davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Tempeh burger

A tempeh burger is a vegetarian hamburger variant with tempeh (Indonesian fermented soybean cakes) as its main ingredient.
This vegetarian fusion dish consisting of hamburger buns with patty made of ground tempeh and other mixture such as mushroom, onion and seasonings, served with vegetables such as lettuce, avocado and tomato, with vegan sauces and condiments, mayonnaise and cheese (optional).
Tempeh burger often uses tempeh as a meat substitutes to create vegan patties, in which ground meat was replaced by ground tempeh as protein source with other admixture and seasonings. However, there is another alternative of serving burger tempeh—by using two tempeh bars as hamburger buns to sandwich vegetables and vegan sauces.
List of Indonesian snacks

This is a list of Indonesian snacks. In Indonesian, snacks are called kudapan, makanan kecil (lit. "small food") or makanan ringan (lit. "light food"). They might taste savoury or sweet, snack foods are a significant aspect of Indonesian cuisine which is very diverse. Traditional kue snacks — a collection of steamed or fried snacks with rice-flour and coconut sugar-based ingredients, exist in many forms. While traditional crackers of krupuk and kripik chips were also a popular crispy choice.
Food and Drug Authority

The Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (Indonesian: Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, lit. 'Food and Drug Supervisory Agency'), Badan POM/BPOM, or Indonesian FDA is a government agency of Indonesia responsible for protecting public health through the control and supervision of prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs (medication), vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, food safety, traditional medicine and cosmetics. The task and purposes of this agency is similar to the USFDA.
The predecessor of BPOM was formed during the colonial period and was named de Dienst der Volksgezondheid (DVG). Operating under the auspices of the Dutch pharmaceutical company, DVG itself was in charge of producing chemical drugs as well as operating a pharmaceutical research center. In 1964, during the Guided Democracy era, DVG was nationalized and became the Pharmacy Inspectorate (Inspektorat Farmasi) of the Indonesian Ministry of Health. Three years later, it was renamed the Inspectorate of Pharmaceutical Affairs (Inspektorat Urusan Farmasi). In 1976, it was again renamed the Directorate General Drug and Food Control (Direktorat Jenderal Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan, Ditjen POM).
In accordance with Presidential Decree No. 166/2000, the Directorate-General of Drug and Food Control was officially divested from the Ministry of Health to become an independent agency which reports directly to the president, though it continues to coordinate with the Ministry. Since 2017, BPOM has been regulated by Presidential Decree No. 80/2017.
In 2020, the head of BPOM issued a decree regarding the standardization of English-language nomenclature used in reference to BPOM, which includes an official translation of the agency name in English. The agency was previously known in English as the National Agency for Drug and Food Control.
As stipulated in article 2 of Presidential Decree No. 80/2017, BPOM was tasked to execute government role in the field of drug and food control.
According to article 3 of Presidential Decree No. 80/2017, BPOM has the following functions:
Based on article 5 of Presidential Decree No. 80/2017, and as expanded by BPOM Decrees No. 21/2020 and 13/2022, BPOM is organized into the following:
BPOM has four centers, those are:
BPOM has several Technical Implementation Units (TIUs) which spread across Indonesia. TIUs in NAFDC are Bureau (Balai Besar) and Office (Balai).
List of noodle dishes

This is a list of notable noodle dishes. Noodles are a type of staple food made from some type of unleavened dough which is rolled flat and cut into one of a variety of shapes. While long, thin strips may be the most common, many varieties of noodles are cut into waves, helices, tubes, strings, or shells, or folded over, or cut into other shapes. Noodles are usually cooked in boiling water, sometimes with cooking oil or salt added. They are often pan-fried or deep-fried. Noodles are often served with an accompanying sauce or in a soup.
There is a great variety of Chinese noodles, which vary according to their region of production, ingredients, shape or width, and manner of preparation. They are an important part of most regional cuisines within China, as well as in Taiwan, Singapore, and other Southeast Asian nations with sizable overseas Chinese populations.
Japanese noodles are a staple part of Japanese cuisine. They are often served chilled with dipping sauces, or in soups or hot dishes.
Nasi ulam

Nasi ulam is a traditional Indonesian dish of steamed rice (nasi) served with various herbs and vegetables (ulam).
The herbs used are mostly the leaves of pegagan (Centella asiatica), though they can also be replaced with kemangi (lemon basil), vegetables, and spices, accompanied with various side dishes. This dish is a feature of Betawi and Malay cuisine with many variations and is commonly found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and southern Thailand. Nasi ulam is often served with sambal chilli paste.
Nasi ulam is a typical Betawi mixed rice. Nasi ulam is a cross of several culinary cultures that influence the variant of the nasi ulam and its side dishes. Some say that white rice topped with coconut serundeng (ulam) and peanuts is an Indian influence. In Indonesia, Nasi Ulam is not only found in Jakarta but also Sumatra and Bali. Ulam in Betawi language is the name for serundeng from grated coconut, which when stirred with hot white rice will bring out a savory and slightly spicy taste on the tongue.
The history of Nasi Ulam comes from Tangerang, Banten. Unfortunately, this dish is rarely known by the surrounding community and is more associated with cuisine from Jakarta. This is because, in the past, a large number of Nasi Ulam traders from Tangerang brought the dish to Glodok, Jakarta. The cuisine was enjoyed by the local community, particularly Chinese Indonesians.
Not all Betawi people in Jakarta are familiar with all variations of Nasi Ulam, both wet (basah) and dry (kering). Wet ulam is only known among the Cina Benteng, Petak Sembilan, kawasan Pecinan, Tanjung Priok, Kemayoran, Matraman, dan Senen. Meanwhile, dried ulam is known in the Tebet, Kayumanis, and Mester Jatinegara areas. Betawi people usually eat rice ulam in the morning as one of the breakfast menus.
In Indonesia, nasi ulam can be found in Betawi (native Jakartans) cuisine as well as Bali and Sumatran Malay.
In Jakarta there are two types of nasi ulam, the wet (soupy) nasi ulam of northern and central Jakarta, and dry one of southern Jakarta. In Indonesia, nasi ulam usually spiced with kemangi herb, chili, sliced cucumber and sprinkled with peanuts granule and serundeng (grated and sauteed coconut). An array of other additional dishes are often added on top of nasi ulam, such as dendeng (beef jerky), telur dadar (omelette), perkedel (mashed potato fritter), fried tofu or tempeh, and krupuk.
Nasi ulam in Malaysia consist of cold boiled rice that is mixed with shredded herbs such as daun kaduk (wild pepper leaf), pucuk gajus (cashew leaf shoots), onions etc. Kerisik and other spices are also added. Sometimes shredded fried fish is mixed in. This version is common in northwest Peninsular Malaysia. A type of nasi ulam in northeast Peninsular Malaysia, in which the rice is dyed blue, is called nasi kerabu.
List of chicken dishes

This is a list of chicken dishes. Chicken is the most common type of poultry/meat in the world, and was one of the first domesticated animals. Chicken is a major worldwide source of meat and eggs for human consumption. It is prepared as food in a wide variety of ways, varying by region and culture. The prevalence of chickens is due to almost the entire chicken being edible, and the ease of raising them. The chicken domesticated for its meat are broilers and for its eggs are layers.
Chicken as a meat has been depicted in Babylonian carvings from around 600 BC. Chicken was one of the most common meats available in the Middle Ages. It was eaten over most of the Eastern hemisphere and several different numbers and kinds of chicken such as capons, pullets, and hens were eaten. It was one of the basic ingredients in the so-called white dish, a stew usually consisting of chicken and fried onions cooked in milk and seasoned with spices and sugar.
List of fermented foods

This is a list of fermented foods, which are foods produced or preserved by the action of microorganisms. In this context, fermentation typically refers to the fermentation of sugar to alcohol using yeast, but other fermentation processes involve the use of bacteria such as lactobacillus, including the making of foods such as yogurt and sauerkraut. Many fermented foods are mass-produced using industrial fermentation processes. The science of fermentation is known as zymology.
Many pickled or soured foods are fermented as part of the pickling or souring process, but many are simply processed with brine, vinegar, or another acid such as lemon juice.
Most cheeses are fermented as part of their production.
This is a list of fermented drinks. Although many fermented drinks are alcoholic beverages, not all fermented drinks are alcoholic.
Kigali

Kigali ni umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda. Ni umujyi uherereye hagati mu gihugu ukaba ufite abaturage 1,095,000 Kandi ukaba ugizwe nuturere dutatu aritwo Gasabo,kicukiro na nyarugenge. (mu mwaka wa 2019) Ni wo mujyi nkingi w'ubukungu n' umuco by'igihugu. Imihanda yose yo mu gihugu ni ho itangirira akaba ari yo nkingi y'ubwikorezi. Ibiro bya za Ministeri, n'ibya Perezida wa Repubulika biri muri uyu mugi. 70% by'umugi ni uduce tw'icyaro uyu mujyi ugizwe n'uturere dutatu aritwo;Kicukiro,Gasabo,na NYARUGENGE.
Kigali yashinzwe mu 1907 mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw' Abadage (Ubudage) ushinzwe na Richard Kandt, ariko ntiwigeze uhinduka kapitali y'u Rwanda kugeza igihe ubukoloni bwarangiriye (indépendance) muri 1962 [[1]]. Umurwa mukuru , akaba ari naho umwami yabaga muri icyo gihe wari Nyanza, ariko umugi mukur w'abakoloni wari Butare, icyo gihe yitwaga Astrida. Butare yabonwaga nk'aho ari wo mujyi wahinduka kapitali y' u Rwanda rwigenga ariko Kigali iza guhitwamo kubera ukuntu iherereye hagati mu gihugu. Guhera taliki ya 7 Mata, 1994, Kigali yabaye isibaniro rya Genocide cyangwa Ethnic Cleasing, —aho abatutsi barenga miliyoni bishwe bazira ubwoko bwabo . Nubwo umugi washenywe mu gihe cya kera, ubu urimo kwiyubaka ku ntambwe ishimishije.
Kigali Convention Centre

Kigali convention center nimwe munyubako ziri i Kigali mu Rwanda, ikoreshwa cyane mu kwakira inama, ibirori ndetse n'imyidagaduro. Yubatswe kandi irangira muri 2016.
Kigali Convention center n'imwe mu nyubako nini iri mu karere u Rwanda Ruherereyemo kuko ifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira abantu ibihumbi bitanu. yakira ibikorwa bitandukanye nk'inama, ibirori n'imyidagaduro ikaba kandi irikumwe na Hotel izwi kw'izina rya Radisson Blue Hotel. Kigali Convention Centre yatangiye kubakwa mu mwaka wa 2007 itahwa k'umugaragaro mu mwaka wa 2016 na Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda Nyakubahwa Paul Kagame.
Kigali convention centre iri ku buso bungana na metero kare ibihumbi 32, ikaba iri mu ishusho ycyo twagereranya n'igi cyangwa nanone nk'inzu y'Umwami i Nyanza mu rukari. Iyi nyubako irimo hotel y'inyenyeri eshanu ifite ibyumba 292 birimo; 201 bisanzwe, 68 byiyubashye ku buryo byakwacyira abayobozi bakomeye, bitanu biri ku rwego rwo kwakira umukuru w'igihugu nikindi kimwe cyakwakira Umwami. hari n'ibindi bitanu biteye mu buryo bwihariye kandi byisanzuye kuburyo bifite n'uruganiriro.
Inyubako ya Kigali Convention Center iherereye kimihurura mu karere ka Gasabo mu mugi wa Kigali uvuye kukibuga mpuzamahanga cy'indege cya Kigali bigusaba kugenda ibirometero bitanu gusa. ikaba imwe mu nyubako zibereye ijisho kuri uyu mugabane wa Afurika, hotel irimo ifite piscine, ikibuga cya tenis ndetse nigikoni kigezweho cyabasha gutekera abantu ibihumbi 4000, harimo kandi na restaurent n'aho banywera hagezweho.
Kigali Convention Centre yiteguye kandi inakira abakuru b'ibihugu mu nama y'umuryango wa Afurika yunze ubumwe(AU), kuva mu mwaka wa 2016 imaze kwakira inama n'ibindi bikorwa birenga 853 byitabiriwe nabantu barenga 320000. Iyi nzu kandi yakiriye imwe munama ihuza abakuru bibihugu na zaza goverinoma zibihugu bikoresha ururimi rw'icyongereza (commonwealth) yabereye I Kigali mu Rwanda tariki 20 kamena 2022. Iyo nama izwi kwizina rya CHOGM.
bereye I kigali mu Rwanda.
Lycée de Kigali

Lycée de Kigali (LDK) ni ishuri ryísumbuye riherereye mu akarere ka Nyarugenge, mu umujyi wa Kigali, Mu Rwanda. Ryatangiye mu 1975, ni rimwe mumashuri yisumbuye yakera .
mu Rwanda.
Lycée de Kigali ni ishuri riri mu mashuri ya kera mu Rwanda, ni ishuri ry'indashyikirwa mu burezi mu myaka myinshi. Lycée de Kigali yatangijwe na abafaransa mu 1975, kandi ni rimwe mu mashuri meza yigwamo na abahungu n'abakobwa. Lycée de Kigali yahawe leta mu 1982 ryari ryamaze kuterimbere.
Uyumunsi, Lycée de Kigali ishobora kwakira abanyeshuri 1400 mu kiciro rusange nikiciro gikuru cy'amashuri yisumbuye. Lycée de Kigali kandi ni ubufatanye bwa leta y'u Rwanda na ababyeyi. Ishuri ryakira abanyeshuri baturutse imihanda yose rikabafasha kuba abantu bingirakamaro bakenewe ku isoko ry'umurimo.
Abanyeshuri bigishwa amasomo akurikira:
Lycée de Kigali ifite amashami akurikira:
• PCB : Ubugenge, Ubutabire n'ibinyabuzima
• PCM : Ubugenge, Ubutabire n'imibare
• MCB : Imibare, Ubutabire, n'ibinyabuzima
• MPC : Imibare, Ubugenge n'ubumenyi bwa mudasobwa
• MPG : Imibare, Ubugenge n'ubumenyi bw'isi
• MEG : Imibare, Ubukungu n'ubumenyi bw'isi
• HEG : Amateka, Ubukungu n'ubumenyi bw'isi
• Ubumenyi rusange, no Kwihangira imirimo.
Ishuri ricumbikira abahungu n'abakobwa.
Lycée de Kigali ifite ikibuga cy'umupira wa amaguru nicy'umukino w'amaboko. Byatumye ishuri riba indashyikirwa rinatwara ibikombe mu myaka myinshi.
Ishuri rifite itorero, iri torero rigira abarifasha. Ishuri kandi ritegura amarushanwa y'umuco hagati y'amashuri
IPRC Kigali

Integrated Polytechnic Regional Centre (IPRC) Kigali, ni ishuri ryimyuga nubumenyingiro riherereye mu karere ka Kicukiro mumujyi wa Kigali,Rwanda. Yashinzwe bwa mbere na leta yu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2008 nka "Kicukiro College of Technology (KCT)". Inshingano yibanze ya koleji kwari ugutezimbere no gutanga ubumenyi bwumwuga kurwego rwa dipolome (A1).
Iri shuri rikuru ryarazwe ibikorwa remezo bisanzwe biri muri ETO Kicukiro byarifashije gukora nk'ishuri ryisumbuye rya Tekinike mu 1994 nubwo ibikoresho byayo hafi ya byose byangijwe mugihe cya jenoside. Nyuma ya jenoside amashuri abiri yisumbuye yakoresheje ibikorwa remezo bikurikirana kugeza muri Mutarama 2008.
Muri Nyakanga 2008, Guverinoma y'u Rwanda (GoR) yafashe icyemezo cyo guhuza uburezi bwa tekiniki, Uburezi bw'imyuga n'amahugurwa muri sisitemu ihuriweho (TVET). Kugeza ubu ishuri rikuru rya IPRC Kigali riri mubigo bizwi kandi bikora muri Rwanda Polytechnic.
Nyandungu Urban Wetland Eco-Tourism Park

Icyanya cy'ubukerarugendo mu gishanga cya Nyandungu ni parike y’ubukerarugendo y’u Rwanda gifite hegitari 134 iri hagati y’Akarere ka Gasabo na Kicukiro gifasha abantu gukora ingendo muri bishimira ahantu nyaburanga n’inyamaswa zo mu cyanya cya Nyandungu . iki cyanya cyashizweho nibintu byingenzi nkibidendezi byimitako, ibiti by'ubwoko bwinshi, ubusitani bw'ibiti bivamo imiti, inzira nyabagendwa,ahatangirwa amafunguro( resitora), ikigo cyamakuru nizindi serivise zo kwidagadura hagamijwe kubungabunga ibidukikije, kwigisha abagenzi no kuzamura imibereho myiza yabaturage. Yashyizwe mu bikorwa n’ikigo gishinzwe imicungire y’ibidukikije mu Rwanda (REMA) muri 2020 .
Mu mwaka w’ 2015 ni bwo hatekerejwe umushinga wo guhindura iki gishanga no kukigarurira ubuzima kikitwa icyanya cy’Ubukerarugendo bubungabunga Ibidukikije.Iki gishanga kiri ahazwi nko kuri 15 hagati y’Akarere ka Kicukiro n’aka Gasabo, gahunda yo kugitunganya yatangiye muri 2017,gishowemo asaga miliyari eshanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, yo kugitunganya kugira ngo kibe cyakorwamo n’ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo. Muri icyo Cyanya hagaragara urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, harimo ibiti by’amoko atandukanye birimo n’ibivamo imiti nk’umuravumba, igicuncu n’umubirizi kandi hari amoko y’inyoni arenga 70.
nyuma yo gusobanikirwa ko ibishanga ari umutungo kamere w'igihugu kandi ko bifashweneza byavamo kongera umusaruro w'igihugu ndetse nabagituye mu mujyi wa kigali bimwe mubishanga
byaho byaratunganyijwe bigirwa icyanya ndaburanga kuburyyo ubu iki gishanga kiri muri bimwe mu bishanga byo mu Rwanda bisurwa naba mukerarugendo benshi muri Kigali kandi bikinjiza akayabo
k'amafaranga atari make.
Hari akamaro kenshi kitezweho ubu katangiye kugararagara mu kubungabunga ibidukikije no kongera ubwiza .
Igishanga cya Nyandungu

== Igishanga cya Nyandungu ==
Mumyaka yashize uwumvaga nyandungu yayumvaga ari nk'igishanga cyibasirwa n'imyuzure igishanga giteye ubwoba kandi bamwe bagikoreshaga nk'ikimoteri kuko bamenagamo imyanda yo mungo zabo cyari igishanga ubonako ntakerekezo gifite. Muri icyogihe ibinyabuzima byari biri muri icyo gishanga harimo nk'inyoni n'ibindi byatangiye guhunga, utuyira nyabagendwa turasibama kubera imyuzure ikabije nisayo byamanurwaga n'imvura ituruka hirya nohino muri Kigali. Hakorerwaga kandi ubuhinzi butita kubidukikije ikigishanga cyari cyarakamye kubera kutitabwaho no gucukuramo ibumba.
Mu mwaka wa 2015 nibwo hatekerejwe umushinga wabyazwa muri iki gishanga murwego rwo kubungabunga ibidukikije, ndetse no kukibyaza umusaruro kigakurura ba mukerarugendo basura umujyi wa kigali aribwo hafatwaga ingamba zo kugihinduramo pariki y'ubukerarugendo bubungabunga ibidukikije ikongerwa muzari zisanzwe mu Rwanda. imirimo yo kugitunganya yatangiye muri 2016.
Muguhindura iki gishanga hatekerejwe kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima,kubakamo ibikorwa remezo ndetse no kubibyaza umusaruro bigakurura ba Mukerarugendo mu Rwanda ikigishanga kandi hateganyijwe guterwamo ibiti bisa nkibiri gucika birimo;‘umugote’, ‘igikakarubamba’, ‘imiravumba’, ‘iminyinya’, ‘ikirogora’, ‘umubirizi’, ‘igicuncu’, ‘igitenetene’,Ndetse n‘umukunde.
kugirango bizifashshwe mugusobanurira abakiri bato ibyo aribyo hari kandi ubusitani bwo kwicaramo ndetse n'utuyira twa siporo
turi kubuso bwa kirometero 10 hatewemo kandi imiti imwe n'imwe yo mubimera yakoreshwaga n'abakera mubuvuzi gakondo
nyuma yo gutunganywa kw'iki Gishanga kandi byatumye bimwe mubinyabuzima byari byarahunze birimo nk'inyoni n'ibindi bigarukamo.
Iki gishanga gifitiye igihugu akamaro cyane cyane umujyi wa kigali ndetse n'abagituriye kuko kigizwe n'urusobe rw 'ibinyabuzima ndetse n'ibyatsi bitanga imiti myinshi itandukanye yifashishwa mukuvura indwara zimwe nazimwe ikigishanga kirimo kandi ahantu ho kuruhukira,aho gufatira amafunguro,aho gukinira ikinamico,ndetse nutuyira twa siporo z'abanyamaguru ndetse n'amagare.
Muri ikigishanga harimo amoko y'inyoni asaga 70 ndetse n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye n'amoko y'ibiti menshi atandukanye harimo natanga imiti.
Nyandungu Urban Wetland Eco-Tourism Park, ni uburyo iki gishanga kiri gutunganywamo, ni igishanga giherereye mu Mirenge ya Ndera ho mu Karere ka Gasabo na Nyarugunga muri Kicukiro,
Valerie Piraino

Valerie Piraino n'umunyabugeni w'umunyarwanda ariko utuye muri Amerika umenyerewe cyane mu gushushanya no gutaka ibishushanyo.
Yavutse muri 1981 i Kigali, mu Rwanda akurira haba mu gihugu cye ndetse no muri Amerika. Ubuhanzi bwe bugaragaza indangamuntu y’amahanga kandi bukubiyemo insanganyamatsiko nko gusobanura ibintu byinshi biranga muri rusange, kurwanya ubukoloni (cyangwa kurwanya imperialism), diaspora ny'afurika. Yahawe ibihembo birenga icumi bimwemerera imikoranire, kandi yagiye agaragara mu imurikagurisha rirenga mirongo itatu muri leta umunani za Amerika ndetse no mubindi bihugu bitatu.
Nyina wa Valerie, yari umuhanga mu kudoda mu Rwanda, yahuye na se w'umunyamerika, igihe yakoraga mu bikorwa byo gutabara no kwiteza imbere. Nyuma yo kuva mu bwana bwe akiri muto yagiye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, no mu bindi bihugu bitatu byo muri Afurika, Valerie, kimwe n'ababyeyi be, bimukiye muri Arizona. Nyuma, umuryango we wimukiye i Baltimore, MD, aho yize muri kaminuza ya Maryland Institute of Art . Igihe Valerie yigaga i Baltimore, yasubiye mu Rwanda, aho benshi mu ruhande rwa nyina bari biciwe muri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda. Uru rugendo rwashishikarije umurimo we nk'umuhanzi uhuza ibihugu, harimo n'umushinga we. Mu 2005, Valerie yimukiye mu mujyi wa New York, ari naho yatangiriye MFA mu ishuri ry’ubuhanzi rya kaminuza ya Columbia . Yarangije muri MFA ye mu 2009 yahise yihutira guhanga umurimo we, kuri ubu akora nk'umwarimu w'igihe gito mu ishuri rya Parsons of Design.
Ikigaragara ni uko umurimo we uzwi cyane, ni urukurikirane rw'ibishusho bigizwe namapapayi yakoze ashushanyije ibice bya polystirene, hanyuma bigahisha imiterere y'ibumba ryirabura rya epoxy, irangi, resin, ibiti, ndetse rimwe na rimwe akoresha irangi rya zahabu kugirango anogereze igishushanyo. Mu kuganira ku kamaro k’amabara, umukara na zahabu, Valerie avuga ko umukara na zahabu byibutsa ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ndetse n’ibidukikije byabereye muri Afurika kubera ubukoloni. Amabara n'imiterere nabyo byerekana uruhu rw'abaturage bava muri Afurika bakoreshejwe mu mutungo kamere wabo.
Amapapayi ni imbuto zatoranijwe kugirango zihagararire imyumvire yo kurwanya ubukoloni kubwimpamvu ebyiri zingenzi. Iya mbere, Amapapayi yari ifunguro rya mugitondo mugihe yari umukobwa muto akiri muri Afurika. Icya kabiri, amapapayi, akomoka muri Karayibe, bagereranya nk'ubukoloni kuko "bakurikiza inzira y'ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni ". Mu imurikagurisha ryarangiye muri Mutarama, 2017 ryiswe Dis Place mu Nzu Ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi bwa Diasporan , amapapayi yasaga nkaho yakomeretse, byerekana ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore bo muri Afurika. Mu gihe amapapayi ari bimwe mu bikorwa bya Valerie bizwi cyane, yakoze ibindi bishushanyo byinshi kandi yagiye mu imurikagurisha mu gihugu hose, ndetse anagaragara mu imurikagurisha mu bindi bihugu ku isi.
Valerie yakiriye ubusabane nibihembo mu myaka ye yose yo guhanga ibihangano.
Chorale de Kigali

Chorale de Kigali yatanyiye mu 1966 i Kigali, Rwanda.
Chorale de Kigali yatangiye mu 1966 hamwe n’abaririmbyi b’abagabo gusa, abaririmbyi b’abagore binjiye nyuma mu 1987. Abatangije iyi korari ni abahanzi bo mu Rwanda bahuguwe mu maseminari no mu yandi mashuri y'abamisiyonari gatolika. Abamenyekanye muri abo bayishinze harimo Professeur Paulin MUSWAHILI, Saulve IYAMUREMYE, Matthieu NGIRUMPATSE, Célestin NKAKA, Henry NZAJYIBWAMI, Claver KARANGWA n'abandi benshi.
Chorale de Kigali yamye ifite umubare munini wabatunganya n'abahimbyi b'umuziki wa chorale mu Rwanda. Abamenyekanye cyane muri bo ni Saulve IYAMUREMYE, Matthieu NGIRUMPATSE, Apollinaire HABYARIMANA, Dr. Jean Claude BYIRINGIRO, Dr. Alfred NGIRABABYEYI, Pacifique TUNEZERWE.
Chorale de Kigali yagiye ikora ibitaramo byinshi mu Rwanda, harimo Misa zisanzwe, amasengesho, ibitaramo ndetse n’ibindi birori byinshi by’umuco mu gihugu. Ibintu bitazibagirana cyane ni aho Chorale de Kigali yakoreye ni isabukuru y'imyaka 50 y'ubusaserdoti bwa Musenyeri Aloys BIGIRUMWAMI yizihijwe ku ya 3 Kamena 1978 ndetse na Misa itazibagirana yizihijwe na Nyiricyubahiro Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II ubwo yasuraga u Rwanda ku ya 10 Nzeri, 1990 i Nyandungu, Kigali.
Chorale de Kigali ifite icyicaro kuri Paruwasi ya Cathedrale ya Saint Michael . Ariko korari iririmba nizindi ndirimbo ziteza imbere indangagaciro nziza mu ndimi zikoreshwa cyane. Chorale de Kigali yizihiza isabukuru yayo buri ya 15 Kanama ya buri mwaka, umunsi uhurirana n'Ijyanwa mu ijuru rya Bikira Mariya, mu rwego rwo kushimira uruhare rwe rwa mbere mu gucungura abantu.
Kugeza ubu, abanyamuryango ba Chorale de Kigali bagera ku 150 bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 17 na 70. Baturuka mu nzego nyinshi z'ubuzima; baturutse impande zose z'igihugu, imyuga itandukanye irimo abanyeshuri ndetse n'abakozi ba leta ndetse n'abikorera ku giti cyabo bahurira hamwe binyuze mu gukunda kuririmba.
Chorale de Kigali ifite byinshi yagezeho. Yahimbye kandi ikora indirimbo z’ibigo 7 bya Leta n’abigenga, isohora alubumu 13 z’indirimbo z'amajwi, yatangiye gutegura ibitaramo binini bizwi ku izina rya Christmas Carols Concert, iki gitaramo kibaho iminsi mike mbere ya Noheri kuva 2013. Chorale de Kigali yitabiriye iserukiramuco rya muzika ryitwa Music Beyond Boards (MBB) ryabereye i Kampala mu 2010, naho i Kigali mu 2011 ryateguwe na Chorale de Kigali ku bufatanye na MINISPOC na MINEAC.
Komite nyobozi ya Chorale de Kigali igizwe na Perezida, aba Visi-Perezida babiri, abanyamabanga babiri, n'abashinzwe umutungo babiri. Perezida wa korari ubu ni Dr. Albert NZAYISENGA.
International School of Kigali

International School of Kigali (ISKR) ni ishuri ryigenga, rifatanije, icyongereza-giciriritse K - 12 i Kigali, umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda. Iri
shuri ryashinzwe mu 2009. Muri Nzeri 2021, ishuri ryimukiye mu kigo gishya i Kigabagaba, ikigo gishya gitanga umwanya munini ku bana
ISKR itanga integanyanyigisho mpuzamahanga zishingiye ku bipimo ngenderwaho bya AERO n'ibipimo bihuriweho na Common Core muri Amerika.Kubanyeshuri bo mumashuri yisumbuye, ISKR itanga kandi amasomo ya AP mubyiciro byose hiyongereyeho gahunda ya Advanced Placement (AP). Amashuri abanza nayisumbuye yibanda kubibazo, umushinga / uburyo bushingiye kubibazo byo kwiga. Mubyongeyeho, abanyeshuri bose bari mumwanya wo kwiga bashimangira guhanga ibigisha gutekereza cyane , itumanaho nubuhanga bwo gufatanya. Abanyeshuri bose bafite kandi amahirwe menshi yo gutoranya gakondo nkigifaransa, ubuhanzi, ikinamico, hamwe nubumenyi bwumubiri hamwe numwanya wo kwiga uburyo bwo gutekereza kubishushanyo mbonera mugace kacu dukoresheje printer ya 3D nibindi bikoresho byo mukinyejana cya 21.
Mu mwaka w'amashuri 2021-2022, ISKR ifite abakozi 50 bose barimo abarimu 34. Abigisha mpuzamahanga bose bemewe, kandi abafasha bose bigisha bafite impamyabumenyi muburezi.
Mu ntangiriro z'umwaka w'amashuri wa 2021-2022, abiyandikishije bari 165 (K-5: 79, 6-8: 49, 9-12: 37, 37 bahagarariye ibihugu 37).
Iri shuri riherereye i Nyarutarama, hamwe muduce dutuwe cyane na Kigali. Ikigo gikuru kirimo amazu abiri yegeranye, hamwe nikibuga cyo gukiniramo, ikibuga gito cyumupira wamaguru, hamwe na basketball. Ikigo cya kabiri, ikigo cyacu cyisumbuye, giherereye nko muri metero 400 kumuhanda umwe. Ishuri rifite umurongo wihariye wa enterineti kandi uhujwe rwose.
Ibangamirwa ry’ibidukikije i Kigali

Umujyi wa Kigali nta genamigambi ngenderwaho y’iterambere ifite bityo hakaba hari akajagari mu iterambere ry’imiterere y’umujyi. Ahantu hakorerwa ubucuruzi, ahantu h’imiturire ho mu rwego rwo hasi, uruciriritse cyangwa urwo hejuru, hose hahindutse insisiro zitari mu igenamigambi. - Kuri izo mpamvu, ibibazo by’ibidukikije n’iby’ubuzima nk’imyanda ikomeye, gutwara imisarani amazi mabi n’imyanda yoroshye byo mu nganda byahindutse ikibazo..
The Tony Elumelu Foundation

The Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF) is an African non-profit organization founded in 2010 by Tony O. Elumelu and headquartered in Lagos, Nigeria. It is a pioneer member of the Global Impact Investment Rating System (GIIRS).
The Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF) was founded in 2010 by Nigerian businessman Tony O. Elumelu.
A leading light in African philanthropy, TEF has relationships with several other organisations around the world.
During the Global Entrepreneurship Summit that was opened by President Barack Obama, three Tony Elumelu Entrepreneurs were part of the official GES programme and gave "Ignite talks" on their entrepreneurial journey to the global audience including President Obama and President Kenyatta of Kenya. Shadi Sabeh, CEO Brilliant Footsteps Academy, Nigeria; Tonee Ndungu, Founder, Kytabu, Kenya; and Jean Patrick Ehouman, co-founder and President, Akendewa in Côte d'Ivoire were the speakers representing their companies and are beneficiaries of the Tony Elumelu Foundation.
"Unleashing Africa's Agricultural Entrepreneurs", the Foundation's report on the potentials of agribusinesses in transforming the continent, was launched on the sidelines of the 26th World Economic Forum on Africa in Kigali, Rwanda, 11–13 May 2016. Elumelu was also one of the co-chairs of the forum.
In June 2016, Tony Elumelu Entrepreneurs: Transforming Africa, a 30-minute documentary film chronicling the story of the Foundation's Entrepreneurship Programme. The documentary has since premiered in different cities across the world from Paris to St. Gallen, Kigali, Lagos and London.
Monica Geingos

Monica Geingos (née Kalondo; born 15 November 1976) is a Namibian entrepreneur and lawyer who served as the 3rd First Lady of Namibia from 2015 until her husband died in 2024. She has been a board member and director within many of the country's large companies. She also chaired the Presidential Economic Advisory Council. She was the President of the Organisation of African First Ladies for Development. The former first lady of Namibia now serves as the Chancellor of Kepler College in Kigali, Rwanda.
Geingos holds B.Juris and LLB degrees and has spent years as a private equity and governance expert in the financial sector.
In 2012, she was voted one of Namibia's 12 most influential people, and in 2020 she was on the list of 100 most influential African women. Geingos is a graduate of the University of Namibia and spent the early part of her career working for the Namibia Stock Exchange (NSX) in Windhoek. Geingos served as chairman of the board of eBank Namibia and is the managing director of the financial undertaking Stimulus, and general director of Point Break.
Geingos married the then president-elect of Namibia, Hage Geingob, on 14 February 2015, shortly before he was sworn into office. She served as First Lady from 21 March 2015 until 4 February 2024, when Geingob died. At Geingob's funeral, Geingos gave a eulogy in which she recounted that Geingob was born a peasant and died a president. She further described how, despite his modest upbringing, Geingob had accomplished remarkable feats and influenced numerous lives.
Mrs. Geingos was awarded the World Without AIDS Award from the German AIDS Foundation.
A school in Otjiwarongo, Monica Geingos Junior Secondary School is named after Mrs. Geingos. A street, Monica Geingos Street in Mondesa, Swakopmund is also named after her.
Kigali Car-Free Zone

Kigali Car-Free Zone is a popular center in Kigali that relies primarily on walking or cycling for transport. In 2021, the Rwandan government considered an expansion and rebranding of this zone to improve congestion and infrastructure, and for environmental and quality of life benefits. It is located on Road KN4 Avenue, between Kigali city headquarter's building, commercial buildings like Makuza Peace Plaza, Bank of Kigali, Ecobank Rwanda and Cogebanque
Kigali Car-Free Zone project has been announced on 26 August 2015 by Kigali city, from 2015 car movement has been stopped in that zone, in March 2021 Kigali city announced modern construction and rebranding of Kigali Car-free zone and to Rename it "Imbuga City Walk", cost of the project estimated to be 6 Rwf billions
Imbuga City Walk components are: Pedestrian zones and Cycling friendly pavements; green corridor landscaping; kiosks and other items; exhibition zone; and kids’ playground, street benches and free Wi-Fi network; city lounge and arcade; pedestrian-friendly street lamps and public toilets. In 2021, the Kigali city council launched renovation and giving it a new look to make it more beautiful and attractive.
Monica Mugenyi

Monica Kalyegira Mugenyi is a Ugandan lawyer and judge, who on 17 January 2024 was appointed as a member of the Supreme Court of Uganda.
Before that, from October 2019 until January 2024, she was a member of the Uganda Court of Appeal. Prior to that, she sat on the High Court of Uganda. She was appointed to that court by president Yoweri Museveni on 17 June 2010.
She attended Gayaza High School for her O and A-Level studies. She graduated from the Faculty of Law of Makerere University, Uganda's largest and oldest public university, with a Bachelor of Laws, circa 1992. The following year, she was awarded a Diploma in Legal Practice by the Law Development Centre in Kampala, Uganda's capital city. She also holds a Master of Laws in International Trade Law, from the University of Essex in the United Kingdom. In addition, she is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators.
Prior to her ascension to the bench, she was in private practice at Mugenyi & Company Advocates and had served as the manager of corporate services at the Uganda Road Fund. She also previously worked in the Office of the Attorney General and in the Privatization Unit. At the High Court, she was seconded to the East African Court of Justice (EACJ), where she served as the "Principal Judge". In October 2019, she was named to sit on the Uganda Court of Appeal, pending approval by the Parliament of Uganda.
Southern Province, Rwanda

Southern Province (Kinyarwanda: Intara y'Amajyepfo; French: Province du Sud; Dutch: Zuidelijke Provincie) is one of Rwanda's five provinces. It was created in early January 2006 as part of a government decentralization program that re-organized the country's local government structures.
Southern Province comprises the former provinces of Gikongoro, Gitarama, and Butare, and is divided into the districts of Huye, Ruhango, Nyamagabe, Gisagara, Muhanga, Kamonyi, Nyanza, and Nyaruguru.
The capital city of Southern Province is Nyanza.
2°37′19″S 29°36′29″E﻿ / ﻿2.62194°S 29.60806°E﻿ / -2.62194; 29.60806
Kigali Innovation City

Kigali Innovation City (KIC) is being developed to be a mixed-use, master-planned, innovation city to be situated on 60 hectares of land in Kigali, Rwanda. KIC will seek to facilitate the development of pan-African talent and act as a technology innovation hub. Its plan includes four universities, office spaces, and start-up business incubators, alongside supporting facilities for retail, hospitality and accommodation. Kigali Innovation City is home to CMU-Africa, large corporations, and technology companies. Its goal is to drive Rwanda’s economic growth through digital transformation. The Government of Rwanda hopes to attract domestic and foreign universities, technology companies and biotech firms, and have commercial and retail real estate. It is intended to be built on 70 hectares of land in Kigali's Special Economic Zone in Gasabo District.
Kigali Innovation City is part of the Government of Rwanda's Vision 2020 program and a public–private partnership between the Government and Africa50. Africa50, an infrastructure investment platform founded by the African Development Bank (AfDB) and African states, is a co-sponsor and partner that will help develop and finance the project.
List of government space agencies

Government space agencies, established by the governments of countries and regional agencies (groupings of countries) are established as a means for advocating for engaging in activities related to outer space, exploitation of space systems, and/or space exploration. The listings summarize all countries' and regional authorities' space agencies with a comparative summary of demonstrated capabilities.
The objectives include national prestige, exploitation of remote sensing information, communications, education, and economic development. These agencies tend to be civil in nature (vs military) and serve to advance the benefits of exploitation and/or exploration of space. They span the spectrum from old organizations with small budgets to mature national or regional enterprises such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States, the European Space Agency (ESA) which coordinates for more than 20 constituent countries, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities (Roscosmos) of Russia, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and the China National Space Agency (CNSA).
The space agency listings are segregated to enable identification of subsets of the complete list that have advanced to higher levels or technical or programmatic proficiency in accordance with the following:
As of 2024, nearly 80 different government space agencies are in existence, including more than 70 national space agencies and several international agencies.
This group of agencies have developed or are developing launch infrastructure including space launch sites, suborbital launch technology, orbital launch systems, and reusable hardware technologies.
This group of agencies have developed advanced technological capabilities required for travel and study of other heavenly bodies within the Solar System. These involve the capacity to leave the local area around the planet Earth for lunar and/or missions to other bodies in the Solar System.
This category is formed by agencies that operate and construct satellites in extraterrestrial environments, but do not have the capability to transport those satellites to the desired orbit/trajectory/landing spot. As far as we know as of the 10th May 2024, five space agencies have achieved the requirements to be listed here:
This small group of countries/space agencies have demonstrated the highest technological capacity with systems and solutions that support human spaceflight along with the ancillary technological capabilities to support human activity in orbit and/or on extraterrestrial bodies. The missions identified (and personnel when appropriate) are the first successful accomplishments of each activity.
The annual budgets listed are the official budgets of national space agencies available in public domain. For European contributors to ESA, the national budgets shown include also their contributions to ESA.
Norrsken Foundation

Norrsken Foundation is a non-profit, non-religious and non-partisan foundation dedicated to helping entrepreneurs solve the world's greatest challenges, such as poverty, famine, mental health, pollution and climate change. It has raised several venture capital funds, manages an accelerator program for early-stage startups and operates co-working spaces in Stockholm, Sweden; Kigali, Rwanda and Barcelona, Spain. Norrsken was created by Niklas Adalberth, one of the founders of the fintech company Klarna.
Norrsken Foundation was created in June 2016 by Klarna founder Niklas Adalberth, who contributed $20 million to the launch. In December 2017 Adalberth committed an additional $62 million to Norrsken Foundation. That same year, a co-working space of 2400 square meters named Norrsken House was opened in a repurposed tram depot in Stockholm. In 2023, Norrsken Houses in Stockholm, Sweden, Kigali, Rwanda and Barcelona, Spain, hosted more than 2000 members, representing over 300 startups.
After the initial launch in 2016, the co-founders of Mojang, King and Daniel Wellington seeded a $34 million fund. Investments in the companies hosted by the foundation range from $100,000 to $1 million.
In 2019, Norrsken closed a new investment fund, Norrsken VC, that will invest 100 million euros in new companies focused on sustainability. In 2020 the EU invested in the Norrsken fund through the European Investment Fund (EIF), along with Nordic banks Nordea and SEB.
In 2021, Norrsken closed a $200 million Africa-focused investment fund, Norrsken 22, aimed at backing a new generation of African tech unicorns. That same year, Norrsken launched an Accelerator programme, investing in 20 early-stage startups each year.
In 2024, Norrsken VC closed its second fund at 320 million euro, making it Europe's largest early-stage generalist impact fund.
By end of 2024, Norrsken had backed more than 150 startups via its various funds.
Norrsken operates Norrsken House in Stockholm, a co-working space for entrepreneurs trying to solve social problems. In 2019, Norrsken announced the construction of Norrsken House East Africa, a co-working space for entrepreneurs in Kigali, Rwanda. Norrsken House Kigali opened to the public in December 2021. The Kigali hub spans 12000 square meters and is currently home to support up to 1,300+ members. It offers facilities such as private offices, meeting rooms, and event spaces, catering to startups and ventures focused on innovation and social impact across Africa. These facilities are accessible through a membership fee which is separated into three tiers
The Kigali hub has partnered with local and international organizations to host programs and events aimed at fostering entrepreneurship and driving sustainable growth in the region. It also hosts a number of community events each month such as their flagship Founder's Friday Pitch event. In October 2023, Norrsken opened Norrsken House Barcelona, Europe's biggest hub for tech and impact.
Kigali Convention Centre

The Kigali Convention Centre is a convention centre in Kigali, the capital and largest city in Rwanda.
The convention centre is located on Highway KN5, adjacent to the KG2 Roundabout, about 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Kigali International Airport. This is about 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of the neighborhood of Kigali called Nyabugogo.
In 2007, three Rwandan corporate investors pooled resources to build the real estate complex. They formed a company called Ultimate Concept Limited, to develop and own the centre. The centre has four major components:
Construction began in 2009 according to the design by German architect Roland Dieterle and was completed in 2016.
Ultimate Concept Limited, the owner-developer of the convention centre, is a Rwandan company whose ownership is as depicted in the table below:
Kigali Green Complex

Kigali Green Complex (KGC), is a building under construction in Kigali, the capital of Rwanda and the largest city in that country. With 29 above-ground floors, the skyscraper is expected to be the tallest building in Kigali and Rwanda, at the time of completion. The design calls for an additional 6 underground floors.
The skyscraper is located in the central business district of Kigali, on a plot of land that measures 7,600 square metres (1.9 acres). This location is near the Kigali Convention Center and used to host the Rwanda Ministry of Justice. The geographical coordinates of this location are: 1°56'42.0"S, 30°03'44.0"E (Latitude:-1.945000; Longitude:30.062222).
The 29 storied high-rise is under development by Ultimate Developers Limited (UDL), a 100 percent subsidiary of the Rwanda Social Security Board (RSSB). KGC is under development to generate income for the RSSB stakeholders and provide upscale rentable space for corporations, businesses and individuals, in Kigali's CBD. As of December 2023, according to UDL, as reported by The New Times, an anchor tenant had been secured to take up 27 percent of rentable space in the mixed-use development.
The high-rise is reported to be the "1st ever Gold Rated LEED Green, Well and Smart Mix-Use Complex in Rwanda". Amenities include bank space, office space, retail space, and 430 car parking spaces.
The architectural consultant is reported to be Vavaki Architects. The engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract was awarded to the Shelter Group, headquartered in Doha, Qatar, with offices in the Middle East, Europe and Africa. Commercial commissioning is planned for 2027.
Germaine Kamayirese

Germaine Kamayirese is an engineer and politician in Rwanda, who served as the Minister of Emergency Management and Refugee Affairs in the Rwandan cabinet, from 18 October 2018 until she was dropped from cabinet on 27 February 2020.
Before that, from 24 July 2014 until 18 October 2018, she served as the Minister of State for Infrastructure responsible for Energy, Water and Sanitation.
She was born in Nyarugenge District on 5 August 1981. From 2000 until 2005, she studied at the Kigali Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), which today is the College of Science and Technology (Rwanda), a constituent college of the University of Rwanda. She holds a Bachelor of Electricalmechanical Engineering, awarded by KIST in 2005. She also holds a Masters of Communications Management, awarded jointly in 2010 by KIST and Coventry University, in the United Kingdom.
From 2008 until 2011, Germaine Kamayirese served as a network specialist at "Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Agency" (RURA). From 2012 until 2014, she served as a network specialist at "Tigo-Rwanda". From 2010 until 2011 Kamayirese served as an advisor at the "Institute of Engineering Architecture Rwanda". As of September 2017, she was a member of "Rwanda Women Engineers Association" (RWEA).
In her capacity as the State Minister responsible for energy, water and sanitation in the Ministry of Infrastructure, she was in charge of executing the country's national strategy and policy of power production, transmission, distribution and trading within Rwanda and with foreign energy entities. She was also responsible for the provision of reliable, safe and sustainable water supply and sanitation services throughout Rwanda.
In a cabinet reshuffle on 18 October 2018, Ms Kamayirese was named the new Minister of Emergency Management and Refugee Affairs.
Germaine Kamayirese is a mother of four children.
In December 2014, Forbes Magazine named her among "The 20 Youngest Power Women In Africa 2014".
பாலி வழிநடப்பு

பாலி வழிநடப்பு என்ற ஆவணம் திசம்பர்,2007இல் இந்தோனேசியாவின் பாலி தீவில் நடந்த 2007 ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் வானிலை மாற்றம் மாநாட்டில் பங்கெடுத்த நாடுகள் உடன்பாடு கண்டதாகும்.இது இரண்டாண்டுகளுக்குப் பிறகு டென்மார்க் நாட்டில் கூடவிருந்த வானிலைமாற்ற மாநாட்டின்போது உறுதிசெய்ய வேண்டிய உடன்பாட்டிற்கு வழி கோலும் ஆவணமாக அமைந்தது.இம்மாநாடு ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் வானிலை மாற்றம் கட்டமைப்பு கூட்டத்தைச் சேர்ந்த 13ஆம் மாநாட்டு அங்கத்தவர்களையும் (COP 13)கியோட்டோ நெறிமுறையின் மூன்றாம் கூட்ட அங்கத்தவர்களையும்(COP/MOP 3) உள்ளடக்கி யிருந்தது.
பாலி வழிநடப்பு பாலி செயலாக்கத் திட்டம் (Bali Action Plan, BAP)உள்ளடக்கியது.தவிர கியோட்டோ நெறிமுறை கீழான அதற்கமை செயற்குழு(AWG-KP)யின் செயற்திட்டங்களையும் 2009க்கான அவர்களது இலக்குகளையும் உள்வாங்கியது. மேலும் இது மாற்ற பழகு நிதி (Adaptation Fund)நிறுவுதல், கியோட்டோ நெறிமுறையின் ஒன்பதாம் அங்கத்தின் வீச்சையும் உள்ளடக்கத்தையும் மீளாய்வு செய்தல்,தொழில்நுட்ப பரிமாற்றம் மற்றும் காடுகள் அழிப்பை தடுத்து கரிம உமிழ்வுகளை குறைத்தல் முதலியனவும் அடக்கியுள்ளது.
அந்தமான் மூஞ்சூறு

அந்தமான் மூஞ்சூறு (Andaman shrew) (குரோசிடுரா ஆண்டமனென்சிடு) வெள்ளை பற்கள் கொண்ட ஒரு பாலூட்டி ஆகும். இவை அந்தமானில் மட்டுமே காணப்படும் இந்திய பகுதிக்குரிய விலங்காகும். பொதுவாக அந்தி அல்லது இரவு நேரங்களில் இரை தேடி செல்லும் விலங்காகும் இது. தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்பட்ட மர அழைப்பு, வாழ்விட இழப்பு, சுனாமி போன்ற இயற்கை பேரழிவுகள் மற்றும் கடுமையான வானிலை மாற்றம் இதனுடைய எண்ணிக்கை குறிப்பிட்ட அளவிற்கு குறைவதற்கு காரணமாக அமைந்துள்ளது.
தீவிர வானிலை

தீவிர வானிலை முக்கிய கட்டுரைகள்: தீவிர வானிலை மற்றும் காலநிலை மாற்றத்தின் உடல்ரீதியான தாக்கங்கள் தீவிர நிகழ்வுகள் பிராந்திய காலநிலை மாற்றங்கள் நிலத்தில் அதிக வெப்பமயமாக்கலைக் கொண்டிருக்கும் என எதிர்பார்க்கப்படுகிறது, அதிக வெப்பநிலையில் அதிக வெப்பமடைதல் மற்றும் தெற்கு அட்சரேகை மற்றும் வட அட்லாண்டிக் பெருங்கடலின் பகுதிகள் ஆகியவற்றைக் குறைத்து வெப்பமடையும். [153]
மழைப்பொழிவில் ஏற்படும் எதிர்கால மாற்றங்கள், நிலப்பரப்பு நிலப்பகுதிகளின் குறைந்து மழை பெய்யும், சப்போலார் லேட்யூட்யூட்ஸிலும், ஏராளமான நிலநடுக்கம் உள்ள பகுதிகளில் நிலவும் மழைப்பொழிவுகளை ஏற்படுத்தும். [154] வெப்ப அலைகள் போன்ற சில தீவிர வானிலை நிகழ்வுகளின் அதிர்வெண் மற்றும் தீவிரத்தன்மை ஆகியவற்றில் கணிசமான அளவு அதிகரிப்பு ஏற்படுவதாக கணிப்புகள் தெரிவிக்கின்றன. [155]
நேச்சர் காலநிலை மாற்றம் வெளியிடப்பட்ட ஒரு 2015 ஆய்வில், பின்வருமாறு கூறுகிறது:
நிலப்பரப்பின் மீது மிதமான தினசரி மழைவீழ்ச்சியின் 18% சுமார் வெப்பநிலை அதிகரிப்புக்கு முந்தைய தொழிற்துறை முறைகளிலிருந்து காரணமாகும், இது முதன்மையாக மனிதர்களின் செல்வாக்கிலிருந்து வருகிறது. 2 ° C வெப்பமண்டலத்தில் மனிதனின் செல்வாக்கிற்கான காரணமான மழைவீழ்ச்சியின் அளவு சுமார் 40% உயர்ந்துள்ளது. அவ்வாறே, இன்றைய தினம் மிதமான அன்றாட சூடான சூழலில் 75% வெப்பமயமாதலுக்கு காரணம். இது மிகவும் அரிதான மற்றும் அதிவேக நிகழ்வுகளில் மிகப்பெரிய பகுதியானது மானுடநோயாகும், மேலும் அந்த பங்களிப்பு மேலும் அதிக வெப்பமடைதலுடன் அதிகரித்துள்ளது. [156] [157]
1960 மற்றும் 2010 ஆம் ஆண்டுகளில் ஏற்பட்ட தீவிர நிகழ்வுகளின் தரவு பகுப்பாய்வு, வறட்சி மற்றும் வெப்ப அலைகள் ஒரே நேரத்தில் அதிகரித்த அதிர்வெண் கொண்டதாக தோன்றும். [158] மழைக்காலத்தில் மிகவும் ஈரமான அல்லது உலர்ந்த நிகழ்வு 1980 களில் இருந்து அதிகரித்துள்ளது. [159]
ஜோகேஸ்வரி

ஜோகேஸ்வரி (Jogeshwari) இந்தியாவின் மகாராட்டிரா மாநிலத்தின் மும்பை புறநகர் மாவட்டத்தில் அமைந்த நகரம் ஆகும். இது மும்பை நகரத்திற்கு கிழக்கே, பெருநகரமும்பை மாநகராட்சியின் K/E வார்டு பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள்து. இது ஜோகேஸ்வரி பௌத்த குடைவரைகளுக்கு பெயர் பெற்றது. அந்தேரிக்கு வடக்கில் உள்ள ஜோகேஸ்வரியில் புறநகர் மின்சார தொடருந்து நிலையம் உள்ளது.