davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Heineken Brasil

Heineken Brasil, é uma empresa brasileira de bebidas fabricante de cerveja, refrigerantes, energéticos e água mineral, sendo controlada pela cervejaria holandesa de nome homônimo. É proprietária das marcas Kaiser, Schin, Glacial, Cintra, Baden Baden, Devassa, Eisenbahn e Amstel.
Fundada em 2010, a empresa ampliou suas operações em 2017 com a aquisição das operações da Kirin Company no pais. É a segunda maior cervejaria do Brasil com 15 indústrias, 29 centros centros de distribuição e uma indústria de concentrados para refrigerantes em Manaus.
A Heineken chegou ao Brasil em 1990, através da parceria com a Kaiser, quando a cervejaria brasileira firmou um contrato de licenciamento de produção e distribuição com a supervisão da Heineken de Amsterdã.
Em 2010 a Heineken compra a Femsa, fabricante da marca Kaiser, o que possibilitou estender sua presença no mercado brasileiro, com a utilização do sistema Coca-Cola no país. O valor esteve avaliada em 3,8 bilhões de euros, cerca de US$ 5,5 bilhões dólares. Se contabilizadas dívidas e pensões, o valor da operação vai a 5,3 bilhões de euros, aproximadamente US$ 7,6 bilhões.
Em fevereiro de 2017 a cervejaria Heineken anunciou um acordo com a Kirin Company para a compra da sua subsidiária brasileira, a Brasil Kirin.
O valor do acordo e de 664 milhões de euros (equivalente a 704 milhões de dólares estadunidenses ou 2,2 bilhões de reais). Segundo analista a expectativa que o acordo seja concluído ainda no primeiro semestre de 2017.
Em maio de 2017, o CADE aprovou a venda da Brasil Kirin para Heineken, com isso esta última tornou-se a segunda maior cervejaria brasileira.
Em 2020, a Heineken Brasil investiu 865 milhões de reais na ampliação da planta de Ponta Grossa. Com a desistência de construir uma nova unidade industrial em Minas Gerais, o grupo anunciou no final de 2021 a ampliação da capacidade de produção da unidade de Ponta Grossa.
A Heineken Brasil possui em sua linha de produtos:
Em 2021, a Heineken Brasil desistiu de construir uma fábrica em Pedro Leopoldo, na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, em Minas Gerais. O projeto estimado em 1,8 bilhão de reais, foi barrado pelo Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). A planta industrial estaria localizada próximo da caverna Lapa Vermelha IV, local que integra o sitio arqueológico da Área de Proteção Ambiental Carste de Lagoa Santa, região onde foi encontrado o crânio da ancestral Luzia, um dos fósseis mais antigo do continente americano. Essa área compreende ainda os lençóis freáticos de onde teria a água captada, podendo gerar impactos nos complexos de grutas e cavernas, que segundo o parecer do instituto, correria o risco de haver soterramento.
Línguas japurá-colômbia

As línguas japurá-colômbia são um grupo de línguas aruaques faladas na Colômbia, no Brasil, no Peru, e na Venezuela.
As 13 línguas japurá-colômbia são:
(† = língua extinta)
Classificação interna das línguas japurá-colômbia (Ramirez 2019):
(† = língua extinta)
Classificação interna (Jolkesky 2016):
(† = língua extinta)
Comparação lexical das línguas japurá-colômbia (Ramirez 2019: 9):
Comparação lexical das línguas japurá-colômbia (Ramirez 2019: 502-515):
Reconstrução do Proto-Japurá-Colômbia (Ramirez 2019):
O Proto-Japurá-Colômbia tem 21 fonemas:
Exemplos:
Ordem das palavras: Sujeito-Verbo-Objeto (com um verbo) e ADJ-S (com um adjetivo).
Illicium verum

Illicium verum popularmente como anis-estrelado, anis-da-china, anis-da-sibéria, badiana ou funcho-da-china é uma planta originária da China e do Vietnã. É considerado uma especiaria de uso medicinal e culinário. Possui um aroma idêntico ao do anis pois contém o mesmo óleo, embora seja mais forte.
Há outra espécie próxima, originada do Japão, denominada de anis-estrelado-japonês (Illicium anisatum, também conhecido como Illicium religiosum, Illicium japonicum), shikimmi ou skimmi. Está espécie é reconhecida cientificamente como altamente venenosa e é, por isso, imprópria para o consumo humano,
A espécie Illicium verum possui 1 sinônimo reconhecidos atualmente.
É uma planta de 6 a 8 metros de altura, cultivada no sul da China, no Vietnã, os frutos constituem em rosetas que depois de colhidas e maduras são desidratas ou submetidas à destilação para a extração de seu óleo volátil.
A flores são desde brancas até vermelhas, solitárias, os frutos têm o formato de estrela de cinco pontas, consistindo em 8 carpelos arranjados em torno de um centro, cada carpelo é rígido com o formato de barca contendo cada um uma semente marrom, ovoide e brilhante. Os carpelos são mais aromáticos do que as sementes.
Possui propriedades digestivas tendo sido usado contra intoxicações por frutos do mar. É conhecido também por suas propriedades antissépticas, anti-inflamatórias, calmantes, digestivas e diuréticas. Na culinária, a estrela-de-anis é utilizada para produzir óleos essenciais e aromatizar bebidas alcoólicas, como a sambuca. É a partir desta planta que se produz o principal fármaco para tratamento da Gripe A, o Oseltamivir (nome comercial: Tamiflu).
É aromatizante usado em pães, bolos, peixes e frutos de mar, deve ser usado com cautela pois pode ser tóxico. Ingrediente essencial ao "pó de cinco especiarias", o anis-estrelado é usado na culinária chinesa em sopas, caldos, marinadas para carne de porco, pato e frango. Na cozinha vietnamita é cozido em caldos e no pho (sopa de macarrão e carne). Na Índia, o anis-estrelado é comumente usado para substituir o anis por ser mais barato.
É uma dos ingredientes do Chartreuse.
Infusão

Uma infusão é um processo de fabricação de bebidas, em geral, pela imersão de uma substância aromática (ou essência vegetal) em água fria ou fervente. Algumas das bebidas mais comuns e de vasta distribuição mundial são infusões: café, chá, tisana, chimarrão, tereré, etc.
O valor calórico destas infusões decorre do açúcar que a elas se acrescenta. A maneira de reduzir o valor calórico dos infusos e bebidas é adoçá-los com edulcorantes não calóricos ou de baixa caloria, transformando-os em preparações diet.
Por vezes, fazem-se infusões com outros líquidos, como o álcool ou o vinagre. Ferve-se o solvente, e em seguida adiciona-o na droga vegetal e abafa. As principais bases para as infusões de chás são o chá preto e o chá verde.
A infusão é um processo químico que usa plantas (normalmente ervas secas, flores ou bagas) que são voláteis e liberam seus ingredientes ativos prontamente em água, óleo ou álcool. Neste processo, um líquido é normalmente fervido (ou levado a outra temperatura apropriada) e derramado sobre a erva. Depois que a erva foi deixada mergulhar no líquido por um período apropriado de tempo, ela é removida (possivelmente por força) deixando uma infusão. A menos que a perfusão deva ser consumida imediatamente, é engarrafada e refrigerada para uso futuro.
A quantidade de tempo que as ervas são deixadas no líquido depende do tipo de infusão. Os tempos de infusão podem variar de segundos (para alguns tipos de chá chinês) a horas, dias ou meses (para licores como sloe gin).
Existem vários acessórios e técnicas para remover os botânicos embebidos ou que sobraram que foram usados para infundir líquidos, incluindo maceradores de metal (que se parecem com grampos), infusores de chá (que atuam como filtros) e prensas francesas (que são comumente usadas para infundir água com vários chás e café). A técnica mais utilizada é o saquinho de chá, que é feito com papel filtro e recheado com vários sabores de chá.
Fontes:
Mineirinho (refrigerante)

Mineirinho é um refrigerante brasileiro com extrato de guaraná e chapéu-de-couro, fabricado na cidade de São Gonçalo e distribuído principalmente no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, e encontrado com mais facilidade no comércio de Niterói, São Gonçalo, Leste Fluminense, região serrana e em parte da Região dos Lagos principalmente em Maricá, Saquarema, Araruama, Iguaba e Búzios.Tradicionalmente associado à cidade de Niterói, o Mineirinho ganhou popularidade regional como referência cultural e industrial fluminense.
O refrigerante da marca Mineirinho foi criado em Minas Gerais pelo químico Eugenio Auvray, tendo sua primeira fábrica sido instalada na cidade de Ubá no início da década de 1940. O refrigerante é feito a partir do extrato da planta da flora brasileira chapéu-de-couro.
No ano de 1946, em virtude da demanda na produção, sua fabricação foi transferida para o Estado do Rio de Janeiro na cidade de Niterói.
No mesmo ano, a razão social da fábrica modificou-se de "Sociedade Industrial de Refrigerantes Fusano Ltda" para "Sociedade Industrial de Refrigerantes Flexa Ltda".
As primeiras versões do rótulo do Mineirinho não descreviam os ingredientes.
Em 1978, a linha de produção passou para um novo parque industrial na cidade de São Gonçalo onde o refrigerante é fabricado desde então.
Em 1989, foi lançado o Mineirinho em garrafas PET de 2 litros e de 350 mililitros.
Nos anos 1990, o refrigerante passou a mencionar o chapéu-de-couro como ingrediente.
Na década de 1990, a razão social mudou para "Indústria de Bebidas Reflexa Ltda".
No início da década de 2000, o refrigerante Mineirinho começou a ser oficialmente referido como um refrigerante de guaraná com chapéu-de-couro.
O produto se estabeleceu como tipicamente regional, sendo amplamente distribuído nas cidades de Niterói, São Gonçalo e outras cidades fluminenses
Com uma coloração escura e visualmente semelhante aos refrigerantes de cola, o refrigerante Mineirinho é comercializado em embalagens PET de 350 mililitros e 2 litros nas seguintes variantes:
Tornaram-se típicos nos bares de Niterói as placas do Mineirinho que traziam o logotipo do refrigerante inscrito na tradicional elipse verde e acompanhado dos slogans como "Refrigerante Salutar" ou "Muito Mais Refrigerante".
Porém, a distribuição na cidade do Rio de Janeiro costuma ser modesta e pouco regular. O fato reforça a percepção do produto como uma espécie de símbolo cultural niteroiense e, em menor grau, fluminense. Por possuir, em sua composição, extrato de chapéu-de-couro, o produto também é procurado pelas propriedades diuréticas da planta.
Guaraná (refrigerante)

Guaraná é um refrigerante feito à base de fruta do guaraná.
O processamento do xarope da fruta inicia-se no Brasil em 1905 por Fara, um médico da cidade de Resende, Rio de Janeiro. Em 1906 é lançado pela F. Diefenthaller, uma fábrica de refrigerantes de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, o Guaraná Cyrilla. A fábrica posteriormente renomeada para Cyrilla foi fechada em 200 e reaberta em 2020, com a promessa de relançar os clássicos guarana cyrilla, gasosa cyrilla e cyrillinha. A Antarctica desenvolveu um processo de eliminar a adstringência e o amargor, ressaltando o sabor e o aroma característicos da fruta, lançando o Guaraná Champagne Antarctica em 1921. Hoje, há várias marcas de refrigerante de guaraná espalhadas pelo Brasil. Outro refrigerante de guaraná foi criado acidentalmente em 1920 pelo farmacêutico Jesus Norberto Gomes, no estado do Maranhão. Jesus importou uma máquina de gaseificação para produzir uma espécie de magnésia fluida, um medicamento famoso na época, com extratos de 17 ingredientes da Amazônia, entre eles guaraná e canela, mas o negócio não deu certo. O farmacêutico, contudo, resolveu fazer uma bebida para os netos e agradou a todos. Com o tempo, a bebida cor-de-rosa caiu no gosto do povo e até hoje é bastante popular no estado, mantendo a fórmula. Em 2001, a Coca-Cola comprou a marca.
Na Sérvia e em outros países do Leste Europeu, fabricam-se bebidas energéticas à base de guaraná, comercializadas com este nome, mas sem o mesmo sabor doce do refrigerante - tem um sabor amargo e efeito cardioacelerador.
Guaraná (soft drink)

Guaraná is a soft drink that originated from the guarana plant.
The processing of the fruit syrup began in Brazil in 1905 by Fara, a physician from the city of Resende, Rio de Janeiro. A soft drink factory, Guaraná Cyrilla, was launched by F. Diefenthaller in 1906 in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. The drink initially was astringent and markedly bitter, and it did not become popular. The soft drink was created by Pedro Baptista de Andrade, who sold the formula to Antarctica, which then developed a process to eliminate the astringency and bitterness, emphasizing the characteristic flavor and aroma of the fruit, launching Guaraná Champagne Antarctica in 1921. Today, there are several brands of guarana soda available throughout Brazil.
Guaraná Jesus, another guaraná soft drink, was created accidentally in 1920 by pharmacist Jesus Norberto Gomes, in the state of Maranhão. Gomes imported a gasification machine to produce a kind of magnesia fluid, a medicine famous at the time, with extracts of 17 ingredients from the Amazon rainforest, including guarana and cinnamon, but the business did not work. The pharmacist decided to make a drink for his grandchildren and pleased everyone. Over time, the taste of the pink drink has become less popular with people, but it remains quite popular in Maranhão, maintaining its original formula. In 2001, Coca-Cola bought this brand.
In Serbia and other Eastern European countries, energy drinks based on guarana are marketed under this name, but without the same sweet flavor as the soda; they have a bitter taste and cardio-accelerating effect.
List of soft drinks by country

This is a list of soft drinks in order of the brand's country of origin. A soft drink is a beverage that typically contains water (often carbonated water), a sweetener and a flavoring agent. The sweetener may be sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, fruit juice, sugar substitutes (in the case of diet drinks) or some combination of these. Soft drinks may also contain caffeine, colorings, preservatives and other ingredients.
Soft drinks that are sold in more than one country are listed in this article only under their country of origin.
Pamir Cola Group of Companies
Akij Group
Pran Food Ltd.
Fresh Group
Globe Soft Drinks
Deshbandhu Group
Golden Eagle – an energy drink
Green Soda Next, Lychee Next and Storm
Ice Cream Soda Butterscotch Soda Black Cherry Vanilla Soda Cranberry Clementine Soda Sarsaparilla Soda Cream Soda "big red..." Green Apple Soda Starfruit Soda False Beer (Really just root beer and cream soda...) (1978) Teas: Blueberry Tea Ginger Peach Tea
MORE juices-made by Rudisa Beverages Basic One bottled water Wahaha bottled water
Açaí na tigela

Açaí na tigela (lit. 'Açaí in the bowl') is a sweet Brazilian snack food from Pará and Amazonas. It is a dish made with the frozen and mashed fruit of the açaí palm, described as having an "earthy" or creamy taste. Its texture is granular before blending and it has a tartness from its high acidity content, making its taste appealing. It is served as a smoothie in a bowl, usually mixed with guaraná syrup, and is commonly topped with granola and banana.
Although açaí na tigela is commonly consumed all over Brazil it has become more regionalized mainly in Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Florianópolis, São Paulo, Goiás and along the northeastern coast, where it is sold in kiosks lining the beach promenade and in juice bars throughout the cities.
Agwa de Bolivia

Agwa de Bolivia, often shortened to AGWA, is a herbal liqueur made with Bolivian coca leaves and 37 other natural herbs and botanicals including green tea, ginseng, and guarana, distilled and produced in Amsterdam by BABCO Europe Limited. The coca leaf content of the drink, like that in Coca-Cola, has the cocaine alkaloids removed during production, and does not contain the drug.
While the coca leaf has been used for thousands of years by the native South American population in the Andean region, traditional uses typically have included chewing the leaf or brewing it into tea. The distillation of coca leaf liqueur is more recent, likely dating to the early-to-mid 1800s. Agwa de Bolivia Liqueur dates its establishment to 1863 in Amsterdam.
Vin Mariani, a coca wine, was another prominent example of a coca-infused alcohol also developed in 1863. Its inventor, chemist Angelo Mariani, steeped coca leaves in Bordeaux wine in order to produce a "tonic" that mellowed the leaves' bitter flavor.
BABCO states that the leaves used for the production of AGWA are picked at 2000 meters above sea level in the Bolivian Andes. The leaves are then shipped to Amsterdam, where they are macerated into a tea extract and then distilled to a strength of 82% alc./vol. This distillation process naturally removes the plant's psychotropic effects. The final AGWA herbal liqueur is marketed as a blend of the coca distillate with 36 other botanical elements including: African mint, French lavender, red ginseng, guarana, green tea, juniper, cinnamon, bitter orange, yerba mate, and maca root powder.
Agwa de Bolivia has been approved for consumption by the European Union Narcotics commission, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and TTB (Homeland security finished liquid & label).
Guaraná Antarctica

Guaraná Antarctica is a guaraná-flavoured soft drink, originating in Brazil. It was created in 1921 by Pedro Baptista de Andrade for Companhia Antarctica Paulista. The drink is produced in five countries: Portugal, Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia and Japan.
In Brazil, it is also available as the low calorie version Guaraná Antarctica Zero.
Guaraná Antarctica is also available in Portugal, Panama, Spain, Honduras, Haiti, Paraguay, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Bulgaria, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands (cans only), Belgium, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Switzerland, Sweden, Canada, Ireland, United Kingdom (in some Tesco and Waitrose stores), parts of Japan, the United States, Argentina and infrequently in Germany and Australia (cans and 2 litre bottles) and Austria (cans only).
The taste is mild and slightly apple-like, with a berry after-flavour.
Carbonated water, sugar, (E150d) caramel colour, citric acid, (E211) sodium benzoate and (E202) potassium sorbate (preservatives), ascorbic acid (antioxidant), guaraná extract and natural flavours.
One of Guaraná Antarctica's 2006 commercials featured Argentine football player Diego Maradona finding himself wearing the yellow jersey of the Brazilian team and singing the Brazilian national anthem before waking up and proclaiming it was a nightmare, because he had drunk too much guaraná the day before.
Guaraná Antarctica aired a controversial commercial showing the guarana berry plantations in the Amazon region while a narrator explained the basics of the process of producing Guaraná Antarctica and introduced the audience to the guaraná tree. By the end of the spot, the narrator turns to the audience and says: "Now ask Coca-Cola to show you the coca tree...". This spot was a direct attack to Coca-Cola and how its flagship product initially contained cocaine. In response, Coca-Cola aired equally controversial commercials for its guaraná-based Kuat drink, such as one in which former World No. 1 Tennis Player Gustavo Kuerten asks a street vendor for a guaraná, to which the vendor responds by throwing him a can of Guaraná Antarctica, which Kuerten throws back to the vendor. After a few exchanges, Kuerten proceeds to say: "joga direito!" ("throw it the right way"), which prompts the vendor to toss him a can of Kuat.
Ambev

Ambev, formally Companhia de Bebidas das Américas and Companhia Brasileira de Bebidas, is a Brazilian brewing company now merged into Anheuser-Busch InBev. Its name translates to "Americas' Beverage Company", hence the "Ambev" abbreviation. It was created on July 1, 1999, with the merger of two breweries, Brahma and Antarctica. The merger was approved by the board of directors of the Brazilian Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE) on March 30, 2000. The organization's headquarters are in São Paulo, Brazil. It is one of the largest companies by market capitalization in Brazil and in the Southern hemisphere. Belonging to the Anheuser-Busch InBev group, it is the largest beer manufacturer in the world. It controls about 69% of the Brazilian beer market is the 11th largest company in the country in net revenue and is a manufacturer of soft drinks, energy drinks, juices, teas, and mineral water.
It went public in 2004 on the São Paulo Stock Exchange, trading under the ticker ABEV3 on B3.
Ambev was born from the merger between the then competitors Companhia Antarctica Paulista and Companhia Cervejaria Brahma, from Rio de Janeiro, in 1999. Over the years, the company added new brands and breweries, such as the artisanal brewery Wäls from Minas Gerais and the São Paulo-based Colorado.
Ambev operates in 18 countries in the Americas and its products include beers such as Antarctica, Bogotá Beer Company, Brahma, Bohemia, Stella Artois and soft drinks like Guaraná Antarctica, Soda Antarctica, Sukita and the innovations H2OH! and Guarah. The second largest PepsiCo bottler outside the United States, it sells and distributes PepsiCo products in Brazil and other Latin American countries, includes Pepsi, Lipton Ice Tea and Gatorade by franchise agreement. According to an analyst at "Share Market Updates" in October 2016, the company operated through Latin America North, Latin America South, and Canada segments.
In 2004, Ambev went public on the São Paulo Stock Exchange, raising approximately R$ 6 billion, with shares traded under the ticker symbols ABEV3 on B3. In 2013, it launched its IPO on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the ticker ABEV.
In 2004, Ambev merged with Belgian company Interbrew to form InBev. In 2008, InBev acquired the American company Anheuser-Busch to form Anheuser-Busch InBev. Ambev S.A. is currently a subsidiary of Interbrew International B.V., which is in turn a subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV.
It has committed to sustainability by setting targets to eliminate plastic pollution in its packaging. The company has invested in eco-friendly alternatives and recycling initiatives to reduce environmental impact.
In 2019, it invested $36 million in building solar plants to power its operations, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources. This initiative aligns with the company's commitment to sustainability and lowering carbon emissions.
Kuat (drink)

Kuat (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [kwatʃ]) is a brand of guarana beverage sold by The Coca-Cola Company in Brazil. Kuat was introduced in Brazil in 1997 to compete with the leading guarana beverage, Guaraná Antarctica, which was stealing market share from Coca-Cola's cola products.
In Brazil, Kuat is available in a diet version (Kuat Zero) and a green-tea infused version (Kuat Eko).
Kuat was briefly sold in Norway starting in 2003 under the name SanSão.
In 2002, Coca-Cola announced plans to test market Kuat in the United States.
Guaraná Jesus

Guaraná Jesus is a Brazilian soft drink produced by Eduardo Lago, a Coca-Cola bottler based in São Luís. The drink is popular within the region, reportedly outselling Coca-Cola, and is made from extracts of the guarana plant, which contains caffeine (sometimes called "guaranine"), theophylline, and theobromine. Lago has noted that "Every Brazilian knows that guarana is a stimulant, and that means it stimulates everything". The drink is named for Jesus Norberto Gomes, the druggist who formulated the drink in 1920. The drink has a pink color, a cinnamon aroma and a very sweet taste, and is marketed with the slogan "the pink dream". The drink is now a brand owned by the Coca-Cola Company.
Supercopa do Brasil

The Supercopa do Brasil (English: Brazil's Super Cup), also known as Supercopa Rei (English: King Super Cup), is a Brazilian association football trophy organized by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF). It is contested between the champions of the Campeonato Brasileiro and the winners of the Copa do Brasil. If the same club wins Campeonato Brasileiro and Copa do Brasil, their opponent will be the Campeonato Brasileiro runner-up.
The Brazilian Football Confederation announced in 2013 a new edition of the competition was expected to be played in 2015. The revival would only take place in 2020. In honor of O Rei Pelé, who died in 2022, the Supercopa do Brasil was renamed the Supercopa Rei on 31 January 2024.
An unofficial competition was played in 1992, between the champions of the Série A and of the Série B, as both championships were played in the first six months of the year. The game was played on 12 August between Flamengo (champion of the Série A) and Paraná (champion of the Série B). The game ended in a 2–2 draw, and in the penalty shootout, Flamengo beat the opponent 4–3. While RSSSF regards the competition as some form of Supercopa do Brasil, although officially not regards as Supercopa do Brasil, in Brazil the competition was popularly known as Taça Brahma dos Campeões. Differently from the 1990 and 1991 editions, which were official CBF competitions, the 1992 edition was a friendly cup.
In 2018, Corinthians, champion of 2017 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A and Cruzeiro, champion of 2017 Copa do Brasil, played two friendly matches during the period corresponding to the 2018 FIFA World Cup to determine the unofficial Super Cup winner. The first game, played at Mineirão on July 4 ended with a 2–0 win for Corinthians, while the return game, played on July 11 at the Arena Corinthians, ended in a 2–2 draw. Two years later, the competition officially returned.
2024 Copa do Brasil

The 2024 Copa do Brasil (officially the Copa Betano do Brasil 2024 for sponsorship reasons) was the 36th edition of Brazil's domestic cup, the Copa do Brasil. It was being held from 20 February to 10 November 2024. São Paulo were the defending champions but they were eliminated in the quarter-finals.
Unlike previous editions, this edition did not automatically grant berths based on the national club ranking; instead, of the 92 available berths, 80 were distributed between the state leagues, with the remaining 12 being allocated to the teams qualified for the Copa Libertadores, the champions of regional cups Copa Verde and Copa do Nordeste, the champion of the second division Série B, and any remaining berths going to non-qualified clubs in Série A.
In their third consecutive final, Flamengo defeated Atlético Mineiro to win their fifth title. As champions, Flamengo qualified for the 2025 Copa Libertadores group stage and the 2025 Supercopa do Brasil.
Each state league received a number of berths based on their state ranking. The states chose how to distribute those berths between league placements and state cup champions. Teams in bold enter the competition in the third round.
On 31 October 2023, CBF published the 2024 Copa do Brasil schedule:
On 30 January 2024, CBF held the draw for the first and second rounds of the Copa do Brasil. Teams were seeded into eight groups as per their national ranking. Matches were drawn using group A vs E, B vs F, C vs G, and D vs H; lower-ranked teams host the match.
In the first round, each tie was played on a single-legged basis. The lower-ranked team hosted the match. If a game ends on a draw, the higher-ranked team automatically advances to the second round.
In the second round, each tie was played on a single-legged basis, with matches and hosts determined by the first round draw. If the score was level, the match would go straight to the penalty shoot-out to determine the winners.
The draw for the third round was held on 17 April at the CBF headquarters in Rio de Janeiro. The 32 teams, qualified from the previous round, were placed into two pots, seeded by their national ranking, and then drawn into 16 ties. A second draw determined the home and away teams for each leg. Each team's CBF ranking is shown in parentheses.
In the third round, each tie was played on a home-and-away two-legged basis. If the aggregate score was level, the second-leg match would go straight to a penalty shoot-out to determine the winners.
The draw for the round of 16 was held on 18 July at the CBF headquarters in Rio de Janeiro.
The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 20 August at the CBF headquarters in Rio de Janeiro.
The draw for the semi-finals was held on 20 September at the CBF headquarters in Rio de Janeiro. Owing to requests from Flamengo and Atlético Mineiro due to the FIFA Calendar, the dates of the second leg matches were changed from 17 to 19 and 20 October.
The draw for the finals was held on 24 October at the CBF headquarters in Rio de Janeiro.
Two-liter bottle

The two-liter bottle is a common container for soft drinks, beer, and wine. These bottles are produced from polyethylene terephthalate, also known as PET plastic, or glass using the blow molding process. Bottle labels consist of a printed, tight-fitted plastic sleeve. A resealable screw-top allows the contents to be used at various times while retaining carbonation.
In the United States, the two-liter bottle is one of the few cases where a product is sold by a round number of metric units. Since very few other beverages are sold in this exact quantity, the term "two-liter" in American English almost invariably refers to a soft drink bottle. Other common metric sizes for plastic soft drink bottles include 500 milliliters, 1 liter, and 3 liters.
PepsiCo introduced the first two-liter sized soft drink bottle in 1970. Motivated by market research conducted by new marketing vice president John Sculley (who would later be known for heading Apple Inc. from 1983 to 1993), the bottle and the method of its production were designed by a team led by Nathaniel Wyeth of DuPont, who received the patent in 1973. In 1985, a three-liter bottle appeared on supermarket shelves. The design is still used to this day by some bottlers.
Most modern-day two-liter bottles are one piece of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) with a base that is molded with a radial corrugation to provide strength for the bottom and the ability to stand upright. Most early two-liters had a separate opaque base glued to the hemispherical bottom of the clear PET flask. This base had a coaxial corrugation and drain holes.
Used two-liter bottles see new life in a variety of uses including carpeting, boat hulls, polyester fabric, filling for jackets, sleeping bags, mattresses, pillows, recycling bins, artificial floating islands, scouring pads, and, on an increasing scale, new soft drink bottles.
Typical dimensions:
Jarritos

19°29′8.4″N 99°11′1.6″W﻿ / ﻿19.485667°N 99.183778°W﻿ / 19.485667; -99.183778
Jarritos is a brand of soft drink in Mexico, owned by Novamex, a large independent bottling conglomerate based in El Paso, Texas. Jarritos was founded in 1950 by Don Francisco "El Güero" Hill.
Jarritos is made with fruit flavors and cane sugar, and is less carbonated than many popular soft drinks. It is made in Mexico. Many Jarritos varieties are naturally flavored. The word jarrito means "little jug" in Spanish and refers to the Mexican tradition of storing drinks in clay pottery jugs. Produced in Mexico, they are sold throughout the Americas. Jarritos comes in 370 mL (12.5 US fl oz) and 600 mL (20 US fl oz) glass and plastic, as well as 1.5-liter bottles.
The original Jarritos was a coffee-flavored drink, before it moved to fruit flavors. Shortly after launching the first Jarritos in Mexico City, Francisco Hill developed a process to remove tamarind juice extract to create the first tamarind-flavored soft drink in Mexico: Jarritos Tamarindo. Hill quickly followed with Mandarin, Lemon and Fruit Punch flavors, gaining greater market share. By 1960, Jarritos had secured distribution in 80 percent of Mexico’s 31 states.
Exports to the United States began in 1988. According to the 2009 edition of the book Mexico Greatest Brands, 6000 bottles of Jarritos are shipped across the border each minute. Jarritos is now present in 42 countries.
Jarritos and Nike collaborated to make a Jarritos-inspired Nike Dunk shoe, which was released in May 2023.
Jarritos is or was available in fifteen flavors:
Perú Cola

Perú Cola is a Peruvian range of soft drinks. Perú Cola is a brand of the Embotelladora Don Jorge S.A.C. company, a former bottler of Coca-Cola and later Inca Kola products. Perú Cola was introduced in Peru in 2002 after the take-over of Inca Kola by the Coca-Cola Company. Perú Cola is sold in glass bottles of 500 ml and PET bottles of 500 ml, 1.5 liter, 2.2 liter and 3.3 liter.
In May 2018, Ajegroup (Añaños family) bought the Grupo Perú Cola which owns the Perú Cola brand.
In September 2010, Embotelladora Don Jorge S.A.C. announced its promotion of the popular América Televisión show Al Fondo Hay Sitio on labels of Perú Cola and Isaac Kola. The labels of Perú Cola featured caricatures of 14 different characters from the television series on the front of the 500 ml and 1.5 liter PET bottles. The larger sizes (2.2 liters and 3.3 liters) had groups of characters on the larger size labels. In addition to the labels, there were prizes consisting of 50 different collectable stickers featuring 16 different characters from the show (with similar caricatures printed on the labels) available on the inside of the peel-off labels—one each on the 500 ml and 1.5 liter bottles. The 2.2 liter bottles came with two stickers, and the 3.3 liter bottles had three stickers. The promotion officially ended 15 November 2010, but the labels and stickers were available on store shelves after that time.
In January 2011, Embotelladora Don Jorge S.A.C. introduced a second promotion for the television show Al Fondo Hay Sitio. It featured a second set of sticker-tattoos (decals, unlike the larger format square stickers from the first series) with new artwork with various caricatures of characters from the television series on 500 ml PET bottles of Perú Cola and Isaac Kola. This promotion did not include different collectable labels with different characters as in the first promotion. The label indicated that an album for the stickers could be ordered from a website for the promotion.
آرہ مچھلی (ضد ابہام)

1980 کی دہائی میں پاکستان میں آرہ مچھلی کی کثیر تعداد موجود تھی تاہم اس کے خطرناک ہونے بالخصوص طور پر اس کے سر پر آرہ ہونے کے باعث پاکستان میں اس کی اس کی آبادی انتہائی کم ہو گئی ہے۔
آرہ مچھلی کی 3 اقسام جن میں نائف ٹوتھ، لارج ٹوتھ اور لارج کومب شامل ہیں کو پاکستانی سمندر میں دیکھا گیا ہے۔
خیال رہے کہ آرہ مچھلی سمندی حیوانوں میں انتہائی نایاب مچھلی ہے جس کی آبادی کو ضرورت سے زیادہ فشنگ کی وجہ سے عالمی سطح پر خطرے کا سامنا ہے۔
نعیم آروی

نعیم آروی (پیدائش: 1943ء - وفات: 28 جولائی، 2002ء) پاکستان سے تعلق رکھنے والے اردو کے نامور افسانہ نگار تھے۔ وہ اردو ادب کی ترقی پسند تحریک سے وابستہ تھے۔
نعیم آروی 1943ء میں آرہ، بہار، برطانوی ہندوستان میں پیدا ہوئے تھے۔ ان کا اصل نام نعیم الحسن تھا۔ ان کے افسانوی مجموعوں میں وا نیزے پر سورج، ہجرتوں کی مسافت، بستی کا آخری آدمی، گرد آلود شام اور زرد موسموں کا غذاب کے نام شامل ہیں۔ وہ اپنی کہانیوں میں بڑے شہر کی زندگی، نچلے اور اوسط طبقے کے ان افراد کو اپنا موضوع بناتے تھے جو شب و روز اپنی بقا کی جدوجہدمیں مصروف ہیں۔ وہ نئی نسل کے ان چند افسانہ نگاروں میں شامل تھے جو لفظی بازی گری، عدم ابلاغ اور بے کہانی کی کہانیوں کے پر آشوب دور میں کہانی ہی کو وجہ افتخار سمجھتے رہے۔ ان کی کہانیوں میں سورج کی علامت کو کلیدی اہمیت حاصل تھی۔
نعیم آروی 28 جولائی، 2002ء کو کراچی، پاکستان میں وفات پاگئے۔
حنا خواجہ بائیات

حنا خواجہ بائیات (انگریزی: Hina Khawaja Bayat) ایک پاکستانی اداکارہ ہے۔ ہم سفر، زندگی گلزار ہے اور شہر ذات اُن کے مشہور ڈرامے ہیں۔ وہ اپنے ملک کے ڈراموں، ان کی جاذبیت اور ما ورائے ملک شہرت کے بارے میں کافی مطمئن ہیں۔ ان کے مطابق پاکستانی ڈراموں کے کردار حقیقت سے بہت قریب تر ہوتے ہیں۔ یہ کردار گویا ایک عام آدمی یا عورت کی عکاسی کرتے ہیں اور ان کو ہو بہ ہو فلمائی ہوئی حالت میں قبولیت کا مادہ رکھتے ہیں۔ اپنے اسی انٹرویو میں انھوں نے کہا کہ پاکستانی ڈرامے ایک قابل اعتماد ہوتے ہیں اور پھر ان کے کردار حقیقت کے بہت قریب ہوتے ہیں۔ انھوں نے کہا کہ پاکستانی ڈراموں کا چلن پاکستان ہی تک محدود نہیں بلکہ کئی دیگر ممالک میں بھی دیکھے جاتے ہیں اور اس وجہ سے یہ ایک عالمی افادیت کا زمرہ اختیار چکے ہیں۔ اسی طرح سے کیبل اور سیٹلائٹ کے دور سے پہلے بھی پاکستانی ڈرامے بھارت میں دیکھے گئے ہیں۔
حنا خواجہ بائیات کے مطابق پاکستانی ڈراموں سے لگاؤ کوئی تازہ نہیں بلکہ 80 کی دہائی میں بھی پاکستانی ڈرامے نہ صرف پاکستان بلکہ بھارت میں بھی مشہور تھے اور اس وقت بھارتی چینلز پر یہ ڈرامے دکھائے جانے کے باوجود سیٹلائٹ اور ڈی کے ذریعے بھارت میں دیکھے جا رہے تھے انھوں نے کہا کہ پاکستان اور بھارت کو ایک دوسرے کی اقتصادی ، تجارتی اور سیاسی اہمیت کو سمجھتے ہوئے آپس میں دشمنی کی بجائے دوستانہ تعلقات کو فروغ دینا چاہیے انھوں نے کہا کہ مجھے شوبز میں آنے کی اجازت ہر گز نہیں تھی کیونکہ میرے والد کہتے تھے کہ مجھے اچھا نہیں لگتا کہ تمھاری تصویر ہر جگہ لگی ہو لوگ تمھیں بری نظر سے دیکھیں تاہم میرے شوہر نے مجھے اس فیلڈ کو اپنانے میں بہت سپورٹ دی ۔
حنا خواجہ بائیات شہر ذات، متاع جان ہے تو، زندگی گلزار ہے، ایک نئی سنڈریلا، اڑان، بشر مومن، صنم، تم کون پیا اور کتنی گرہنیں باقی ہیں' جیسے ڈراموں کی اداکارہ حنا خواجہ بائیات یوں تو اپنی اداکاری کی وجہ سے کافی شہرت رکھتی ہیں، تاہم ان کی جانب سے بیٹی کی شادی پر کی گئی ڈانس کی ویڈیو وائرل ہونے کی وجہ سے وہ خبروں میں ہیں۔ حنا خواجہ بائیات نے 18 دسمبر 2020ء کو انسٹا گرام پر اپنی بیٹی کی شادی کی تقریب میں رقص کرنے کی ویڈیو شیئر کی، جس میں انھیں معروف بھارتی گانے 'ڈولا رے' پر رقص کرتے ہوئے دیکھا جا سکتا ہے۔ادھیڑ عمری میں بھی شاندار طریقے سے ناچ کرنے پر مداحوں نے حنا خواجہ بائیات کی تعریفیں کیں جب کہ ان کی بیٹی کے لیے نیک خواہشات کا اظہار کیا۔ اداکارہ نے ڈانس ویڈیو شیئر کرتے ہوئے لکھا ہے کہ ان کے لیے سب سے خوبصورت لمحے ہیں، کیوں کہ ان کی بیٹی کی شادی ہو رہی ہے۔
لکڑی

لکڑی یا کاٹھ یا چوب ایک کاربنی مادہ ہے، جس کی پیداوار درختوں کے تنے میں وقت کے ساتھ سخت ہوتے حیاتیاتی مادے کے طور پر ہوتا ہے۔ ایک زندہ درخت میں یہ مادہ پتوں اور دیگر بڑھتے بافتوں تک غذائی اجزاء اور پانی کی ترسیل کرتا ہے اور ساتھ ہی یہ درخت کو سہارا دیتا ہے تاکہ درخت خود کھڑا رہ کر حتمی اونچائی اور ماپ اپنا سکے۔ لکڑی درخت کے اس مواد کو بھی کہا جاتا ہے، جس کی ہیئت تنے کے مادے کی طرح ہوتے ہیں، مثلاً شاخیں اور بعض اوقات جڑیں بھی لکڑی ہی کہلاتی ہیں۔ تاریخ انسانی کے آغاز سے ہی لکڑی کا استعمال کئی مقاصد جیسے کہ ایندھن (بالن) اور تعمیر و تجارت کے طور پر رہا ہے۔ تعمیر کے طور پر اس کا استعمال خاص طور عمارت، اوزار، ہتھیار، فرنیچر، پیکیجنگ، لکڑکاری اور کاغذ وغیرہ بنانے میں کیا جاتا ہے۔
راکھ (جلی ہوئی لکڑی)

راکھ (انگریزی: Ash) سے مراد وہ شے کسی چیز، خاص طور پر لکڑی کے جلنے سے برادے کی شکل میں حاصل ہو۔ حالانکہ آگ کی نسبت عمومًا لکڑی سے کی جاتی ہے، مگر کسی بھی چیز کے خاکستر ہونے سے وہ راکھ کے ڈھیر میں تبدیل ہو سکتا ہے۔ کئی بار گھروں کے آتش زدہ ہونے کے بعد وہ راکھ کے ڈھیر میں تبدیل ہوتے ہیں۔ اسی طرح کپڑے اور گھر کے دوسرے سامان کا حال ہو سکتا ہے۔
کچھ مذاہب میں انسانی جسموں کو دفن نہیں بلکہ سپرد آتش کیا جاتا ہے۔ اس طرح سے فانی انسان کے جسم کو راکھ میں تبدیل ہونا پڑتا ہے۔ یہ طریقہ بہ طور خاص ہندو مت، بدھ مت، جین مت، وغیرہ میں رائج ہے۔ اکثر ملحد لوگ بھی اسی طریقے کو اپناتے ہیں۔ کیوبا کے سابق صدر فیڈل کاسٹرو کو بھی سپرد آتش کیا گیا تھا۔ سابقًا سپردِ آتش، لکڑیوں کے جلانے سے ہوتا تھا۔ تاہم جدید طور پر برقی بھٹی یا کریمیٹوریم کا طریقہ رائج ہے، جس میں انسانی جسم کو ڈال برقی طور پر جلا دیا جاتا ہے۔
راکھ کا روز مرہ کی زندگی میں کثرت سے دیگر استعمال بھی ہوتا ہے۔ اس میں کئی بار برتن کے دھونے کے لیے بھی ہوتا ہے، جس کے لیے لکڑی کی راکھ کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ اسی طرح سے لکڑی کے چولہے میں پہلے سے بھی راکھ کو رکھا جاتا ہے تاکہ آگے آگ لگائی جا سکتی ہے۔
قرون وسطی کے اناطولیہ کی لکڑی کی ہائپو اسٹائل مساجد

قرون وسطی کے اناطولیہ کی لکڑی کی ہائپو اسٹائل مساجد (انگریزی: Wooden Hypostyle Mosques of Medieval Anatolia) اناطولیہ میں پانچ سلجوق مساجد پر مشتمل ایک یونیسکو عالمی ثقافتی ورثہ ہے جو تیرہویں صدی کے آخر اور چودہویں صدی کے وسط کی ہے۔
ساگوان کی لکڑی (میانمار)

ساگوان، برما ٹیک، ٹیکٹونا گرینڈس، ایک سخت لکڑی کا درخت ہے جو میانمار سمیت جنوبی اور جنوب مشرقی ایشیا کے بیشتر علاقوں میں ہوتا ہے۔ اس کی قدرتی پانی کی مزاحمت کی وجہ سے، ساگوان کو فرنیچر سازی اور جہاز سازی سمیت متعدد استعمال کے لیے ترجیح دی جاتی ہے۔ ساگوان برما کے زیادہ تر حصے میں اگتا ہے، لیکن سب سے پہلے جزیرہ نما ملائی میں برما کے جنوب مشرق میں تناسرم (اب تنینتھاری) کے علاقے میں اس کو بڑے پیمانے پر کاٹا گیا تھا۔ اگرچہ یہ طویل عرصے سے مقامی لوگ استعمال کرتے رہے ہیں، تب سے ساگون، برطانوی نوآبادیاتی دور سے میانمار کی معیشت کے لیے اہم رہا ہے۔ اور آج بھی ایک سیاسی مسئلہ ہے۔
Dado set

A dado set or dado blade is a type of circular saw blade, typically used with a table saw or radial arm saw, which is used to cut dadoes or grooves in woodworking. There are two common kinds of dado sets, stacked dado set and wobble blade.
Stacked dado set consists of two circular saw blades fixed on either side of a set of removable chippers. As the dado set spins, the two outside blades cut the dado walls and the chippers remove the waste material in between and smooth the bottom of the dado. The chippers are added or removed to the set as required to make a dado of the desired width. Chippers can also be interspersed with spacers to finely adjust the dado width. Consequently, changing the dado width requires the complete removal of the dado blade set from the arbor. After disassembly, chippers and/or spacers are used to achieve the desired width of the dado set.
Wobble blade or wobble dado or adjustable dado consists of a circular blade mounted on an adjustable multi-piece hub, that varies the angle of the blade to the arbor shaft. The width of the dado cut increases as the angle gets further from the radial normal (90°) to the arbor. While it is possible to adjust the thickness of the cut when the saw is mounted on the arbor, accurate adjustment is usually difficult because tightening the arbor nut often changes the adjustment. Also, because of their inherent geometry, wobble blades can only produce a flat-bottomed dado at one width setting, which may be a disadvantage in certain joinery operations. Another disadvantage of a wobble dado over stacked dado is undesirable vibrations. The magnitude of these vibrations varies with the blade's angular offset. In other words, the wider the dado, the stronger the vibrations. Dado cuts are also less likely to wear down over time, given that they are primarily designed to hold an inserted workpiece entirely still.
Zainab Market

Zainab Market is a historic market in Karachi, Pakistan.
Zainab Market is a three-tiered commercial building known for its wide range of products. The ground floor is primarily for vendors, the basement houses specialty stores, and the first floor features leather goods and furs. The market provides an array of items such as ceremonial clothes, traditional jewelry, crafts, and home decor.
The building is characterized by its maze-like structure which was built during British India-era.
KFC Pakistan

KFC Pakistan is the Pakistani franchise of KFC which operates 128+ locations across Pakistan with 10,000 employees. Its first restaurant was established in Karachi in 1997.
KFC was introduced to Pakistan through the Belgian Artal group in June 1997, seeing initial success in Karachi. However, following Pakistan's 1998 nuclear tests and ensuing US sanctions, KFC faced operational challenges due to its import-dependent supply chain. This resulted in ownership transferring to the Cupola Group in 2001.
By 2014, the brand faced challenges, prompting Yum! Brands to introduce managerial changes. Based on AC Nielsen research, KFC adjusted its market positioning and pricing, and updated its outlets and digital platforms.
KFC Pakistan's menu consists of burgers, sandwiches, fried chicken, nuggets, hot wings, French fries, rice dishes, twister wraps and drinks. KFC in Pakistan introduced a new food item named "Zingeratha" which is a fusion of the Zinger and paratha, a traditional bread in Pakistan. In January 2020, KFC Pakistan introduced Thai sweet chili wings and Buffalo wings.
The American-based KFC branches became targets during anti-American protests in 2005, resulting in the burning of the Gulshan-e-Iqbal branch, and the tragic deaths of six people. This prompted the franchise to rebrand itself as a Pakistani-run business.
As per local journalist from Mirpur Khas, KFC Mirpur Khas branch was robbed by some gunmen in 2023 at late night.
Hand saw

In woodworking and carpentry, hand saws, also known as "panel saws", are used to cut pieces of wood into different shapes. This is usually done in order to join the pieces together and carve a wooden object. They operate by having a series of sharp points, called teeth, of a substance that is harder than the wood being cut.
Hand saws have been used for thousands of years. Egyptian hieroglyphics exist depicting ancient woodworkers sawing boards into pieces, and ancient bow saws have been found in Japan. Cut patterns on ancient boards are occasionally observed to bear the unique cutting marks left by saw blades, particularly if the wood was not 'smoothed up' by some method. Twenty-four saws from eighteenth-century England are currently preserved.
Materials for saw blades have varied over the ages. Bronze saws were likely used before steelmaking technology became extensively known and industrialized.
The most popular material for handles of hand saws is applewood; in the early 1900s 2,000,000 board feet of applewood were used annually for this purpose.
Sometimes cultures developed two main types of saw teeth: the cross cut saw teeth and the rip saw teeth. These cut into the wood using different mechanisms. Crosscut saws have sawteeth that are shaped, often with a metal file, in such a way that they form a series of tiny knife-like edges. Crosscut saws are meant to cut perpendicular, or against, the wood grain. Rip saws, on the other hand, have chisel-like sawteeth and are meant to cut parallel, or with, the grain. Wood fibers are contacted by the teeth and 'ripped' apart from the bundle of other fibers. It is common that people do not recognize the difference and use saws both ways. However, a rip saw is much faster than a cross-cut saw when cutting with the grain but leaves a very rough cut, often with splinters on the surface, and has more difficulty maintaining a straight cut when cutting across the grain. The cross-cut saw can cut in any direction but is much slower than needs be when cutting with the grain.
The development of saws was also affected by several factors. The first was the importance of wood to a society, the development of steel and other saw-making technologies, and the type of power available. These factors were, in turn, influenced by the environment, such as the types of wood or metal available. Finally, the types of jobs the saws were to perform was also important in the development of the technology.
Among Basques and Australians, traditional hand sawing has generated rural sports. The Basque variant is called tronral.
Ralli quilt

Ralli, Rilli or Rillki quilts are traditional quilts of Sindh, in southeastern Pakistan, and the surrounding regions bordered by the southeastern part of Balochistan, the Bahawalpur region of Punjab, Rajasthan and the Kutch region of Gujarat. Traditionally, they were made of cotton, but synthetic fabrics have increasingly been used since the late 1900s. The types, colors, and designs of ralli quilts vary depending upon the area in which they are made. There are different types of ralli making, three of which are widely known. These include appliqué, patchwork, and embroidered ralli . All rallis are handmade by women artisans of Sindh's remote areas. Embroidery designs and motifs indicate perceived on painted pottery from the area's ancient civilizations. Mothers used to explain several inheritance patterns to their daughters.
Boulton Market

Boulton Market, also spelled Bolton Market, (Urdu: بولٹن مارکیٹ) is a 19th-century market located in Saddar, Karachi, Pakistan. It is a wholesale market, surrounded by various retail markets.
It was built in 1883 British India as a fruit and vegetable market and was named after Colonel C.F. Boulton, then municipal commissioner of Karachi. In 1886, the size of the market was expanded in order to accommodate stalls of meat and fish.