davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Museum Hakka Indonesia

Museum Hakka Indonesia (Hanzi: 印尼客家博物館, bahasa Inggris: Indonesian Hakka Museum) adalah museum yang didirikan oleh Perhimpunan Hakka Indonesia Sejahtera yang berisikan informasi mengenai perjalanan sejarah Hakka di Indonesia. Museum ini berlokasi di komplek Taman Budaya Tionghoa, Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, Jakarta Timur, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Museum Hakka Indonesia didirikan berawal dari keinginan tokoh keturunan Hakka yang merantau dan tinggal di Indonesia yang tergabung dalam Perhimpunan Hakka Indonesia Sejahtera untuk memperkenalkan budaya Hakka ke seluruh Indonesia. Tokoh-tokoh yang berkontribusi dalam pendirian Museum ini dapat ditampilkan di Aula Pameran Budaya Hakka Indonesia yang ada di lantai 3 di museum ini.
Museum ini membutuhkan waktu pembangunan selama sekitar 3 tahun dan diresmikan pada 30 Agustus 2014 oleh Presiden Indonesia yang menjabat saat itu Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.
Arsitektur museum ini meniru gaya arsitektur Fujian Tulou, dan terdiri dari satu aula utama di tengah bangunan dan tiga lantai dengan 3 ruang pameran: Aula Pameran Sejarah Tionghoa Indonesia, Aula Pameran Budaya Hakka Indonesia, dan Aula Pameran Budaya Yongding Hakka Indonesia. Selain itu juga terdapat toko souvenir yang menjual pernak-pernik bernuansa budaya Hakka yang sebagian langsung didatangkan dari Meizhou yang merupakan 'kampung' Hakka di Tiongkok.
Museum ini buka setiap hari (kecuali hari Senin), jam 9 pagi sampai jam 4 sore.
Kementerian Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia

Kementerian Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia (disingkat Kemenbud) adalah kementerian dalam Pemerintahan Indonesia yang bertugas untuk menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang objek pemajuan kebudayaan, cagar budaya, dan kebudayaan lainnya. Kementerian Kebudayaan dipimpin oleh Menteri Kebudayaan (Menbud) yang sejak 21 Oktober 2024 dijabat oleh Fadli Zon.
Untuk mendukung pelaksanaan tugasnya, kementerian ini juga memiliki Unit Pelaksana Teknis (UPT) berupa 23 Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan yang tersebar di seluruh Indonesia dan 1 Balai Media Kebudayaan, serta 1 Badan Layanan Umum (BLU) Museum dan Cagar Budaya (Indonesian Heritage Agency).
Wacana pembentukan Kementerian Kebudayaan Indonesia dikemukakan sejak tahun 1945, sejumlah budayawan, seniman, dan tokoh masyarakat menggelar musyawarah kebudayaan pada bulan Desember di Sukabumi, Jawa Barat.
Nomenklatur Kebudayaan dipergunakan pertama kali dalam Kabinet Syahrir III sebagai bagian dari Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Sejak itu, perihal kebudayaan menjadi tanggung jawab Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Dalam Kabinet Dwikora II sempat dibentuk Kementerian Kebudayaan yang berdiri sendiri namun kembali dileburkan bersama Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan pada periode-periode selanjutnya. Dalam Kabinet Pembangunan VI, tanggung jawab kebudayaan disatukan kedalam Kementerian Pariwisata dan berlangsung hingga Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu II, setelahnya tanggung jawab kebudayaan kembali menjadi bagian Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi.
Presiden Prabowo Subianto berencana untuk membentuk Kementerian Kebudayaan dalam kampanyenya. Setelah terpilih, janji tersebut diwujudkan dengan menunjuk Fadli Zon sebagai Menteri Kebudayaan ke-2.
Kementerian mempunyai tugas menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang kebudayaan untuk membantu Presiden dalam menyelenggarakan pemerintahan negara. Kementerian menyelenggarakan fungsi:
Susunan organisasi Kementerian Kebudayaan berdasarkan Permenbud No. 1 Tahun 2024 terdiri atas:
Unsur Pemimpin
Unsur Pembantu Pemimpin
Unsur Pengawas
Unsur Pelaksana
Unsur Pendukung
Staf Ahli
Daftar Warisan Budaya Takbenda UNESCO

Daftar Warisan Budaya Takbenda UNESCO (bahasa Inggris: UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists) adalah program UNESCO yang bertujuan menjamin visibilitas yang lebih baik bagi warisan budaya takbenda dan kesadaran akan nilai pentingnya. Melalui sebuah ikhtisar berbagai kekayaan lisan dan takbenda umat manusia di seluruh dunia, program ini bertujuan menarik perhatian tentang pentingnya melindungi warisan takbenda yang telah diidentifikasi UNESCO sebagai komponen penting dan suatu kumpulan keragaman budaya dan ekspresi kreatif.
Karya budaya yang masuk ke dalam Daftar Warisan Budaya Takbenda UNESCO (UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List) tidak hanya sekadar mendapatkan pengakuan dari dunia. Namun, bagi negara pengusul menjadi lebih bertanggung jawab untuk mengelola objek kebudayaan tersebut. Suatu objek Warisan Budaya Takbenda yang telah diakui oleh UNESCO, tidak hanya memiliki unsur masterpiece juga mempunyai nilai dalam kehidupan manusia pendukungnya. Diharapkan setelah ditetapkan, objek kebudayaan tersebut dikelola dengan baik dan memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat luas.
Program ini dimulai tahun 2008, setelah berlakunya Konvensi untuk Perlindungan Warisan Budaya Takbenda. Sebelumnya, sebuah proyek yang disebut Karya Agung Budaya Lisan dan Takbenda Warisan Manusia telah aktif dalam mengenali nilai-nilai takbenda seperti tradisi, adat istiadat, dan bangunan tempat ruang budaya, beserta tokoh-tokoh utama setempat yang melestarikan bentuk-bentuk ekspresi budaya tersebut. Identifikasi Karya Agung juga melibatkan komitmen dari negara-negara untuk mempromosikan dan melindungi kekayaan-kekayaan budaya miliknya, sementara UNESCO membiayai rencana-rencana konservasi. Seluruhnya sudah ada tiga kali pengumuman Karya Agung Budaya Lisan dan Takbenda Warisan Manusia. Pengumuman pertama dilakukan pada tahun 2001, dan dilakukan dua tahun sekali hingga tahun 2005, dengan total 90 bentuk-bentuk warisan takbenda dari seluruh dunia.
Kesembilan puluh Karya Agung yang telah diumumkan sebelumnya dimasukkan ke dalam Daftar Representatif Budaya Takbenda Warisan Manusia sebagai entri-entri pertama yang disebut mata budaya. Mata budaya selanjutnya akan ditambahkan setelah diselesaikannya penilaian nominasi yang diajukan negara-negara anggota UNESCO. Setiap negara anggota UNESCO berhak mengajukan satu berkas pencalonan, selain pencalonan yang dilakukan atas nama multinasional. Sebuah dewan pakar mengenai warisan tak benda dan sebuah dewan bernama Komite Antarpemerintah untuk Perlindungan Warisan Budaya Takbenda memeriksa setiap nominasi sebelum secara resmi memasukkannya ke dalam Daftar Karya Agung.
Pada 30 September 2009 ditambahkan lagi 76 mata budaya selama berlangsungnya sidang keempat Komite.
Dari tiga kali pengumuman Karya Agung Budaya Lisan dan Takbenda Warisan Manusia oleh UNESCO terlihat kecenderungan peningkatan dalam jumlah kandidat yang diajukan oleh negara anggota, serta jumlah Karya Agung yang ditetapkan UNESCO:
Karya Agung dari kawasan Asia dan Pasifik mencakup hampir sepertiga dari daftar. Republik Rakyat Tiongkok adalah negara peserta dengan jumlah Karya Agung terbanyak.
Tari muji bakul

Tari muji bakul adalah salah satu nama tarian tradisional yang digarap oleh Sanggar Tari Bujang Sebeji. Tarian ini pertama kali dipertunjukkan dalam lomba tari Dayak pada Pekan Dayak Gawai di Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat.
The Dayak tribe is one of the tribes that inhabit the island of Borneo. Not only in Indonesia, some Dayak people are known to live in Sarawak and Sabah, Malaysia. A number of sources note that the Dayak tribe has around 405 sub-tribes with customs and cultures that are similar to one another. Since ancient times, the Dayak tribe has been known for its cultural characteristics. Both from traditional clothes, traditional houses, to dances that have an interesting philosophical meaning to learn. Especially for dances, there are quite a lot of Dayak dances.
Gawai Dayak Week (PGD) XI Year 2022 Sekadau The district is revamping after two years of absence due to the pandemic. XI Opening Ceremony Gawai Dayak Week was held on Wednesday (13/07/2022) at the Betang Youth Center Building, Jalan Panglima Naga, Kelurahan Sekadau Hilir, Sekadau Administrative Region. The Gawai IX Dayak Week event was held for 4 days from 13 to 16 July 2022, the activity began with a cultural parade which was enlivened by many participants in traditional Dayak costumes and student representatives from several schools in Sekadau Hilir. The regional opening ceremony was then continued with traditional rituals and bamboo cutting by the ruler of Sekadau Aron before entering the PID area and drinking a glass of palm wine typical of Dayak Sekadau. Pekan Gawai Dayak is a celebration and cultural festival held annually by the Dayak tribe of Kalimantan to thank the Dayak traditional creators for their bountiful harvests. This festival has also become a tradition from the past until now. This year's Dayak Gawai Week was enlivened with various activities including cultural performances, bachelor election, Pangkak lace contest, Dayak creative dance competition and many other activities.
Highlighting the cultural diversity of the indigenous Dayak tribe living in the jungles of Borneo, 31st Celebration. Gawai Dayak Week 2016 will be held on 20-27 May 2016 in Pontianak, the capital city of West Kalimantan, with a focus on traditional Dayak longhouses at Rumah Radakng Jalan Sutan Syahrir, Pontianak. As in previous years, the event features their native traditional rituals and ceremonies, a colorful cultural parade through the town and competitions in traditional games and crafts including traditional chopstick hunting, traditional spinning. (Ppangk Atas), tattoo painting, wood carving, traditional shield painting, bead weaving competition and many more. The specialty of this year's festival is also the unique and interesting pig competition. To make it even more difficult, the pigs were greased, making them slippery and even more difficult to catch. During Gawai Dayak week there are also traditional crafts and culinary performances, art performances, fashion shows for Dayak traditional clothing and Dayak cloth trends, traditional dances, traditional Dayak singing competitions and of course the Bujang Dara Gawai beauty contest.
Benda

Benda adalah suatu kata yang dalam penggunaannya sering dapat dipetukarkan dengan kata-kata semisal 'objek', 'materi', 'zat' dan 'barang'.
Kata benda (nomina) adalah jenis kata dalam Bahasa Indonesia yang dapat diterangkan menggunakan jenis kata-kata lain, misalnya kata sifat dan kata sandang. Contoh penggunaan misalnya
Kata 'mobil' termasuk dalam jenis kata benda, sedangkan kata 'merah' termasuk dalam jenis kata sifat. Dalam contoh di atas, kata sifat 'merah' menerangkan kata benda 'mobil'. Kata 'benda' sendiri termasuk dalam kata-kata yang berjenis kata benda.
Kata 'benda' digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang nyata secara fisis, yang dapat dibedakan menjadi benda hidup dan benda mati. Benda mati dapat dibedakan dari wujudnya, yaitu padat, cair dan gas (dewasa ini mungkin dapat ditambahkan dengan plasma). Untuk benda mati, benda di sini dapat disetarakan dengan zat. Sedangkan benda hidup lebih dikenal sebagai makhluk hidup dengan ciri-ciri makhluk hidup.
Dalam ilmu fisika, benda digunakan untuk menggantikan objek (bahasa Inggris: object), akan tetapi dewasa ini telah digunakan kata serapan objek. Suatu contoh tipikal soal fisika, misalnya:
Kadang 'benda' dapat dipetukarkan dengan 'materi' tetapi hanya dalam hal-hal tertentu. Bila keduanya dipergunakan bersamaan, maka 'benda' berkedudukan lebih umum dari 'materi', contoh penggunaan:
Benda dapat juga disetarakan dengan barang, contoh dalam hal ini adalah benda-benda berharga, setara dengan barang-barang berharga.
Penggunaan benda dalam bahasa berkembang lebih lanjut sehingga dapat pula digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang tidak nyata secara fisis, dalam hal ini dikatakan sebagai suatu benda yang abstrak. Contoh di sini adalah penggunaan benda dalam kata majemuk benda gaib atau benda sakti, misalnya.
Dewasa ini penggunaan kata ganti untuk suatu objek tidak lagi menggunakan 'benda', melainkan barang, walaupun sebenarnya dapat digunakan kedua-duanya, misalnya dalam kalimat:
Untuk objek arkeologi digunakan juga kata 'benda purbakala'.
Apabila kata 'benda' dan 'barang' digunakan bersamaan, terdapat perbedaan nuansa penggunaan. Misalnya dalam suatu pameran, benda-benda yang dipamerkan adalah objek dari pameran tersebut, sedangkan barang-barang pemeran adalah objek secara keseluruhan (perlengkapan, ruang, dan lainnya, termasuk pula objek yang dipamerkan). Dalam hal ini 'barang' lebih umum dari 'benda'. Atau bisa juga dalam kalimat:
Dalam ilmu ekonomi untuk sesuatu yang digunakan sebagai agunan atau jaminan dapat dibedakan atas benda bergerak dan benda tidak bergerak.
Benda dapat juga berfungsi sebagai komponen-komponen penyusun, misalnya dalam kalimat:
Pussy

Pussy digunakan sebagai kata benda, kata sifat, dan sebagai kata kerja (dalam kasus yang jarang) dalam bahasa Inggris. Kata ini memiliki beberapa arti, sebagai bahasa gaul, eufemisme, dan bahasa vulgar. Pussy paling umum digunakan sebagai kata benda, yang berarti "kucing", serta "pengecut atau lemah (sebagai cercaan untuk perempuan atau laki-laki banci)", dan juga bermakna "vulva manusia atau vagina". Karena banyaknya makna, termasuk konotasi polos dan vulgar, kata pussy sering kali bermakna ganda dan ambigu. Kata ini kurang umum digunakan sebagai kata kerja, yaitu dalam suatu bentuk kata bermakna ganda, yang artinya "hubungan seksual dengan seorang perempuan".
Etimologi kata tersebut tidak sepenuhnya jelas. Beberapa arti kata yang berbeda memiliki sejarah atau asal yang berbeda.
Dalam bahasa Inggris modern, penggunaan kata pussy untuk merujuk pada perempuan dianggap menghina dan merendahkan, serta memperlakukan perempuan sebagai objek seksual. Sebagai referensi untuk alat kelamin atau hubungan seksual, kata itu tetap dianggap vulgar. Sebuah penelitian menemukan bahwa kata tersebut lebih sering digunakan dalam percakapan di antara laki-laki daripada dalam kelompok perempuan atau kelompok laki-laki-perempuan, meskipun subjek melaporkan menggunakan kata vagina lebih sering daripada istilah kasar lain untuk alat kelamin perempuan.
Pemancingan magnet

Pemancingan magnet, juga disebut pemancingan magnetis (bahasa Inggris: magnet fishing), adalah pencarian benda-benda feromagnetik di perairan dengan menggunakan magnet neodimium yang kuat.
Hobi ini merupakan kombinasi dari pelestarian lingkungan hidup dan berburu harta karun. Magnet yang digunakan cukup kuat untuk mengangkat puing-puing dan sampah berukuran besar seperti sepeda bekas, senjata api, brankas, bom, granat, koin dan pelek mobil dari badan air. Namun, banyak orang yang menekuni hobi ini juga berharap untuk menemukan barang langka dan berharga.
Diperkirakan bawah kegiatan memancing dengan magnet awalnya dilakukan oleh pelaut menggunakan magnet untuk menemukan kunci yang jatuh di air.
Hobi ini juga ditekuni oleh oleh beberapa selebriti, seperti pemain rugby Inggris James Haskell.
Tergantung pada yurisdiksi dan hukum yang berlaku, benda berharga yang ditemukan mungkin merupakan milik pemerintah setempat, bukan milik penemunya.
Penetrasi seksual

Penetrasi seksual adalah penyisipan suatu bagian tubuh atau benda lain ke dalam lubang pada tubuh, seperti mulut, atau vagina sebagai bagian dari aktivitas seksual manusia atau perilaku seksual pada hewan.
Istilah ini paling sering digunakan dalam statuta konteks pelarangan aktivitas seksual tertentu. Istilah seperti "hubungan seksual" atau "pengetahuan jasmani" lebih umum ditemukan dalam undang-undang lama, sementara banyak undang-undang pidana modern menggunakan istilah "penetrasi seksual" karena istilah tersebut mencakup secara luas (kecuali jika memenuhi syarat lain) segala bentuk aktivitas penetrasi seksual termasuk dengan jari atau dengan suatu benda, dan mungkin hanya melibatkan penetrasi yang paling minimal. Beberapa yurisdiksi menyebut beberapa bentuk penetrasi sebagai "tindakan tidak pantas", atau terminologi lain.
Ketika penis dimasukkan ke dalam vagina, umumnya disebut seks vagina, hubungan vagina, atau seks penis-dalam-vagina. Penetrasi seks oral mungkin melibatkan penetrasi mulut dengan penis (fellatio) atau penggunaan lidah untuk menembus vagina atau vulva (cunnilingus). Lidah juga bisa menjilat anus selama anilingus . Jika satu atau lebih jari yang digunakan untuk memasukkan ke salah satu lubang vital maka itu disebut fingering atau penetrasi menggunakan jari. Memasukkan suatu benda seperti dildo, vibrator, atau mainan seks lainnya ke dalam area alat kelamin seseorang juga dapat dianggap sebagai penetrasi seksual.
Bingkisan

Bingkisan merujuk pada barang atau benda apapun yang dibungkus untuk berbagai tujuan. Dalam arti modern, bingkisan merujuk pada barang , benda, atau peranti pemberian sebagai tanda bakti, hormat, dsb yang dibungkus, ditata dan dikemas sedimikian rupa dalam kotak, wadah atau keranjang agar terlihat menarik. Dalam penggunaan terkini, bingkisan dapat dibungkus tanpa kotak, wadah atau keranjang dan dapat dibungkus dengan hanya menggunaan plastik, kertas dan sebagainya.
Terdapat tradisi panjang kedermawanan dan amal komunitas dan sosial terkait dengan, di mana orang atau kelompok masyarakat menyumbangkan kepada orang-orang yang membutuhkan sebungkus makanan, pakaian, perlengkapan mandi, produk pembersih, atau kebutuhan rumah tangga lainnya, untuk membantu perekonomian keluarga mereka.
Hingga pertengahan abad ke-20, dalam tradisi Barat, bingkisan adalah keranjang yang dapat dibawa oleh pemberi dan diserahkan secara fisik kepada penerima. Hal ini membatasi besarnya hadiah untuk bahan makanan paling lama beberapa hari, atau kebutuhan lainnya selama satu hingga dua minggu. Keranjang itu sendiri merupakan barang yang berguna di sekitar rumah atau pertanian, dan kain apa pun yang membungkus makanan atau pelapis keranjang juga dapat digunakan oleh keluarga penerima.
Belakangan ini, bingkisan kemungkinan besar berupa kantong plastik atau kantong serat akrilik dengan ukuran yang bisa dibawa-bawa, berisi barang-barang kaleng atau kemasan. Keranjang Natal kemungkinan besar lebih besar dan berisi makanan atau mainan pesta atau perayaan. Bingkisan juga bisa berisi makanan-makanan terkait hari raya.
Organisasi amal (baik organisasi sekuler maupun keagamaan) seperti Smith Family, Salvation Army, dan Foodbank mengumpulkan sumbangan makanan, mainan, dan hadiah untuk dibagikan kepada orang-orang yang membutuhkan pada hari Natal. Tradisi undian daging yang populer di Australia digantikan dengan bingkisan makanan dan mainan Natal amal di sebagian besar klub dan pub lokal mulai akhir November.
Laung Kuning Banjar

Laung Kuning Banjar (atau yang disingkat sebagai LKB) atau dikenal dengan sebutan Pasukan Laung Kuning Banjar adalah organisasi kemasyarakatan (ormas) adat Banjar yang bergerak di bidang pelestarian adat dan budaya. Laung Kuning Banjar berusaha mempertahankan kelestarian adat Banjar dan pengakuan hukum terhadap masyarakat adat Banjar.
Laung Kuning Banjar (LKB) yang dipimpin Amat Baday memiliki 20 ribuan anggota yang tersebar di seluruh Kalimantan berkomitmen mengawal Pancasila dan UUD 1945, serta mendukung kebijakan di masa pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo membangun IKN Nusantara dengan mempersiapkan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) penduduk asli Kalimantan.
Sesuai dengan visi misinya yaitu mempertahankan kelestarian adat Banjar, Laung Kuning Banjar aktif menampilkan kesenian tradisional Banjar dalam berbagai acara, seperti Kuntau, Madihin, Musik Panting, Lagu Banjar, ritual adat Banjar dan tari-tari tradisional Banjar.
Kuntau yaitu seni bela diri tradisonal Banjar yang biasa ditampilkan dalam berbagai acara seperti perkawinan, festival atau acara seremonial di bidang pemerintahan. Laung Kuning Banjar aktif mengangkat seni bela diri kuntau berbagai festival budaya yang diselenggarakan di Kalimantan.
Madihin (berasal dari kata madah dalam bahasa Arab yang berarti "nasihat", tetapi bisa juga berarti "pujian") adalah sebuah genre puisi dari suku Banjar. Puisi rakyat anonim bergenre Madihin ini hanya ada di kalangan etnis Banjar di Kalimantan Selatan saja. Sehubungan dengan itu, definisi Madihin dengan sendirinya tidak dapat dirumuskan dengan cara mengadopsinya dari khasanah di luar folklor Banjar.
Musik Panting adalah kesenian musik asli dari Suku Banjar di Kalimantan Selatan. Alat musik utama dalam musik Panting adalah alat musik petik yang disebut panting. Musik Panting termasuk dalam musik jenis kordofon dengan tangga nada diatonik.
Keris bahari

A Keris Bahari (or "Bahari kris") is a long version of a kris dagger mainly used in Sumatra. It is also called Keris panjang (meaning, "Long kris"). Keris bahari is dubbed by European people as "Sumatran rapier kris" or "execution kris".
Keris bahari evolved from the original kris, which is a dagger. As men fought, they needed a weapon with greater reach, and kris became longer and heavier. Two forms then evolved: The first is rapier kris (keris bahari), and the second is broadsword kris (sundang). Because the blade became longer, the handle had to be straightened to balance it.
The hilt of keris bahari is made of horn, sometimes of silver and fish ivory, usually beautifully carved. The shape of the hilt is straight or slightly curving at the end. The sheath tip is usually rounded, but if cased in silver it often has square tip. The blade of keris bahari is long and narrow. Keris bahari is classified to 3 type depending on the length: The longest is called keris panjang, the medium keris alang, and the shortest, keris pendek.
The execution by kris is called hukuman salang. Salang is synonymous with keris panjang. The executioner made the victim to squat then drove the keris panjang from certain spot inside his collar bone down to the heart.
List of premodern combat weapons

This is a list of notable types of weapons that were used in warfare, and more broadly in combat, prior to the advent of the early modern period, i.e., approximately prior to the start of the 16th century. It therefore excludes objects that may be broadly understood as weapons but are not combat weapons, such as ceremonial weapons and ritual tools shaped or conceptualized as weapons, hunting weapons, and other items that may be perceived as weapons but for which there is no historical evidence of their use in combat during the relevant period.
The entries are grouped according to their uses, with similar weapons categorized together. Some weapons may fit more than one category (e.g. the spear may be used either as a polearm or as a projectile), and the earliest gunpowder weapons that fill within this period are also included.
Single-handed weapons not resembling a straight dagger blade, usually wielded without wrist action; often protects the forearm.
Thrusting and cutting weapons for melee combat. Col. D.H. Gordon's classification has been used where applicable.
Delineated as 20-28 inches/51–71 cm total length.
Curved shortswords include the following:
Straight shortswords include the following:
Generally, convex blades used for heavy chopping or slashing.
Generally short, concave blades used for heavy cutting.
Usually wielded with one or two hands at close quarters with striking motions, although some sharp-pointed truncheons like the sai were more often used for stabbing.
Wielded mainly with two hands. Primarily for hand-to-hand combat with sweeping, thrusting, and or hooking motions.
Used for whipping.
Having multiple handles or holdable sections.
Having a heavy object attached to a flexible chain or rope. Wielded by swinging, throwing, or projecting the end, as well as wrapping, striking, and blocking with the chain or rope, sometimes attached to another type of weapon.
Used not only to block strikes and missiles but also swung outwardly (or in quick upward motions) to strike an opponent. Also used to rush an opponent (known as shield bashing). Some shields had spikes, sharp edges, or other offensive designs.
All could be used as spears, but were designed and primarily used for throwing.
Could also be used as axe weapons, but were specifically designed for throwing.
This section includes ballistic (missile-launching) siege engines and similar larger ballistic devices which were either stationary, mounted on moving objects such as carts or elephants, or wheeled.
Swords
Kujang (weapon)

The kujang is a bladed weapon native to the Sundanese people of Indonesia. The earliest kujang made is from around the 8th or 9th century. It is forged out of iron, steel, and pattern welding steel with a length of approximately 20–25 cm and weighs about 300 grams. According to Sanghyang siksakanda ng karesian canto XVII, the kujang was the weapon of farmers and has its roots in agricultural use. It is thought to have originated from its predecessor, a kudi. The kujang is one of the traditional weapons in the Sundanese school of pencak silat. The kujang, like the keris, is a blade of sentimental and spiritual value to the people of Indonesia.
Characteristics of a kujang include a cutting edge and other parts such as papatuk / congo the tip of the blade, eluk / silih the bulging curve at the base of the blade, tadah the inward curve at the belly of the blade, and mata small holes on the blade that are covered with gold or silver. Apart from its unique characteristics that tend to be thin, the material is dry, porous and contains many natural metal elements.
In Bogor poem as it is spoken by Anis Djatisunda (1996–2000), the kujang has many functions and shapes. Based on functions there are four of them namely, kujang pusaka (symbol of grandeur and safety protection), kujang pakarang (warfare), kujang pangarak (ceremonial), and kujang pamangkas (agricultural tool). As for the shapes, there is the kujang jago (shape of a rooster), kujang ciung (shape of a Javan cochoa bird), kujang kuntul (shape of an egret bird), kujang badak (shape of a rhinoceros), kujang naga (shape of a mythical dragon), and kujang bangkong (shape of a frog). Apart from that, there are shapes of the kujang blade that resemble female characters of wayang kulit as a symbol of fertility.
Types of swords

This is a list of types of swords.
The term sword used here is a narrow definition. This is not a general List of premodern combat weapons and does not include the machete, macuahuitl or similar "sword-like" weapons.
Swords and knives found in Southeast Asia are influenced by Indian, Chinese, Middle Eastern, and European forms.
The Ancient Greeks and Romans also introduced various types of swords, see #Ancient Europe.
All of the Islamic world during the 16th to 18th century, including the Ottoman Empire and Persia were influenced by the "scimitar" type of single-edged curved sword. Via the Mameluke sword this also gave rise to the European cavalry sabre.
Terms for the "scimitar" curved sword:
List of martial arts

There are many distinct styles and schools of martial arts. Sometimes, schools or styles are introduced by individual teachers or masters, or as a brand name by a specific gym. Martial arts can be grouped by type or focus, or alternatively by regional origin. This article focuses on the latter grouping of these unique styles of martial arts.
For Hybrid martial arts, as they originated from the late 19th century and especially after 1950, it may be impossible to identify unique or predominant regional origins. It is not trivial to distinguish "traditional" from "modern" martial arts. Chronology is not the decisive criterion, as, for example, "traditional" Taekwondo was developed in the 1950s, while the "modern" hybrid martial art of Bartitsu was developed c. 1900.
A large portion of traditional martial arts can be categorized as Folk wrestling (see the separate article), although in some cases a folk wrestling style and a modern combat sport may overlap or become indistinguishable from each other once the sport has been regulated.
Special Silencers

Special Silencers (Indonesian: Serbuan Halilintar) is a 1982 Indonesian martial arts horror exploitation film directed by Arizal and starring Barry Prima, Eva Arnaz and W. D. Mochtar. Prima plays Hendra, a man who arrives at a village where deaths are occurring as a result of red tablets—the titular "special silencers"—supplied by a forest-dwelling mystic; when ingested, the pills cause trees to burst from the consumer's stomach.
The film's titular plot element may have been inspired by the chestburster scene in Alien (1979).
Distributor Mondo Macabro, who released the film on Blu-ray, identifies the film's release date as 1982. Other sources, such as author Pete Tombs, have identified its release date as 1979, but Mondo Macabro essayist Ekky Imanjaya writes, "I've had difficulties finding a valid source on the circulation of Special Silencers in the global film market in 1979. Most probably, it was sold straight to video." The film received distribution across Indonesia in 1982, with cuts made to "sexually suggestive and sadistic scenes" due to censorship.
Special Silencers was released on VHS in the Netherlands in the 1980s. A restoration of the film is set to be released on Blu-ray by Mondo Macabro in April 2024.
In 2015, author Clive Davies called Special Silencers "a ridiculous action/horror crossover [...] Unusual but slow-moving, until the exciting finale involving smelly shoe torture, rats, gore and booby traps."
Lesser ritual of the pentagram

The Lesser Ritual of the Pentagram (or LRP) is a ceremonial magic ritual devised and used by the original order of the Golden Dawn that has become a mainstay in modern occultism. This ritual is considered by many to be a basic preliminary to any other magical work, so much that it was the only ritual, besides initiation rituals, taught to members of the Golden Dawn before they advanced to the Inner Order.
There are two forms of the ritual, the Lesser Banishing Ritual of the Pentagram (LBRP), and the Lesser Invoking Ritual of the Pentagram (LIRP).
The ritual is highly dynamic, using gesture, visualization and the pronunciation of certain words of power, combining prayer and invocation as well as clearing and preparing a space for further magical or meditative work.
The banishing ritual is perceived as banishing any chaotic or impure forms of the elements from the magician's circle by tracing the pentagrams in the air and by the power of certain divine names. The invoking ritual is perceived to invoke pure forms of the elements.
This is followed by an evocation of the archangels ruling the elements to fortify and guard the circle. These archangels are connected to the classical elements via the astrological symbolism of the biblical four living creatures: "Michael is the 'lion-headed', Raphael the "human-headed", Uriel the "bull-headed", and Gabriel the "eagle-headed". This symbolism connects Michael with the astrological sign Leo and the classical element of fire, Raphael with Aquarius and the element of air, Uriel with Taurus and the element of earth, and Gabriel with Scorpio and the element of water.
One contemporary book on ceremonial magic advises using only the banishing version for the first few months of ceremonial practice:
The ritual has an invoking counterpart, the Lesser Invoking Ritual of the Pentagram. Together, they are sometimes known as the Lesser Ritual of the Pentagram. Many ceremonial magicians perform the banishing version daily, and some perform both the invoking and banishing versions.
In its more elaborate forms, modern practitioners sometimes include the following:
Often, however, no special equipment or clothing is used.
The Golden Dawn LBRP consists of three main parts. Though practices vary, the general outline of the LBRP is below:
All of the following books contain some variation of the Lesser Banishing Ritual of the Pentagram, its history, instructions on performance and/or commentary on the ritual.
Unity Park

Unity Park (Amharic: አንድነት ፓርክ) is an amusement park located in Arat Kilo district of Addis Ababa, in the compound of National Palace. Established in October 2019, it features a zoo and historical artifacts. Admission may be purchased by online services such as Ethio telecom or using Commercial Bank of Ethiopia or in person in the compound premises.
Inaugurated on October 10, 2019, it is part of the beautification project of Addis Ababa. Unity Park's attractions include historical artifacts and a focus on Ethiopian culture. There are 37 mammals, including giraffe, zebra, Gelada baboon, kudu, Impalas, common eland, gemsbok, meerkat, cheetah, African wild dogs, nyala, and wildebeest, as well as thirteen species of aquatic animals, and various indigenous birds in the aviary.
The park also exhibits historical artifacts ranging from simple objects to relics from ancient civilizations. Every artifacts is made of gold, from Emperor Haile Selassie throne to simple restaurant materials. There are also religious books written in Amharic, English and Ge'ez languages. These books can be used for research and study worldwide.
Unity Park is open for six days per week (tues-sun) starting from 9 am to 4 pm afternoon. It is closed on Mondays for cleaning.
Admission must be purchased before visiting the park. Payment may be made via SMS, online via Ethio telecom, or via Commercial Bank of Ethiopia.
National Museum of History

The National Museum of History (NMH; Chinese: 國立歷史博物館; pinyin: Guólì Lìshǐ Bówùguǎn) is located in the Nanhai Academy in Zhongzheng District, Taipei, Taiwan. After the Republic of China government moved to Taiwan, the National Museum of History was the first museum to be established in Taiwan.
A "National Museum of Historical Artifacts and Fine Arts" was established in a Japanese style building near the Taipei Botanical Garden in 1955. It was renamed "National Museum of History" in 1956 and the building was renovated in a five-floor traditional Chinese Ming and Qing palace style, with four floors for exhibition and staff offices, and one floor for storage. Despite its limited space, the NMH is renowned for its international exhibitions, and proactive and innovative museum development and educational programs. Various conversions of the building have been carried out over the years to adapt it as a modern space fit for the newest exhibition facilities and requirements.
The NMH's collection originally comprised the artifacts of the Henan Museum that were relocated to Taiwan in 1949, and of relics recovered from the Japanese after the Sino-Japanese War. It was named the National Museum of History in 1949 and the Chinese calligraphy title inscription was completed by famous scholar Yu Youren. The collection included bronzes unearthed in Xinzheng, Hui and Anyang (in Henan Province), Pre-Qin pottery unearthed in Luoyang, Han green-glazed pottery, dancer and musician figurines of the Six Dynasties, Tang tri-colored pottery, and more. The arrival of allocated artifacts and donations from private collectors gradually enriched the museum's collection and enlarged its archives.
In July 2018 the museum was closed for renovations and reopened on 21 February 2024.
The museum collections continued to grow with annual acquisitions obtained with government procurement budget allocations and donations from private collectors. The annual acquisitions provided the museum with artifacts and relics from mainland China, Taiwan, and other countries. The collections dated back to the Neolithic period, the ancient Chinese dynasties of Shang, Zhou, Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing, to the contemporary era.
The National Museum of History has its branch in Terminal 1 building of the Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport in Taoyuan City.
The museum is accessible within walking distance South of Xiaonanmen Station or Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall metro station of the Taipei Metro.
Source
Bank Indonesia Museum, Surabaya

Bank Indonesia Museum (Indonesian: Museum Bank Indonesia) is a bank museum located in Surabaya, Indonesia. It was officially founded by Bank Indonesia and was opened on 27 January 2012 after its restoration. The museum occupies a building formerly known as De Javasche Bank, the central bank of Dutch East Indies. After the Indonesian Independence the building continued to function as the Bank Indonesia's branch in Surabaya until 1973. The museum is closed on Monday and public holidays. It has no entrance fee.
De Javasche Bank opened a branch in Surabaya on 14 September 1829. By 1904 the original building that occupied the plot was demolished and was rebuilt with an area of 1,000 square metres. It was designed in a similar manner to De Javasche Bank headquarter in Batavia, with Neo-Renaissance architecture and Javanese adornment.
The museum has 3 floors and displays the history of the banking system in Indonesia, old photos of Surabaya and old currencies. The museum display is divided into 3 rooms:
Media related to Bank Indonesia Museum, Surabaya at Wikimedia Commons
Is This Thing On?

Is This Thing On? is an upcoming American comedy film directed by Bradley Cooper and starring Will Arnett and Laura Dern, with Cooper in a supporting role.
After many years together, Alex and Tess have reached an amicable end to their marriage, thus beginning the awkward stage of figuring out how to live separately while raising two boys and maintaining their friendships. Alex discovers a new hobby and, in the process, learns more about himself and his relationship.
It was announced in June 2023 that Bradley Cooper would be directing a film, which he would star in alongside Will Arnett. Arnett would co-write the screenplay alongside Mark Chappell. Emily Blunt was reported as being part of the cast later that month. In December 2024, Sean Hayes joined the cast. In February 2025, Cooper announced Laura Dern and Andra Day as part of the cast, in addition to announcing he would also serve as the B camera operator for the film.
Principal photography was scheduled to begin in September 2024 in Los Angeles. Filming reportedly began by January 2025 in New York City.
What Is This Thing Called Love?

"What Is This Thing Called Love?" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical Wake Up and Dream. It was originally published by Harms and first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's most often played compositions.
Wake Up and Dream ran for 263 shows in London. The show was also noticed in New York, and the critics praised Tilly Losch's performance of the song. The show was produced on Broadway in December 1929; in the American rendition, "What Is This Thing Called Love" was sung by Frances Shelley.
Jazz musicians soon included the song in their repertoire. The recordings of Ben Bernie and Fred Rich (vocal by The Rollickers) made it to the charts in 1930, and the song was also recorded by stride pianist James P. Johnson, clarinetist Artie Shaw and guitarist Les Paul. The piece is usually performed at a fast tempo; the 1956 recording of Clifford Brown and Max Roach with Sonny Rollins is one of the best-known uptempo instrumental versions. Saxophonist Sidney Bechet made a slow rendition in 1941 with Charlie Shavers.
What Is This Thing Called Science?

What Is This Thing Called Science? (1976) is a best-selling textbook by Alan Chalmers.
The book is a guide to the philosophy of science which outlines the shortcomings of naive empiricist accounts of science, and describes and assesses modern attempts to replace them. The book is written with minimal use of technical terms. What Is This Thing Called Science? was first published in 1976, and has been translated into many languages.
Megawati Soekarnoputri

Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Soekarnoputri (lair ing Yogyakarta tanggal 23 Januari 1947) iku Présidhèn Indonésia wiwit 23 Juli 2001-20 Oktober 2004. Megawati minangka présidhèn wanita pisanan lan présidhèn kalima ing Indonésia. Jenengé kondhang minangka Megawati Soekarnoputri utawa Megawati. Tanggal 20 September 2004, Megawati kalah sajeroning babak kapindho pemilu présidhèn 2004. Megawati dadi présidhèn sawisé MPR nganakaké Sidang Istimewa ing taun 2001. Sidang Istimewa MPR dianakaké kanggo nanggepi langkah Présidhèn Abdurrahman Wahid sing bakal mbekokaké lembaga MPR/DPR lan Parté Golkar. Megawati dilantik tanggal 23 Juli 2001. Sadurungé wiwit taun 1999-2001, Megawati dadi Wakil Présidhèn.
Cithakan:Wakil Présidhèn Indonésia
Kabinèt Gotong Royong

Kabinèt Gotong Royong iku Kabinèt papréntahan Présidhèn RI kalima Megawati Sukarnoputri (2001-2004). Kabinèt iki dilantik ing taun 2001 lan mangsa baktiné rampung ing taun 2004. Susunan lengkap Kabinèt iki:
Jeneng Jawa

Jeneng Jawa iku cara pawèwèh jeneng kang dianut déning wong Jawa lan suku liya kang kaprabawan déning budaya Jawa, kaya déné wong Cina Jawa. Wong Jawa akèh kang mung nganggo siji jeneng nanging ana uga sawatara wong Jawa kang masang jeneng wong tuwané (bapaké) ing samburiné jenengé.
Jeneng Jawa umumnya asal saka basa Jawa; akèh kang njupuk utawa ngandhut unsur saka basa Sangskerta. Jeneng tembung wiwitan "Su-" lan "Wa-" akèh tinemu ing lingkungan wong Jawa. Saliyané asal saka tembung Jawa lan Sangskerta jeneng Jawa uga kaprabawan déning tembung saka Basa Arab, mligi ing tlatah kang duwé tradhisi Islam kang kuwat, kaya déné ing tlatah pasisir lor Jawa.
Akèh wong Jawa kang mung nganggo jeneng tunggal, tuladhané Présidhèn Indonésia kapisan lan kaloro, Soekarno lan Soeharto. Rakyat biyasa akèh kang mung duwé jeneng tunggal, déné wong-wong kang duwé pangkat utawa kalungguhan dhuwur ing masarakat racaké nganggo jeneng punjul siji, nanging arang kang nganggo jeneng kulawarga.
Amaraga anané prabawa kabudayan njaba, akèh wong kang nambahaké jeneng marang jeneng tunggalé. Tuladhané: Albertus Soegijopranoto, biskop Indonesia sepisanan, migunakaké asma baptis Albertus ing sangarepé asmané, Soegijopranoto.
Jeneng patronimik iku jeneng ngarep bapaké kang dipasang ing jeneng anaké. Tuladhané jeneng présidhèn Indonésia angka 4, Abdurrahman Wahid, kang dijupuk saka Wahid Hasyim, bapaké, kang njupuk saka Hasyim Asyari, (kang ngadegaké organissi pendiri Nahdlatul Ulama). Semono uga jeneng présidhèn Indonésia angka 5, Megawati Sukarnoputri, kang njupuk asma bapaké, Soekarno, présidhèn Indonésia kang kapisan.
Boediono

Prof. Dr. Boediono, M.Ec. (lair ing Blitar, Jawa Wétan, 25 Fèbruari 1943; umur 82 taun) iku Gubernur Bank Indonésia wiwit 17 Mèi 2008 nganti 17 Mèi 2009. Panjenengané mundur saka kalungguhan Gubernur Bank Indonésia amarga dicalonaké minangka Wakil Présidhèn déning Calon Présidhèn Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono sajeroning Pilihan umum Présidhèn Indonésia 2009. Sadurungé njabat Gubernur Bank Indonésia, Boediono njabat Mantri Koordinator Babagan Perekonomian ing Kabinet Indonésia Bersatu (5 Dhésèmber 2005 – 17 Mèi 2008). Boediono uga naté njabat Mantri Keuangan Indonésia ing Kabinet Gotong Royong (2001–2004) nalika mangsa papréntahan Présidhèn Megawati Sukarnoputri. Sadurungé, ing Kabinet Reformasi Pembangunan (1998-1999) pimpinan Présidhèn BJ Habibie, Boediono njabat minangka Mantri Nagara Perencanaan lan Pembangunan Nasional/Kepala Bappenas. Boediono uga naté njabat minangka Direktur Bank Indonésia ing mangsa papréntahan Soeharto. Wektu iki Boediono uga mulang ing Fakultas Ékonomi Universitas Gadjah Mada, ing universitas iki uga Boediono diangkat dadi Guru Besar Asma jejuluk utawa jeneng undang-undangan déning rélasi lan wong-wong sing kerep srawung ya iku The man to get the job done.
Hamzah Haz

Hamzah Haz (lair 15 Fèbruari 1940 – pati 25 Juli 2024 ing umur 84 taun) punika Wakil Présidhèn Républik Indonésia ingkang nomer sanga ingkang njawat wiwit taun 2001 sesarengan kaliyan minggahipun Megawati Soekarnoputri dhumateng kursi Présidhèn Républik Indonésia. Ing parté, Hamzah Haz sapunika njawat minangka Ketua Umum Parté Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP).
Ing Pemilu 2004, Hamzah Haz punika salah satunggiling calon présidhèn. Piyambakipun pasangan kaliyan Agum Gumelar.
Pratélan Wakil Présidhèn Indonésia

Daftar iki, daftar resmi Wakil Présidhèn Indonésia.
Masalah sitiran: Tenger <ref> ana tumrap golongan aran "lower-alpha", nanging tenger <references group="lower-alpha"/> sing magepokan ora ana, utawa </ref> panutup ora ana
Pulitik Indonésia

Politik Indonesia dumadi ing kerangka republik demokratis wakil presiden ing ngendi Présidhèn Indonésia minangka kepala negara lan kepala pamaréntahan lan sistem multi-partai. Kekuwatan eksekutif ditindakake dening pemerintah. Kekuwatan legislatif ana ing pamaréntahan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat bikameral. Institusi Yudikatif independen saka cabang eksekutif lan legislatif. UUD 1945 ngatur pemisahan winates saka kekuwatan eksekutif, legislatif lan yudikatif. Sistem pamaréntahan wis diterangake minangka presidensial kanthi ciri parlementer.
UUD 1945 ngatur pemisahan winates wewenang eksekutif, legislatif lan yudikatif. Sistem pamaréntahan wis diterangake minangka presidensial kanthi ciri parlementer. Sawisé kerusuhan Mei 1998 ing Indonésia lan munduré Présidhèn Soeharto, sawetara informasi politik ditindakake liwat amandemen Konstitusi Indonésia, sing nyebabake owah-owahan ing kabeh cabang pamaréntahan. Unit Intelijen Ekonom menehi rating Indonesia minangka Demokrasi Cacat ing taun 2019. Partai politik Indonesia wis ditondoi minangka partai kartel kanthi distribusi kekuwatan ing antarane partai lan tanggung jawab sing winates kanggo para pamilih.
Kekuwatan eksekutif dipimpin déning Présidhèn Indonésia kang dadi kepala negara lan kepala pamaréntahan. Nalika nindakake tugase, presiden dibantu dening Wakil Presiden Indonesia. Kekuasaan legislatif dumunung ing Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia (MPR) kang kaperang dadi sistim rong kamar, yaiku Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia (DPR) lan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia (DPD). Cabang yudikatif dumadi saka Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia (MA) lan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia (MK) kang bebarengan nyekel wewenang yudikatif. Kekuasaan inspeksi dicekel dening Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan Republik Indonesia sing nduweni perwakilan ing saben provinsi lan kabupaten/kota ing saindhenging tlatah Republik Indonesia.
Pemilu ing Indonesia dianakake saben limang taun bebarengan. Pemilu sing dianakake kanggo milih anggota DPR, anggota DPD, lan anggota DPRD diarani pemilihan umum legislatif (Pileg); kanggo milih presiden lan wakil presiden diarani pemilihan umum presiden (Pilpres); Dene milih kepala daerah diarani Pilkada (Pilkada). Pemilu ing Indonesia netepi sistem multipartai.
Ana bedane sistem politik Indonesia lan negara demokrasi liyane, kalebu anane MPR sing dadi ciri kearifan lokal Indonesia, Mahkamah Konstitusi sing uga nduweni wewenang kanggo ngadili sengketa asil pemilihan umum, wujud negara kesatuan. sing ngetrapake prinsip federalisme kayata DPD, lan sistem multipartai tapel wates karo saben partai sing melu pemilu kudu nyukupi ambang 4% kanggo bisa nyelehake anggotane ing DPR.
Roh Moo-hyun

Roh Moo-hyun (API: [no.mu.hjʌn]) (lair ing Gimhae, Gyeongsang Kidul, Koréa Kidul, 1 Sèptèmber 1946 – pati ing Yangsan, Gyeongsang Kidul, Koréa Kidul, 23 Mèi 2009 ing umur 62 taun) iku Présidhèn Koréa Kidul angka 16. Dhèwèké njabat wiwit 25 Fèbruari 2003 nganti 24 Fèbruari 2008. Sadurungé terjun ing donya pulitik, Roh iku pengacara HAM.
Roh Moo-Hyun tiwas ing umur 62 taun sawisé terjun menyang jurang pagunungan mburi omahé ing désa Bongha. Dhèwèké tatu abot ing pérangan sirah lan dikirim menyang rumah sakit ing Busan watara jam 8:15 a.m. (23:15 GMT) lan dinyatakaké tilar donya watara jam 9:30 a.m. (00:30 GMT). Miturut pengacarané, Roh ninggal cathetan sing njarwakaké uripé "angèl" lan njaluk ngapura wis gawé sengsara wong akèh. Kapulisèn Koréa Kidul sabanjuré negasaké tiwasé Roh.