davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Real Audiencia de Quito

La Audiencia y Cancillería Real de Quito (1563-1822) fue el más alto tribunal de la Corona española en los territorios de la Provincia o Presidencia de Quito, dentro del Virreinato del Perú, que después formaron parte del Virreinato de Nueva Granada.
El antiguo gobierno de Quito de Gonzalo Pizarro, había alargado ya su territorio, hasta Cali y Popayán por el Norte; por el Sur hasta los desiertos de Piura; y por la cuenca del río Amazonas, la exploración de Gonzalo Pizarro, el descubrimiento y exploración del río Amazonas hasta el Atlántico por Francisco de Orellana, y las fundaciones en Yaguarzongo y Bracamoros, como los descubrimientos del alto río Marañón y al río Ucayali por Juan de Salinas y Loyola, dieron al antiguo gobierno de Quito una extensión nueva en la cuenca del río Amazonas. Por estas razones, el 4 de julio de 1560 los quiteños pidieron al rey de España la creación de una Audiencia en la Gobernación de Quito.
El rey Felipe II, en la ciudad de Guadalajara el 29 de agosto de 1563, dictó una real cédula por la cual la Gobernación de Quito de Gonzalo Pizarro es elevada a una Audiencia Real y se le señala límites. Fue inaugurada el 18 de septiembre de 1564.
La Recopilación de Leyes de Indias de 1680, en Ley X (Audiencia y Cancillería Real de San Francisco del Quito) del Título XV (De las Audiencias y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias) del Libro II, recoge los límites y los funcionarios de esta Audiencia, provenientes de la real cédula de 1563:​​
Un legado de la época de la Real Audiencia de Quito es la obra Flora Huayaquilensis, la cual se había perdido por más de 200 años en los archivos del Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid. En 1985 el Dr. Eduardo Estrella encontró evidencia de que el navarro Juan José Tafalla Navascués, funcionario al servicio de la Corona de España, había recorrido y recolectado las primeras informaciones sobre la flora del territorio de la Audiencia de Quito. Después de tres años de trabajo en los archivos, y cuando todas las piezas del rompecabezas pudieron ser armadas, Estrella sacó a la luz y publicó el trabajo de Juan José Tafalla Navascués.​
C.D. Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Universidad Católica del Ecuador is an Ecuadorian football club based in Quito. They play in the top tier of Ecuadorian football and have spent the majority of their history in the top-flight Serie A.
Universidad Católica was officially founded on 15 May 1963. Historic rivals include LDU Quito, Aucas, El Nacional and Deportivo Quito.
Universidad Católica was founded as a university football team for Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, a Catholic university in Quito. In 1962, they won the inter-university championship. Soon after, they became a football club on 15 May 1963 under Liga Deportiva de la Universidad Católica.
On 15 January 1965, they beat Club Gladiador for the right to compete professionally. They then won their first professional title at the 12th Interandean Professional Championship that same year.
In 1973 and 1979, Universidad Católica finished second in the national championship. As a result, they were allowed to participate in the Copa Libertadores the following years (1974 and 1980). They spent most of their history in the First Category (Primera A & Primera B). They descended to the Second Category in 1993. They returned to Primera B in 1998, and ascended briefly to Primera A for 2008.
As of 29 January 2025. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
They wear sky blue on their home kit and white on their away kit. Their kit is supplied by Umbro.
August

August is the eighth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days.
In the Southern Hemisphere, August is the seasonal equivalent of February in the Northern Hemisphere. In the Northern Hemisphere, August falls in summer. In the Southern Hemisphere, the month falls during winter. In many European countries, August is the holiday month for most workers. Numerous religious holidays occurred during August in ancient Rome.
Certain meteor showers take place in August. The Kappa Cygnids occur in August, with yearly dates varying. The Alpha Capricornids meteor shower occurs as early as July 10 and ends around August 10. The Southern Delta Aquariids occur from mid-July to mid-August, with the peak usually around July 28–29. The Perseids, a major meteor shower, typically takes place between July 17 and August 24, with the peak days varying yearly. The star cluster of Messier 30 is best observed around August.
Among the aborigines of the Canary Islands, especially among the Guanches of Tenerife, the month of August received the name of Beñesmer or Beñesmen, which was also the harvest festival held that month.
The month was originally named Sextilis in Latin because it was the 6th month in the original ten-month Roman calendar under Romulus in 753 BC, with March being the first month of the year. About 700 BC, it became the eighth month when January and February were added to the year before March by King Numa Pompilius, who also gave it 29 days. Julius Caesar added two days when he created the Julian calendar in 46 BC (AUC 708), giving it its modern length of 31 days.
In 8 BC, the month was renamed in honor of Emperor Augustus. According to a Senatus consultum quoted by Macrobius, he chose this month because it was the time of several of his great triumphs, including the conquest of Egypt. Commonly repeated lore has it that August has 31 days because Augustus wanted his month to match the length of Julius Caesar's July, but this is an invention of the 13th century scholar Johannes de Sacrobosco. Sextilis had 31 days before it was renamed. It was not chosen for its length.
August's birthstones are the peridot, sardonyx, and spinel. Its birth flower is the gladiolus or poppy, meaning beauty, strength of character, love, marriage and family. The Western zodiac signs are Leo (until August 22) and Virgo (from August 23 onward).
This list does not necessarily imply official status or general observance.
(All Baha'i, Islamic, and Jewish observances begin at sundown before the listed date and end at sundown on the date in question unless otherwise noted.)
Virgin of El Panecillo

The Virgin of El Panecillo (in Spanish: Virgen del Panecillo), also known as the Virgin of Quito from the sculpture of the same name, is a monument in Quito, Ecuador. It is located on the top of the hill of El Panecillo, a loaf-shaped hill in the heart of the city and serves as a backdrop to the historic center of Quito.
With a total height of 135 feet (41 meters) including the base, it is the highest statue in Ecuador and one of the highest in South America (taller than the Christ the Redeemer statue in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro). It is also the tallest aluminum statue in the world.
In the 1950s, local authorities and religious leaders stood looking at El Panecillo, a loaf-shaped, 656-foot-high (200 meters) hill in central Quito. They agreed that the hilltop, visible throughout the city, was the perfect place to erect a statue. After years of debate, they decided that the statue would be a large replica of the Virgin of Quito, a 48-inch-tall wooden sculpture created by Bernardo de Legarda in 1734.
Designed and built by the Spanish sculptor Agustín de la Herrán Matorras, the statue is made from 7,400 pieces of aluminum, with each piece clearly numbered. The statue was then disassembled, shipped to Ecuador, and assembled again on top of the base. The statue was finished on March 28, 1975.
0°13′44″S 78°31′07″W﻿ / ﻿0.22888°S 78.51860°W﻿ / -0.22888; -78.51860
Josefina Villalobos

Josefina Isabel Villalobos Páramo (August 5, 1924 – February 24, 2025) was an American-born Colombian-Ecuadorian public servant. She was the First Lady of Ecuador serving from August 10, 1992, through August 10, 1996, when her husband, Sixto Durán Ballén, served as President of Ecuador.
Villalobos was born in New York City to Colombian parents. In 1945, she married Sixto Durán Ballén.
As the first lady of the nation, Villalobos was known in the media and by the Ecuadorian people Finita de Durán-Ballén. When she became first lady, she played a vital role in the creation of the National Institute of the Child and the Family [qu] (INNFA). She was known for hosting of Carondelet Palace and accompanying her husband on various trips nationally and internationally. Josefina was the first older lady to assume the role, since she was 68 years old when her husband won the presidency of the Republic in 1992.
Ballén and Villalobos had nine children. After Ballén left office, the two retired and lived in Quito, Ecuador. On November 15, 2016, Ballén died at the age of 95. Villalobos became a centenarian on August 5, 2024, and died in Quito on February 24, 2025, at the age of 100.
Media related to Josefina Villalobos Páramo at Wikimedia Commons
S.D. Aucas

Sociedad Deportiva Aucas (Spanish pronunciation: [sosjeˈðað ðepoɾˈtiβa ˈawkas]), also known as "Papá Aucas", is a football club based in Quito, Ecuador. They play in the top tier of Ecuadorian football and have spent the majority of their history in the top-flight Serie A. The team is amongst the most popular in the city because of its long history in the Serie A. The team also has a major rivalry in L.D.U. Quito, which they contest one of the most prestigious derbies in all of Ecuador, and the most prestigious in Quito.
The team is named after the Auca tribe, who are also called Huaorani. The club originally belonged to Royal Dutch Shell, which had been operating oil fields in the east of Ecuador where the Aucas live. The club's main uniforms colours, yellow and red, were taken from the colours used by Shell to market their products and services. The alternate uniform is grey, except for the commercial advertisements and numbers and names of players, which are red.
Players who have played for Aucas include Argentinian and nationalised Ecuadorian forward Ariel Graziani, forward Nicolás Asencio, forward Agustin Delgado, forward Édison Maldonado, Ecuador international defender Giovanny Espinoza, and the 1990 FIFA World Cup Colombian goalkeeper René Higuita.
Aucas won their first Serie A title in 2022 under the tenure of Venezuelan manager César Farías by winning the competition's second stage without losing a single game and then beating Barcelona in the finals. This win also qualified them to the 2023 Copa Libertadores, the first time they competed in the continental tournament.
As of 16 February, 2025. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
The following players were chosen to represent their country at the FIFA World Cup while contracted to Aucas.
Public holidays in Ecuador

The national public holidays in Ecuador include:
The anniversary of the annexation of the Galapagos Islands and Charles Darwin's birthday are also celebrated on February 12 as Galapagos Day (dia de la Provincia or dia de la Provincia de Galápagos). This is sometimes described on the mainland as Amazon and Galapagos Day or Orient Day (dia del Oriente), as the discovery of the headwaters of the Amazon River by Francisco de Orellana in 1542 is also recorded occurring on the same day.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-the-latin-american-countries-capitals.html#:~:text=There%20are%2033%20countries%20in,%26%20Barbuda%2C%20Dominica%2C%20St. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public_holidays_in_Ecuador&action=edit&section=2
Latin American migration to Spain

Latin Americans in Spain are individuals in Spain who are from or descend from individuals from Latin America. As of January 2022, there are 2,619,667 South Americans in Spain (all Latin American aside from 321), and 648,386 Central American or Caribbean people in Spain. Flows of migration have been dependent on the economic conditions in their countries of birth and in Spain. Colombians in Spain constitute the largest group of Latin Americans in the country.
Many Latin Americans immigrated to Spain during the country's economic boom in the late 1990s and beginning of the 2000s. Events during this period that pushed Latin Americans to immigrate included the 1998–1999 Ecuador economic crisis and the 1998–2002 Argentine great depression.
Venezuelan migration to Spain surged as a result of the country's ongoing crisis; as of 2021, Venezuelans constituted the single largest nationality applying for asylum in the country. Migration decreased in 2020 due to reduced long-distance flights during the COVID-19 pandemic.
While ten years is the usual minimum for a foreigner to acquire Spanish nationality by residency, Latin Americans – including Brazilians – can achieve it in two years.
Nativo, a company set up in 1997 to import Latin American brands to migrants in Spain, was bought in 2008 by Goya Foods, a US-based multinational active across the American continent.
Colombian migrants in Spain are the largest group of Latin Americans in the country. As of 2024, more than a million residents in Madrid were born in Latin America. Migrants from Brazil – the sole Portuguese-speaking country in Latin America – are particularly notable in Galicia, where the native language is close to their own.
Per Instituto Nacional de Estadística, 1 January 2022:
Monument to the laboratory mouse

The Monument to the laboratory mouse is a sculpture in Novosibirsk' Akademgorodok, Siberia, Russia. It is located in a park in front of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and was completed on July 1, 2013, coinciding with the 120th anniversary of the founding of the city.
The monument commemorates the sacrifice of the mice in genetic research used to understand biological and physiological mechanisms for developing new drugs and curing of diseases.
The monument, which sits on a granite pedestal, is of a laboratory mouse wearing pince-nez on the tip of its nose. The mouse holds knitting needles in its paws and is shown knitting a double helix of DNA. The bronze figure is itself only 70 cm (27½”) high, but the total height of the monument including the pedestal is 2.5 meters (98"). The DNA spiral emerging from the knitting needles winds to the left, thus showing that it is the still poorly understood Z-DNA - this symbolic of scientific research that is still to be done. In contrast, the more common B-DNA (depicted in school lessons) winds to the right.
Translated from Russian:
The foundation stone of the monument was laid on June 1, 2012, in honor of the 55th anniversary of the founding of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics. The design for the mouse was the creation of the Novosibirsk artist Andrey Kharkevich, who made more than ten sketches before settling on a final design. It was from among the different versions of the classic and stylized image animals that a mouse knitting the DNA helix was selected.
Andrei Kharkevich described his design, stating, "It combines both the image of a laboratory mouse and a scientist, because they are interconnected and serve the same cause. The mouse is captured at the moment of scientific discovery. If you look closely at her eyes, you can see that this mouse has already come up with something. But the whole symphony of scientific discovery, joy, "eureka!" have not sounded yet."
Sculptor Alexei Agrikolyansky, who made the statue, confessed that it had not been easy to capture that moment as the mouse was obviously not human and yet he had to produce a character and emotions for the mouse that were believable and, while maintaining the anatomical proportions, create something that neither looked like a cartoon character nor a real mouse.
The sculpture was cast from bronze in Tomsk by Maxim Petrov.
Baiterek (monument)

Baiterek (Kazakh: Бәйтерек, romanized: Bäiterek; "tall poplar tree") is a monument and observation tower in Astana, the capital city of Kazakhstan. A tourist attraction popular with foreign visitors and Kazakhs, it is emblematic of the city, which became capital of the country in 1997. The tower is located on Nurjol Boulevard, and is considered a symbol of post-independence Kazakhstan.
The project was launched on the initiative of the first President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev; the architect of the project is Akmurza Rustembekov.
The 105 meters tall structure rises from a wide flat base within a raised plaza. It consists of a narrow cylindrical shaft, surrounded by white branch-like girders that flare out near the top, supporting a gold-mirrored 22 meter diameter sphere. The base contains a ticket booth and exhibition space, with two lifts rising within the shaft to the observation deck within the 'egg'. Entrances to the monument are sunk below eye level, reached by stairs from the surrounding plaza.
The observation deck is 97 meters above ground level. It consists of two levels, one with 360 degree views of Astana and beyond, with a second, higher level, reached by a flight of stairs. The top level features a gilded hand print of the right hand of Nursultan Nazarbayev, the first President of independent Kazakhstan, mounted in an ornate pedestal. A plaque invites visitors to place a hand in the imprint and make a wish. Alongside the handprint, and also oriented in the direction of the presidential palace, is a wooden sculpture of a globe and 16 radiating segments, commemorating the Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions, held several times in Astana, previously known as "Nur-sultan"
The monument was built as a symbol of the transfer of the capital from Alma Ata to Astana in 1997.
The monument is meant to embody a folktale about a mythical tree of life and a magic bird of happiness: the bird, named Simurgh, laid her egg in the crevice between two branches of the tree.
The significance of "Baiterek" as a symbol of a new stage in the life of the Kazakh people is emphasized by the artistic composition "Ayaly alakan" (Kazakh: Аялы алақан - "caring hands") with an imprint of the president's right hand, located at a height of 97 meters, which symbolizes 1997 - the year of the proclamation Astana as the new capital of the state and, accordingly, a new starting point in the history of the country.
Viti maalum vya wanawake

Viti maalum vya wanawake ni nafasi bungeni zinazotolewa kwa utaratibu unaopatikana katika nchi mbalimbali na unaolenga kuongeza idadi ya wanawake na athira yao katika bunge na mabaraza na kwa njia hiyo katika siasa ya nchi hizo kwa jumla.
Kuna nchi nyingi za dunia zilizochukua hatua za kuongeza nafasi za wanawake serikalini kulingana na mkataba kuhusu ufutaji wa ubaguzi wote wa wanawake (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) uliosainiwa na mataifa 189 tangu kuanzishwa mwaka 1981 na kuimarishwa na azimio la Mkutano Mkuu wa Umoja wa Mataifa mwaka 2011. .
Kati ya hatua hizo ni utaratibu wa kisheria wa kutenga sehemu ya viti vya bunge za kitaifa kwa wanawake pekee. Mnamo mwaka 2013 utaratibu huo ulitumiwa katika nchi 36, hasa za Afrika na Asia Kusini.
Katika Amerika ni nchi ya Haiti.
Katika Afrika ni nchi za Algeria, Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Eswatini, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan Kusini, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda na Zimbabwe.
Katika Asia ni nchi za Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Iraq, Jordan,Palestina, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Philippines, Samoa, Taiwan, Timor-Leste na Vanuatu.
Nchi nyingi hutenga idadi ya viti vya wabunge kwa ajili ya wanawake wanaochaguliwa kwa namna za pekee. Mara nyingi wananchi hupiga kura mara mbili, kwanza kwa wawakilishi wao kwa jumla halafu kura ya pili kwa ajili ya wanawake pekee.
Kuna pia nchi ambazo zimeanzisha majimbo ya uchaguzi kwa ajili ya wagombea wanawake pekee.
Nchi chache hutumia mfumo kama Tanzania ambako takriban theluthi 1 ya viti kwenye bunge ni viti maalumu ya wanawake wanaoingia baada ya kutajwa na vyama vya kisiasa lakini bila kupigiwa kura.
Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya, 2007

Uchaguzi Mkuu wa mwaka 2007 nchini Kenya ulikuwa na matatizo mengi na kusababisha machafuko yaliyopelekea kutokea kwa vifo. Katika kadhia hii, watu 1,300 walipoteza maisha na wengine 300,000 kujeruhiwa.
Baada ya Raila Odinga wa ODM kuongoza katika hesabu ya kura kwa muda mrefu Tume ya Uchaguzi ya Kenya lilisimamisha hesabu kwa muda wa usiku mmoja na baada ya kuanza upya kura za Mwai Kibaki wa PNU zilikuwa mbele. Tume ikamtangaza Kibaki kuwa mshindi naye aliapishwa mara moja bila kusubiri muda wa kisheria kwa malalamiko. Watazamaji waliona kasoro, makosa na matokeo yaliyodokeza ya kwamba hesabu ya kura ilibadilishwa kwenye ngazi za kupiga jumla za kura kimkoa na kitaifa. Vilevile kuna madokezo ya kwamba kura za kirais ziliongezwa katika usiku ambako hesabu ilisimamishwa.
Matokeo yaliyotangazwa ni kama yafuatayo:
Wagombea wengine walimaliza kwa kura chache tu.
Wabunge 207 walichaguliwa. Kura zitarudiwa katika majimbo 3. Wabunge 12 wa ziada watateuliwa na rais. Akifuata kawaida atawateua kufuatana na nguvu ya vyama bungeni.
Magazeti yalitoa taarifa ya kwamba wabunge 30 wa vyama vidogo waliunda "Kundi la vyama vidogo bungeni" (Small Parties Parliamentary Group); idadi hii ingejumlihsa wabunge waliohesabiwa juu kama kundi la PNU.
Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya, 1997

Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya wa 1997 ndio ulikuwa wa pili katika Mfumo wa Vyama Vingi nchini Kenya. Ulifanyika tarehe 29 Desemba 1997.
Kulikuwa na wagombezi watano muhimu wa urais katika uchaguzi huu, huklu mmoja akiwa mwanamke wa kwanza kugomba urais nchini Kenya:
(Wabunge 222, 12 wakiteuliwa na rais, 210 wakichaguliwa na raia kutumikia kipindi cha miaka mitano)
Out for the Count: The 1997 General Elections and Prospects for Democracy in Kenya, Rutten, Marcel et al Eds., Uganda, Fountain, 2001.
NARC-Kenya

National Rainbow Coalition–Kenya (NARC-Kenya) ni chama cha kisiasa nchini Kenya. Kilianzishwa baada ya kushindwa kwa Rasimu ya Katiba inayofadhiliwa na Serikali katika NARC asilia baada ya kura maalumu juu ya katiba ya Kenya 2005.
NARC-Kenya ilipangwa kuwa chama kipya cha kumrudisha Mwai Kibaki kama rais wa Kenya baada ya kuporomoka kwa NARC asilia bila kuacha nembo na jina la "Rainbow".
NARC-Kenya ilikuwa na mafanikio mwaka 2006 katika uchaguzi mdogo ilipopata viti vitatu. Lakini baadaye ilionekana ya kwamba sehemu ya wanaisasa katika serikali ya Kibaki walikataa kuijiunga na chama wakidai athira ya viongozi wa Kenya ya Kati ilikuwa kubwa mno ilikuwa kama umbo tofauti ya Democratic Party of Kenya.
Mnamo Oktoba 2007 miezi michache kabla ya uchaguzi maungano mapya ya Party of National Unity yaliundwa kuwa chombo cha kempeni ya Kibaki.
NARC Kenya ikisimamiwa na Martha Karua ilimuidinisha Kiongozi wa Chungwa Raila Odinga kama mgombea wa urais katika uchaguzi wa Mwaka 2022.
Wanawake wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kiarabu ya Sahara

Wanawake katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kiarabu ya Sahara ni wanawake ambao walizaliwa, wanaishi au wanatoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kiarabu ya Sahara katika eneo la Sahara ya Magharibi au makambi ya wakimbizi ya Sahrawi. Katika jamii ya Sahrawi wanawake wanashiriki katika majukumu na kazi mbalimbali ya kijamii pamoja na mashirika Ya kijamii. Kifungu cha 41 cha Katiba ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kiarabu Kinahakikisha kwamba serikali itazingatia kukuza ushiriki wa wanawake katika masuala ya kisiasa, kijamii na kitamaduni kwa ajili ya maendeleo na ukuaji wa taifa.
Mavazi yanayovaliwa na wanawake wa Sahrawi ni pamoja na vazi linaloitwa Daraa na kitambaa cha kichwani kinachojulikana kama Mefhla.
Katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2012 katika bunge la Sahrawi, asilimia 35 ya wabunge walikuwa wanawake na katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2008, wanawake walipata walifanikiwa kupata asilimia 34.61 ya viti vya uwakilishi bungeni.
Taasisi ya elimu ya juu ya Gombe

Taasisi ya Juu ya Ualimu ya Gombe "ISP-Gombe" ni taasisi ya elimu ya juu ya umma iliyoko kwenye makutano ya barabara za Baba Boka na Kisangani, katika manispaa ya Gombe, Kinshasa, mji mkuu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo.
Historia ISP Gombe ilianzishwa tarehe 07 Oktoba 1981, ili kutoa mafunzo ya walimu wa kiwango cha juu, ili kukidhi mahitaji ya elimu ya nchi. Kwa miaka mingi, chuo hicho kimepanua masomo yake ili kutia ndani masomo mbalimbali, huku kikikazia ufundishaji.
Kusudi la ISP Gombe ni kutoa mafunzo na usimamizi unaokuza mafunzo mazuri ya kiakili na ya kitaaluma katika mazingira bora. Taasisi hiyo hukazia maendeleo ya maadili, kiakili, kiroho, na maadili ya kiraia, kama vile kuheshimu manufaa ya watu wote, unyofu, uadilifu, maendeleo, roho ya kufanya kazi, uvumilivu, ustadi wa kuishi, ustawi, mshikamano, na utaratibu.
ISP Gombe ina miundombinu inayofaa ikijumuisha:
Vituo hivi vinaunga mkono shughuli za masomo na za nje ya shule, na kuwapa wanafunzi mazingira yanayofaa kwa ajili ya kujifunza na maendeleo ya kibinafsi.
ISP Gombe inatoa sehemu kadhaa za mafunzo:
Sehemu ya jioni: Sehemu hii ni kwa ajili ya wanafunzi ambao wanataka kujifunza jioni.
Programu hizo zimeandaliwa ili kukidhi mahitaji ya soko la kazi na matarajio ya wanafunzi.
ISP Gombe huwatia moyo wanafunzi kushiriki katika shughuli mbalimbali za kitamaduni, michezo na burudani, kama vile mikutano, vikundi vya kufikiria, michezo ya kuigiza, mpira wa miguu, mpira wa kikapu na mpira wa wavu. Shughuli hizo zinakusudiwa kuwasaidia wanafunzi wafanikiwe na kusitawisha maadili na maadili mazuri.
Idara ya Elimu ya Juu ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo inawakaribisha waombaji ambao wanatimiza mahitaji ya idara ya Elimu ya Juu ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Maelezo ya kina kuhusu utaratibu wa kujiandikisha na programu zinazotolewa yanapatikana kwenye tovuti rasmi ya taasisi hiyo.
Shule ya Upili ya Nyeri

Shule ya Upili ya Nyeri ni shule ya wavulana ya bweni iliyoko Nyeri karibu na Mathari Consolata Mission Hospital ambayo hutoa elimu ya sekondari kulingana na muundo wa 8-4-4. Kando na kujulikana kama kigogo wa masomo katika eneo hilo, shule hiyo pia inajulikana kwa ukosefu nidhamu uliofikia kilele pale viranja wanne wa shule walichomwa na moto uliosababishwa na mwanafunzi mwenzao na kufuatiwa miaka michache baadaye na mgomo wa mwanafunzi uliofanya afisa wa serikali kuchunguza uendeshaji wa shule.
Mwaka 2006, Shule ya Upili ya Nyeri ilikuwa shule ya 22 bora zaidi nchini Kenya kulingana na matokeo ya Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.
Shule ilianzishwa mwaka 1907 kama shule ya msingi pamoja na, jirani Seminari ya Mtakatifu Paulo na Mathari Mission Hospital na Consolata Missionary Sisters juu ya sehemu ya ardhi iliyopatikana kutoka wakuu mtaa miaka michache mbeleni. Miaka ya 1930, Shule ilianza kupatiana vyeti vya K.A.P.E na wakati Kenya ilipata uhuru wake wa kisiasa mwaka 1963, ilikuwa imeendelea hadi kuwa Shule ya Upili iliyokuwa ikipatiana vyeti vya O-Level na A-Level.
Nyegere

Nyegere, melesi au mhilu (jina la kisayansi: Mellivora capensis) ni mnyama mdogo wa familia Mustelidae anayetokea Afrika, Mashariki ya Kati na Uhindi.
Nyegere huishi peke yake kwenye shimo analolichimba yeye mwenyewe. Ni wachimbaji wazuri sana. Vile vidole vyao vyenye kucha ndefu na ngumu humsaidia sana kwenye kazi hii. Hata kama ardhi ni ngumu sana, ana uwezo wa kuchimba shimo linalomtosha kujificha katika kipindi kinachokadiriwa kuwa ni dakika kumi tu. Ni mvivu katika masuala ya nyumba yake hivyo basi anapojisikia uvivu hujilaza sehemu yoyote inayomfaa. Alikwishaonekana akiwa kajiliza katika pango la mbwamwitu kama kwake.
Ni mnyama mdogo anayekula kila kitu: nyoka wenye sumu, kenge, majani, matunda, maiti ya binadamu, mizoga ya chui, simba, duma, ndege n.k. Ana meno makali/magumu sana yenye uwezo wa kupasua hata jumba la kobe.
Katika Guiness World Book of Records yeye ndiye kiumbe asiye na hofu kuliko wote duniani. Alishawahi kukutwa akipigana na chui, simba na hata tembo na vifaru katika nyakati tofauti.
Ngozi yake ni ngumu sana kiasi kwamba mishale na mikuki au risasi ni ngumu kupenya. Ukitaka kumwua ni kumpiga kwa kitu kizito au risasi katika fuvu la kichwa. Mwili wake haudhuriki na sumu ya nyoka wa kawaida na ikitokea ameumwa na nyoka mwenye sumu kali na hiyo sumu ikapenya kwenye damu yake itamfanya alale kwa saa chache tu, kisha ataendelea na mambo yake.
Inasemekana nyegere ni mnyama mwenye wivu na mapenzi makubwa sana kwa jike lake. Hutembea nyuma ya jike huku akiwa ameziba sehemu za siri za jike. Hata jani tu likiigusa sehemu ya siri ya jike, litararuliwa na kupokea kichapo cha hatari, maana wivu wa dume ni kuwa jani litakuwa "limefaidi utamu" wa jike.
Nyegere anaweza kununua ugomvi mpaka kijiji cha sita, warina asali ndio waathirika wakubwa wa hasira za nyegere. Anaweza kuujambia mzinga akala kidogo asali na kupeleka kwa mke. Mrina asali akifika na kupakua, nyegere ana uwezo wa kufuatilia harufu ya aliyeiba asali yake mpaka nyumbani, na akifika anavunja mlango na kuingia ndani na kumvamia mwizi wa asali yake (ukizingatia milango ya vijijini si imara). Watu kadhaa wameuawa kwa namna hiyo. Huko Singida aliwahi kusafiri zaidi ya kilomita saba usiku kwa usiku anafuata harufu ya mtu aliyerina mzinga wa asali aliyoijambia, alipofika akavunja mlango na kukuta wamelala watu wanne kwenye mkeka mmoja, akabagua yule mwizi wake, akagawa kichapo halafu akarudi porini kimyakimya.
Kikohozi kikuu

Kikohozi kikuu, au kikohozi cha siku 100, ni ugonjwa unaosababishwa na bakteria. Mwanzoni, dalili huwa sawa na za mafua ya kawaida ambapo mtu huwa na mafua, homa na kikohozi cha kiwango kidogo. Dalili hizi kisha hufuatiwa na vipindi vya kikohozi kikali kwa wiki kadhaa. Sauti kali ya “whoop” inaweza kutoka kufuatia tukio la kukohoa mtu anapovuta pumzi. Kikohozi hiki kinaweza kudumu kwa zaidi ya siku mia moja au wiki kumi. Mtu anaweza kukohoa sana hadi akatapika, akavunjika mbavu, au akawa mchovu sana kutokana na juhudi za kukohoa. Watoto wa chini ya mwaka mmoja wanaweza kuwa na kikohozi kidogo au hata wasiwe nacho na badala yake wawe na vipindi ambapo hawapumui. Kipindi cha kati ya kuambukizwa na kuanza kwa dalili kwa kawaida huwa siku saba na kumi. Ugonjwa huu unaweza kutokea kwa watu waliochanjwa, lakini kwa kawaida dalili huwa hafifu.
Kifaduro husababishwa na bakteria ya Bordetella pertussis. Kifaduro ugonjwa unaosambazwa hewani unaoenea haraka kwa kikohozi na chafya ya mtu aliyeambukizwa. Watu wanaweza kuwaambukiza wengine kutoka mwanzo wa dalili hadi takriban wiki tatu baada ya kuanza kwa matukio ya kukohoa. Watu wanaotibiwa kwa antibiotiki huwa hawaambukizi wengine baada ya siku tano. Utambuzi hufanywa kwa kuchukua sampuli kutoka kwa sehemu ya nyuma ya pua na koo. Sampuli hii kisha inaweza kuchunguzwa kwa kukuza vimelea au kwa kukuza akala ya DNA.
Kinga huwa hasa kwa chanjo ya dawa ya chanjo. Chanjo ya kwanza hupendekezwa kati ya wiki sita na nane baada ya kuzaliwa huku vipimo vinne vya dawa vikipeanwa katika miaka miwili ya kwanza baada ya kuzaliwa. Chanjo hii huisha nguvu baada ya muda, hivyo vipimo zaidi hupendekezwa kwa watoto wakubwa na watu wazima. Antibiotiki zinaweza kutumika kuzuia ugonjwa huu katika watu walio katika hatari kubwa ya kuambukizwa ugonjwa huu. Kwa watu walioambukizwa, antibiotiki hufaa ikiwa watazitumia wiki tatu baada ya dalili za kwanza, la sivyo hazina manufaa mengi kwa watu wengi. Katika watoto wa chini ya mwaka mmoja na kina mama wajawazito, antibiotiki hupendekezwa wiki sita baada ya kuanza kwa maambukizi. Antibiotiki zinazotumika hujumuisha erythromycin, azithromycin, au trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Hakuna ushahidi wa kutosha kuhusu manufaa ya matibabu kwa kikohozi hiki. Idadi kubwa ya watoto wa chini ya mwaka mmoja huhitajii kulazwa hospitalini.
Inakadiriwa kwamba kifaduro huwaathiri watu milioni 16 kote duniani kila mwaka. Idadi kubwa ya visa hutokea katika mataifa yanayostawi na watu wa umri wowote wanaweza kuathiriwa Mwaka wa 2013, ugonjwa huu ulisababisha vifo 61,000 – vilivyoshuka kutoka vifo 138,000 mwaka wa 1990. Karibu 2% ya watoto wanaoambukizwa wakiwa wa chini ya mwaka mmoja hufa. Maelezo ya mizuko ya ugonjwa huu yalitolewa kwa mara ya kwanza katika karne ya 16. Bakteria inayosababisha ugonjwa huu ilitambuliwa mwaka wa 1906. Chanjo yake ilipatikana katika miaka ya 1940.
Nyagondo

Nyagondo is a small market centre in Gem Constituency, Siaya County, in the Republic of Kenya. It is located along the Kisumu Siaya tarmac road, approximately 70 kilometres to the west of Kisumu town and 17 kilometres to the east of Siaya town. The people of Nyagondo are members of the Luo community and speak the Dholuo language.
Nyagondo is home to the Nyagondo Catholic parish, which sponsors the Nyagondo Primary School and Mixed Secondary Schools. Nyagondo is about 7 kilometer from apuoche market which borders River Yala on the way to the Akala market which is a border to other major places such as Seme, Asembo, and Bondo.
An interview with one elderly man revealed that men in the older generation married many wives. As such, clans and sub-clans have been named after these wives. For example, Thomo, who was a great-grandson of Gem, had many wives, namely Awidi, Achar, Aluoch, Awuor and Adhasi. The clans living around this area have thus been named after these wives and hence Kachar, Kaluoch, Kawidi, Kawuor and Kadhasi. Nyagondo is located within the Kadhasi sub-clan but serves as an economic hub for all the other sub-clans.
Peasant farming is the predominant economic activity with locals majoring in subsistence crop cultivation and domestic animal rearing. Popular crops grown include maize, beans, millet, cassavas, sweet potatoes, cow peas, tomatoes and kales. The animals kept include cattle, sheep and goats. Some farmers are also involved in small-scale cash crop farming, majoring in sugar cane, which supplies the local jaggeries in Luanda, Panyako and Uhembo.
Nyagondo recently benefited from the Rural Electrification Programme, which has helped to boost economic activity and living standards in the area. The area also has a health facility that is funded by the government, both directly and indirectly, from the LATF and CDF programmes.
The main economic challenge remains youth unemployment and poverty as most residents of Nyagondo, like many Kenyans, live on less than a dollar a day.
The people of Nyagondo practice Christianity, a large number being Catholics, with many being Anglicans or adherents of other Christian denominations including Legio Maria, Roho and also Evangelical followers. Very few people practice traditional African religion.
Lannea welwitschii

Lannea welwitschii is a species of tree in the family Anacardiaceae. It is native to the tropical rainforests of West and Central Africa. The timber is used to make furniture and utensils and for many other purposes, the fruits can be eaten, and the bark is used to produce a dye, for making rope and in traditional medicine.
A medium-sized evergreen or deciduous tree, L. welwitschii can grow to a height of about 30 m (100 ft). The trunk is straight and cylindrical and up to 100 cm (40 in) in diameter. It has no buttresses. The bark is grey or greyish-brown and smooth at first, developing rounded shallow pits and flakes later. The inner bark is fibrous, being reddish with white streaks, and exudes a clear sticky fluid when damaged. The branches form a spreading crown and the twigs bear many lenticels. The leaves are in opposite pairs and are clustered at the ends of the branches. They are pinnate, up to 20 by 12 cm (8 by 5 in), with usually five to seven, ovate leaflets. The inflorescences are pyramidal panicles clad in yellowish hairs, up to 20 cm (8 in) long, growing in the leaf axils. The yellowish-green flowers are unisexual and regular with parts in fours. They are followed by single-seeded drupes, 6 to 8 mm (0.24 to 0.31 in) long, which are black when ripe.
The species is native to Western and Central Africa, its range extending from Liberia to Angola, Kenya and Ethiopia. It occurs in lowland rain forests below about 1,100 m (3,600 ft), with a preference for swampy or riverine locations. It is considered a pioneer species and is primarily found in secondary forest.
Lannea welwitschii is fast-growing and can be coppiced or pollarded, and can be made into a living fence. An orange or reddish-brown dye can be extracted from the bark, and the fibres can be made into ropes and sandals. The heartwood of the timber is cream-coloured and light, but not durable. It is used for making household utensils, boxes, crates, veneers and plywood. It is also used in flooring, furniture, vehicle bodies, cabinet work, light joinery, matches and hardboard. The wood can be used for kindling, and the bole of the tree can be hollowed out to make a canoe.
The fruit can be eaten raw, being resinous with an acidic flavour. A decoction of the bark is used in traditional medicine for women's ailments, diarrhoea, dysentery, urethral discharge and haemorrhoids. The bark is applied as a pulp for the treatment of ulcers and skin ailments, and as a powder for treating wounds and snakebites. A decoction of the roots is used as an expectorant or emetic.
Akala Devi Temple

Akala Devi temple (Nepali :अकला देवी मन्दिर) is situated at Lamachaur, Pokhara. It is a three tiered roof built in Nepalese style. It is dedicated to Goddess Akala Devi. The Nepalese-style temple of Akala Devi at Lamachaur of Pokhara comprises three tiered roofs but is built of cement and bricks rather than wood. The temple is newly built. Originally, a small shrine honouring the goddess was present under a tree but this was later replaced by the present temple. It is mainly followed by Hinduism religion people.
There are many festivals throughout the year, and thousands of people attend these temple to worship. The most important festivals of them are Dashain, which usually takes place during either September or October (as per the traditional Hindu Calendar) and Teej, a large number of devotees visit it on Teej.
Local public buses to Akala Devi Temple are available from Mahendrapul, Lamachour, Bhurjung khola.
Rubus hawaiensis

Rubus hawaiensis, also called the ʻĀkala, is one of two species (with R. macraei) commonly known as Hawaiian raspberry, endemic to Hawaii. It is found on the islands of Kauaʻi, Molokaʻi, Maui, O'ahu, and Hawaiʻi in mesic to wet forest at elevations of 600–3,070 m (1,970–10,070 ft). In most areas it is not common, but in some places (such as the upper Koʻolau Gap in Haleakalā and Laupāhoehoe Natural Area Reserve) it can be a dominant member of the understory vegetation. Although similar to the other Hawaiian species, Rubus macraei, the two are believed to be derived from separate dispersals to Hawaii.
Rubus hawaiensis is a deciduous shrub, typically growing as a clump of erect or (when longer) arching canes, 1.5–3 m (4.9–9.8 ft) long. The leaves are compound, with three leaflets. The fruit is red, large (up to 4 cm or 1.6 in long and 2.5 cm or 0.98 in wide), and edible but not often eaten, as it is sour and somewhat bitter.
Although frequently described as prickle-free ("thornless"), and often used as an example of loss of defenses in island plants, most plants do have thin prickles at least when small. As the cane grows the outer layer of bark usually sheds, taking the prickles with it. Interest in breeding "thornless" varieties of edible raspberries (possibly even with distantly related species since most Rubus readily hybridize) has led to the introduction of several species of continental Rubus species which have since escape cultivation and become pests. These include the yellow Himalayan raspberry, Rubus ellipticus, and the Florida prickly blackberry, R. penetrans (R. argutus).
The presence of invasive alien Rubus species along with two native species has led to a debate on biological control. Specifically, whether an agent that might be able to control the alien species should be released even if it may have serious impacts on the native species, if the latter are not part of a major evolutionary diversification and not a major part of most ecosystems. Some would argue that it is worth sacrificing a small component in order to save the whole ecosystem, while others say that humans should not be multiplying the damage they have already caused by introducing the aliens.
This berry is believed to be the land counterpart to the limu kala both appearing in the first period of creation (wā) as mentioned in the Kumulipo.
Media related to Rubus hawaiensis at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Rubus hawaiensis at Wikispecies
رادھیکا سرتھکمار

رادھیکا سارتکمار (انگریزی: Raadhika Sarathkumar) (ولادت: 21 اگست 1962ء) ایک بھارتی فلمی اداکارہ، کاروباری اور پروڈیوسر ہیں جو بنیادی طور پر تمل اور تیلگو سنیما میں کام کرتی ہیں۔ انھوں نے ملیالم، ہندی، کنڑ میں بھی اداکاری کی اور اپنے فلمی زندگی کے دوران میں 350 فلموں میں کام کیا ہے۔ وہ رادن میڈیا ورکس انڈیا لمیٹڈ کی بانی اور چیئر پرسن (سی پی) ہیں اوران کی پروڈکشن کمپنی بیشتر جنوبی بھارتی زبانوں کے سیریل کو پروڈیوس کرتی ہے۔
رادھیکا تمل اداکار اور کامیڈین، ایم آر رادھا اور گیتھا کی بیٹی ہیں۔ انھوں نے اپنی تعلیم ہندوستان اور برطانیہ میں مکمل کی۔ ان کی ایک چھوٹی بہن نوروشا ہے، جو ایک اداکارہ اور دو چھوٹے بھائی راجو اور موہن بھی ہیں۔ ان کا ایک بڑا سوتیلا بھائی رادھا روی بھی ہے۔
کیلے کے پکوان کی فہرست

یہ کیلے کے پکوان اور کھانوں کی فہرست ہے جس میں کیلا بنیادی جزو کے طور پر استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔ کیلا ایک خوردنی پھل ہے پودوں کی نسل موسی سے تعلق رکھتا ہے۔ کچھ ممالک میں، کھانا پکانے کے لیے استعمال ہونے والے کیلے کو پلانٹین کہا جاتا ہے۔ پھل جسامت ، رنگ اور مضبوطی کے لحاظ سے مختلف قسموں میں پایا جاتا ہے لیکن عام طور پر لمبے اور مڑے ہوئے ہوتے ہیں، جس میں نشاستے سے بھرے ہوئے نرم گودے کے ساتھ چھلکا ہرا ، پیلا ، سرخ ، جامنی یا بھوری رنگ کیاہوسکتا ہے۔ پھل پودوں کے سب سے اوپر لٹکتے ہوئے جھرمٹ میں اگتے ہیں۔
Panipuri

Panipuri or golgappa is a deep-fried breaded hollow spherical shell - about 1 inch (25 mm) in diameter - filled with a combination of potatoes, raw onions, chickpeas, and spices. It is a common snack and street food in the Indian subcontinent. It is often flavoured with chili powder, chaat masala, herbs, and many other spices.
Panipuri has many regional names in the Indian subcontinent: Maharashtra and South India: panipuri; Haryana: pani-patashi; Madhya Pradesh: fulki; Uttar Pradesh: pani-ke-batashe/padake; Assam: phuska/puska; Gujarat: pakodi; Odisha: gup-chup; Delhi: golgappa/phuchka; Bengal: phuchka and Bihar: jalpooree/phuchka.
According to culinary anthropologist Kurush Dalal, chaat originated in the North Indian region of what is now Bihar. The origins of golgappa trace back to India. He also noted that it possibly originated from Raj-Kachori: an accidentally-made smaller puri giving birth to panipuri. Panipuri spread to the rest of India mainly due to the migration of people from one part of the country to another in the 20th century.
On 10 March 2005, the word "panipuri" was added to the Oxford English Dictionary.
Pani puri has evolved significantly over time. Also known as "golgappa," the dish consists of a small, hollow, fried wheat and/or semolina shell filled with spiced mashed potatoes and served with either a green or a brown-coloured dipping water; or both. This "water" is technically a diluted chutney. Over time, variations of the filling and the flavoured water emerged, reflecting the regional preferences and availability of ingredients. The flavoured water, also known as the "pani," is an essential component of the dish and is often the main source of flavour.
The brown water is known throughout India as khatta meetha pani, which translates to as "sweet and sour water". The main composition of this water is tamarind and jaggery. The hotter alternative to this water, which is also typically the standard dipping green liquid for this dish, is known as theeka pani, which means "spicy water". It consists of herbs like mint and coriander along with green chillies. Both waters can include a garnishing of boondi, a concoction made of fried chickpea flour. Some regional variations also use sweet flavours like fruit juices or dates, as well as many optional toppings like sev.
Bangarapet panipuri is renowned for its distinctive white-colored pani, retaining a spicy kick that has been traditionally handed down through generations.
Little India, Artesia, California

Little India is an Indian enclave centered on Pioneer Boulevard between 183rd and 188th streets in the city of Artesia, California. It is the largest Indian enclave in southern California. As of 2003, approximately 120 shops in the area catered to Indian customers. Though (as of 2004) less than 5% of the city's population was Indian American, Little India contributed approximately a quarter of the city's sales tax receipts.
In 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Act abolished restrictive quotas on immigrants from certain regions. During the ensuing increase in immigration from India to the United States, many Indians settled in Los Angeles and Orange Counties. The region's first Indian grocery store was initially established in Hollywood, but it relocated to Artesia in 1970 at the behest of Indians living in Orange County. Other Indian immigrants also settled in Artesia in the 1970s, which was relatively inexpensive at the time. In 1986, there were about 25 Indian businesses on Pioneer Boulevard; the number had grown to about 90 (or 80% of the retail businesses in the core area) by 1995.
In the 1980s and 1990s, there were tensions in the community between Indian businesses/residents and non-Indian businesses/residents. Some local politicians proposed signage officially designating the area as "Little India" in 2004, but this proved divisive. Many opposed such signage on the grounds that it would improperly privilege one ethnic group in a diverse area. Ultimately, the area was designated the Artesia International and Cultural Shopping District on street signs.
As of the late 2010s and early 2020s, the area had begun to struggle as a result of competition from Indian businesses elsewhere in the Los Angeles area and on the internet.
Cultural events held in Little India include celebrations of Indian Independence Day, Diwali, and Navratri. The largest Indian immigrant newspaper in southern California is based in Artesia.