davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Igicuma

Igicuma ni igikoresho cya kera mu kinyrwanda ndetse cyerekana uko abanyarwanda bajyaga basangira bakagakoresha, haba umutobe cyangwa urwagwa cyangwa ikigage . agacuma baragahinga ka kera maze bakagasarura bakagatunganya ubundi bagatangira kugakoresha mu bikoresho bisazwe, bakogeshe amazi yonyine .
Igucuma kugirango ubashe kuba wannya ikigage, umutobe cyangwa urwagwa rurimo bisabako ugomba gukoresha umuheha mutoya wabugenewe .
Amatera

Amatera cyangwa se umutera biterwa n'ahantu ahariho, ni ibivuzo bogeyemo amazi bagashingamo imiheha bakannya.
Amatera cyangwa se nanone umutera ni ukuvuga igihe ikigage cy'iba cyashize mu kibindi cyangwa se agacuma maze haba hamaze gusigara imbetezi gusa , icyi gihe ushyiramo amazi, maze ukavanga ubundi ugashyiramo amazi ukagotomera .
Demographics of Rwanda

Demographic features of the population of Rwanda include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.
Rwanda's population density is among the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa at 500 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,300/sq mi). This country has few villages, and nearly every family lives in a self-contained compound on a hillside. The urban concentrations are grouped around administrative centers.
Over half of the adult population is literate, but no more than 5% have received secondary education.
In 1950, Rwanda had a very narrow population pyramid, with less than 250,000 males and females between 0–10 years old. The graph only gets narrower as it goes up with virtually no-one living past 50 years of age. In 2017, the population of Rwanda increased dramatically from 1950 with about 750,000 people between 0–20 years old; the graph remains very narrow in the older ages section but has improved from 1950. By 2050, it is predicted that more people will be living longer and the structure will broaden overall. By 2100, it is predicted that there will be more people aged between 30 and 60 than between 0–20, as previous years have shown.
According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 13,461,888 in 2021, compared to only 2,072,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 42.6%, 54.7% were between 15 and 65 years of age, and 2.7% was 65 years or older .
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2012) (Data refer to national projections.):
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2019) (Projections based on the 2012 Population Census.):
Registration of vital events is in Rwanda not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates:
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):
Fertility data as of 2014–15 (DHS Program):
Source: UN
The Rwandan population largely consists of three ethnic groups. The Hutus, who comprise the majority of the population (85%), are farmers of Bantu origin. The Tutsis (14% before the Genocide, probably less than 10% now) are a pastoral people who arrived in the area in the 15th century. Until 1959, they formed the dominant caste under a feudal system based on cattle-holding.
The Twa (pygmies) (1%) are thought to be the remnants of the earliest settlers of the region.
Protestant 57.7% (includes Adventist 12.6%), Roman Catholic 38.2%, Muslim 2.1%, other 1% (includes traditional, Jehovah's Witness), none 1.1% (2019-20 est.)
Crystal (cerveja)

A cerveja Crystal é um cerveja brasileira. Começou a sua história em 1999, na cidade de Boituva, interior do estado de São Paulo.
Desde seu lançamento, houve vários projetos de reestruturação da marca,além de ser a primeira marca de cerveja selada do Brasil. Em 2006 a cervejaria Crystal, lança a cerveja sem álcool e o latão de 473ml.
A marca Crystal, lançou também a marca Crystal Fusion, que é uma cerveja saborizada, que pode ser encontrada com sabor guaraná, limão e maracujá.
A Cervejaria Petrópolis decidiu, em fevereiro de 2012, encerrar a fabricação da Crystal Fusion.
Cerveja Crystal Pilsen a cerveja dos encontros é uma cerveja de primeira linha, leve e de qualidade que apresenta expressivas vendas nas regiões do interior de São Paulo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Manaus entre outras regiões do Brasil.
Camarote

O camarote é a estrutura evidenciada em um espetáculo musical, teatral ou danceteria, onde é acolhido um público em geral pequeno e VIP, com instalações mais confortáveis em relação às áreas destinadas ao restante da plateia. Em geral os ocupantes dos camarotes são pessoas que fazem a opção por ingresso de maior valor, específico para o camarote, ou autoridades, amigos dos artistas e pessoas consideradas mais importantes pela organização do evento.
Camarotes podem ser ocupados por grupos com determinadas afinidades, como um grupo de amigos ou familiares, ou por um grande conjunto de pessoas sem nenhuma relação mas que igualmente optaram por ingressos de camarote. Muitas pessoas preferem pagar mais caro para aproveitar um evento em um camarote devido ao grande índice de violência em ambiente popular.
O conceito originou-se no teatro, onde designava, e até hoje designa, os compartimentos acima da plateia, sendo um espaço separado da pista e assim percebido como especial e exclusivo.
Com o passar do tempo, camarotes passaram a ser utilizados nas mais diferentes manifestações artísticas de massa, bem como em boates e afins. A questão da exclusividade também foi ressignificada, uma vez que na década de 2010, o tamanho somado de camarotes e outros tipos de áreas VIPs já chegava a metade da área física, ou mais comumente a uma proporção de 40% para áreas vips contra 60% do restante. Os principais motivos para a compra de um camarote seriam conforto, melhor atendimento, mas principalmente status. Em alguns estabelecimentos, surgiu o conceito de lounge, espaços onde a diferenciação entre pista e camarote não era muito clara.
No Carnaval do Rio de Janeiro, camarotes são frequentemente objeto de cobertura da mídia, por possuírem espaços dedicados a personalidades da televisão ou da música, sendo alugados por empresas que os utilizam como objeto de publicidade. Alguns famosos chegam a ser contratados para atuarem nos camarotes, assistindo ao evento principal, fazendo pequenas apresentações menores exclusivas e interagindo com o público restrito daqueles espaços.
No Brasil, a proliferação dos camarotes em espaços populares gerou discussões de cunho sociológico e passou a ser vista de forma crítica. Em São Paulo, Alexander de Almeida ganhou fama e o apelido de "Rei do Camarote" após um vídeo seu viralizar nas redes sociais, sobre suas diversas ostentações em camarotes de casas noturnas.
The Town Festival

The Town é um festival de música idealizado pelo empresário brasileiro Roberto Medina – mesmo criador do Rock in Rio – pela primeira vez em 2023. É reconhecido como um dos maiores festivais musicais do Brasil. O festival é localizado no Autódromo de Interlagos em São Paulo, mesmo local onde é realizado o Lollapalooza e Primavera Sound.
Com a criação do The Town, foi anunciado que o Rock in Rio X que ocorreria em 2023 no Parque Olímpico do Rio de Janeiro seria adiada para 2024, e que agora, as edições do Rock in Rio acontecerão em anos pares junto com o Rock in Rio Lisboa, pois nos anos ímpares acontecerão as edições do The Town em São Paulo, evitando assim que os dois festivais brasileiros ocorressem no mesmo ano.
A primeira edição do The Town, realizada no Autódromo de Interlagos em São Paulo, entre os dias 2 e 10 de setembro de 2023 e atraiu meio milhão de pessoas ao longo dos cinco dias de festival. Com ingressos esgotados e mais de 235 horas de música, o festival apresentou uma variedade de performances de artistas nacionais e internacionais, incluindo o headliner Bruno Mars, que realizou duas apresentações com lotação esgotada.
A infraestrutura do evento foi marcada por colaborações entre empresas de transporte e órgãos públicos, que facilitaram o acesso ao local. A cenografia buscou incorporar elementos da cultura e arquitetura paulistana, com palcos como São Paulo Square e Factory, até as regiões mais cosmopolitas, ilustradas pelos prédios do palco Skyline.
Em termos econômicos, o festival movimentou R$ 1,9 bilhão e gerou mais de 23 mil empregos diretos e indiretos. O evento também promoveu iniciativas sustentáveis, como uma operação de copos reutilizáveis e parcerias com empresas voltadas para reciclagem e reflorestamento.
Diversas marcas, como Heineken, Vivo e iFood, realizaram campanhas ao longo do evento, enquanto a loja oficial do festival vendeu mais de 100 mil itens, com 93% dos produtos esgotados.
No palco, além da música eletrônica representada pelo palco New Dance Order, o festival apresentou uma programação diversificada que incluiu jazz, R&B e música urbana. Artistas brasileiros como Luísa Sonza, Pabllo Vittar, Iza e Gloria Groove se apresentaram nos palcos principais. O evento também contou com shows de Demi Lovato, Foo Fighters, Post Malone, Iggy Azalea, Bebe Rexha, Maroon 5, Kim Petras, Marina Sena, Jão, Grag Queen, entre outros. Bruno Mars foi o headliner de maior destaque, encerrando a edição inaugural do festival, cuja próxima edição está prevista para 2025.
Após o fim da primeira edição em 2023, a segunda edição do festival foi confirmada para setembro de 2025. O festival ocorrerá entre os dias 6 e 14 de setembro de 2025.
Brahma beer

Brahma is a Brazilian beer, originally made by the Companhia Cervejaria Brahma, which was founded in 1888. In 1914, Brahma produced their national Malzbier. After that, the company began expanding internationally. The company bought the license for distribution of the Germania brand, which later was known as Guanabara, and was one of the earliest of the Brazilian beer brands.
In 1934, Brahma introduced the new bottled draft Brahma Chopp, and it became a Brazilian bestseller. In 1989, Jorge Paulo Lemann, Carlos Alberto Sicupira and Marcel Telles bought Companhia Cervejaria Brahma for $50 million.
An interfaith coalition is pressing the world's largest brewer to remove the name of the Hindu god Brahma from its name. Brahma is a beer produced primarily for the Brazilian domestic market. Controversially, Brahma is now brewed in the Czech Republic.
Kaiser (beer)

Kaiser is a Brazilian beer brand launched in Divinópolis (Minas Gerais) on 22 April 1982 by Luiz Otávio Possas Gonçalves.
Its marketing campaigns became known in the 90's through actor José Valien, the Baixinho da Kaiser (Kaiser Shorty).
Since 2010 the brand has been owned by Heineken Brasil.
Luiz Otávio Possasas Gonçalves was the owner of the Coca-Cola franchise in Minas Gerais. In the early 1980s the company was threatened with bankruptcy because Brahma and Antarctica promoted the combined sale of their soft drinks along with their beers to the points of sale. Possas decided that with one beer, he could fight both brands on equal terms. He took a master brewer course in Munich and opened Kaiser in 1982. Within four months Coca-Cola managed to raise its market share from 15 to 48 percent, and soon the company's other bottlers in the country wanted Kaiser as well.
Xingu (beer)

Xingu is a Brazilian beer brand. It was created by Amazon, Inc., a Brattleboro, Vermont based beer import company, founded by Anne Latchis and four women friends in June 1986. Anne's husband, beer historian Alan D. Eames was the guiding consultant on the project and artist Eric Green was contracted with to design the original diamond-shaped map label. The concept of the brand was inspired by the history of women brewing a "beer-like" fermented beverage from manioc root in the Amazon region of Brazil. The black lager style, or schwarzbier, was chosen to resurrect a nearly extinct style of beer in the US market. The brand was named for the Xingu River, a tributary of the Amazon River, to raise awareness of the need for conservation to protect the rainforest environment and home to the surviving members of the Kayapo native tribes. The original Xingu Black Beer label, created as a painting by Eric Green, depicts a map of the Xingu River region, anaconda snakes, a caiman, and a Kayapo native with lip disc.
Amazon, Inc. of Vermont owned the Xingu Beer brand name and trademark, and Amazon, Inc. President Anne Latchis imported and marketed the brand from 1986 through 2001 selling in 35 states. Brazilian entrepreneur Cesario Mello Franco managed the Brazilian production and shipping of Xingu Black Beer, first contracting the brewing and bottling operation with Cervejaria Caçador in Santa Catarina, Brazil, in 1987. The first shipment arrived in the US in February 1988 and Xingu Black Beer was first introduced by Eames to the U.S. at the Culinary Institute of America in Hyde Park, NY in 1988.
In 2001, Amazon, Inc. sold the trademark to its Brazilian supplier Cervejas Premium do Brasil, Ltda.
The original Xingu Beer, created in 1986, was an opaque black lager beer with a 6.7% abv. In 2013, the Xingu brand became a line of beers with the introduction of Xingu Gold.
Cervejas Premium do Brasil, Ltda has been selling the Xingu brand line of beers in over 20 countries. Originally known for its Xingu Black Beer, the brand has expanded to include Xingu Gold, Xingu Weiss, and a Zoigl style, Xingu Red. More styles of the Xingu brand are in development in 2023.
Xingu Black was re-launched in Brazil in 2022, winning a Gold Medal at The Festival Paulista de Cervejas.
Xingu is a beer recognized worldwide and has been awarded top ratings for its quality in the USA, Brazil and Europe.
San Miguel Beer

San Miguel Beer refers to San Miguel Pale Pilsen, a Filipino pale lager and flagship beer of the San Miguel Brewery. The original San Miguel Brewery, Inc. was founded in San Miguel, Manila, as La Fábrica de Cerveza San Miguel in 1890 by Enrique María Barreto under a Spanish Royal Charter that officially permitted the brewing of beer in the Philippines. Barretto was soon joined by Pedro Pablo Roxas as managing partner, who brought with him a German brewmaster, Ludwig Kiene, as technical director. San Miguel Brewery was renamed San Miguel Corporation in 1964; the brewery was spun off in 2007 and became a subsidiary of San Miguel Food and Beverage.
San Miguel Pilsen is the largest selling beer in the Philippines and Hong Kong. It is known in Chinese-speaking markets as 生力啤酒. San Miguel Beer was introduced in Spain by San Miguel Brewery in 1946. The Spanish rights were spun-off in 1953 by San Miguel Brewery and became an independent entity presently known as the Mahou-San Miguel Group.
As part of its overseas expansion, San Miguel Brewery moved into the Spanish market in 1953, setting up the company which would later become San Miguel Spain. Since 1946, there has been a company engaged in the production of malt for medicinal purposes known as La Segarra. In the early 1950s, its key shareholders Enrique Suárez Rezona, Ramón Vidal and Jaime Muñiz made contact with Andrés Soriano, then president of San Miguel Brewery, to allow their group to produce beer under the San Miguel name in Spain. In 1953, San Miguel Brewery, Inc. signed the "Manila Agreement" to establish a new brewery, La Segarra, S.A., in Spain. The company would later be renamed San Miguel Fabricas de Cerveza y Malta, S.A. in 1957, as an affiliate of San Miguel Brewery, Inc. which initially held 20% equity share via its Hong Kong subsidiary. In February 2014, San Miguel Corporation and Mahou-San Miguel signed a co-operation agreement to promote jointly San Miguel Beer and expand its global footprint.
The San Miguel escudo (seal) used as the brand logo of all San Miguel branded beer products is based on the original Spanish-era coat of arms of Manila. It is also the corporate logo of San Miguel Corporation and the San Miguel Brewery companies.
The San Miguel Beermen are a professional basketball team in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). The franchise is owned by the San Miguel Corporation (SMC) since 1975. It is one of three PBA ball clubs owned by the SMC group of companies along with the Magnolia Hotshots and Barangay Ginebra San Miguel. It is the only remaining original franchise in the PBA and leads the league with the most number of PBA titles, with 29 to date. It is also the only team ever to have won at least one title in each of the five numerical decades of the PBA's existence so far.
Chicas Polar

The name Chicas Polar (lit. 'Polar Girls') refers to the models who have worked as image in the advertising campaign to promote Polar Pilsen beer in Venezuela.
The Empresas Polar campaign was launched for the first time in 2001 and has since then been renewed every year. The billboards alongside the highways in Caracas and other places in the country are very popular, as well as the calendars with pictures shot in landscapes as Choroni Beach or rivers from la Gran Sabana.
The media impact of the Polar Girls has been such that in Latin America and Europe they have been compared to Victoria's Secret Angels. Since the 2006 campaign, new models were called Chicas Pilsen ("Pilsen Girls").
The following table shows the models who have been part of the campaigns, alphabetically organized by year and last name. The years where they have been part of the campaign are marked in gray.
Brazil in the OTI Festival

The participation of Brazil in the OTI Festival first began at the inaugural OTI Festival in 1972 held in Madrid. Rede Tupi, Rede Globo, and Rede Record, members of the Organización de Televisión Iberoamericana (OTI), were successively responsible for the Brazilian participation. Brazil participated in the event intermittently from the start of the event until 1995.
Brazil withdrew from the event in 1985 and 1986 and returned in 1987. It withdrew again from 1988 to 1992. One year later, it made a brief return to the event until 1995. From 1996 on, Brazil retired definitively from the event.
The Brazilian OTI contestants were internally selected. Brazil was one of the most successful participating countries in the festival with three victories: The first of those victories came in 1972 in the first edition of the festival with the song "Diálogo" sung by Cláudia Regina and Tobias. The second Brazilian victory came in 1978 in Santiago de Chile with the song "El amor... cosa tan rara", which was performed in Spanish by Denisse de Kalafe [pt]. The third and last victory of Brazil took place in Washington D.C. in 1983 with the song "Estrela de papel" sung by Jessé. In total, Brazil managed to reach ten times the top 10.
Brazil hosted the OTI Festival in 1973, after winning the song contest the previous year, according to the original rules. The festival was held in the Palácio das Artes [pt] in Belo Horizonte. The stage of the festival had soft colors, a background zone for the orchestra and a central platform where the performers competed and the event was presented by Walter Forster and Íris Lettieri [pt]. The event was hosted by Rede Tupi's affiliate TV Itacolomi.
Festival de Gramado

The Gramado Film Festival (Portuguese: Festival de Gramado) is an international film festival held annually in the Brazilian city of Gramado, Rio Grande do Sul, since 1973. In 1992, the festival began to award Latin American films produced outside of Brazil. It is the biggest film festival in the country.
Formed by the National Cinema Institute (Instituto Nacional de Cinema - INC) in January 1973, the Gramado Film Festival was originally launched at the Hydrangeas Festivity (Festa das Hortênsias), where film exhibitions were promoted between 1969 and 1971. The efforts of the artistic community, the press, tourists, and locals made the initiative a successful event. By the 1980s, it was already the most important film festival of Brazil.
Currently, the festival grants awards in 24 categories (13 for Brazilian films, eight for international films, and three special awards). Its awards, called "Kikitos", are 13 inch statuettes created by the artisan Elisabeth Rosenfeld.
29°24′S 50°52′W﻿ / ﻿29.400°S 50.867°W﻿ / -29.400; -50.867
Minister of Culture (Brazil)

The Ministry of Culture of Brazil is a ministry of the Brazilian government, created on March 15, 1985 by the president José Sarney and extinct on May 12, 2016 by Michel Temer. Before 1985, the duties of the ministry were of authority of the Ministry of Education, which from 1953 to 1985 was called the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC). Ministry of Culture was responsible for the letters, arts, folklore and other forms of expression of national culture and for the historical, archaeological, artistic and cultural heritage of Brazil. After being extinct, their function was incorporated into the Ministry of Education again.
There were 17 Ministers of Culture. The first was José Aparecido de Oliveira, and the last, Margareth Menezes.
Qingdao International Beer Festival

The Qingdao International Beer Festival (simplified Chinese: 青岛国际啤酒节; traditional Chinese: 青島國際啤酒節; pinyin: qīngdǎo guójì píjiǔjié) is a yearly festival held in Qingdao in Shandong province, China. The event is jointly sponsored by national state ministries and the Qingdao Municipal Government.
The first Qingdao International Beer Festival was held in 1991 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the town's establishment. TSINGTAO Beer took the lead in hosting the first Qingdao International Beer Festival, festivals feature artistic parades, "Beer Carnival" games, beer tasting, drinking contests, music, food, interactive performances, various brewery beer tents, trade exhibitions, gala performances, carnival amusement park games and rides, and even bikini model contests.
Every year, the festival starts at the second weekend of August and lasts for 16 days.
The festival is held at multiple locations throughout the city. In 2015, a 66.6-hectare site was constructed containing beer tents and stalls selling sauerkraut, bratwurst and beer in plastic carrier bags (a festival tradition) as well as Bavarian band music, mass drinking competitions, Peking opera performances and karaoke.
Freeland Walleye Festival

The Freeland Walleye Festival is an annual gathering and fishing competition held in the town of Freeland, Michigan. It is hosted by the Freeland Lions Club and celebrates the walleye and local community.
The festival began in 1985 as a walleye fishing competition and fundraiser for the Freeland chapter of the Lions Clubs International. Since then, it has expanded to include a number of other activities around Freeland.
In the early 2010s, it was attended by approximately 30,000 people.
In addition to the walleye competition, the festival hosts a number of activities including a parade, carnival, beer tent, and city-wide garage sale.
The festival began as a walleye fishing competition, which it still hosts today.
The festival hosts a parade which runs through Freeland.
The festival is hosted by the Freeland chapter of the Lions Clubs International.
Proceeds have been used to fund the development of the Freeland Festival Park and additional improvements at the Freeland Memorial Park. It also provides funding for the Freeland Summer Concert Series and Freeland Sports Zone.
Sarau (event)

A sarau is a cultural event in which groups unite to integrate socially and culturally, usually by means of artistic expression. The word derives from the Latin seranus, becoming the Galego word serão, which refers to the fact that the events take place at night. A sarau may involve poetry, acoustic music, acting, and even art that is not performance-based, such as painting.
In the Middle Ages, the saraus were the moments when singers and troubadours presented themselves. Their popularity was consolidated in the French Court of Louis XV in the 18th century. In Brazil, they were associated with the Romanticism movement, becoming hubs for the exchange of new ideas.
Saraus are ongoing to this day in Brazilian culture.
In Portugal, a sarau is also often related to gymnastics events, in a non-competitive basis.
Estrella de Levante

Estrella de Levante es una cerveza lager de tipo pilsener. La fábrica de Estrella de Levante comenzó su producción en el año 1963 con ocho millones de litros. Es la cerveza más consumida en la Región de Murcia y su consumo se ha extendido hacia la Comunidad Valenciana, Castilla-La Mancha, Andalucía Oriental, Baleares y Canarias. La marca fue comprada por el grupo Damm, con sede central en Barcelona, España. Hoy en día la Cervecera Murciana es fabricante de la cerveza Turia y su conocida Marzen Bier.
La gestión de la calidad de la empresa está certificada en el Registro de Empresa de acuerdo a la Norma Internacional UNE-EN ISO 9001 del año 2015.
Producto principal de la fábrica. Tasa alcohólica de 4,8% vol. Se recomiendo el consumo en cañas cortas y a una temperatura de entre 4º y 6 °C. Se comercializa en botella de 20cl, 25cl, 33cl, 100cl y barril. Su ESP es de 11,6%. y hace referencia a la primera botella de 1963
La tasa de alcohol es de 5,4% vol. y se recomienda el consumo a una temperatura de entre 6º y 8 °C. Su ESP es de 13%.
Tiene una tasa de alcohol inferior al 1% y se recomienda a una temperatura de entre 4º y 6º%. Su ESP es de 6,2%.
Además, es 100% "gluten free", es decir, sin gluten certificada.
En la fábrica de Espinardo también se fabrica otra cerveza para el grupo Damm, la cerveza Skol, bajo la licencia de la marca danesa Carlsberg Group.
Se produce en la fábrica de Espinardo, se caracteriza por tener un color más oscuro que el de las lager y tener un sabor más intenso. Contiene un grado de alcohol de 5,4 en volumen.
Son de destacar los comerciales de Estrella de Levante a nivel nacional apoyando al grupo murciano Second.
Muerdo

Pascual Cantero (Molina de Segura, Región de Murcia, 9 de diciembre de 1988)​ es un cantante, compositor y poeta español conocido artísticamente como Muerdo.
Su primer trabajo musical, Flores entre el acero, fue autoeditado y publicado en 2011. Alcanzó una mayor difusión gracias al apoyo del cantautor manileño Luis Eduardo Aute.
En noviembre de 2013 presentó su segundo álbum grabado en Barcelona bajo la producción de la cantante Amparo Sánchez, líder de Amparanoia, y editado por el sello independiente Kasba Music, Tocando tierra. En este segundo disco, en el que participan artistas como Pedro Guerra o Lichis, presenta letras de «gran contundencia y profundidad humana y social aderezada con ritmos latinos y folcloristas pero también urbanos y modernos​».
El 5 de diciembre de 2015 presentó su tercer álbum Viento sur en el que mantendrá la mezcla de ritmos folclóricos, combinándolas con géneros urbanos como el hip-hop o el rock.​ En este último disco participa junto a músicos como Samuel Vidal, Lupita Ainá, Jordi Mestres, Daniel Tejedor, El Ninho Trompeta o el argentino Martin Bruhn, y cuenta con las colaboraciones de El Kanka y la chilena Pascuala Ilabaca. En el verano de 2016 se vio envuelto en una polémica de Facebook por comentarios contrarios a aspectos y corrientes dentro del feminismo.​
En 2018 de la mano de Warner Music Spain publica su último trabajo hasta la fecha "La Mano En El Fuego" cuya producción musical corre a cargo del ganador de varios premios Grammy Fernando Illán. El arte visual viene de la mano del prestigioso ilustrador Jorge Alderete y en el álbum aparecen también las voces de Carlos Tarque, LaMari (Chambao) y Soge Culebra.
El disco se convierte en un éxito que pone en valor la figura de Muerdo en España y Latinoamérica alcanzando varios millones de visitas y escuchas en las principales plataformas.
Durante este año 2018 Muerdo realiza una gira por las principales salas de España, logrando colgar en diferentes ocasiones el cartel de localidades agotadas en espacios de referencia como la Sala Apolo de Barcelona o la Joy Eslava de Madrid. También en este año se embarca en su gira más ambiciosa por América Latina, con un éxito incontestable en Argentina, Chile, México y Colombia, visitando también Ecuador y Perú.
En 2018 lleva su directo a los principales festivales del país, teniendo presencia en Viña Rock, Arenal Sound, San San Festival y otros eventos masivos internacionales como el Tribal Gathering de Panamá.
En diciembre de ese año recibe el galardón a Mejor Disco del Año en la categoría "Otras Tendencias" en los Premios de la Música de la Región de Murcia.
El 22 de marzo publica su primer libro "La Primera Piedra" de la mano de la editorial Mueve Tu Lengua, una retrospectiva de su carrera a través de textos, imágenes y fotografías que también incluye el primer poemario inédito del autor.
El 17 de enero de 2020, publicó el álbum digital de versiones de sus propias canciones con colaboraciones con numerosos artistas, como Rozalén, Juanito Makandé, El Kanka o Guitarricadelafuente.​
Obras de arte perdidas

Las obras de arte perdidas son aquellas piezas de arte originales que alguna vez existieron, según fuentes creíbles, pero que actualmente no pueden ser localizadas en museos o colecciones privadas o de las que consta su destrucción, bien sea deliberadamente, accidentalmente o por negligencia.
El FBI de los Estados Unidos mantiene una lista pública (“FBI Top Ten Art Crimes” ) con los 10 casos más importantes de obras de arte robadas y para cuya resolución se solicita información y colaboración ciudadana. Esta lista, junto a un libro de 2006 de Simon Houpt ​ y varias otras listas de medios de comunicación han perfilado las pérdidas pendientes más significativas.​
El Art Loss Register es una base de datos internacional computarizada comercial que captura información sobre arte perdido y robado. Lo gestiona una empresa comercial con sede en Londres.
En Estados Unidos el FBI mantiene el Archivo de arte robado, una base de datos sobre arte robado y propiedad cultural.
A lo largo del tiempo se han puesto en marcha diversos proyectos de búsqueda y recuperación en respuesta a pérdidas importantes, en particular:
Monumento (patrimonio histórico de España)

Monumento es, en el contexto del patrimonio histórico de España, un tipo de realización arquitectónica, de ingeniería o escultural que por su interés y valor goza de una protección jurídica específica recogida en la Ley 16/1985, del 25 de junio de 1985, del Patrimonio Histórico Español​ para su preservación, enriquecimiento y exhibición.
Los monumentos son una categoría dentro de la declaración más amplia de bienes de interés cultural.
El catálogo de monumentos es gestionado por la Dirección General de Bellas Artes y Bienes Culturales a través de la Subdirección General de Protección del Patrimonio Histórico mediante el Registro General de Bienes de Interés Cultural en el que también participan las distintas comunidades autónomas españolas.
Por su parte, el Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural de España tiene la misión y funciones de restauración, investigación, documentación, formación y asesoría en la conservación del patrimonio histórico.
El Registro General de Bienes de Interés Cultural de España incluye más de 13.000 monumentos que vienen identificados con el número 51 en primer lugar del código de B.I.C..​
Thomas F. Glick

Thomas F. Glick (Cleveland, Ohio, 28 de enero de 1939) es un profesor de historia medieval de la Universidad de Boston e hispanista.
Es doctor en historia por la Universidad de Harvard, licenciado en historia y ciencia por la misma universidad, y en árabe por la Universidad de Columbia, realizó parte de los cursos de doctorado en la Universidad de Barcelona en 1960. Ha sido profesor de las universidades de Texas y Boston, y profesor visitante en distintas universidades españolas y latinoamericanas. Es director del Shtetl Economic History Project y profesor de historia medieval de España, de historia de la ciencia e historia de la ciencia moderna.
Desde sus inicios se interesó por el conocimiento de las distintas culturas ibéricas, lo que le ha permitido otorgar a su condición de hispanista una dimensión más extensa que la mayoría de otros historiadores, lo que implica el conocimiento de las distintas culturas de España y de Latinoamérica, así como de las culturas que han estado enlazadas con estas, como la portuguesa, la árabe y la judía.
Ha destacado también por otorgar a su formación histórica tradicional un fuerte componente científico, por lo que ha escrito diversas obras en relación con la historia de la ciencia y la técnica, comparando la difusión de las ideas científicas y de las técnicas —lo que resultó novedoso—, también en relación con el ámbito hispanoamericano, donde destacan sus trabajos sobre la recepción en estos países del evolucionismo, el psicoanálisis y la teoría de la relatividad.
Se ha ocupado extensamente de la recepción del darwinismo en el mundo ibérico. Ha sido editor de The Comparative Reception of Darwinism (1988, 2ª ed.), The Reception of Darwinism in the Iberian World (2001), A recepcao do Darwinismo no Brasil (2003) y The Reception of Charles Darwin in Europe (2 vols., 2008).
Es miembro de la Sociedad Española de Historia de la Ciencia, de la Societat Catalana d'Història de la Ciència, de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia de la Ciencia, miembro correspondiente de la Real Academia de las Buenas Letras de Barcelona, de la History of Science Society y de la Society for the History of Technology.
Ha publicado sus trabajos en:
S.A. Damm

Sociedad Anónima Damm is a Spanish brewery founded in Barcelona in 1876 by the Alsatian August Kuentzmann Damm and Joseph Damm. It is the main brewery in the city.
Its best known beer products include the following four:
Other Damm products include Inedit, Bock Damm, Free-Damm, A.K. Damm, among others. Damm also produces a range of Gluten-reduced beers under the Daura label, including a Lager and a Märzen.
In 2018, the shareholding was formed by the Canarian oil company Disa Corporación Petrolífera (33%), owned by the Carceller family, the German food group Dr. Oetker (25%), Seegrund (13.95%), also controlled by the Carceller family and Demetrio Carceller Arce himself (0.083%). The rest of the company's shareholders are several historical families and descendants of the founder, August Kuentzmann Damm, La Moràvia d'Inversions (Armadàs family, 6%) and Boag Valores (Agenjo family, 5%).
In 2022, Carlsberg Marstons Brewing Company announced it will sell the Eagle Brewery in Bedford, England to S.A. Damm. The Eagle Brewery has packaged Estrella Damm since 2010.
During the heyday of baseball in Spain in the 1950s and 1960s, Damm sponsored a local baseball team, Picadero Damm. During the 1960s, Damm was also known for marketing its beer to all members of the family, including children.
Gastón Mieres

Gastón Mieres (born 5 October 1989 in Punta del Este, Uruguay) is a Uruguayan rugby union player who plays for Canadian club Toronto Arrows in Major League Rugby (MLR) and the Uruguay national rugby union team Los Teros as a fullback.
Mieres began playing rugby at a young age for Lobos, the only rugby team in his birthplace of Punta del Este, Uruguay. Due to his great speed and footwork, as well as a remarkable skill for tackling he was selected to play for the national youth teams throughout every category.
In 2010, he received his first full cap for the first team of Los Teros and then went on to alternate between Los Teros XV's team and the 7's team, depending on each's calendar.
Mieres began playing professionally in 2014 for Rugby Club Valpolicella of Verona, Italy of the second tier of the Italian Rugby Union championship, after outstanding performances in several test matches and the 2015 Rugby World Cup qualifyings.
He has played at the 2011 Rugby World Cup qualifying and at the 2015 Rugby World Cup qualifying, where Los Teros achieved the feat of beating Russia in the playoffs for the last place at the World Cup.
Of the 31 players included in the Los Teros squad for the 2015 Rugby World Cup, only four were playing at a professional level (Mieres, Felipe Berchesi, Agustín Ormaechea and Mario Sagario). It is for this reason that obtaining the last spot for the 2015 Rugby World Cup was such an exceptional accomplishment since it made Los Teros the only team composed of amateur players out of the 20 taking part in the tournament.
Mieres ranked third in the Most Offloads Made ranking of the 2015 Rugby World Cup during the group stage for having made seven offloads, the same as world renowned offloader Sonny Bill Williams of the New Zealand All Blacks.
In November 2015, Mieres was tested on a week trial on Coventry Rugby Club, till he finally signed a short contract with the team. The player returned to Lobos in early 2016.
He signed with Canadian club Toronto Arrows ahead of the 2019 Major League Rugby season.
Levante, Spain

The Levante (Spanish: [leˈβante]; Catalan: Llevant [ʎəˈβan, ʎəˈvant, ʎeˈβan, ʎeˈvant]; "Levant, East") is a name used to refer to the eastern region of the Iberian Peninsula, on the Spanish Mediterranean coast. It roughly corresponds to the former Xarq al-Ándalus [es], but has no modern geopolitical definition. Rather, it broadly includes the autonomous communities of Valencia (provinces of Alicante, Castellón and Valencia), Murcia, Catalonia (Barcelona, Girona and Tarragona), the eastern part of Castile-La Mancha (Albacete and Cuenca), eastern Andalusia (Almería, Granada and Jaén), southern Aragon (Teruel) and the Balearic Islands.
However, in its normal usage, the Levante specifically refers to the Valencian Community, Murcia, Almería, the Balearics and the coast of Catalonia.
Among inhabitants of the Levante, the term is rarely used. Its literal meaning is "the east", and thus makes sense only from the perspective of those who live to the west of Valencia, Catalonia, or the Balearics. However, the Levante does lend its name to a popular regional beer, Estrella Levante, owned by S.A. Damm and produced in Murcia as well as Levante UD, a Spanish football club team in Valencia.
Academic source for Levante: "Levante, the collective name for four Mediterranean provinces of Spain forming two autonomous regions officially known as Comunitat Valenciana and Región de Murcia." P. 400. Robinson, Jancis (ed.) 2006. The Oxford Companion to Wine, 3. edition. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
List of largest peaceful gatherings

This is a list of the largest historic peaceful gatherings of people in the world at one place for a single event.
A method of determining how many people are at an event is the scientific analysis of photographs, video images, or both. Based on the quality of the image, it is possible to do a physical head count or to estimate attendance based on the density of people within similar areas. This permits the estimation of people over large areas or where parts of the image are obscured. An extensive discussion of how images were used to estimate the number of attendees at the Million Man March can be found at the Center for Remote Sensing at Boston University's website.
List of April Fools' Day jokes

By tradition, in some countries, April 1 or April Fools' Day is marked by practical jokes. Notable practical jokes have appeared on radio and TV stations, newspapers, web sites, and have even been done in large crowds or gatherings.
The BBC and other outlets like The World have published lists of serious stories they feel might be confused with April Fools' Day jokes. One example of this is when Google announced Gmail in 2004, as it had a large amount of storage for the time.
Xibeca

Xibeca or Xibeca-Damm, is a Spanish beer brand of Barcelona brewery S.A. Damm, produced and mostly sold in its home Catalan market.
It is a low-alcohol grade, pale lager-style, table beer coming in large one-liter bottles. "Xibeca" was meant to be consumed along with meals, as a cheap substitute for red table wine when the prices of table wines rose at the end of the 1960s. It was very popular among the low-middle class in Catalonia during the 1970s.
Damm is one of the main breweries in Barcelona. During the heyday of baseball in Spain in the 1950s and 1960s, S.A. Damm sponsored a local baseball team, Picadero Damm.
Other Damm products include Estrella Damm and Voll-Damm.
Schooner (glass)

A schooner is a type of glass or a fluid measure for serving alcoholic drinks, which varies by country.
In all Australian states other than South Australia, a "schooner" is a 425 ml (15 imp fl oz), or three-quarters of an imperial pint.
In South Australian pubs and clubs, the term "schooner" refers to a glass with a capacity of 285 ml (10 imp fl oz) (known as a "pot" elsewhere in Australia, or a "middy" in New South Wales and Western Australia; these were half an imperial pint pre-metrication).
There is no legal definition of a schooner in Australia.
In Canada, a "schooner" refers to a large capacity beer glass. Unlike the Australian or British schooner, which is smaller than a pint, a Canadian schooner is larger. Although not standardised, the most common size of schooner served in Canadian bars is 33.3 Imp fl oz / 946 ml (32 US fl oz). It is commonly a tankard-shaped glass (dimpled mug shape with handle), rather than a traditional pint glass.
It should not be confused with Schooner Lager, which is a regional brand of beer found only in the eastern maritime provinces of Canada.
In Britain, a schooner is a large sherry glass. Sherry is traditionally served in one of two measures: a clipper, the smaller measure, or a schooner, the larger measure, both named after the sort of ships (clipper and schooner) that brought sherry over from Spain.
Since 2011, beer and cider have been permitted to be sold in 2⁄3 imperial pint (379 ml) glasses known by drinkers as "schooners", though these are not defined as such in UK legislation.
Newcastle Brown Ale is traditionally served in a 1⁄2 imperial pint (284 ml) glass called a schooner, or "Geordie schooner".
In most places in the United States, "schooner" refers to the shape of the glass (rounded with a short stem), rather than the capacity. It can range from 18 to 32 US fl oz (532 to 946 ml).
In the Pacific Northwest, "schooner" refers to a smaller-size pour, usually 8 to 12 ounces.
Estrella Damm

Estrella Damm (Spanish pronunciation: [esˈtɾeʎa ˈðan]) is a lager beer brewed in Barcelona, Spain. It has existed since 1876, when August Küntzmann Damm founded his brewery in Barcelona, and is the flagship beer of S.A. Damm, a prominent brewery in the city. The brand is the oldest in Spain and the name Estrella means "star" in both Catalan and Spanish.
Estrella Damm is available in many countries, including Ireland, Israel, Australia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Peru, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Croatia, Greece, Ukraine, Norway, Poland, Estonia, Portugal, Finland, Sweden, South Korea, Taiwan, Georgia, Honduras and the UK in a 4.6% version.
In 2009, the chefs and sommeliers from El Bulli Restaurant created a luxury bottled lager beer called Inedit for Estrella Damm by mixing blend of lager and wheat beer styles, then a combination of barley malt, flavoured with coriander, orange skin and licorice. Inedit means "unprecedented" in Catalan.
Estrella Damm was founded in Barcelona in 1876 by two Alsatians who had arrived to the city fleeing from the consequences of the Franco-Prussian War: August Küntzmann Damm and his cousin Joseph Damm. They founded the Damm Corporation and opened a brewery where they brewed their own beer: a lager lighter than Central European, adapted to the climate and tastes of the Mediterranean, making it known as "Mediterranean lager beer".
It was marketed as "Strasburger Bier", although the symbol, a five-pointed red star, was what made it popular, to the point that people referred to it as "the one with the star" or "the star" (Spanish: "la estrella").
In 1905, after the growth of production, a new factory was inaugurated on Carrer Rosselló, in the heart of Barcelona's Eixample. The factory would be known as "la Bohemia" as a tribute to the brewing area of Central Europe.
By 1907, beer had already received international recognition at trade fairs in Rome, London, Antwerp, Paris, and Genoa.
In 1921 the first name change took place. The star went from being the symbol to the name of the beer, which became known as "Golden Star" (Spanish: "Estrella Dorada").
In 1929, the brand took part in the Barcelona International Exposition. At that time, all the distribution was done with horse-drawn carriages. In 1939, in the face of the Franco victory in the Spanish Civil War, the red star on the packaging disappeared, becoming golden.
In 1991 the beer ceased to be called "Estrella Dorada" and became "Estrella Damm". In terms of corporate image, although it kept the gold for the five-pointed star, and regained the red of the original star to make it the corporate colour of the brand.
Arsitektur vernakular

Arsitektur vernakular atau yang juga disebut dengan rumah adat adalah arsitektur yang terbentuk dari proses yang berangsur lama dan berulang-ulang sesuai dengan perilaku, kebiasaan, dan kebudayaan di tempat asalnya. Vernakular, berasal dari bahasa Latin, yaitu vernacullus yang berarti lokal, domestik, asli, pribumi. Pembentukan arsitektur berangsur dengan sangat lama sehingga sikap bentuknya akan mengakar.
Latar belakang indonesia yang amat luas dan memiliki banyak pulau menyebabkan perbedaan budaya yang cukup banyak dan arsitektur merupakan salah satu parameter kebudayaan yang ada di indonesia karena biasanya arsitektur terkait dengan sistem sosial, keluarga, sampai ritual keagamaan.
Istilah arsitektur vernakular pertama kali diperkenalkan pada tahun 1964 oleh Bernard Rudofsky. Pengenalan istilah ini dilakukan pada saat berlangsungnya pameran di Museum Seni Modern. Pameran tersebut bertema arsitektur tanpa arsitektur. Kata vernakular berasal dari bahasa Latin verna yang berarti lokal atau asli. Rudofsky menggunakan istilah vernakular untuk menjelaskan mengenai arsitektur-arsitektur lokal yang ada di berbagai lokasi di dunia.
Arsitektur vernakular memiliki beberapa ciri khas, di antaranya adalah:
Menurut Oliver (1997), dalam arsitektur vernakular terdapat saling pengaruh antara unsur alam dengan budaya masyarakatnya. Dalam pembentukan setting lingkungan terdapat beberapa unsur yang dapat dijadikan pendekatan, antara lain:
Daftar tokoh Minangkabau

Daftar tokoh Minangkabau ini memuat nama tokoh-tokoh dari etnis Minangkabau serta yang secara genetis berdarah Minangkabau, baik yang lahir di Sumatera Barat maupun di perantauan. Khusus tentang tokoh-tokoh yang lahir di Sumatera Barat bisa dilihat di Daftar tokoh Sumatera Barat.
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