davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Turnul Eiffel

Turnul Eiffel (în franceză La tour Eiffel; pronunție audio) este o construcție faimoasă pe schelet de oțel din Paris ce măsoară 330 m înălțime. Turnul a devenit simbolul Franței cel mai răspândit la nivel mondial. A fost conceput de către Émile Nouguier, Maurice Koechlin și Stephen Sauvestre, angajați la Eiffel și Co. Gustave Eiffel, inițial reticent cu privire la proiect, a devenit ulterior un mare susținător al său și a cumpărat brevetul. Turnul, care poartă numele său, este una dintre principalele destinații turistice ale Parisului și lumii, cu mai mult de 5,5 milioane de vizitatori anual. Turnul și-a primit cel de-al 200.000.000 vizitator la 28 noiembrie 2002.
În urma unui concurs de arhitectură, lansat cu prilejul Expoziției Universale de la Paris din 1889, care a marcat în același timp centenarul Revoluției Franceze, proiectul lui Eiffel a fost ales din alte 107 proiecte depuse. Structura a fost construită între anii 1887-1889, urmând să servească drept arc de intrare la Expoziția Universală (1889). Turnul Eiffel a fost inaugurat la 31 martie 1889 și deschis pentru public la 6 mai. 300 de muncitori au unit 18.038 de piese de oțel pudlat, folosind două milioane și jumătate de nituri. Luând în considerare standardele de siguranță din acel moment, este remarcabil faptul că un singur muncitor a murit la construcția turnului, și anume în timpul instalării lifturilor. Lifturile originale funcționau cu ajutorul unui sistem hidraulic, pe când lifturile actuale sunt electrice.
Turnul are 330 m înălțime, inclusiv antena din vârf, și o greutate de peste 10.000 de tone. Când a fost construit era cea mai înaltă clădire din lume. Întreținerea turnului include utilizarea a 50 de tone de vopsea maro închis, la fiecare 7 ani. Depinzând de temperatura aerului, Turnul Eiffel își schimbă înălțimea cu câțiva centimetri datorită contracției și dilatării aliajului de metale.
Cel puțin la începuturile sale, publicul a întâmpinat cu multă reticență această construcție, considerând-o inestetică. Astăzi însă este considerat drept simbolul orașului și una dintre cele mai frapante piese de artă arhitecturală din lume. Unul dintre clișeele hollywoodiene este priveliștea de la o fereastră pariziană, care întotdeauna include Turnul Eiffel.
La început, Eiffel a primit permisiunea de a lăsa monumentul în funcțiune timp de 20 de ani, dar ținând cont că oferea o serie de beneficii în domeniul comunicațiilor, s-a renunțat la demontarea sa.
Turnul are 3 niveluri: accesul publicului la primul și al doilea nivel se poate face atât pe scări, cât și cu liftul, în schimb accesul la ultimul nivel se face exclusiv cu liftul.
Clădirea, unde lucrează 500 de persoane (250 de salariați direcți ai SETE și 250 ai diferiților concesionari ai monumentului), este deschisă publicului pe tot parcursul anului. Turnul Eiffel este înscris ca monument istoric din 24 iunie 1964 și face parte din Patrimoniul mondial UNESCO din anul 1991, împreună cu alte monumente pariziene.
Furnizorul materialului de construcție pentru Turnul Eiffel a fost compania Forges et Usines Fould-Dupont. Minereul de fier utilizat a fost extras în Franta, din Lorena (Lorraine).
Castle of Avio

45°44′47″N 10°57′08″E﻿ / ﻿45.7464°N 10.9521°E﻿ / 45.7464; 10.9521 The Castle of Avio (also known as the Castle of Sabbionara, Italian: Castello di Avio, old German: Schloß Aue) is a medieval castle in the comune Avio, Trentino, northern Italy. It is currently held by the Fondo per l'Ambiente Italiano (FAI). It is one of the several castles commanding the Vallagarina valley of the Adige River. It features several rooms with medieval frescoes.
The castle is mentioned for the first time in a 1053 document as Castellum Ava. In the 12th century it was owned by the Castelbarco family, who ceded it to the Republic of Venice in 1411. The latter enlarged it and added a chapel dedicated to St. George, together with a façade showing the doge's coats of arms.
In 1509 the castle was conquered by the troops of Maximilian I of Austria who, after painting his insignia on the façade, gave it to the counts of Arco. After several changes of property, in the 17th century the counts of Castelbarco bought it back.
The castle features three lines of walls, with five towers. Among the latter, the so-called Torre della Picadora was the place where executions (through hanging) were carried on. In the interior is the massive mastio, surrounded by several edifices, including the baronial Palace.
The castle's rooms are decorated by a series of frescoes, undertaken in two different campaigns. The first is the "Chamber of Love" (Camera di Amore), dating to c.1330 and painted by an unknown workshop that had already worked in the Chiesa dei Domenicani in Bolzano. This room features scenes of love visible through the openings of a large painted brocade or curtain. Cupid, mounted on horseback, chases after a lover and shoots him with arrows. He is then shown making love to a young woman.
The second cycle was executed two or three decades later, c.1350, and features less elaborate paintings of battles.
Sucevița Monastery

Sucevița Monastery is an Eastern Orthodox convent situated in the Northeastern part of Romania. It is situated near the Suceviţa River, in the village Sucevița, 18 km away from the city of Rădăuţi, Suceava County. It is located in the southern part of the historical region of Bukovina (northwestern Moldavia). It was built in 1585 by Ieremia Movilă, Gheorghe Movilă and Simion Movilă.
The architecture of the church contains both Byzantine and Gothic elements, and some elements typical to other painted churches of northern Moldavia. Both interior and exterior walls are covered by mural paintings, which are of great artistic value and depict biblical episodes from the Old and New Testament. The paintings date from around 1601, which makes Sucevița one of the last monasteries to be decorated in the famous Moldavian style of exterior paintings.
The interior court of the monastic ensemble is almost square (100 by 104 meters) and is surrounded by high (6 m), wide (3 m) walls. There are several other defensive structures within the ensemble, including four towers (one on each corner). Sucevița was a princely residence as well as a fortified monastery. The thick walls today shelter a museum that presents an outstanding collection of historical and art objects. The tomb covers of Ieremia and Simion Movilă – rich portraits embroidered in silver thread – together with ecclesiastical silverware, books and illuminated manuscripts, offer eloquent testimony to Sucevița's importance first as a manuscript workshop, then as a printing center.
In 2010, the monastery has been inscribed by UNESCO on its list of World Heritage Sites, as one of the Painted churches of Moldavia. It is also the second major attraction along the Via Transilvanica long-distance trail, after Putna Monastery.
Sucevița

Sucevița (German: Suczawitza or Kloster Suczawita) is a commune in Suceava County, in the historical region of Bukovina, northeastern Romania. It is composed of two villages, namely Sucevița and Voievodeasa (German: Fürstenthal). Sucevița Monastery, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site series of the painted Churches of Moldavia, is located in the commune.
Sucevița is also the second town along the Via Transilvanica long-distance trail.
Churches of Moldavia

The north of the Moldavia region in Romania preserves numerous religious buildings as a testimony of the Moldavian architectural style developed in the Principality of Moldavia starting from the 14th century.
Of these, eight Romanian Orthodox Churches located in Suceava County and built from the late 15th century to the late 16th century are listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, since 1993. Church of the Resurrection within the Sucevița Monastery was added to the site in 2010. The churches have their external walls covered in authentic and unique fresco paintings, representing complete cycles of religious themes.
Kocój E., Świątynie, postacie, ikony. Malowane cerkwie i monastyry Bukowiny Południowej w wyobrażeniach rumuńskich [Temples, persons, icons. Painted churches and monasteries of South Bucovina in Romanian imagology], Kraków 2006, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, ss. 444, 120 photos, https://www.academia.edu/24331662/%C5%9Awi%C4%85tynie_postacie_ikony._Malowane_cerkwie_i_monastyry_Bukowiny_Po%C5%82udniowej_w_wyobra%C5%BCeniach_rumu%C5%84skich_Temples_persons_icons._Painted_churches_and_monasteries_of_South_Bukovina_in_Romanian_imagology_Wydawnictwo_Uniwersytetu_Jagiello%C5%84skiego_Krak%C3%B3w_2006_s._440
Simion Movilă

Simion Movilă (after 1559 – 14 September 1607), a boyar of the Movilești family, was twice Prince of Wallachia (November 1600 – June 1601; October 1601 – July 1602) and Prince of Moldavia from July 1606 until his death.
He was the grandson of Petru Rareș, younger brother of Ieremia Movilă, and father of Petro Mohyla, who became the Metropolitan of Kiev, Halych and All-Rus' from 1633 until his death, and later was canonized as a saint in the Russian, Romanian and Polish Orthodox Churches.
In the early 1580s, Simion, along with his brothers, built Sucevița Monastery.
In October 1600, he was put on the throne of Wallachia by Polish forces.
In August 1602, Simion was defeated by Radu Șerban and forced into exile to Moldavia.
After the death of his brother Ieremia in July 1606, Simion gained the Moldavian throne. By making rich gifts, Simion managed to be recognized by the sultan. While he was ruler of Moldavia, he had hostile relations with the Poles.
He died on September 14, 1607, after a reign of only a year and a few months. His death was suspected to be the result of poisoning, which only further inflamed tensions around succession. This eventually spiralled into war, which was eventually won by his son Mihail after Polish support.
Simion was buried at the Sucevița Monastery.
Brâncovenesc art

Brâncovenesc art or Brâncovenesc style (Romanian pronunciation: [brɨŋkovenesk]; Romanian: artă brâncovenească or stil brâncovenesc), also known as the Wallachian Renaissance or the Romanian Renaissance, is an artistic style that evolved during the administration of Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Brâncoveanu was the domn and voivode of the Principality of Wallachia (between 1688 and 1714), an extremely wealthy aristocrat, and a builder of fine palaces and churches. Brâncovenesc art was mostly focused on architecture, but also manifested through painting and sculpture.
The design style developed in Wallachia, in present day southern Romania. Brâncovenesc style is synthesis between the Byzantine, Ottoman, and late Renaissance. It was also a unique hybrid of Romanian Orthodox Christian edifice styles working with the dominant Islamic architecture of the Ottoman Empire, of which the Principality of Wallachia was a vassal. The most accomplished and the best preserved example of Brâncovenesc style architecture is Horezu monastery, inscribed by UNESCO on its list of World Heritage Sites, where Brâncoveanu intended to have his tomb.
The Brâncovenesc style inspired architect Ion Mincu and other architects to create the Neo-Brâncovenesc/Neo-Romanian architectural style in the late 19th century. The style combines features from Art Nouveau, Byzantine, Italian and ethnographic architecture. Ion Mincu and his successors, Grigore Cerchez, Cristofi Cerchez, Petre Antonescu, or Nicolae Ghica-Budești declared themselves for a modern architecture, with Romanian specific, based on theses such as those formulated by Alexandru Odobescu around 1870:
Examples in Bucharest include:
Although Brâncovenesc art is mostly focused on architecture, it also has remarkable pictorial works. An example is the iconostasis and wall painting of the St. Nicholas Church of Făgăraș. Brâncovenesc art was also manifested through sculpture, which had a marked Venetian influence.
Burton Dassett Hills

Burton Dassett Hills Country Park is a country park in southeastern Warwickshire, England.
It was created as a country park in 1971 and is run by Warwickshire County Council. The area comprises a group of ironstone hills, which are named after the village of Burton Dassett which is located in the hills. The hills rise to 211 m (692 ft) above sea level and are situated half a mile east of the M40 motorway.
The area was once extensively quarried for ironstone and a short industrial railway – Edge Hill Light Railway – existed for this purpose until the 1920s.
Of interest at the site is a 12th-century parish church at the old village of Burton Dassett. Outside the church is a holy well which still provides water. The park is also popular with flyers of kites and radio-controlled gliders.
Impressive views across the surrounding countryside can be seen from the hills; towns and other features that are viewable are described by a toposcope. On a clear day, places as far afield as Coventry (more than 20 miles away) can be seen. The park and the church were used as a location in the Tom Selleck 1990 film Three Men and a Little Lady.
52°09′51.93″N 1°25′17.31″W﻿ / ﻿52.1644250°N 1.4214750°W﻿ / 52.1644250; -1.4214750
St Stephen's Church, Bournemouth

St Stephen's Church is a Church of England parish church in Bournemouth, Dorset (formerly in Hampshire), England. The liturgical life of the church is rooted in the Anglo-Catholic tradition, and the building features a noted lady chapel.
The church is close to Bournemouth town centre and Meyrick Park.
The church was designed by the architect John Loughborough Pearson as a memorial to Alexander Morden Bennett, first vicar of St Peter's Church, Bournemouth. It is constructed with Purbeck stone and Bath stone. Its nave was built from 1881 to 1883 and the chancel from 1896 to 1897. The tower was built from 1907 to 1908. It is a Grade I listed building.
It was in here, on 15 March 1888, that the wedding between Oscar Bernadotte of Sweden, son of King Oscar II, and Ebba Munck af Fulkila, took place.
The church has an organ by William Hill dating from 1898. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register. There is also a small five-stop chamber organ dating from 1870. The specification of the chamber organ can also be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.
List of Catholic artists

This list of Catholic artists concerns artists known, at least in part, for their works of religious Catholic art. It also includes artists whose position as a Roman Catholic priest or missionary was vital to their artistic works or development. It primarily features artists who did at least some of their artwork for Catholic churches, including Eastern Catholic Churches in communion with the Pope.
Note that this is not a list of all artists who have ever been members of the Catholic Church. Further, seeing as many to most Western European artists from the 5th century to the Protestant Reformation did at least some Catholic religious art, this list will supplement by linking to lists of artists of those eras rather than focusing on names of those eras.
Romanian Orthodox icons

In the Romanian Orthodox Church, icons serve much the same purpose as they do in the rest of the worldwide Orthodox Church. The art of painting them has seen a revival after the end of the communist period, and today there are many active icon painters in Romania.
In Romania, icons painted as reversed images on glass and set in frames were common in the 19th century and are still made. "In the Transylvanian countryside, the expensive icons on panels imported from Moldavia, Wallachia, and Mt. Athos were gradually replaced by small, locally produced icons on glass, which were much less expensive and thus accessible to the Transylvanian peasants..."
Although exceptions exist, "Roman Orthodox icons rarely show Jesus nailed to the cross as they do in Catholic Churches."
Religious icons and crucifixes are allowed in Romanian schools, by order of the Romania high court, in contrast to the United States.
Romanian icons commonly use a halo to indicate saints, and was used for the ghost in Shakespeare’s Hamlet as well, to indicate the supernatural character of the dead king.
1964

1964 (MCMLXIV) fue un año bisiesto comenzado en miércoles según el calendario gregoriano.
Ganadores de los torneos más importantes:
Medallero:
Medallero:
(¹) Atletas provenientes de la RDA y la RFA compitieron juntos como el "Equipo Unificado de Alemania". Este equipo combinado apareció en los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno de 1956, 1960 y 1964.
Medallero: País ganador del medallero Estados Unidos (USA).
Colombia cafetera

Colombia Cafetera es un libro escrito por el colombiano Diego Monsalve, publicado en el año 1927.​ En él se recoge una gran cantidad de información sobre la cultura cafetera en Colombia. El autor describe la historia del cultivo del café en el país, desde sus inicios hasta la actualidad, y destaca la importancia del café como elemento cultural y económico para Colombia. Además, Monsalve ofrece información sobre las regiones cafeteras, las variedades de café que se cultivan en el país, y los procesos de producción y comercialización del café.
El libro está dividido en 4 partes que abordan desde información histórica, geográfica, económica del país, a aspectos de la cultura cafetera en Colombia, tales como las regiones productoras de café, las variedades de café cultivadas en el país, el proceso de producción del café y su comercialización en el mercado mundial.​
Además, Monsalve incluye fotografías y testimonios de caficultores, lo que le da un toque personal y humano a la obra. De esta manera, el autor logra ofrecer una visión global y detallada de la cultura cafetera de Colombia, y brinda al lector una comprensión más profunda de la importancia del café en la vida de los colombianos y en la economía del país.​
Monsalve relata en el libro la llegada del café a Colombia y de cómo esta bebida se convirtió rápidamente en una parte integral de la economía del país. A lo largo del libro, se exploran las diferentes regiones cafeteras de Colombia y cómo cada una tiene su propia identidad y características únicas. El autor también examina cómo la cultura cafetera ha influido en la vida cotidiana de los habitantes de la región, desde las tradiciones y costumbres hasta la música y el arte. Además, el libro presenta entrevistas con productores de café y otros miembros de la comunidad cafetera, que ofrecen una visión única sobre la vida en esta parte de Colombia.
El libro está dividido en cuatro capítulos​
Las ilustraciones de este libro, incluyendo los títulos, portadas y gráficos de información, fueron creados por el pintor Coriolano Leudo (1866-1957) y el caricaturista Alejandro Gómez Leal (1903-1979)
Incluye ilustraciones, mapas, retratos en blanco y negro.
Se usan diferentes tipografías en la escritura del libro, relacionadas con el lenguaje art nouveau​
Bushnell, D. (2021). Colombia: Una nación a pesar de sí misma (Fuera de colección). Crítica Colombia.
Museo del Café Francisco Schmidt

El Museu do Café Francisco Schmidt es un museo en la ciudad de Ribeirão Preto, en el interior del estado de São Paulo, en el sudeste de Brasil que divulga la historia de la caficultura en esta área, y que está bautizada en nombre del antiguo dueño de la hacienda.
El museo está ubicado en el campus de la Universidad de São Paulo y alberga objetos que relatan la vida cotidiana de inmigrantes, esclavos y barones, retratando la historia del café y entre su colección, encontramos una colección de molinos, una máquina procesadora de café, diferentes tipos de granos de café, entre otras piezas.​
Plínio Travassos dos Santos creó el museo del café para honrar la cultura de esta planta y con fondos de la administración municipal, comenzó a juntar y coleccionar objetos relacionados con el tema. Con la antigua sede de la hacienda Monte Alegre y la colección organizada, Plínio inauguró el museo en 1955​ bajo el nombre de Francisco Schmidt, magnate del café que durante años fue dueño de la hacienda donde se ubica el museo. Debido al valor histórico del lugar, el museo y su colección fueron catalogados como patrimonio municipal.​​
Barra do Piraí

Barra do Piraí es un municipio brasileño del estado de Río de Janeiro. Se localiza a una latitud 22º28'12" sur y una longitud 43º49'32" oeste, estando a una altitud de 363 metros. Su población estimada en 2008 era de 102.487 habitantes.
Posee un área de 582,1 km². Se localiza en el centro de la región Sur Fluminense, a una distancia de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro de aproximadamente 100 km, y hace frontera con los municipios de Valença, Vassouras, Mendes, Piraí, Pinheiral, Volta Redonda y Barra Mansa.
Barra do Piraí está compuesta de 6 distritos: Barra do Piraí (sede), Ipiabas, Vargem Alegre, Dorândia, São José do Turvo, Califórnia da Barra.
El nombre del municipio es debe al hecho de que el río Piraí desemboca en el río Paraíba del Sur.
Fue la primera ciudad emancipada en el régimen republicano. Su emancipación se dio el 10 de marzo de 1890 y su emancipador fue José Pereira de Faro, el Tercero Barón del Río Bonito.
Las principales actividades económicas son la agricultura, la industria metal-mecánica y la ganadería.
El municipio posee actualmente 303 industrias y 2.621 empresas instaladas, de entre las cuales destaca la Casa del Arroz como mayor empleador de salario mínimo de la ciudad. La economía de la ciudad se basa también en el comercio, donde existen varias empresas de renombre nacional como: Casas Bahia, Punto Frío, Comercios Cien.
En las décadas de los 70 y 80, Barra do Piraí vivió momentos áureos en su economía con el crecimiento de la industria alimenticia (Belprato).
Barra do Piraí forma parte de la región Valle del Ciclo del Café. Tiene como principales eventos:
El último café (serie de televisión)

El último café es una serie de televisión emitida por Televisión española desde 1970 hasta 1972, con guiones de Alfonso Paso.
La serie narraba, en tono de comedia costumbrista, los avatares de un grupo de vecinos y amigos que habitualmente se reúnen en torno a la barra de un café de barrio. Entre los curiosos personajes que pueblan el local, se encuentran Felipe (el dueño), Antonio (el camarero), Carmela (la cajera), Edelmira (la señora de los lavabos) y un cliente que solo se conocía como El Escritor.
Josefina en la cocina

Josefina en la cocina es un programa de televisión Colombiana en donde hacen recetas de cocina para aprender y hacer también.Su personaje principal es Josefina una niña que cocina junto su amigo Raffaello que vino desde Italia en aeroplano, Josefina vive con sus padres, su vecino Tomy y un guante parlante que también es protagonista de este programa. Durante cada capítulo se plantea y se desarrolla una situación que se convierte en un motivo especial para cocinar. El chef y la niña diseñan el plato, compran los ingredientes para la receta del día, cocinan juntos, aprenden acerca de la cocina de las diferentes regiones de Colombia y de otros países del mundo, conocen el origen de los ingredientes y después disfrutan de sus recetas en compañía de sus seres queridos. El Guante Parlante crea conflictos y situaciones divertidas en la cocina por medio de sus travesuras, y aunque el chef Raffaello no puede verlo, es víctima de sus pilatunas. En la serie, disfrutar y compartir de la comida en familia o con amigos alrededor de la mesa, le da sentido al hecho de cocinar. La cocina fortalece los vínculos familiares entre Josefina y su familia, hace crecer la amistad entre Raffaello y Josefina, permite que su imaginación vuele y cree al Guante Parlante, posibilita la vida en familia y en comunidad.
A Josefina le gusta liderar, enseñar y le encanta aprender.Es una niña inteligente y le gusta el conocimiento.este papel es promocionado por Sara Pinzon (protagonista) es una niña muy lista y sabe muy bien lo que hace.
Es el amigo fantástico de Josefina. Es un guante agarra ollas, con boca ojos y pelo, que habla y tiene vida propia. Es glotón, juguetón y pícaro, siempre tiene hambre y hace muchas pilatunas en la cocina. Es cómico, inquieto, burletero, y un poco desobediente, aunque de muy buen corazón. El Guante siempre se equivoca: dice mentiras, hace maldades, es celoso y muy goloso; pero sabe pedir disculpas y siempre trata de enmendar sus errores. El Guante adora a Josefina por encima de todas las cosas, ella es su mejor amiga y su heroína, sin embargo no puede evitar hacerle maldades, y complicarle un poco la vida a la niña Chef. El Guante Parlante está constantemente celoso del Chef Raffaello, pues cree que le quita la atención de Josefina. El Guante es inteligente, enérgico, muy amistoso y siempre habla en rima
Es un chef italiano que vino a Colombia a compartir sus conocimientos y aprender sobre la cocina colombiana. Raffaello nació en Nápoles y se hizo chef desde niño pues heredó los conocimientos culinarios de su madre y de su abuelo. El Chef italiano es amigable y le gusta compartir lo que sabe. Es un extranjero enamorado de Colombia, de sus productos, de sus sabores, de su tradición culinaria. Raffaello es muy estricto en la cocina. Raffaello es sentimental y sensorial. Es optimista, alegre y cariñoso, pero a la vez irascible, impaciente y perfeccionista. Raffaello tiene miedo de experimentar, pues es muy riguroso en la cocina. No le gusta improvisar y cambiar las recetas en la mitad del camino. A Raffaello le molesta que Josefina cambie de planes con facilidad. Al chef le gusta oler, tocar y saborear los alimentos.
Lomo al trapo

El lomo al trapo es un plato colombiano de relativamente reciente aparición, principalmente preparado y consumido en la ciudad de Bogotá y sus zonas aledañas. Su mayor atractivo se centra en la técnica de cocción utilizada, que permite la conservación de los jugos naturales de la carne y de su sabor.
El lomo al trapo encuentra su mayor popularidad en la ciudad de Bogotá y sus alrededores.​ Las condiciones climatológicas de la Sabana de Bogotá, considerada de clima frío frente a otras regiones, y el uso de chimeneas como elementos arquitectónicos tradicionales, permitieron la popularización del plato a lo largo de los años.
Tradicionalmente el lomo al trapo se prepara con una pieza entera de lomo de res sin condimentar, envuelto en una considerable capa de sal fina (aproximadamente 1 cm de espesor), para lo cual se utiliza un trapo de algodón de donde toma su nombre (tela garza o lienzo son muy buenos para esta preparación) humedecido con agua/ajo, vino tinto o vino blanco e incluso cerveza. El lomo envuelto en sal se dispone directamente sobre la llama -y no la brasa- de una chimenea no menos de 24 minutos por kilo de carne, dándole la vuelta al menos una vez para que se cocine de forma homogénea. Durante este tiempo la sal se encostra alrededor del lomo, permitiendo que la carne se cocine a altas temperaturas a la vez que evita su sudoración. Posteriormente, el lomo envuelto en sal se retira de la llama y se desmolda. Usualmente se corta en rodajas y se acompaña de puré de papas, papas al vapor (conocida en Colombia como papa salada), plátano maduro a la brasa o ensalada verde.
El lomo al trapo se consume en su mayoría en reuniones privadas, entre familiares o amigos, alrededor de una chimenea o fogata. Es un plato de muy reciente aparición en el escenario gastronómico nacional pues no sé registra su preparación en libros tradicionales de cocina colombiana como El Gran Libro de la Cocina Colombiana,​ El Sabor de Colombia​ o Cocina básica Colombiana.​ No obstante, su creciente difusión, principalmente oral, le ha permitido ubicarse dentro de los menús de varios restaurantes tradicionales en Bogotá y su área de influencia.​​
Juan Manuel Barrientos (chef)

Juan Manuel Barrientos Valencia (Medellín, 16 de junio de 1983) es un chef colombiano, empresario y líder de paz. Creador y fundador de la cadena de restaurantes El Cielo. Es uno de los 50 mejores chefs de Latinoamérica;​ ha sido nombrado Chef Revelación Mundial​ y su empresa ha sido reconocida a nivel académico por las mejores universidades del mundo.​ Juanma revolucionó la cocina tradicional natal al unir sus innovaciones culinarias con las raíces ancestrales de la cocina colombiana, incursionando de paso en las investigaciones en neurociencias.​-
Comenzó su trayectoria a temprana edad al lado de los chefs Iwao Komivama (Argentina) y Juan Mari Arzak (España). A sus 23 años, cuando recién regresaba a Colombia desde su última pasantía en Europa, abrió las puertas de su primer Restaurante El Cielo en Medellín. Lo hizo inspirado en la cocina colombiana usando, técnicas de cocina de vanguardia y los conocimientos básicos en las neurociencias, para crear una oferta única.
En el 2011 abrió sus puertas El Cielo Bogotá y en el 2015 abrió sus puertas ElCielo Miami. Ha sido creador también de los restaurantes Blanco, Iwao y La Serenissima Venezia en las ciudades de Medellín y Bogotá, la Fundación ElCielo y la empresa ElCielo Catering.
De mi rancho a tu cocina

De mi rancho a tu cocina es un canal mexicano de recetas de YouTube​ creado por Doña Ángela, originaria del municipio Ario de Rosales, Michoacán, México, lugar desde donde se transmite.​​
El canal está dedicado a compartir recetas de la gastronomía mexicana (especialmente de Michoacán), información sobre instrumentos de la cocina (como las cazuelas de barro) y videos sobre los procesos mediante los cuales se obtienen algunos ingredientes.​​
En octubre del año 2019, este canal recibió el Botón de Oro de Youtube, el cual es otorgado a cuentas con más de un millón de suscriptores​ y en junio del año 2020, la revista Forbes México incluyó a la creadora en su listado de las "100 mujeres más poderosas de México".​​​ El canal ha sido reseñado en periódicos nacionales (de México) e internacionales​​ y las recetas han sido subtituladas a otros idiomas por la comunidad que la sigue.​
El primer video en este canal fue publicado el 20 de agosto de 2019, con una receta para preparar huitlacoche.​ En octubre de ese mismo año su receta de "corundas" michoacanas alcanzó el puesto 9 en las tendencias de contenido.​ A dos meses de haber empezado su canal la plataforma le otorgó el botón de plata por haber alcanzado los 100 mil suscriptores.​
En diciembre de 2019 el canal llegó a los 2 millones de suscriptores.​ En julio de 2020 llegó sumó un millón más de suscriptores, llegando así a los 3 millones.​
El canal ha sido mencionado en una tesis colombiana que analiza la nueva ola de "Youtubers Campesinos", entre los que se encuentran Nancy Risol, un youtuber campesino de Boyacá; la estrategia de los campesinos de los Montes de María para vender 4.000 hectáreas de ñame usando YouTube; y la iniciativa del Centro de Estudios Territorio y Ciudad quienes crearon el canal "PAZororidad".​
Por otro lado, el canal se ha mencionado en: un capítulo de libro de la editorial Tirant lo Blanch, en el que analizan las iniciativas de dinamización en Red en el sector de las Artes y Patrimonio en Latinoamérica, mencionan a Doña Ángela y su canal “De mi Rancho a Tu Cocina” como un ejemplo innovador de salvaguarda de la cultura;​ un artículo que cataloga los tipos de contenidos educacionales que 149 estudiantes de una universidad pública del centro de México consumen,​ en una tesis de maestría de la Universidad Lamar (Estados Unidos), en la que las recetas y videos de "De mi rancho a tu cocina" se usan como estrategia para enseñar castellano;​y en otra tesis de maestría de la Universidad de Lund (Suecia) en la que se cita como un ejemplo de las nuevas prácticas para reconectar con las raíces culturales cuando se está lejos del país de origen.​ Este último punto es un aspecto compartido por los usuarios suscritos al canal, quienes, como ha hecho notar la prensa, encuentran un valor nostálgico en las formas tradicionales de la gastronomía que el canal comparte.​
En junio de 2020 la revista Forbes México la eligió como una "100 mujeres más poderosas de México", no por la riqueza económica de Doña Ángela, sino por el impacto social que ha logrado con su canal de YouTube, y por el realce que ha logrado de la gastronomía mexicana.​
Parque del Café

El Parque del Café es un parque temático colombiano ubicado en el corregimiento de Pueblo Tapao, en el municipio de Montenegro, Quindío. Inaugurado el 24 de febrero de 1995, el parque se ha consolidado como uno de los principales destinos turísticos del país, destacando la cultura cafetera de la región. Cuenta con dos teleféricos que ofrecen vistas panorámicas del paisaje cafetero, así como diversos espectáculos que representan las tradiciones y costumbres locales.​
Está localizado a doce kilómetros de Armenia y a tres kilómetros del municipio de Montenegro, en la vía que conduce a Pueblo Tapao. Se divide en espacios ecológicos y recreativos.
La idea de crear el Parque del Café comenzó en el Congreso Nacional de Cafeteros de 1982, cuando la delegación del Quindío propuso la creación de un museo nacional del café en su departamento. La propuesta fue aceptada y respaldada con la resolución número 7, que autorizó al Comité Nacional y a la Gerencia General a buscar recursos para el proyecto. A partir de ahí, se iniciaron diversas gestiones, incluyendo la designación de un comité organizador y la obtención de donaciones de entidades del sector cafetero.
En 1986, tras adquirir el predio "La Paquita", en el municipio de Montenegro, el proyecto tomó un giro significativo cuando el arquitecto Dicken Castro presentó un anteproyecto, transformando la idea inicial del museo en el Parque Nacional de la Cultura Cafetera. Se formalizó la creación de la Fundación Parque de la Cultura Cafetera y, con la estructura administrativa del Comité Departamental de Cafeteros, se avanzaron los estudios y contratos necesarios para la construcción del parque. En 1989, se eligió la junta directiva de la Fundación, y en 1994, Jaime Arango Arango asumió la dirección de la misma.
La construcción avanzó significativamente con la finalización de diversas estructuras y el inicio de otras. Entre 1993 y 1994, se completaron obras relevantes como la Torre Mirador y el monumento al Jeep Willys. Finalmente, el 24 de febrero de 1995, el Parque del Café fue inaugurado con la presencia de autoridades nacionales y locales, marcando la culminación de un proyecto ambicioso que comenzó como una idea para preservar y divulgar la historia del café en Colombia.​
El Parque del Café ofrece una variedad de atracciones que incluyen montañas rusas, espectáculos en vivo y recorridos temáticos que resaltan la cultura cafetera. Los visitantes pueden disfrutar de paseos en teleférico y en botes, así como de un tren panorámico que recorre el parque. También cuenta con jardines temáticos, un museo del café que muestra la historia y el proceso de producción del café, y una torre mirador con vistas panorámicas de la región. Además, hay áreas recreativas para niños y una serie de esculturas y monumentos que celebran la cultura y tradición cafetera de Colombia.
Rancilio

Rancilio is an espresso machine manufacturer, founded in 1927 by Roberto Rancilio in Parabiago, Italy.
Rancilio's earliest machine was 'La Regina' – a vertical boiler machine, similar to the original Bezzera and Victoria Arduino devices in function and gilded 'Belle Epoque' styling.
In 1950, Rancilio released a horizontal boiler machine, the Invicta Horizzontal, showing evidence of the postwar shift toward spare, modern styling. The machine however, still used the same forced-steam brewing method from the early 20th century. By 1953, Rancilio adopted lever piston technology introduced by Gaggia. In 1957, Rancilio released a model which automated the lever process, the H/L Automatica. The company followed new technological trends towards continuous deliver brewing introduced by Faema in 1961. In 1965, Rancilio commissioned design work from industrial designer Marco Zanuso, beginning with the Rancilio Z8, and continuing with the Z9 in 1974. Rancilio continued with several Z-series machines, with the Z11 being the last. The S-series machine would become popular in the 1990s, and become well known in the North American marketplace.
In 1997, Rancilio created a home kitchen-sized espresso machine based on their commercial offerings. This was initially only available as a thank-you gift to importers and vendors of Rancilio's restaurant-grade coffee machines. This machine was later sold to consumers as the Silvia. The Silvia is a one group machine with a vibratory pump from ULKA and a single brass boiler that's controlled by 3 thermostats for both steam and hot water. It is frequently sold with its companion Rocky grinder that is available in doserless and dosered models with stepped settings.
In 2001, Rancilio revamped their lineup, introducing the basic Epoca, and the Classe series. In 2011, they introduced a new advanced brewing system for the Classe 9 called Xcelsius, which gives precise control of water temperature during the brewing cycle.
Rancilio made an attempt at a super-automatic machine, the Classe 12, and used cafes in Borders bookstores as a test market. It was deemed a failure, recalled, and abandoned. They subsequently purchased the Swiss Egro brand of super-automatic machines and have built a presence in that market with their Egro One.
In October 2013 Rancilio was acquired by Ali group.
45°31′51″N 8°56′45″E﻿ / ﻿45.53083°N 8.94583°E﻿ / 45.53083; 8.94583
Summit Brewing Company

44°54′50″N 93°8′22″W﻿ / ﻿44.91389°N 93.13944°W﻿ / 44.91389; -93.13944
Summit Brewing Company is a regional craft brewery in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, that brews a wide selection of beers. In 2017, Summit Brewing was the 25th largest craft brewer in the country and produced approximately 115,000 barrels of beer, with a capacity of 240,000 barrels per year. Their flagship beer has been an English Pale Ale branded as Summit Extra Pale Ale.
The brewery was founded in 1986 by local homebrewer Mark Stutrud and a group of his friends in an old auto parts warehouse on St. Paul's University Avenue. The company grew as the beers became popular locally. In 1987, the Great Northern Porter won a gold medal at the Great American Beer Festival and was featured on the cover of Michael Jackson's New World Guide to Beer (1988). By 1998 the company's beer production had exceeded the capacity of the original University Avenue brewery, and a new brewery, designed by architect Peter O'Brien, was built on the west end of St. Paul, overlooking the Mississippi River. Still in operation, it was the first new brewery built from the ground up in St. Paul since before Prohibition. Having outgrown its original brewing equipment, Summit sold its 1938-vintage brew house to Mt. Shasta Brewing Company in Northern California. They then purchased an all-copper, authentic German brew house built in 1971 from the Hürnerbräu Brewery in Ansbach Germany.
As of 2017, Summit beers are available from distributors in five U.S. states (Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin). The brewery currently brews seven year-round styles, a variety of seasonal styles, and limited release beers. 2018 saw the launch of new year-round beers such as Summit Dakota Soul, a traditional Czech-style Pilsener; Summit Skip Rock, a white ale; and Summit Keller Pils, an award-winning, unfiltered German-style Pilsner.
In July 2018, Summit Brewing Company completed a renovation of the Summit Ratskeller, its public bar and patio area in St. Paul. The Summit Ratskeller features Summit's entire lineup of beers, plus exclusive beers served only on site. The Rathskeller also provides access to the Summit Brewing Co. Gift Shop as well as tours of the brewery.
As of 2018, Summit Brewing Co. remains the second-largest brewery in Minnesota, after August Schell Brewing Company.
Summit reached an agreement with the Minnesota Twins baseball team in 2021, renaming their Keller Pils to Twins Pils. The distinctive Minnesota Twins bat-shaped tap handles are made by Pillbox Bat Company in Winona, Minnesota.
In 2023, Mark Stutrud announced that he was retiring as CEO of Summit Brewing Company after 37 years. He was replaced by Summit's former Chief Strategy Officer, Brandon Bland.
List of coffeehouse chains

This list of notable coffeehouse chains catalogues the spread and markets share of coffeehouses world-wide. This list excludes the many companies which operate coffeeshops within retail establishments, notably bookstores and department stores, or restaurants or convenience stores which also serve coffee. These chains frequently engage in coffee wars to gain brand and consumer market share. Starbucks, Dunkin', and Tim Hortons are the three largest coffee companies in the world, respectively. The largest coffee houses typically have substantial supply-chain relations with the world's major coffee-producing countries. They collectively wield prominent influence in global coffee economics by setting commodity prices, maintaining value chains, and supporting developing economics.
Semma (restaurant)

Semma is an Indian restaurant in New York City specializing in South Indian cuisine. The restaurant, operated by Roni Mazumdar and Chintan Pandya and their hospitality group Unapologetic Foods, replaced their first collaborative restaurant, Rahi. The restaurant received a Michelin Star in 2022 and has received positive reviews from restaurant critics.
Rahi, the restaurant which previously occupied Semma's location, closed in September 2021. Semma opened on October 12, 2021. Vijay Kumar left his position as chef at Rasa, an Indian restaurant in California, to become the chef at Semma. Kumar grew up in Tamil Nadu and designed the menu to focus on the foods of Southern India. Dishes on the menu, including the nathai pirattal (a snail dish) and a venison dish, were inspired by meals prepared by Kumar's family during his childhood. Semma does not list a phone number. The writers of a 2023 New York Times article about strategies to secure in-demand restaurant reservations referred to Semma as "one of the hardest-to-get-into places" in New York City.
"Semma" means "fantastic" or "super" in Tamil. Mazumdar and Kumar have both said that patrons have thanked them for providing food and flavors which accurately capture cooking found in India.
The interior of the space was redone after the closure of Rahi, with a new design inspired by the Indian state of Kerala. The New York Times referred to the interior as having "tropical accents" and noted that wood ceilings "suggest" Keralan houseboats, known as kettuvallam. Semma also features a mural depicting a Kathakali dancer. The restaurant's decor was designed by Wid Chapman Architects.
In a positive review, New York Times critic Pete Wells compared Semma favorably to other restaurants by Unapologetic Foods. Wells praised the "rustic cooking" featured at Adda and Dhamaka, Semma's "siblings" as their primary strength, while asserting that Semma was distinguished by its "chutneys...sauces...and spices" and its more extensive offerings.
In a review published by Eater, critic Robert Sietsema praised the restaurant for "aggressively challenging New York’s long-standing ideas about the scope and depth of Indian cuisine". Sietsema highlighted the Mangalore huukkosu, mulaikattiya thaniya, and erral thoku as several of his favorite dishes.
Hannah Albertine, in a review published by The Infatuation, praised the restaurant's decor and food.
The restaurant was awarded a Michelin Star in 2022. The Infatuation included Semma on its list of the best new restaurants in New York City in 2021. The restaurant was included on a list published by The New York Times of the restaurants "loved most" by its critics in 2022. The publication Bon Appétit included Semma on its list of the best new restaurants of 2022. Semma has been included on lists of the best Indian restaurants in New York City published by sites including Eater, Thrillist, TastingTable, and The Infatuation.
Pete Wells placed Semma in twelfth place in his 2023 ranking of the best hundred restaurants in New York City, and in seventh place on the same list for 2024.
List of countries by coffee production

The following list of countries by coffee production catalogues sovereign states that have conducive climate and infrastructure to foster the production of coffee beans. Many of these countries maintain substantial supply-chain relations with the world's largest coffeehouse chains and enterprises. These coffeehouses play a prominent role in supporting developing economies by waging a variety of coffee wars to gain market share. Often these coffeehouse chains pay a premium above market price in order to alleviate fair trade and sustainable farming concerns. Developing countries that participate in the coffee market wield considerate influence on global coffee economics.
In 2023, world production of green coffee was 11.1 million tonnes, led by Brazil with 30.8% of the total. Other major producers were Vietnam (17.7%) and Indonesia (6.8%). 41% of the world's coffee was produced in South America, 27% in South-East Asia, 17% in Africa and 10% in Central America.
This table lists the exports from the member states (and three non-members) of the International Coffee Organization (ICO) in the one-year period from February 2023 to March 2024. Gabon, Liberia, and Venezuela are all member states but did not report any data through the ICO for this period and are not shown; the Dominican Republic, Guatemala and Jamaica (italics) are not members but were included in the data.
The ICO reports another 45,200 tonnes of exports from countries not listed here; the largest unlisted producing nations are Guinea (200,000 tonnes produced in 2023), Laos (178,000), China (109,000), and Madagascar (49,300).
This data indicates exports of domestically produced coffee, but re-export volumes (imported coffee which is then exported) are also significant; from a global export volume of around 7.7 million tonnes, 2.8 million are later re-exported. The largest re-exporters are Germany (757,000 tonnes), Italy (364,000), then Belgium and Italy (both 278,000). The largest re-exporter outside Europe is the United States, which re-exports around 191,000 tonnes. The United States is the only major re-exporting nation to also produce any significant amount of coffee domestically, around 3,100 tonnes.
పండుగ

ముస్లింలకు సంవత్సరానికి రెండు పండుగ లున్నాయి.
క్రైస్తవుల ముఖ్యపండుగలు మూడు:
పుణ్యం లేదా అందరి మంచిని కోరి జరుపుకునే పండుగ వేడుకలు జరుపుకునే సందర్భాలలో మనం చాలా తప్పుల్ని, పాపాల్ని కొన్నిసార్లు పాపాల్ని చేస్తున్నాము. ప్రత్యేకించి బక్రీద్ నాడు. వీనిలో జంతు బలి అతి క్రూరమైనది. అన్ని మతాలు జీవహింస మహా పాపం అని పేర్కొంటున్నా ఎంతో మంది జంతు ప్రేమికులు వ్యతిరేకిస్తున్నా దీనిని ఆపలేకపోతున్నాం.
సంక్రాంతి
మహాశివరాత్రి
ఉగాది
శ్రీరామనవమి
కృష్ణాష్టమి
వినాయక చవితి
దీపావళి
దసరా
పంచాంగ శ్రవణం

పంచాంగ శ్రవణం అంటే తెలుగు సంవత్సరాదియైన ఉగాది పండుగ నాడు కొత్త సంవత్సరపు పంచాంగాన్ని చదివి వినిపించే సంప్రదాయం. ఉగాది తెలుగు సంవత్సరానికి మొదటి రోజు కావడంతో పాత సంవత్సరపు పంచాంగం మారిపోయి కొత్త పంచాంగం వాడుకలోకి వస్తుంది. వాడుకలోకి వచ్చిన కొత్త పంచాంగాన్ని పంచాంగకర్త, సిద్ధాంతి, జ్యోతిష్కులు వంటివారెవరైనా చదివి, వ్యాఖ్యానించి, శుభాశుభ ఫలాలు వివరించి వినిపిస్తారు. ఉగాది నాడు పంచాంగం వినడం వల్ల శుభకారకమని, భగవదనుగ్రహ కారకమని ధర్మశాస్త్రాలు చెప్తాయి.
ప్రస్తుతం పంచాగాలు చాలా యిళ్లలో కనిపిస్తాయి. కానీ ఒకప్పుడు కేవలం కొద్ది మంది పురోహితులకే ఇవి అందుబాటులో ఉండేవి. కాబట్టి ఉగాది రోజున వారి నుంచి రాబోయే సంవత్సరపు విశేషాలు తెలుసుకునేందుకు అంతా ఒకచోటకి చేరేవారు. దీని వల్ల పంచాంగ శ్రవణం నలుగురూ కలుసుకుని కష్టసుఖాలను కలబోసుకునే సందర్భంగా కూడా మారుతుంది. పైగా పంచాంగంలో సామాన్యులకు అర్థం కాని విషయాలుండవచ్చు. వాటన్నింటినీ నివృత్తి చేసుకొనేందుకు కూడా ఈ పంచాగ శ్రవణం ఉపయోగపడుతుంది.
ధార్మికపరమైన సందేహాలను తీర్చుకునేందుకు కూడా పంచాంగ శ్రవణం అవసరం. అందుకనే పంచాంగ శ్రవణ చేసినవారికీ, విన్నవారికీ కూడా నవగ్రహాల ఆశీస్సులు లభిస్తాయని ఫలశ్రుతిగా చెబుతారు.
కళారత్న పురస్కారాలు - 2017

ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ ప్రభుత్వం ప్రతి సంవత్సరం ఉగాదినాడు వివిధ కళలలో అత్యుత్తమ కృషి చేసిన వారికి అందించే కళారత్న (హంస) పురస్కారం. 2017 సంవత్సరానికి ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ ప్రభుత్వం 39 మందిని కళారత్న పురస్కారానికి ఎంపికచేసింది. 2017, మార్చి 29న ఉగాది పండుగ సందర్భంగా విజయవాడలోని తుమ్మలపల్లి కళాక్షేత్రంలో జరిగిన ఉగాది వేడుకల్లో పురస్కార గ్రహీతలకు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ ముఖ్యమంత్రి నారా చంద్రబాబు నాయుడు చేతులమీదుగా రూ.50 వేల నగదు, జ్ఞాపిక, ప్రశంసాపత్రం అందజేసి ప్రభుత్వం సన్మానించింది.
చైత్ర శుద్ధ పాడ్యమి

చైత్ర శుద్ధ పాడ్యమి అనగా చైత్రమాసములో శుక్ల పక్షములో పాడ్యమి తిథి కలిగిన మొదటిరోజు. తెలుగు సంవత్సరంలో ఇది మొదటిరోజున ఉగాది లేదా యుగాదిగా జరుపుకుంటారు.
రాష్ట్రీయ స్వయంసేవక్ సంఘ్ వ్యవస్థాపక అధ్యక్షులు పరమ పూజనీయ శ్రీ కేశరావ్ బలిరాం పంత్ హెడ్గేవార్ గారు ఉగాది రోజే జన్మించారు.