davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Basílica del Voto Nacional

The Basilica of the National Vow (Spanish: Basílica del Voto Nacional) is a Roman Catholic church located in the historic center of Quito, Ecuador. It is the largest neo-Gothic basilica in the Americas.
The basilica arose from the idea, proposed by Father Julio Matovelle in 1883, of building a monument as a perpetual reminder of the consecration of Ecuador to the Sacred Heart. President Luis Cordero issued the decree on July 23, 1883, and it was carried out by president José María Plácido Caamaño on March 5, 1884. The congress, in accordance with the year's budget, designated 12,000 pesos for the construction - 1,000 pesos per month, beginning in 1884. By the decree of July 3, 1885, the fourth Quitense Provincial Council turned the construction of the basilica into a religious commitment in the name of the country. In 1887, the Issodum Fathers began construction for five years, with the approval of Pope Leo XIII. The Oblato fathers donated the land for the basilica. To continue construction, donations were accepted from believers, who provided stones in exchange for engraving their names on them. In 1895, the state established a tax on salt to continue the building and making it more established.
In 1901, Father Matovelle and his Community of Missionary Monks, took charge of the construction at the request of Archbishop Pedro Rafael González Calisto. The building was designed by architect Emilio Tarlier at the cost of 40,000 French francs. Tarlier was inspired by the Bourges Cathedral. On July 10, 1892, the first stone was placed. Between 1892 and 1909, the Heart of Mary Cathedral was constructed. The basilica was blessed by Pope John Paul II on January 30, 1985, and it was consecrated and inaugurated on July 12, 1988.
The basilica remains technically "unfinished." Local legend says that when the Basílica is completed, the end of the world will come.
The Basilica hosts the National Pantheon of Ecuador on its crypt, where several of the former Presidents of Ecuador are buried.
François Gonnessiat

François Gonnessiat (May 22, 1856 (Nurieux-Volognat)–October 18, 1934) was a French astronomer, observer of comets and discoverer of two minor planets.
He worked at the Observatory of Lyon. In 1889 he won the Lalande Prize for astronomy from the French Academy of Sciences; 1901 became director of the Quito (Ecuador) Observatory for the purpose of making geodetic measurements. He became a well known and respected member of the academic scene of the city, where a street is named after him. From 1908 to 1931, he was director of the Algiers Observatory where one of his colleagues was Benjamin Jekhovsky. He was also director of the Quito Astronomical Observatory.
The asteroid 1177 Gonnessia was named in his memory (H 109).
List of countries by meat consumption

This is a list of countries by meat consumption. Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.
The figures tabulated below do not represent per capita amounts of meat eaten by humans. Instead, they represent FAO figures for carcass mass availability (with "carcass mass" for poultry estimated as ready-to-cook mass), divided by population. The amount eaten by humans differs from carcass mass availability because the latter does not account for losses, which include bones, losses in retail and food service or home preparation (including trim and cooking), spoilage and "downstream" waste, and amounts consumed by pets (compare dressed weight). As an example of the difference, for 2002, when the FAO figure for US per capita meat consumption was 124.48 kg (274 lb 7 oz), the USDA estimate of US per capita loss-adjusted meat consumption was 62.6 kg (138 lb).
Additionally, the 2002 FAO study was potentially misleading for countries with high levels of meat export compared to their population, as it relied on production data using full carcass mass availability, whereas exports generally contain less bones, cartilage and other things not typically used for human consumption. For example, the FAO (2002) figure for Denmark, which has one of the highest meat export rates compared to its population, was 145.9 kg (322 lb) (highest in the world). More recent FAO figures (2009) have taken the earlier discrepancy into account, resulting in a significantly lower 95.2 kg (210 lb) for Denmark (13th in the world). When further adjusted for loss, calculations by DTU Fødevareinstituttet suggest the actual consumption was 48 kg (106 lb) per adult.
Украин хэл

Украин хэл (украин. Українська мова) нь Энэтхэг-Европ хэлний язгуур, Слав хэлний бүлэгт багтах хэл юм. Украинчуудын үндсэний хэл.
Украин улсын газар нутагт украин хэл дэлгэр байдаг бөгөөд Орос, Белорусь, Казахстан, Польш, Словак, Румын, Молдав, Унгар, Серби улсад болон Канад, АНУ, Аргентин, Австрали дахь украин цагаачдын үр удам дунд дэлгэрсэн хэл юм. Украин улсын албан ёсны хэл.
Дэлхий нийтэд өнөө үед 36-45 сая хүн украин хэлээр ярьдаг байна.
Зүүн слав хэлнүүдийн нэгэн адил украин хэл нь эртний орос хэлний аялгуун дээр үндэслэн гарсан гэж үздэг. Эртний Оросын өмнөд аялгууг бие даасан хэл болгон хуваахад Киевийн Рус улс төрийн задрал, дараа нь Украины нутаг дэвсгэр Литвийн Их Гүнт улсад орж, Баруун Орос хэлийг хуучин Украин, хуучин Беларусь хэл гэх албан ёсны бичгийн хэлний статустай байв.
Иван Котляровскийг украин уран зохиолын хэл үндэслэгч гэж үздэг бөгөөд Тарас Шевченкогийн уран бүтээл мөн украин уран зохиолын хэлэнд ихээхэн хувь оруулсан юм. Эртний бүтээлүүд: XIV—XV зууны украины хуул зүйн болон бусад баримт бичгүүд, Пересопницкий Евангелие (1556—1561); «Ключ царства небесного» Максим Смотрицки (Мелетий, 1587), «Еван­ге­лие Не­га­лев­ско­го» (1581), «Креховский Апостол» (1563—72), «Извещение краткое о латинских прелестих» Иоан Вишенски (1588), «Зерцало богословии» Кирилл Ставровецки (1618) болон бусад.
Фил Жонс

Филип Энтони Жонс (Англи: Philip Anthony Jones; 1992 оны хоёрдугаар сарын 21-нд Престон хотод төрсөн), Фил Жонс (Англи: Phil Jones) — Английн хөлбөмбөгчин бөгөөд «Манчестер Юнайтед» болон Английн шигшээд хамгаалагчаар тоглодог. «Блэкберн Роверс» багаас тодорсон.
2011 оны зургаадугаар сарын 13-нд «Блэкберн Роверс» багийн хамгаалалтын багана Жонстой «Манчестер Юнайтед» таван жилээр гэрээлсэн ба 16.5 орчим сая фунт стерлингийг хуучин багт нь төлсөн гэжээ.
2011 оны аравдугаар сарын 7-нд Английн шигшээ Монтенегротой 2012 оны ЕАШТ-ий сонгонд тоглоход (2:2) Фил Жонс анх гараалсан.
Багийн
Манчестер Юнайтед
Поле байрлал

Поле байрлал буюу түрүү байрлал (мөн поле ч гэдэг англ. pole position, pole нь багана, гадас, шургааг, саваа) гэдэг нь моторт спортод хамгийн эхний эгнээний түрүү байрлал буюу гарааны алаг шугамд дээр байрласан оролцогчийн байрлалыг хэлдэг. Энэ байрлал нь тухайн оролцогчид тодорхой хэмжээгээр ашигтай байрлал юм. Түрүү байрлалыг тухайн тэмцээн бүрийн өмнө ихэвчлэн шалгуураар олж авах бөгөөд энэ нь жишээлбэл сорилгын болон бэлтгэл уралдаан хамгийн хурдан тойрсон тойргийн хугацаагаар нь шалгаруулна.
Поле байрлал гэдэг нь английн морин уралдааны спортоос гаралтай ба овал хэлбэрийн морин тойруулгын хамгийн дотор талд байх модон шургаагаар (poles) хийсэн хашлагаар хязгаарлагдана. Хэн энэ хашилтын дэргэдэх байрлалд байр эзэлсэн нь хамгийн богино замыг туулна гэсэн үг юм. Түүнээс гадагшаа байрлал эзэлсэн морин уралдаанчид нь илүү том тойрог туулах учир бага зэргийн ашиггүй байрлал эзэлсэн гэсэн үг.
1950-аад оноос 1970-аад он хүртэл Формула-1-ийн уралдаанд эхний эгнээнд гурваас дөрвөн тэрэг зэрэгцсэн байрлалаас хөдөлдөг байсан учир нэг их ашигтай тал байсангүй.
1970-аад оноос эхлэн эхний эгнээнд байх тэрэгний тоог хоёр болгон бууруулсан нь уралдааны өмнөх сорилго улам чухал болсноор барахгүй илүү сайн дугуй болон мотортой болох тэмцэл өрнөж эхэлжээ. Зарим тэрэгний хүндийн төвөөс шалтгаалан илүү их бензинээр цэнэглэн явах боломжтой байв. Угтаа бол эсрэгээрээ байвал явалт хурдан баймаар.
Барилгын хэсэглэл

Барилгын хэсэглэл нь архитектур ба барилгын салбарт аливаа барилга болон байшин барихад хэрэглэгдэх хэсэглэлүүд юм. Барилгын хэсэглэл нь 2 утгатай:
Барилгын хэсэглэл- 1
Барилгын хэсэглэл- 2
Баянтөмөрийн Хайсан

Богд Хаант Монгол Улсын үе улиран улсад туслагч гүн, Чин зүтгэлт Баянтөмөрийн Хайсан (ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ, qayišan; * 1857 он; † 1917 он). Өвөр Монголын Зостын чуулганы Харчин ван Гүнсэнноровын хошууны түшмэл. Зостын чуулганы Харчин хошуунд 1857 онд төрсөн. Хятад колонистуудын эсрэг зэвсэгт тэмцэлд идэвхтэй оролцож байгаад, Оросын нөлөөн дорх Харбин хотод дүрвэн, монгол үндэстэнд тустай ажил үйлсэд хувь нэмрээ оруулж, “Монголын сонин бичиг” сониныг гаргалцаж байв. 1907 онд Ар Монголын эх орончидтой танилцан бүлгэмдэх гэж Хүрээнд ирж, Ханддорж ван, Цэрэнчимэд лам нартай анд бололцож, тусгаар тогтнолын төлөө хамтран тэмцэгчид болов. Монгол туургатан эх орончид энэ санаагаа 1911 оны хавар Богд хаанаар дэмжүүлэх явдалд хүчин зүтгэж ирэв.
Хувьсгалын дараа Монголын төрөөс түүнд нутаг, албатууд хуваарилж, гэр бүл, төрөл төрөгсдийг нь ирүүлэн төвхнүүлж байв. Баруун хязгаарыг чөлөөлөх үйлсийг удирдалцав. Зүүн хязгаар буюу Өвөр Монголыг чөлөөлөх таван замын цэргийг захиралцан одов. Дотоод яамны өндөр албан тушаал хашиж, гурван улсын хэлэлцээрт зарчимчаар оролцов. Уг хэлэлцээрийн дараа, Хятадтай тохиролцсоны дагуу өвөр монголчуудыг шахан буцаах болсон бөгөөд, Хайсан гүн буцсаны дараа удалгүй нас баржээ (1917).
Хайсангийн үзэл бодлыг түүний бичсэн захидал дахь
гэсэн хэсгээс харж болно.
Gangaa

Дамдинпүрэвийн Ганбат нь Монгол улсын нийслэл Улаанбаатар хотод 1999 оны 6-р сарын 19нд төрсөн. "54-р дунд сургуульд" дунд анги хүртлээ суралцаад, ахлах ангиа 77-р дунд сургуульд суралцаж төгсөж, Тухайн 2016 онд Соёл Урлагын Их Сургууль-ийн Хөгжимт театрын жүжигчны ангид жүжигчин мэргэжлээр суралцан 2020 онд төгссөн.
Тайзны нэр болох Gangaa нь өөрийн бүтэн нэрийн товчлол юм.
Дуу хөгжимд сонирхолтой 2 залуу Соёл Урлагын Их Сургууль ийн нэг ангид орж анх Gangaa Baynaa 2 хоорондоо танилцаж байв. Gangaa Baynaa 2 одоогийн монголын поп хөгжмийн урсгалд өөрсдийн өнгө төрхийг илэрхийлэхийг хүсдэг байсан бөгөөд уг зорилгоо нэгтгэн GangBay нэртэйгээр хамтлаг байгуулсан. Түүнээс хойш тэд хамтдаа хоёр цомог гаргаж, бүрэн хэмжээний 2 тоглолт амжилттай зохион байгуулаад байна.
2023 оноос Гангааа өөрийн бие даасан цомгийн ажилд орсон бөгөөд Tears of Happiness нэртэйгээ 2023 оны 8 сард гаргасан. Цомгоос Дүүрэн гэх дуу нь маш том тэсрэлт болсон бөгөөд уг дуу нь Бид нэг гэр бүл киноны дуу юм. Уг дуу гарсан дариудаа 1 сарын дотор 4 сая хандалт Youtube дээр авсан ба одоогын байдлаар 14 сая хандалттай байна.
Ганбат нь Бид нэг гэр бүл кинонд гол дүрийг мөн бүтээсэн бөгөөд олны таашаалд ихэд нийцсэн юм.
Шаравдоржийн Түвдэнбалжир

Монголын Эрдэмтдийн Үндэсний Зөвлөлийн гүйцэтгэх захирал техникийн ухааны доктор
Төлөөлдөг улс: Монгол Улс Монгол Улс Хувийн мэдээлэл Бүтэн нэр Шаравдоржийн Түвдэнбалжир Төрсөн огноо 1961 оны 4 сарын 21 Төрсөн газар Хэнтий аймаг Чингэс хот
Гэр бүл Эхнэр Д.Цэвээнжав. Хүү Т.Энхбаяр Т.Эрхэмбаяр
Кино

Кино нь урлагийн томоохон нэгэн хэсэг бөгөөд нарийн утгаараа кино театрт үзэгчдэд үзүүлдэг, хөдөлгөөнт дүрс бүхий бүтээлийг хэлнэ. Анхандаа хальсанд буулгасан бүтээл ихэнх хувийг эзэлж байсан боловч өдгөө дижиталчлагдаж буй. Эрт цагт хөдөлгөөнт зураг, сүүдэр ший зэргээр нэрлэж байв. Ерөнхий утгаараа хөдөлгөөнт дүрсээс бүтсэн, хүн үзэх боломжтой бүтээлийг хэлнэ.
Ерөнхийдөө кино театр зэрэг тусгай байгууламжид байх дэлгэцэнд тусгаж, нийтэд харуулах зориулалттай бүтээлийг кино гэнэ. Энэ нь киног бүтээх үйл явц ямар байхаас шалтгаалахгүй. 20-р зуунд үсрэнгүй хөгжсөн тус салбар нь өдгөө нэгэнт урлаг гэж нэрлэгдэхүйц болтлоо хөгжжээ.
Гэхдээ урлагийн бусад салбартай харьцуулахад хүн хүч ба мөнгө хөрөнгө ихээр шаарддаг тул хувь хүмүүс дангаараа хийхэд хэцүү.
Ерөнхийдөө уран сайхны кино ба баримтат кино гэж 2 том ангилалд хуваагдана.
Дээр дурьдсанаар кино нь кино театр зэрэгт гаргахын тулд бүтээгддэг боловч анхнаасаа зурагтаар гаргах зорилгоор, киноны хальс ашиглан хийгддэг бүтээлүүд ч бас бий. Тэдгээрийг Телевизийн кино гэж нэрлэх бөгөөд 1960-аад оны Америкт телевизийн нэвтрүүлгийн нэг төрөл болон хөгжиж, вэстэрн кино, гэр бүлийн драмууд олноор бүтээгдэж байв.
Түүнчлэн кино театрт гаргалгүйгээр, шууд видео хуурцаг зэрэг медиа руу буулган, худалдаалагдах буюу түрээслэгддэг бүтээлийг видео кино гэж нэрлэнэ. Энэ мэтээр орчин үед бродбанд интернэт зэргийн хөгжлийн улмаас өнөөг хүртэл кино гэж нэрлэгдэж ирсэн зүйлс нь олон янз болон өргөжиж буй. Сүүлийн үед кино нь хальсанд буух биш, CD-ROM, DVD зэрэгт бичигдэх нь олширч байгаа.
Кино нь 19-р зуунд бий болж, 20-р зуунд үсрэнгүй хөгжсөн, харьцангуй залуу урлаг юм.
Кино нь 1920-аад он хүртэл дуугүй, зөвхөн дүрс нь хөдөлдөг, олон нийтэд үзүүлэхэд дуу оруулагч шаардагддаг, эсвэл дүрснүүдийнхээ завсраар бичиг гаргадаг байв. Кино нь дуутай болсны дараа техникийн дэвшлийн үр дүнд улам хөгжиж, өнгө ялгаж харуулдаг болжээ. Өнөөдөр хар цагаан кино хийгдэх нь тун ховор.
Улмаар Тусгай зураг авалт, анимаци, компьютер график зэрэг шинэ технологи ашиглан үзэгчдийн сэтгэлд хүрсэн, жинхэнэ юм шиг орчинг бүрдүүлэн харуулж чаддаг болжээ.
Монголын хамгийн анхны кино бол Монгол хүү (1935) юм.. Монголын кино урлаг энэ үеэс эрчимтэй хөгжиж байгаад 1945-1954 онд зогсонги байдалд орж байжээ.
Сэтгүүл

Сэтгүүл нь гялгар болон шохойтой цаасан дээр, эсвэл электорон хэлбэрээр хэвлэгддэг (заримдаа цахим сэтгүүл гэж нэрлэдэг) тогтмол хэвлэл юм. Сэтгүүлүүд олон төрлийн агуулгаар гардаг бөгөөд ерөнхийдөө тогтмол хуваарийн дагуу хэвлэгдэж байдаг. Сэтгүүл нь ерөнхийдөө зар сурталчилгаа, худалдан авалт, урьдчилсан захиалга, эсвэл энэ гурвыг хосолсон хэлбэрээр санхүүждэг.
Гэрэл зургийн агууламж өндөр бөгөөд гэрэл зургийн чанар өндөр байхыг шаарддаг хэвлэл юм.
Дэлхийн томоохон сэтгүүлийн албан ёсны хувилбар гарч байна. Үүнд:
Судлаачид сэтгүүлийг олон янзаар ангилсан байдаг.
Монголын сэтгүүлүүдийн жагсаалт
Янживын Оюунцэцэг

Янживын Оюунцэцэг (1962-1994) — Монголын кино урлагт үнэтэй хувь нэмэр оруулсан жүжигчин Я. Оюунцэцэг 1960 оны 02 сарын 28-нд Увс аймгийн Баруунтүрүү суманд олон охидтой айлын нэг нь болон мэндэлсэн. «Говийн зэрэглээ» киноны холбоочин хүүхэн Номин, Гарын таван хуруу киноны Сүрэнгийн дүр, Мардагдсан Дууль киноны айлын ээжийн дүрээр үзэгчдийн сэтгэлд хоногшсон Монгол улсын тайз, дэлгэцийн шигтгээ болсон эмэгтэй жүжигчин.
6 сартай байхдаа гэр бүлийн хамт Дархан хотод нүүн ирж суурьшжээ. Бөх үзэх дуртай байсан тэрээр багаасаа дүү нартаа уран зохиолын талаар ярьж өгдөг байсан. Тэрээр 1978 - 1984 оны хооронд УБДС-н кино драмын ангид суралцаж жүжигчин мэргэжлээр төгсжээ. Дархан хотын залуучуудын театрт 1980 - 1981 онуудад дагалдан жүжигчнээр ажиллаж Сакаловын "Мөрөөдөл" жүжигт анх тогложээ. Мөн 1984 - 1987 онд УДЭТ-т, 1987 - 1992 онд Армийн драмын театрт ажиллаж байсан. Түүний нөхөр нь Монголын драмын урлагийн том төлөөлөл Л. Лусвангийн хүү Л.Нямсүрэн билээ. Хосууд нэг хүүтэй бөгөөд Н.Соронзонболд гэдэг.
Авлига

Авилга — Я.Цэвэлийн " Монгол хэлний товч тайлбар толь бичиг"-т "Авилга гэдэг нь ёсон бусаар шунаж авсан эд юм" гэж бичжээ. Энгийнээр тодорхойлбол, авилга нь эрх мэдлээ хувийн эрх ашигт урвуулан ашиглахыг хэлнэ. Монгол улсын Авилгын эсрэг хуульд "Авилга гэж албан тушаалын эрх мэдлээ хувийн ашиг хонжоо олоход урвуулан ашиглах, бусдад давуу байдал олгох, иргэн, хуулийн этгээдээс тэрхүү хууль бус давуу байдлыг олж авах үйлдэл, эс үйлдэхүйгээр илрэх аливаа эрх зүйн зөрчил" гэж тодорхойлогдсон байна.
Системийн авлига- гэдэг нь зохион байгуулалттай авлига (бүтцийн элемент) болж хувирсан - зохион байгуулалттай шамшигдуулах ("төсвийг хуваах"), мөнгө завших, системийн нэмэлт орлого юм.
Ахуйн авлига- жирийн иргэд, албан тушаалтнуудын харилцааны үр дүнд бий болдог. Үүнд албан тушаалтан болон түүний гэр бүлийн гишүүдэд иргэдээс өгөх төрөл бүрийн бэлэг, үйлчилгээ багтсан байдаг. Хамаатан, танил талд (непотизм) давуу байдал үүсгэх асуудал мөн энэ ангилалд багтдаг.
Бизнесийн авлига нь төр, бизнесийн хоорондын харилцааны үр дүнд үүсдэг. Жишээлбэл, бизнесийн маргаантай тохиолдолд талууд өөрсдийн талд шийдвэр гаргуулахын тулд шүүгчийн дэмжлэгийг авахыг эрмэлздэг.
Дээд эрх мэдэлтнүүдийн авлига (англи. Grand corruption) нь ардчилсан тогтолцооны улс төрийн удирдлага, дээд шүүхийг хэлдэг. Энэ нь өөрсдийн эрх ашгийн төлөө, сонгогчдын эрх ашгийг хохироосон бодлого хэрэгжүүлэхээс тогтсон шударга бус үйлдэлтэй эрх баригч бүлэглэлүүдэд хамаатай.
Өнөөдрийг хүртэл сурган хүмүүжүүлэх ухаан, менежментэд тухайн хүнийг хамгийн тохиромжтой төрийн албан тушаалтан байх баталгаатай аргууд байдаггүй гэдэг. Гэсэн хэдий ч авлигын түвшин маш доогуур олон орон бий. Түүгээр ч зогсохгүй авлигыг бууруулахад чиглэсэн үйл ажиллагаа нь ихээхэн амжилтанд хүрсэн түүхэн жишээнүүд байдаг: Эстони, Сингапур, Хонконг, Португал, Швед. Энэ нь авлигатай тэмцэх арга зам байгаа гэдгийг тодорхой жишээгээр харуулж байгаа юм.
Авлигыг бууруулах гурван арга зам бий гэж үздэг. Нэгдүгээрт, хууль тогтоомж, түүний хэрэгжилтийг чангатгаж, улмаар шийтгэлийн эрсдэлийг нэмэгдүүлж болно. Хоёрдугаарт, албан тушаалтнуудын орлогоо хууль зөрчихгүйгээр нэмэгдүүлэх эдийн засгийн механизмыг бий болгож болно. Гуравдугаарт, зах зээлийн өрсөлдөөний үүргийг бэхжүүлж, улмаар авлигаас олох боломжит ашгийг бууруулж болно.
Yurt wagon

Yurt wagon or Ger tereg (Mongolian: ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ) is a traditional mobile dwelling of the Mongolic people, in which a yurt is placed on a large cart usually pulled by oxen.
This type of habitat was mainly used by the Mongol Khans, at least between the 13th and 16th centuries.
William of Rubruck (1215-1295) describes them in his travelogues in the Mongol Empire. He describes a meeting in a yurt with Möngke and his wife where they get drunk, during an evening in the presence of Nestorian priests and the woman returns to the imperial yurt, on the cart: "At last the lady, being drunk like the others, returned in her cart to her home".
Ordos Sports Centre Stadium

The Ordos Sports Centre Stadium is a multi-purpose sports complex in Kangbashi District, Ordos, Inner Mongolia. Opened in 2015, it was built to host the 10th National Traditional Games of Ethnic Minorities and has since become a landmark venue for national and international events. The complex includes a 60,000-seat football stadium, a 12,000-seat indoor arena, and a 4,000-seat natatorium, covering 340,000 m. It is known for its golden saddle-shaped roof, inspired by Mongolian equestrian culture.
The stadium's design pays homage to the golden saddle, a symbol of Mongolian heritage. The roof's curvature mimics the shape of a saddle, supported by 46 golden columns. The complex incorporates eco-friendly features, including energy-efficient lighting and rainwater harvesting systems.
Holding Back the Years

"Holding Back the Years" is a song by the English soul and pop band Simply Red, released as the third single from their debut studio album, Picture Book (1985). In 1986, the ballad reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number two on the UK Singles Chart. "Holding Back the Years" had initially been released in the UK the year before, reaching number 51. The song was nominated in the category of Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the 29th Annual Grammy Awards.
The group's frontman Mick Hucknall wrote the song when he was 17, while living at his father's house. In a 2018 interview, Hucknall said the song was inspired by a member of the teaching staff at Manchester School of Art, where Hucknall was a fine-art student: the lecturer suggested the greatest paintings are produced when the artist is working in a stream of consciousness, which Hucknall then tried to apply to songwriting – "Holding Back the Years" was the second song he wrote using this method.
The song's writing credits are shared between Hucknall and Neil Moss, a friend and member of Hucknall's first group, the Frantic Elevators. According to Hucknall, Moss did not co-write the song, but the credit was added "to remember the great times we had" as the pair had written so many other songs together. The song was first performed by the Frantic Elevators. The song's "I'll keep holding on" chorus was not added until many years later, after the band had split and Hucknall had formed Simply Red.
Hucknall's mother left the family when he was three: the upheaval caused by this event inspired him to write the song. According to Hucknall, he did not realise what the song was about until it was finished: he characterised it as a song "about that moment where you know you have to leave home and make your mark, but the outside world is scary. So you’re holding back the years". He said that the line "strangled by the wishes of pater" was inspired by arguments he had with his father: according to Hucknall, the two clashed often during his teenage years "because there was no woman to act as referee".
The accompanying music video for "Holding Back the Years" focuses on Mick Hucknall, who, while singing the song, walks through the English countryside and Whitby Abbey carrying luggage and thinking about his childhood memories and the difficult relationship he had with his father. The other members of Simply Red (except for Fritz McIntyre, who plays a one-man band) play local cricketers who greet Hucknall as he passes by and later watch him on the Whitby 199 steps. In the last part of the song, Hucknall is seen riding a train, the scenes for which were filmed at and around Goathland railway station on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway.
Standard 7-inch single
UK 7-inch single (1986)
Standard 12-inch single
UK and Canadian 12-inch single (1986)
In 1999, English R&B boy band Another Level released their version as a double A-side with a remix of their earlier hit, "Be Alone No More". This release reached No. 11 on the UK Singles Chart.
Bagana

Bagana is an active volcanic cone located in the centre of the island of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea, the largest island of the Solomon group. It is the most active volcano in the country, occupying a remote portion of central Bougainville Island. It is one of Melanesia's youngest and most active volcanoes.
Bagana is a massive symmetrical, roughly 1893m-high lava cone largely constructed by an accumulation of viscous andesitic lava flows. The entire lava cone could have been constructed in about 300 years at its present rate of lava production. Eruptive activity at Bagana is frequent and is characterized by non-explosive effusion of viscous lava that maintains a small lava dome in the summit crater, although explosive activity occasionally producing pyroclastic flows also occurs. Lava flows form dramatic, freshly preserved tongue-shaped lobes up to 50 m thick with prominent levees that descend the volcano's flanks on all sides.
Just north-east of Bagana is the volcano crater lake Billy Mitchell. Bagana is one of 17 post-Miocene stratovolcanoes on Bougainville. U.S. General Floyd L. Parks flew over the Solomon Islands on 27 October 1948 and witnessed the eruption of Bagana. His photographs of Bagana erupting were published in the magazine Life.
Ndiayene Bagana

Ndiayene Bagana is a small town in western-central Senegal. It is located in the Kaolack Region.
Nearby towns and villages include Gama (1.9 nm), Moukhoume (1.9 nm), Kebe Lanim (1.0 nm), Guissam (1.0 nm), Kebe Keur Babou (1.0 nm), Ali Gane (1.0 nm), Keur Deuri (1.0 nm) and Keur Tierno Tala (1.0 nm).
Hatice Gonnet-Bağana

Hatice Gonnet-Bağana (born 1932, in Istanbul) is a Turkish archaeologist specialising in the Hittites. She is an emerita researcher at the French National Centre for Scientific Research.
Hatice Bağana was born in Istanbul in 1932. Her great-grandfather, Mehmed Said Bey (1865-1928), was an interpreter at the Ottoman court. Her father, Mehmet Ali Bağana, was one of the first administrators of the Republic of Turkey, instrumental in Turkish land reform. When he was posted to Paris to work at the OECD, she studied archaeology and history of art at École pratique des hautes études (1967) and subsequently the École du Louvre (1969). In 1969, she joined the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). She obtained her doctorate under the guidance of Emmanuel Laroche in 1973 at the University of Paris I. After Laroche's retirement, she became the head of the Hittitology department at the École pratique des hautes études. She retired in 1997 as an honorary researcher of the CNRS, and was elected as a member of the Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft in Berlin. Between 1997 and 2011, she taught at the École du Louvre.
In 1964, Hatice Bağana married Antoine Gonnet, a French artist. He died in 2004.
In 2014, Gonnet-Bağana donated her archive of correspondence, academic research, lecture notes and extensive documentation of Hittitology to Koç University in Turkey.
In 1979, Hatice Gonnet-Bağana was in the village of Beyköy, searching for traces of Hittite presence. In 1884, a stone inscription (since lost) of Hittite writing had been documented by W. M. Ramsay, while C. H. Emilie Haspels found second millennium BCE sherds in the area. Gonnet-Bağana's team, hoping to see Hittite artefacts reused locally, was unable to find any, but did establish Chalcolithic remains and determined a Phrygian presence in the area, later reused by Romans. Ramsay's inscription was deciphered in 2017 as writing in the Luwian language (on the orders of a local monarch Kupanta-Kurunta), which triggered further interest in Beyköy. Georges Perrot, a French archaeologist, had claimed that the stone was used in the construction of a local mosque, but this was dismissed by Gonnet-Bağana. Her investigations in the area continued the following year, when she discovered and annotated several rock-cut altars.
ප්‍රස්ථාව පිරුළු (සිංහල භාෂාව)

යල් පැන ගිය තීන්දු තීරණ ඇතැම් විට යහපත් ඒවා වන්නටද පුලුවන.
තැනට ගැලපෙන ආකාරයට විවිධ අවස්ථාවන්හිදී විශාල අර්ථයක් ප්‍රකාශ කිරීම වෙනුවට කෙටි වැකියක් (ප්‍රස්තාව පිරුළු) යොදාගැනීම සිංහල භාෂාවේ නිතර දක්නට ලැබේ. මෙය යම්විටෙක උපහාසාත්මක ප්‍රකාශ ඉදිරිපත් කිරීමට ද යොදා ගනී. බොහෝ අවස්ථා වලදී මෙම ප්‍රස්ථා පිරුළු බිහිවීම ගැන පසුබිම් කතන්දර/ජනකතා පවතී.
''ප්‍රස්තාව'' යනු අවස්ථාවටයි. වෙලාවටයි. සුදුසු මෙහොතටයි. ශ්‍රී සුමංගල ශබ්ද කෝෂයේ ''ප්‍රස්තාව'' යන්නට අවස්ථාව, වෙලාව අධිකාරිය, පටන් ගැන්ම 'විවාහය' යන අර්ථ ද දී තිබෙන අතර, පිරිවුඵ (පාරිවට්ට) යන්නට ඒ වෙලාවට පමණක් ප්‍රයෝජනය ගෙන පසුව හිමියාට භාරදෙනු පිණිස ඉල්ලාගත් දෙය (තාවකාලික දෙයක්) ලෙස පැහැදිලි කර තිබේ.
මේ අනුව බලන විට ''සුදුසු අවස්ථාවට ප්‍රයෝජන ලබාගැනීම සදහා අනුන්ගෙන් ලබාගත් වැකි'' යන්න ප්‍රස්තාව පිරුළු යන්න සුදුසුම ආසන්න අර්ථය බව දැක්වීම නිවැරදි වෙයි.
හැල කිඹුලා

හැල කිඹුලා (ක්‍රොකඩිලස් පලූස්ට්‍රිස් = "හැලෙහි" කිඹුලා), ඉන්දියානු අර්ධද්වීපයෙහි සහ පකිස්තානය වැනි අවට රටවල් පුරා දක්නට ලැබෙන අතර, පකිස්තානයෙහි සින්දු කිඹුලා ලෙසින්ද හැඳින්වෙන මෙම හැල කිඹුලා, පකිස්තානයෙහි ජාතික උරගයා වෙයි.
කිඹුල් උභතෝකෝටිකය

කිඹුල් උභතෝකෝටිකය යනු තර්ක ශාස්ත්‍රයෙහි එන නොවිසිඳියහැකි ගැටළුවකි. තර්කාංගය කියනුයේ කිඹුලෙක් විසින් දරුවෙකු සොරකම්කරගෙන පියාට පොරොන්දු වන්නේ කිඹුලා දරුවාට සිදු කරන දේ නිවැරැදිව පුරෝකථනය කිරීමට සමත්වුවහොත් ඔහුගේ පුත්‍රයා නැවත සුරක්ෂිතව ලැබෙන්නට සලස්වන බවයි.
දරුවා නැවත බාරදෙන බවට පියා අනුමාන කලහොත් ගනුදෙනුව තර්කශාස්ත්‍රානුකූලව සුමට (එහෙත් භාවිකථනීය නොවන) වන අතර, දෙපාර්ශවයටම උභතෝකෝටිකයක් පැන නගින්නේ දරුවා නැවත භාර නොදෙන්නේ යයි ඔහු අනුමාන කලහොත් ය. මෙහිදී දරුවා තබා ගැනුමට කිඹුලා තීරණය කලහොත්, ඔහුගේ කොන්දේසි ඔහු විසින්ම කඩ කෙරෙයි: පියාගේ අනාවැකිය සත්‍යවූ බැවින් දරුවා නැවත භාර දිය යුතුය. කෙසේවෙතත්, දරුවා නැවත භාරදීමට කිඹුලා තීරණය කලහොත්, මෙම තීරණය පෙර ප්‍රතිඵලය පදනම් කරගෙන ගනු ලැබූවක් වුවද, එවිටත් ඔහු විසින් ඔහුගේම කොන්දේසි කඩකරනු ලබයි: එය එසේ වන්නේ කිඹුලා විසින් දරුවා නැවත භාර දීම නිසා පියාගේ අනාවැකිය අසත්‍ය වීම නිසා දරුවා නැවත භාර දිය නොයුතු බැවිනි. කිඹුලා කුමක් කල යුතුද යන පැණය එබැවින් විරුද්ධාභාසී වන අතර, යුක්තිගෝචර විසඳුමක් එයට නොමැත්තේය.
පාරදැනුම විසින් ඉදිරිපත් කෙරෙන තර්ක ශාස්ත්‍රානුකූල ගැටළු සමහරක් නිරාවරණය කිරීමට කිඹුල් උභතෝකෝටිකය උපකාරී වෙයි. මේ අතින් බලන කල, දැනුම පිළිබඳ පහත උපකල්පනයන්, සමූහ වශයෙන් පරික්‍ෂාකර බැලූ කල, අසංස්ථිත බව පැහැදිලි කිරීමට, රිචඩ් මොන්ටාජ් (1960) විසින් භාවිතා කල අනපේක්‍ෂිත ආලම්භ විරුද්ධාභාසය ට සන්දර්භය අතින් එක්සම බව පෙනේ:
කිඹුල් උභතෝකෝටිකය සාකච්ඡා කල පළමුවැන්නන් වූයේ පුරාතන ග්‍රීක ප්‍රභවයන්ය.
සොබෙක්

සොබෙක්,සෙබෙක් යන නාමයන්ගෙන් හදුන්වන මේ දෙවියන් පුරාණ ඊජිප්තුවේ ජලයේ දෙවියන් වේ. ෆායුම් වලදී මේ ශුද්ධ වූ කිඹුලා හට තම ව්‍රතය ලැබුණි. කොම් ඔම්බෝ නම් නගරයේ වන්දනාමාන කළ මේ දෙවියන් හට අප්‍රිකානු කිඹුල් හිසක් ඇත. අදටත් කොම් ඔම්බොස් වලට යන ඔබට මේ කිඹුල් දෙවියන් හට ඉදි කල දෙවොල සහ කිඹුල් මමී බලාගත හැක.
සැකිල්ල:Ancient Egyptian religion
ව්‍යවර්තය

ව්‍යවර්තය යනු බලයක්‌ මගින්‌ වස්‌තුවක්‌ යම්‌ අක්ෂයක්‌ හෝ ධරයක්‌ වටා භ්‍රමණය කීරීමට අැති හැකියාවය්‌. ව්‍යවර්තය, බලයක ඝූර්‌නය ෙලසද හැඳින්‌විය හැක. දෘඪ වස්‌තුවක ව්‍යවර්තයක්‌ යෙදූ විට එය භ්‍රමණය කීරීමට හැකිය. තන්‍ය වස්‌තුවක ව්‍යවර්තයක්‌ යෙදූ විට එහි හැඩය විකෘත කීරීමට හැකිය.
ව්‍යාවර්තය = බලය × බලයේ ක්‍රියා රේඛාවට ඇති ලම්භ
kgm2s-2 = kgms-2 × m
Cuisine of Pondicherry

The cuisine of the Indian union territory of Pondicherry consists of a mixture of Tamil and French influence, given the history of the area as a former French outpost in India until the late 20th Century. Common foods include baguettes and croissants with coffee for breakfast, ratatouille, coq au vin, bouillabaisse, which all show their French heritage or South Indian meals such as masala dosa, sambar or idli.
While a French colony, the local cuisine was downplayed. "Leaving aside the food of the Indian class, which does most of the time consist of boiled rice seasoned with a scanty patch of grass or fish, we will provide only some details about the European diet. [...]"
Food in Pondicherry is strongly influenced by the French. Salade niçoise, crêpes (both sweet and savoury) and crème brûlée are among popular French dishes still prepared in Pondicherry. Multiple French restaurants are located in the area, including bakeries, cafés, seafood restaurants and traditional French restaurants. There was also much cross-pollination between Pondicherry and South Asia and Vietnam (both were under French control) as people travelled between these two locations for business, for administration and as part of the armed forces. Tamil food was refined by French influence, using much less spice.
The cuisine from the neighbouring Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala have also influenced the cuisine of Pondicherry. Recently growth of North Indian community at Pondicherry brought many North Indian chaat shops to Pondicherry.
Given the history of the area, local cuisine is a fusion of many cultures. Dosas made like crepes with meat and cheese instead of masala are an example. Chaiyos (a kind of Vietnamese spring roll made from rice flour) also appear in local restaurants. Vindaloo is different than in Goa (a result of the area’s Portuguese past). Prawn malay curry also shows influence from South East Asia. Pondicherrian Fish Assad Curry, a coconut-milk-laden curry, flavoured with anise and curry leaves and finished with a squeeze of lime is a "quintessential" local dish. Bouillabaisse morphed into Meen Puyabaise with turmeric to suit the French palate. With the passage of time, local creole dishes have slowly begun to fade from restaurants in Pondicherry, with some older residents attempting to keep these dishes alive by offering classes in their homes on how to prepare them.
List of Swiss breads

Bread has been a staple food in Switzerland for millennia, probably since the dawn of agriculture, the Swiss Plateau being the main cereal region of the country.
Nowadays, bread is consumed by all Swiss and accompanies practically every meal, therefore it makes an integral part of Swiss cuisine. There are several hundreds of different Swiss breads, owing to the diversity of culture and traditions found in the country.
This list includes both national, regional and sweet breads.
Portuguese Ceylon

Portuguese Ceylon (Portuguese: Ceilão Português; Sinhala: පෘතුගීසි ලංකාව; Tamil: போர்த்துக்கேய இலங்கை) is the name given to the territory on Ceylon, modern-day Sri Lanka, controlled by the Portuguese Empire between 1597 and 1658.
Portuguese presence in the island lasted from 1505 to 1658. Their arrival was largely accidental, and the Portuguese sought control of commerce, rather than territory. The Portuguese were later drawn into the internal politics of the island with the political upheaval of the Wijayaba Kollaya, and used these internal divisions to their advantage during the Sinhalese–Portuguese War, first in an attempt to control the production of valuable cinnamon and later of the entire island. Direct Portuguese rule did not begin until after the death of Dharmapala of Kotte, who died without an heir, and had bequeathed the Kingdom of Kotte to the Portuguese monarch in 1580. That allowed the Portuguese sufficient claim to the Kingdom of Kotte upon Dharmapala's death in 1597. Portuguese rule began with much resistance by the local population.
Eventually, the Kingdom of Kandy sought help from the Dutch East India Company, with whom they initially entered into agreement. After the collapse of the Iberian economy in 1627, the Dutch–Portuguese War saw the Dutch conquest of most of Portugal's Asian colonies – Ceylon included, between 1638 and 1658. Nevertheless, elements of Portuguese culture from this colonial period remain in Sri Lanka.
Portuguese knew Sri Lanka by the name ''Seylan''. In 1505 King of Portugal instructed General Dom Francisco de Almeida to find the island of ''Seylan'' when he was appointed as the emperor of the East by the Portuguese. When the Portuguese were trying to establish relations with Ceylon, Dom Lourenço de Almeida, son of Dom Francisco de Almeida, and others arrived by chance in 1505 AD. So, the first contact between Sri Lanka and the Portuguese was established by Dom Lourenço de Almeida in 1505. It was largely accidental and it wasn't until 12 years later that the Portuguese sought to establish a fortified trading settlement.
Direct Portuguese rule began after the death of Dharmapala of Kotte who bequeathed the Kingdom of Kotte to the Portuguese monarch. By 1600 the Portuguese had consolidated the main centers of rebellion, the Kelani and Kalu ganga basins, leaving the border regions to Sinhalese resistance.
Cinnamon and black pepper were main spices exported by Portuguese.
There are many foods of Portuguese influence that are still popular in Sri Lanka. For example, lingus and pastries.
Sinhala words for certain types of Western attire/ furniture/ food & drink are derived from the Portuguese. Some examples are below:
Click here for more examples.....
2°11′20″N 102°23′4″E﻿ / ﻿2.18889°N 102.38444°E﻿ / 2.18889; 102.38444
The Great Australian Bake Off season 8

The eighth season of The Great Australian Bake Off premiered on 18 September 2024 on the LifeStyle channel, and saw 12 home bakers take part in a bake-off to test their baking skills as they battled to be crowned The Great Australian Bake Off's best amateur baker. The season consisted of 10 episodes. Each episode saw bakers put through three challenges, with each episode having its own theme or discipline. The season was hosted by Cal Wilson (in her final hosting role) and Natalie Tran, and was judged by Darren Purchese and Rachel Khoo.
The eighth season, filmed earlier in 2023, aired in 2024 and was the second and final appearance of Cal Wilson as host as she died in October 2023. The eighth season premiered on 18 September 2024 and honoured Cal Wilson.
The following is the list of the bakers that competed this season:
Colour key:
Airdate: 18 September 2024
Airdate: 25 September 2024
Airdate: 2 October 2024
Airdate: 9 October 2024
Airdate: 16 October 2024
Airdate: 23 October 2024
Airdate: 30 October 2024
Airdate: 6 November 2024
Airdate: 13 November 2024
Socialism in Sri Lanka

The Socialism in Sri Lanka or Sri Lankan socialism is a political philosophy that is shared by various political parties of the country. Socialist parties, especially the Trotskyist Lanka Sama Samaja Party, have played a major role in the country's history from the time of the Sri Lankan Independence movement. Socialist ideology shaped the principal economic and social policies of Sirimavo Bandaranaike and the Sri Lanka Freedom Party during the 1970s. Several sectors of the economy including banking, insurance and some privately owned estates were nationalized during her tenure. Bread and several essential items were rationed by the government at the time.
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna is a communist and Marxist–Leninist party and political movement in Sri Lanka. The movement was involved in two armed uprisings in Sri Lanka; however they entered into the democratic process in 1994.
Lanka Sama Samaja Party is a Trotskyist political party in Sri Lanka who played a major role in the independence movement of Sri Lanka.
Sri Lanka Freedom Party is one of the major and most well known political parties in Sri Lanka. It was founded by S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike. After independence, the SLFP represented a form of non-revolutionary populist socialism and a policy of non-alignment with strong ties to socialist countries. However, after 1995 the party moved towards a more social democratic philosophy that sought to combine both the free market and the SLFP's traditional people friendly policies.
Choon Paan

Choon Paan is a typical Sri Lankan mobile bread vendor. The choon paan delivery is incorporated with a style of Beethoven music while selling the bakery items mostly bread items to customers on streets and also at the doorsteps of the customers. The choon paan delivery became popular among Sri Lankans and also among foreign tourists during their visits to Sri Lanka.
Choon Paan is a Sinhalese word which depicts the meaning of a music bread.
The origins of the choon paan concept date back to the early 2000s, as it was during that point of time, the trend of tuk tuk vehicles slowly began in Sri Lanka. Coinciding with the growing popularity of tuk tuk vehicles in Sri Lanka during the early 2000s, bakers in Sri Lanka implemented a paradigm shift approach by using tuk tuk vehicles to transport and deliver the bakery items. The choon paan vehicles had been operating with a recorded music tune which was extracted from the German veteran music composer Ludwig van Beethoven's musical composition of Für Elise. The tuk tuk drivers acknowledged that the Beethoven’s musical rendition Für Elise had been rated as one of the most popular ringtones during early 2000s and they decided to capitalise on the trend by including the musical tune while selling baked items to customers.
Choon Paan tuk tuk vehicles have become an integral part of everyday life in Sri Lankan context and the vehicles have been operating across all parts of Sri Lanka. Choon Paan over the years, has also cemented a sentimental element in the lives of Sri Lankans for facilitating a convenient method of purchasing short eats and bakery household items at affordable prices. Choon Paan had been engaged in selling various food items, including sugar-coated kimbula bun, maalu paan (fish bun), tea bun, elawalu rotti (vegetable rotti), ulundu vadai. Choon Paan delivery vehicles, frequently in the form of the three-wheelers and also in the form of lorries have been designed with the attribute of a glass display cabinet to arrange the baked goods in an orderly manner.
However, the operation of the choon paan trucks and choon paan three-wheelers slowly began to decline in Sri Lanka with the change in mindset of Sri Lankans as a majority of the Sri Lankans opted for food delivery and home delivery apps such as Uber Eats, PickMe which significantly diminished the choon paan delivery service. Such demographic changes also hampered the livelihoods of choon paan delivery drivers whose revenue streams took a massive dent as people began to order foods through online platforms. In 2017, the Sri Lankan government imposed a ban on the usage of loud music by the choon paan vehicles, and the government instructed choon paan drivers to emit sound above a certain decibel level.
The slowly diminishing choon paan delivery service was eventually brought back to the fore and was revived during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka in March 2020, when the Sri Lankan government announced to close the restaurants, bakeries, and all “non-essential” businesses, while the government allowed the operation of choon paan vehicles, labelling it as an essential service.
MasterChef Australia series 16

The sixteenth series of the Australian television cooking show MasterChef Australia was announced in October 2023 and premiered on 22 April 2024 on Network Ten. Series 4 winner Andy Allen returned as judge from the previous series having held the role since series 12, whilst Melissa Leong left the show to judge the second series of Dessert Masters and Jock Zonfrillo died prior to the broadcast of the previous series. Food writer Sofia Levin, French chef Jean-Christophe Novelli and series 1 runner-up Poh Ling Yeow took over as judges, replacing Leong and Zonfrillo.
The series was won by Nat Thaipun in the grand finale against Josh Perry, broadcast on 16 July 2024.
Unlike previous series, the number of judges was increased from three to four and the program was broadcast only four nights per week. The number of contestants also increased from 18 in the previous series to 22, however, remained less than the typical 24 contestants. Like the previous two series, the audition stage was not broadcast. The Second Chance Challenge returns where the eliminated contestants (besides Lourdes & Stephen) compete for a spot back in the competition. In addition, the returning contestant will also be safe at Sunday's Elimination. Like the twelfth series, there was only one immunity pin up for grabs for the series at the start of the competition.
The Top 22 was announced on 14 April 2024.
Future appearances
Bolo fiado

Bolo Fiado, or Bolo Folhado (Sinhala: බොලෝ ෆියාඩෝ), is a Sri Lankan laminated/layer cake. It is made of sweet pastry layers, alternating with a cashew nut, sugar and rose water filling. It has the appearance of a thick Mille-feuille or large Danish pastry.
The cake was introduced by the Portuguese but has evolved into a confectionery unique to Sri Lanka. The original recipe of Bolo Fiado dates back to the 16th century, when the Portuguese controlled the coastal areas of the country. Its name has Portuguese origins, bolo is Portuguese for cake, and folhado meaning a leaf or sheet. It has since been adapted by the Burgher community. One of the first literary mentions of Bolo Fiado was in Hilda Deutrom's Ceylon Daily News Cookery Book, published in 1929.
Bolo Fiado is made with a type of shortcrust pastry, consisting of flour, water, butter, egg yolks and sugar, which are folded into layers. The filling traditionally consists of sugar water, cashew nuts (known as cadju in Sri Lanka) and rose water. Variations to the filling include the use of preserved or crystalised ash pumpkin (puhul dosi), rasins and spices.
Unilever Sri Lanka

Unilever Sri Lanka is a Sri Lankan consumer goods company located in Colombo. It is wholly owned by Unilever, a British multinational consumer goods company. Its products include food, beauty products, personal care, pharmaceuticals, and baby products. Unilever Sri Lanka was established in 1938 as Lever Brother Ceylon Limited. In 1972, it was renamed Unilever Sri Lanka. The company has been ranked as Most Valuable and Strongest Brand and Most Respected Entity. The company has over two dozen brands that are market leaders in Sri Lanka since the 1940s. Unilever operates from a factory complex in an industrial zone of Horana since 2012. About 96% of the company's products are manufactured locally, and more than twenty of its brands are exported outside Sri Lanka.
Unilever Sri Lanka's largest factory facility, in Horana, is ISO 9001-certified. It manufactures up to 200 products, covering fourteen brands. In 2015, the company won the SLIM Brand Excellence award. Unilever Sri Lanka has developed a plastic-free, environmentally friendly packaging system. It was awarded the first eco-friendly baby product SLS certification in 2020.
Sri Lankan Canadians

Sri Lankan Canadians refers to people from Sri Lanka who have arrived and settled in Canada. Among these immigrants include members from the Tamil, Moor, Malay, Sinhalese and Burgher ethnicities. According to the 2021 census there are 136,240 Sri Lankan-born persons in Canada.
Sri Lankan Canadians are concentrated in the cities of Toronto (Malvern) and Montreal. According to the 2001 census, there are 62,000 Canadians who claim Sri Lankan ancestry, but only 10,000 claimed to be of Sinhalese ancestry. The number may not be an actual representation because many Tamil Canadians from Sri Lanka classify themselves as Tamil rather than Sri Lankan.
The Sri Lankan Canadian Population according to Statistics Canada in the 2006 census in the 10 Canadian Provinces and 3 territories:
Some Sri Lankan Canadians hold citizenship in both Canada and Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan government encourage Sri Lankan expatriates to obtain the citizenship of their country of birth at a fee and to return to Sri Lanka at a future date. There is a drive to attract the educated Sri Lankan immigrants in Canada for new opportunities arising in the government sector of Sri Lanka (such as universities, research institutes etc.), which may sometime require the applicants to be Sri Lankan citizens.
Sri Lankan Organizations and Associations in Canada and their role: There is a considerable number of Sri Lankan associations in Canada. The main objectives of these associations are to help the immigrants, continue their Sri Lankan traditions and to help Sri Lanka. Some of these associations are ethnic based but majority of the cities have associations which cater to all people having a link with Sri Lanka regardless of their ethnic or political orientation (E.g. [Tamil Cultural Association of Waterloo region [community organisation for Kitchener, Waterloo, Cambridge, Guelph, Brantford]).
List of Sri Lankan organizations and associations in Ontario:
News Papers catering Sri Lankan Canadians A number of newspapers are printed in Ontario to cater the Sri Lankan diaspora. They are printed in English, Tamil and Sinhalese languages and distributed free. These news papers mainly tell the stories from Sri Lanka (current and old) and talks about the achievements of Canadian Sri Lankans. Sometimes, they get into small discussions on Sri Lankan politics as well as give some general information and tips necessary to help immigrants survive in Canada. These newspapers can be picked up at some grocery stores where they sell Sri Lankan food, places of religious worship, etc.
List of Sri Lankan news papers available in Ontario.
Famous Sri Lankan Canadians include Michael Ondaatje and his financier brother Christopher Ondaatje; Principal Research scientist at the National Research Council of Canada Chandre Dharma-wardana; Academic Engineer Indira Samarasekera, musician Nirmala Basnayake, formerly of the band controller.controller; news anchor Anne-Marie Mediwake; anchor novelist Shyam Selvadurai; cricketers Sanjayan Thuraisingam, film Actor, producer and multiple Guinness World Record-holder Suresh Joachim; and Pubudu Dassanayake.
Diego Pérez (tenista)

Diego Pérez Burín (Montevideo, 9 de febrero de 1962) es un exjugador de tenis uruguayo. Es uno de los mejores tenistas uruguayos de la historia junto a Marcelo Filippini y Pablo Cuevas.
Se convirtió en profesional en 1981 y en 1984 alcanzó el puesto n.º 27 del ranking mundial, la segunda mejor posición para un tenista uruguayo hasta el momento, después de Pablo Cuevas. En 1985 alcanzó su primera final en un torneo de ATP en el Torneo de Buenos Aires donde perdió en la final ante Martín Jaite. Más tarde en ese mismo año conseguiría su único título profesional en la modalidad de sencillos en la ciudad francesa de Burdeos, sobre canchas de polvo de ladrillo. En dobles ganó otros 3 títulos de nivel ATP.
Su juego estaba muy adaptado a las canchas lentas y jugaba pocos torneos sobre canchas rápidas. Su mejor actuación en un Grand Slam fue en 1992 en Roland Garros donde alcanzó la cuarta ronda tras superar en la rueda anterior a Richard Krajicek, luego perdiendo ante el sueco Nicklas Kulti. Entre las victorias más resonantes de su carrera se encuentran aquellas ante Guillermo Vilas, Yannick Noah, Boris Becker y Jim Courier, a quien venció en el torneo de Kitzbuhel 1992 cuando este era el n.º 1 del mundo y venía de ganar el Abierto de Francia de ese año.
Es también, junto a Marcelo Filippini, el jugador uruguayo con más victorias en sencillos para el Equipo uruguayo de Copa Davis.