間是出現在15世紀初意大利的克雷莫納，而16世紀在西班牙的阿利坎特是第一個公佈出牛軋糖的食譜 ，然後在18世紀的法國，蒙特利馬爾出現了第二種類型是棕色牛軋糖（法語是巧克力牛軋糖），其不須經蛋清製成，並具有更牢固，更鬆脆地質地。第三種類型是維也納或德國的牛軋糖，基本上是用巧克力和果仁（通常是榛子）調和的果仁糖。
Google的Android N系统最终确认以牛轧糖（nougat）命名。
圣代

圣代（英語：sundae，香港稱為新地）是在冰淇淋上浇上水果酱或糖漿的甜品，有时也会放上一些碎坚果、巧克力末、奶油、櫻桃等，很多快餐店都會販售。
在牛津英语词典中“圣代”这个词的起源很模糊。美国各地都曾声称是圣代冰淇淋的诞生地，包括：纽约州伊萨卡、威斯康辛州的图里弗斯、伊利诺伊州的普兰菲尔德、伊利诺伊州埃文斯顿、纽约、路易斯安那州的新奥尔良、俄亥俄州的克里夫兰和水牛城。
伊萨卡和图里弗斯曾经就谁有权拥有“冰淇淋圣代故乡”称号而举行过一场辩论。当伊萨卡的市长卡罗琳·皮特森宣布他们市是圣代故乡后，她还收到了图里弗斯市民重申他们声明的明信片。
有关圣代的发明的许多故事中，常见的说法是冰淇淋苏打的罪恶，人们在周日不能消费冰淇淋而创造出了代替品。彼得·博德在2000年的书The First Food Empire中说，“圣代”是由伊利诺伊州周日冰淇淋消费禁令而来：因为加上别的东西以后主体似乎就不是冰淇淋了。
图里弗斯的声明是基于1881年一位名叫乔治·哈劳尔的顾客要求冷饮店的埃德·伯纳斯把巧克力酱浇在冰淇淋上，伯纳斯照办以后冰淇淋立即销售一空。后由最初的仅在周日销售变成天天都在出售。容器的形状改为船形后，名称也发生了变化。伯纳斯1939年去世时，芝加哥论坛报登出了“冰淇淋圣代创始人去世”的报道。两位伊萨卡高中的学生则指出伯纳斯在1881年只有16岁或17岁，不大可能拥有一家冷饮店。又称，讣告中伯纳斯发明圣代是在1899年而不是1881年。
埃文斯顿在1890年第一个通过了蓝色法规——周日禁售冰淇淋苏打。一些零售商采用变通的方法，根据顾客意愿提供不含苏打而含糖浆的冰淇淋。这样也遵守了法律，被称为“周日苏打”(Sunday soda)。周一甜品则恢复正常交易，当地官员反对其命名与安息日（星期天）有关，因此更名为“圣代”(Sundae)。
为了支持伊萨卡是圣代的故乡，纽约州的汤普金斯县历史研究中心提供了一个确切的日期：1892年4月3日。独神主义主教约翰·斯科特和Platt & Colt药店的老板切斯特·普莱特制作了有明确记载的第一份圣代。普莱特心血来潮之下，把樱桃汁和樱桃脯搁在一份冰淇淋上，因为是星期天发明的，所以称作“周日樱桃”(Cherry Sunday)。圣代发明的最早书面证据是1892年4月5日《伊萨卡日报》上的“周日樱桃”的相关报道。之后又相继出现“周日草莓”、“周日巧克力”。Platt & Colt的“周日”系列在1894年逐渐流行开来，切斯特·普莱特开始尝试给“周日”系列冰淇淋注册商标。
即原始的圣代。香草冰淇淋，浇上果酱或糖浆、奶油和馬拉斯奇諾櫻桃。这种圣代的名称与添加的食品有关，如樱桃圣代、巧克力圣代、草莓圣代等。
热牛奶糖圣代是由原始的圣代改动而来，成分有：香草冰淇淋、热巧克力酱、奶油、坚果和一个鲜嫩的馬拉斯奇諾櫻桃。焦糖圣代与之类似，只是将热牛奶糖换成焦糖，另外花生酱也可以作为热牛奶糖的代替品。
与热牛奶糖圣代类似，只是大了一倍并以香蕉船那样的容器盛放。
香草冰淇淋、热巧克力、焦糖酱和烤胡桃的混合制品。因為在冰淇淋上所加的料與海龜糖（英语：Turtles (chocolate)）相似，因而得名。而海龜糖的名稱則是因為這種巧克力糖果的形狀像龜。
浇上巧克力酱的香草冰淇淋和放上棉花糖的巧克力冰淇淋搭配制成。
由巧克力布朗尼、香草冰淇淋、巧克力酱、牛奶糖和奶油制成，放上馬拉斯奇諾櫻桃。
三合一的圣代，外形像一条船。由香蕉、草莓酱、巧克力酱、香草冰淇淋、草莓、巧克力、菠萝等制成，再缀上樱桃。
装在高杯子里的圣代，中间有几层不同口味的冰淇淋。例子有麥當勞的dobble新地
纽约市的“Serendipity 3”餐馆以1000美元的价格出售最贵的圣代。 由马达加斯加香草制成的香草豆、Chuao牌巧克力、鱼子酱、百香果、橘子、雅文邑葡萄酒、巴黎的果脯、杏仁膏、草莓等制成，盖上23克拉的金叶子，放上18克拉的金勺子，装在法国巴卡拉水晶高脚杯里。
2011年4月3日，Google发布了关于圣代的Doodle以纪念圣代发明119年。Google采信的说法是圣代起源于1892年的纽约州伊萨卡。
Jurong Point

Jurong Point (Chinese:裕廊坊) is a large regional shopping mall in the precinct of Jurong West Central in Jurong West, Singapore. It is next to Boon Lay MRT station and Boon Lay Bus Interchange. It is currently the largest shopping mall in Singapore in terms of number of tenants and the largest in western Singapore.
Jurong Point first opened its doors in December 1995 with 95 retailers including Courts, Golden Village, NTUC FairPrice, Kopitiam, Old Chang Kee, Harvey Norman and Soo Kee Jewellery. Majority of these retailers were setting up shop in a mall environment for the first time and have not moved out since then. The mall once housed the Jurong West Public Library, which was then the first public library in Singapore to be located in a shopping mall.
Since its opening, the mall has undergone two expansions. In 1998, an additional 150,000 square feet (14,000 m) of space was successfully secured for the first extension of Jurong Point, which opened in December 2000, adding more than 160 new tenants. This also brought major department store John Little. In 2005, Jurong West Public Library moved out to the adjacent community club and its premises, along with Levels 5 and 6 were reconfigured into a community hub.
In 2006, the mall underwent a major expansion, which included building a new retail wing (JP2), the air conditioned Boon Lay Bus Interchange and a residential development, The Centris. The new wing, containing 230 shops, opened in December 2008. The original mall was subsequently renamed as JP1. This also brought in several new anchor tenants, including an NTUC Fairprice Xtra hypermarket and child-care centre operator My First Skool. The number of parking lots increased three-fold from 415 to 1,425. The Centris was completed in August 2009, followed by the Boon Lay Bus Interchange in December that year.
John Little closed its last suburban store there in July 2016 and was replaced by BHG, which opened in December that year. Operations closed down on 13 February 2022 and replaced by three stores: Daiso on the third floor which includes Threeppy and Standard Products. Also replaced is Timezone on the second floor and Haidilao on the first floor. NTUC FairPrice operations closed down on 21 June 2022 and replaced by Don Don Donki.
Golden Village

Golden Village is a cinema operator in Singapore. It also is a partner of Orange Sky Golden Harvest, a Hong Kong-based film production company. Established in 1992 as a joint venture between Golden Harvest and Village Roadshow, the company operates 15 multiplexes and cineplexes across Singapore. It introduced Asia’s first multiplex at Yishun in the same year the company was established.
Golden Village Pictures, the film distribution division of Golden Village, has distributed titles from Village Roadshow Pictures, including The Matrix trilogy, Charlie and The Chocolate Factory, Happy Feet, and The Lego Movie in Singapore. Additionally, the company distributes acquired films in regional and global markets.
Golden Village opened its first cinema in Singapore on May 28,1992 with the Yishun 10 complex, marking the introduction of Asia’s first multiplex. In 1998, the company expanded with the launch of GV Grand at Great World City, featuring six screens, including a luxury Gold Class hall. During the early 2000s, one of the halls was converted into an IMAX theatre, but closed in 2004 due to low patronage. The company also operated a location at Eastpoint, which was closed in 2002.
In October 2006, Golden Village opened a multiplex at VivoCity, the largest multiplex in Singapore, featuring 15 screens, including three Gold Class screens and GV Max, one of the largest cinema auditoriums in the country. Its current flagship cineplex is located at Suntec City, with 11 screens, including three Gold Class screens, occupying the space previously used by WE Cinemas and The Rock Auditorium.
In June 2017, mm2 Asia, a Singaporean-based media company, announced its intention to acquire Village Roadshow’s 50% stake in Golden Village. However, the acquisition did not proceed as Village Roadshow failed to get approval from Orange Sky Golden Harvest. Subsequently, in October 2017, Orange Sky Golden Harvest acquired Village Roadshow’s stake, becoming the only owner of Golden Village.
As of 2023, Golden Village operates 15 multiplexes across Singapore, continuing to be a major player in the country’s cinema industry.
In November 2024, Golden Village opened its 15th outlet, GV Bugis+, featuring eight halls, including two Gold Class Express halls, and a Spanish-Mexican dining concept named Azul.
As of 2023, Golden Village operates 15 cinemas with 119 screens in Singapore. All cinemas that opened before 2000 have been refurbished. GV@Capitol screens movies from December to March every year and is not associated with GV.
IMM (Singapore)

The International Merchandising Mart Mall (usually referred to as IMM Mall) is an outlet mall owned by CapitaLand Mall Trust, located in Jurong East, Singapore. Opened in 1991, it is a five-storey mall with 961,281 square feet (89,305.9 m) of retail space. Besides retail stores, it also houses offices and warehouses for storage, which is advantageous in terms of cost efficiency to some retailers. The mall has capacity for 235 retail outlets and 430 non-retail outlets. Anchor tenants of the mall include Giant Hypermarket, Daiso department store and Best Denki.
Originally owned by a group of Japanese investors including Yaohan and the Trade Development Board, IMM partially opened in May 1991 and planned to be fully operational by September 1991. It was touted to be one of the world's largest one-stop wholesale centres.
In May 2012, IMM began a $30 million renovation project. The size of the building was increased and more stores were set up in the shopping centre.
In June 2024, IMM began another renovation project. Many shops such as Cotton On Outlet, were temporarily closed. Phase 1 reopened on 4 December 2024.
Eastpoint Mall, Singapore

Eastpoint Mall (Chinese: 东福坊) is a shopping mall located in Simei, Singapore beside Simei MRT station. It was formerly known for its wide selection of educational and enrichment centres and its pet shop (The Pet Safari), which was once the largest in Asia.
The mall is owned by NTUC Income, and is managed by Frasers Property.
Eastpoint Mall was developed by Far East Organisation and was completed in November 1996, followed by an official opening in January 1997 by then Minister for National Development Mr Lim Hng Kiang. Like other suburban malls at that time, it had a Studio City cinema, an NTUC Fairprice supermarket, an Oriental Grand department store, food court, a Funpolis arcade and Popular book store as anchors. It also had an array of speciality shops and restaurants. The mall pioneered several firsts, such as a rooftop children's pool and a wet market (The Pasar by FairPrice) on the ground level of the mall.
In 1998, the property was sold to NTUC Income Insurance Co-operative Pte Ltd.
In June 1999, Studio City Cinemas went bust due to low patronage and was replaced by Golden Village in November that year. The wet market was replaced by local pet retailer The Pet Safari. Oriental Grand moved out after filing for bankruptcy, and its space was taken up by Best Denki.
In the early 2000s, the mall underwent a minor facelift and a repositioning exercise in a bid to address its dwindling patronage due to competition from the malls at Tampines and the city. As a result, Golden Village closed in early 2002 and was replaced by a bunch of tuition and enrichment centres. The rooftop children's pool was also closed at the same time as well. In 2006, several anchor tenants, including The Pet Safari and Best Denki, withdrew or moved into smaller premises. Minor renovation works were also carried out as well.
The mall did not undergo any major refurbishments until March 2013, when it was revamped with a new exterior facade, a change in interior layout and an increase in retail space with a refreshed tenant mix. Several anchor tenants returned and were relocated to different levels, such as NTUC FairPrice taking up the entirety of Level 5, and Challenger and Daiso reallocated to Basement 1. The food court was reallocated to Level 4, operated by Food Junction. Level 6 remains allocated to tuition and enrichment centres, a childcare centre and a nautical themed playground. McDonald's, for the first time in the area, was added and positioned in the outer area of the mall, with two levels of patron seating. The mall reopened in December 2014.
Food Bank Singapore

The Food Bank Singapore Ltd. was founded in 2012, and is a registered charity and Institution of a Public Character (IPC) in Singapore. It operates as a foodbank that collects excess food from food suppliers and re-distributes them to organisations such as old folks' homes, family service centres and soup kitchens. Food Bank Singapore is a member of the Global Foodbanking Network.
As of 2019, it also distributes food through Food Pantry 2.0, vending machines at various locations which are accessible 24/7 to those with a special food credit card.
In Singapore, the National Environment Agency publishes annual statistics of food waste. In 2014, 788,600 tonnes of food is wasted annually in Singapore, and the recycling rate is only 13% (whereas the overall recycling rate is 60%).
The Food Bank Singapore provides various types of food donations to beneficiaries by collecting excess non-perishables from food industry donors, food drives, and bank boxes located island-wide. They collect perishable food like fruits and vegetables from Pasir Panjang Wholesale Centre, cakes and pastries from F&B establishments, and cooked food from hotels through their Food Rescue Project.
The Star, Singapore

The Star is a 15-storey mixed use complex located in one-north, Singapore, integrating a performing arts centre called The Star Performing Arts Centre, and a shopping mall called The Star Vista. The building was designed by Andrew Bromberg of the architectural firm Aedas, costs S$500 million to develop, and is owned by Rock Productions Pte Ltd, the business arm of the Singaporean megachurch New Creation Church; The Star Performing Arts Centre is used as the church service venue for New Creation Church. It is adjacent to the Buona Vista MRT station on the East West Line and Circle Line.
The Star Performing Arts Centre is located in the top nine floors of The Star (levels 3 to 11), and contains The Star Theatre, a 5,000 seat auditorium. It also features a 770-seat function hall, an outdoor 300-seat amphitheatre, multi-purpose rooms and a rooftop reception area. It was completed in October 2012 and officially opened on 1 November 2012, with an inaugural concert by David Foster.
The Star Vista is a shopping mall occupying three floors in The Star, and was developed by CapitaLand. It contains 162,500 square feet (15,100 m) on retail space. In November 2019, Rock Productions acquired The Star Vista for S$296 million from CapitaLand, after CapitaLand was purportedly in talks with buyers for a potential sale. New Creation Church explained that the acquisition was necessary "to protect the interest of the church", citing concerns of buyers with interests conflicting with the church's use of The Star Performing Arts Centre for religious purposes.
In May 2013, the National Council of Churches of Singapore (NCCS) said it was looking into a complaint about singer Adam Lambert performing at The Star Performing Arts Centre. Lim K. Tham, general secretary of the council said it had received a complaint that "the gay lifestyle may be promoted at the concert", a reference to Lambert's homosexuality, and that "The NCCS has conveyed this concern to New Creation so that it can make a response."
In a statement, the church said that according to stipulations from the authorities before the tender was awarded to Rock Productions, the venue had to operate "on a purely commercial basis and will not implement any leasing or pricing policies that will discriminate between religious groups, institutions or organisations from hiring the venue". The church said all public events require a public entertainment licence from the police, and it had "utmost confidence" in the policies and ability of government bodies such as the Media Development Authority to "protect the interest of the general public". The statement added that any event at the performing arts centre "should not be misconstrued or misunderstood" as the church "approving of its artistic presentation or endorsing the lifestyle of the performer".
Heartland Mall

Heartland Mall (Chinese: 心邻坊) is a shopping mall in Singapore. A relatively small shopping mall in comparison with other malls, it serves the neighbourhood of Kovan. It consists of four floors without a basement, and the fourth level occupied only by tuition centres. The mall is situated in an area known as Kovan City (Chinese: 高文城) which used to be Hougang Town Centre, but the town centre was shifted to Hougang Central when neighbourhoods sprung up further north.
The mall was initially the largest Oriental Emporium outlet in Singapore. In 2001, the assets of The Emporium Group was taken over by Heartland Retail Group and the outlet was renamed the Heartland Mall.
In 2012, Guthrie GTS fully took over Heartland Retail Group which it already owned 50% of the group, leading to Heartland Mall being transferred to Guthrie GTS.
In 2015, Alpha Investment Partners, part of Keppel Capital and sponsored by Keppel Group, bought the lower three levels of Heartland Mall from Guthrie GTS. In 2016, Alpha sold them to Master Contract Services, a Singapore-based group in the property and construction businesses.
Notable shops in Heartland Mall include Popular, Old Chang Kee, Japan Home, PrimaDeli, Toast Box, Saizeriya, Ya Kun Kaya Toast, Burger King, Mos Burger, Suki-ya, Watsons and Sakae Sushi. The majority of the first floor is occupied by Cold Storage, a local supermarket chain.
Forum Mall Kochi

Forum Kochi is a premium shopping mall located in Maradu in the city of Kochi in Kerala, India. The Mall is promoted by one of the India's Top builders and Real Estate Devolopers in Banglore, the Prestige Group. Spanning over 10 acres of land, the mall has a total built up area of 10,36,135 sq ft and total retail space of 6,39,606 sq ft.
The mall is the second-largest in the city in terms of retail space. The mall started its construction in April 2011 with the support of Thomsun Group. The mall opened for the public on 19 August 2023.
Access to Forum Mall is very convenient. Visitors can get down at the Vytilla station on the Kochi Metro, from where the mall is just 3.3 km away. Alternatively, most major private buses have a stop right in front of the mall. The distance from Vytilla Hub to the mall is just 4 km. Forum Kochi is 30 km away from the Cial and 7 km from Ernakulam South Railway Station.
The mall have 7 Anchor Brands which consist of Lulu Hypermarket, PVR Luxe, Mark n Spencer, H&M, Fun city, Life style, Shoppers stop . There are total 21 Food & Beverages outlets, 850 seater food court and 9 screen multiplex by PVR. International Brands Like Lacoste, Bath & Body Works, Under Armour, and Beverly Hills Polo Club are unique stores in Kochi, exclusively located inside Forum Kochi. Inside the mall, you'll find the latest smartphones at My G Store and Imagine Apple Store. The Ground Floor also boasts a convenient and stylish lineup of international fashion brands, including Superdry, Armani Exchange, and Calvin Klein. A 39 Luxurious room hotel space with swimming pool is also being developed in collaboration with Marriott International inside the mall. There is Restaurant Meen by chef pillai, the newest addition to Forum Kochi's culinary scene, serving traditional Kerala cuisine. Alternatively, savor authentic North Indian flavors at Punjab Grill Restaurant or You Mee Restaurant, where a diverse range of dishes promises to delight your taste buds.
Forum Kochi has established itself as a premier destination for movie promotions, hosting some of the most exciting and star-studded events in the industry. The mall has been a key venue for promotions of major films, including Mohanlal's Barroz, Sivakarthikeyan's Amaran, Vijay Sethupathi's Maharaja, and Tovino Thomas' ARM. The first-ever movie promotion at Forum Kochi was for Prithviraj’s Guruvayoor Ambalanadayil, which turned out to be a massive success, setting the stage for many more grand promotional events. With its vibrant atmosphere and enthusiastic audience, Forum Kochi continues to be a preferred hub for film promotions in Kerala.
Here are some main events happened in Forum Kochi in Month Wise Pattern
Food Republic

Food Republic (Chinese: 大食代; pinyin: Dàshídài) is a food court chain run by the BreadTalk Group based in Singapore. CEO of Food Republic is Mr. Jenson Ong.
The concept combines local hawker fare with mini restaurants (some of which have exclusive seating) in an open dining concept. Some stalls are also run from standalone pushcarts. Food Republic's elaborate decor and furniture are designed to invoke a nostalgic kampong atmosphere.
There are currently fourteen branches in Singapore, which are open at Wisma Atria, 313@Somerset, VivoCity, Suntec City, NEX, Parkway Parade, City Square, BreadTalk IHQ, Causeway Point, Westgate, Shaw House, Manulife and Capitol Piazza. In addition, the group operates a food court by the name of Food Opera at ION Orchard together with Tea Loft with high prices that have attracted much attention by the media and the general public.
The Wisma Atria branch seats 900 people while the VivoCity one is slightly bigger and also has a Toast Box outlet attached.
The chain has five branches in Hong Kong, which are located at Prudential Centre in Jordan, Citygate Outlets in Tung Chung, Silvercord in Tsim Sha Tsui, Domain (Hong Kong) in Yau Tong and Olympian City in Tai Kok Tsui. Silvercord branch and Olympian City branch also have Toast Box outlets attached. Toast Box also has branches located at the basement level of Times Square in Causeway Bay and On Shing Terrace of Taikoo Shing. BreadTalk has also had a branch in Viva Beijing, Beijing, at which breadtalk is directly connected to.
In Malaysia, there is a branch located at the basement level of Pavilion Kuala Lumpur in Bukit Bintang. It also opened its latest outlet in Malaysia at Pavilion Bukit Jalil, located at Level 1.
In 2011, Food Republic opened ten branches in Jakarta, Indonesia: Pacific Place, Grand Indonesia, Pondok Indah Mall 3, Mal Kelapa Gading, Mall of Indonesia, PIK Avenue, Neo Soho Podomoro City, Lippo Mall Puri, and Summarecon Mall Serpong.
In 2012, Food Republic opened three branches in Taiwan: in Banchiao, Taipei City, and Kaohsiung. The most recent of the three opened in Taipei in the first floor of the Carrefour building in Neihu.
Food Republic entered Thailand in 2012, with its first location at CentralPlaza Grand Rama IX. It operated up to six branches in Bangkok, but began closing down in 2021. It is scheduled to exit the country by the end of 2024.
In 2015, Food Republic opened 4 branches in Tokyo, Japan.
In 2016, Food Republic opened a branch in Disneytown, which is a shopping district in Shanghai Disney Resort.
In 2017, Food Republic opened 2 branches at Shenzhen, China.
Butterscotch

Butterscotch is a type of confection whose primary ingredients are brown sugar and butter. Some recipes include corn syrup, cream, vanilla, and salt. The earliest known recipes, in mid-19th century Yorkshire, used treacle (molasses) in place of, or in addition to, sugar.
Butterscotch is similar to toffee, but the sugar is boiled to the soft crack stage, not hard crack. Often credited with their invention, S. Parkinson & Sons of Doncaster made butterscotch boiled sweets and sold them in tins, which became one of the town's best-known exports. They became famous in 1851 after Queen Victoria was presented with a tin when she visited the town. Butterscotch sauce, made of butterscotch and cream, is used as a topping for ice cream (particularly sundaes).
The term "butterscotch" is also often used more specifically for the flavour of brown sugar and butter together, even if the actual confection butterscotch is not involved, such as in butterscotch pudding (a type of custard).
Food historians have several theories regarding the name and origin of this confectionery, but none is conclusive. One explanation is the meaning "to cut or score" for the word "scotch", as the confection must be cut into pieces, or "scotched", before hardening. Alternatively, the "scotch" may derive from the word "scorch". In 1855, F. K. Robinson's Glossary of Yorkshire Words explained Butterscotch as "a treacle ball with an amalgamation of butter in it".
Early mentions of butterscotch associate the confection with Doncaster in Yorkshire. An 1848 issue of the Liverpool Mercury gave a recipe for "Doncaster butterscotch" as "one pound of butter, one pound of sugar and a quarter of a pound of treacle, boiled together" (500 g each of butter and sugar and 125 g treacle).
By 1851, Doncaster butterscotch was sold commercially by rival confectioners S. Parkinson & Sons (the original Parkinson recipe is still made today), Henry Hall, and Booth's via agents elsewhere in Yorkshire. Parkinson's started to use and advertise the Doncaster Church as their trademark. It was advertised as "Royal Doncaster Butterscotch", or "The Queen's Sweetmeat", and said to be "the best emollient for the chest in the winter season". Parkinson's Butterscotch was by appointment to the royal household and was presented to the Princess Elizabeth, then the Duchess of Edinburgh, in 1948 and to Anne, Princess Royal in 2007. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the British sweet became popular in the U.S.
Butterscotch is often used as a flavour for items such as dessert sauce, pudding, and biscuits (cookies). To that end, it can be bought in "butterscotch chips" made with hydrogenated (solid) fats to be similar for baking use to chocolate chips.
Also, individually wrapped, translucent yellow hard candies (butterscotch disks) are made with an artificial butterscotch flavour. In addition, butterscotch-flavoured liqueur is in production.
Butterscotch sauce is made of brown sugar cooked to 240 °F (116 °C) mixed with butter and cream.
Angel Delight

Angel Delight is a powdered dessert mix produced in the United Kingdom. It is designed to be whisked with milk to create a sweet mousse-like dessert.
Angel Delight was released in 1967 by the Bird's company, in a strawberries-and-cream flavour. By the 1970s, Bird's had doubled the market for instant desserts. After a lull in popularity during the 1980s, a revival campaign, featuring Wallace & Gromit, was run in 1999. In 2006 the brand was the best-selling line in the UK instant cold desserts sector. The brand is now owned by Premier Foods. The dessert was named Britain's 'favourite childhood dish' in a 2015 survey by Food Network.
Angel Delight is currently sold in five flavours: strawberry, butterscotch, chocolate, chocolate mint and banana. No added sugar variants of butterscotch, white chocolate, and strawberry flavours are also sold. Currently, it is available in three quantity variants: four-serving packets, twelve-serving tubs and single-serving ready-to-eat cups (launched in 2017 in an attempt to modernise the brand, with an accompanying digital marketing campaign). Not all flavours are available in all size formats; for instance, tubs are only available in strawberry and butterscotch flavours.
Discontinued flavours include: coffee, coffee walnut, black cherry, blueberry, peach, lime, lemon, blackcurrant, bubblegum, tangerine, vanilla ice cream, forest fruits, popcorn, candy floss, butter mint, White Chocolate and raspberry.
Chocolate chip

Chocolate chips or chocolate morsels are small chunks of sweetened chocolate, used as an ingredient in a number of desserts (notably chocolate chip cookies and muffins), in trail mix and less commonly in some breakfast foods such as pancakes. They are often manufactured as teardrop-shaped volumes with flat circular bases; another variety of chocolate chips have the shape of rectangular or square blocks. They are available in various sizes, usually less than 10 millimetres (0.39 in) in diameter.
Chocolate chips were created with the invention of chocolate chip cookies in 1938 when Ruth Graves Wakefield of the Toll House Inn in the town of Whitman, Massachusetts added cut-up chunks of a semi-sweet Nestlé chocolate bar to a cookie recipe. (The Nestlé brand Toll House cookies is named for the inn.) The cookies were a huge success, and Wakefield reached an agreement in 1939 with Nestlé to add her recipe to the chocolate bar's packaging in exchange for a lifetime supply of chocolate. Initially, Nestlé included a small chopping tool with the chocolate bars. In 1941, Nestlé and at least one of its competitors started selling the chocolate in "chip" (or "morsel") form.
Originally, chocolate chips were made of semi-sweet chocolate, but today there are many flavors. These include bittersweet, peanut butter, butterscotch, mint chocolate, white chocolate, dark chocolate, milk chocolate, and white and dark swirled chips.
Chocolate chips can be used in cookies, pancakes, waffles, cakes, pudding, muffins, crêpes, pies, hot chocolate, and various pastries. They are also found in many other retail food products such as granola bars, ice cream, and trail mix.
Chocolate chips can also be melted and used in sauces and other recipes. The chips melt best at temperatures between 104 and 113 °F (40 and 45 °C). The melting process starts at 90 °F (32 °C), when the cocoa butter starts melting in the chips. The cooking temperature must never exceed 115 °F (46 °C) for milk chocolate and white chocolate, or 120 °F (49 °C) for dark chocolate, or the chocolate will burn.
Although convenient, melted chocolate chips are not always recommended as a substitute for baking chocolate. Because most chocolate chips are designed to retain their shape when baking, they contain less cocoa butter than baking chocolate, and so can be more difficult to work with melted.
Chocolate chips are popular as a baking ingredient in the United States. Originating in the US, the chocolate chip cookie is widely available many parts of the world. Nestlé and the Hershey Company are some producers of chocolate chips.
Butterscotch pie

Butterscotch pie is a pie in American cuisine made by cooking brown sugar with egg yolks, corn starch, milk or cream, and butter to make a butterscotch custard pie filling which is topped with meringue and browned in the oven. Variations on the basic pie can be made with grated chocolate or orange rind which are sprinkled on the warm filling under the meringue topping.
The pie is said to have originated at a Connersville, Indiana creamery in 1904 when Sarah Wheeler accidentally made butterscotch out of burnt custard and made a pie out of it for her sons. The recipe for this pie was published in the 1904 edition of a Methodist church cookbook, and helped her launch a chain of restaurants. The last Wheeler's restaurant closed in 1969, but according to the recipe published by the Indianapolis Star, attributed to Sarah Wheeler, the filling was made by stirring caramelized brown sugar into a mixture of flour and egg yolks, then adding butter and vanilla.
There are different ways to make the butterscotch filling. The egg yolks and milk can be added to the brown sugar and thickener, then butter and vanilla mixed in after the mixture has started to bubble, or the egg yolks can be added after the milk and sugar mixture has thickened. Another way to make the filling is to melt the butter first, and then add the other ingredients to the melted butter, first the sugar and cream, then scalded milk added in two portions with thickener. For the second version egg yolks are stirred in at the end. The pie filling can also be made with dark corn syrup, and evaporated milk can be used instead of milk or cream.
Улаан цутгалан

Улаан цутгалан — Монгол улсын Өвөрхангай аймгийн Бат-өлзий сумын нутагт, Орхон голд цутгах Улаан гол дээрх хүрхрээ юм.
Хүрхрээний өндөр нь 24 метр байдаг бол Орхон голын усны их багаас хамаарч 25-50 метрийн хооронд хэлбэлзэж байдаг болохоор Монгол улсын хамгийн өргөн хүрхрээ болно. Бат-өлзий сумын төвөөс баруун тийш 20 км зайтай. Улаан цутгалангийн хүрхрээ нь Монгол орны аялал жуулчлалын гол зорин очих газруудын нэг юм.
Орхон гол эхэн нутагт уулс нь голууддаа ойр учраас эрчмийн үзүүлэлт өндөртэй аадар бороо, мөн хоногоор үргэлжлэх зүс борооны дараа уулын ус хурдан бууж, Орхон голын ус хэдхэн цагийн дотор мэдэгдэхүйц нэмэгдэж үер буудаг. Энэ үед Орхон голын хүрхрээний ус ихсэж хүрхрээний дээш бургилж нэгээс хоёр төө орчимтой өндөр нэмэгддэг. Улаан цутгалан хүрхрээний өргөний хэмжээ тэлж заримдаа 60 метр хүрэх нь бий.
Өвөрхангай аймгийн Бат-Өлзий сумын нутагт Улаан цутгалангаас гадна “Орхоны хүрхрээ буюу бага цутгалан”, “Татуурын хүрхрээ”, “Цагаан голын хүрхрээ” хэмээх том жижиг нийлсэн дөрөв таван хүрхрээ буй.
Улаан цутгалан үзэхийн тулд бартаа саад ихтэй шороон замаар зорчиж хүрдэг. Улаан цутгалангаас 300-600 метр дотор "Майхан отог" тэмдэглэгээт майхантай отоглох газрууд бий.
Жил бүрийн өвөл Улаан цутгаланд мөсний авиралтийн Хархорин Фестиваль олон улсын тэмцээн болдог.
Айраг нуур

Айраг нуур нь баруун Монголын Их нууруудын хотгорт байх цэнгэг уст нуур. Эрт цагт Хяргас нууртай нэг савд байжээ. Айраг нуур нь илүүдэл усаа 5 км урт 200-300 м өргөн хоолойгоор Хяргас нуурт өгнө. Энэ хоолой зарим газраа 5-7 м гүн намуун урсгалтай байх ба өвөл хөлддөггүй.. Тус нуур нь бусад нууруудыг бодвол усны тунгалагшил бага, булингар ихтэй.
Нуурын ус зундаа бараг ёроолоо хүртэл халах ба урсгал учраас усны температур жигд байна. Өвөл ч гэсэн усны температаурт зөрүү бараг байхгүй аль ч хэсэгтээ 1-2.5°C байна.
Буйр нуур

Буйр нуур нь зүүн Монгол-Өвөр Монголын зааг дээр орших цэнгэг уст нуур. Зэргэлдээ орших Хөлөн буюу Далай нууртай хамт Хөлөн-Буйрын экологийн бүс нутагт хамрагдана. Тус нуурыг 2004 онд Рамсарын конвенцид олон улсын ач холбогдол бүхий ус намгархаг газрын жагсаалтад бүртгэжээ.
Нуурын өмнөд эрэгт түрэлт давалгаагаар үүссэн 3-5 метр өндөр элсэн далан үргэлжилдэг ба завсарт нь жижиг нуур тогтож зарим нь үндсэн нууртайгаа холбогдоно. Зүүн ба хойд эрэгт өндөр дэнж байрлах ба тэр хавьд Халх гол цутгаж Оршуун гол урсаж гардаг тул эргийн дагуу бургас, нишингэ шигүү ургана.
Буйр нуурын усны түвшин жилийн доторхи хэлбэлзэл, унах хур тундас цутгал голын урсацаас шалтгаална. Илүүдэл усаа Оршуун голоор дамжуулан Хөлөн нуурт өгнө. Нуурын баруун өмнөд үзүүрээс Холбоо гэдэг бяцхан горхи урсаж Баян нуурт цутгадаг байсан боловч одоо зөвхөн хур тунадас элбэг жилд л урсацтай.
Буйр нуур маш цэнгэг устай нуурын тоонд ордог. Нуурын усанд гидрокарбонат, хлорид, натри, кальц зэрэг ион зонхилох тул гидрокарбонат-хлоридын ангид багтана.
Дөргөн нуур

Дөргөн нуур нь баруун Монголын Их нууруудын хотгор дахь давст нуур.
Хар нууртай залгаа орших энэ нуурын эргийн байдал бусад нууруудыг бодвол илүү цөлөрхөг бөгөөд ялангуяа нуурын зүүн хойт талаас 50-100 метр харьцах өндөртэй. Бага нуурын манхан элс уснаа гүн түрж нуурын ёроолыг хучна.
Нуурын баруун талд Алтайн салбар Жаргалант хайрхан уулын ар хормой болох Таван Харын тал Сээх нуур руу хэвгий бэл үргэлжилж говийн хайргаар хучигдсан байна. Зөвхөн Хомын хоолой, Ногоон нуурын зах, Мэргэний шанаа хавьд намгархаг болж бага хэмжээний нишингэ ургана. Энэ нуур нь гадагш урсгалгүй учир нилээд давсжиж шорвог устай.
Хөвсгөл нуур

Хөвсгөл нуур буюу Хөвсгөл далай нь Монгол улсын хойд хэсэгт Хөвсгөл аймагт далайн түвшнээс 1645 метр өндөрт оршдог цэнгэг устай нуур. Энэ нуур нь Монголын хамгийн их эзлэхүүнтэй, хамгийн гүн нуур юм. Хөвсгөл нуур нь дэлхийн арван долоон эртний нуурын нэг юм. 2 сая гаруй жилийн настай хэмээн тооцоолсон байдаг. Нийт усны эзлэхүүн 381 км³ байдаг нь дэлхийн цэнгэг усны 0.4 хувьтай тэнцэнэ.
Хөвсгөл нуурт 46 гол горхи цутгах бөгөөд ганцхан Эгийн гол эх авч урсан Сэлэнгэ мөрөнд цутгана. Явсаар нийт 1000 км зайг туулан Байгал нуурт цутгадаг. Энэ хоёр нуурын хоорондын шууд зай нь ердөө 200 км.
Хөвсгөл нуурын хамгийн гүн хэсэгтээ 262.4 метр, урт нь 136 км, хамгийн өргөн хэсэг нь 36,5 км ажээ.
Хөвсгөл нуурын байгалийн цогцолбор газар Сибирийн тайга, Төв Азийн хээр талын бүсийн шилжилтийн хэсэгт хамаарна. Хөвсгөл нуурын өмнөд, хойд эрэгт орших Хатгал, Турт гэсэн хоёр боомтын хооронд зун цагт усан тээвэр хийгддэг. Хөвсгөл нуурын эргэн тойрон фосфоритоор баялаг. Уг нуур нь Монгол улсын аялал жуулчлалын гол чиглэлийн нэг юм.
Хөвсгөл гэдэг үг нь түрэг хэлээр Көп Су Кул буюу "Их Устай Нуур" гэсэн үг юм. Монголчууд уг нуурыг эрт дээр үеэс Ариг ус хэмээн нэрлэж байжээ. Хөвсгөл гэдэг үгийн язгуур нь түрэг гаралтай хэлнүүдийн олон, их гэсэн утгатай Көп, ус гэсэн утгатай Су, түрэг гаралтай хэлнүүдийн нуур гэсэн утгатай Кул гэсэн үг гэж зарим эрдэмтэд үздэг. Ингээд Көп-их, су-ус кул-нуур буюу их уст нуур гэсэн таамаг байдаг юм.
Хөвсгөл нуурын умард үзүүр нь Монголын ОХУ-тай хиллэх улсын хилээс 15 км байрлах бөгөөд Саяны нурууны зүүн хэсэгт байрлана. Азийн цэнгэг уст нууруудаас усны эзлэхүүнээрээ хоёрт жагсах бөгөөд Монгол улсын нийт цэнгэг усны 70%, дэлхийн цэнгэг усны 0.48%-г өөртөө агуулна.
Тус нуурын ус цуглуулах талбай нь харьцангуй жижиг бөгөөд нуур руу цутгах голууд нь жижиг. Өмнөд хэсэгт Эгийн гол эх авах бөгөөд Сэлэнгэ мөрөн, цаашлаад Байгал нууртай холбогдоно. Ус нь Байгал нуур хүртэл 1000 км гаруй, өндрөөрөө 1169 метрийн ялгаатай уртыг туулдаг. Өвлийн улиралд 12-р сараас 5 сар хүртэл хөлддөг учир нуурын мөсөн дээгүүр машин тээвэр явах боломжтой ч ингэх явцад нуурыг ихэд бохирдуулжээ. 30-40 машин нууранд живсэн хэмээх судалгаа байдаг.
Монгол Улсын Засгийн Газар

Ерөнхий Сайд Лувсаннамсрайн Оюун-Эрдэнийн тэргүүлж буй Монгол Улсын Засгийн Газрын өнөөгийн бүрэлдэхүүн нь 2020 оны Улсын Их Хурлын сонгуулийн үр дүнд байгуулагдсан У. Хүрэлсүхийн засгийн газар бүрэн бүрэлдэхүүнээрээ огцорсны дараа 2021 оны 1 сарын 27-нд Ерөнхий сайд УИХ-ын чуулганаар томилогдож, 1 сарын 29-нд танхимын сайд нарыг УИХ-д танилцуулснаар тангараг өргөж үүрэгт ажилдаа орсон.
Засгийн газрын тухай хуульд нэмэлт өөрчлөлт оруулснаар 2022 оны 1 сард Эдийн засаг, хөгжлийн яам болон Цахим хөгжил, харилцаа холбооны яамыг шинээр байгуулжээ.
2022 оны 1 сарын 17-ны өдрийн Засгийн Газрын хуралдаанаар Байгаль орчин, аялал жуулчлалын сайд Нямжавын Уртнасанг огцруулахаар болж, 1 сарын 18-нд түүний оронд Бат-Өлзийн Бат-Эрдэнийг УИХ-ын чуулганд танилцуулж, сайдаар томилов.
2022 оны 8 сард Үндсэн Хуулийн Цэц Үндсэн хуульд оруулсан нэмэлт өөрчлөлтийн тодорхой заалтыг хүчингүй болгосонтой холбогдуулан Засгийн Газрын тухай хуульд өөрчлөлт оруулж, ингэснээр 2022 оны 8 сарын 30-нд УИХ-ын нэр бүхий гишүүд шинээр сайдын албанд томилогдов. Гэсэн ч Хөдөлмөр, нийгмийн хамгааллын сайдаар шинээр томилогдсон Даваажанцангийн Сарангэрэл "Халамжаас хөдөлмөрт" хэлэлцүүлгийн үеэр хэлсэн үгэндээ ороогдож огцрох хүсэлт гаргасныг ерөнхий сайд ёсоор болгож, оронд нь 10 сарын 21-нд Төмөрбаатарын Аюурсайханыг томилсон ч, Аюурсайхан "Нүүрсний" гэх хэрэгт холбогдсон тул прокуророос түүний бүрэн эрхийг түдгэлзүүлэх санал ирүүлснээр 2023 оны 3-р сарын 24-нд үүрэгт ажлаас нь чөлөөлсөн.
Улмаар 2023 оны 1 сарын 5-нд УИХ-ын гишүүн бус 2 сайдаа УИХ-ын гишүүдээр сольж, мөн Боомтын сэргэлтийн сайдыг томилсноор засгийн газар бүрдсэн.
2023 оны 4 сарын 7-нд Т.Аюурсайханы оронд Хүрэлбаатарын Булгантуяаг хөдөлмөр, нийгмийн хамгааллын сайдаар шилжүүлэн томилж, Буяагийн Тулгыг боомтын сэргэлтийн асуудал хариуцсан сайдаар томилжээ.
2023 оны 10 сард Хууль зүй дотоод хэргийн сайд Хишгээгийн Нямбаатар Улаанбаатар хотын даргаар томилогдсонтой холбогдуулан Баттөмөрийн Энхбаярыг томилсон. Мөн Улаанбаатар хотын нийтийн тээврийн шинэчлэлийн асуудалд холбогдсоны улмаас албан тушаалаасаа огцрох хүсэлт гаргасан Түгжрэлийг бууруулах үндэсний хорооны дарга Жамъянхорлоогийн Сүхбаатарын оронд Борхүүгийн Дэлгэрсайханыг томилжээ.
Монгол Улсын Засгийн Газар төрийн хуулийг биелүүлж, аж ахуй, нийгэм, соёлын байгуулалтыг удирдах нийтлэг чиг үүргийн дагуу дараах үндсэн бүрэн эрхийг хэрэгжүүлнэ.
Сэлэнгэ мөрөн

Сэлэнгэ мөрөн нь Монгол улсын гол мөрдийн үндсэн усан сүлжээ бөгөөд том жижиг бүх цутгал голуудыг оролцуулбал усан сүлжээний уртын нийлбэр 20000 км хүрнэ. Өөрөөр хэлбэл Монголын гол мөрний нийт уртын 40 гаруй хувь нь Сэлэнгэ мөрний тогтолцоонд хамрагддаг байна.
Дэлгэр, Идэр хоёр голын бэлчрийг Сэлэнгийнх гэж үзвэл Сэлэнгэ мөрний нийт урт 1024 километр, түүнээс 615 км нь тус улсын нутагт байна. Сэлэнгэ мөрний талбайн хэмжээ 447000 хавтгай дөрвөлжин км бөгөөд үүний 55 хувь буюу 282000 хавт.дөр.км нь манай орны нутаг дэвсгэрт оногдоно. Сэлэнгийн тогтолцоонд хамаарах нийт голын талбай Умард мөсөн далайн талбайн 87,3 хувь, манай орны нутаг дэвсгэрийн 28 хувийг тус тус эзэлж байна.
Голын эхний хэсэгт голдрилын өргөн 60-70 м, салаа татуурын өргөн 10-25 м, цээл цүнхэлдээ 2,5-3,0 м байснаа адаг руугаа голдрилын өргөн 100-250 м, усны гүн харгиа боргиотой газраа 1,0-2,0 м, цээл цүнхэлдээ 4-5 м хүрдэг.
Сэлэнгэ мөрөн усны найрлага, химийн бүтцээр манай орны томоохон голууд дотор хамгийн их эрдэсжилтэйд тооцогдох ба гидрокарбонатын ус бүхий голуудад хамаарна. Сэлэнгэ мөрөнд манай орны томоохон гол мөрөн болох Дэлгэр, Идэр, Хануй, Эг, Орхон зэрэг голууд цутгана.
Сэлэнгэ мөрний эрэг дагуу үржил шимт уужим хөндийтэй. Татам дагууд нь шинэс, улиас бүхий өтгөн бургас, бут сөөг ургана.
Сэлэнгэ мөрөн 1751, 1785, 1830, 1864, 1867, 1869, 1872, 1897 онуудад ихээхэн хэмжээгээр үерлэж байсан баримт бий. Сэлэнгэ мөрөн 11 сарын хоёрдугаар хагасаас дараах оны 4 сарын хууч хүртэл 140-185 хоног хөлддөг. Мөсний зузаан нь 67-167 см байна. Усны температур нь өвөл 0 хэм хүртэл хөрдөг бөгөөд 1973 онд оны зун нэмэх 25 градус хүртэл халж байжээ.
Сэлэнгэ мөрөн нь Байгал нуурын хамгийн том цутгал юм. Байгал нуурт 1/2 усыг нь хангаж өгч байдаг юм.
Сэлэнгэ мөрний адаг нь маш өвөрмөц бөгөөд нуур луу задарч, олон садраа үүсгэн цутгадаг байна. Садраа нь маш том ба 680 км² талбай үүсгэдэг байна.
Усны дундаж зарцуулалт Орос, Монголын хилийн ойролцоо 310 м³/сек, 127 км, цаана адагтаа 935 м³/сек зарцуулдаг байна.
Сэлэнгэ мөрөн нь 26 зүйлийн загастай бөгөөд агнуурын ач холбогдолтой загас үүнд: цурхай, зэвэг, алгана, булуу цагаан, хадран, улаан нүдэн, гутаарь гэх мэт. Агнуурын үнэт загас үүнд: сибирь хилэм, тул, омуль гэх мэт.
Сэлэнгэ мөрөн нь маш үзэсгэлэнт хөндийгөөр урсдаг юм. Ялангуяа Эг-Сэлэнгэ, Орхон-Сэлэнгийн бэлчир нь маш их үзэсгэлэнтэй юм. Энэ бүс газарт аялал жуулчлал хөгжүүлэх боломжтой. Сэлэнгэ мөрөн нь хилэм загасны гол нүүдэллэдэг, түрсээ шахдаг газар нь юм.
2014 он

2014 он (MMXIV) буюу Хоёр мянга арван дөрвөн он, Хоёр мянган арвандөрөвдүгээр он нь лхагва гарагт эхэлсэн ердийн жил юм. Григорийн тоолол буюу Нийтийн тоолол ёсоор Манай эрин-ий 2014 дахь он бөгөөд 3 дахь мянган болон XXI зууны 14 дахь, 2010-д оны 5 дахь он болно.
Чадраабалын Туул

Чадраабалын Туул — БНМАУ-ын Гавьяат Жүжигчин дуучин.
Өмнөговь аймгийн Номгон суманд хилчний гэр бүлд төрсөн. Ховд аймгийн Чандмань сумын уугуул.
Улаанбаатар хотод 1968-1972 онд Багшийн сургуульд, 1973-1977 онд УБДС-д суралцаж төгсчээ. 1972-1973 он, 1977 оноос хойш ААДБЧ, БЦДБЧ-д дуучин, гоцлол дуучнаар ажиллажээ.
Ээж, УГЖ Л.Цэрэнпилийнхээ олон жил дуулж мөнхжүүлсэн “Амрагийн дуу”-г залгамжлан тайзнаа амьдруулж “Цэргийн вальс”, "Чамайг үдье" гэхчилэн цэрэг, эх орон, хайр сэтгэлийн сэдэвтэй иргэнлэг уянгын дуунуудаар урын сангаа бүрдүүлжээ.
Түүний ээж БНМАУ-ын Гавьяат Жүжигчин, дуучин Л.Цэрэнпил ажээ.