davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Aloo gosht

Aloo gosht is a meat curry, and is a popular dish in North Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi cuisine. It consists of potatoes (aloo) cooked with meat (gosht), usually lamb or mutton or beef, in a stew-like shorba gravy. It may be considered a curry, stew, or shorba depending on the way the dish is prepared, the types of spices used and what country or particular region it was made in. The dish can be served and eaten with plain rice or with bread such as roti, paratha or naan.
It is a favorite and common dish in India and Pakistan, Indian and Bangladeshi meals; and is commonly consumed as a comfort food in the Indian subcontinent.
There are various methods of cooking aloo gosht. Generally, the preparation method involves simmering lamb or beef pieces and potatoes over medium heat, with spices.
Lamb or beef meat is cut into chunks and placed into a stew pot over heat. Chicken may be used as an alternative to lamb or beef. Tomatoes, along with cinnamon, bay leaves, ginger, garlic, red chili powder, cumin seeds, fried onions, black cardamom, garam masala and cooking oil are added and stirred. Potatoes and salt are mixed in. Water is added, in a proportion that is enough to cover the meat, and brought to a boil. The aloo gosht is covered and left to simmer until the meat becomes tender. Once ready, it may be garnished with chopped coriander leaves and served hot.
List of sweet potato dishes

This is a list of notable sweet potato dishes. The sweet potato is a starchy, sweet-tasting tuberous roots used as a root vegetable. The young shoots and leaves are sometimes eaten as greens. The sweet potato is only distantly related to the common potato (Solanum tuberosum), both being in the order Solanales. Although darker sweet potatoes are often referred to as "yams" in parts of North America, the species is not a true yam, which are monocots in the order Dioscoreales.
List of potato dishes

The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop. It is the world's fourth-largest food crop, following rice, wheat and corn. The annual diet of an average global citizen in the first decade of the 21st century included about 33 kg (73 lb) of potato. The potato was first domesticated by the Andean civilizations in the region of modern-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia between 8000 and 5000 BCE. It has since spread around the world and has become a staple crop in many countries.
The following is a list of dishes that use potato as a main ingredient.
Shawarma

Shawarma (/ʃəˈwɑːrmə/; Arabic: شاورما) is a Middle Eastern dish that originated in the Levant during the Ottoman Empire, consisting of meat that is cut into thin slices, stacked in an inverted cone, and roasted on a slow-turning vertical spit. Traditionally made with lamb or mutton, it may also be made with chicken, turkey meat, beef, falafel or veal. The surface of the rotisserie meat is routinely shaved off once it cooks and is ready to be served. Shawarma is a popular street food throughout the Arab world, Levant, and the Greater Middle East.
The name shāwarmā in Arabic is a rendering of the term çevirme in Ottoman Turkish (چيويرمى [tʃeviɾˈme], lit. 'turning; hence, roughly synonymous to döner in this context'), referring to rotisserie.
The shawarma technique—grilling a vertical stack of meat slices and cutting it off as it cooks—first appeared in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century in the form of döner kebab, which both the Greek gyros and the Levantine shawarma are derived from. Shawarma led to the development during the early 20th century of the contemporary Mexican dish tacos al pastor when it was brought there by Lebanese immigrants. The dish is also especially popular in Ottawa, Ontario, where a large community of the Lebanese diaspora exists.
Shawarma is prepared from thin cuts of seasoned and marinated lamb, mutton, veal, beef, chicken, or turkey. The slices are stacked on a skewer about 60 cm (20 in) high. Pieces of fat may be added to the stack to provide extra juiciness and flavour. A motorized spit slowly turns the stack of meat in front of an electric or gas-fired heating element, continuously roasting the outer layer. Shavings are cut off the rotating stack for serving, customarily with a long, flat knife.
Spices may include cumin, cardamom, cinnamon, turmeric or paprika, and in some areas baharat. Shawarma is commonly served as a sandwich or wrap, in a flatbread such as pita, laffa or lavash. In the Middle East, chicken shawarma is typically served with garlic sauce, fries, and pickles. The garlic sauce served with the sandwich depends on the meat. Toum or toumie sauce is made from garlic, vegetable oil, lemon, and egg white or starch, and is usually served with chicken shawarma. Tarator sauce is made from garlic, tahini sauce, lemon, and water, and is served with beef shawarma.
In Israel, most shawarma is made with dark-meat turkey, commonly served with tahina sauce instead of yogurt for kashrut reasons. It is often garnished with diced tomatoes, cucumbers, onions, pickled vegetables, hummus, garlic mayo, tahini sauce, sumac, or amba mango sauce. Some restaurants offer additional toppings, including grilled peppers, eggplant, or French fries.
In Armenia and Georgia, shawarma is traditionally made with thin cuts of marinated meat which is left marinating overnight in spices such as coriander, cumin, cardamom, paprika, garlic, lemon juice, and olive oil.
Allegory of the long spoons

The allegory of the long spoons is a parable that shows the difference between heaven and hell by means of people forced to eat with long spoons. It is attributed to Rabbi Haim of Romshishok, as well as other sources.
The allegory can be summarized as follows:
The story can encourage people to be kind to each other. There are various interpretations of the fable including its use in sermons and in advice to uncaring people.
The story suggests that people can use what they are given (the long spoons in this allegory) to help nourish each other, but the problem, as Haim points out, lies in how people treat each other.
Given the same level playing field one group of people who treat each other well will create a pleasant environment, whereas another group of people, given exactly the same tools to work with, can create unpleasant conditions simply by how they treat each other. Writer Dawn Eden suggests that this is a simple truth that can be easily forgotten by lonely people who cannot see their situation clearly. She argues that such conditions can be improved by reaching out to others.
The long spoons allegory has become part of the folklore of several cultures, for example: Jewish, Hindu, Buddhist, "Oriental" (Middle-Eastern) and Christian. In medieval Europe, the food in the story is a bowl of stew; in China, it is a bowl of rice being eaten with long chopsticks.
In some versions of the story, the diners are using regular cutlery but are unable to bend their arms, with a story attributed to Rabbi Haim of Romshishok describing how "both arms were splinted with wooden slats so he could not bend either elbow to bring the food to his mouth".
While the parable itself is seldom depicted in art, it is well known and used in sermons when referring to hell, where the fashion for depicting hell in terrible, painful, gruesome terms is fading in recent times.
A scene in the 2013 thriller The East draws strong comparisons to the allegory when protagonist Sarah is depicted as selfish for neglecting to feed her adjacent diner while in a straitjacket. The plot of 2019's The Platform has also been compared to the allegory.
Caritas made a short animated video based on this allegory for their campaign "One human family, food for all".
Sweet potato pie

Sweet potato pie is a traditional dessert, originating in the Southern United States. It is often served during the American holiday season, especially at Thanksgiving and Christmas in place of pumpkin pie, which is more traditional in other regions of the United States.
It is made in an open pie shell without a top crust. The filling consists of mashed sweet potatoes; evaporated milk; sugar; spices such as cinnamon, ginger, and nutmeg; and eggs. The baked custard filling may vary from light and silky to dense, depending on the recipe's ratio of sweet potato, milk and eggs.
Though creamy vegetable pie recipes date back to Medieval Europe, sweet potato pie appears in the southern United States from the early colonial days. The use of sweet potatoes in Southern and African-American cuisine traces back to Native American cuisine. The sweet potato, which is native to the Americas, was likely used by enslaved Africans as an alternative to the yam found in their homeland. Sweet potato pie applies European pie making customs to the preparation of sweet potatoes. Recipes for sweet potato pie first appeared in printed cookbooks in the 18th century, where it was included with savory vegetable dishes. By the 19th century, sweet potato pie was more commonly classified as a dessert.
One variation is the Hawaiian sweet potato haupia pie.
List of sweet potato cultivars

This list of sweet potato cultivars provides some information about varieties and cultivars of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). The sweet potato was first domesticated in the Americas more than 5,000 years ago. As of 2013, there are approximately 7,000 sweet potato cultivars. People grow sweet potato in many parts of the world, including New Zealand, Australia, the Philippines, Japan, Hawaii, China, and North America. However, sweet potato is not widely cultivated in Europe.
People breed sweet potatoes mainly either for food (their nutritious storage roots) or for their attractive vines. (The variety 'Vardaman' is grown for both.) The first table below lists sweet potato cultivars grown for their edible roots; the second table lists cultivars bred as ornamental vines. In the first table, the Parentage column briefly explains how the sweet potato cultivar was bred. Sweet potato plants with desirable traits are selectively bred to produce new cultivars.
Sweet potato cultivars differ in many ways. One way people compare them is by the size, shape, and color of the roots. The more orange the flesh of a sweet potato root is, the more nutritious carotene it has. (Humans metabolize carotene into vitamin A.) The skin of a sweet potato root is a different color than the flesh. The biological word for the outer skin is epidermis; the flesh is called the pith or medulla. The first table below has a general description of the color of the root's flesh and skin.
In the mid-20th century, sweet potato growers in the Southern United States began marketing orange-fleshed sweet potatoes as "yams", in an attempt to differentiate them from pale-fleshed sweet potatoes. Even though these growers called their products yams, true yams are significantly different. All sweet potatoes are variations of one species: I. batatas. Yams are any of various tropical species of the genus Dioscorea. A yam tuber is starchier, dryer, and often larger than the storage root of a sweet potato, and the skin is more coarse. This list does not include yams.
Many of the sweet potato cultivars below were bred at agricultural experiment stations. An agricultural experiment station (AES) is a research center where scientists work to increase the quality and quantity of food production. Agricultural experiment stations are usually operated by a government agency and/or a university.
Ana Maria Musicescu

Ana Maria Musicescu (n. ? - d. 1 martie 2012, București) a fost un istoric de artă român, concentrată în mod deosebit pe arta medievală bisericească, pe capodoperele arhitectonice Putna, Voroneț și Curtea de Argeș ca și pe broderia medievală regăsită în odăjdiile ecleziastice și domnești, păstrate sau în cele redate în picturile votive.
După studiile liceale, le-a urmat pe cele universitare (Filozofie și Drept, 1934), absolvite la Universitatea din București, Facultatea de Litere și Filosofie, dar a fost atrasă de istoria artei, devenind cercetător la Institutul de istoria artei în 1952, unde a activat în cadrul Sectorului de artă veche românească (din 1959 a devenit șefa acestui sector de artă). În 1964 s-a transferat la Sectorul de Istoria artei a nou reînființatului Institut de studii sud-est europene unde director era Mihai Berza. S-a remarcat prin finețea analizei comparatiste, fiind atrasă cu precădere de studiul picturii și al broderiei bisericești. Meritele sale deosebite în analiza comparatistă a artelor spațiului bizantino-balcanic, precum și întreaga sa activitate din țară și de peste hotare au fost încununate de Premiul Herder (1975).
Rudă cu scriitorul Păstorel Teodoreanu a cărui mamă era fiica muzicianului Gavril Musicescu.
Shopping City Suceava

Shopping City Suceava este un centru comercial în municipiul Suceava. A fost deschis la data de 16 aprilie 2008, în urma unei investiții de 65 de milioane de euro și are o suprafață închiriabilă de 47.000 de metri pătrați. Este deținut de britanicii de la Argo Real Estate, care dețin și Shopping City Sibiu.
Este localizat pe Calea Unirii, pe locul unde înainte a funcționat combinatul „Mobstrat” – fostul Combinat de Prelucrare a Lemnului (CPL) din platforma industrială „Valea Sucevei”.
Principalii chiriași sunt: Carrefour, Leroy Merlin, Mobexpert, Flanco, Takko, Decathlon, KFC, Cine Grand, New Yorker, Animax, Deichmann și Orsay.
Transportul public din Suceava

Transportul public local din municipiul Suceava este asigurat de societatea Transport Public Local (TPL) Suceava, care dispune de un parc auto format din 33 de autobuze. Pe teritoriul Sucevei există șapte trasee de autobuz, prin intermediul cărora se realizează legătura între principalele obiective și zone ale orașului.
Cele 33 autobuze noi fac parte din gama de autobuze urbane produse de Irisbus (Iveco), lansată în anul 2005, având podeaua mai joasă, rampă de acces pentru cărucioare, sistem pneumatic de aliniere a podelei la nivelul trotuarului, la oprirea în stație, îndeplinind și condițiile europene de limitare a emisiei de noxe și a poluării fonice.
Autobuzele au o capacitate de 107 persoane, din care 29 de locuri pe scaune, în plus fiind implementate o serie de tehnologii moderne, care sporesc securitatea călătorilor. Astfel, la ușa din mijloc există o porțiune cu senzori, care nu permite închiderea ușilor dacă cineva stă acolo, alți senzori sunt mascați de cauciucul de la îmbinarea ușilor, producând deschiderea ușilor dacă cineva este prins din greșeală. Pentru perioadele friguroase, există un sistem de încălzire a interiorului autobuzului.
La data de pe 18 septembrie 2020 au fost livrate 25 de autobuze electrice. Autobuzele sunt fabricate de ZTE.[1]
In data de 1 Ianuarie 2023 au fost scoase autobuzele pe motor termic (Irisbus , Otokar si Mercedes-Benz) si au fost inlocuite de 15 autobuze de 12 metri Solaris fabricate în anul 2022.
TPL pune la dispoziție un număr de 11 linii de transport public în comun,în care acoperă municipiul Suceava și localitatea suburbană Șcheia:
În anul 1987, la data de 15 august, în municipiul Suceava a fost inaugurată rețeaua de troleibuze, care a fost extinsă în anii următori, ajungându-se la un număr de șase linii de troleibuz. În paralel existau circa 20 de linii de autobuz care asigurau transportul în comun pe raza orașului și în comunele suburbane.
La data de 2 aprilie 2006 rețeaua de troleibuze a fost desființată, astfel transportul în comun sucevean revenind în totalitate la autobuze.
Imagini cu troleibuze tip Rocar 212E, folosite pentru transportul de călători pe traseul nr. 2 (Gara Suceava – Cartier Obcini), în martie 2006, cu puțin înaintea desființării liniei de troleibuze din Suceava:
Galleria Suceava

Galleria Suceava a fost un centru comercial din municipiul Suceava, deschis la data de 27 martie 2009.
Este situat la intrarea dinspre Fălticeni a orașului Suceava, la intersecția între bulevardele 1 Decembrie 1918 și Sofia Vicoveanca, lângă DN2 (E85), în imediata vecinătate a cartierului Obcini. Are o suprafață construită de 15.000 de metri pătrați, dintre care 10.700 de metri pătrați suprafață închiriabilă (GLA), fiind dezvoltat pe două niveluri. Mall-ul dispune de 270 de locuri de parcare atât la suprafață, cât și în subteran. Investiția pentru construcția centrului comercial a fost de 25 de milioane de euro.
În anul 2013, GTC România a vândut Galleria Suceava pentru suma de 800 de euro. Compania nu a reușit să impună conceptul Galleria în Suceava, oraș în care funcționează două centre comerciale de dimensiuni mult mai mari – Iulius Mall Suceava și Shopping City Suceava – care au atras cea mai mare parte a retailerilor.
A fost desființat si înlocuit de Primagra Center.
Iulius Mall Suceava

Iulius Mall Suceava este un centru comercial din municipiul Suceava, deschis la data de 15 noiembrie 2008. El se află situat în apropiere de Calea Unirii, în zona fostei platforme industriale „Valea Sucevei” din cartierul Burdujeni.
Iulius Mall Suceava este cel de-al doilea centru comercial deschis în Suceava, după proiectul Shopping City Suceava. A fost construit pe terenul defunctei Întreprinderi de Fibre Artificiale (IFA) din fosta zonă industrială de pe malul stâng al râului Suceava.
Centrul comercial este cel de-al patrulea din cadrul rețelei Iulius Mall și a implicat o investiție de 60 de milioane de euro. Are o suprafață închiriabilă de 54.900 de metri pătrați și găzduiește 150 de magazine din diverse domenii și 12 restaurante și un cinematograf. Principalele ancore sunt reprezentate de hipermarketul Auchan (10.500 mp) și de magazinul de bricolaj Bricostore (9.500 mp), magazinele de moda H&M (1.670 mp), Bershka (1.450 mp), C&A (1.225 mp) la care se adaugă două magazine de electronice și electrocasnice Media Galaxy (1.350 mp). Dar pot fi găsite și McDonald's, KFC, Subway, Salad Box (situate în zona FoodCourt al mall-ului), precum și CCC, Sephora, CinemaCity, DM, Adidas, Kenvelo, InterSport și TopShop.
Complexul este construit pe trei niveluri, pe o suprafață de 70.000 de metri pătrați. Include Turnul IFA, fostul coș de dispersie al gazelor de la Întreprinderea de Fibre Artificiale, cea mai înaltă construcție din Suceava, având peste 200 de metri. Iulius Mall Suceava deține o parcare cu 1.200 de locuri.
Județul Suceava (interbelic)

Județul Suceava a fost o unitate administrativă de ordinul întâi din Regatul României, aflată în regiunea istorică Bucovina. Reședința județului era orașul Suceava.
Județul se afla în partea de nord a României Mari, în regiunea Bucovina de sud, iar actualmente teritoriul lui este în totalitate în județul Suceava, constituind partea central-estică a actualului județ. Din punct de vedere al întinderii, județul Suceava era cel mai mic județ al României interbelice, având o suprafață totală de aproximativ 1.300 km². Se învecina la est cu județele Dorohoi și Botoșani, la nord cu județul Rădăuți, la vest cu județul Câmpulung, iar la sud cu județul Baia. Județul a fost desființat odată cu reforma administrativă din 6 septembrie 1950.
În anul 1930 teritoriul județului era organizat în următoarele trei plăși:
În anul 1938, după reorganizarea administativ-teritorială a județului, acesta cuprindea:
În anul 1945, județul a fost împărțit în patru plăși:
Conform recensământului din 1930 populația județului era de 121.327 locuitori, dintre care 79,5% români, 8,2% germani, 5,5% evrei, 2,7% polonezi, 1,7% ucraineni ș.a. Ca limbă maternă predomina limba română (76,5%), urmată de germană (9,4%), ucraineană (5,5%), idiș (4.3%), poloneză (2,5%) ș.a. Din punct de vedere confesional populația era alcătuită din ortodocși (80,1%), romano-catolici (8,4%), mozaici (5,5%), lutherani (3,3%), greco-catolici (1,4%) ș.a.
În 1930 populația urbană a județului era de 19.850 locuitori, dintre care 61.5% români, 18.7% evrei, 13.9% germani, 2.6% polonezi ș.a. Ca limbă maternă la oraș predomina limba română (60.4%), urmată de germană (18.7%), idiș (13.8%), ucraineană (3.2%), poloneză (2.2%) ș.a. Din punct de vedere confesional, orășenimea era formată din 60.6% ortodocși, 18.8% mozaici, 15.3% romano-catolici, 2.0% greco-catolici, 1.7% lutherani, 0.7% baptiști ș.a.
În anul 1930, localitățile urbane ale județului aveau următoarea populație: Suceava – 17.028 locuitori, Solca – 2.822 locuitori.
Săptămâna Mare

Săptămâna Mare, Săptămâna Sfântă sau Săptămâna Patimilor (Latină: Hebdomas Sancta sau Hebdomas Maior, „Săptămâna Mare”; Greacă: Ἁγία καὶ Μεγάλη Ἑβδομάς, Hagia kai Megale Hebdomas) în creștinism este ultima săptămână a Postului Mare și săptămâna înainte de Paște. Aceasta include sărbătorile religioase: Duminica Floriilor, Joia Mare, Vinerea Mare și Sâmbăta Mare. A nu se confunda cu Săptămâna Luminată, care este prima saptămână de după Postul Paștelui. În tradiția ortodoxă, Săptămâna Mare începe cu Sâmbăta lui Lazăr, ziua de dinainte de Duminica Floriilor.
Adormirea Maicii Domnului

Adormirea Maicii Domnului este o sărbătoare ortodoxă și catolică celebrată pe 15 august, în care se comemorează trecerea Fecioarei Maria din această lume.
Potrivit scrierilor apocrife despre Adormirea Maicii Domnului, Fecioara Maria și-a trăit ultimii ani pe pământ la Efes, alături de Ioan Evanghelistul. Ea nu a gustat niciodată moartea, ci pur și simplu a adormit, ca toți oamenii, curând după aceea fiind ridicată cu trup și suflet la ceruri (exact ca Isus din Nazaret). Cei care au fost martorii acestui miracol au fost ucenicii lui Isus și prietenii Sf. Maria.
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Luxemburg (oraș)

Luxemburg (luxemburgheză: Lëtzebuerg, franceză Luxembourg-Ville) este capitala Marelui Ducat de Luxemburg, una din cele trei capitale ale Uniunii Europene. Situat la confluența râurilor Alzette și Pétrusse, este un important centru bancar și administrativ.
Printre industriile bine dezvoltate se găsesc industria fierului, a oțelului, a mobilei, a bunurilor din piele, a textilelor, a berii și a mâncării.
Orașul, din motive de amplasare și geografie, a fost în istorie un loc de o importanță strategică militară mare. Luxemburgul s-a dezvoltat în jurul unui castel de pe Bock, din secolul al X-lea. În secolul al XIV-lea a fost fortificat. Aceste fortificații au rămas până ce citadela a fost demolată în 1867, când Marele Ducat Luxemburg a obținut independeța și și-a asumat neutralitatea. Această neutralitate a fost neglijată de către Germania cu ocazia primului și celui de al doilea război mondial, când Luxemburgul a fost invadat.
Obiective turistice importante sunt Catedrala Notre Dame și primăria. În oraș se află o universitate, precum și diverse instituții ale Uniunii Europene: Curtea de justiție a Comunității europene și Banca Europeană de Investiții, situate într-o zonă a orașului denumită Kirchberg.
Centrul vechi istoric și fortificațiile din orașul Luxemburg au fost înscrise în anul 1994 pe lista patrimoniului cultural mondial UNESCO.
Pasul Curmătura Boului

Pasul Curmătura Boului (numit și Pasul Trei Movile), este o trecătoare situată în Carpații Orientali la 1040 m altitudine pe Drumul Național 17A, care traversează Obcina Feredeului și leagă vale Moldoviței de cea a Moldovei.
Pasul unește comunele sucevene Vatra Moldoviței și Sadova, respectiv orașele Câmpulung Moldovenesc și Rădăuți
Trecătoarea este situată pe culmea dintre vârfurile Trei Movile (1156 m altitudine, situat spre nord-vest) și Deia (1200 m altitudine, situat spre sud-est), între satele Paltinu (spre nord-est) și Sadova (spre sud-vest).
Drumul care traversează pasul este modernizat
Cea mai apropiată stație de cale ferată este la Câmpulung Moldovenesc, pe linia secundară 502.
Cel mai apropiat aeroport se află la Suceava.
În apropiere se află pasurile Ciumârna – spre nord-est, Pașcanu – spre nord-vest și Mestecăniș – spre sud-vest
Comuna Gârla Mare, Mehedinți

Gârla Mare este o comună în județul Mehedinți, Oltenia, România, formată numai din satul de reședință cu același nume.
Comuna Gârla Mare este o comună formată dintr-un singur sat, localitatea Gârla Mare. Localitatea Gârla Mare, cunoscută și sub simpla denumire de Gârla, este situată în șesul Dunării, mai precis în vestul teritoriului comunei mehedințene. Varietatea și bogăția formelor de relief din județul Mehedinți, din care face parte și localitatea Gârla Mare, fac din regiunea în care se află un punct de atracție deosebit din perspectiva turistică. Zona favorizează în primul rând turismul sportiv, dat fiind faptul că cei care poposesc pe aceste meleaguri practică alpinismul sau motociclismul montan, însă nu sunt de neglijat nici croazierele pe Dunăre.
Accesul catre comuna Girla Mare este asigurat, in principal, drumul național DN56C Salcia – Gârla Mare – Gogoșu.
Populația comunei la 1 iunie 2005 a fost de 5550 locuitori. In prezent, populatia comunei este de 3256 locuitori.
Ca amplasare, localitatea Gârla Mare se află în sud-vestul Olteniei, chiar pe malul stâng al Dunării la 80 km de orașul Drobeta-Turnu Severin. Forma predominantă a reliefului zonei este câmpia. Din punctul de vedere al formei de relief, comuna se încadrează la categoria câmpie. Localitatea Gârla Mare se gasesc obiective turistice pitoresti, printre care Aria Naturală Protejată Gruia - Gârla Mare, Biserica Pogorârea Sfantului Duh și Insula Gârla Mare, aceasta fiind în dreptul localității, înconjurată de Dunăre. De asemenea, exista siturile arheologice apartinand culturii Garla-Mare. Cultura Girla Mare, specifica Epocii Bronzului Mijlociu, uimeste prin prisma ceremicii, foarte variata in ceea ce priveste formele si decoratiunile, plasticii feminine, care atesta existenta unui al fecunditatii si nu in ultimul rand tezaurului de obiecte de podoaba, asemanatoare celor miceniene, descoperit la Ostrovu-Mare-Tiganesti.
Cultura Gârla Mare apare a fi plasată în mijlocul culturilor indoeuropene descrise de Gimbutas. Cultura Gârla Mare are un caracter vechi european, moștenind trăsături direct din neo-eneoliticul local
Conform recensământului efectuat în 2021, populația comunei Gârla Mare se ridică la 3.300 de locuitori, în scădere față de recensământul anterior din 2011, când fuseseră înregistrați 3.382 de locuitori. Cei mai mulți locuitori sunt români (46,79%), cu o minoritate de romi (43,21%), iar pentru 10% nu se cunoaște apartenența etnică. Din punct de vedere confesional, majoritatea locuitorilor sunt ortodocși (63%), cu minorități de penticostali (17,76%), martori ai lui Iehova (6,33%) și adventiști (2,79%), iar pentru 10,09% nu se cunoaște apartenența confesională.
Comuna Gârla Mare este administrată de un primar și un consiliu local compus din 13 consilieri. Primarul, Constantin-Marius Bărăitaru[*]​, de la Partidul Național Liberal, este în funcție din 1 noiembrie 2024. Începând cu alegerile locale din 2024, consiliul local are următoarea componență pe partide politice:
CSM Suceava

CSM Suceava (Clubul Sportiv Municipal Suceava) a fost un club sportiv din Suceava, România. A fost notabil pentru echipa de fotbal care a jucat un sezon în Divizia A.
CSM Suceava a fost fondat pe 19 iulie 1972 și includea secțiuni de fotbal, atletism, rugby și volei. Pe parcursul anilor, mai multe secțiuni au fost adăugate, printre care tir cu arcul, baseball, box, lupte greco-romane, handbal, hochei pe gheață, canotaj, patinaj viteză și înot. Actualul setup include tir cu arcul, box, hochei pe gheață, rugby, atletism, volei și lupte.
Fiind una dintre secțiile de la fondare, echipa de fotbal a jucat în ligile inferioare, cu precădere în Divizia B, câștigând promovarea în Divizia A la finalul sezonul 1986-1987, retrogradând după numai un an. Înainte de sezonul 1993-94, numele a fost schimbat la Bucovina Suceava, după numele regiunii Bucovina.
La sfârșitul sezonul 1996-1997, Bucovina a fuzionat cu Foresta Fălticeni, creând cea mai de succes echipă din istoria județului Suceava, Foresta Suceava, care și-a jucat meciurile acasă, în Suceava, pe Stadionul Areni. Bucovina a devenit a doua echipă a Forestei Fălticeni, fiind numit Foresta II Falticeni, și și-a jucat meciurile de pe Nada Florilor, Falticeni.
În 1957, Flamura Roșie Burdujeni s-a mutat la Suceava, devenind Progresul Suceava.
Divizia B
Daniil Sihastrul

Daniil Sihastrul (Romanian for "Daniel the Hesychast") (died 1496) was a renowned moldovian Orthodox spiritual guide, advisor of Stephen the Great, and hegumen of Voroneț Monastery. Canonized by the Romanian Orthodox Church in 1992, he is commemorated on December 14.
A contemporary of Stephen the Great (1457-1504), Daniil Sihastrul was born near the beginning of the 15th century in a village near Rădăuți, with the baptismal name Dumitru. At 16 he was tonsured as a monk with the name of David at Bogdana Monastery in Rădăuți.
Some time later, he retreated to the "Sfântul Laurențiu" Monastery near the village of Vicovu de Sus. Feeling the need for greater solitude, he took upon himself the Great Schema, taking the schematic name of Daniil, and retreating into a densely forested area of the Vițău valley near modern-day Putna. There he found a rock into which he carved a chapel. To this day one can see the narthex, naos, and altar, as well as an underground room, also carved out of the rock, in which the saint dwelled. Stephen the Great came here in 1451, after the assassination of his father Bogdan II, at Reuseni. Daniil prophesied that Stephen would return and would become the ruler of Moldavia, which did occur in 1457.
At the urging of Daniil Sihastrul, Stephen the Great built Putna Monastery in 1466. After its consecration in 1470, Daniil withdrew to Voroneț, on the banks of the Voroneț River, by Șoimului Rock, where he continued his monastic life.
At Voroneț he was again visited by Stephen the Great, after the Battle of Valea Albă in 1476, seeking advice. Daniil Sihastrul advised him to continue battling the Turks, foreseeing that he would triumph. To commemorate this victory in 1488 the ruler commissioned the Voroneț Monastery. After its consecration, Daniil moved from his hermitage to the monastery. He spent the latter part of his life here, being elected as hegumen. He died in 1496 and was buried in the church at the Voroneț Monastery. On his tomb stone, carved according to the wishes of Stephen the Great, it is written: "This is the tomb of our father David, the schema-monk Daniil".
Daniil Sihastrul ignited a hermit movement in northern Moldova, having many novices in the forest surrounding Voroneț, as well as at the hermitages and monasteries in its surroundings. He encouraged Stephen the Great to fight for the defense of Christendom and to build holy places.
He has been considered a saint ever since his life time, being credited with healing the sick, exorcising demons, and removing suffering.
Suceava Ștefan cel Mare International Airport

Suceava Ștefan cel Mare International Airport (IATA: SCV, ICAO: LRSV) is an airport serving the city of Suceava, Romania. It is located in Salcea, 12 km (7.5 mi) east of Suceava, and 30.5 km (19.0 mi) west of Botoșani. The airport is named in honour of the Prince of Moldavia Stephen the Great.
Suceava Airport, more popularly known as Salcea Airport, opened in 1962 when the first commercial services started with TAROM. In 1963, the runway was paved, and an apron was built. Services by TAROM were discontinued in 2001 but resumed in 2004. During this absence, the airport was served only by Angel Airlines. In March 2005, the airport was renamed Ștefan cel Mare Airport, and opened to international traffic.
In 2013, Suceava International Airport started a plan (estimated at €39 million) to rebuild and extend the old runway of 1,800 m (5,906 ft), to build a new control tower and to install a new ILS system. In August 2013, the construction work began, and on 12 January 2014, the airport closed to allow the runway works to continue. The old concrete runway was completely removed, and replaced by an asphalt runway. On 25 October 2015, the airport was officially reopened.
The airport resides at an elevation of 1,375 feet (419 m) above mean sea level. It has one asphalt runway, designated 16/34 and measuring 2,460 by 45 metres (8,071 ft × 148 ft), and six parking stands.
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Suceava Airport:
There is a road linking the airport to DN29 (part of the European route E58), the main road between Suceava and Botoșani. It can also be reached from Ukraine by road.
Media related to Suceava International Airport at Wikimedia Commons
Suceava (river)

The Suceava (Ukrainian: Сучава Suchava, Romanian: Suceava, Hungarian: Szucsáva) is a river located in the north-east of Romania (Suceava County) and western Ukraine (Chernivtsi Oblast). It is a right tributary of the river Siret. It discharges into the Siret in the town Liteni, 21 km south-east of the city of Suceava.
It rises from the Obcina Mestecăniș Mountains in Bukovina, near the border with Ukraine. The total length of the Suceava from its source to its confluence with the Siret is 173 km (107 mi). Its basin area is 2,625 km (1,014 sq mi), of which 2,298 km (887 sq mi) in Romania.
The following towns and villages are situated along the river Suceava, from source to mouth: Izvoarele Sucevei, Shepit, Seliatyn, Ulma, Brodina, Vicovu de Jos, Bilca, Dornești, Satu Mare, Suceava, Verești.
The following rivers are tributaries to the river Suceava (from source to mouth):
Left: Aluniș, Izvor, Cobilioara, Garbanevski, Melesh, Rapochev, Rusca, Ulma, Sadău, Falcău, Caraula, Șicova, Bilca Mare, Petrimiasa, Târnauca, Climăuț, Ruda, Horaiț, Hatnuța, Pătrăuțeanca, Dragomirna, Mitoc, Podul Vătafului, Plopeni, Salcea
Right: Pogonișoara, Nisipitu, Brodina, Pârâul Ascuns, Valea Boului, Putna, Vicov, Remezeu, Voitinel, Pozen, Sucevița, Solca, Soloneț, Ilișești, Șcheia, Râul Târgului, Udești, Racova
List of cities and towns in Romania

This is a list of cities and towns in Romania, ordered by population (largest to smallest) according to the 2002, 2011 and 2021 censuses. For the major cities, average elevation is also given. Cities in bold are county capitals. The list includes major cities with the status of municipiu (103 in total), as well as cities and towns with the status of oraș (216 in total).
Romania has 319 cities and towns: one city with over 1 million inhabitants, 17 other cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, 153 cities with a population between 10,000 and 100,000 inhabitants, 110 towns between 5,000 and 10,000 inhabitants, and 38 towns with less than 5,000 inhabitants.
Romanian Patriarchal Cathedral

The Romanian Orthodox Patriarchal Cathedral (also known as the Metropolitan Church) is a functioning religious and civic landmark, on Dealul Mitropoliei, in Bucharest, Romania. It is located near the Palace of the Chamber of Deputies of the Patriarchate of the Romanian Orthodox Church. Since it is a working cathedral, it is the site of many religious holidays and observances that take place for those who follow the Orthodox Christian faith in Bucharest, including a Palm Sunday pilgrimage. The Orthodox Divine Liturgy at the cathedral is known for its a cappella choir, a common practice shared by all the Orthodox churches, in both their prayer services and liturgical rites. The Romanian Orthodox Patriarchal Cathedral is a designated Historical monument—Monument istoric of Romania.
The structure was begun in 1655 and completed in 1659 under the orders of the prince Constantin Șerban. The façade is in the Brâncovenesc style. All of the original frescoes and sculptures were destroyed, except for the icon of Constantine and Helen, who are the patron saints of the cathedral. The present-day frescoes were added in 1923 by Dimitrie Belizarie.
In 1862, the Romanian prime minister, Barbu Catargiu, was assassinated as his open carriage passed in front of the cathedral.
44°25′28.54″N 26°5′52.16″E﻿ / ﻿44.4245944°N 26.0978222°E﻿ / 44.4245944; 26.0978222
List of roof shapes

Roof shapes include flat (or shed), gabled, hipped, arched, domed, and a wide variety of other configurations detailed below.
Roof angles are an integral component of roof shape, and vary from almost flat to steeply pitched.
Roof shapes differ greatly from region to region, depending on the climate, materials available, customs, and many other considerations.
Roof terminology is not rigidly defined. Usages vary from region to region, nation to nation, and from one builder or architect to another.
Møllehøj

Møllehøj (Danish: [ˈmøləˌhʌjˀ]) is the highest natural point in Metropolitan Denmark at 170.86 m (560.6 ft).
Møllehøj is in the Ejerbjerge hills in Skanderborg municipality, very close to Ejer Bavnehøj. The summit is marked with a millstone, a remnant of Ejer mill which was situated on the hill from 1838 to 1917. The mill had eight sides and had an onion-shaped roof.
New measurements made in February 2005 showed that Møllehøj was higher than both Yding Skovhøj (172.66 m including a Bronze Age burial mound on its summit, 170.77 m without) in Horsens municipality and Ejer Bavnehøj, which had both been thought higher. These two high points' natural heights are, however, respectively 9 and 51 cm lower than Møllehøj. It was officially recognised as Denmark's highest point in 2005.
The place is located on private land next to a farm, but it has been made open for public visits. Parking should be made at Ejer Bavnehøj, 300 meters away.
Cluj-Napoca Unitarian Church

The Cluj-Napoca Unitarian Church (Romanian: Biserica Unitariană din Cluj; Hungarian: Kolozsvári Unitárius Templom) is a Unitarian church located in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Built in a late Baroque style between 1792 and 1796, according to the plans of Anton (Antal) Türk, the apse is semicircular and the vestibule faces south. A two-story spire with an onion-shaped roof dominates the facade. The upper parts of the facade are somber compared to the lower, which features tall niches between the pilasters. The central niche contains the portal, topped by an ellipse-shaped window, a small and amply sculpted balcony and another window in the shape of an arch segment. The pilasters have Doric and Ionic capitals, while the Neoclassical stucco decor includes sculpted shells, garlands and grape bunches. The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.
(in Hungarian) Official website
46°46′19″N 23°35′32″E﻿ / ﻿46.7718757°N 23.5922458°E﻿ / 46.7718757; 23.5922458
Moldovița Monastery

The Moldovița Monastery (Romanian: Mânăstirea Moldovița) is a Romanian Orthodox monastery situated in the commune of Vatra Moldoviței, Suceava County, Moldavia, Romania. The Monastery of Moldovița was built in 1532 by Petru Rareș, who was Stephen III of Moldavia's illegitimate son. It was founded as a protective barrier against the Muslim Ottoman conquerors from the East.
Stephen the Great, the Prince (in Romanian Domnitor) of Moldavia from 1457 until his death in 1504, fought 36 battles against the Ottoman Empire, winning 34 of them. He was very religious and built churches after many victories. Stephen's illegitimate son, Petru Rareș, who ruled Moldavia from 1527 to 1538 and again from 1541 to 1546, promoted a new vision for Bukovina churches. He commissioned artists to cover the interiors and exteriors with elaborate frescoes (portraits of saints and prophets, scenes from the life of Jesus).
The best preserved are the monasteries in the towns of Sucevița, Moldovița, Voroneț, Humor, Suceava, Pătrăuți, Arbore and Probota. These eight monasteries—including the Monastery of Moldovița—were placed on UNESCO World Heritage list in 1993, as the Painted churches of Moldavia.
This monastery, built by Voivode Petru Rareș, is one of the eight monasteries in Northern Moldavia with frescoes painted on the outer walls. Sister Maika, who has been living in the monastery for more than 50 years, says that it is "the holy scriptures in color".
Moldovița's frescoes were painted by Toma of Suceava in 1537. They are filled with yellow accents and are well preserved. The predominantly yellow-and-blue paintings on its exterior represent recurring themes in Christian Orthodox art: a procession of saints leads up to the Virgin enthroned with the Child in her lap, above the narrow east window; the "Tree of Jesse" springs from a recumbent Jesse at the foot of the wall to marshal the ancestry of Christ around the Holy Family; The "Siege of Constantinople" commemorates the intervention of the Virgin in saving the city of Constantinople from Persian attack in A.D. 626 (although the siege depicted is rather the Fall of Constantinople in 1453).
Tall arches open the porch to the outside and daylight. Within it, "The Last Judgment" covers the entire surface of the west wall with its river of fire and its depiction of the sea giving up its dead to judgment. Moldovița and Humor are the last churches built with an open porch, a hidden place above the burial-vault, and with Gothic-style windows and doors.
The monastery of Moldovița was depicted on a Romanian postage stamp in 1968.
Media related to Moldovița monastery at Wikimedia Commons
47°39′25″N 25°34′16″E﻿ / ﻿47.6570485403°N 25.5711293219°E﻿ / 47.6570485403; 25.5711293219
Romanian Athenaeum

The Romanian Athenaeum (Romanian: Ateneul Român) is a concert hall in the center of Bucharest, Romania, and a landmark of the Romanian capital city. Opened in 1888, the ornate, domed, circular building is the city's most prestigious concert hall and home of the "George Enescu" Philharmonic and of the George Enescu Festival.
In 1865, cultural and scientific personalities such as Constantin Esarcu, V. A. Urechia, and Nicolae Crețulescu founded the Romanian Athenaeum Cultural Society. To serve its purposes, the Romanian Athenaeum, a building dedicated to art and science, would be erected in Bucharest.
The building was designed by the French architect Albert Galleron, built on a property that had belonged to the Văcărescu family and inaugurated in 1888, although work continued until 1897. A portion of the construction funds was raised by public subscription in a 28-year-long effort, of which the slogan is still remembered today: "Donate one leu for the Ateneu!" (Romanian "Dați un leu pentru Ateneu!").
On December 29, 1919, the Athenaeum was the site of the conference of leading Romanians who voted to ratify the unification of Bessarabia, Transylvania, and Bukovina with the Romanian Old Kingdom to constitute Greater Romania.
Extensive reconstruction and restoration work has been conducted in 1992 by a Romanian construction company and restoration painter Silviu Petrescu, saving the building from collapse. The nine million Euro required were contributed in equal shares by the government and the Council of Europe Development Bank.
The overall style is neoclassical, with some more romantic touches. In front of the building there is a small park and a statue of Romanian poet Mihai Eminescu.
Inside, the ground floor hosts an ornate conference hall as large as the auditorium above; in the auditorium there are 600 seats in the stalls, the rest of the seats being placed in 52 loges.
A 75-by-3-metre (246.1 by 9.8 ft) fresco by Costin Petrescu decorates the inside of the circular wall of the concert hall. Painted using the al fresco technique, the piece depicts the most important moments of Romanian history, starting with the conquest of Dacia by Roman emperor Trajan and ending with the realization of Greater Romania in 1918.
Recognized as a symbol of Romanian culture, the building has been inscribed in 2007 on the list of the Label of European Heritage sites.
Fresco-secco

Fresco-secco (or a secco or fresco finto) is a wall painting technique where pigments mixed with an organic binder and/or lime are applied onto dry plaster. The paints used can e.g. be casein paint, tempera, oil paint, silicate mineral paint. If the pigments are mixed with lime water or lime milk and applied to a dry plaster the technique is called lime secco painting. The secco technique contrasts with the fresco technique, where the painting is executed on a layer of wet plaster.
Because the pigments do not become part of the wall, as in buon fresco, fresco-secco paintings are less durable. The colors may flake off the painting as time goes by, but this technique has the advantages of a longer working time and retouchability. In Italy, the fresco technique was reintroduced around 1300 and led to an increase in the general quality of mural painting. This technological change coincided with the realistic turn in Western art and the changing liturgical use of murals.
The treatise Silparatna by Kumaradeva (8th century) gives an account of the fresco-secco painting technology in detail. According to this text, a picture should be painted with appropriate colours, along with proper forms and sentiments (rasas), and moods and actions (bhavas). White, yellow, red, black and terre verte are pointed out in the text as pure colors. Different shades were also prepared from these original colors. Five types of brushes with various shapes and sizes (flat, long, medium, etc.) made of animal hair and grass fibre are also recommended. Specialist painters and decorators still use this technique to great effect in the world of interior design e.g. faux marble.
Nicula Monastery

Nicula Monastery is an important pilgrimage center in the north of Transylvania. It is located in Nicula village, Cluj County, in the vicinity of Gherla.
An unconfirmed tradition holds that the monastery was established in the 14th century. The first documentary mention dates to 1552, when it was an Eastern Orthodox site. A 1659 reference notes that the monastery was vacant. It became Greek-Catholic at the end of the 18th century, just after the creation of that church, and was dedicated to Saint Nicholas. A radical restructuring took place in the same period, as attested by a wooden church from 1695, an iconostasis from 1694 and a bell from 1696.
An old place of Greek-Catholic pilgrimage, the church of the monastery housed over time the famous icon painted in 1681 by the artisan Luca of Iclod. According to a report by Austrian officers, the icon had been shedding tears between February 15 and March 12, 1699. In 1713 Transylvanian Governor Sigismund Kornis took the icon to the noble residence at Kornis Castle in Benediugu Dejului, from where it reached Cluj.
Pope Clement XIII granted in 1767 plenary indulgence to the Greek-Catholic pilgrims who were traveling to the Monastery of village Nicula during the Marian feasts of August 15 (Assumption of the Mother of God) and September 8 (Nativity of the Mother of God). In 1774, a single monk lived there. The stone church of the monastery was built next to the previously built wooden church, between 1875 and 1879, at the expense of the Gherla Diocese. Two spires of 25 meters were added in 1905. In 1928 Pope Pius XI granted this Greek-Catholic monastic sanctuary the status of Marian Sanctuary. The iconostasis was replaced in 1938, the furnishings date to 1913, the walls were repaired in 1925 and a summer altar was built in 1925. There is an 1899 guesthouse, a space for pilgrims (1913-1920, 1927) and a monks' residence (1926). The wooden church burned in 1973, and another one was brought in, dating to the 18th century.
Through the school of artisans of icons from Nicula Monastery, Transylvania entered the glass painting technique, originated in Bohemia, Austria and Bavaria, areas where the tradition of glass manufactures was intertwined with the popular Catholic religiosity.
In 1948, when the Greek-Catholic Church was outlawed by the nascent communist regime, the monastery was confiscated by the authorities and transferred to the Romanian Orthodox Church, which continues to own and use it.
47°00′07″N 23°57′23″E﻿ / ﻿47.0020°N 23.9565°E﻿ / 47.0020; 23.9565
Suceava railway station

Suceava railway station (Romanian: Gara Suceava), also known as Burdujeni, is a railway station located in Suceava, Romania, completed in 1902. Originally part of Burdujeni village (now a suburb of Suceava), it is located at No. 7, Nicolae Iorga Street. The railway station was included on the 2004 list of historical monuments in Suceava County.
Suceava railway station was built between 1892 and 1902. Between 1902 and 1918 it was a train station at the Austro-Hungarian border, on the Romanian side. The historic building of Burdujeni railway station has baroque influences and it was designed in the architectural style of Fribourg/Freiburg railway station, located in Switzerland.
The train station was closed between 2000 and 2006, due to rehabilitation works carried out. Meanwhile, rail traffic was redirected to Suceava North railway station.