davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
홍콩 지하철

홍콩 지하철(영어: Mass Transit Railway, MTR)은 홍콩 최대의 지하철 노선이다. 일반 명칭은 '매스 트랜짓 레일웨이(Mass Transit Railway)이며, 줄여서 MTR이라고 통칭된다. 중국어로는 항철(중국어 간체자: 港铁, 정체자: 港鐵, 광둥어: 꽁팃, 표준중국어: 깡톄)이라고 한다. 2021년 현재 총 10개의 노선으로 이루어진 지하철 체계로, 경전철 노선도 운영되고 있다.
2007년 12월 2일에 홍콩지철공사(MTRC)에 구광철로공사(KCRC)의 운영권이 양도되어 두 회사가 통합돼 출범한 홍콩철로 유한공사(香港鐵路有限公司, MTR Corporation)가 운영하고 있다.
1. 1975년에 첫 노선이 착공되었다.
2. 1979년 쿤통선의 쿤통-섹깁메이 구간이 개통되었다. 당시 기초 운임은 1홍콩달러였다.
3. 1980년에는 침사추이-센트럴 구간이 개통되었고, 수정조기계통이 완공되었다.
4. 1982년에는 쿤통선과 직통 운행되던 침사추이-센트럴 구간에 새로 노선을 연장하여 췬완선을 개통하였다.
5. 일반철도 노선이던 서철선의 전철화 작업이 진행되어 홍콩 지하철 체계의 일부로 편입되었다.
6. 1985년에는 사상 처음으로 홍콩섬에만 전 구간 노선이 있는 홍콩심선이 개통되었다.
7. 1998년에는 란터우섬과 까우룽을 잇는 뚱충선이 개통하였으며, 같은해 7월 6일에는 뚱충선을 따라 홍콩 국제공항까지 이어지는 공항철도인 공항선이 개통되었다.
8. 2002년에는 홍콩 시내와 로하스 파크를 잇는 정관오선이 개통되었다.
9. 2003년에는 튄문의 홍콩 경전철과 까우룽을 잇는 서철선이 개통되었다.
10. 2004년에는 까우룽 시내로 가지 않는 노선인 튄마선 1단계가 개통되었다. (개통 당시 마온산선)
11. 2005년에는 홍콩 디즈니랜드 리조트 전용 노선인 디즈니 선이 개통되었다.
12. 2016년 남부섬선이 개통되어, 애드미럴티와 사우스호라이즌을 잇게 되었다.
13. 2021년 6월 서철선과 튄마선 1단계 노선이 하나의 노선으로 합병 및 직결운행을 시작했다. (노선명은 튄마선)
홍콩 교통행정분리 및 중화인민공화국 철도분류 원칙 기준에서는 지하철로 분류되는 도시권철도로 분류되지만, 홍콩 철도운영법상으로는 한국의 한국철도공사, 일본의 JR과 같은 개념인, 국가를 대표하는 철도인 국가철도(국철)로 분류된다.
신안산선

신안산선(新安山線)은 서울특별시 영등포구의 여의도역에서 경기도 시흥시의 시흥시청역과 안산시의 한양대역과 원시역을 이을 광역철도 노선이다.
1997년 IMF 구제금융 요청으로 사업이 무산된 3기 지하철 중 서울 지하철 10호선 노선을 대체하였다. 수익형 민자사업으로 건설되며 2018년 2월 23일 넥스트레인이 우선협상대상자로 지정되었다. 완공되면 소유권은 국가에 귀속되고, 민자 사업자는 선로 유지보수운영 업무를 담당한다. 운영은 동일한 사업자나 별도 업체에서 담당하되, 치안 서비스는 국토교통부 산하의 철도특별사법경찰대에서 담당할 예정이다.
역명은 국가철도공단 노선도에 따른 것으로, 추후 연장되거나 변경될 수 있다.
시흥시청 ~ 원시 구간은 서해선에 포함된 구간으로 2018년 6월 16일 개통되었다. 원시 ~ 송산 구간은 서해선 광역전철과 직결되는 구간으로, 신안산선 사업에 포함된다.
당초 계획은 청량리 ~ 안산 구간을 건설할 예정이었으나, 안산시와 시흥시가 노선을 요구하고 이에 대해 의견 차가 좁혀지지 않아 결국 광명역에서 안산, 시흥 방면 노선이 분기되는 것으로 최종 확정되었다.
2002년 개발계획이 발표되었으나 착공이 계속 지연되면서 광명, 시흥, 안산, 화성 송산그린시티 주민들이 반발하였다. 2018년 9월 광명, 시흥, 안산, 송산 일대 96개 아파트 입주단지 대표들로 구성된 '신안산선의 빠른 개통을 위한 시민연대'(이하 시민연대)는 16년째 진전이 없는 신안산선 착공 요구 성명서를 발표하였다. 시민연대는 "정부의 정보공개사이트를 확인해보면 GTX-A는 실시설계 및 실시협약, 건설사업 관리 등이 내역확인이 가능한데 신안산선은 조회조차 되지 않는다. 주민을 기만하고 무시한 행동이 아닐 수 없다"고도 비판했다. 시흥, 안산, 광명, 금천, 영등포 등 관련 지역의 국회의원들은 '신안산선 조기개통을 위한 국회의원 모임'을 발족해 참여하고 있는 상태이다.
국민의힘 함진규 의원(경기 시흥시 갑)은 국회 국토교통위원회 전체회의에서 김현미 국토교통부 장관에게 신안산선 착공 시기에 대해 질문했고, 김 장관은 "이변이 없으면 내년(2019년) 말 착공한다"고 답변했다. 2018년 12월, 3기 신도시 계획과 함께 발표된 교통 대책에서는 신안산선의 2019년 8월 착공이 포함되었다.
넥스트레인이 민자사업으로 수익성을 맞추기 위해 지하철 출입구를 줄이고 에스컬레이터를 없앴다는 주장이 제기되어 논란이 되었다. 실제로 서울 구간의 경우 최대 깊이가 70m에 달하는 만큼, 엘리베이터를 이용하지 않고는 승강장으로 진입할 방법이 없다. 넥스트레인 측은 이에 대해 초고속 엘리베이터를 설치해 1분 이내 승강장 진입이 가능하다고 설명하나, 출퇴근시간대 엘리베이터 이용자가 몰릴 경우 대기시간이 길어지며, 엘리베이터가 고장났을 때, 엘리베이터를 점검 중일 때는 계단을 이용해야 한다.
서해선 공용 구간인 서화성역 ~ 원시역 공사하고 있으나 늦어도 2026년 3월에 개통 될 예정이다. 신안산선 개통시까지 2024년 11월 2일부터 서화성역 ~ 초지역간 셔틀버스를 운행한다.
수도권 전철 5호선

수도권 전철 5호선(首都圈電鐵五號線)은 서울특별시 강서구에 있는 방화역하고 경기도 하남시에 있는 하남검단산역 및 서울특별시 송파구에 있는 마천역을 잇는 수도권 전철의 운행 계통이다. 노선색은 ●보라색이며, 통행 방향은 어디서든 우측 통행이다. 전 구간을 서울교통공사에서 운영하고 있다. 모든 구간이 지하이며, 모든 역에 스크린도어가 설치되어 있다. 1995년 11월 15일 왕십리역~상일동역 구간 개통으로 운행을 시작하였으며, 1996년 12월 30일까지 서울 지하철 5호선의 전 구간을 개통한 후에 2020년 8월 8일에 하남선 구간인 상일동역~하남풍산역 구간이, 2021년 3월 27일에 강일역과 하남풍산역~하남검단산역 구간이 개통되었다.
지하철 사각지대인 서울 강서 ~ 도심 ~ 강동, 마천지역을 동서로 연결하여 시내 각 지역으로의 접근도를 향상키기고 도심교통 수요를 외곽으로 분산하는 방사형 노선으로 지하철 수혜에서 소외된 강서, 고덕, 마천 등에서 도심근접을 40분 이내로 가능하게 함을 목적으로 건설되었다.
차량기지를 제외한 전 구간이 지하이며, 한강은 교량이 아니라 하저터널을 통해 건넌다.
하저 터널은 당시 기술력으로는 광폭 터널을 만들기 어려웠으므로 상·하행선이 구분되어 있는 단선 쌍굴 형태로 한강 수심보다 약 25 m 정도 더 깊은 곳에 위치한다.
대한민국 도시철도 최초로 전자동 무인운전과 1인 승무제를 도입한 노선이기도 하다.
이 노선은 방화행, 하남검단산행, 마천행 등이 주를 이루며, 영업 운행하는 모든 열차가 각 역에 정차한다.
방화~하남검단산 구간과 방화~마천 구간을 왕복 운행한 열차가 기본을 이루며, 두 계통의 열차는 방화~강동 구간을 같은 선로로 운행하고 강동역 이동 구간은 각 방면의 Y자 선로를 별개로 사용한다.
경정비는 고덕차량사업소하고 방화차량사업소에서, 중정비는 고덕차량사업소에서만 시행한다.
수도권 전철에 속한 다른 노선들과 같은 운임 체계를 사용하며, 환승 통로를 이용하여 수도권 전철에 속하는 다른 노선으로 갈아탈 때 별도로 추가되는 요금은 없다.
승차할 때는 자동 발매기에서 구입한 승차권이나 교통카드(T-Money 등), 교통 카드의 기능이 탑재되어 있는 일부 신용카드를 사용할 수 있으며, 수도권 전철 내의 다른 역에서 발매된 승차권이라도 역시 사용할 수 있다.
수도권 통합 요금제의 적용을 받으며, 서울특별시·경기도·인천광역시 버스(경기도 시외버스, 김포공항·인천공항 리무진 제외)에서 갈아탈 때는 기본 운임이 면제·할인된다.
기점인 방화역의 510부터 시작하여 종점인 하남검단산역의 558에서 끝난다.
지선에 해당하는 구간의 역번호는 개통 초기 본선의 마지막 역이었던 상일동역의 553부터 매겨 554~560번까지 부여되었다.
그러나 둔촌동역부터 이어지는 역들이 상일동역 뒤에 연결되는 역으로 오인될 소지가 있으므로 현재는 한국철도공사가 수도권 전철 1호선의 번호를 매기는 방식을 따라 강동역 이후 본선에서 갈라지는 분기선이라는 의미에서 Point의 첫 글자인 P를 맨 앞에 붙이고 강동역의 역번호(548)로부터 번호를 매긴 P549~P555의 번호를 사용한다.
까치산역 ~ 신정역 구간에 서울 지하철 2호선 신정지선하고의 연결선이, 방이 ~ 오금역 구간에 서울 지하철 8호선 가락시장역하고의 연결선이 각각 설치되어 있다.
까치산역 연결선은 서울교통공사 5000호대 전동차 일부를 반입할 때에 사용되었으며, 방이역 연결선은 서울교통공사 8000호대 전동차의 반입에 사용되었으며, 현재는 서울교통공사 8000호대 전동차가 고덕차량사업소에서 중검수를 받기 위하여 이동할 때에 사용된다.
국도 제5호선

국도 제5호선은 대한민국 경상남도 통영시 도남동 미륵도와 평안북도 자성군 중강면을 잇는 총 연장 1252km의 대한민국의 일반 국도이다. 한반도 국도 중 거리가 가장 긴 노선이다.
안동시와 대구광역시 구간이 이른바 구안 국도라 불리며 왕복 4차선 도로로 새로 건설되어 경상북도의 주요 교통망으로 이용되고 있다. 또 영주시 - 안동시 구간 확장 공사가 완료되었다.
중부내륙고속도로 중 과거 구마고속도로 구간과 중앙고속도로와 나란히 놓여있는 것이 특징이다. 그 외에 충청북도 단양군과 제천시, 강원특별자치도 원주시와 횡성군·홍천군·춘천시 간의 이동 수요가 많은 노선이기도 하다. 원주에서 홍천으로 가는 대부분의 시외버스들은 5번 국도를 많이 이용한다. 대구에서 경상남도 창녕·창원 구간도 4차선으로 잘 단장되어 있다.
현재 이순신대교를 비롯한 거제시 ~ 창원시 구간 건설을 계획중이며, 예전 마산시 구간은 마산시청 앞이 시점이었으나 시점이 거제시로 바뀌고 창원시 통과구간이 이순신대교 ~ 현동교차로 ~ 쌀재터널 ~ 내서읍 중리로 변경되었다.
이후 2021년 6월 22일자로 기점이 다시 경상남도 통영시 도남동으로 연장되었다.
의성군 (봉양면 · 의성읍 · 단촌면) - 안동시 (일직면 · 남후면 · 수상동 · 옥동 · 태화동 · 옥동 · 송현동 · 이천동 · 서후면 · 북후면 · 서후면 · 북후면) - 영주시 (평은면 · 이산면 · 문수면 · 이산면 · 문수면 · 조암동 · 문정동 · 가흥동 · 장수면 · 상줄동 · 안정면 · 봉현면 · 풍기읍)
아래 구간은 국토교통부에서 지정한 자동차 전용도로 구간이므로 보행자, 자전거 등은 통행할 수 없다. 이륜자동차 (모터사이클 혹은 오토바이)는 긴급자동차 (싸이카 및 소방용 모터사이클 등)에 한해 통행이 가능하며, 그 밖의 이륜자동차와 경운기, 우마차, 트랙터, 손수레는 통행할 수 없다.
Seoul Subway Line 5

Seoul Subway Line 5 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, dubbed the purple line, is a long line crossing from west to the east across the Seoul National Capital Area, South Korea. It is one of two subway lines in Seoul to cross under the Han River (the other being the Suin-Bundang Line), which is done at two points (between Mapo and Yeouinaru, and also between Gwangnaru and Cheonho). The main line runs through to Hanam Geomdansan Station while the branch line from Gangdong Station terminates at Macheon Station. In 2019, Line 5 carried an annual ridership of 334 million or about 915,000 passengers per day.
The total length of this line is 58.9 kilometres (36.6 mi). Upon opening, it was among the longest underground railway tunnels of any kind constructed. Today it is the 8th longest continuous underground subway tunnel in the world, just behind Chengdu Metro Line 6, Qingdao Metro Line 1, Guangzhou Metro Line 18, Guangzhou Metro Line 3, Moscow Metro Bolshaya Koltsevaya Line, Beijing Subway Line 10 and Beijing Subway Line 6. Line 5 is also the first subway and passenger railway line in the Korean Peninsula to directly serve an airport, when the line was extended westward to Banghwa via Gimpo International Airport in 1996.
The line was built 1990–1996 and is an important east–west link connecting Gimpo Airport, the Yeouido business area, downtown Seoul, and the Gangdong residential districts.
In 1996 Line 5 was implemented with Automatic train operation. However, it was deemed that a driver would be necessary in case of a breakdown of the automation system, therefore each subway train has one driver on board.
It was the world's longest underground railway line for 9 years until Guangzhou Metro Line 3 came into operation in 2005.
In December 2010 the line is recorded as having the third highest WiFi data consumption in the Seoul Metropolitan area. It averaged 1.67 times more than the other 14 subway lines fitted with WiFi service zones.
The main branch of the line was extended to the city of Hanam with a total of 5 stations spanning 6.5 km. The extension opened in two stages; the first opened on August 8, 2020, and the other opened on March 27, 2021.
In January 2013, the Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation, which operated the line at the time, published free guidebooks features eight tours as well as recommendations for accommodations, restaurants and shopping centers. These guidebooks were printed in three languages: English, Japanese and Chinese (simplified and traditional). They were distributed from information centers on this line.
The tours are designed with different themes for travel along the subway lines, e.g. Korean traditional culture. The destinations range from Jongno 3-ga Station to Anguk Station and Gyeongbokgung Station on line No 3 showcasing antique shops and art galleries of Insa-dong.
In the summer of 2013, the Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation to display water parks that are located near stations operated by the Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation on the LCD display screens both inside the train, and on the station platforms.
Seoul Subway Line 4

Seoul Subway Line 4 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway is a long line crossing from the southwest to the northeast across the Seoul Metropolitan Area. The central section in Seoul City is operated by Seoul Metro with some trains offering through service to Korail's Ansan and Gwacheon Lines. The southern terminus (Oido) is in Jeongwang 4-dong, Siheung City, and the northern terminus (Jinjeop) is in Jinjeop-eup, Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do; the newly built northern section (officially called the Jinjeop Line) is correspondingly owned by a company owned by Namyangju-si, with operations contracted to Seoul Metro. In 2022, the Seoul Metro operated section (excluding the Jinjeop Line) had an annual ridership of 219,587,000 or about 601,608 passengers per day.
Express train service stops at all stations between Danggogae and Sanbon, then at Sangnoksu, Jungang, Choji, Ansan, Jeongwang, and Oido. The express service only operates during rush hours on weekdays.
1985:
1993:
1994:
2000:
2003
2010
2014
2017
2020
2022:
Express services are planned to start skipping various stations north of Sanbon station by 2023 to cut travel times.
(from Jinjeop to Oido)
Gwanghwamun station

Gwanghwamun Station (Korean: 광화문역) is a station on the Seoul Subway Line 5 in South Korea. It is not the closest subway station to the actual gate of Gwanghwamun, which it is named after. It is located next to the U.S. Embassy in Seoul.
This station boasts the most traffic of all Line 5 stations.
In January 2013, the Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation, which operates the line, distributed free guidebooks from the station. These were printed in three languages: English, Japanese and Chinese (simplified and traditional), which features eight tours as well as recommendations for accommodations, restaurants and shopping centers.
Nearby tourist attractions include: Gyeongbokgung Palace, Cheonggyecheon and Kyobo Book Centre.
37°34′17.7″N 126°58′35.7″E﻿ / ﻿37.571583°N 126.976583°E﻿ / 37.571583; 126.976583
Gyeongbokgung station

Gyeongbokgung station (Korean: 경복궁역) is a subway station on Line 3 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. It is the subway station nearest to the Gyeongbokgung Palace. The station is also near the Government Complex–Seoul, the National Police Agency of South Korea, and other administrative buildings in the neighborhood.
The station displays artifacts from various dynasties, with walls decorated in ornate displays design to appeal to tourists.
In January 2013, the Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation, which operates this line, published free guidebooks in three languages: English, Japanese and Chinese (simplified and traditional), which features eight tours as well as recommendations for accommodations, restaurants and shopping centers. The tours are designed with different themes, e.g. Korean traditional culture, which goes from Jongno 3-ga Station to Anguk Station and this station on line No 3 that showcases antique shops and art galleries of Insa-dong.
Jongno

Jongno or Jong-ro (Korean: 종로; lit. Bell Street) is a trunk road and one of the oldest major east–west thoroughfares in Seoul, South Korea. Jongno connects Gwanghwamun Plaza to Dongdaemun.
The area surrounding Jongno is a part of Downtown Seoul and one of the most prominent cultural, historical, and financial areas. Many important landmarks are located along its length, including the Bigak pavilion at Sejongno, the Bosingak belfry (hence the street's name), Tapgol Park (Pagoda Park), the Jongmyo royal ancestral shrine, and the Dongdaemun (Great East Gate). Seoul Subway Line 1 passes under Jongno. The western end of Jongno is serviced by Gwanghwamun Station (Seoul Subway Line 5), and Jongno 3-ga Station is serviced by Subway Lines 1, 3, and 5. Because of the multitude of shops, stores, and groceries along the area, the word "Jongno" is often used in the Korean language to express "Town Square."
Seodaemun station

Seodaemun Station is a station on the Seoul Subway Line 5. It is named after one of the four great gates of the circular wall surrounding ancient Seoul.
37°33′56.7″N 126°57′59.9″E﻿ / ﻿37.565750°N 126.966639°E﻿ / 37.565750; 126.966639
Seodaemun Prison

Seodaemun Prison History Hall (Korean: 서대문형무소역사관) is a museum and former prison in Seodaemun District, Seoul, South Korea. It was constructed beginning in 1907.
The prison was opened on October 21, 1908, under the name Gyeongseong Gamok. During the early part of the Japanese colonial period it was known as Keijo Prison (Keijō Kangoku). Its name was changed to Seodaemun Prison in 1923, and it later had several other names.
The prison was used during the Japanese colonial period to imprison Korean independence activists. It could originally hold around 500 inmates. It had a separate facility for women and young girls. In 1911, notable activist Kim Ku was imprisoned here. In 1919, shortly after the March First Movement, the number of imprisoned increased drastically. About three thousand activists were held here. Among the imprisoned after the March 1 Movement was Ryu Gwansun, who died from the torture inflicted on her.
Park Jin-hong was a nationalist who spent over ten years of her life in Seodaemun Prison between 1932 and 1944 after being arrested five times. There are statues of the friends Lee Hyo-jeong and Park Jin-hong reunited in one of the women's prison cells.
Shortly before the end of the colonial period in 1945, the number of prisoners was 2980. After liberation, the prison was used by the South Korean government, and was known by various official names, including Seoul Prison until 1961, Seoul Correctional Institute until 1967 and Seoul Detention Center until its closure in 1987. It was replaced by a facility in Uiwang, Gyeonggi Province.
In 1992, the site was dedicated as the Seodaemun Prison History Hall, part of Seodaemun Independence Park. Seven of the prison complex's original fifteen buildings are preserved as historical monuments. The History Hall covers topics related to the prison during the Japanese colonial period and continues to serve as a memorial hall.
During a visit to Seodaemun in August 2015, former Japanese prime minister Yukio Hatoyama knelt in front of a memorial stone as an expression of apology for Japanese war crimes in World War II.
Seodaemun Independence Park, including Seodaemun Prison, is closely located to exits 4 or 5 of the Dongnimmun Station on Seoul Subway Line 3.
37°34′28″N 126°57′24″E﻿ / ﻿37.57442°N 126.95663°E﻿ / 37.57442; 126.95663
Seodaemun Art Hall

Seodaemun Art Hall (Korean: 서대문 아트홀) was a South Korean movie theater located in Seodaemun District, Seoul. South Korea. Originally called Hwayang Theater, it opened in 1964 and was demolished in 2012.
Seodaemun Art Hall opened in 1964 as Hwayang Theater. In its early years the theater screened classic Hollywood films such as Ben-Hur and The Sound of Music, and in the 1980s was a hotspot for Hong Kong cinema, hosting premieres and drawing actors such as Leslie Cheung and Chow Yun-fat. It went into decline with the increasing popularity of multiplex movie theaters, and despite changing its name to Dream Cinema in 1999, this attempt to rebrand its image was unsuccessful. In recent years the theater has been limited to screening free previews or films that are long past their opening dates. As of 2008, Seodaemun Art Hall was the last remaining single screen movie theater in Seoul.
With plans to redevelop the area and the building facing demolition, Seodaemun Art Hall announced in October 2007 that it would be closing. To give the theater an appropriate farewell, Kim Eun-joo, the head of Seodaemun Art Hall, invested ₩100 million in upgrading the movie screen and sound system for the purpose of screening her favourite film, Dirty Dancing, for which she translated subtitles herself. The theater was given a retro 1980s look, and a 24 m (79 ft) hand painted advertising board for the film was created to decorate the entrance. Painted by local artist Kim Young-jun, the board took him and his assistants one week to complete.
Dirty Dancing opened at Seodaemun Art Hall in November 2007, and with low priced tickets costing ₩3,500 it attracted 700 to 1,000 viewers per day, several times more than the theater's average audience numbers. The popularity of the screening allowed the film's run to extend into early 2008. Although the theater still remains due to close, it has continued to screen films throughout the year, with a re-release of Hong Kong film A Better Tomorrow opening on 8 August 2008.
As of 2012, Seodaemun Art Hall is demolished.
Seodaemun Art Hall is located directly outside exit 8 of Seodaemun Station on Seoul Subway Line 5.
Jongno 3(sam)-ga station

Jongno 3(sam)-ga Station is an underground station on lines 1, 3 and 5 of the Seoul Subway in South Korea.
In December 2010 the station is recorded as having the fifth highest WiFi data consumption of all the Seoul Metropolitan Subway stations, following Express Bus Terminal Station, Sadang Station, Dongdaemun Station and Jamsil Station.
The station opened to Line 1 services on August 15, 1974. On October 18, 1985, services on Line 3 began stopping at Jongno 3(sam)-ga, and on December 30, 1996, Line 5 trains began calling here.
The following places are accessible from this station's exits as listed.
In January 2013, the Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation, which operates this line, published free guidebooks in three languages: English, Japanese and Chinese (simplified and traditional), which features eight tours as well as recommendations for accommodations, restaurants and shopping centers. The tours are designed with different themes, e.g. Korean traditional culture, which goes from this station to Anguk Station and Gyeongbokgung Station on line No 3 that showcases antique shops and art galleries of Insa-dong.
Jongno 5(o)-ga station

Jongno 5(o)-ga Station is a station on the Seoul Subway Line 1. It is located underneath Jongno, a major street in downtown Seoul.
37°34′15″N 127°00′07″E﻿ / ﻿37.57083°N 127.00194°E﻿ / 37.57083; 127.00194
Anguk station

Anguk station (Korean: 안국; Hanja: 安國), also known as Hyundai E & C station (Korean: 현대건설), is a subway station on the Line 3 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. The station is located in the Anguk neighborhood of Jongno District, Seoul and is the nearest subway station to the Insa and Samcheong neighborhoods. The station is also near the ancient royal residence of Unhyeongung.
In January 2013, the Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation, which operates this line, published free guidebooks in three languages: English, Japanese and Chinese (simplified and traditional), which features eight tours as well as recommendations for accommodations, restaurants and shopping centers. The tours are designed with different themes, e.g. Korean traditional culture, which goes from Jongno 3-ga Station to this station and Gyeongbokgung Station on line No 3 that showcases antique shops and art galleries of Insa-dong.
In March 2018
Anguk Station of Seoul Subway Line 3 will be transformed into a history of independence movement themes for the first time in Korea.
Seoul City is the only one among 950 subway and urban railway stations nationwide to mark the 99 years of the March 1 Independence Movement theme history
The four-story platform section of Anguk Station will contain the achievements and quotations of 80 independence activists including Kim Gu, Ahn Jung-geun, Yoon Bong-gil, Yoo Gwan-sun and Lee Bong-chang. The second and third basement floors of this year will also be built with independence movement and temporary government as the theme of the exhibition and rest area.
Revised Romanization of Korean

Revised Romanization of Korean (국어의 로마자 표기법; Gugeoui romaja pyogibeop; lit. 'Roman-letter notation of the national language') is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. It was developed by the National Academy of the Korean Language from 1995 and was released to the public on 7 July 2000 by South Korea's Ministry of Culture and Tourism in Proclamation No. 2000-8.
The new system addressed problems in the implementation of the McCune–Reischauer system, such as the phenomena where different consonants and vowels became indistinguishable in the absence of special symbols. To be specific, under the McCune–Reischauer system, the consonants ㄱ (k), ㄷ (t), ㅂ (p) and ㅈ (ch) and ㅋ (k'), ㅌ (t'), ㅍ (p') and ㅊ (ch') became indistinguishable when the apostrophe was removed. In addition, the vowels ㅓ (ŏ) and ㅗ (o), as well as ㅡ (ŭ) and ㅜ (u), became indistinguishable when the breve was removed. Especially in early internet use, where omission of apostrophes and breves is common, this caused confusion.
These are notable features of the Revised Romanization system:
In addition, special provisions are for regular phonological rules in exceptions to transcription (see Korean phonology).
Other rules and recommendations include the following:
ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ and ㄹ are transcribed as g, d, b and r when placed at the beginning of a word or coming before a vowel, and as k, t, p and l when followed by another consonant or when appearing at the end of a word.
Almost all road signs, names of railway and subway stations on line maps and signs, etc. have been changed according to Revised Romanization of Korean (RR, also called South Korean or Ministry of Culture (MC) 2000). It is estimated to have cost at least 500 billion won to 600 billion won (US$500–600 million) to carry out this procedure. All Korean textbooks, maps and signs to do with cultural heritage were required to comply with the new system by 28 February 2002. Romanization of surnames and existing companies' names has been left untouched because of the reasons explained below. However, the Korean government recommends using the revised romanization of Korean for the new names.
Like several European languages that have undergone spelling reforms (such as Portuguese, German, Polish or Swedish), the Revised Romanization is not expected to be adopted as the official romanization of Korean family names (example I, Bak, Gim, Choe instead of Lee, Park, Kim, Choi which are used commonly). However, South Korea's Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism recommends those who "newly" register their romanized names to follow the Revised Romanization of Korean.
In addition, North Korea continues to use a version of the McCune–Reischauer system of romanization, a different version of which was in official use in South Korea from 1984 to 2000.
Seoul Subway Line 3

Seoul Subway Line 3 (dubbed The Orange Line) of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway is a rapid transit service that connects Eunpyeong District to Gangnam and southeastern Seoul. Most trains head further northwest to serve Goyang via the Ilsan Line. In 2021, the Seoul Metro operated section had an annual ridership of 295,930,000 or 810,767 passengers per day.
In December 2010 the line is recorded as having the second highest Wi-Fi data consumption in the Seoul Metropolitan area. It averaged 1.8 times more than the other 14 subway lines fitted with Wi-Fi service zones.
Construction began in 1980, and the first section of Line 3 opened (Gupabal–Yangjae; Jichuk opened in 1990) after the completion of work in two stages during 1985, along with subway Line 4. In October 1993, a second extension to the south was opened (Yangjae–Suseo).
In March 1996, the Korail Ilsan Line opened and allowed Line 3 trains to through operate all the way to the city of Goyang. There are two depots near Jichuk station and Suseo station, which are for both Korail and Seoul Metro.
A 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) extension opened on February 18, 2010, stretching from Suseo to Garak Market (Line 8) and Ogeum (Line 5).
On December 27, 2014, Wonheung station opened between Wondang and Samsong stations.
In January 2013, the Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation, published free guidebooks in three languages: English, Japanese and Chinese (simplified and traditional), which features eight tours as well as recommendations for accommodations, restaurants and shopping centers. The tours are designed with different themes for travel along the subway lines, e.g. Korean traditional culture, which goes from Jongno 3-ga station to Anguk station and Gyeongbokgung station on this line that showcases antique shops and art galleries of Insa-dong.
Seoul Subway Line 7

Seoul Subway Line 7 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway was built from 1990 to 1996 (Jangam-Konkuk Univ.) and was completed on August 1, 2000 (central section 17 km (11 mi). Konkuk University to Sinpung); the western section between Sinpung and Onsu was put into service on February 29, 2000. This north-south line does not run through the city centre but links Gangnam directly to the northeastern districts of Seoul. In 2019, Line 7 had an annual ridership of 380 million or 1.04 million passengers per day. Although most trains run between Jangam and Seongnam, some trains short turn at Onsu station and some trains start at Dobongsan station.
All trains on Line 7 are monitored by 1,008 closed-circuit television cameras that were installed in June 2012.
The extension to Incheon Subway Line 1 was designed to relieve the traffic congestion in western Seoul and northern Incheon. Nine stations were added on October 27, 2012, for the 10.2 km (6.3 mi) extension, starting from Onsu Station of Line 7 and ending at Bupyeong-gu Office Station of Incheon Subway Line 1.
Line 7 was extended west of Bupyeong-gu Office. Construction on the two-station, 3.94 km (2.45 mi) extension to Seongnam began in 2013 and was completed on May 22, 2021. The extension allows for transfers to Incheon Subway Line 2.
A further seven-station extension to Cheongna International City station through Cheongna International City is currently planned and is not expected to open any earlier than 2027; the extension will allow for transfers to the airport railroad. Another further two-station extension through Incheon's metropolitan landfill to Geomdan Oryu station is also currently being planned.
Line 7 is also being extended north of Jangam to Yangju and Pocheon in two phases. The first phase, which started construction in late 2019 and is planned to open in 2025, will feature two stations, one of which will be Tapseok station, providing transfers to the Uijeongbu LRT. The second phase, which is still in planning, will feature four additional stations. The second phase may be operated as a shuttle service.
Although the line is mostly operated by Seoul Metro, the section beyond Onsu, between Kkachiul and Seongnam (including the future extension to Cheongna Int'l City) is operated by Incheon Transit Corporation. Further, this section was funded as Bucheon and Incheon City metro, is considered a part of Incheon Metro rather than as a part of Seoul Subway, and serves as an east-west line through wider Incheon area.
Despite this, the entire line is operated as one, with all trains in the Incheon-operated section continuing onto the Seoul-operated section. Approximately half of trains in the Seoul-operated section continue onto the Incheon-operated section.
Line 5 (Beijing Subway)

Line 5 of the Beijing Subway (Chinese: 北京地铁5号线; pinyin: běijīng dìtiě wǔhào xiàn) is a rapid transit line that runs north to south through central Beijing. Line 5's color is maroon. It entered into operation on October 7, 2007. It runs for 27.6 km (17.1 mi) in a near straight line through the city center (just approximately one kilometre (0.62 mi) east of the Forbidden City at Dongdan) from Tiantongyuanbei in Changping District to Songjiazhuang in Fengtai District. Though Line 4 and Line 8 also broadly follow north-south routes (and so, in part, do Lines 14 and 13), Line 5 remains the only line to follow an almost entirely straight north-south course. Line 5 is also notable for including three stations in the densely populated northern suburb of Tiantongyuan, as well as providing convenient access to the Temple of Earth and Temple of Heaven. Since Line 5 connects with Line 1, Line 2 (twice), Line 6, Line 7, Line 10 (twice), Line 13, Line 14 and Line 15, and also links densely populated suburbs directly to the city center, it tends to experience very crowded conditions during rush hour and even very late into the evening. Over 1 million passengers use the line every weekday in 2019.
The first south-bound trains departs from Tiantongyuan North at 4:59 am. The first north-bound train departs from Songjiazhuang at 5:19 am. The last south-bound train leaves Tiantongyuan North at 10:47 pm. The last north-bound train leaves Songjiazhuang at 11:10 pm. For the official timetable, see the reference.
Line 5 runs in a North-South direction, beginning with three stations in the northern suburb of Tiantongyuan in Changping District, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) outside the 5th Ring Road. Then, it enters Chaoyang District and connects to Line 13 at Lishuiqiao. At Datunludong, it connects with Line 15. At Huixin Xijie Nankou, it links up with Line 10 Loop. Further south, it passes immediately to the east of the Temple of Earth and meets the Line 2 Loop at Yonghegong (Lama Temple). Then Line 5 cuts through the old areas of Dongcheng District. It connects with the East-West Line 6 at Dongsi, and the old foreign Legation Quarter between Dongdan and Chongwenmen. Further south, Line 5 stops at Tiantan Dongmen (Temple of Heaven East Gate), connects with the East-West Line 7, as well as Puhuangyu (connects with Line 14) and eventually reaches Songjiazhuang and Line 10 again, in Fengtai District.
●: stop
▲: some SB PM peak trains skip
▼: some NB PM peak trains skip
Line 5 was the first subway line in Beijing to feature platform screen doors in underground stations and automatic platform gates in elevated stations that prevent riders from falling onto the tracks. Line 5 stations also have LCD screens that display the wait times for the next train. Line 5 trains have digital voice announcements (in Mandarin and English) and LCD passenger information displays.
Construction work on Line 5 got underway in late 2002 and the line opened to the public on October 7, 2007.
Anguksa (Seoul)

37°28′15.31″N 126°57′40.13″E﻿ / ﻿37.4709194°N 126.9611472°E﻿ / 37.4709194; 126.9611472
Anguksa (Korean: 안국사) is a shrine located in Nakseongdae Park, Seoul, South Korea. It was built in 1973–74 to commemorate General Kang Kam-ch'an (948–1031). A memorial ceremony is held at the shrine every October to commemorate the general.
The shrine itself was built in a style like that seen in the Goryeo period. It has high ceilings, and houses various portraits of General Gang.
Situated by the shrine is a Three Storied Stone Pagoda (designation Seoul Tangible Cultural Property No. 4) of the Goryeo dynasty, also erected to commemorate General Kang at the place of his birth, Nakseongdae. Nakseongdae (낙성대, 落星垈) literally means “place where a star has fallen,” and refers to the legend that a star fell from the sky when General Kang was born. The pagoda was moved from the original site of Gang's birth (Nakseongdae Yuji, 낙성대유지), and relocated to the Nakseongdae Park area in 1973.
In front of the shrine is a large statue of General Kang on horseback.
Anguksa shrine at Nakseongdae Park can be visited by taking the Green 02 bus from Nakseongdae Station on Subway Line 2.
Sindorim Station

Sindorim station is a station on Seoul Subway Line 1 (overground platforms) and Line 2 (underground). It is also the southeastern terminus of Line 2's Sinjeong Branch to Kkachisan (underground platform 3). The station is located at the northern edge of Sindorim-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul, on the border with Yeongdeungpo-gu.
Sindorim station is designed primarily to serve as a transfer station of the Subway Lines 1 and 2, having no direct exits from the Line 1 platform. It is known to be the most congested transfer station of Seoul Subway, especially during the rush hours. It is estimated that over 320,000 passengers per day use Sindorim Station to transfer between Lines 1 and 2. A plan to extend the Line 2 part of the station, including a new platform for the outer circle line, is now on design. Screen doors have been added to the subway platforms.
D-Cube City, a large leisure complex consisting of a Hyundai department store, additional coffee shops & restaurants on the periphery, a Sheraton Hotel and a Lotte Cinema, is located next to the station. The complex was opened in 2011 and is directly connected to the station by an underground passageway which passes under the entire width of the station.
All Line 2 trains that operate up to this station take the Sinjeong branch to be serviced at the Sinjeong train servicing depot, located next to Yangcheon-gu Office station.
In 2013, improvements were made in terms of accessibility for Line 1. A new overhead concourse was constructed above the Line platforms to ease congestion in the underground concourse, where passengers transfer between Lines 1 and 2. The new overhead concourse includes childcare facilities and meeting rooms.
South Korean music group Jaurim wrote in the song "The Departure," "Strip Show in Sindorim Station..."I wrote the lyrics, ".
Construction of the new high speed commuter rail service, GTX, commenced in 2017. Three separate lines - A, B & C are under construction or in the planning stage. GTX B will, once completed, connect Songdo, Incheon, in the Southwest and Maseok in Namyangju, in the Northeast. Sindorim will be one of the GTX B stations located within Seoul, along with Yeouido, Yongsan and Seoul Station. Construction of GTX B will commence in 2022.
37°30′33″N 126°53′28″E﻿ / ﻿37.50917°N 126.89111°E﻿ / 37.50917; 126.89111
Suseo Station

Suseo Station (Korean: 수서역; Hanja: 水西驛; RR: Suseo-yeok) is a railroad station on the Suin–Bundang Line and Line 3 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. The station is in the Suseo neighborhood of the Gangnam District in Seoul, South Korea. Prior to the Line 3 extension to Ogeum station in 2010, Suseo Station was the southeastern terminus of Line 3. Along with Yangjae station, Suseo Station serves as an important transfer point between Line 3 and buses from/to southern cities such as Seongnam, Yongin, and Suwon.
In December 2016, it became the northern connection point to the Suseo–Pyeongtaek high-speed railway running SRT.
On 30 March 2024, Suseo Station became the northern terminus of the first phase of Line A of the GTX. From this station, the GTX travels south and shares tracks with the SRT on the right-of-way inside the Yulhyeon tunnel and Suseo–Pyeongtaek high-speed railway. The platforms of the GTX are separate from those of the SRT.
In the future, Bundang Line station plans to install evacuation lines on the platform as part of the express train operation. The Suseo Pyeongtaek Express Line is an underground section from this station to Dongtan station.
Suseo station is the terminus of All SRT trains including:
Seoul Subway serves the station with Line 3 and Suin–Bundang Line.
The GTX-A line linking Dongtan to Suseo opened on 30 March 2024. A connection north to Seoul Station and further to Paju City will open sometime in 2026.
The GTX platforms are located separately from the SRT platforms.
Line 5 (Kunming Metro)

Line 5 is a rapid transit line of the Kunming Metro, serving the city of Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. The line has a total length of 26.45 km (16.4 mi) and 22 stations. Phase 1 of the line was opened on 29 June 2022.
Construction began in June 2016. The line is constructed by a consortium consisting of China Railway Construction Corp, Fourth Railway Research Institute Investment Co, and Kunming Railway Group.
The line is operated using six-car Type B trainsets produced by CRRC, with a maximum speed of 80 km/h and a capacity for 2094 passengers.
Finfinnee

Addiis Ababaa-Finfinneen magaalaa guddoo mootummaa naannoo Oromiyaa fi Itoophiyaati fi akkasumas barcuma Gamtaa Afrikaa (Africa Union ti.
Maqaan Finfinnee jedhu seenaa keessatti kan beekamuu durii irraa ka'ee kan jiru yoo tahuu maqaa sirrii jal'isuun ergaman jallina minilk addiis abaabaa kan moggaasan yommuu ta'u garuu minilik dhuma jaarraa 18ffaatti magaala ADDIS ABABA jedhamtu hundeesse.
Magaalaan finfinnee/Addis ababaa/magaala guddittii itoophiyaa,akkasumas magaala guddiitti Oromiyaa tti.
Finfinneen kan argamtu handhura Oromiyaa kutaa biyya Oromoo, Tuulama keessatti yoo tahu durirraa kaasee lafa gosoonni Oromoo akka Gullallee, Abbichuu, Eekkaa, Galaan faa irra jiraachaa turan bakka Hora loonii kan qabdu turte. Mootiin Shawaa gosoota Oromoo kanneen weeraruun Finfinnees qabatee Addis Ababaa jechuun moggaasuun seena badii bara dhiyooti.
Kan jedhanii Oromoo sababa weeraraatiin Finfinneen irraa fudhatamuu mormuufi dha.
Finfinnee kan argamtu lafa olka'aa 2200 m fi naannoo magariisatti argamti. Gara gajjallaa Mount Entoto fi laga Awash argama. Gara gadi aanaan ammoo kan jiru naannoo Bole International Airportiti. Finfinneen Kibbaan qixa galaanaatiin 2326m fi 3000m gara Entoto Mountains Kaabaatiin kan olka'u.
Bulchiinsi magaalaa Finfinne kutaalee bulchiinsa Magaalaa 11tti qoqqoodamtee bulaa kan jirtuudha. Kutaa Magaalaa 11 fi Aanaale 116 qabdi.
Kutaalee magaagalittii 11 armaan gadii tarreefamaniiru.
Kutaa magaala Kuraa lammii
ESO Hotel

ESO Hotel at Cerro Paranal (or Residencia) is the accommodation for Paranal Observatory in Chile since 2002. It is mainly used for the ESO (European Southern Observatory) scientists and engineers who work there on a roster system. It has been called a "boarding house on Mars", because the desert surroundings are Mars-like, and an "Oasis for astronomers". It is not a commercial hotel, and the public cannot book rooms.
The architect was the Chilean-born Hernán Marchant, a current Professor and Associate Dean at North Carolina State University, the architecture firm was Auer+Weber+Assoziierte of Germany and constructor was Vial y Vives Ltda. of Chile. It won the Cityscape Architectural Review Awards in 2005. In 2004 it won the new and overall Leaf-Awards.
Operated by the European Southern Observatory (ESO), an organization based in Munich, the VLT (Very Large Telescope) is reportedly the most powerful telescope based on Earth.
The hotel is at 2,400 meters (7,900 ft) above sea level on Cerro Paranal. The people there work in extreme climatic conditions including intense sunlight, dryness, high wind speeds and great fluctuations in temperature. To protect against these an artificial oasis was built to allow respite between shifts.
The total area is 10,000 m², with an L-shape of 176 m × 53 m. It has 4 levels, 1,000 m² of gardens, 108 rooms, and 18 offices. It includes a restaurant, music room, library, swimming pool, and sauna. Its inauguration was in February 2002.
The hotel complex, comprising four levels, fits into an existing depression in the ground. There are views across the desert to the Pacific Ocean from each of the 120 rooms and also from the dining room veranda. Also visible is a slightly raised dome comprising a steel skeleton that measures 35 meters (115 ft) in diameter.
The hotel's exterior was featured in the 2008 Bond film Quantum of Solace, in which the structure was depicted as the "Perla de Las Dunas" fictional eco-hotel in Bolivia. A miniature of the hotel was built by the visual effects team for the shots in which the hotel is destroyed by a fire in the film.
Hilton Addis

Hilton Addis (Amharic: ሂልተን አዲስ) is a private international hotel in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia owned by Hilton Worldwide. It was opened during the Emperor Haile Selassie regime in 1969, after a 50-year management contract signed between the Hilton Worldwide and the Ethiopian government that would proscribe other branding outside Worldwide permission.
Hilton has been an iconic landmark for Addis Ababa and Ethiopia until the foundation of Sheraton Addis in 1998. It is located at Menelik II Avenue.
Hilton Addis was first opened in 1969 under Emperor Haile Selassie after Hilton Worldwide signed a 50-year contract with the Ethiopian government. This contract could be renewed each decade, giving Hilton Worldwide a 20% share of revenues, while also restricting it from operating another property in the country under the Hilton brand.
Hilton has now 17 brands globally, including Hilton Hotels & Resorts, which operates in Ethiopia. Hilton Addis's design resembled to rock-hewn churches in Lalibela, becoming iconic property of the nation and landmark of Addis Ababa until the foundation of Sheraton Addis in 1998.
Lying in a vast area of land covering 60,000 square meters plot, the hotel is located in Menelik II Avenue and has a 12-storey main building, alongside a garden wing extension added in 1987, making the hotel multi-rooms over 400.
However, the hotel needs special infrastructural improvements including electromechanical appliance and interior of the rooms. The renovation costed 280 million dollars in the past decades, although has not government approval yet.
In the hotel, there is adequate services for guests such as swimming pool with a natural spring water and gym.
According to manager Hilton's Fisseha Asres, the hotel frequently met with shortcomings of infrastructure, "the renovations were the major reason for the hotel being downgraded, among other factors." Other developers in the country also viewed the management contract with Hilton Worldwide, such as Samuel Tafesse's Sunshine Group for its property in Hawassa and Tsemex Hotels & Business PLC of Rezene Ayalew, for a property in Addis Ababa. Currently, Sunshine Group is working to develop Hilton Hawassa after it signed a management deal with Hilton Worldwide two years ago. After signing agreement, Hilton Worldwide requested permission to the Ethiopian government to open brand in Addis Ababa, Hawassa and Bahir Dar, the former was opened in 2020.
Urbanization in Ethiopia

Ethiopia is a mostly agrarian rural country with only its capital, Addis Ababa, having over 1 million people. However the urban population of Ethiopia has expanded dramatically, from 10.8 million in 2002 to 28 million in 2022, a growth of 160%, which has resulted in the urban population as a percentage of the total population growing from 15% to 23% over the same time period. As of at least 2024, it continues to be one of the most rapidly urbanizing countries in the world.
Urbanization by sovereign state

This is a list of countries by urbanization.
There are two measures of the degree of urbanization of a population. The first, urban population, describes the percentage of the total population living in urban areas, as defined by the country.
The second measure, rate of urbanization, describes the projected average rate of change of the size of the urban population over the given period of time.
As of 2022, countries with more than 80% of people living in urban areas include the United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Japan, Australia, the United Kingdom, France, Finland, Denmark, Israel, Spain and South Korea.
193 United Nations member states plus the Vatican are given a number, other entries are italicized and unnumbered.
Үхэр зараа

Үхэр зараа нь махчин амьтдаас биеэ хамгаалах хурц, урт өргөсөөр бүрхэгдсэн арьстай мэрэгч амьтан юм. Тэд капибара, минжний дараа 3-т орох томхон мэрэгч болно. Нийт 27 зүйл бий.
Үхэр зараа 63-91 см урт, 20-25 см сүүлтэй, 5.4-16 кг жинтэй бөөрөнхийдүү том бие, удаан хөдөлгөөнтэй. Бор, саарал, харавтар, цагаан гэх мэт олон янзын зүстэй байна.
Тэд Ази, Африк, Хойд Америк, Өмнөд Америкийн дулаан ба сэрүүн бүсийн нутгаар амьдарна. Үхэр зараа нь ой мод, цөл, өвст тал, хадтай уулын бэл газраар амьдрах ба шөнийн амьдралтай. Заримдаа 3700 м өндөрлөг уул нуруунд таарна.
Баг Мэрэгч
Хойд Америкийн үхэр зараа

Хойд Америкийн үхэр зараа (Erethizon dorsatum) нь мөн Канадын үхэр зараа, Жирийн үхэр зараа гэгдэх ба Шинэ Дэлхийн үхэр зарааны овог юм. Хойд Америкт үхэр зараанаас биеэр том ганцхан мэрэгч байдаг нь минж юм. Энэ үхэр зараа нь Канад, Аляскын шилмүүст болон холимог ой модонд, мөн Мексикийн цөл, тундр, бутлаг ургамалтай газар таарна.
Хойд Америкийн үхэр зараа нь голдуу хар бор, хар өнгөтэй, цагаан сортой байна. Тэд бахим богино бие, жижиг нүүртэй, богино хөл, сүүлтэй. Биеийн урт нь 90 см, 14 кг жинтэй. Нуруун хэсэг нь биеэ хамгаалах зорулалттай хэдэн мянган өргөсөөр бүрхэгдсэн байдаг. Амьтан дайрч довтлоогүй үед өргөс нь биеэ даган налсан байдаг. Дөнгөж төрсөн зулзаганы өргөс нь зөөлөн байх ба хэдхэн цагийн дотор хатуурдаг ажээ.
Үхэр зараа нь шөнийн цагаар идэвхтэй бөгөөд зуны өдрүүдийг үүр нүхэндээ өнгөрөөнө. Зуны улиралд жимс жимсгэнэ, ургамлын үндэс, модны иш, мөчир, иддэг. Өвөл шилмүүс, модны холтосоор хооллоно. Тэд өвөл ичдэггүй ч ихэнх цагийг модны нүхэн дэх үүрэндээ унтаж өнгөрөөх ба ганцаар амьдралтай. Нохой зээх, талын цөөвөр чоно, пума зэрэг махчин амьтад үхэр зарааг барьж иддэг ажээ.
Үхэр болдуу

Аянчнаас Болдуу нэртэй хүүг шуудай будаагаар сольж аваад түүний үр садыг үхэр шиг зөрүүд болохоор нь үхэр Болдуугийн бүлэг гэдэг болсон хэмээх домог бий.
Монгол Улсын Төрийн сүлд

Монгол Улсын Төрийн сүлд нь 1992 онд үндсэн хууль хүчин төгөлдөр болсон цагаас хойш хэрэглэгдэж эхэлсэн Монгол Улсын бэлгэ тэмдэг юм. Сүлдний эх загварыг Урлагийн гавьяат зүтгэлтэн, зураач, яруу найрагч Цэвээндоржийн Ойдов зохиожээ.
Төрийн сүлд нь ариун цагаан өнгийн бадам цэцэг суурьтай, төгсгөлгүй үргэлжлэн дэлгэрэх түмэн насан хээгээр хөвөөлсөн, мөнх тэнгэрийг бэлгэдсэн дугираг хөх дэвсгэртэй байна. Сүлдний төв хэсэгт Монгол улсын тусгаар тогтнол, бүрэн эрхт байдал, цог хийморийг илтгэсэн алтан соёмбо, эрдэнийн хүлгийг хослуулан дүрсэлсэн байна. Сүлдний хүрээний магнайн хэсэгт эрт, эдүгээ, ирээдүй гурван цагийг бэлгэдсэн хүслийг хангагч чандмань эрдэнэ, доод хэсэгт эх газрыг төлөөлсөн ногоон өнгийн уулан хээ, ашид дэвжихийн өлзий хутаг оршсон хүрдийг тус тус дүрсэлнэ. Хүрдийг хадгаар дээдлэн сүлжсэн байна.
Төрийн сүлдийг өнгө ялгах буюу ялгахгүйгээр үйлдэж дүрсэлж болно. Төрийн сүлдийг өнгө ялган дүрслэхэд соёмбо, эрдэнийн хүлэг, түмэн насан хээ, хүрд нь алтан шар, тэнгэр нь хөх, уулан хээ нь тодоос шингэрээж гурваар дагнасан ногоон, бадам цэцэг нь алтан шар өнгийн хүрээтэй цагаан, хадаг нь алтан шар утсаар хүрээлсэн цэнхэр, чандмань эрдэнэ нь ногоон, улаан, хөх өнгийг дөрвөөр дагнаж алтан шар өнгийн зураасаар хүрээлсэн байна. Төрийн сүлдний чандмань эрдэнэ, түмэн насан хээ, бадам цэцэг нь элгэн хүрэн дэвсгэр дээр байрлана.
Төрийн сүлдийг дараах зүйлд хэрэглэн байрлуулна
Түмэнцогт сум

Түмэнцогт нь Сүхбаатар аймгийн сум юм.
Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн 1954 оны 180 дугаар тогтоолоор Дорнод аймгийн Тамсагбулаг гэдэг газарт нарийвтар ноост хонь үржүүлэх Тамсагбулагийн САА-г байгуулсан нь Түмэнцогт сумын үндэс суурь болжээ. 1960 оны нэгдүгээр сард Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн 19 дүгээр тогтоолоор Тамсагбулагийн САА нь Сүхбаатар аймгийн Хан Хөхий уулын өвөрт Хар ямаатын гянт болдын уурхайн суурин дээр шилжин суурьшжээ. 1972 оноос газар тариалангаас гадна нутгийн шилмэл үхэр үржүүлэх болсноор мал аж ахуй, газар тариалан хосолсон аж ахуй болсон байна. 1978 онд ЗХУ-ын хүч хөрөнгөөр сумын төвийг тохижуулж соёлын төв, 110 айлын орон сууц, хүүхдийн цэцэрлэг, сургууль, дотуур байр, эмнэлэг бүхий орчин үеийн тохилог суурин болсон байна.
250 мянган га нутаг дэвсгэртэй. Монгол догор, алтан гагнуур, гүйлс, зэрлэг сармис, гандигар, бамбай, бонго, хайч өвс, бор хус, улиангар, хайлаас, монос, үрэл долоогоно, тэхийн шээг, нохойн хошуу, гүйлс, яшил зэрэг 400 гаруй зүйл ургамлаас 80 орчим эмийн ургамал ургадаг. Инээдэг хад, Арслан хад, Жамбалнавгийн агуй болон төгөл ой зэрэг үзэсгэлэнт байгаль Түмэнцогт, Хар Ямаатын ууланд байдаг. Сумын хойт талаар Хэрлэн гол 20 гаруй км-т урсдаг бөгөөд хурын усаар тэтгэгддэг арваад нуур, 4 булагтай. Дорнод талын махны хэвшлийн улаан үхэр өсгөн үржүүлдэг. Газар тариаланд тохиромжтой 10 мянган га эргэлтийн талбайтай. Тус сумаас улсын аварга 6, улсын гавьяат цолтон 3, улсын аварга хамт олон 4 төрж гарсан байна. Мянганы зам тус сумын нутаг дэвсгэрээр дамжин өнгөрнө.