davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Placa del mar de las Molucas

La placa del Mar de las Molucas (también conocida como microplaca del Mar de las Molucas) fue considerado una pequeña placa tectónica soportando el norte de Sulawesi, el mar de las Molucas y una parte del mar de Banda, en una región llena de numerosas pequeñas placas. De acuerdo con la teoría anterior, una zona de subducción se extiende a lo largo de su límite norte con la placa de la Sonda. Existe un pequeño borde divergente a lo largo de la parte de Sulawesi del límite con la placa del Mar de Banda que se convierte en un borde convergente, ya que divide el mar de Banda en dos partes; el resto de los límites son bordes transformantes.
Estudios científicos más recientes sugieren que la placa del Mar de las Molucas ha sido totalmente subsumida por la placa Halmahera y la placa Sangihe, de modo que ninguna parte de la placa del Mar de las Molucas sigue expuesta a la superficie de la Tierra. El marco tectónico de esta región es único, ya que es el único ejemplo conocido de una colisión activa de arco-arco consumiendo una cuenca oceánica mediante la subducción en dos direcciones, entre las microplacas Halmahera y Sangihe.​ Hacia el sureste se encuentra la falla de Sorong, una larga falla lateral que corre de este a oeste en la región que separa la placa Cabeza de Pájaro y la placa Halmahera.
Sismos fuertes golpean esta zona con frecuencia y pueden a veces causar tsunamis.​
Unión de Rugby de Mar del Plata

La Unión de Rugby de Mar del Plata es la unión encargada de la organización del rugby en algunas ciudades costeras de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y cercanías, pero especialmente de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, Argentina. Los mejores clubes de la unión participan del Torneo Regional Pampeano, y su selección, en el Campeonato Argentino de Rugby.
El 13 de julio de 1944 fue fundado el Mar del Plata Rugby Club, piedra fundacional del rugby en la ciudad.Las prácticas que comenzaron haciéndose en las playas, luego se desarrollaron en terrenos del campo municipal de deportes. Durante la Semana de la Primavera de 1945 se recibe la visita de los clubes CUBA y Pucará de la Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires.
Siendo que el rugby marplatense no contaba con clubes para competir más que el Mar del Plata Rugby Club, se realizaban solo partidos amistosos con clubes como: Independiente de Tandil, Ita-Caru y Duperial. El 25 de mayo de 1949 juegan las primeras divisiones de Pucará y Obras Sanitarias de Buenos Aires, cono preliminar del partido entre Mar del Plata y Curupaytí. Mientras tanto y a partir de 1949, en la ciudad se estaba gestando la implantación del rugby en los colegios Nacional, Comercial e Industrial de Mar del Plata lo que daría impulso vital a la obra de sus iniciadores.
En el año 1950 se juega el primer campeonato marplatense de rugby del que participan Mar del Plata rugby Club – el ganador -, nacional, Comercial e Industrial. A comienzos de 1951 se incorpora el Biguá Rugby Club por iniciativa del profesor de Educación Física Jorge Alvear, profesor del Instituto Peralta Ramos, que al no poder formar un club dentro del colegio, interviene en su fundación, y en septiembre lo hacen el club General Pueyrredón (luego Pueyrredón R.C.) y Escuela de Artillería Antiaérea (luego Santa Bárbara) no logrando concretarse otras iniciativas similares (Obras Sanitarias de la Nación y Club Bancario).
Había llegado el momento de organizarse y el 27 de octubre de 1951 en las instalaciones del colegio nacional se funda la Unión de Rugby de Mar del Plata, y se decide que el distintivo que lo identifique sea un trébol de cuatro hojas con los colores rojo, verde, celeste y azul de los clubes fundadores: Mar del Plata, Comercial, Nacional, Industrial y Biguá. Diez años después, aparecería el primer gran fruto de esta proeza, el seleccionado de la URMDP, Los Tréboles gana el Campeonato Argentino de Rugby de 1961, siendo hasta la fecha la única vez que lo ha ganado. Actualmente participa de la Zona Ascenso A del mismo.
Los jugadores Facundo Bosch y Nahuel Tetaz Chaparro, formados en clubes de la Unión de Mar del Plata, han jugado en los Jaguares y los Pumas.
Encuentro Internacional de Escultura en Madera-Piedra-Hierro de Rosario

El Encuentro Internacional de Escultura en Madera-Piedra-Hierro de Rosario es un evento artístico anual, que se desarrolla desde 1993 en Rosario, provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina.
Es organizado por la Asociación de Escultores de Rosario.
El evento convoca a escultores de Argentina y a numerosos artistas extranjeros, y dura una semana. Se celebra al aire libre y delante de los ojos del público. Los artistas deben trabajar un tronco bloque de 180×50 cm, o una piedra irregular de 0,25 m³, o piezas de hierro, para crear una escultura.
Los trabajos en piedra y en metal se colocan en lugares públicos de la ciudad.
La duda (escultura)

La duda es una escultura neoclásica situada en la Plaza General San Martín, en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se encuentra a unos 20 metros de la vereda de la Avenida Santa Fe, donde ésta se interseca con la calle Maipú, a escasos pasos de donde se encuentra el monumento al prócer argentino.
Fue realizada en mármol de Carrara por el artista francés Louis Henri Cordier (1853-1925),​ hijo del escultor Charles Henri Joseph Cordier, y muestra a un joven creyente que se encuentra junto a su biblia abierta, mientras un anciano a su lado parece cuestionarlo.
La Municipalidad de Buenos Aires, en 1905, envió una comisión a Europa con el fin de comprar esculturas que sirvieran de ornamento a las plazas de la ciudad, que prácticamente carecían de ellas. Así fue como Manuel G. Güiraldes adquirió esta obra.
Fue emplazada en la Plaza San Martín entre 1905 y 1906; y a pesar de que algunos auguraban que no sería aceptada, pues pensaban que se le criticaría el hecho de que el tema de la obra es poner en duda los temas bíblicos, esto no ocurrió así y jamás provocó discusiones religiosas.
Se trata de un anciano y un joven que sentados sobre un promontorio rocoso meditan sobre lo que leen en una biblia abierta, que se encuentra recostada a la izquierda del joven. El anciano parece querer convencer con sus gestos al joven, que presenta un rostro pensativo. La inscripción "Le doute" se encuentra grabada sobre el promontorio.​
José Fioravanti

José Fioravanti (August 4, 1896 – October 10, 1977) was a prolific Argentine sculptor known for the many civic monuments he created.
Fioravanti was born in Buenos Aires in 1896. He developed a very early interest in sculpture, and learned the art in the city's numerous private ateliers. The self-taught sculptor first exhibited in 1912 at that year's National Salon, winning the First Prize in his category during the 1919 National Salon for his work, My Sister María.
His work during the next several years consisted mainly of Realist portrait busts created by casting, notably that of former President José Figueroa Alcorta for its placement over the latter's La Recoleta Cemetery crypt. He traveled in Europe from 1924 to 1927 and adopted the method of direct carving, without the use of maquettes. Fioravanti exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art, Madrid, and in the Luxembourg Museum, in Paris.
He then secured two solo exhibitions in Buenos Aires, including a 1928 Friend of the Arts event inaugurated by President Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, who commissioned Fioravanti to create decorative reliefs for the Casa Rosada's interiors. Fioravanti returned to Paris in 1929. He earned increasing renown in the French capital, and in 1934 was honored with a solo exhibition at the Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume.
Returning to Argentina in 1935, Fioravanti was appointed Professor at the College of Fine Arts. His portrait of his wife, painter Ludmilla Feodorovna (Woman with Book), earned him a gold medal at the 1936 National Salon. Establishing an atelier in seaside La Lucila del Mar, he created numerous landmark monuments in the ensuing years, including memorials in Buenos Aires to Presidents Nicolás Avellaneda and Roque Sáenz Peña (1935–36), Venezuelan General Simón Bolívar (1942), U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt, as well as two sea lion effigies guarding an esplanade in Mar del Plata (1941), a memorial in Montevideo to Uruguayan General Fructuoso Rivera (1965), and to General Manuel Savio, father of the Argentine steel industry, in Villa María, Córdoba (1969).
Another significant series of Fioravanti's work would adorn the National Flag Memorial, a landmark overlooking the Paraná River in the city of Rosario. The memorial, built between 1947 and 1957, would feature Fioravanti's monument to Manuel Belgrano and five allegorical sculptures; these were created in bronze and travertine. It would be the second significant collaboration with Alfredo Bigatti, who created the allegories representing the Four Freedoms for the Roosevelt memorial.
Fioravanti died in 1977, in Buenos Aires.
Ihosvany Hernández

Ihosvany Hernández Rivera (born (1972-08-06)6 August 1972), more commonly known as Ihosvany Hernández, is a Cuban former volleyball player and three-time Olympian. Hernández played with the Cuban men's national volleyball team at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, and the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He was the captain of the Cuban team at the Sydney Olympics. Standing at 2.06 meters (6'9") in height, he was a middle blocker.
Playing for the Cuban national team, Hernández won a gold medal at the 1989 FIVB World Cup in Japan, a silver medal at the 1990 FIVB World Championship in Brazil, a silver medal at the 1991 FIVB World Cup in Japan, and a bronze medal at the 1998 FIVB World Championship in Japan.
Hernández also helped the Cuban national team win gold medals at the 1991 Pan American Games in Havana and 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, and the bronze medal at the 1995 Pan American Games in Mar del Plata.
In 2001, Hernández was one of six players on the Cuban men's national volleyball team to leave a hotel they stayed at in Flanders for a tournament, and from there rode a train to Italy for political asylum. The other players were Leonel Marshall, Jorge Luis Hernández, Ángel Dennis, Yasser Romero, and Ramón Gato. Once they were granted asylum in Italy, this group was referred to as "the defectors".
Las Tunas (city)

Las Tunas is a city and municipality in central-eastern Cuba. It is the capital of the Las Tunas Province and was named Victoria de Las Tunas from 1869 to 1976.
The city of Las Tunas is located in along the Carretera Central (highway), between the cities of Camagüey, Holguín and Bayamo.
In 1943 the municipality was divided into the barrios of Primero, Segundo, Antonio Machado, Arenas, Caisimú, Cauto del Paso, Cuaba, Curana, Dumañuecos, Ojo de Agua, Oriente, Palmarito, Playuelas and San José de la Plata. The city is currently divided into the repartos (division under barrios) of Primero (city centre), Segundo, La Victoria, Aguilera, Santo Domingo, Pena, La Loma, Aurora, Velázquez, Sosa, Casa Piedra, Israel Santos, Buena Vista, Alturas de Buena Vista, Propulsión, Aeropuerto and Reparto Militar.
The city was founded in 1796 around the Parish of San Jerónimo. In 1853, after a Royal Decree, it received the title of "city". In 1976, following the suppression of the Oriente Province and its split up, Las Tunas became the capital of the new and eponymous province.
In 2022, the municipality of Las Tunas had a population of 214,939. With a total area of 891 km (344 sq mi), it has a population density of 240/km (620/sq mi).
Las Tunas has a tropical savannah climate (Aw) with hot daytime temperatures and mild to warm night time temperatures year round.
Las Tunas counts a railway station on the principal Havana–Santiago de Cuba line and on a secondary line to Manatí. A planned extension of the A1 motorway, that will span the entire island, will interest the City. The local airport is the Hermanos Ameijeiras, located in the northern suburb.
Known in Cuba as the "City of Sculpture" (due to the several artistic installations scattered throughout the city centre) Las Tunas is in the least visited province in Cuba. In spite of this, the city has two international hotels (Hotel Las Tunas and Hotel Cadillac) and 219 B&Bs
However, the local and the central government are both working in order to increase tourism in the province. In July 2015, within the framework of the Foreign Investment Law, the government is trying to attract foreign partners to build large hotel complexes in the still unspoilt Covarrubia beach.
The local baseball club is Las Tunas, nicknamed Leñadores (meaning “Lumberjacks”) and its home ground is the Julio Antonio Mella Stadium. The association football club is the FC Las Tunas, and its home ground is the Ovidio Torres Stadium.
Mar del Plata Cathedral

The Cathedral Basilica of SS Peter and Cecilia (Spanish: Basílica Catedral de los Santos Pedro y Cecilia) is a Roman Catholic church building in Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Built in Neogothic style, it is dedicated to St. Peter the Apostle and St. Cecilia.
Declared a minor basilica by Pius XI in 1924, upon the creation of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mar del Plata in 1957 it became its cathedral church.
Brandolini, Ana María (May 2016). La Catedral de Mar del Plata, Basílica de los santos Pedro y Cecilia. Mar del Plata. ISBN 978-987-42-0732-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (IN SPANISH)
List of tallest buildings by city

This list of tallest buildings by city ranks cities by the height of their tallest completed building. Tall buildings, such as skyscrapers, are intended here as enclosed structures with continuously habitable floors. This definition excludes non-building structures, such as observation towers, and radio towers.
A city's tallest building may become icons of their respective cities, such as The Shard in London, Willis Tower (formerly known as the Sears Tower) in Chicago, and the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur (which remained the tallest buildings in Kuala Lumpur until the completion of Merdeka 118). Over time, they may serve as notable tourist attractions and landmarks.
Currently, the five cities whose tallest building is among the tallest in the world are Dubai, Kuala Lumpur, Shanghai, Mecca, and Shenzhen. Most of the cities in the list constructed their tallest building in the 21st century, including all of the top ten.
The following list ranks cities by the height of their tallest completed or topped-out building. Only cities for which data is available and whose tallest building is above 100 meters (324 feet) are included. The height given is measured from the level of the lowest significant open-air pedestrian entrance to the structural or architectural top. Buildings on hold that would have been the tallest in their city are not included, while floors indicate the number of floors above ground.
Of the fifty highest ranked cities, four-fifths of them are in Asia, and over half are in China.
Floralis Genérica

Floralis Genérica is a sculpture made of steel and aluminum located in Plaza de las Naciones Unidas, Avenida Figueroa Alcorta, Buenos Aires, a gift to the city by the Argentine architect Eduardo Catalano. Catalano once said that the flower "is a synthesis of all the flowers and, at the same time, a hope reborn every day at opening." It was created in 2002. The sculpture was designed to move, closing its petals in the evening and opening them in the morning.
The sculpture is located in the center of a park of four acres of wooded boundaries, surrounded by paths that get closer and provide different perspectives of the monument, and placed above a reflecting pool, which apart from fulfilling its aesthetic function, protects it. It represents a large flower made of stainless steel with aluminum skeleton and reinforced concrete, which looks up at the sky, extending to its six petals. It weighs eighteen tons and is 23 m (75 ft) high.
One of the characteristics of the flower is an electrical system that automatically opens and closes the petals depending on the time of the day. At night the flower closes, emanating a red glow from inside, and reopens ("...is reborn...") the following morning. This mechanism also closes the flower if strong winds blow.
It opens every morning at 8 and closes at sunset, on a schedule that changes according to the season. When its petals were inaugurated, they didn't close due to technical problems which were solved two months later.
There are four special nights in which the petals are open: May 25, September 21, December 24 and December 31.
According to Eduardo Catalano, the author, Floralis "means belonging to the flora and therefore the flowers", and Genérica "from the concept of "gender" and indicates that it represents all the flowers in the world".
The electronics employed in opening and closing the flower were disabled in 2010 to prevent damaging the sculpture, and it remained permanently open until 2015. This was due to the fact that one of the petals was incorrectly installed during its assembly, as noted by Catalano himself. The company responsible for its construction, Lockheed Martin Aircraft Argentina, provided a 25-year warranty, but as the company was nationalized in 2009 its repair was delayed. The mechanism was functional again by June 2015.
In the early hours of December 17, 2023, parts of the sculpture (including two main petals) fell due to a strong storm.
34°34′54″S 58°23′38″W﻿ / ﻿34.58167°S 58.39389°W﻿ / -34.58167; -58.39389
Coláiste na hOllscoile, Corcaigh

Comhollscoil d'Ollscoil na hÉireann is ea Coláiste na hOllscoile, Corcaigh - Ollscoil na hÉireann, Corcaigh (as Béarla, University College Cork nó UCC; tugtar Coláiste na hOllscoile Corcaigh nó COC uirthi go coitianta) atá suite i gCorcaigh na hÉireann.
Bunaíodh an ollscoil sa 1840í faoin ainm Ollscoil na Banríona, Corcaigh, le dhá choláiste banríona eile; i mBéal Feirste agus i nGaillimh. Athraíodh an t-ainm go dtí Coláiste na hOllscoile, Corcaigh tar éis Acht na hOllscoile Éireannaí, 1908. Athraíodh an t-ainm arís go dtí an t-ainm reatha tar éis Acht na nOllscoileanna, 1997.
Freastalaíonn thart ar 14,500 mac léinn uirthi, le 12,000 mac léinn cláraithe ar chúrsaí céime agus 2,500 cláraithe mar iarchéimithe. Tá 3,000 míle duine fostaithe ag an Ollscoil.
Is iad seo a leanas dámha na hOllscoile: na hEalaíona agus Staidéir Cheilteacha, an Tráchtáil, an Innealtóireacht, Eolaíocht agus Teicneolaíocht an Bhia, An Dlí, An Leigheas agus an tSláinte, agus An Eolaíocht.
Ainmníodh an ollscoil mar an Sunday Times Ollscoil is fearr in Éirinn don bhliain 2003-2003, gradam a bhuaigh an choláiste arís i 2005-2006.
I measc na bpolaiteoirí a d’fhreastail ar an ollscoil tá: Mícheál Ó Mártín, Seán Ó Loingsigh, Michael O’Leary, Eoghan Harris, Barry Desmond agus André Ventura.
I measc na n-iriseoirí a d'fhreastail ar an ollscoil tá : Ian Bailey, Liam Ó Muirthile agus Brendan O'Connor Is file é John Mee a d'fhreastail ar an Ollscoil i rith na hochtóidí.
Corcaigh Thoir (Dáilcheantar)

Is Dáilcheantar 4 suíochán é Corcaigh Thoir.
Olltoghchán 2016
San Olltoghchán 2016, toghadh mar Theachtaí Dála David Stanton (Fine Gael), Seán Sherlock (Páirtí an Lucht Oibre), Pat Buckley (Sinn Féin), Kevin O'Keeffe (Fianna Fáil)
Olltoghchán 2020
San Olltoghchán 2020, toghadh mar Theachtaí Dála David Stanton (Fine Gael), Seán Sherlock (Páirtí an Lucht Oibre), Pat Buckley (Sinn Féin), James O'Connor (Fianna Fáil). Bhí Buckley, arb as Mainistir na Corann dó, ar bharr an chomhairimh in 2020 le 12,587 vóta. Cosúil le James O’ Connor (FF) tá a cheantar tacaíochta i ndeisceart an dáilcheantair.
Olltoghchán 2024
San Olltoghchán 2024, bhí dhá athrú mór déanta ar an toghcheantar seo, thart ar 9,000 vóta aistrithe isteach i gCorcaigh Thuaidh Lár agus thart ar 3,500 vóta curtha isteach i gCorcaigh Thiar-Thuaidh. Bhí ochtar déag iarrthóirí san iomaíocht do na ceithre shuíochán, ina measc na Teachtaí Dála James O’ Connor (FF) agus Pat Buckley (SF).
Sa deireadh thiar thall, toghadh in 2024 Noel McCarthy (FG) agus Liam Quaide (SD) agus atoghadh Pat Buckley (Sinn Féin) agus James O'Connor (Fianna Fáil).
Corcaigh Thuaidh-Lár (Dáilcheantar)

Is Dáilcheantar 5 suíochán é Corcaigh Thuaidh-Lár (5 suíochán ó 2024).
Olltoghchán 2016
San Olltoghchán 2016, toghadh mar Theachtaí Dála Dara Murphy (Fine Gael), Jonathan O'Brien (Sinn Féin), Mick Barry (Dlúthphartíocht–Pobal Roimh Bhrabús), agus Billy Kelleher (Fianna Fáil). Bhíodh suíochán sa dáilcheantar seo ag Kathleen Lynch (LO) ach chaill sí in 2016.
Olltoghchán 2020
San Olltoghchán 2020, toghadh mar Theachtaí Dála Colm Burke (FG), Thomas Gould (SF), Mick Barry (Dlúthphartíocht–Pobal Roimh Bhrabús), agus Pádraig O'Sullivan (FF). Toghadh Gould (SF) in 2020 ar an gcéad chomhaireamh le 14,286 vóta agus 3,455 vóta le spáráil. Fuair Mick Barry (SP) 1,459 acu, rud a chuir chun cinn ar Kenneth Flynn (Ind Ire) é. Bhí Mick Barry ag brath ar go leor vótaí aistrithe ó fharasbarr Gould (SF) agus ón gComhaontas Glas in 2020,
Olltoghchán 2024 San Olltoghchán 2024, bhí suíochán breise le líonadh sa toghcheantar de bharr Mala agus an ceantar thart air a bheith tógtha ó Chorcaigh Thoir agus curtha leis an dáilcheantar seo. Bhí 21 iarrthóir ainmnithe le dul san iomaíocht do na cúig shuíochán a bhí le líonadh. I measc na n-iarrthóirí bhí na Teachtaí Dála a toghadh in 2020: Thomas Gould (SF); Pádraig O’Sullivan (FF); Colm Burke (FG) agus Mick Barry (SP). Le suíochán breise le líonadh bhí Fianna Fáil ag iarraidh an dara suíochán a fháil, mar a bhí Fine Gael. Cé go bhfuil Fianna Fáil níos láidre sa chathair ná mar atá Fine Gael de ghnáth, nuair a chuirtear Mala san áireamh is a mhalairt atá fíor.
Sa deireadh thiar thall, toghadh in 2024 Eoghan Kenny (LO) agus Ken O'Flynn (II), agus atoghadh Colm Burke (FG), Thomas Gould (SF) agus Pádraig O'Sullivan (FF). Is é Eoghan Kenny (24) an TD is óige sa 34ú Dáil.
Corcaigh Theas-Lár (Dáilcheantar)

Is Dáilcheantar 4 suíochán é Corcaigh Theas-Lár (5 suíochán ó 2020).
Bhí an dáilcheantar an dáilcheantar thar a bheith iomaíoch sna 2020idí ina raibh Simon Coveney, iar-aire FG, an tAire Airgeadais Micheal McGrath (FF) agus an Tánaiste agus Aire Gnóthaí Eachtracha, Micheál Martin (FF) chomh maith le Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire (SF).
Olltoghchán 2016
San Olltoghchán 2016, toghadh mar Theachtaí Dála Simon Coveney (Fine Gael), Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire (Sinn Féin), Mícheál Ó Máirtín (Fianna Fáil), agus Michael McGrath (Fianna Fáil). Chaill Jerry Buttimer (FG) a shuíochán in 2016.
Olltoghchán 2020
San Olltoghchán 2020, toghadh mar Theachtaí Dála Simon Coveney (Fine Gael), Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire (Sinn Féin), Mícheál Ó Máirtín (Fianna Fáil), agus Michael McGrath (Fianna Fáil). Bhí Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire (SF) ar bharr an chomhairimh in 2020 le 14,057 vóta, 2,628 vóta thar an gcuóta. Cainteoir maith Gaeilge é agus é ina urlabhraí ar chúrsaí oideachais ag a pháirtí.
Idir an dá Mhicheál d’éirigh le Fianna Fáil 35.5% den vóta céadrogha a fháil in 2020.
Olltoghchán 2024
Roimh Olltoghchán 2024 sheas Simon Coveney síos, agus ceapadh McGrath mar An Coimisinéir um Dhaonlathas, Cheartas agus Riail an Dlí. San Olltoghchán 2024, bhí suíochán breise le líonadh sa toghcheantar de bharr ceantar taobh ó dheas den abhainn, thart ar Bhaile an Easpaig, a bheith aistrithe isteach sa dáilcheantar ó Chorcaigh Thuaidh-Lár.
Sheas 22 iarrthóir in 2024, ina measc beirt de na Teachtaí Dála a toghadh in 2020, An Tánaiste Micheál Martin (FF) agus agus Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire (SF).
Sa deireadh thiar thall, toghadh in 2024 Séamus McGrath (FF), Jerry Buttimer (FG) agus Pádraig Rice (SD) agus atoghadh Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire (SF) agus Mícheál Ó Máirtín (FF).
Angstloch

An Angstloch (German: [ˈaŋstˌlɔx] , apparently "fear hole", but more probably from the Lat. angustus "narrow" and German Loch "hole") was a small hole in the floor of medieval castles and fortresses that led to a cellar or basement room below. The term is German and has no English equivalent, although a door, where there is one, to such a hole is called a trapdoor (German: Falltür).
An Angstloch is usually located above the basement of a fighting tower or Bergfried. The description of these basement rooms as "dungeons" stems from the romanticised castle studies of the 19th century. There is no evidence to indicate that prisoners were actually lowered through the Angstloch into the dungeon using a rope or rope ladder as these 19th century accounts suggest. Archaeological finds, by contrast, indicate the use of these basement spaces as store rooms. For example, piles of stones have been found in such rooms that suggest they were used as a store for projectiles to be used in time of siege.
Blackrock Castle

Blackrock Castle is a castellated fortification located at Blackrock, about 2 km from Cork city centre on the banks of the River Lee in Ireland. Originally developed as a coastal defence fortification in the 16th century to protect upper Cork Harbour and port, the site now houses an observatory, visitor centre and restaurant.
In the late 16th century, the citizens of Cork appealed to Queen Elizabeth I to construct a fort at Blackrock to "repel pirates and other invaders". In 1582 a fortification was built on the site, and later around 1600, a round tower was constructed to safeguard against pirates "carrying away" vessels entering the harbour. The earliest elements of this structure remaining today are a circular tower on the water's edge, 10.5m in diameter, with walls 2.2m thick.
Blackrock Castle was in the ownership of the City of Cork following a charter of James I to the city in 1608. The castle is later referred to in the Council Book of Cork in 1613 and 1614. In 1722 the old four-storey tower was destroyed by fire and new one built by the citizens, costing £296.
Throughout this period, the castle was used by Cork Corporation for banquets and "convivial gatherings" - some associated with the custom of "throwing the dart". This custom, dating to at least the 18th century, was held every three years in August, and involved a dart (an arrow about four feet long) being thrown by the Mayor from a boat, to indicate the Corporation's jurisdiction over the harbour.
Following a banquet, the castle was destroyed by fire in 1827. The rebuilding began at the direction of Mayor Thomas Dunscombe in 1828 and was completed in March 1829. The architects added three additional storeys to the original tower and rebuilt the out-buildings. The new building cost the City of Cork £1,000. The architects were George Richard Pain and James Pain, who were responsible for other public buildings around Cork at the time. The neo-gothic complex of buildings around a courtyard is essentially what remains today.
The castle entered private hands and for a time in the 20th century was used as a private residence, offices, rowing club headquarters, and restaurant. The building was reacquired by Cork Corporation in 2001, and work commenced on renovating and re-purposing the complex as an observatory and museum.
In the early-2000s, Blackrock Castle was redeveloped under a joint venture between Cork City Council, Cork Institute of Technology and a private benefactor.
Opened in 2007, the "Cosmos at the Castle" project was intended to create a "centre for scientific research, outreach and communication". The castle's observatory houses an interactive astronomy center which is open to the public, and has exhibits including a "tour of the universe" and a radio telescope that beams messages composed by school groups towards nearby stars.
The castle also houses labs staffed by astronomical researchers from Cork Institute of Technology.
Blarney Castle

Blarney Castle (Irish: Caisleán na Blarnan) is a medieval stronghold in Blarney, a town in Cork, Ireland. Though earlier fortifications were built on the same spot, the current keep was built by the MacCarthy of Muskerry dynasty, a cadet branch of the Kings of Desmond, and dates from 1446. The Blarney Stone is among the machicolations of the castle.
The castle originally dates from before 1200, when a timber house was believed to have been built on the site, although no evidence remains of this. Around 1210 this was replaced by a stone fortification. It was destroyed in 1446 but subsequently rebuilt by Cormac Láidir MacCarthy, Lord of Muscry, who also built castles at Kilcrea and Carrignamuck.
The castle was besieged during the Irish Confederate Wars and was seized in 1646 by Parliamentarian forces under Lord Broghill. However, after the Restoration, the castle was restored to Donough MacCarty, who was made 1st Earl of Clancarty.
During the Williamite War in Ireland in the 1690s, the 4th Earl of Clancarty (also named Donough MacCarty) was captured, and his lands (including Blarney Castle) were confiscated by the Williamites.
The castle was sold and changed hands several times — Sir Richard Pyne, the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, owned it briefly — before being purchased in the early 18th century by Sir James Jeffreys, governor of Cork City.
Members of the Jefferyes family later built a large house near the 15th-century keep. This house was destroyed by fire, and in 1874 a replacement mansion, known as Blarney House, was built overlooking the nearby lake. The house was built in a Scottish baronial style by John Lanyon of Lanyon, Lynn and Lanyon architects.
In the mid-19th century, the Jefferyes and Colthurst families were joined by marriage, and the Colthurst family still occupies the demesne. In May 2008, the present estate owner, Sir Charles St John Colthurst, Baronet, succeeded in a court action to eject a man who had lived on his land for 44 years. The man's great-grandfather had been the first to occupy the estate cottage.
Blarney Castle is now a partial ruin with some accessible rooms and battlements. At the top of the castle lies the Stone of Eloquence, better known as the Blarney Stone. Tourists visiting the castle may hang upside-down over a sheer drop to kiss the stone, which is said to give the gift of eloquence. There are many versions of the origin of the stone, including a claim that it was the Lia Fáil — a numinous stone upon which Irish kings were crowned.
Surrounding the castle are extensive gardens. There are paths touring the grounds, with signs pointing out the various attractions such as several natural rock formations with fanciful names such as Druid's Circle, Witch's Cave and the Wishing Steps. The grounds include a poison garden with numerous poisonous plants, including wolfsbane, mandrake, ricinus, opium poppies and cannabis. Blarney House is also open to the public.
Outline of the Middle Ages

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Middle Ages:
Middle Ages – periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern.
Middle Ages
Middle Ages in history
Medievalist
Medieval chronological timeline
Wilderness at the Smokies

Wilderness at the Smokies is a resort located on Wilderness Territories property in Sevierville, Tennessee. It opened in 2008 as part of the new Bridgemont development, which, along with the resort itself, now includes shopping, dining, and conference facilities.
Development of the site included a hotel and outdoor waterpark. The second area opened in December 2008 and offers a condominium resort and indoor waterpark (titled the 'Wild WaterDome', which is one of the largest indoor waterparks in Tennessee). The third area added was the 'Lake Wilderness' outdoor waterpark and became available in May 2009.
In May, 2010, Wilderness Rafting and Catalooche Creek Adventure Golf, at Lake Wilderness, were added.
In December 2023, the addition of a 'water coaster' (developed by WhiteWater West) and lazy river was made within the indoor waterpark. In March 2024, the resort added a rooftop lounge featuring a pool outlooking the general vicinity as well as a bar and cafeteria.
In June 2020, Soaky Mountain Waterpark "softly opened" across from the Wilderness resort. Soaky Mountain Waterpark and Wilderness at the Smokies are both owned by the same parent company, Wisconsin-based Wilderness Resorts and Waterparks. Guests staying at the resort receive free admission or can purchase heavily discounted tickets to Soaky Mountain depending on the visit date and the current promotion.
River Lodge A condominium resort with multi-room suites, the hotel is connected to the Lake Wilderness outdoor waterpark and Wild WaterDome indoor water park.
Stone Hill Lodge The hotel is connected to the Salamander Springs outdoor waterpark and the Sevierville events center. The Stone Hill Lodge has meeting spaces and four-person standard rooms.
Sant'Agostino, Lucca

Sant'Agostino is a Gothic-style, Roman Catholic church located in the piazza of the same name in central Lucca, Tuscany, Italy.
The church was rebuilt in the 14th-century adjacent to an Augustinian monastery, on the site of a prior church called San Salvatore in Mura. Remains of the former church, and an ancient Roman theater are visible in the base of the bell-tower.
A legend attached to the church is that a man once tossed a stone against the icon of the Madonna and fell through a trapdoor into a tunnel that led to the infernos of Hell. The trapdoor is now sealed.
The interior was refurbished in 1664, with a single nave and three apse chapels. On the lateral walls, are frescoes of the Risen Christ pointing to an image of the Madonna with Saints Peter, Augustine, Andrew, Francis, and Nicola da Tolentino by Giacinto Gemignani. In the chapel on right, is an icon of the Madonna del Sasso.
43°50′44″N 10°30′08″E﻿ / ﻿43.8455°N 10.5021°E﻿ / 43.8455; 10.5021
Middle Irish

Middle Irish, also called Middle Gaelic (Irish: An Mheán-Ghaeilge, Scottish Gaelic: Meadhan-Ghàidhlig), is the Goidelic language which was spoken in Ireland, most of Scotland and the Isle of Man from c. 900–1200 AD; it is therefore a contemporary of Late Old English and Early Middle English. The modern Goidelic languages—Modern Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx Gaelic—are all descendants of Middle Irish.
Middle Irish is a fusional, VSO, nominative-accusative language, and makes frequent use of lenition.
Nouns decline for two genders: masculine and feminine, though traces of neuter declension persist; three numbers: singular, dual, plural; and five cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, prepositional, vocative. Adjectives agree with nouns in gender, number, and case.
Verbs conjugate for three tenses: past, present, future; four moods: indicative, subjunctive, conditional, imperative; independent and dependent forms. Verbs conjugate for three persons and an impersonal, agentless form (agent). There are a number of preverbal particles marking the negative, interrogative, subjunctive, relative clauses, etc.
Prepositions inflect for person and number. Different prepositions govern different cases, depending on intended semantics.
The following is an untitled poem in Middle Irish about Eógan Bél, King of Connacht.
Red Abbey, Cork

The Red Abbey in Cork, Ireland was a 14th-century Augustinian abbey which took its name from the reddish sandstone used in construction. Today all that remains of the structure is the central bell tower of the abbey church, which is one of the last remaining visible structures dating to the medieval walled town of Cork.
The Red Abbey was built in Cork in either the late 13th or early 14th centuries, though it was definitely in existence sometime before 1306. It was founded by a member of the De Courcey family. Despite being dissolved in 1541, it was occupied by the friars until at least the rebellion of 1641, and possibly as late as 1700.
The abbey tower was used by John Churchill (later the Duke of Marlborough) as a vantage point and battery during the Siege of Cork in 1690. The siege sought to suppress an uprising in the city and its association with the expelled Catholic King of England, James II.
In the eighteenth century, the Augustinian friars established a new friary in Fishamble Lane, and the Red Abbey was turned over to use as a sugar refinery. However, a fire in the refinery destroyed much of the abbey's structure in 1799.
The remains of the monastery were excavated in 1977. Fragmented human bones, pottery spanning from medieval up to the 19th century was uncovered, along with approximately 300 pieces of lead shot. All that remains today of the structure is the bell tower of the abbey's church. The tower is designated as a national monument and maintained by Cork City Council.
51°53′38″N 8°28′20″W﻿ / ﻿51.89401°N 8.47234°W﻿ / 51.89401; -8.47234
Shandon, Cork

Shandon (Irish: An Seandún meaning "the old fort") is a district on the north-side of Cork city. Shandon lies north of the River Lee and North Gate Bridge, the northernmost point of the medieval city. Several landmarks of Cork's north-side are located in the area, including the bell tower of the Church of St Anne, the Cathedral of St Mary and St Anne, Saint Mary’s Dominican Church & Priory, and Firkin Crane Arts Centre.
Shandon is referred to in the song "The Bells of Shandon", which was written by Francis Sylvester Mahony under the pen name of "Father Prout". Shandon Street is a principal street in the area, and was originally called Mallow Lane. Shandon is part of the Dáil constituency of Cork North-Central.
Shandon was one of a number of settlements in and around ancient Cork, and takes its name from an old fort (sean dún) in the area. A medieval church dedicated to St. Mary was built close to the site of the fort, and referred to in 12th century texts as 'St. Mary of the Mountain'. A later castle, built on or close to the site of the more ancient fort, became the official residence of the President of Munster from the 16th century. This castle (Shandon Castle) and the original church of St. Mary (St. Mary of the Mountain) were both destroyed during the Siege of Cork in the late 17th century.
The eponymous Shandon Street, originally known as Mallow Lane, was established by the Anglo-Normans as a way to give access to North Gate drawbridge.
Shandon Street Festival is an annual event which takes place during the summer.
As of the 2016 census, the Shandon area (including Shandon A and Shandon B electoral divisions) included 3144 residents. Of these, 50% were Catholic, 16% were other religions, 26% had no religion, and 8% had not stated a religion.
Religious buildings in the area include the Cathedral of St Mary and St Anne (the Catholic cathedral and mother church of the Diocese of Cork and Ross, known locally as the "North Cathedral"), the Church of St Anne (a Church of Ireland church known as "St Anne's, Shandon"), and Saint Mary's Dominican Church (a Catholic church of the Order of Preachers on Popes Quay).
Other landmarks in the area include the Firkin Crane (a theatre and dance venue), Cork Butter Museum, the Shandon Craft Centre, and Skiddy's Almshouse.
Curtain wall (fortification)

A curtain wall is a defensive wall between fortified towers or bastions of a castle, fortress, or town.
Evidence for curtain walls or a series of walls surrounding a town or fortress can be found in the historical sources from Assyria and Egypt. Some notable examples are ancient Tel Lachish in Israel and Buhen in Egypt. Curtain walls were built across Europe during the Roman Empire; the early 5th century Theodosian Walls of Constantinople influenced the builders of medieval castles many centuries later.
In medieval castles, the area surrounded by a curtain wall, with or without towers, is known as the bailey. The outermost walls with their integrated bastions and wall towers together make up the enceinte or main defensive line enclosing the site.
In medieval designs of castle and town, the curtain walls were often built to a considerable height and were fronted by a ditch or moat to make assault difficult. Walls were topped with battlements which consisted of a parapet, which was generally crenellated with merlons to protect the defenders and lower crenels or embrasures which allowed them to shoot from behind cover; merlons were sometimes pierced by loopholes or arrowslits for better protection. Behind the parapet was a wall walk from which the defenders could fight or move from one part of the castle to another. Larger curtain walls were provided with mural passages or galleries built into the thickness of the walls and provided with arrowslits. If an enemy reached the foot of the wall, they became difficult to see or shoot at directly, so some walls were fitted with a projecting wooden platform called a hoarding or brattice. Stone machicolations performed a similar function.
The introduction of gunpowder made tall castle walls vulnerable to fire from heavy cannon, which prompted the trace italienne style from the 16th century. In these fortifications, the height of the curtain walls was reduced, and beyond the ditch, additional outworks such as ravelins and tenailles were added to protect the curtain walls from direct cannonading.
Irish Examiner

The Irish Examiner, formerly The Cork Examiner and then The Examiner, is an Irish national daily newspaper which primarily circulates in the Munster region surrounding its base in Cork, though it is available throughout the country.
The paper was founded by John Francis Maguire under the title The Cork Examiner in 1841 in support of the Catholic Emancipation and tenant rights work of Daniel O'Connell. Historical copies of The Cork Examiner, dating back to 1841, are available to search and view in digitised form at the Irish Newspaper Archives website and British Newspaper Archive.
During the Irish War of Independence and Irish Civil War, the Cork Examiner (along with other nationalist newspapers) was subject to censorship and suppression.
At the time of the Spanish Civil War, the Cork Examiner reportedly took a strongly pro-Franco tone in its coverage of the conflict. As of the early to mid-20th century, the newspaper reportedly catered to a "socially-conservative reader base" and reflected a "conservative nationalist agenda".
Published as The Cork Examiner from 1841 until 1996, the newspaper was renamed The Examiner in 1996. Since 2000 it has been published as The Irish Examiner, to appeal to a wider national readership.
The newspaper, along with 'sister paper' the Evening Echo, was part of the Thomas Crosbie Holdings group. Thomas Crosbie Holdings went into receivership in March 2013. The newspaper was acquired by Landmark Media Investments.
As of 2004, its chief executive was Thomas J. Murphy, and its editor was Tim Vaughan. Vaughan left the group in August 2016.
The newspaper was based at Academy Street, Cork for over a century, before moving to new offices at Lapp's Quay, Cork in early November 2006, and subsequently to editorial offices at Blackpool, Cork, with a sales office in Oliver Plunkett Street.
In February 2017, it was reported that Landmark Media Investments had appointed KPMG to advise on a range of options, including an Independent News and Media link with the Irish Examiner.
In March 2017, it was reported that The Irish Times might bid for the Irish Examiner, and by April 2017 both The Irish Times and INM had entered a sales process and signed non-disclosure agreements.
In May 2017, it was reported that Sunrise Media and The Irish Times were exploring an acquisition, and a sale was agreed to The Irish Times in December 2017, pending regulatory approval. The sale to The Irish Times was completed in July 2018.
As of 2021, its editorial policy has been described as centrist or conservative; the Eurotopics website described the political orientation of the Irish Examiner as liberal.
Average print circulation was approximately 57,000 copies per issue in 1990, had risen to 62,000 by 1999, had decreased to 50,000 by 2009, and was approximately 28,000 by 2017. Reflecting a changing trend in newspaper sales, the Examiner markets to advertisers on the basis of its print and online audience, stating in 2017 that "236,000 people read the Irish Examiner in print or online every day".
The Irish Examiner exited ABC circulation audits in 2020.
Properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage by county (Pickens–Winston)

This is a list of properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage, sorted alphabetically by county. This list contains all entries for Pickens County through Winston County, the other listings may be found here. The Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage is an official listing of buildings, sites, structures, objects, and districts deemed worthy of preservation in the U.S. state of Alabama.
These properties, which may be of national, state, and local significance, are designated by the Alabama Historical Commission, under the authority of the Alabama Legislature. General criteria for inclusion in the Alabama Register includes that the property is at least 40 years old; is associated with events of state or local significance; is associated with the lives of persons of state or local significance; is representative of a type, style, or period of architecture; or is associated with Alabama's history or prehistory. It must also possess integrity of location and construction and convey a feeling for the time and place of construction.
The Alabama Register occasionally includes properties that do not meet the general criteria for inclusion, such as moved or reconstructed structures. These properties are included when they have been sensitively relocated to a site similar to the original, closely match the construction of the original significant building, or are of exceptional importance to the state.
There are approximately 1,711 properties and districts listed on the Alabama Register. Of these, approximately 243 are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and 6 are designated as National Historic Landmarks (NHL).
List of National Historic Landmarks in California

This is a complete List of National Historic Landmarks in California. The United States National Historic Landmark (NHL) program is operated under the auspices of the National Park Service, and recognizes structures, districts, objects, and similar resources nationwide according to a list of criteria of national significance. The listings in the state of California express the diversity of California's heritage, including pre-Columbian peoples, the Spanish and Mexican periods, maritime activity, space exploration, and many other themes.
The table below lists all 150 sites, along with added detail and description. The sites are distributed across 36 of California's 58 counties.
One site, Yuma Crossing and Associated Sites, is shared with Arizona and is listed by the National Park Service in that state. Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge is shared with Oregon but credited to California.
In addition, there are four sites that were once National Historic Landmarks in California but are not currently.
Hadrosaurus Foulkii Leidy Site

The Hadrosaurus foulkii Leidy Site is a historic paleontological site in Haddonfield, Camden County, New Jersey. Now set in state-owned parkland, it is where the first relatively complete set of dinosaur bones were discovered in 1838, and then fully excavated by William Parker Foulke in 1858. The dinosaur was later named Hadrosaurus foulkii by Joseph Leidy. The site, designated a National Historic Landmark in 1994, is now a small park known as "Hadrosaurus Park" and is accessed at the eastern end of Maple Avenue in northern Haddonfield.
William Parker Foulke, an attorney and amateur paleontologist affiliated with Philadelphia's Academy of Natural Sciences, was vacationing in Haddonfield in 1858, when he was alerted to the discovery in 1838 of large bones on the farm of Joseph Hopkins. Hopkins and farm workers had been quarrying marl when they uncovered bones resembling vertebrae. Foulke proceeded to direct a careful excavation in the area surrounding Hopkins' marl pit, turning the finds over to Dr. Joseph Leidy for analysis. Foulke unearthed 35 of an estimated 80 bones from the Hadrosaurus, which is believed to have been herbivorous, 7 meters in length, and weigh 2.5 tons. It lived during the Cretaceous period, 73 million years ago. Leidy published an analysis in 1865, and oversaw the creation of a reconstructed skeleton of the creature found in 1868. This reconstruction, put on public display at the Academy, brought the find a wider public audience.
The site lingered in obscurity until 1984 when a local Boy Scout from Troop 65, Christopher Brees, as part of an Eagle Scout project researched the site and generated publicity, eventually leading to the species being designated the official dinosaur of New Jersey.