davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Unity (Russian political party)

Unity (Russian: Еди́нство, romanized: Yedinstvo) was a Russian political party that was created on 3 October 1999, supported by Russia’s President Boris Yeltsin, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin and dozens of Russian governors to counter the threat which the Kremlin perceived from the Fatherland-All Russia alliance. It was also unofficially dubbed "Medved’" (the bear) or "Medvedi" (bears), as "MeDvEd" was an acronym of its full name (Mezhregionalnoye Dvizheniye "Edinstvo"; Interregional movement "Unity"). Later the party adopted a brown bear for its symbol.
The rise of Unity was meteoric given the short time period it had to create an identity, plan its campaign strategy and carry out its ambitious objectives. The establishment of the movement followed a declaration signed by 39 governors expressing their dissatisfaction with the political battles being fought in Russia. The initial meeting of these governors to form a new electoral movement was held on 24 September 1999. It was at this meeting that Minister of Emergency Situations Sergey Shoigu was selected as Unity’s leader.
Prime Minister Putin immediately pledged support for the new bloc, saying it could help stabilize the political situation in Russia. On 24 November 1999 he told reporters that in his capacity as premier, he "should not define his political preferences" with respect to election blocs but "as an ordinary citizen" he would vote for Unity. The party’s leading candidates in 1999 State Duma elections were Sergey Shoigu, nine-times world wrestling champion Alexander Karelin and former senior police official Alexander Gurov. Unity, backed up by popular support for the Second Chechen War, relied on a campaign of verbal attacks to discredit the Fatherland-All Russia alliance. It was also heavily promoted by the ORT TV channel and especially "Sergey Dorenko's Program".
In the 19 December 1999 State Duma election, Unity received 23.32 percent of the vote and won 72 of 441 seats, just behind the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. Later ten more seats joined the faction. Shoigu remained Emergencies Minister and did not go into the new State Duma. On January 12, 2000 the party elected Boris Gryzlov leader of its faction.
The party supported Vladimir Putin in the 2000 presidential election.
In 2001 the same party has created a formal alliance with three other factions represented in the State Duma: Fatherland-All Russia and People's Deputy and Russia's Regions groups, themselves an alliance composed of single-member district deputies who avoided joining one of the party-based factions in that State Duma Convocation. In April of that year the Unity party and the Fatherland - All Russia movement decided to unite into a single political party, United Russia.
Business oligarch

A business oligarch is generally a business magnate who controls sufficient resources to influence national politics. A business leader can be considered an oligarch if some of the following conditions are satisfied:
More generally, an oligarch (from Ancient Greek ὀλίγος (oligos) 'few' and ἄρχειν (archein) 'rule') is a "member of an oligarchy; a person who is part of a small group holding power in a state".
Ekaterina Mizulina

Ekaterina Mikhailovna Mizulina (Russian: Екатери́на Миха́йловна Мизу́лина; born September 1, 1984) is a Russian public figure, executive director of the National Center for Children's Assistance (2017–2020), member of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, head of the Safe Internet League. She is the daughter of Senator Yelena Mizulina.
Ekaterina Mizulina was born in 1984 in Yaroslavl. In 2004, she graduated from the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London with a degree in art history and Indonesian language, and in 2010 from the Institute of Asian and African Countries. Even before this, she began working as a Chinese translator as part of official Russian delegations in China. Since 2015, she has worked in the field of charity (in particular, at the St. Basil the Great Foundation). In 2017, she was appointed director of the Association of Internet Industry Market Participants Safe Internet League, in 2018 executive director of the National Monitoring Center for Assistance to Missing and Victimized Children. Coordinates a program to train volunteers involved in the search for missing children.
In her activities, Mizulina advocates for censorship on the Internet, for fines and other sanctions against media and social networks that do not comply with Russian legislation. Her initiatives on this topic regularly find themselves in the spotlight of the media. According to journalists, Ekaterina Mizulina is not inferior to her mother in fame.
In 2023, she supported the claim of the Russian Ministry of Justice to the Supreme Court demanding that the international public LGBT movement be recognized as extremist, and its activities banned in Russia.
On January 29, 2024, Mizulina was included in the sanctions list of 27 EU countries for human rights violations and serious and systematic violations of freedom of expression.
Nikolai Stankevich

Nikolai Vladimirovich Stankevich (Russian: Никола́й Влади́мирович Станке́вич) (October 9 [O.S. September 27] 1813 – July 7 [O.S. June 25] 1840) was a Russian public figure, philosopher, and poet.
Nikolay Stankevich was born in Uderevka, Voronezh Governorate, and in 1834 graduated from the Moscow State University, where he was influenced by Professor Mikhail Kachenovsky and followers of the so-called "skeptical school" in historiography. His father Vladimir Ivanovich Stankevich (1786-1851) was the leader of the nobility of Ostrogozhsky district in 1837-1841. Her mother was the daughter of the Ostrogozhsky doctor Ekaterina Iosifovna Kramer (1794-1841). By late 1831, Stankevich had organized a literary and philosophical society called the Circle of Stankevich. He had been under police surveillance since 1833 due to his connections with a group of oppositionary university students led by Ya.I. Kostenetsky. In 1837, Nikolay Stankevich had to travel abroad due to his tuberculosis.
Stankevich's literary and esthetical views, most of which mirrored the ideas of a Russian historian Nikolai Nadezhdin, presupposed the humanistic enlightenment as the main task of the Russian intelligentsia. Stankevich is known to have considerably influenced some of the Russian and Muscovite intelligentsia in particular, including Vissarion Belinsky, Timofey Granovsky, Mikhail Bakunin, and Alexander Herzen. Among Stankevich's literary works (mostly poetic and not numerous), there are a few verses dedicated to Moscow and a historical tragedy called Vasili Shuisky.
He died of tuberculosis, aged 26, in Novi Ligure, Italy.
Ilya Ulyanov

Ilya Nikolayevich Ulyanov OSV (Russian: Илья Николаевич Ульянов; 31 July [O.S. 19 July] 1831 – 24 January [O.S. 12 January] 1886) was a Russian public figure in the field of public education. He was the father of revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, who became a Bolshevik leader and founder of the Soviet Union, and Aleksandr Ulyanov, who was executed for his attempt to assassinate Tsar Alexander III in 1886.
Ilya Nikolayevich Ulyanov was born in Astrakhan. His father was Nikolai Vasilyevich Ulyanov (or Ulyanin; 1765–1838), a port-city tailor and a former serf of possible Chuvash, Mordvinian, Russian or Kalmyk descent, who came from Sergachsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Governorate. He received his freedom from a landowner, Stepan Mikhailovich Brekhov. Ilya's mother, Anna Alexeyevna Smirnova (1793–1871), was half-Kalmyk, half-Russian and the daughter of city-dweller Alexei Lukyanovich Smirnov, a son of Lukyan Smirnov. Nikolai married 30-year-old Anna in 1823. Ilya had three sisters and a brother.
Ulyanov graduated from Kazan University's Department of Physics and Mathematics in 1854. In the 1850s and 1860s, he taught mathematics and physics at Penza Institute for the Dvoryane, and later at a gymnasium and a school for women in Nizhny Novgorod. Around that time, he married Maria Alexandrovna Blank. While at Penza, Ulyanov conducted meteorological observations, the basis on which he would write several scientific works.
In 1869, Ulyanov was appointed inspector of public schools in the Simbirsk guberniya (in 1874–1886 he was their director). In 1882, Ulyanov was promoted to the rank of Active State Councillor, which gave him a privilege of hereditary nobility and accompanied by the award of the Order of Saint Vladimir, 3rd Class.
Ulyanov was a well-educated man with excellent organizational and teaching skills. Some Soviet historians believed that his pedagogical views had been formed under the influence of the revolutionary ideas of Nikolai Chernyshevsky and Nikolai Dobrolyubov. Ulyanov contributed immensely to the elaboration of the theory and practice of elementary education. He was an advocate of equal rights for education regardless of gender, nationality and social status. Others, such as Tony Cliff, dispute this image (arguing that this was a posthumous Stalinist attempt to improve the reputation of Lenin's family), saying in his biography of Lenin, 'Nikolaevich's standing in the Ministry of Education, and his steady rise up the hierarchical ladder, somehow do not fit the image of a revolutionary, or even a radical.' In 1871, Ulyanov opened the first Chuvash school in Simbirsk, which would later be transformed into Chuvash teacher's seminar. He also established national schools for Mordvins and Tatars. Furthermore, Ulyanov organized and presided over many teachers' congresses and other similar events.
In 1886, Ulyanov died of a brain hemorrhage while in Simbirsk, which was later renamed Ulyanovsk in honor of his son.
Ages of Man

The Ages of Man are the historical stages of human existence according to Greek mythology and its subsequent Roman interpretation.
Both Hesiod and Ovid offered accounts of the successive ages of humanity, which tend to progress from an original, long-gone age in which humans enjoyed a nearly divine existence to the current age of the writer, in which humans are beset by innumerable pains and evils. In the two accounts that survive from Ancient Greece and Rome, this degradation of the human condition over time is indicated symbolically with metals of successively decreasing value (but increasing hardness).
The Greek poet Hesiod (between 750 and 650 BC) outlined his Five Ages in his poem Works and Days (lines 109–201). His list is:
The Roman poet Ovid (1st century BC – 1st century AD) tells a similar myth of Four Ages in Book 1.89–150 of the Metamorphoses. His account is similar to Hesiod's, with the exception that he omits the Heroic Age. Ovid emphasizes that justice and peace defined the Golden Age. He adds that in this age, men did not yet know the art of navigation and therefore did not explore the larger world. Further, no man had knowledge of any arts but primitive agriculture. In the Silver Age, Jupiter introduces the seasons, and men consequently learn the art of agriculture and architecture. In the Bronze Age, Ovid writes, men were prone to warfare, but not impiety. Finally, in the Iron Age, men demarcate nations with boundaries; they learn the arts of navigation and mining; they are warlike, greedy, and impious. Truth, modesty, and loyalty are nowhere to be found.
These mythological ages are sometimes associated with historical timelines. In the chronology of Saint Jerome, the Golden Age lasts c. 1710 to 1674 BC, the Silver Age 1674 to 1628 BC, the Bronze Age 1628 to 1472 BC, the Heroic Age 1460 to 1103 BC, while Hesiod's Iron Age was considered as still ongoing by Saint Jerome in the fourth century AD.
Modern historical periodisation such as the Three-age system has reappropriated the terms Bronze Age and Iron Age to describe archaeological periods following the Stone Age based on predominant metallurgical practices. Congruently, the term Golden Age is used to describe a civilization during a historical highpoint, for example the Golden Age of India, Islamic Golden Age and the Han and Tang dynasties of China.
Similar concepts include:
Informational interview

An Informational Interview (also known as an informational meeting, coffee chat, or more generically, networking) is a conversation in which a person seeks insights on a career path, an industry, a company and/or general career advice from someone with experience and knowledge in the areas of interest. Informational interviews are often casual and candid conversations where both parties are focused simply on acquiring and sharing knowledge. They can also be formal if the knowledge seeker is a job seeker and the knowledge provider is a potential employer whose goal is not only to provide information to the job seeker, but also to learn about the job seeker and judge their professional potential and corporate fit.
Knowledge seekers use informational interviews to gather information on an industry and on specific companies where they might want to work, explore career paths, uncover job opportunities, and expand their professional network. Knowledge providers use informational interviews to share their knowledge and lend a helping hand, expand their professional network and meet potential employees and business partners.
Informational interviews differ from job interviews because the conversation is not about hiring and not about a specific job. The knowledge seeker asks general questions about an industry, company or career path, and the knowledge provider has an opportunity to learn about the knowledge seeker's character and qualifications outside of a formal job interview process. Thus, informational interviews help overcome a problem in recruiting/job-seeking processes, where each side may be hesitant to talk to the other because they are uncertain about whether they might be wasting their time with an unqualified candidate or unsuitable workplace. Informational interviews provide a "non-threatening forum" for discussion as the two sides learn about each other.
The term was coined by Richard Nelson Bolles, author of the best-selling career handbook What Color Is Your Parachute?.
Sources of informational interviews include a knowledge seeker's friends and family, school alumni, fellow members of a community, social, non-profit or religious organization, former co-workers, partners and clients, professional acquaintances, and even total strangers, including industry leaders. Career advisors, coaches, teachers and recruiters can help connect knowledge seekers to other sources. Professional and social networking platforms are often used by knowledge seekers to identify and reach out to knowledge providers.
When the job seeker initiates the interview, the professional being interviewed is doing a favor by providing information. It is important to be mindful of guidelines of informational interview etiquette, in addition to etiquette for traditional interviews. As for any interview, the potential candidate should learn in advance about the industry, the company and the individual. The time allowed is often short (15-20 minutes).
Glossary of professional wrestling terms

Professional wrestling has accrued a considerable amount of jargon throughout its existence. Much of it stems from the industry's origins in the days of carnivals and circuses. In the past, professional wrestlers used such terms in the presence of fans so as not to reveal the worked nature of the business. Into the 21st century, widespread discussion on the Internet has popularized these terms. Many of the terms refer to the financial aspects of professional wrestling in addition to in-ring terms.
Jailbait images

Jailbait images are sexualized images of minors who are perceived to meet the definition of jailbait. They can be differentiated from child pornography as they do not usually contain nudity. Jailbait depicts tween or young teens in skimpy clothing such as bikinis, short skirts, or underwear.
The online distribution of these images has caused legal and moral controversy, in some cases leading to the censorship of both the images and the word itself as a search term.
The legal status of jailbait images is unclear. When questioned regarding their legality, legal analyst Jeffrey Toobin stated he thought it was not illegal, though legal expert Sunny Hostin was more skeptical, describing them as "borderline" child pornography which may be illegal. While the images may be legal, they are often considered to be in poor taste. Jailbait is amongst the list of banned hashtags at the photo-sharing website Instagram, and the social networking website Tumblr. The term is also blocked on Google Instant. The images have been defended on the grounds of free speech, and have also been defended on the grounds they are similar to mainstream sexualized images of minors, such as those in the music video for "...Baby One More Time" by Britney Spears, who was 16 years old at the time of filming. Jailbait images are often collected directly from girls' social media profiles.
Numerous webpages and forums are devoted to the images. As well as uploading and sharing images, popular discussion topics at jailbait communities include ephebophilia, the difference between ephebophilia and pedophilia, and debating whether images of certain teens are too young or old to be classified as jailbait. Vice magazine commented on the lack of attention the press paid to the role popular jailbait image boards had on the suicide of Amanda Todd. An individual who was alleged to be harassing Todd prior to her suicide was tracked down by posts and images he uploaded to jailbait forums on the Internet. They also describe online jailbait communities as "a very insidious force on the Internet that is pitting overly clever pedophiles against insecure teenagers." They have also been said to "offer a window into a disturbing mindset." Self-identified pedophiles can be found in jailbait communities.
The most infamous online jailbait community was the subreddit section "/r/jailbait" on the website Reddit. It was the first result when searching for "jailbait" on Google, and was at one point the second largest search term that brought visitors to Reddit, topped only by the word "Reddit" itself.
The jailbait subreddit received widespread attention after Anderson Cooper devoted a segment of his TV program on September 29, 2011, to condemning both the subreddit itself and Reddit for hosting it. On October 10, 2011 the subreddit was shut down by Reddit administrators.
Liosta eipeasóidí Family Guy

Is sraith theilifíse Mheiriceánach é Family Guy faoi chlann chraiceáilte atá ina gcónaí i mbaile ficseanúil darb ainm Quahog, Oileán Rhode. Tá 323 eipeasóid de chuid Family Guy tagtha ar an saol faoi láthair.
Thosaigh an 17ú séasúr ar an 30 Meán Fómhair 2018.
Na Náisiúin Aontaithe

Bunaíodh Eagraíocht na Náisiún Aontaithe (nó Na Náisiúin Aontaithe de ghnáth) sa bhliain 1945. Fóram is ea na Náisiúin Aontaithe inar féidir leis na 193 ballstát ceisteanna deacra a ardú agus a phlé, fadhbanna cogaidh agus síochána ina measc. Chomh maith leis an tsíocháin agus an tslándáil a chothú ar domhan, cosnaíonn Eagraíocht na Náisiún Aontaithe cearta an duine, tugann sí cabhair dhaonnúil, cuireann sí an fhorbairt inbhuanaithe chun cinn agus seasann sí leis an dlí idirnáisiúnta.
Sa bhliain 1919, cuireadh Conradh na Náisiún ar bun mar thoradh ar phlean Woodrow Wilson, Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe, tar éis an Chéad Chogadh Domhanda. Ach ar ndóigh, níor éirigh leis an eagraíocht sin cogadh domhanda eile a sheachaint.
Baineadh úsáid as an ainm ‘Na Náisiúin Aontaithe’, a chum Franklin D. Roosevelt, Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe, den chéad uair ar an 1 Eanáir 1942, le linn an Dara Cogadh Domhanda, nuair a gheall ionadaithe ó 26 náisiún go leanfadh a rialtais orthu ag troid le chéile i gcoinne Chumhachtaí na hAise (an Ghearmáin, an Iodáil agus an tSeapáin).
Bhí an saol réabtha ó bhonn tar éis scrios an Dara Chogaidh Dhomhanda. Bhí rún ag na bunaitheoirí nach ligfí dona leithéid de shlad tarlúint arís. D’aithin ceannairí domhanda go raibh gá le heagraíocht dhomhanda a chuideodh leis an tsíocháin a chothú agus lena chinntiú nach dtarlódh cogaí feasta.
Síníodh cáipéis bhunaidh na Náisiún Aontaithe, Cairt na Náisiún Aontaithe, ar an 26 Meitheamh 1945, i San Francisco. Tháinig Cairt na Náisiún Aontaithe i bhfeidhm ar an 24 Deireadh Fómhair 1945. Anois ceiliúrtar Lá na Náisiún Aontaithe ar an 24 Deireadh Fómhair gach bliain.
Tá formhór thíortha an domhain ina mbaill ar an eagraíocht.
Tá a ceanncheathrú suite i Nua-Eabhrac, agus tá 193 ballstát aige. Tá 6 teangacha oifigiúla aige: Béarla, Fraincis, Spáinnis, Araibis, Sínis agus Rúisis.
Íocann baill na Náisiún Aontaithe as gach rud a dhéanann an eagraíocht, de réir scála measúnachtaí a chomhaontaíonn gach tír. Tá an scála sin bunaithe ar chumas íoca tíre, ar a hioncam agus ar dhaonra na dtíortha éagsúla.
Chuaigh Éire isteach sna Náisiúin Aontaithe sa bhliain 1955.
Tá trúpaí de chuid na hÉireann ina gcoimeádaithe síochána ar fud an domhain faoi bhratach na Náisiún Aontaithe le breis agus 50 bliain anois – ó 1958 i leith, in áiteanna deacra dúshlánacha ar nós an Mheánoirthir, an Chongó agus na hAfraice Thiar agus na hAfraice Thuaidh. Is ag Éirinn atá an teist is faide gan bhriseadh ó thaobh coimeádaithe síochána de chuid na Náisiún Aontaithe: tá breis is 70,000 turas dualgais curtha díobh ag fir agus mná de chuid Óglaigh na hÉireann.
D’fhóin Mary Robinson, iar-Uachtarán na hÉireann, mar Ard-Choimisinéir na Náisiún Aontaithe um Chearta an Duine ó 1997 go 2002.
Toghadh Éire chun fónamh ar Chomhairle na Náisiún Aontaithe um Chearta an Duine le linn na tréimhse 2013-2015.
Sa bhliain 2020, bhí suíochán gnóthaithe ag Éirinn ar Chomhairle Slándála na Náisiún Aontaithe ar feadh dhá bhliain (2021-2022).
Mála spíosrach

Is béile mearbhia in Éirinn é Mála spíosrach (Béarla: Spice bag) a bhfuil tóir air i mBaile Átha Cliath agus in áiteanna eile, agus a d'fhás as traidisiúin chócaireachta Áiseacha Déantar é le sceallóga prátaí in éineacht le sicín nó meallóga sicín, piobaraí dearga nó glasa, piobaraí chili, oinniúin is spíosraí. Go minic itear é le hanlann curaí. Bíonn sé le fáil i mbialanna Síneacha is tithe sceallóga prátaí le cúig bliana.
Supermac's

Sreang bialann mearbhia is ea Supermac's in Éirinn. Osclaíodh an chéad bhialann sa bhliain 1978 i bpríomhshráid Bhéal Átha na Sluaighe i gContae na Gaillimhe. Tá breis agus 100 bialann de chuid na sreinge in Éirinn anois,. go háirithe i nGaillimh. Díolann Supermac's mearbhia den chuid is mó: sceallóga, burgair, píotsa, iasc, sicín, uachtar reoite, creatháin bhainne, caoineoga is araile.
Tá ceannoifig Supermac's i bPáirc Ghnó Bhaile an Bhriotaigh i mBaile an Bhriotaigh, Contae na Gaillimhe.
Is é Pat McDonagh, iarmhúinteoir, a bhunaigh an comhlacht agus a bhí mar ardfheidhmeannach uirthi. Bíonn ionaid mearbhia amuigh ar saincheadúnas ag feidhmiú acu,le go leor freisin faoi úinéireacht phríobháideach.
D'fhreastail Supermac's ar 320,000 custaiméir in 2013 ar an meán in aghaidh na seachtaine agus bhí ioncam bliantúil €80 milliún aige agus brabús € 7.4 milliún de réir a thuarascála sa bhliain 2013.
Ar an 5 Meitheamh 2024, bhí glactha ag an Chúirt is airde san Aontas Eorpach le gearán ó Supermac's ina n-aighneas fhada le McDonald's maidir le húsáid an 'Big Mac' mar thrádmharc. Rialaigh Cúirt Bhreithiúnais na hEorpa nach ceadmhach do McDonald's an trádmharc a úsáid i gcás táirgí éineola.
Cluain Aodha

Sráidbhaile agus baile fearainn i gContae na Mí, Éire, is ea Cluain Aodha (Béarla: Clonee). Tá Fine Gall ar an taobh thoir ag bailte fearainn Baile an Huntaigh agus An Bealach Beag.
Is cuid den pharóiste dlí Dhún Búinne an baile fearainn nach bhfuil ach cúpla km ar shiúl síos an bóthar R156. Tá sé suite díreach in aice leis an bpríomhbhóthar N3 ó Bhaile Átha Cliath go dtí Cabhán agus tá sé 4 mhíle siar ó thuaidh den mhótarbhealach M50.
Is sráidbhaile Cluain Aodha thart ar 14 km ó Bhaile Átha Cliath. Tá sé inrochtana ag bealach Bhus Átha Cliath 70 (Baggot St- Dún Búinne) agus 270 (Baile Bhlainséir Shopping Centre-Dún Búinne). Tá sé in aice leis an bruachbhaile d'Ongar. Tá sé freastaltha ag bus 39A, bealach (Belfield / Sráid Bhagóid).
Freastalaíonn Bealaí Bus Éireann109 (chuig/ó Dhún Seachlainn, An Uaimh, Ceanannas, Achadh an Iúir agus an Cabhán) agus Bus Éireann 105 (chuig/ó Ráth Tó, trí Ráschúrsa Tigh na Síóg) freastal freisin Cluain Aodha. Is iad na stadanna bus don bhealach seo, taobh amuigh, agus os coinne Lidl.
Tá nasc iarnróid idir Cluain Aodha agus stáisiún iarnróid Hansfield in Ongar/Barnswell. Is féidir traenacha a ghlacadh chun Cluain Saileach, Cúil Mhín, Chaisleán Cnucha, Baile an Ásaigh agus Dugthailte Bhaile Átha Cliath, trí treo chathair Bhaile Átha Cliath; agus Is féidir traenacha a ghlacadh chun Dún Búinne agus M3 Parkway sa threo eile.
Tá trí theach tábhairne agus dhá ollmhargaí i gCluain Aodha. Is Cluain Aodha baile chun Club Leadóige Dún Búinne, Chluain Aodha Aontaithe, agus an Club “Pic agus Putt”, Mí Ríoga. Tá an club CLG, Erin Go Bragh, lonnaithe ins An Bealach Beag.
Is é an Grúpa Kepak, comhlacht próiseála bia mhór, le láimhdeachas níos mó ná €500 milliún, atá suite i gCluain Aodha. Fostaíonn sé níos mó ná 2000 duine in Éirinn agus sa Ríocht Aontaithe. Bhog sé a cheanncheathrú go Cluain Aodha sa bhliain 1981.
Tá dealbh "Geata chuig Meath" suite ar Sheachród Chluain Aodha N3. Gnéithe sé fear cré-umha 2.7m ard ag geata cré-umha 4m ard, leis an ealaíontóir Ann Meldon Hugh.
Aisling Judge

Is eolaí Éireannach ó gCionn tSáile, Contae Chorcaí í Aisling Judge. Bhuaigh sí an 42ú Taispeántas an Eolaí Óig san RDS ar an 13ú Eanáir 2006 nuair a bhí sí ceithre bliana déag d'aois. Bhí sí an buaiteoir is óige i stair an chomórtais, go dtí gur bhuaigh Emer Jones as Trá Lí i gContae Chiarraí é dhá bhliain ina dhiaidh sin agus í trí bhliain déag d'aois. Bhuaigh Judge an tríú háit sa 18ú 'European Union Contest for Young Scientists.
Ba mhac léinn sa dara bhliain ag Kinsale Community School i gCionn tSáile í Judge nuair a bhuaigh sí an gradam. Ba é an tionscadal a bhí i gceist ná gléas a léiríonn nuair atá bia réamhphacáistithe imithe as dáta. Cuirtear "The development and evaluation of a biological food spoilage indicator" air. Dúirt na breithiúna gur bhain a cuid oibre úsáid as "a highly innovative and creative use of experimental biology" agus go raibh sé "very impressive" agus gur "novel use of technology" é.
B'aoi Judge ar an gclár teilifíse páistí Dustin's Daily News sa bhliain 2007 chun plé a dhéanamh ar an CD a chruthaigh sí chun cabhair a thabhairt le mic léinn eolaíochta athbhreithniú a dhéanamh ar a gcuid scrúduithe. D'éirigh léi an tríú háit a bhuachaint sa 18ú European Union Contest for Young Scientists a bhí ar siúl sa tSualainn.
Bhí Judge mar dhalta sa chéad scoil sa tír a raibh níos mó ná buaiteoir Taispeántas an Eolaí Óig amháin ag freastal air ag an am céanna i 2009 nuair a bhuaigh a gcomh-mhic léinn Liam McCarthy agus John D. O ' Callaghan an gradam céanna ag an am céanna nuair a bhí sí fós ina mac léinn ann. Dúirt McCarthy agus O'Callaghan, go raibh rath Judge mar thionchar acu páirt a glacadh sa chomórtas agus an bua a fháil.
Bhain Judge céim bhaitsiléara amach san innealtóireacht cheimice ag Coláiste Ollscoile Bhaile Átha Cliath agus céim mháistreachta san innealtóireachta bithcheimice ag Coláiste na hOllscoile, Londain.
Maura Laverty

Údar, iriseoir agus craoltóir Éireannach ab ea Maura Laverty (née Kelly ; 1907 - 26 Iúil 1966) a raibh aithne uirthi as a cuid oibre ar an tsraithchlár drámaíochta teilifíse Éireannach, Tolka Row. D’fhoilsigh sí roinnt úrscéalta, gearrscéalta agus píosaí criticiúla le linn a gairme.
Rugadh Maura Laverty i Maura Kelly i Rathangan, Contae Chill Dara ar 15 Bealtaine 1907. Cuireadh oideachas uirthi ag Clochar Brigidine i gCeatharlach. Bhí rún aici oiliúint a fháil le bheith ina múinteoir, ach thréig sí na pleananna seo tar éis bhás a seanmháthar. Bhog sí go dtí an Spáinn ina dhiaidh sin i mí na Samhna 1924, ag glacadh post an rialtóra agus ina rúnaí don Bhanphrionsa Bibesco ina dhiaidh sin agus ina comhfhreagraí eachtrach lonnaithe i Maidrid sa deireadh. Nuair a d’fhill sí ar ais go hÉirinn, d’oibrigh sí mar iriseoir agus mar chraoltóir i mBaile Átha Cliath don stáisiún raidió náisiúnta, Radio Éireann.
Nuair a d’fhill sí go hÉirinn phós sí an t-iriseoir James Laverty i 1928. Bhí triúr clainne acu, duine acu a hiníon, an t-ealaíontóir Barry Castle, a léirigh cuid d’obair a máthar.
Cuirtear a cuid páipéar i dtaisce i Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÉireann.
Foilsíodh beathaisnéis, The Maura Laverty Story, le Seamus Kelly, in 2017.
Dráma bunaithe ar a saol, Maura Laverty - This Was Your Life, le Bairbre Ní Chaoimh agus Yvonne Quinn den chéad uair i mBaile Átha Cliath i 2019.
Deilí

Is é Deilí (Delhi i mBéarla) an dara cathair is mó san India ó thaobh an daonra de. Tá breis is 12 milliún duine ina gcónaí ann, agus tá tuairim is 22 milliún sa cheantar uirbeach a bhaineann leis.
Tá an chathair site cois Yamuna.
Téann stair fhada Deilí siar go dtí an 6ú céad roimh Chríost ar a laghad.
Truailliú aeir i nDeilí na hIndia

Tá Deilí na hIndia ar cheann de na háiteanna is measa ar domhan ó thaobh truaillithe aeir de. Is é an trácht is cúis le go leor den truailliú aeir, ach tá an-tionchar ag an talmhaíocht ar leibhéil truaillithe chomh maith.
Éiríonn na fadhbanna níos measa sa gheimhreadh gach aon uile bhliain. Ach sa bhliain 2021, bhí an toitcheo níos airde ná a bhí riamh. Mar gheall ar an dainséar, dúnadh scoileanna, oifigí agus monarchana. Bhí ar a lán daoine obair ón mbaile fiú.
Michael Bennet

Is é Michael Bennet (28 Samhain, 1964 ar rugadh é) seanadóir Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá sinsearach ó Colorado. Is ball den Pháirtí Daonlathach é. Rugadh i nDeilí Nua na hIndia é nuair a bhí a athair ina thaidhleoir Meiriceánach sa tír úd.
List of hot dogs

A hot dog is a type of cooked sausage, traditionally grilled or steamed and served in a partially sliced bun. This type of sausage was culturally imported from Germany and popularized in the United States, where it became a working-class street food sold at hot dog stands and carts. It is also sold at fast-food restaurants and convenience stores, as well as being available for home preparation after being purchased at grocery stores. The hot dog became closely associated with baseball and American culture.
Chicken fillet roll

A chicken fillet roll, also known as a hot chicken roll or chicken roll (Irish: rollóg sicín), is a baguette filled with a fillet of processed chicken. It is a ubiquitous deli item in Ireland, served at a wide variety of convenience shops, newsagents, supermarkets, petrol stations, fast food restaurants, and casual eateries throughout the country. It has been declared Ireland's favourite deli food. It is often cited as a hangover cure.
While the exact origins of the hot chicken fillet roll are debated, it is widely believed that the dish rose to prominence in the mid-2000s at a Centra store in Clondalkin, a suburb in West Dublin, Ireland. Staff at the Clondalkin branch are credited with popularising the now-iconic combination of hot breaded chicken, crusty rolls, and customizable toppings, catering to local lunchtime crowds seeking quick and hearty meals.
The concept rapidly gained popularity and spread through Centra and Spar delis across the country, becoming a lunchtime staple for students, workers, and late-night revellers alike.
In addition to chicken, the roll may contain butter, mayonnaise, other condiments, lettuce, onion, cheese, stuffing, or potato wedges. Taco sauce is a popular sauce for people to get on a chicken fillet roll; it is a mayonnaise-based sauce, which typically consists of ketchup, mayonnaise, mustard, and seasonings. Delis often offer a choice of chicken fillet breading, such as plain, spicy, or Southern-fried. Vegan chicken fillet rolls have also been available since 2021, using a plant-based meat substitute for the chicken.
Deli 613

Deli 613 is a kosher deli in Rathmines, Dublin, Ireland. It is located in the Chabad house building of the Chabad-Lubavitch of Ireland, which operates the deli. Opened in 2023, it is believed to be the first kosher eatery in Ireland since the 1960s.
The small Jewish community in Ireland traditionally relied on suppliers in the United Kingdom for kosher products. Following the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union, there was a shortage of kosher food in Ireland due to additional regulatory requirements and checks.
The owners, Rivka and Zalman Lent, emissaries of the Chabad Lubavitch movement in Dublin, envisioned the deli as a partial solution to the kosher food shortage in Ireland. The 613 in the deli's name references the 613 mitzvot (commandments) in the Torah.
The deli opened in a former 19th-century schoolhouse attached to the Chabad house in the southern part of Dublin in March 2023. Upon its opening, Deli 613 was believed to be the first fully kosher eatery in Ireland since the late 1960s.
The kosher food is mainly sourced from the EU. Previously, the Lents shipped their kosher food supply from the UK. The deli imports its bagels frozen from New York due to a lack of kosher bagel wholesalers in Europe. Deli 613's chef Robbie Burns is not Jewish, but has experience in the Irish food market.
Deli 613 serves a mix of local and Jewish cuisine. Made-to-order items include Ashekenazi foods such as Salt beef, chopped liver and herring alongside Israeli foods such as hummus, falafel and tahini.
According to the owners, the majority of Deli 613's clientele is non-Jewish. After its opening, a number of celebrities visited the establishment. In July 2023, Leo Varadkar, Ireland's Taoiseach, went to Deli 613 for traditional Jewish foods like latkes, matzah ball soup, and a salt beef sandwich. Former Scottish football player Graeme Souness, actor Colm Meaney, and celebrity chef Donal Skehan have also visited.
The Irish Times awarded the restaurant four-and-a-half stars, describing it as a "great addition to the neighbourhood".
53°19′09″N 06°15′53″W﻿ / ﻿53.31917°N 6.26472°W﻿ / 53.31917; -6.26472
Shopsy's

Shopsy's is a Jewish delicatessen restaurant chain in the Greater Toronto Area and a brand name owned by Maple Leaf Foods for a line of meat products. Originally a deli in the former Toronto Jewish area on Spadina Avenue from 1921 to 1983, it moved to Toronto's entertainment and business districts on Yonge and Front Streets in 1983. In the late 1940s, the business expanded into the production of deli meat products for both the home and business markets. Today, the main Deli is located at Toronto's Sheraton Centre and Maple Leaf Foods continue to sell Shopsy's branded hot dogs.
In 1921, the husband-and-wife team of Harry and Jenny Shopsowitz opened an 18-seat ice cream parlour at 295 Spadina Avenue at Dundas Street West in Toronto. It became Shopsowitz Delicatessen and by the mid-1940s was selling products under the Shopsy's brand name.
Harry died in October 1945 and the business was passed along to his sons, Sam and Izzy Shopsowitz. They led its growth into a Toronto institution, renaming the business Shopsy's. Future Toronto Maple Leafs owner Harold Ballard is said to have been the person who encouraged Sam to open a meat-processing plant. By 1947, Sam was being billed as "the corned beef king" in advertisements.
Izzy sold his share of the business to Sam in 1969. Then, Lever Brothers (part of Unilever) bought the company in 1971 and Sam remained president of the company until 1977. Sam suffered a stroke while visiting New York City in 1982 that he never really recovered from. He died in Toronto on September 13, 1984 at age 65. Izzy had rejoined the business after the sale to Unilever. He died on April 22, 1994 at age 71 after having a heart attack while greeting customers in the Shopsy's restaurant on Yonge Street.
After 62 years on Spadina, the restaurant moved to Yonge Street at Front Street in late March 1983. The Front Street location has been described as a "landmark for more than 25 years." In 2008, the lease at Yonge and Front was not renewed by the landlord and Shopsy's closed. It moved to the Sheraton Centre on Queen Street West, where it is located to this day. Previous locations also include Markham, Ontario, Toronto Island, and a Shopsy's Express Kiosk at the Rogers Centre.
In 1992, Unilever sold the manufacturing division to Maple Leaf Foods. The restaurant business—Shopsy's Hospitality Incorporated—was managed by A&W for a period in the 1990s, and then bought in 1996 by a group headed by Lewis Allen. He was CEO until leaving in 2003. In 2004, Shopsy's Hospitality was owned by Dynamic Funds.
In 2006, Irish Embassy Hospitality Group bought Shopsy's restaurant. Shopsy's Deli corporate offices are located at 51 Yonge Street (and Wellington Street East), just north of Irish Embassy Pub & Grill.
Previous locations:
43°39′04″N 79°23′04″W﻿ / ﻿43.65114°N 79.38438°W﻿ / 43.65114; -79.38438
Battered sausage

Battered sausages are a type of sausage found all across Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand.
The battered sausage is a standard menu item in fish and chip shops across the United Kingdom and Ireland, often described as an "essential" staple of the fish and chip shop menu. They are made up of a pork sausage dipped in batter (usually the same batter used to batter fish), and usually served with chips. A meal of battered sausage and chips is usually known as a 'battered sausage supper' in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
In Australia, it may be referred to as a "battered sav" (saveloy is a type of sausage). This may also have given rise to the local expression "fair suck of the sav". In New Zealand, they can be found either with or without a stick inserted (similar to a corn dog). In Australia if served with the stick, it is referred to as a "pluto pup" or "dagwood dog" and usually dipped in a generous amount of tomato sauce.
Fried fish

Fried fish is any fish or shellfish that has been prepared by frying. Often, the fish is covered in batter, egg and breadcrumbs, flour, or herbs and spices before being fried and served, often with a slice of lemon.
Fish is fried in many parts of the world, and fried fish is an important food in many cuisines. For many cultures, fried fish is historically derived from pescado frito, and the traditional fish and chips dish of England which it may have inspired. The latter remains a staple take-out dish of the UK and its former and present colonies. Fried fishcakes made of cod (and other white fish, such as haddock, halibut or whiting) are widely available in the frozen food sections of U.S. grocery stores. Long John Silver's, Skippers, Captain D's, and Arthur Treacher's are well-known North American chain restaurants that serve fried fish as their main food offering. Catfish are also a prevalent farm-raised type of fish that is often served fried throughout the world. A classic fried fish recipe from France is sole meunière.
Community fish fries are popular in the southern region of the United States. These social gatherings may center around a church, a civic organization or serve as a fundraiser for a club, volunteer fire department, a school or other organization. In the U.S., especially the Upper Midwest, the New England states, and the Mid-Atlantic states, community fish fries are somewhat popular, sometimes held in church basements or lots in observation of Lent. A fish fry is generally informal. A "shore lunch" is a tradition in the northern U.S. and Canada, where outdoor enthusiasts cook their catch on the shores of the ocean, or lake where the fish was caught.
Fried fish is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The American Food and Drug Administration and British National Health Service have suggested that broiled or steamed fish is a healthier option than frying.
Frying fish results in higher losses of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) compared to other cooking methods.
Breakfast sandwich

A breakfast sandwich is any sandwich filled with foods associated with breakfast. Breakfast sandwiches are served at fast food restaurants and delicatessens, sold in supermarkets, and commonly made at home. Different types of breakfast sandwich include the bacon sandwich, the egg sandwich, the sausage sandwich, and various combinations like the bacon, egg and cheese sandwich. The breakfast sandwich is related to the breakfast roll.
Breakfast sandwiches are typically made using breakfast meats (generally cured meats such as sausages, patty sausages, bacon, country ham, scrapple, Spam, and pork roll), breads, eggs and cheese. These sandwiches were typically regional specialties until fast food restaurants began serving breakfast. Because the common types of bread, such as biscuits, bagels, and English muffin, were similar in size to fast food hamburger buns, they made an obvious choice for fast food restaurants. Unlike other breakfast items, they were perfect for the innovation of the drive-through. These sandwiches have also become a staple of many convenience stores.
Although the ingredients for the breakfast sandwich have been common elements of breakfast meals in the English-speaking world for centuries, it was not until the 19th century in the United States that people began regularly eating eggs, cheese, and meat in a sandwich. Bacon, egg and cheese sandwiches became increasingly popular after the American Civil War, and were a favorite food of pioneers during American westward expansion.
There are several types of bread used to make breakfast sandwiches:
Egg salad

Egg salad is a dish consisting of chopped hard-boiled or scrambled eggs, mustard, and mayonnaise, and vegetables often including other ingredients such as celery.
It is made mixed with seasonings in the form of herbs, spices and other ingredients, bound with mayonnaise. It is similar to chicken salad, ham salad, macaroni salad, tuna salad, lobster salad, and crab salad. A typical egg salad is made of chopped hard-boiled eggs, mayonnaise, mustard, minced celery and onion, salt, black pepper and paprika. A common use is as a filling for egg sandwiches. It is also often used as a topping for a green salad.
One of the earliest known printed recipes for egg salad sandwiches was published in the 1896 edition of The Boston Cooking-School Cook Book written by Fannie Farmer.
Egg salad can be made creatively with any number of other cold foods added. Bacon, bell pepper, capers, cheese, cucumber, onions, lettuce, pickle relish, pickles, and ketchup are common additional ingredients.
In Jewish cuisine it is made with schmaltz, onions and sometimes gribenes. It can be served with challah as part of the first course of Shabbat dinner, or with matzo. Until the 1980s this dish was also called "Jewish eggs".
3-in-1 (fast food dish)

A 3-in-1, trio or three-in-one, is a fast-food dish consisting of chips, boiled rice (or egg fried rice), and curry sauce served in a single foil tray or plastic container. It became popular in Ireland as a dish from chip shops and Chinese restaurants in the early twenty-first century. It developed a cult-following in the 2010s, and media-outlets debated the merits of it compared to a spice bag which became popular around the same time.
Related dishes (four-, five-in one) contain additional ingredients such as chicken balls, or chicken or beef pieces.
Abrakebabra

Abrakebabra /ˈæbrəkəˈbæbrə/ is an Irish fast-food restaurant chain established in Dublin, Ireland in 1982.
When the first Abrakebabra restaurant was opened in Rathmines in Dublin it attracted huge attention catering to late-night crowds with a fresh menu that included introducing the doner kebab to the Irish market.
As of 2025, there are 24 Abrakebabra restaurants in total, 13 of which are in Dublin.
The Abrakebabra Gold Card (AKA Doner Card) allows the recipient free food for life. It is sent unexpectedly, when a public figure expresses their interest or relationship with the brand. Singer Cheryl Cole received a gold card after telling a radio station that Abrakebabra's kebabs were the best. Actor Colin Farrell stated in an interview that he and Irish musician Bono also have gold cards.
Farrell stated in a Jimmy Kimmel interview that he was upgraded to a black card with the serial number 001.
Fast Food Song

"Fast Food Song" is a song made famous by British-based band Fast Food Rockers, although it existed long before they recorded it, as a popular children's playground song. The chorus is based on the Moroccan folk tune "A Ram Sam Sam" and mentions fast food restaurant chains McDonald's, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Pizza Hut.
The song was released on 16 June 2003 as the lead single from their album It's Never Easy Being Cheesy. The song was highly successful in the United Kingdom, reaching number two on the UK Singles Chart and number one on the Scottish Singles Chart. The song also achieved minor chart success worldwide and reached number 24 on the Irish Charts and number 56 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart. The song was co-written and produced by Mike Stock.
The original version of this song was written and recorded in Dutch by Eric Dikeb, called "Pizza-ha-ha", even though it is better known as "De Pizza Hut". "Fast Food Song" is only one of the many adaptations of the Dutch original. Other versions include "De pizza dans" by Dynamite, which was a number-one hit in Belgium's Flanders region, and "Burger Dance" by DJ Ötzi and Dikeb, which reached number one in Germany.
All tracks were written by Mike Stock, Steve Crosby, Sandy Rass, Eric Dikeb, Martin Neumayer, and Bob Patmore.
UK CD single and Dutch maxi-CD single
UK cassette single
A version recorded by Austrian singer DJ Ötzi featuring Eric Dikeb was released in July 2003 titled "Burger Dance". It reached number one in Germany, number three in Austria, and number seven in Switzerland.
The song is based on the original Dutch "Pizza ha-ha", including the parts that invite audience participation. It therefore also uses samples of "A Ram Sam Sam" and some sections of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" particularly "Glory Glory Hallelujah".
German maxi-CD single
Pat McDonagh (businessman)

Patrick McDonagh (born 1952 or 1953) is the founder and owner of Supermac's, an Irish fast food franchiser. Originally working as a school teacher, he later became a multi-millionaire.
McDonagh is a native of County Galway, where he lives with his wife Una. He was educated at Carmelite College, Moate, County Westmeath, and Mary Immaculate College, Limerick. Trained as a teacher, he worked for a time as a teacher (and later principal) in a national school near Loughrea, County Galway.
He earned the nickname "Supermac" whilst playing Gaelic football for the Carmelite College in Moate. This then became the choice of name for his business, "Supermac's". McDonagh has an interest in sport, and his company has sponsored several sports teams, including sponsoring Galway's football and hurling teams for several decades.
McDonagh founded Supermac's in Ballinasloe, County Galway, Ireland in 1978 after failing to get planning permission to build a pool hall. He expanded the franchise to over 100 stores across Ireland.
He also owns other business ventures in the food and hospitality industry. Among these are the Claddagh Irish Pubs, an Irish pub-themed chain in the United States, founded in 2001. In 2006 McDonagh bought the franchise rights for Papa John's Pizza in Ireland. As of 2019, there were over 63 Papa John's Pizza outlets throughout the country. In 2014, he established SuperSubs salad and sandwich bars which operate from some Supermac's outlets.
McDonagh's other ventures include travel plazas across Ireland including the Barack Obama Plaza off the M7 at Moneygall, Tipperary Town Plaza (Limerick Road), Mallow N20 Plaza (Limerick Road), Ballyhea (Limerick Road), the Galway Plaza Junction 16 on the M6 and the Charlestown Service Station in County Mayo. He also owns the Killeshin Hotel, Portlaoise and the Charleville Park Hotel, Cork which he purchased after the development of the Loughrea Hotel & Spa, Galway and the Castletroy Park Hotel, Limerick which were bought in 2014 and 2012 respectively. In 2018 he purchased the Athlone Springs hotel.