davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
List of Sonic the Hedgehog video games

Sonic the Hedgehog is a video game series. It is published by Sega, with entries developed by Sega, Sonic Team, Traveller's Tales, Dimps, SIMS Co., Ltd., BioWare, Hardlight, Aspect, Sumo Digital, Gameloft, Gamefam Studios, and Arzest. The series debuted in 1991 with the video game, Sonic the Hedgehog, released for the Mega Drive video game console (named Sega Genesis in North America). In its earliest history, most Sonic the Hedgehog games had been platform games released for Sega video game consoles and handheld game consoles (handhelds), dating from the Sega Genesis to the Sega Dreamcast. However, some of the original games were ported into versions on newer third-party home consoles and developed by various companies. As of March 2011, the series has collectively sold 89 million copies worldwide across both the platform games and spin-offs.
The most popular games in the franchise are platform games, although the series also includes other genres such as racing games, fighting games, action-adventure games, role-playing video games, and sports video games. Each game focuses on the titular protagonist Sonic the Hedgehog, an anthropomorphic blue hedgehog. It also features a large cast of other characters such as Doctor Ivo "Eggman" Robotnik, Miles "Tails" Prower, Knuckles the Echidna, Amy Rose, Shadow the Hedgehog, and the Chao creatures.
Ganduang

Ganduang tu adolah istilah nan digunokan dek masyarakaik Matua Katik, Nagari Matua Hilia, Kabupaten Agam untuak manyabuik tando aneh nan ado di kaniang bagian bawah anak ketek jo nan di tangah bateh alih mato kida. Ganduang juo dianggap sabagai tando ka urang tuo si anak ketek bahasonyo anak ketek tasabuik ka tumbuah parangai nan indak elok, umpamo mada, kareh hati, jo sulik diaja. Tando bawarna kabiruan nan dapek dilihek sajak anak ketek lahia tasabuik juo dipacayo sabagai tando nan dititip dek jin jahek dalam hiduik anak ketek tasabuik.
Pulau Anak Krakatau

Pulau Anak Krakatau 6°6′0″S, 105°25′0″E, adolah pulau vulkanik ketek, nan muncua di antaro pulau Sertung(Bld.: Verlaten Eiland) jo pulau Rakata Ketek atau pulau Panjang (Bld.: Lang Eiland) pado taun 1927, di titiak nan dulunyo adolah lauik nan bakadalaman 27 m jo sabalunnyo panah manjadi bagian daratan pulau Rakata. Tampilan pulau iko didominasi dek gunuang api nan masih aktif, Gunuang Anak Krakatau. Hampia satiok wakatu, hanyo jo jeda babarapo bulan, gunuang ko acok malatuik ketek jo tipe "Stromboli", barupo latuihan eksplosif nan mamancakan material baru ka udaro, untuak mambangun tubuahnyo.
Pulau ko adolah pulau tamudo di Indonesia nan tabantuak dek aktivitas vulkanik.
Guguihan kapulauan Krakatau, tamasuak Anak Krakatau, sacaro administratif marupokan wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, Provinsi Lampung. Saluruah kawasan kapulauan marupokan kawasan talinduang sacaro hukum, sabagai Cagar Alam Krakatau nan dikalola dek BKSDA (Badan Konservasi Sumberdayo Alam) Lampung Selatan. Kawasan ko, tarutamo pulau Anak Krakatau, mamiliki kaistimewaan dari sisi ekologi karano manjadi laboratorium alam baa suatu ekosistem mambangun baliak dirinyo dalam situasi nan relatif tarisolasi. Dari sisi geologi pun kawasan ko juo manjadi tampek baraja ekosistem.
Aktivitas gunuang api kini dipantau dari duo titiak: Pos Pangamatan Carita di sisi Pulau Jao jo dari Pos Pangamatan Kalianda di sisi Pulau Sumatera. Salain itu, di babarapo titiak Pulau Anak Krakatau juo dipasang babarapa alaik pamantau aktivitas vulkanik (meskipun bakali-kali rusak dek aktivitas gunuang api nan amaik tinggi).
Sidukuang anak (niruri)

Sidukuang anak (Phyllanthus niruri) adolah suatu jinih tumbuahan tropis lia nan taseba laweh di dunia, nan umumnyo dapek ditamuan di daerah-daerah pasisia. Tumbuahan ko disabuik damikian dek karano adonyo biji-biji nan tumbuah malakek di bawah daun-daunnyo, jadi saulah-ulah sarupo jo urang nan mandukuang anaknyo.
Si dukuang anak acok dipakai sabagai salah satu bahan ubek tradisional.
Tumbuahan ko disabuik juo jo namo meniran ijo (baso Jawa), dukong anak (baso Malayu), atau Chanca Piedra (baso Spanyol).
Tumbuahan ko tumbuah inggo 50-70 sentimeter, jo batang-batang nan rimbun daunnyo. Batangnyo lambuik kaijauan, ditumbuahi bungo-bungo bawarno ijau pucek atau takadang agak sirah. Buahnyo sabana ketek, anyo barupo butia-butia nan baisi biji.
Sidukuang anak (urinaria)

Sidukuang anak (diijo pulo karambia-karambia atau sidukuang sajo) atau Phyllanthus urinaria adolah sajinih tanaman nan mampunyoi bantuak batang bulek tagak luruih, tinggi tanaman bisa mancapai sameter labiah dalam kondisi tanah subur. Daun dari tanaman ko batulang manyirip ganok, satiok satangkai mampunyoi daun majemuk jo ukuran nan ketek jo babantuak lonjong. Bungo tumbuahan ko ado di satiok katiak daun sarato maadok ka bagian bawah.
Sidukuang anak umumnyo indak dipiaro, karano dianggap tumbuahan rumpuik biaso. Sidukuang anak tumbuah subur di tampek nan lambok pado dataran randah sampai katinggian 1000 meter di atek pamukoan lauik. Senyawa kimia nan takanduang di dalam sidukuang anak adolah zat filantin, kalium, damar jo zat panyamak. Tanaman ko dapek digunokan untuak ubek panyakik kuniang, disentri, batuak, damam, sawan, haid balabiahan jo malaria.
Dalam bahaso Indonesia, tumbuahan ko disabuik meniran. Dalam bahaso Inggirih disabuik juo jo chamber bitter, gripeweed, shatterstone, stonebreaker, atau leafflower. Panamoan "sidukuang anak" indak hanyo untuak spesies urinaria sajo, tapi niruri juo.
Sidukuang anak dapek tumbuah inggo 50 cm jo bantuak batangnyo nan bulek. Badaun ijau galok (Phyllanthus nuri) atau ijau agak sirah (Phyllanthus urinaria). Bantuak daunnyo daun majemuk bajumlah anam, nan tiok daunnyo ketek, bulek lonjong (gadang di ujuang, ketek di pangka). Daunnyo manyuruak di malam ari dan mambukak di siang ari. Bungonyo barono putiah kaijauan, ketek, jo muncua di katiak daun, sarato kapsul bijo. Banyak buah ijau-sirah ketek, bulek, jo aluih, ditamukan di sapanjang bagian bawah batang, nan tagak jo sirah.
Tanaman ko dianggap sabagai amo kompetitif di babarapo daerah, dek jumlah bijonyo nan gadang, toleransi naungannyo nan tinggi, sarato sistem ureknyo nan laweh.
Walau barasa dari Asia, tumbuahan ko sacaro laweh dapek tasuo di sadoalah daerah tropis di dunia. Di Amerika Sarikat, dapek tasuo di nagara-nagara bagian sarupo Virginia, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Karolina Selatan, New Mexico, atau Texas.
Tumbuahan ko paralu tanah jo cahayo nan angek. Di daerah ampek musim, tumbuahan ko tumbuah di musim paneh taunan dan mulai bakacambah dari awal musim paneh inggo awa musim gugua.
Ketupat Lebaran

Ketupat Lebaran (bahaso Minang: katupek rayo) marupoan sabuah album katigo karya penyanyi cilik Indonesia, Tasya. Album iko dirilis sajak taun 2001. Sadoalah lagu dibuek dek AT Mahmud. Album iko mengisahkan tantang nyanyian-nyanyian seputar Ramadhan atau ari rayo idul fitri. Nyanyian iko sangaik diingek dek masyarakat, baiak anak ketek ataupun urang gadang, karano liriknya nan unik dan manariak hati, bahkan sempat manjadi jingle untuak iklan.
Istanbul

Istanbul adolah kota paliang gadang di Turki, nan talatak di Selat Bosporus, parbatasan antaro Eropa jo Asia. Kota iko dianggap sabagai ibu kota ekonomi, budaya, jo sijarah negara tersebut. Kota iko punyo populasi labih dari 15 juta panduduak, nan terdiri dari 19% populasi Turki, dan marupoan kota paliang padek di Eropa sarato kota paliang gadang kalima baleh di dunia.
Kota ini ditagakan sabagai Bizantium pado abaik ka-7 SM dek para pamukim Yunani dari Megara. Pado tahun 330 M, Kaisar Romawi Konstantinus Agung manjadiannyo sabagai ibu kota kakaisarannyo, maagiahnyo namo Roma Baru (bahaso Yunani Kuno: Νέα Ῥώμη Nea Rhomē; bahaso Latin: Nova Roma), lalu akhianyo manjadi Konstantinopel (Konstantinopolis) sasuai jo namanyo surang. Pado tahun 1930, namo kota ini sacaro resmi diubah manjadi Istanbul, terjemahan bahaso Turki dari εἰς τὴν Πόλιν eis tḕn Pólin nan aratinyo 'ka Kota', sebutan nan dipakai dek para panutur bahaso Yunani sajak abaik ka-11 untuak manyabuik kota iko dalam bahaso sahari-hari.
Kota ini bafungsi sabagai ibu kota kakaisaran salamo ampaing 1600 tahun: salamo kakaisaran Bizantium (330-1204), Latin (1204-1261), Bizantium akhir (1261-1453), jo Utsmaniyah (1453-1922)..
Kamadjaja

Karkono Partokusumo (lahia di Sragen, Jawa Tengah, Hindia Belanda, 23 November 1915 – maningga di Yogyakarta, 05 Juli 2003 pado umua 87 taun), nan labih tanamo jo namo penanyo Kamadjaja (EYD: Kamajaya) adolah sauorang jurnalis jo pangarang Indonesia. Inyo parnah manjadi anggota Konstituante RI mawakili Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI). Inyo marupoan paman dari politikus PDI Perjuangan, Daryatmo Mardiyanto.
Jumaldi Alfi

Jumaldi Alfi (lahia di Lintau, Tanah Datar, Sumatera Barat, 19 Juli 1973; umua 51 taun) adolah surang parupo kontemporer Indonesia. Inyo basamo ampek urang kawannyo, iyolah Handiwirman Saputra, Rudi Mantofani, Yunizar, jo Yusra Martunus, tagabuang dalam Kelompok Seni Rupa Jendela (KSR Jendela) nan laia sarato babasis di kota Yogyakarta, DIY.
Sabagai palukih, Jumaldi alah malakuan banyak pameran atau eksebisi, baiak di babagai kota di dalam nagari maupun di lua nagari, sarupo di Amsterdam, Singapura, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong, New York, Shanghai, Beijing, Paris, sarato lainnyo. Jumaldi Alfi adolah alumni dari Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta (ISI Yogyakarta) (1993-1999). Sabalunnyo inyo manamaikan pandidikan manangah di Sekolah Menengah Seni Rupa (SMSR) Yogyakarta.
Jumaldi Alfi basamo 20 parupo Indonesia lainnyo masuak dalam daftar 500 palukih talaris di dunia badasarkan Top 500 Artprice 2008/2009 nan disusun dek sabuah limbago analis pakambangan pasar seni rupo dunia, Artprice, nan babasis di kota Paris, Perancis.
Imam

Imam (/ɪˈmɑːm/; bahaso Arab: إمام‎ imām; jamak: أئمة aʼimmah) adolah istilah sabuah posisi pamimpin dalam Islam. Istilah ko biasonyo dipakai sabagai gala bagi pamimpin ibadah (salat) di musajik maupun dalam pimpinan komunitas Muslim tarutamo Islam Sunni. Pado konteks ko, imam dapek mamimpin palayanan dalam kagiatan ibadah dalam Islam, malayani sabagai pamimpin komunitas, jo maagiah nasihaik agamo.
Samantaro bagi Islam Syiah, imam punyo paran jo makna nan labiah tapusek tarutamo dalam konsep imamahnyo. Istilah ko baginyo, hanyo buliah dipakai bagi para ahlul bait (kaluarga nabi Muhammad).
Posisi imam dalam Sunni babeda jo nan dipakai dek Syiah, pabedaan utamo nan acok diabaikan dek urang di lua Islam. Pado istilah sahari-hari, imam dalam Islam Sunni bararti surang nan mamimpin salat wajib, bahkan di lokasi lua musajik. Khutbah jumaik biasonyo diagiah dek imam nan lah ditunjuak (marangkap katik). Sadoalah musajik punyo ciek imam untuak mamimpin salat bajamaah, walau kadang-kadang ditunjuak dari salah saurang dari jamaah sajo bukan urang nan lah batunjuak jo bagaji.
Posisi imam padusi masih kontroversi dalam Islam. Urang nan buliah ditunjuak manjadi imam, manuruik hadis, adolah urang nan lah punyo banyak pangatahuan tantang Quran jo Sunnah (hadis) sarato elok lakunyo.
Istilah Imam dipakai pulo untuak ilmuwan Islam atau alim ulama, biasonyo untuak ulama mazhab dalam ilmu fiqih. Buliah juo dipakai marujuak alim ulama dalam bidang hadis atau akidah.
Barikuik tabel alim ulama nan dianggap sabagi imam:
Tokoh figur sentral dalam gerakan Islam disabuik juo Imam sarupo Imam Nabhawi di Suriah jo Ahmad Raza Khan di India jo Pakistan.
Posisi imam di Turki
Imam ditunjuak dek nagara untuak dipakarajokan di musajik-musajik. Inyo marupokan lulusan dari sakolah tinggi imam-khatib ataupun sarjana agamo. Hal ko diatua dek Dewan Urusan Agamo Turki jo hanyo laki-laki nan buliah ditunjuak dalam posisi ko, sadangkan padusi dbuliah ditunjuak sabagai pandakwah atau guru Quran sajo. Mazhab nan dipakai dalam urusan ko iyolah mazhab Hanafi.
Istilah Imam nan bakaitan jo kapemimpinan umaik partamo kali disandang dek Imam Ali, manuruik kayakinan Syi'ah. Ali adolah anak dari Abu Thalib, paktuonyo Rasulullah Muhammad SAW. Salanjuiknyo, imamah dipacik dek katurunannyo Ali co di bawah ko. Golongan nan mangimani 12 imam ko disabuik Syi'ah Itsna 'Asyariyah (Syiah Duo Baleh Imam)
Imam Mahdi
Muhammad Siddiq Al-Minshawi

Muhammad Siddiq Al-Minshawi (Arabic: محمد صديق المنشاوي‎; 20 January 1920 – 20 June 1969), known simply as Al-Minshawi, was an Egyptian Quranic reciter and Hafiz. Al-Minshawi was born into a famous Muslim Egyptian family. His grandfather, father, and brother were also famous Qurra. Nicknamed Al-Saut Al-Baki (Arabic: الصوت الباكي lit. 'The Weeping Voice'), he is part of a quadrumvirate, along with Abdul Basit, Mustafa Ismail, and Al-Hussary, which are considered to be the most important and famous Qurra of modern times to have an outsized impact on the Islamic World.
Having been significantly influenced by his father, Al-Minshawi was also a protégé of Muhammad Rifat, Muhammad Salamah, famous reciters of the 20th century. He studied the rules of recitation under Ibrahim As-Su'oodi at a young age. He committed Qur'an to memory when he was 8 years old. He traveled to many countries outside of his homeland, including Indonesia, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Palestine (Al-Aqsa), Saudi Arabia, and Syria.
Al-Minshawi also participated in recorded recitations with the two other reciters: Kamel al-Bahtimi and Fouad al-Aroussi. He helped children with the recitation of Quran.
Al-Minshawi married two times, he had three boys and one girl with the first wife in addition to five boys and four girls with the second wife, but in 1968, his second wife died while on a pilgrimage.
Al-Minshawi belongs to a family of traditional Huffaz, Calligraphers, and Qaris; and like him, his father, Seddik Al Minshawy, and his brother, Mahmoud Al Minshawy, were professional Qurra, too. His son Mushaf Mulaim had also become a professional reciter teaching kids in the style of his father. He died on June 20, 1969, due to being afflicted by esophageal varices for a long period of his life.
Al Minshawi's recitations continue to be amongst the well known due to his impeccable Tajweed and style. He was the author of many books on various aspects of the Quran, and was also involved in the calligraphic printing of the Quranic text and “World of Islam festival”. His status as a Qari was lofty: He held the title Shaykh al-Maqâri, and his opinions were frequently solicited and quoted by the media. One can count a generation of younger reciters among his imitators. Al Minshawi also recited in the presence of many significant figures such as the Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser in Syria's Umayyad Mosque in 1959. Abdel Nasser had also invited Sheikh al Minshawi to recite at the funeral of his father's death in Alexandria, 1968.
Hafiz Indonesia

Hafiz Indonesia is a religious talent search program aired on RCTI during Ramadan. This event is one of RCTI's flagship programs that showcases children's ability to recite and memorize a series of Quran.
The program received an award from the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission as Program Acara Ramadhan Terbaik (English: Best Ramadan Program) on August 7, 2014. Hafiz Indonesia won the Panasonic Gobel Awards for "Best Children's Program" for 2 consecutive years (2014 and 2015).
The first season of Hafiz Indonesia was held in 2013. The show aired every Monday-Friday at 14:30 pm from July 8, 2013, to August 6, 2013. The first winner of Hafiz Indonesia 2013 is Hilya.
The 2nd season of Hafiz Indonesia aired every day at 14:00–16:00 WIB during Ramadan 1435/July 2014. Coming with a new format, 32 children from all over Indonesia showcased their ability to memorize and recite Quranic verses through 5 stages, namely:
This season the show is hosted by Irfan Hakim with four judges, namely Syeikh Ali Jaber, Prof. Dr. Nasaruddin Umar, Prof. Dr. Amir Faishol Fath, and Lulu Susanti. The best hafiz in 2014 was obtained by a 6-year-old participant from Bangka named Musa, who later became better known as Musa Hafiz kecil.
The event continued consecutively in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. In general, each season has the format of the name Hafiz Indonesia [year], for example Hafiz Indonesia 2018.
In 2020, the audition round is known as Ikhtirah and there is no Intercession round. The Wildcard round was aired 1 day after Ikhtirah 4. Since 2017, the Jury was introduced Nabila Abdul Rahim Bayan.
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Saeed Toosi

Saeed Toosi (Persian: سعید طوسی, romanized: Saʿīd Tusi) is a prominent Iranian Qur'an reciter and teacher. He is winner of the several first prizes in both local and international competitions, notably the 1998 International Quran Recital Competition.
Toosi has been referred to as Ali Khamenei's "favourite Qu'ranic reciter". In 2016 Toosi was accused of "sexually abusing underage trainees", which was considered the first case of its kind in Iran.
In October 2016, VOA-PNN shed light on Toosi's case in which he was accused of sexually abusing nineteen of his prepubescent Qur'an students over the past years (four plaintiffs are confirmed). It is unknown whether the charges could include homosexual rape, which could carry the death penalty.
Senior members of the Iranian government, including Ali Khamenei, tried to "cover up the scandal for four years when the victims and their families filed complaints with the judiciary." Also journalists were warned not to publicize the investigation.
The anonymous plaintiffs claim that complaints made through legal channels were covered up or ignored by the authorities in order to protect the reputation of the Iranian government.
Toosi issued a denial statement rejecting all of the claims, which he called “total lies”. The allegations were "aimed at discrediting the state’s religious foundations and its supreme leader, Ali Khamenei," Toosi said. He stated he had never engaged in "such sins" and "actions incompatible with chastity."
In 2018, Tehran's court acquitted Toosi of charges concerning "sexually molesting and raping four of the victims who filed complaints with the judiciary against him"; stating that “even if it is proved that the defendant has committed the act, it does not mean that he has committed a crime for which the law and the judiciary will be held accountable”.
Media related to Saeed Toosi at Wikimedia Commons
Young Ahmed

Young Ahmed (French: Le Jeune Ahmed) is a 2019 Belgian drama film directed by Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne. The film revolves around a young Muslim boy from Belgium who plots to murder his teacher in the name of his religion. It was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival. At Cannes the Dardenne brothers won the award for Best Director.
Ahmed, a 13-year-old, plots to kill his teacher, whom he believes to be an apostate after being radicalised by a local imam. Ahmed is arrested and sent to juvenile detention, where he claims to be a reformed character.
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 59% based on 82 reviews, with an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Young Ahmed doesn't represent the Dardennes brothers' most developed work, but solid acting and a socially conscious story help compensate for its flaws." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 66 out of 100, based on 21 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Scutellaria

Scutellaria is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. They are known commonly as skullcaps. The generic name is derived from the Latin scutella, meaning "a small dish, tray or platter", or "little dish", referring to the shape of the calyx. The common name alludes to the resemblance of the same structure to "miniature medieval helmets". The genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution, with species occurring nearly worldwide, mainly in temperate regions.
Most Scutellaria are annual or perennial herbaceous plants from 5 to 100 cm (2 to 39 in) tall, however a few are subshrubs. Some Scutellaria are aquatic. Scutellaria have four-angled stems and opposite leaves, and flowers with upper and lower lips. The genus is most easily recognized by the typical shield on the calyx that has also prompted its common name.
Skullcaps are used in traditional medicine, such as in traditional Chinese medicine. The root of Scutellaria baicalensis – a common component of many preparations – is marketed in volumes that have led to the overexploitation of the wild plant. Its rarity has led to an increase in price, and encouraged the adulteration of the product with other species of Scutellaria.
In 1773, Scutellaria lateriflora became a common treatment in North America for the hysteria and hydrophobia caused by rabies. Today it is still a popular medicinal herb. It is widely available as a commercial product used in western herbalism. The plant reportedly commands prices of $16 to $64 per pound dry weight.
The main compounds in skullcap are flavonoids. Isolated chemical compounds include wogonin, wogonoside, and 3,5,7,2',6'-pentahydroxyl flavanone found in Scutellaria. Other constituents include baicalin, apigenin, oroxylin A, and scutellarein.
Estimates of the number of species in the genus range from around 300 to about 350 or 360 to 470.
Selected species include:
Scutellaria baicalensis

Scutellaria baicalensis, with the common name Baikal skullcap or Chinese skullcap, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae.
The plant is native to China, Korea, Mongolia, and Russia in the Russian Far East and Siberia.
It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine, where it has the name huángqín (Chinese: 黄芩). As a Chinese traditional medicine, huang qin usually refers to the dried root of S. baicalensis Georgi, S. viscidula Bge., S. amoena C.H. Wright, and S. ikoninkovii Ju.
Several phytochemicals have been isolated from the root; baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, norwogonin, oroxylin A and β-sitosterol are the major ones.
As the term 'skullcap' is applied to over 200 plant varieties, the scientific name is used. Sometimes, Scutellaria lateriflora (North American skullcap) is mistaken for S. baicalensis.
There have been several reports and small case series of acute liver injury with jaundice arising 1 to 3 months after starting herbal or dietary supplements containing S. baicalensis.
Data related to Scutellaria baicalensis at Wikispecies
Scutellaria galericulata

Scutellaria galericulata, the common skullcap, marsh skullcap or hooded skullcap, is a hardy perennial herb native to northern areas of the Northern Hemisphere, including Europe, Asia, and almost all of Canada. It is a member of the mint family. The form is upright and is usually 20-45 centimeters in height, sometimes reaching up to 80 cm. It is a wetland-loving species and grows along fens and shorelines. The blue flowers are 1 to 2 centimeters long. The flowers are in pairs and are all on the same side of the stem. The flowers do not appear at the top of the stem.
The plant is native to many parts of the world and, as such, is known by a variety of names. The Latin galericulata means "hooded", relating to the length of the flower's tube being much longer than the calyx. The variation epilobiifolia translates as leaves like willow-herb, and refers to the slightly serrated long thin leaves which look similar to those of the genus Epilobium.
The genus Scutellaria has numerous medicinal uses and various species of skullcap are used in the same way. The traditional uses of common skullcap should not be confused with those of other Skullcaps as there are over 200 different species of Skullcap and they are not all used in the same way. Blue skullcap (S. lateriflora) is accepted as the "skullcap" used in traditional North American medicine, however common skullcap shares many of the same active chemicals and is used as a substitute in Britain and Europe. Common skullcap (S. galericulata) is also often used in the same way as Western skullcap (S. canescens) and Southern skullcap (S. cordifolia), all of which are genetically similar.
Blue skullcap and common skullcap are mainly known for their traditional use as mild anxiolytics in the form of herbal teas, tablets, capsules, dried leaf for smoking and oral liquid preparations, often in combination with other medicinal herbs. The aqueous extract of the flowering parts have been traditionally used by Native Americans as a nerve tonic and for its sedative and diuretic properties.
It is used in skin lightening.
Royal blue

Royal blue is a deep and vivid shade of blue. It is said to have been created by a consortium of mills in Rode, Somerset, which won a competition to make a robe for Queen Charlotte, consort of King George III. In winning the prize, a business in the village invented the dye and received a certificate to sell it under that name.
The Oxford English Dictionary defines "royal blue" as "a deep vivid blue", while the Cambridge English Dictionary defined it as "a strong, bright blue colour", and the Collins English Dictionary defines it as "a deep blue colour". US dictionaries give it as further towards purple, e.g. "a deep, vivid reddish or purplish blue" (Webster's New World College Dictionary) or "a vivid purplish blue" (Merriam-Webster).
By the 1950s, many people began to think of royal blue as a brighter color, and it is this brighter color that was chosen as the web color "royal blue" (the web colors when they were formulated in 1987 were originally known as the X11 colors). The World Wide Web Consortium designated the keyword "royalblue" to be this much brighter color, rather than the traditional darker version of royal blue.
Cree Inc. uses the term Royal Blue to describe light emitting diodes in the wavelength range 450–465 nanometers, slightly shorter than the regular blue range of 465–485 nanometers.
Queen blue is a medium tone of royal blue.
The first recorded use of queen blue as a color name in English was in 1926. Before that, since 1661, this color had been called queen's blue.
Imperial blue is recorded as an alternative name for the traditional royal blue color above. The name is also used for a distinct, medium blue color by Pantone.
Literature
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Flags
Australian rules football
Football
American football
Ice hockey
Uniforms
University
Blue-green

Blue-green is the color between blue and green. It belongs to the cyan family.
Cyan is the blue-green color that is between blue and green on a modern RGB color wheel.
The modern RGB color wheel replaced the traditional old-fashioned RYB color wheel because it is possible to display much brighter and more saturated colors using the primary and secondary colors of the RGB color wheel. In the terminology of color theory, RGB color space has a much larger color gamut than RYB color space.
The first recorded use of cyan as a color name in English was in 1879.
The color turquoise is that of the semi-precious stone turquoise, which is a light tone of blue-green.
Its first recorded use as a color name in English is from 1573.
Green-blue is a Crayola crayon color from 1958 to 1990.
Bondi blue belongs to the cyan family of blues. It is very similar to the Crayola crayon color "blue-green".
Apple, Inc. christened the color of the back of the original iMac computer "Bondi blue" when it was introduced in 1998. It is said to be named for the color of the water at Bondi Beach, in Sydney, Australia.
One definition of the color is in the Munsell color system (Munsell 5BG) although there is widespread acceptance and knowledge of the color from the so-called blue-green algae which have been recognised and described since the 18th century and probably before that.
Ten recitations

The ten recitations or ten readings are ten Qira'ats and recitations of the Quran approved by scholars in their research to determine the frequent recitations.
The Quran was revealed in seven ahruf or letters, and the letters are not only in writing but also in pronunciation, meaning, vowel, endowment signs, and brevity due to the different accents and dialects of the Arabs who recited the Qu'ran. The Qu'ran was only revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, but his companions included a diverse population of Arabic speakers, and thus, differences in recitations arose.
Uthman ibn Affan compiled the Quran in one formation, and there are seven fixed recitations and three complementary readings of the seven, so the ten readings are completed, and all these readings and their pronouncements were reported by Muhammad and were transmitted by the Sahaba, the Tabi'un, and so on.
Most of these ten recitations are known by the scholars and people who have received them, and their number is due to their spreading in the Islamic world.
However, the general population of Muslims dispersed in most countries of the Islamic world, their number estimated in the millions, read Hafs's narration on the authority of Aasim, which is more simply known as the Hafs' an Aasim style of recitation.
In the countries of the Maghreb, they read by reciting Imam Nafi, who is the imam of the people of Medina, whether it is the narration of Warsh or the narration of Qalun. However, Warsh' an Nafi tends to be more prevalent than Qalun an' Nafi.
In Sudan and Hadhramaut, they read the narration that Al-Duri narrated on the authority of Abu Amr.
When the ten recitations were scientifically stabilized, after an increase of three other readings added to the Ahruf and the recitations of the Seven readers by Imam Ibn al-Jazari, the total became ten readings, and these three added readings are the readings of these Imams:
The ten proven and verified recitations of the Imams Qāriʾs of the Quran are in order:
For each of the ten recitations, there are two reading versions or riwaya, which counts twenty confirmed riwayaat:
Warsh recitation

The Warsh recitation or riwāyat Warsh ʿan Nāfiʿ' (Arabic: رواية ورش عن نافع) is a qiraʿah of the Quran in Islam.
It is, alongside the Hafs recitation [ar] tradition which represents the recitation tradition of Kufa, one of the two main oral transmissions of the Quran in the Muslim world.
This qirāʾah or recitation of the Quran (literally "reading") is conducted according to the rules of tajwid, in accordance with the ahruf.
This method is attributed to Warsh, who himself obtained it from his teacher Nafiʽ al-Madani, who was one of the seven readers who transmitted the Ten Readings.
The recitation of Warsh is one of the two major traditions of qirāʾāt.
This recitation relates to Imam Warsh (716-813 CE), whose real name is Uthman Ibn Sa‘id al-Qutbi and was born in Egypt.
His nickname Warsh (Arabic: وَرْش), a milk substance, came from his teacher Nafiʽ al-Madani due to his fair complexion.
He studied his recitation according to Naafiʽ in Medina.
After completing his studies, he returned to Egypt where he became the senior Qāriʾ of the Quran.
In the tenth century, the Muslim scholar Abu Bakr Ibn Mujāhid canonized the seven readings of the Quran, including Warsh ʽan Naafiʽ.
Although having emerged in Egypt, the recitation of Warsh ʽan Naafiʽ has become widespread in North Africa.
In medieval times, it was the main Quranic recitation in Al-Andalus.
The transmission of Warsh ʽan Naafiʽ represents the reciting tradition of Medina.
Cult (religious practice)

Cult is the care (Latin: cultus) owed to deities and their temples, shrines, or churches; cult is embodied in ritual and ceremony. Its presence or former presence is made concrete in temples, shrines and churches, and cult images, including votive offerings at votive sites.
Cicero defined religio as cultus deorum, "the cultivation of the gods". The "cultivation" necessary to maintain a specific deity was that god's cultus, "cult", and required "the knowledge of giving the gods their due" (scientia colendorum deorum). The noun cultus originates from the past participle of the verb colo, colere, colui, cultus, "to tend, take care of, cultivate", originally meaning "to dwell in, inhabit" and thus "to tend, cultivate land (ager); to practice agriculture", an activity fundamental to Roman identity even when Rome as a political center had become fully urbanized.
Cultus is often translated as "cult" without the negative connotations the word may have in English, or with the Old English word "worship", but it implies the necessity of active maintenance beyond passive adoration. Cultus was expected to matter to the gods as a demonstration of respect, honor, and reverence; it was an aspect of the contractual nature of Roman religion (see do ut des). Augustine of Hippo echoes Cicero's formulation when he declares, "religion is nothing other than the cultus of God."
The term "cult" first appeared in English in 1617, derived from the French culte, meaning "worship" which in turn originated from the Latin word cultus meaning "care, cultivation, worship". The meaning "devotion to a person or thing" is from 1829. Starting about 1920, "cult" acquired an additional six or more positive and negative definitions. In French, for example, sections in newspapers giving the schedule of worship for Catholic services are headed Culte Catholique, while the section giving the schedule of Protestant services is headed culte réformé.
In the specific context of the Greek hero cult, Carla Antonaccio wrote:
In the Catholic Church, outward religious practice in cultus is the technical term for Roman Catholic devotions or veneration extended to a particular saint, not to the worship of God. Catholicism and the Eastern Orthodox Church make a major distinction between latria, the worship that is offered to God alone, and dulia, which is veneration offered to the saints, including the veneration of Mary, whose veneration is often referred to as hyperdulia.
Qāriʾ

A qāriʾ (Arabic: قَارِئ, lit. 'reader', plural قُرَّاء qurrāʾ or قَرَأَة qaraʾa) is a person who recites the Quran with the proper rules of recitation (tajwid).
Although it is encouraged, a qāriʾ does not necessarily have to memorize the Quran, just to recite it according to the rules of tajwid with melodious sound.
The quadrumvirate of Al-Minshawy, Abdul Basit, Mustafa Ismail, and Al-Hussary are generally considered the most important and famous reciters of modern times to have had an outsized impact on the Islamic world.
The following list is a partial list of some notable reciters of the Qur'an:
Reader is referred to as Shaykh al-Maqâriʾ [6] (Arabic: شيخ المقارئ, lit. 'Scholar of the Recitation Schools').
Arapaima

Arapaima é o gênero tipo da subfamília Arapaiminae dentro da família Osteoglossidae.
Era tradicionalmente considerado um gênero monotípico, mas posteriormente outras espécies foram distinguidas. Como consequência, a maioria dos estudos anteriores às descrições foram feitos usando o nome A. gigas.
Atualmente são reconhecidas as seguintes espécies:
Entre as espécies posteriormente descritas, a mais vista e estudada é A. arapaima, embora um pequeno número de A. leptosoma também tenha sido registrado no comércio de aquários. As espécies restantes são praticamente desconhecidas: A. agassizii é conhecido de desenhos antigos detalhados (o próprio espécime-tipo foi perdido durante os bombardeios da Segunda Guerra Mundial) e A. mapae de seu espécime-tipo.
Neblinaphryne imeri

Neblinaphryne imeri é uma pequena espécie de sapo endêmica da Serra do Imeri localizada no extremo norte do Brasil próxima á fronteira com a Venezuela.
Ocorre na Serra do Imeri, Parque Nacional do Pico da Neblina, município de Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, no estado do Amazonas.
A espécie é abundante na vegetação que compõe o topo do maciço do Imeri, se fazendo presente a partir de 1800 metros de altura até 1950 metros.
Habita áreas abertas e florestadas da montanha sendo muito difícil de ser localizada e capturada, aparentemente a espécie é diurna, apresenta dimorfismo sexual, as fêmeas são maiores que os machos.
Possui uma variedade de cores dentro do marrom, marrom-avermelhado e bege, com pintas amarelas e brancas.
Samba On Your Feet

Samba On Your Feet é um documentário de Eduardo Montes-Bradley também conhecido como "Samba! reflections of Africa in Brazilian culture”. O filme desvenda os bastidores do samba e do carnaval para revelar o choque cultural e racial que deu origem a uma nova tradição no Rio de Janeiro.
Os cineastas vão atrás do meio social carioca para documentar samba e carnaval. O documentário de uma hora traça as influências que contribuíram para moldar a música que consagrou o carnaval como uma das manifestações culturais mais poderosas no Brasil. Raízes e perspectivas, corpo e fantasmas, entidades e divindades espalhados por favelas e sobre as calçadas da Bahia e Rio de Janeiro são essenciais para o make-up do expoente musical brasileiro por excelência. Ele apresenta as vozes de Cartola, Caetano Veloso, Ismael Silva, Clara Nunes, Clementina de Jesus e muitos outros, cujas perspectivas sobre os assuntos culturais do Rio de Janeiro foram cuidadosamente articulados com entrevistas aos expoentes da cultura brasileira atual. Este diálogo entre passado e presente se realiza durante todo o filme, entre cenas preciosas de metragem de arquivo da coleção particular e recursos do governo.
O documentário foi filmado quase só nas favelas marginais, nos terreiros de umbanda e nas favelas, onde os habitantes menos favorecidos do Rio se esforçam para superar as taxas esmagadoras da criminalidade e analfabetismo com o ritmo e a alma da música que eles chamam de samba. Foi convidado a participar no Festival de Cinema de Toulouse, França 2008; Rio International Film Festival, Brasil 2006; Buenos Aires Independent Film Festival (BAFICI) Argentina 2007; e Toronto Film Festival, Canadá 2007. Atualmente está sendo exibido em universidades em todo os EUA e no exterior.
O filme é distribuído pela Filmakers Library e Alexander Street Press através do Vídeo Academic Store.
Cidade Perdida de Z

A Cidade Perdida de Z é uma cidade indígena que o Coronel Percy Harrison Fawcett, um pesquisador Britânico, acreditava existir na selva do estado do Mato Grosso no Brasil. Baseada nas primeiras histórias da América do Sul e em suas próprias explorações da região do Rio Amazonas, Fawcett teorizou que uma civilização complexa tenha existido lá um dia, e que ruínas isoladas podem ter sobrevivido.
Fawcett encontrou um documento conhecido como Manuscrito 512, mantido na Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil, que teria sido escrito pelo bandeirante português João da Silva Guimarães. João escreveu que em 1753 ele havia descoberto as ruínas de uma cidade antiga que continha arcos, uma estátua e um templo com hieróglifos. Ele descreveu as ruínas da cidade com muitos detalhes, mas sem informar sua localização.
O Manuscrito 512 foi escrito depois de explorações feitas no sertão da então província da Bahia. Fawcett pretendia empreender uma busca pela cidade como um objetivo secundário depois de "Z". Ele estava preparando uma expedição para encontrar "Z" quando irrompeu a Primeira Guerra Mundial e o governo Britânico suspendeu seu patrocínio. Em 1920, Fawcett realizou uma expedição pessoal para encontrar a cidade, mas desistiu depois de ter uma febre e ter de matar sua besta de carga. Em uma segunda expedição cinco anos depois, Fawcett, seu filho Jack e um amigo deste último, Raleigh Rimell, desapareceram na selva do Mato Grosso.
Pesquisadores acreditam que Fawcett pode ter sido influenciado em seu pensamento por informação que ele possa ter obtido de povos indígenas sobre o sítio arqueológico de Kuhikugu, perto das cabeceiras do Rio Xingu. Kuhikugu foi descoberto por ocidentais após a morte presumida de Fawcett em 1925. O sítio contém ruínas do que se estima ser vinte cidades e aldeias nas quais cerca de 50 mil pessoas podem ter morado um dia.
Em 2005, o jornalista estadunidense David Grann publicou um artigo no The New Yorker sobre as expedições e descobertas de Fawcett, intitulado "The Lost City of Z" (A Cidade Perdida de Z). Em 2009, ele o transformou num livro de mesmo nome, e em 2016, ele foi adaptado pelo roteirista-diretor James Gray para um filme de mesmo nome estrelado por Charlie Hunnam, Robert Pattinson, e Sienna Miller.
Lista de bairros de Manaus

Esta é a lista de bairros de Manaus, município brasileiro e capital do estado do Amazonas. Desde 2010, a Prefeitura Municipal de Manaus reconhece 63 bairros oficiais, e os dados foram coletados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Entretanto, há dezenas de regiões do município que não são reconhecidas pela prefeitura, portanto, integram os bairros oficiais. Vale destacar que esta lista não encerra todas as divisões administrativas do município, uma vez que a zona rural não é dividida em bairros e, portanto, não é representada por esta lista.
A última divisão territorial ocorrida no município deu-se em 14 de janeiro de 2010, quando sete novos bairros foram criados — resultado da divisão dos três maiores bairros da cidade em extensão territorial — através da Lei Municipal n° 1.401/10. Foram criados os bairros Cidade de Deus, Distrito Industrial II, Gilberto Mestrinho, Lago Azul, Nova Cidade, Novo Aleixo e Tarumã-Açu.
Dentre todas as regiões administrativas da cidade, a zona Sul é a maior em número de bairros, com um total de 18 bairros, sendo também a mais densamente povoada. No entanto, os bairros mais populosos são encontrados nas zonas Norte e Leste, como a Cidade Nova e o Jorge Teixeira, que possuem, cada um, mais de 100 000 habitantes.
De acordo com dados de 2000 do PNUD Brasil, os bairros de Manaus com o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano muito alto são Adrianópolis e Nossa Senhora das Graças, que possuíam IDH de 0,943, qualidade de vida semelhante a da Noruega, por exemplo. Em contraste, também se encontram na cidade locais com IDH semelhante aos de países de terceiro mundo, como o bairro São José e a comunidade Grande Vitória, que possuíam IDH de 0,658, comparável ao da Bolívia. Em 2000, treze regiões da cidade foram classificadas em situação similar a de países como Vietnã.
A região administrativa de Manaus que apresenta a melhor qualidade de vida é a Centro-Sul, além de outras localidades como Ponta Negra e algumas partes do bairro Cidade Nova. A região de maior incidência de pobreza é encontrada nas comunidades de Nova Vitória, Grande Vitória e nos bairros Cidade de Deus e partes do Jorge Teixeira e Tarumã. O PNUD identificou, ainda, os bairros e regiões de maior incidência de analfabetismo na cidade. A região de menor taxa de analfabetismo de acordo com o PNUD é a Centro-Oeste, em especial os bairros de Planalto, Redenção e Da Paz, onde o analfabetismo até os 15 anos de idade atinge apenas 1,3% da população. A maior incidência de analfabetismo foi identificada nos bairros de Puraquequara e Colônia Antônio Aleixo, onde a média chega a 16,6%. Em geral, Manaus possui 6% de taxa de analfabetismo em uma população de até 15 anos de idade.
Amazon Theatre

The Amazon Theatre (Portuguese: Teatro Amazonas) is an opera house located in Manaus, Brazil, in the heart of the Amazon rainforest. It is the location of the annual Festival Amazonas de Ópera (Amazonas Opera Festival) and the home of the Amazonas Philharmonic Orchestra which regularly rehearses and performs at the Amazon Theatre along with choirs, musical concerts and other performances.
More than 126 years old, it represents the city's heyday during the rubber boom. It was chosen by the magazine Vogue as one of the most beautiful opera houses in the world.
The Amazonas Theatre was built during the Belle Époque at a time when fortunes were made in the rubber boom. Construction of the Amazon Theatre was first proposed in 1881 by a member of the local House of Representatives, Antonio Jose Fernandes Júnior, who envisioned a "jewel" in the heart of the Amazon rainforest.
In 1882, the State legislature approved some limited financing, but this was considered insufficient. Later that year, the president of the Province, José Lustosa Paranaguá, approved a larger budget and initiated a competition for the presentation of plans. The chosen project was made by the Gabinete Português de Engenharia e Arquitectura, an engineering and architecture office from Lisbon. By 1884, construction was ready to begin under the Italian architect Celestial Sacardim. Work proceeded slowly over the following fifteen years with some stops and restarts from 1885 to 1892.
By 1895, when the masonry work and exterior were completed, the decoration of the interior and the installation of electric lighting could begin more rapidly. The theatre was inaugurated on December 31, 1896, with the first performance occurring on January 7, 1897, with the Italian opera, La Gioconda, by Amilcare Ponchielli.
The theatre's architectural style is considered typically Renaissance Revival. The roofing tiles were imported from Alsace, the steel walls from Glasgow, Scotland and the Carrara marble for the stairs, statues and columns, from Italy. The dome is covered with 36,000 decorated ceramic tiles painted in the colors of the national flag of Brazil. The interior furnishing came from France in the Louis Quinze style. Italian artist Domenico de Angelis the Younger painted the panels that decorate the ceilings of the auditorium and of the audience chamber. The curtain, with its painting "Meeting of the Waters", was originally created in Paris by Crispim do Amaral. The theatre's 198 chandeliers were imported from Italy, including 32 of Murano glass.
The Auditorium seats 701 persons. The ground floor (stalls, in British usage) seats 266; the stall boxes, 100; the first-tier boxes seat 110; the 25 second-tier boxes seat 125; and the 20 third-tier boxes seat 100. The Main Stage is 10.50 m (34.4 ft) wide, 6.40 m (21.0 ft) high and 11.97 m (39.3 ft) deep and the principal stage is 14 m (46 ft) high for a total area of 123.29 m (1,327.1 sq ft). The orchestra pit has a height of 2 m (6 ft 7 in); width: 6 ft 11 ins; and a length of 7 m (23 ft).
3°07′49″S 60°01′24″W﻿ / ﻿3.13028°S 60.02333°W﻿ / -3.13028; -60.02333
Monument Abertura dos Portos

Monument Abertura dos Portos (English: Monument to the Opening of the Ports) is located in the Largo de São Sebastião, in front of the Amazon Theatre, in the city of Manaus, Brazil. It was inaugurated in 1900 to commemorate the liberation of the ports of the Amazon River to foreign trade, in 1866.
The monument was inaugurated in the first decade of the 1900s to commemorate the opening of the Amazon River ports for foreign trade in 1866.
All material used on the monument was imported from Europe, especially Italy. The monument symbolizes the four corners of the world: Asia, America, Africa and Europe, each represented by a ship, with a seated boy on the prow of each ship.
The monument displays the date of November 15, 1889, which commemorates the proclamation of the Republic of Brazil, and the name of José Cardoso Ramalho Júnior, at that time Governor of Amazonas State. In 1995, the square was fully restored by the prefecture of Manaus.
The monument is an allegory of trade, and was built in marble, granite and bronze. The god Mercury, symbol of Industry and Commerce, is at the top of the monument. The main figure is composed by the sculpture of a woman - representing the Amazon - with a torch in the right hand, while the left hand rests on the shoulder of the god Mercury - Roman deity that symbolizes Commerce - placed on the lower plane. In the faces of the quadrangular pedestal, four continents of the terrestrial globe are portrayed.
In the Africa's boat, sitting on a head that symbolizes the Egypt, with symbols also Egyptian, a boy holds two tusks of elephant; the boat of Europe, which displays an eagle to the bow, shows a boy holding a globe; the Asian boat shows the "croissant", symbol of the Muslims, ancient characters engraved at the bow and the boy to the backs of a lion; in the ship of America are grouped several decorative elements, with a boy to the bow and a snake curled up in the keel of the boat.
The floor that has sinuous designs that later would have inspired the sidewalks of Copacabana, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, symbolize the meeting of the waters of the rivers Negro and Solimões.