davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Trosterud skole

Trosterud skole er en 1–7 skole (barneskole), beliggende på Haugerud i bydel Alna i Oslo. Skolen ble etablert i 1970. Arkitekter var Frode Rinnan og Olav Tveten.
Skolen hadde over 1000 elever i sitt første virkeår. Før Lutvann skole åpnet, var skolen overfylt pga. store barnekull, og gymsalen og lokaler ved Haugerud skole, ble brukt som undervisningsrom. Trosterud skoles musikkorps ble stiftet 11. mars 1970.
Skolen fikk i oktober 1972 kunstnerisk utsmykning utført av Siri Aurdal. Skulpturen «Havbølger» var på 12 x 6 m og bestod av glassfiber-armerte polyesterrør satt sammen til bølgende former. Den fungerte som lekeskulptur med plass til 100 barn. Skulpturen er siden demontert.
The Angry Boy

The Angry Boy (Norwegian: Sinnataggen) is a sculpture in the Vigeland installation in Frogner Park, Oslo. It depicts a small, angry boy and is considered Gustav Vigeland's most famous sculpture. The sculpture, cast in bronze, was likely modeled in 1928 and installed as one of 58 sculptures on the "Bridge" in the sculpture park in 1940.
"The Angry Boy" shows a naked, chubby little boy clenching his fists, raising his shoulders and right leg, and screaming in anger while standing on one foot. It is one of four child figures, two boys and two girls, placed in the central section of the Bridge. The statues of children, women, and men on the bridge stand on the railing. "The Angry Boy" is positioned on the corner of the central section facing south. It is about one meter high, including a square base plate measuring 30 x 30 cm. The bridge sculptures were modeled by Vigeland between 1926 and 1933.
Vigeland is said to have drawn the first sketch for "The Angry Boy" as early as 1901. In 1911, he modeled a smaller version of the same motif, making at least four castings. His son inherited this sculpture and made at least ten additional, unauthorized "junior casts" of the same figure.
Initially referred to as "Screaming Boy" (skrikende gutt), the sculpture got the nickname "The Angry Boy" (Sinnataggen) in the 1940s. Vigeland rarely titled his works, allowing for freer interpretation. Over time, "Sinnataggen" became a popular postcard motif among tourists and a sort of mascot for the city of Oslo, similar to the iconic sculptures "The Little Mermaid" in Copenhagen and "Manneken Pis" in Brussels.
Vigeland, Norway

Vigeland is a village in Lindesnes municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located along the river Audna, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the river's mouth at the Snigsfjorden. The European route E39 highway runs east-west through Vigeland, connecting it to the town of Mandal, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the southeast. The 1.19-square-kilometre (290-acre) village has a population (2015) of 1,471 which gives the village a population density of 1,236 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,200/sq mi). Prior to 1 January 2020, the village was the administrative center of Lindesnes municipality.
The village of Vigeland was named for the historic Vigeland farm which was located where the village is now. The farm was first documented in 1390 (Vikinggaland, meaning "Viking land"). The first element is the genitive case of the Old Norse personal name Víkingi meaning "land owned by (the man) Víkingi". The first element could also be the genitive plural case of the Old Norse word víkingr meaning "Viking" but the use of such a name would be a bit obscure.
Valle Church is located on the east side of the Audna river at Vigeland. It is the church for the Valle parish which covers the northeastern half of the municipality. The church has a cruciform shape and was built in 1793. It was internally restored for its 200th anniversary in 1993. A statue created by Gustav Vigeland of Peder Claussøn Friis, who was once a priest in Lindesnes, stands outside the Valle Church rectory.
The family of the artist Gustav Vigeland and his brother Emanuel both originally came from Vigeland. The brothers both lived for a time with their grandparents on a farm called Mjunebrokka in Vigeland. Both of Gustav Vigeland's parents were buried in the Valle Church cemetery.
Niels Onstad

Niels Onstad (26 March 1909 – 17 June 1978) was a Norwegian shipowner and art collector.
Niels Onstad was born in Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway. Onstad played football for SFK Lyn in his younger days. He played as defender on the club's first-team, including a feature in the 1928 Norwegian Football Cup final.
In 1935, together with his brother Haakon Onstad (1901-1980), he started the shipping company, Niels Onstad Tank Rederi A / S, which later was named Niels Onstads Tankrederi with headquarters in Oslo. Haakon Onstad had entered ship owning in 1932 with the Pan Gothia but because of the uncertain financial times the ship was given Swedish registry under Rederi A/B Pagota. In 1940, during the Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, Niels Onstad moved to New York City where he worked for the Norwegian Shipping and Trade Mission (Nortraship). Haakon Onstad relocated to Kungsbacka, Sweden, where he formed Rederi A/B Kungsoil and Rederi A/B Monacus.
In 1956, Niels Onstad married Sonja Henie. Onstad, whose mother had been a painter, had many contacts in the Norwegian art world, including Edvard Munch. Together, Onstad and Henie established the Henie-Onstad Art Centre (Henie Onstad Kunstsenter) at Høvikodden in Bærum southwest of Oslo. The Centre was opened in 1968, with a collection of art, and the building in which it is displayed, donated by the couple.
The ship Susanne Onstad was featured in the movie King Kong from 1976. The Susanne Onstad was the oil tanker that brought King Kong from Skull Island to the USA.
List of artists in the Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide

The List of artists in the Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide is a list of the artists indexed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art museum guide. The guide, with a foreword by the museum director Philippe de Montebello, was first produced in 1983 and the edition from 1994 has been digitized.
This guide was a new pocketbook version of the magazine-format guidebook published in 1972 as Guide to The Metropolitan Museum of Art, edited by Nora Beeson during Thomas Hoving's tenure. That guidebook was the first to include fold-out museum maps of the collection wings. This guide, with color illustrations followed by concise descriptions, was updated in 1983 and 1994 as The Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (edited by Kathleen Howard during Philippe de Montebello tenure), and under the same name in 2012 (edited by Harriet Whelchel, Margaret Aspinwall and Elisa Urbanelli during Thomas P. Campbell tenure).
Montebello claimed that the idea for the guide "to present a profile of the Met in terms of its strengths and weaknesses", came from the museum's senior editor Kathleen Howard in 1978 and took 5 years to make, based on a pocket-sized format inspired by the guidebook from the Germanisches Nationalmuseum of Nuremberg. Montebello drew up a list of 1,200 highlights and these were reconciled with the lists of the curators of the various collection to create 800 objects to be photographed and included. The museum's collections are spread throughout several wings in the Fifth Avenue location in addition to The Cloisters museum and gardens in northern Manhattan. The entire collection houses over two million objects, tens of thousands of which are on view at any given time. The museum guide has been designed to highlight the various major sections based on the importance of their holdings in the "over-all hierarchy of the arts and public response". This explains why European paintings are represented by 87 pages, as opposed to 23 for Egyptian works of art.
In the following list from the index, the artist's name is followed by the location of one of their works and its page number in the guide. For artists with more than one work in the guide, or for works by artists not listed here, see the online guidebook, the Metropolitan Museum of Art website or the corresponding Wikimedia Commons category. Of artists listed, there are only 7 women, including Rosalba Carriera, Mary Cassatt, Louise Bourgeois, Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, Georgia O'Keeffe, Élisabeth Louise Vigée-LeBrun, and Susan Rothenberg. For the complete list of artists and their artworks in the collection, see the website.
Kugel fountain

A kugel fountain (also called a floating sphere fountain or by the pleonasmic name kugel ball) is a water feature or sculpture where a sphere sits in a fitted hollow in a pedestal, and is supported by aquaplaning on a thin film of water. Pressurized water flows between the sphere and socket, creating a mechanical hydrostatic bearing that is nearly frictionless. The sphere can weigh thousands of kilograms, but the efficient bearing allows it to be spun by the force of a hand. The sphere does not float, being denser than water; it is often made from granite. The hydraulics of the fountain can be controlled so that the axis of rotation of the sphere changes continually. Ring sculptures that rotate on an axis are also built.
Kugel fountains can be found all over the world. Many are at popular tourist destinations, such as science museums, shopping centers, lobbies, and gardens.
Kugel is the German word for ball or sphere.
Tryvann Ski Resort

The Oslo Winter Park at Tryvann (Norwegian: Oslo Vinterpark) is a ski resort in Oslo, Norway. It is the most used ski resort of Norway. In the 1930s, the ski slope Tryvannskleiva was constructed, and the first race was held in 1933. The ski slope was later expanded with Tommkleiva, Wyllerløypa and finally with Tryvann Ski Resort. As of winter of 2010, the resort has 14 slopes and 7 lifts. There is only 1.2 km (0.75 mi) walking or bus distance from the Voksenkollen metro station.
List of public art in New York City

Public art in New York City includes statues, memorials, murals, fountains, and other forms. The city's parks have been described as the "greatest outdoor public art museum" in the United States. More than 300 sculptures can be found on the streets and parks of the New York metropolitan area, many of which were created by notable sculptors such as Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Daniel Chester French, and John Quincy Adams Ward.
Maman (sculpture)

Maman (1999) is a bronze, stainless steel, and marble sculpture in several locations by the artist Louise Bourgeois. The sculpture, which depicts a spider, is among the world's largest, measuring over 30 ft high and over 33 ft wide (9.27 x 8.91 x 10.24 metres). It includes a sac containing 32 marble eggs and its abdomen and thorax are made of rubbed bronze.
The title is the familiar French word for Mother (akin to Mummy or Mommy). The sculpture was created in 1999 by Bourgeois as a part of her inaugural commission of The Unilever Series (2000), in the Turbine Hall at London's Tate Modern. This original was created in steel, with an edition of six subsequent castings in bronze.
Bourgeois chose the Modern Art Foundry to cast the sculpture because of its reputation and work.
The sculpture picks up the theme of the arachnid that Bourgeois had first contemplated in a small ink and charcoal drawing in 1947, continuing with her 1996 sculpture Spider. It alludes to the strength of Bourgeois' mother with metaphors of spinning, weaving, nurture and protection. Her mother, Josephine, was a woman who repaired tapestries in her father's textile restoration workshop in Paris. When Bourgeois was twenty-one, she lost her mother to an unknown illness. A few days after her mother's passing, in front of her father (who did not seem to take his daughter's despair seriously), Louise threw herself into the Bièvre River; he swam to her rescue.
Tours and featured exhibitions of Maman include:
List of public art in the City of Westminster

There are more than 400 public artworks in the City of Westminster, a borough in central London. The borough has more public sculpture than any other area of London. This reflects its central location containing most of the West End, the political centres of Westminster and Whitehall and three of the Royal Parks (Green Park, Hyde Park and St James's Park, with parts also of Regent's Park and Kensington Gardens). Many of the most notable sites for commemoration in London are to be found in the City of Westminster, including Trafalgar Square, Parliament Square and the Victoria Embankment. Other monuments of note in the borough include the Albert Memorial and the Victoria Memorial. After World War I many memorials to that conflict were raised in the area, the most significant being the Grade I listed Cenotaph in Whitehall. So great is the number of monuments in the borough that Westminster City Council has deemed an area stretching from Whitehall to St James's to be a "monument saturation zone", where the addition of new memorials is generally discouraged. The same restriction applies in Royal Parks within the borough.
The City of Westminster hosts several temporary displays of sculpture. The most prominent of these is at the Fourth plinth in Trafalgar Square, which has shown works by contemporary artists on rotation since 1999. Temporary outdoor displays of sculpture can also be seen at the Royal Academy and the Chelsea College of Arts.
In 2010 Westminster City Council launched the City of Sculpture festival, which has seen contemporary sculpture installed in locations across the borough. Initially intended for the run-up to the 2012 Olympic Games in London, the project's duration has been extended beyond that point. The showcased works are exhibited at the galleries' and the sculptors' expense. The scheme has been criticised for its perceived commercialism and its sculptures have been described as "plop art".
Leslie Stefanson

Leslie Stefanson is an American actress and sculptor. She is most known for playing the title role as Capt. Elisabeth Campbell in the film The General's Daughter, and Joan Bennett Kennedy in the television miniseries Jackie, Ethel, Joan: The Women of Camelot. Her sculpture, La Bestia, won the top prize from the National Sculpture Society in 2019.
Stefanson was born in Fargo, North Dakota in 1971, and raised in Moorhead, Minnesota. She is of Icelandic heritage, with her paternal grandparents, Skúli Stefánsson and Heffie Einarson, emigrating from Iceland. She studied literature in New Jersey at Drew University and in New York City at Columbia University. In 1993, she graduated with a degree in English literature from Barnard College. She was a member of a New York theater group, modeled, and appeared in an advertisement for Lee's Jeans in 1997, which was shown during the Super Bowl.
In August 2008, Stefanson gave birth to her first child, a son, with actor James Spader.
As of 2024, she makes bronze and terracotta sculptures in New York City.
Oslo Graben

The Oslo Graben or Oslo Rift is a graben formed during a geologic rifting event in Permian time, the last phase of the Variscan orogeny. The main graben forming period began in the late Carboniferous, which culminated with rift formation and volcanism, with associated rhomb porphyry lava flows. This activity was followed by uplifting, and ended with intrusions about 65 million years after the onset of the formation. It is located in the area around the Norwegian capital Oslo.
The lava production was high when the rhomb porphyry lavas were deposited. The lavas reflect a period of abundant earthquake-related movements, when tectonic forces tore the crust apart.
In the Vestfold district, one lava flow was deposited on average every 250,000 years, resulting in a 3000-metre thick sequence of mainly volcanic material. In the Oslo area, lavas were deposited on average every 800,000 years. Only a few plant remains have been found between these lavas. The bedrock in this area, roughly from Skien to Oslo and Mjøsa, results in soil rich in nutrients important for plant growth.
Since the Permian, erosion has removed the volcanic peaks and indeed most of the lava layer and laid bare the magma chambers and volcanic pipes deep below, allowing scientist a rare view of what goes on beneath a rift valley. Several of the old magma plumes are now quarried, the rich black larvikite (named from Larvik, a town south of Oslo) being one.
The Särna alkaline complex in western Sweden, also of Late Carboniferous age, is thought to be related to the Oslo Graben as it is aligned to it.
59°48′04″N 10°33′23″E﻿ / ﻿59.8011°N 10.5564°E﻿ / 59.8011; 10.5564
Bendera ya Kenya

Bendera ya Kenya ilizinduliwa rasmi tarehe kumi na mbili Desemba, mwaka wa 1963.
Bendera ya Kenya ina msingi katika bendera ya muungano wa kitaifa wa Kenya African. Rangi zinaashiria weusi wengi wenyeji , nyekundu ni damu iliyomwagwa wakati wa mapambano ya uhuru, na kijani kibichi ni mali asili; mikanda meupe yaliongezwa baadaye na yanasimamia amani. Ngao nyeusi, nyekundu, na nyeupe ya jadi ya Kimaasai na mikuki miwili yanaashiria ulinzi wa mambo yote yaliyotajwa hapo juu.
Rangi za bendera zimebuniwa na Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Kenya.
Bendera ya Kenya imejikita kwenye bendera nyeusi juu ya nyekundu juu ya kijani ya chama cha KANU, chama cha siasa kilichoongoza mapambano ya uhuru wa Kenya. Baada ya uhuru, mikanda meupe, inayoashiria amani na umoja, na ngao zikaongezwa.
Rangi za Umoja wa Kiafrika

Kuna aina mbii za bendera zinazotumiwa kuonyesha Umoja wa Kiafrika au umoja wa watu wenye asili ya Afrika. Zote mbili ni tofauti na bendera rasmi ya Umoja wa Afrika, ambao ni maungano ya nchi 55 za Afrika na kutumia kijani pekee.
Aina moja inafuata mfano wa bendera ya Ethiopia iliyokuwa nchi pekee barani Afrika iliyoweza kujitetea dhidi ya uenezaji wa ukoloni kwa ushindi wa kijeshi dhidi ya Italia.
Aina nyingine ina asili katika harakati ya watoto na wajukuu wa watumwa kutoka Afrika huko Amerika ikaundwa na Marcus Garvey.
Rangi tatu za kijani, njano na nyekundu huitwa rangi za umoja wa Afrika kwa sababu zinapatikana kwenye bendera ya Ethiopia, nchi pekee ya Afrika iliyofaulu kujitetea dhidi ya uvamizi wa kikoloni katika karne ya 19 BK.
Tangu kuenea kwa uhuru kwenye nchi za Afrika katika miaka ya 1950 na 1960 kuna nchi mbalimbali zilizochagua rangi zilezile kwa kuonyesha upendeleo wao kwa umoja wa Afrika. Ghana ilikuwa nchi ya kwanza ya kutoka katika ukoloni mwaka 1957 ikateua rangi za Ethiopia kwa bendera yake.
Bendera za nchi zifuatazo hutumia rangi za Ethiopia ama pekee au pamoja na rangi nyingine, ambayo mara nyingi ni nyeusi kama alama ya watu weusi.
Bendera za nchi kadhaa za Amerika zinatumia rangi zilezile kwa sababu wakazi wao ni watoto wa watumwa kutoka Afrika.
Kuna seti nyingine ya rangi iliyoundwa kwa nia hiyohiyo lakini asili yake iko zaidi Amerika ambako imekuwa bendera ya watu wanaopigania haki za watu weusi ambao ni wajukuu wa watumwa wa zamani na umoja nao na Afrika. Hii bendera inatumia rangi nyekundu, nyeusi na kijani.
Hii ilikuwa bendera ua UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League) nchini Marekani. Ilipendekezwa na Marcus Garvey aliyeeleza mwaka 1921 "nyekundu ionyeshe urafiki na "wekundu kote duniani" (Wasoshalisti waliotumia bendera nyekundu walikuwa chama cha kupinga ubaguzi wa rangi), kijani ionyeshe urafiki wa watu wa Eire (wakati ule Waeire (wa Ireland) walipigania uhuru kutoka Uingereza wakitumia bendera ya kijani) na nyeusi kwa watu weusi".
Baadaye rangi hizo zilielezwa hivi:
Bendera za nchi nyingine za Afrika na Visiwa vya Karibi zinachanganya sehemu ya rangi kutoka kila upande kwa mfano:
Stella Atal

Stella Atal ni mchoraji na mbunifu wa mitindo wa Uganda, ambaye ni mwanzilishi, mmiliki na mtendaji mkuu wa Atal Stella Fashion House, yenye maeneo mjini Paris, Ufaransa .
Alizaliwa katika Mkoa wa Kaskazini, Uganda, kando ya mwambao wa Ziwa Kyoga. Stella alianza masomo yake huko Kampala, mji mkuu wa Uganda. Baadae alihamia Kenya kuendelea na masomo yake, hatimaye alihitimu elimu yake huko nchini Uingereza. Stella ana shahada ya kwanza na shahada ya uzamili katika Sanaa ya mitindo na uchoraji.
Feza Kessy

Feza Tadei Kessy (anayejulikana kwa jina la Feza; amezaliwa Agosti 24, 1988) ni mwimbaji kutoka Tanzania na mshiriki wa zamani wa Big Brother Africa msimu wa nane mwaka 2013.
Feza alizaliwa jijini Nairobi Kenya na kukulia huko na wazazi wenye asili ya Kitanzania na anatoka katika familia ya watoto wa nne. Alisoma shule ya msingi na sekondari kwenye jiji la Nairobi na Arusha. Feza alichukua diploma yake ya Tehama nchini Tanzania, alikwenda mbali zaidi na kusomea shahada ya kwanza ya usimamizi wa biashara nchini Uingereza.
Feza alianza kazi yake kama mwanamitindo ni mrembo wa zamani, mwaka 2005, alitawazwa kuwa Miss Dar City Centre, Miss Ilala na Miss Tanzania Mshindi wa pili akiwa na umri wa miaka 17. Feza aliachia wimbo wake wa kwanza, Amani ya Moyo, mwaka 2013, baadaye akatoa My Papa, wimbo ambao ulimfanya kuwa miongoni mwa wanamuziki wanaokuja kwa kasi. Mnamo mwaka 2015 alijiunga na Panamusiq na kuombwa kushiriki kwenye wimbo wa Macky 2 Living my Life.
Mnamo Mei 14, 2021, Feza alitia saini mkataba wake mkubwa zaidi alipotangazwa kuwa msanii wa kwanza wa kike wa DB Records, lebo ya rekodi inayomilikiwa na nyota wa Nigeria Oladapo Daniel Oyebanjo, anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina lake la kisanii D’banj. Feza alitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza Bless Me kwenye DB Records.
Bendera ya Jibuti

‘’’Bendera ya Taifa la Jiibuti’’’ ina mistari miwili ikatayo kushoto hadi kulia, rangi ya Samawati (juu) na Kijani ikiwa na umbo la Pembe tatu la rangi Nyeupe ikikalia sehemu ya kuinulia, ikiwa na nyota ya sehamu tano ya rangi Nyekundu (ikiashiria sehemu tano Wasomali waishiko katika eneo hilo) katikati. Sehemu hizi tano ni British somaliland (Somalia), Italian Somaliland (Somalia), French Somaliland (Jibuti), Ogaden na Mkoa wa Kaskazini Mashariki (Kenya).
Rangi zilizoyumuwa zinaweza kuashiria Ardhi (Kijani), Bahari na Anga (Samawati) pamoja na Amani Nyeupe. Nyota nyekundu inaashiria umoja.
Bendera hii ilipandishwa mara ya kwanza mnamo 27 Juni 1977 wakati wa Uhuru wa Jibuti. Bendera ya Taifa ambayo iliundwa wakati wa Uhuru mnamo 1977 ilikuwa ikifanana na bendera ya Ligue Populaire Africaine pour l'Independence (LPAI) ambayo iliiongoza nchi hiyo kupata uhuru. Bendera ya LPAI ilikuwa na umbo la Pembe Tatu jekundu na nyota nyeupe. Kwa bendera ya Taifa, nyota hii iliwekwa kutazama juu badala ya kuegemea upande mmoja. Pia sehemu zote za bendera zilirefushwa kwa usawa. Rangi ya Samawati ambayo haijakolea inawaashiria watu wa ukoo wa Issa wa Somali na Kijani inawakilisha watu wa Afar. Nyeupe, Kijani na samawati isiyokolea ndizo rangi za LPAI. Nyota nyekundu inaashiria umoja wa taifa lililo na watu wa makabila mbalimbali.
Pori la Akiba la Mwanedi

Pori la Akiba la Mwanedi, ni jirani ya Kruger Park, iliyoko kaskazini (au Venda) sehemu ya Limpopo, jimbo, Afrika Kusini, na ina eneo la takriban 9300 Ha. Siri mojawapo ya Pori la Akiba ni maporomoko ya maji ya kuvutia, yanayojulikana kama Tshihovhohovho Falls.
Wakati fulani pia huandaa mapambano makubwa ya mpira wa rangi ambapo inapendekezwa kuwa washiriki wapande wanyama ili kuwa kama wapanda farasi na usafiri.
Mto Omo

Mto Omo unapatikana nchini Ethiopia na unamwaga maji yake katika ziwa Turkana: ndio mto unaochangia kwa wingi zaidi (90% hivi) ziwa hilo lililo kubwa kuliko maziwa yote ya jangwani duniani kote.
Pia ndio mto mkubwa zaidi (km 760) kati ya ile ya Ethiopia nje ya beseni la Naili.
Matawimto yake ni Mto Usno, Mto Mago, Mto Neri, Mto Mui, Mto Mantsa, Mto Zigina, Mto Denchya, Mto Gojeb, Mto Gibe, Mto Gilgel Gibe, mto Amara, mto Alanga, Mto Maze na Mto Wabe.
Upande wa chini wa bonde lake umeorodheshwa na UNESCO kama urithi wa dunia.
Orodha ya miji ya kale ya Waswahili

Orodha ya miji ya kale ya Waswahili ni orodha ya miji ya kale iliyoanzishwa na Waswahili kuanzia mwaka 800, wakati Wabantu kwenye mwambao wa Afrika mashariki walianza kuzungumza lugha ya Kiswahili na kuumba utamaduni wake, mpaka 1900. Waswahili hao walianzisha miji mbalimbali kwenye mwambao na visiwa vya Afrika Mashariki.
Waniloti

Waniloti ni watu wenye asili ya bonde la mto Nile ambao wanatumia lugha za Kiniloti, kama vile Wajaluo, Wasara, Wamasai, Wakalenjin, Wadinka, Wanuer, Washilluk, Waateker n.k.
Wanajulikana kwa urefu na weusi wao.
Pamoja na kuwa wengi kati ya wakazi wa Sudan Kusini, wanapatikana pia Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya na Tanzania.
Waserer wa Afrika Magharibi pia wana asili hiyo.
Upande wa dini, siku hizi walio wengi wanafuata Ukristo, wakizidi kuacha Dini asilia za Kiafrika.
Sarah Mary Taylor

Sarah Mary Taylor (12 Agosti 1916 - 10 Julai 2000) alikuwa mfumaji mbunifu mwenye asili ya Afrika na Marekani kutoka Mississippi.
Sarah Mary Taylor alizaliwa mnamo Agosti 12, 1916 huko Anding, Mississippi. Alijifunza ubunifu wa ufumaji kutoka kwa mama yake Pearlie Posey wakati alikuwa mdogo. Aliishi kwenye mashamba katika Delta ya Mississippi na alifanya kazi za ndani, mpishi, na kazi za mkono shambani. Baadae, Taylor alilazimika kustaafu kazi ngumu kutokana na afya yake kuwa dhaifu. Kisha akapata mapato kupitia ubunifu wa ufumaji, akitumia sketi za nguo kuunda vitambaa vilivyofumwa kwa umaridadi. Baada ya shangazi yake Pecolia Warner kupata kutambuliwa kutoka kwa maprofesa wa Chuo Kikuu cha Mississippi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970, Taylor aliianza kufahamika kwa kazi zake za ufumaji.
Wote Taylor na mama yake waliunda muundo wa mto na mto ambao walitumia nyuzi nyekundu kama za takwimu. Kitanda chake cha samaki mtu (hapo awali kilijulikana kama Rabbit) ni kielelezo cha mkono wa mojo, ulio na mikono ya hudhurungi karibu na viwanja vyekundu na takwimu za vodou. Kulingana na mwanahistoria wa sanaa Maude Southwell Wahlman, Taylor "ametengeneza vitambaa kadhaa vinavyocheza maana ya ishara na uzuri wa picha ya mkono." Wahlman anaandika kwamba mto wa Taylor wa Msalaba unaweza kuwakilisha mwendelezo wa cosmogram ya Kongo, dini ya Kongo ishara. Vipuli vya Taylor pia hutumia mchanganyiko wa rangi isiyopatana na kugongana. Aliagizwa kutengeneza kitambaa cha mkono cha filamu ya The Color Purple. Kitamba hiki na neno linalotumiwa ni sehemu ya Mkusanyiko wa Ella King Torrey ufumaji wa za Kiafrica-Marekani.
Taylor aliolewa mara tano na alipata mtoto mmoja, Willie, ambaye alifariki kabla yake mnamo Julai 10, 2000.
Bunifu za Taylor zimeonyeshwa huko Naperville Illinois, Santa Fe Mexiko, na Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, kati ya miji mingine ya Marekani. Marilyn Nelson alimwandikia shairi "The Century Quilt"
Wanjiru Kinyanjui

Wanjiru Kinyanjui (alizaliwa mwaka 1958) ni mshairi, mwandishi, mwanahabari na mtengenezaji wa filamu wa nchi ya Kenya.
Kinyanjui alipata shahada ya lugha ya Kiingereza na fasihi ya Kijerumani kabla ya kujifunza utengenezaji wa filamu katika chuo cha German Film and Television Academy katika mji wa Berlin.
Filamu yake ya Battle of the Sacred Tree ya mwaka 1994, iliyozungumzia maisha ya mwanamke katika utamaduni wa kabila la Wakikuyu ilipata kuungwa mkono, kutengenezwa na kusambazwa na kampuni ya filamu ya Birne Film ya nchini Ujerumani na Flamingo Film ya Ufaransa.
Flags of counties of Kenya

The list shows flags for the forty-seven counties of Kenya. Some counties adopted the flag of the defunct municipal or district governments. Other flags adopted in the year after the first county governments were elected which was between 4 March 2013 to the same date on 2014. As of 17 December 2014, not all county assemblies have passed the design of the county flags. It is expected that all counties will adopt their own flags soon.
Flag of Malawi

The flag of Malawi (Chichewa: mbendera ya Malaŵi) was officially adopted on 6 July 1964 when the colony of Nyasaland became independent from British rule and renamed itself Malawi.
The first flag of independent Malawi was adopted on 6 July 1964. A rising sun against a black field is also present in the coat of arms of Malawi and in the flag it officially represents the dawn of hope and freedom for the continent of Africa (when the flag was created, more countries in Africa were gaining independence from European rule). The black represents the indigenous people of the continent, the red symbolises the blood of their struggle, and the green represents nature. The flag resembles the Pan-African flag designed by the Universal Negro Improvement Association, which was founded and led by Jamaican pan-Africanist leader Marcus Garvey, with the red and black bands reversed and a red sun at the top.
It also resembles the flag of the now-defunct Republic of Biafra and the national flag of Afghanistan used from 1974 to 1992.
A new flag of Malawi was adopted on 29 July 2010, as proposed by the Democratic Progressive Party–led government. The stripes were altered from the previous flag to match the original Pan-African Flag layout, with the red stripe at the top, the black stripe in middle, and the green stripe at the bottom. The rising sun at the flag's top was replaced with a full, centred white sun with 45 rays representing the "economic progress" Malawi has made since becoming independent (it was actually one of the most unsuccessful in the world after 1990). The opposition United Democratic Front announced that it would challenge the legitimacy of flag change in court. The flag was endorsed by the President of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika, who approved the flag change on 29 July 2010. There was much public outcry about whether there was a need to change the flag, but the process continued despite being unwelcome to much of the public. The flag was pejoratively nicknamed "Bingu's flag" by the majority of the nation who saw it as an illegitimate flag. Many objected to the new flag, perceiving its adoption as undemocratic.
On 28 May 2012, under new president Joyce Banda, Parliament voted to revert to the independence flag.
The colours of the flag are defined using British Standard colours; these are the same colours as used on the Kenyan flag:
Coat of arms of Kenya

The coat of arms of Kenya features two lions, a symbol of protection, holding spears and a traditional East African shield. The shield and spears symbolize unity and defence of freedom. The shield contains the national colours, representing:
On the shield is a rooster holding an axe while moving forward, portraying authority, the will to work, success, and the break of a new dawn. It is also the symbol of Kenya African National Union (KANU) party that led the country to independence.
The shield and lions stand on a silhouette of Mount Kenya containing in the foreground examples of Kenya agricultural produce - coffee, pyrethrum, sisal, tea, maize and pineapples.
The coat of arms is supported by a scroll upon which is written the word 'Harambee'. In Swahili, Harambee means "pulling together" or "all for one".
Kenya national law lays forth a heraldic blazon, or official description of the coat of arms:
Arms.— Per fess sable and vert, on a fess gules fimbriated argent a cock grasping in the dexter claw an axe also argent.
Supporters.— On either side a lion or, grasping in the interior forepaw a spear of estate, the hafts of the spears crossed in saltire behind the shield.
The whole upon a compartment representing Mount Kenya proper.
Motto.— Harambee.
President of Kenya

The president of the Republic of Kenya (Swahili: Rais wa Jamhuri ya Kenya) is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Kenya. The president is also the head of the executive branch of the Government of Kenya and is the commander-in-chief of the Kenya Defence Forces. The country's current president is William Ruto since 13 September 2022.
On 12 December 1964, the Republic of Kenya was proclaimed, and Jomo Kenyatta became Kenya's first president.
Kenya has had a total of five presidents since establishment, in successive order: Jomo Kenyatta, Daniel arap Moi, Mwai Kibaki, Uhuru Kenyatta, and the incumbent, William Ruto, who was inaugurated on 13 September 2022. Moi remains the country's longest serving president, having served for a total of 24 years.
According to the current Constitution, if a person wishes to be elected as president, the following qualifications must be met:
A candidate will be disqualified to run for presidency if they have allegiance to a foreign state or is working for the government in any capacity as a public officer. Being a public officer is not applicable to the incumbent president if running for a second term.
The president is elected by popular vote in the general election held in the month of August every five years. For a presidential candidate to be declared the winner, they must have:
The official residence of the president of Kenya is State House, Nairobi.
The wife of the president is referred to as the first lady of Kenya.
A president is eligible for two consecutive terms of five years each, starting from the date the president is sworn in.
The following is a summary of the roles of the president of Kenya as provided in the Constitution of Kenya:
The responsibilities of the president are summarised as follows:
Additionally, a person serving as president has legal immunity, with the exception of crimes under treaties to which Kenya is party with provisions that prohibit such immunity.
As with most other countries, the president of Kenya has a presidential standard to signify their status as the country's head of state and government. Its design is generally based on the country's national flag, although the president has some leeway to customise its appearance. The flag is generally displayed in notable locations associated with the president, usually alongside the national flag, such as the president's offices and the president's official state car, and during notable state occasions.
The presidential standards of Kenya's presidents since the country's independence have been as follows:
United Democratic Alliance (Kenya)

The United Democratic Alliance (UDA) is the current ruling political party in Kenya. Their slogan is "Kazi ni Kazi" (literally: A job is a job; All hustles matter) and their symbol is a wheelbarrow. The party, initially called the Party of Development and Reforms, officially changed its name to UDA in December 2020. The party became notable in January 2021, and is allied with William Ruto, the President of Kenya. It tends to be more popular among the Kalenjin people.
The party fielded candidates in March 2021 by-elections. UDA nominated Ruto in the 2022 Kenyan general election, after he announced that he would leave the Jubilee Party in late 2021. Ruto picked Rigathi Gachagua as his running mate for the elections.
In the 2022 general elections, UDA was able to garner 22 out of 47 seats in the Senate and 138 of the elected members of the National Assembly. The party uses a wheelbarrow as the party's symbol which stands for "worth, respect, and dignity of work in pursuit of an unbiased society". UDA is a member of Kenya Kwanza. Kenya Kwanza is the ruling coalition movement in Kenya.
The party was established as the Party of Action (POA) in February 2012 by Hillary Yegon in order to contest the 2013 general elections. It later formed an electoral pact with the Kenya National Congress (KNC) for the 2013 general elections, which was formalised as the Eagle Alliance. The alliance nominated the KNC's Peter Kenneth as its presidential candidate. In the elections Kenneth finished fourth in the presidential contest with 0.6% of the vote. The Party of Action failed to win a parliament, receiving less than 0.05% of the vote.
Prior to the 2017 general elections, the party was renamed as Party of Development and Reforms (PDR), sometimes seen as the Party of Reforms and Development. In the elections the PDR endorsed incumbent President Uhuru Kenyatta, also winning four seats in the National Assembly and one in the Senate.
It officially changed its name to United Democratic Alliance (UDA) in December 2020.
Mondele

Mondele, or mundelé, (pl. mindele) is a Bobangi term meaning "white" (white man, not the color, mpembe) European-style person, person with light skin color. The words were originally used to describe Belgian and French colonists, but can be used to describe any light-skinned non-African .
According to the Lingala Online Dictionary "It seems that the origin of the word comes from the bobangi language and that the radical "ndele" lets us believe that the african perceived the european as someone who is insincere (="ndelengene") rather than by his color."
The word can also be applied even to black Africans with a much lighter skin complexion, Coloureds, foreign-raised locals speaking with foreign accents, visiting expatriates, or westernised blacks (including African Americans), who are referred to specifically as mundele ndombe.
The term originated from the Bangi language.
In Ghana the word used for a 'white' person or foreigner is ‘Obroni’ in the local languages, those of the Akan family.
In Nigeria, the word used for a 'white' person is Oyibo.
In Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya the word used for a white or foreign person is 'mzungu'.
In Togo and Benin, the word used for a white person is 'yovo'.
In Central and West Africa (most frequently in the Gambia, Senegal, and Mali, also in Ivory Coast) the word used for a 'white' person is 'Toubab'.
Ferdinand Omanyala

Ferdinand Omanyala Omurwa (born 2 January 1996) is a Kenyan sprinter competing in the 60 metres, 100 m and 200 m. In 2022, he won his first international championships, with victories in the 100 m at the Commonwealth Games, and African Championships in Athletics. Omanyala is the African record holder and the ninth-fastest man of all time in the event after clocking a time of 9.77 seconds on 18 September 2021 in Nairobi. He also holds the Kenyan national record in the 60 m.
Ferdinand Omanyala Omurwa was born in Hamisi as the third son of Dishon and Adelaide Omurwa, though the family settled in Tongaren soon afterwards.
In 2015, Omanyala began his athletics career in Kenya as a chemistry student at the University of Nairobi. He made this move after a friend noticed his speed while he was playing rugby. He switched from rugby to track, and only a few weeks later, he ran a time of 10.4 s in his first race in Kakamega. The same year, he won the national Olympics trials over the 100 m distance in a time of 10.37 s but never met the qualifying standard for the Olympics, which was 10.16 s.
Following a doping offence in 2017, Omanyala received a 14-month suspension. He tested positive for the prohibited substance betamethasone after undergoing treatment for his back injury, which he got during training.
Omanyala won the national title in the 100 metres in 2019.
On 30 March 2021, he set a national record of 10.01 seconds in the 100 m in winning a meeting at Yabatech Sport Complex in Lagos, Nigeria. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics 100 metres semi-final in August that year, he set a new national record of 10.00 seconds. Omanyala was 0.04 s behind eventual silver medalist Fred Kerley and 0.02 s behind eventual bronze medalist Andre De Grasse. The same month, he ran a new personal best of 9.86 seconds in Austria, becoming the first Kenyan ever to break the 10-second barrier. In September, he ran 9.77 seconds (+1.2 m/s) for a new African record at the Absa Kip Keino Classic held in Nairobi, Kenya coming in a close second place behind Trayvon Bromell, who ran a world-leading 9.76 s.
In June 2022, Omanyala became African 100 m champion before he was eliminated in the semi-finals of the World Championships held in Eugene, Oregon, in July, after arriving at the event only a couple of hours before his first round heat due to visa problems. In August, he claimed Kenya's first gold medal at the Birmingham Commonwealth Games, becoming the first Kenyan to win gold in the 100-metre race in 60 years.
His run up to the 2024 Summer Olympics was promising, clocking 10.01 at the FBK Games in the Netherlands. Omanyala served as Kenya's flag bearer alongside Triza Atuka for the opening ceremony of the Paris games. He was disappointed to only record 10.8 seconds in the semi-finals.
Omanyala is married to Laventa Amutavi, and they have a son. His official sponsors are Odibets, a Kenyan sports betting company.
Time from the heats; Omanyala was replaced in the final.
As of 8 September 2024, Omanyala holds the following track records for 100 metres.
The Museum of African Heritage

Museum of African Heritage is a museum in Bel Air, Georgetown, Guyana, 'created by the Government of Guyana to collect, preserve, exhibit, research art and artifacts relating to Africa and the African experience in Guyana'. It was founded in 1985, with the African Art collections of Mr. Hubert H Nicholson and Mrs. Desiree Malik. The art collection has since expanded to contain Caribbean art, along with more African art. The museum also has a detailed history of the 1763 Berbice Slave Rebellion, along with artifacts celebrating notable Afro Guyanese men and women.
African Heritage House

The African Heritage House is a national monument in Kenya, classified and gazetted under the National Museums and Heritage Act in 2016. Designed by Alan Donovan, built to preserve forgotten architectural designs of the African continent. The house is facing the Nairobi national park, and the public can visit the house for a tour, lunches, dinners, events, conferences, and overnight stays.
The house inspiration depicts the towering mud of the Great Mosque of Djenne in Mali, the mud palaces of Morocco, Swahili architecture of the East African coast, Zanzibar and Lamu; and the traditional houses of Ghana and Burkina Faso.
The house has thousands pieces of objects, collections of artworks, artefacts, antique, ceremonial costumes, weaponry, jewellery, textiles, brassware and traditional pottery.
In 1970 Alan Donovan arrived in Kenya and spent most of his time with the Turkana people of Northern Kenya. With the collections of art and material culture of the nomadic Turkana tribe, he held his first art exhibition in Nairobi. In attendance at this exhibition were Joseph Murumbi and his wife Sheila. Mr Murumbi was the first Kenyan foreign minister and also served as the second vice president of Kenya. He was an art connoisseur and one of the greatest art collectors of African art and promoted African culture. Thus, African heritage was formed in 1972 by Alan Donovan and Joseph Murumbi. A Gallery where African artists could sell and showcase their works. This would help preserve, promote and protect African art and culture. African Heritage also established a cultural outreach program known as Kenya's African Heritage Festival, with a troupe of models, dancers, musicians, acrobats and others who travelled the world promoting Kenya tourism and African culture showing a collection of authentic African costumes and fashions created from the hand-woven and hand-printed textiles of Africa.
In the year 2014 African Heritage House was at risk for demolition to pave way for planned standard gauge railway line built by the Kenya government through a Chinese company. The railway line from Mombasa to Nairobi. Fortunately the house was saved through online campaign petition to stop the demolition and the classification of the house as a national monument in Kenya.
List of heritage sites in South Africa

This is a list of national and provincial heritage sites in South Africa, as declared by the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) and the nine provincial heritage resources authorities. The list is maintained by SAHRA by means of an online, publicly accessible database, the South African Heritage Resources Information System (SAHRIS), that also serves as an integrated national heritage resources management tool.
The lists have been split up by province. Some districts have been split off from their province for site performance reasons.
Миш-маш

Миш-маш е вид безмесно ястие, приготвяно от лук, чушки, домати, сирене и яйца, характерно за българската кухня. Съществуват и варианти при които към ястието се добавят и патладжани, бамя или моркови, както и такива без сирене.
Традиционно миш-маш се приготвя от нарязани чушки и домати, които се задушават в загрято олио на умерен огън. Чушките могат да бъдат предварително опечени и обелени или нарязани в суров вид. Към сместа се прибавят яйца и сирене, за да се сгъсти. Възможно е ястието да се приготви също и на фурна.
Обикновено ястието се сервира топло. Възможно е да се консервира за по-дълго време, приготвено само от зеленчуците, като преди консумация се добавят яйца и сирене.
Капама

Капама̀ е балканско ястие. Думата е с турски произход и означава „затворен“.
Приготвя се от кисело зеле, ориз, подправки – черен пипер, дафинов лист и чесън, различни видове месо (свинско, телешко, кървавица, наденица, пиле, заек и др.). В Разложко се добавя и така нареченото „чекъне“ (червено цвекло) или туршия от цвекло.
Реди се на пластове, като свинското се поставя на дъното. Залива се с вода на места и чаша червено вино. Оригиналната капама се готви в казан върху открит огън. Сега е по-известен друг начин на приготвяне – в запечатано с тесто глинено гърне (гювеч) се пече няколко часа във фурна.
Саздърма

Саздърма̀ (на турски: Sızdırma, Създърма) се нарича хранителен продукт от овче или телешко месо.
С подобно звучене, но различна е пастърмата.
Нарязаното на парчета месо и лой се варят дълго време в много вода, за да се свари добре месото и отдели от костите. След това варенето продължава до оставането на мазнина. Добавят се подправките (дафинов лист, бахар и черен пипер) и се изсипва в овчи стомах или плитък съд, за да се сгъсти. Готовият продукт се съхранява на студено и се яде студена или леко затоплена с качамак или каша.
Музей на киселото мляко

Музеят на киселото мляко се намира в с. Студен извор, община Трън. Организиран е в двуетажна къща, в центъра на селото, близо до родната къща на д-р Стамен Григоров.
На първия етаж е разположена битова стая, която представя традиционната вътрешна уредба на една типична българска къща, от средата на 19 век. На втория етаж са разположени библиотека и изложбена зала.
В библиотеката се съхраняват голям брой разнообразни информационни материали за българското кисело мляко. От първата научна публикация на д-р Стамен Григоров за киселото мляко, отпечатана на френски език през 1905 г., до последните проучвания върху противораковите свойства на Lactobacillus bulgaricus, извършени от проф. Акийоши Хосоно, в университета Шиншу, Япония, преди няколко години.
В изложбената зала е представен макет, който подробно показва получаването на сурово мляко, промишленото производство на кисело мляко и реализацията на готовия продукт, в търговската мрежа. На стените са окачени информационни табла, които описват историята на киселото мляко; домашното подквасване и занаятчийското производство на кисело мляко; промишлените технологии за получаване на кисело мляко; хранителната, и биологичната стойност на българското кисело мляко.
Музеят е тържествено открит на 29 юни 2007 г. По случай откриването на музея, в гр. Трън се провежда първият Празник на българското кисело мляко, с богата фолклорна програма, конкурси за рисунка и есе на тема „Киселото мляко – българското име на дълголетието“, и конкурс за най-добро домашно приготвено кисело мляко.
Българското кисело мляко е изключително ценено в Япония и по света, то научно доказано забавя стареенето на организма, това е най-добрият и лесно усвоим източник на калций, който е жизненоважен за изграждането и поддържането здравината на костите и зъбите, Млечнокиселите бактерии на Lactobacillus bulgaricus са с антираково действие, те възпрепятстват синтеза на канцерогенни вещества, ограничават мутациите и образуването на ракови клетки, Киселото мляко има пробиотично действие – то влияе изключително благоприятно и оздравително на стомаха и червата, от него в 1959 г. Научноизследователски институт за антиракови антибиотици в София изготвя високоефективната субстанция на първия пробиотик Нормофлор срещу язвена и гастритна болест и за нормализиране на стомашната флора след антибиотична интервенция, един от най-активните пробиотици произвеждани в света и до днес. Млечно-киселите бактерии в киселото мляко помагат за подобряване на имунитета и за успешната ни борба с инфекциите, подпомага превенцията на сърдечно-съдови заболявания, намалява риска от развитие на остеопороза и кариеси на зъбите, има добро антитоксично действие, продукта е не само изключително вкусен, но е крайно полезен за деца и подрастващи, за мъже и жени работещи в стресова или замърсена среда и за възрастни хора. Той е неизменна, най-характерна част на националната ни кухня от векове.