davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Abyssinian house snake

The Abyssinian house snake (Pseudoboodon abyssinicus), or Ethiopian house snake, is a small species of colubrid snake. It was once thought to be endemic to Ethiopia, but has been found in Eritrea recently.
This is a small snake, attaining lengths of 20–24 in (51–61 cm). They are sexually dimorphic, as the females grow larger than the males. The overall colour is a tan brown through orange to red, with large, deep-brown or black stripes running from the rostral scale through the eye to the rear of the head, where they continue down the body. The eyes are large and the pupils are vertically elliptical.
Little is known about this species because it is rather uncommon. It is nocturnal by nature and has been known to feed on small mammals and rodents. They breed at the beginning of the rainy season and are, it is assumed, an egg-laying species.
Two Oceans Marathon

The Two Oceans Marathon is a 56 kilometres (35 mi) ultramarathon and 21 kilometres (13 mi) half-marathon held annually in Cape Town, South Africa with the ultramarathon held on a Saturday in April and the half marathon held the next day on the Sunday. It was previously held on Easter weekend.
Described as "the world's most beautiful marathon", the race is run against a backdrop of spectacular scenery through the Cape Peninsula.
Both races start in Newlands. The Ultra Marathon follows a more or less circular route through Muizenberg, Fish Hoek, over Chapman's Peak, through Hout Bay and Constantia Nek, and eventually finishes at the University of Cape Town campus. On occasions when Chapman's Peak Drive has been closed due to construction or rock falls, the Ultra Marathon has followed an alternative route over Ou Kaapse Weg.
The Half Marathon takes runners along Edinburgh Drive (the M3 highway), before turning into forest roads past Kirstenbosch and finishing at the University of Cape Town campus.
Since its inaugural edition in 1970, the event has grown. Selling out every year, the Half Marathon sees some 16,000 participants (making it the biggest half marathon in South Africa), while 11,000 athletes tackle the 56 km Ultra Marathon.
In addition to the main events, other events take place:
The 2020 and 2021 editions of the race were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Key: Course record
Serious Fraud Investigation Office

The Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) is a statutory agency in India tasked with investigating corporate fraud. It operates under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India, with the mandate of detecting and prosecuting or recommending prosecution for white-collar crimes. The SFIO is a multi-disciplinary organization, comprising experts in various fields such as accountancy, forensic auditing, banking, law, information technology, investigation, company law, capital market, taxation, among other domains.
Initially, it was set up by a resolution adopted by the Government of India on 2 July 2003 and carried out investigations within the existing legal framework under section 235 to 247 of the erstwhile Companies Act, 1956. Later, Section 211 of the Companies Act, 2013, accorded the statutory status to SFIO.
Based on the recommendation of Naresh Chandra Committee on corporate governance (which was set up by the Government on 21 August 2002) and in the backdrop of stock market scams as also the failure of non-banking companies resulting in huge financial loss to the public, Vajpayee Government decided to set up SFIO on 9 January 2003.
Agency headquarters is in the Indian capital, New Delhi, with field offices located in major cities throughout India. The SFIO draws most of its officers from the ICLS, IAS, IPS, IRS and banks & other central services. The current SFIO director is Keshav Chandra (IAS). Many Additional, Joint and deputy director level officers are from ministry 's parent cadre, Indian Corporate Law Service.
The agency has four regional offices in Hyderabad, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai.
The SFIO is tasked with conducting investigations into a company's affairs when the government deems it necessary. Such instances arise in various scenarios:
شيشة جامباد

شيشة جامباد (Shisha Gumbad) هوا ضريح فى الهند.
شيشة جامباد موجود فى منطقه اداريه اسمها نيودلهى.
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله, و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
ايرج شيش 002

ايرج شيش 002 هوا نيزك سقط فى عرق شاش.
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله, و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
شيشى

شيشى كان ملك من مصر القديمه.
شيشى من مواليد سنه 1700 قبل الميلاد فى مصر القديمه, مات سنه 1700 قبل الميلاد.
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله, و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
شيشه

الشيشه (و اسمها كمان النارجيله الأرجيله أو النله) هيا اداه تدخين بتعتمد على تمرير دخان التبغ المشتعل بالفحم بالميه قبل استنشاقه.
نبات التبغ هو نبات استورد من الامريكيتين بعد اكتشافها و نقل و انزرع فى كل العالم و هو من مكتشفات العالم الجديد نقله كريستوفر كولومبوس لاوربا و بعدها اتنقل لبقيه البلاد و انزرع و اتطورت زراعته, كان الهنود الحمر اول اللى استخدم التدخين للتبغ تاريخيا.
الشيشه بتتألف من خمس أجزاء:
فيه انواع كتير منها:
أسماء على حسب البلد:
خين شيش

خين شيش رسامه من اسرائيل.
خين شيش من مواليد يوم 1 يناير 1970 فى صفد.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله, و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
المطبخ العربى

المطبخ العربى هو واحد من المطابخ اللى بتغطى منطقه الشرق الأوسط وشمال افريقيا ومنطقة الخليج ، و اتأثر المطبخ العربى بمطابخ بلاد الشام، و تركيا، و الأمازيغ، و الأقباط ودول حوض البحر المتوسط.
الشيشان فى الاردن

الشيشان فى الاردن (Chechens in Jordan) هما مجموعه عرقيه.
الشيشان فى الاردن موجودين فى الاردن.
تصنيف:مجموعه عرقيه
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
علاء ابو القاسم

علاء الدين ابو القاسم اتولد فى 25 نوفمبر 1990 ، رياضى مصرى كسب لمصر ميدالية فضيه لمصر فى العاب أولمبية صيفية 2012 فى لندن، انجلترا، فى لعبة سلاح الشيش و بكده بقى اول مصرى و افريقى ياخد ميدالية فى لعبة الشيش.
اتولد يوم 25 نوفمبر 1990 فى سطيف الجزائر لأب مصرى و ام جزايريه و هو دلوقتى طالب فى كلية الهندسه فى الاكاديميه العربيه للعلوم و التكنولوجيا و النقل البحرى.
شیشه

شیشه ( بالفارسى شیشه (اهر) ) قريه فى ايران و هيا تابعه لـ قسم ورغاهان الریفى ( بالفارسى دهستان ورگهان ).
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله عن قريه فى ايران. و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
الشيشان

الشيشان (Chechen Republic) هيا جمهوريه فى الكيانات الفدراليه فى روسيا عاصمتها جروزنى و هيا جزء من منطقه شمال القوقاز الفيدراليه.
الشيشان بتمتد على مساحه 16165.000 كيلومتر مربع.
ليها حدود مشتركه مع:
حسب الاحصا اللى اتعمل سنه 2020 وصل عدد السكان فى الشيشان 1478726 انسان.
السكان فى الشيشان بيتكلمو:
Egyptian Lover

Gregory James Broussard (born August 31, 1963), better known by his stage name Egyptian Lover, is an American musician, vocalist, producer and DJ, and was a part of the L.A. dance music, electro, and rap scene in the early 1980s.
The Egyptian Lover was born in Los Angeles, California, and started out there as a DJ with Uncle Jamm's Army, DJing dances as large as the L.A. Sports Arena with 10,000 people. He began recording around Los Angeles in 1982 as a member of the Radio Crew, as well as Uncle Jamm's Army. Members of Uncle Jamm's Army and the World Class Wreckin' Cru, including Dr. Dre, The Unknown DJ, Egyptian Lover, Ice-T and Kid Frost would later go on to help define the early West Coast Hip-Hop sound throughout the 1980s.
Most of the Egyptian Lover's successful recordings were 12" singles. "Egypt, Egypt" was one of the most popular, which was called part of the "b-boy canon." He eventually released some of the earliest rap LPs, but they were less popular commercially than his singles. On the strength of an alternative mix of his most popular single "Egypt, Egypt", 1984's On the Nile was moderately successful, reaching the Billboard Top 200. It was called "one of the first hip-hop records to come out of the left coast". He also collaborated with several other hip-hop and dance music artists. After a break in the early 1990s, Egyptian Lover returned in 1994 with Back from the Tomb, his first full-length album in over ten years.
The Egyptian Lover also established his own record company, Egyptian Empire Records, which included artists such as Rodney O & Joe Cooley, 2 O'Clock, and Te & Joezee.
His 2015 release, 1984, continues his tradition of using all analog equipment, including the Roland TR-808, along with much of the same gear used on his recordings of the 1980s. The name "1984" refers to his earlier albums. The album was recorded at Skip Saylor, Encore Studios, and at RUSK Studios, the same studio where On The Nile was recorded in 1984. It is widely available on double gatefold LP, CD and cassette tape.
The Egyptian Lover began touring again in 2004 throughout Europe, Asia, and North America. His performances often begin with mixing records on turntables before segueing into his original compositions.
In 2008, he supported M.I.A. in her People vs. Money Tour.
Justice Party (Egypt)

The Justice Party (Arabic: حزب العدل, romanized: Ḥizb el-Adl) is a political party in Egypt. It was founded after the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 by a group of people from different movements that led to the revolution including the April 6 Youth Movement, the National Association for Change and Kefaya.
After the 2011 Egyptian revolution, a group of youth taking part in the revolution announced they would be founding their own party. In May 2011, the party was officially founded after gathering 5,000 signatures from all across Egypt. Its foundation was celebrated with the first party conference being held in Al-Azhar Park. It supports centrism and secularism.
The founding committee for the Justice Party included democracy activists such as Mostafa el-Naggar, Ahmed Shoukry, Abdel Monem Emam in addition to Hisham Akram and Mohamed Gabr. The party had a group of consultants which included Egyptian economist Mona ElBaradei, sister of presidential candidate Mohamed ElBaradei, Egyptian political scientist Amr el-Shobaky, as well as Abdelgelil Mostafa, the general coordinator of Egyptian Movement for Change, also known as Kefaya and Egyptian poet and activist Abdul Rahman Yusuf, son of Islamic theologian Yusuf al-Qaradawi.
The party fielded candidates for about a third of Egyptian parliamentary seats during the 2011-2012 parliamentary elections that started in November 2011.
The Justice Party welcomes people from different political ideologies on the political right and left, and described itself as a party of political programs rather than a certain political ideology. Its policies focus on solving education, health and employment issues in Egypt as well as achieving the demands called for by the Egyptian revolution.
Census in Egypt

The practice of conducting a periodic census began in Egypt in the second millennium BC, where it was used for tax gathering and to determine fitness for military services.
The earliest Egyptian census was the cattle count, which counted not people but livestock (especially but not exclusively cows) for taxation purposes. During the early Old Kingdom it was taken every two years; the frequency increased over time. Human censuses in Egypt first appeared in the late Middle Kingdom and develops in the New Kingdom. Herodotus wrote that Ahmose I, first monarch of the New Kingdom, required every Egyptian to declare annually to the nomarch, "whence he gained his living". Under the Ptolemies and the Romans several censuses were conducted in Egypt by government officials.
Roman censuses in Egypt estimated the population at 4.5 million inhabitants in the year 14 AD and 5 million in 164 AD.
A census also took place in the era of Hesham Abdel Malek ben Marwan in the year 600 AD including the number of people, their ages and residences.
In 1798, Egypt's population was estimated at 3 million when Napoleon invaded the country.
After preliminary enumerations in some urban areas and villages the first countrywide census was carried out in 1848. A modern analysis of the 1848 census records, which attempts to adjust for various discrepancies in the data, concluded that Egypt's population was 4.476 million people back then. The 1848 census is said to be the first in a non-Western country to include demographic, social, and economic data on practically all individuals including females, children, and slaves. Digitization of the 1848 and 1868 census records is underway based on documents in the National Archives of Egypt.
During the last 135 years, Egypt has carried out around 14 official population censuses: the first was in 1882 and the most recent in 2017.
At current pace, Egypt's population is expected to reach 160 million by 2050. However, if the current rate of reproduction diminishes, the population may be limited to 120 million by 2050. Egypt already has one of the highest real population densities in the world.
Ziwa Baringo

0°38′N 36°05′E﻿ / ﻿0.633°N 36.083°E﻿ / 0.633; 36.083 Ziwa Baringo linapatikana katika Bonde la Ufa, kaskazini mwa Kenya, lina eneo la km 130, na liko mita 970 juu ya usawa wa bahari.
Linalishwa na mito mbalimbali, ikiwemo mto Molo, mto Perkerra na mto Ol Arabel, lakini halina mito inayotoka.
• Orodha ya maziwa ya Kenya
Lonnie Thompson

Lonnie Thompson (amezaliwa Julai 1, 1948) ni mtaalamu wa hali ya hewa wa Marekani na profesa wa chuo kikuu katika Shule ya Sayansi ya Dunia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Ohio. Amepata kutambulika kimataifa kwa uchimbaji wake na uchanganuzi wa chembe za barafu kutoka kwenye sehemu za barafu na barafu za milima katika maeneo ya kitropiki na ya kitropiki duniani. Yeye na mkewe, Ellen Mosley-Thompson, wanaendesha kikundi cha utafiti wa paleolojia ya hali ya hewa ya barafu katika Kituo cha Utafiti cha Byrd Polar.
Thompson alizaliwa Julai 1, 1948, huko Gassaway, West Virginia, na alilelewa huko kwenye shamba. Alipata shahada ya kwanza kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Marshall, kuu katika jiolojia. Baadaye alihudhuria Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Ohio ambapo alipata M.S. na Ph.D. katika jiolojia.
Thompson ni mojawapo ya mamlaka kuu duniani juu ya paleoclimatology na glaciology. Kwa zaidi ya miaka 40, ameongoza safari 60 ambapo wanaendesha programu za uchimbaji wa msingi wa barafu katika Mikoa ya Polar na vile vile kwenye uwanda wa barafu wa kitropiki na wa kitropiki katika nchi 16 zikiwemo Uchina, Peru, Urusi, Tanzania na Papua, Indonesia (New Guinea). Yeye na timu yake kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Ohio wametengeneza vifaa vya kuchimba visima kwa kutumia nishati ya jua kwa uzani mwepesi kwa ajili ya kupata historia kutoka mashamba ya barafu katika Andes ya Amerika Kusini yenye joto, Milima ya Himalaya, na kwenye Mlima Kilimanjaro nchini Tanzania. Matokeo kutoka kwa historia hizi za hali ya hewa ya hali ya hewa yalichapishwa katika makala zaidi ya 230 na yamechangia kuboresha uelewa wa mfumo wa hali ya hewa wa Dunia, wa zamani na wa sasa.
Katika miaka ya 1970, alikuwa mwanasayansi wa kwanza "kuchota sampuli za barafu kutoka kwenye sehemu ya mbali ya barafu ya kitropiki, kama vile Quelccaya Ice Cap katika Andes ya Peru, na kuzichanganua kwa ishara za kale za hali ya hewa. Aliunda mpango wa utafiti wa msingi wa barafu katika Jimbo la Ohio wakati bado ni mwanafunzi aliyehitimu huko.
Haya ni Baadhi ya machapisho yake mashuhuri:
Simona Bordoni

Simona Bordoni (alizaliwa mwaka 1972) ni mtaalam wa hali ya hewa kutokea nchini Italia na profesa wa sayansi ya mazingira na uhandisi ambaye anaongoza Kikundi cha Utafiti cha Simona Bordoni katika Chuo Kikuu cha Teknolojia cha California.
Bordoni alipokea Shahada ya Sayansi ya masula ya hali ya hewa kutoka UCLA mwaka 2003, na shahada yake ya Uzamivu ya Sayansi ya Hewa na Bahari kutoka UCLA mwaka 2007.
Bordoni na Tapio Schneider wana karatasi iliyonukuliwa juu ya mwanzo wa monsuni ya Asia ambayo ilitumia modeli ya masuala ya hali ya hewa kuonesha kuwa monsoon ni mabadiliko kati ya maeneo mawili yaliyo katika mzunguko kijiografia. Simone pia amefanya kazi na Salvatore Pascale kuchunguza udhaifu wa Monsuni ya Amerika ya Kaskazini na matokeo yake kwa rasilimali za maji. Uchambuzi wake wa upepo wa bahari juu ya Ghuba ya California na kaskazini-mashariki mwa Bahari ya Pasifiki uligundua kuwa kuanza kwa msimu wa kiangazi kunasindikizwa na mabadiliko ya msimu wa kuelekea upepo kando ya Ghuba.
Monsuni, mabadiliko ya Kitropiki, mabadiliko ya Hali ya Hewa yanayo ingiliana katikati ya mzunguko mdogo wa kieneo na mzunguko mkubwa kijiografia
Kaunti ya Mombasa

Kaunti ya Mombasa imeshika nafasi ya wilaya ya Mombasa baada ya katiba mpya ya Jamhuri ya Kenya kupatikana mwaka 2010. Kaunti hii ni mojawapo ya kaunti mbili ambazo pia ni jiji na ndio kaunti ndogo kabisa kati ya kaunti zote.
Inapakana na kaunti za Kwale na Kilifi ambazo pamoja na kaunti za Mombasa, Lamu, Tana River na Taita Taveta zilikuwa zinatengeneza Mkoa wa Pwani.
Wakati wa sensa ya mwaka 2019 wakazi walikuwa 1,208,333 katika eneo la km2 219.9, msongamano ukiwa hivyo wa 5,495 kwa kilometa mraba.
Makao makuu ya serikali ya kaunti yako katika jiji la Mombasa.
Kaunti ya Mombasa inapakana na Bahari Hindi. Ina kisiwa cha Mvita ambacho huwa kati mwa Jiji la Mombasa. Kimetenganishwa na bara na Kijito cha Tudor na Kijito cha Port Reitz. Vijito hivyo hugawanywa na Makupa Causeway. Maeneo hayo mengine ya bara yameunganishwa kwa feri na daraja. Ardhi yake ni tambarare.
Lindi la Bandari ya Kilindini, lenye kina cha mita 45-55, huiwezesha kuegeshwa meli kubwa.
Mombasa ina misitu asilia mitatu ambayo ni 6% ya misitu ya mikoko ya Kenya. Misitu hiyo ni mojawapo ya makazi ya wanyamapori katika kaunti hii. Hata hivyo, uvunaji kupindukia wa miti, maeneo taka na kupanua ardhi baharini kumeharibu misitu hii na kuathiri wanyamapori wa majini na ardhini.
Kaunti ya Mombasa ina tabianchi ya tropiki. Kwa kuwa iko kando na bahari, kiwango cha unyevuanga huwa juu. Hali ya hewa hutegemea pepo za monsuni. Kaunti hupata misimu miwili ya mvua: Aprili hadi Juni na Oktoba hadi Disemba.
Kubadilika kwa wastani wa hali ya hewa kumesababisha kiwango cha upwaji wa bahari kupanda na kuongezeka kwa halijoto, mambo ambayo yanatishia jiji la Mombasa na turathi ya Fort Jesus. Pia, mafuriko ya pwani, mmomonyoko katika fuko na kutoweka kwa mwamba tumbawe kumesababishwa na mabadiliko haya.
Uchumi wa Mombasa na nchi ya Kenya kwa jumla hutegemea sana bandari ya Mombasa. Bandari ya Mombasa ndio bandari kubwa zaidi katika ukanda wa Afrika Mashariki. Bidhaa nyingi hupitia hapo kutoka na kuingia ndani ya nchi. Bandari hii pia hutegemewa na nchi ya Uganda, Burundi, Sudani Kusini, Jamuhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo na Rwanda kupitisha bidhaa kama vile, mafuta.
Mombasa pia ni kituo kikuu cha utalii kwa sababu ya fuko zake zenye mchanga, Fort Jesus na Mji wa Kale. Baada ya mashambulizi kadhaa ya kigaidi katika miaka ya awali ya mwongo wa 2010 na Al Shabaab na vikundi vingine, utalii ulidorora. Nchi za Marekani, Uingereza, Ufaransa pamoja na nchi zingine za magharibi zilianza kutoa tahadhari za safari. Baada ya Operesheni Linda Nchi, na juhudi za polisi kukumbana na ugaidi, juhudi zinaelekezwa kuimarisha utalii tena. Pia, kuanzishwa kwa huduma ya reli mpya ya SGR kati ya Jiji la Mombasa na Nairobi, kumeongeza idadi ya watalii wa ndani.
Mnada wa Chai wa Mombasa ni mojawapo ya vituo vya unadi wa chai katika dunia. Mnada huu hunadi chai kutoka nchi za Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda Rwanda, Jamuhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, Malawi, Madagaska, Zambia na Zimbabwe. Kufikia mwaka wa 2017, ulikuwa soko ya pili kwa ukubwa ya uuzaji wa chai katika dunia.
Kaunti ya Mombasa ina maeneo bunge yafuatayo:
Magadi, Kenya

Magadi ni mji uliopo kando ya Ziwa Magadi upande wa mashariki, katika Bonde la Ufa la Afrika Mashariki. Pia mji wa Magadi upo kaskazini mashariki mwa Ziwa Natron in Tanzania.
Magadi ni kata ya Eneo bunge la Kajiado Magharibi, nchini Kenya.
Magadi ni makao makuu ya kaunti ndogo ya Magadi katika kaunti ya Kajiado. Kampuni ya Magadi Soda Company ipo katika mji huu.
Idadi ya watu wanaoishi Magadi ni 980 (sensa ya 1999) na kimo juu ya usawa wa bahari ni mita 595
Magadi imepata huduma za mtandao, na matumizi ya kompyuta, kwa njia ya Unite Nations Development Program-Kenya kwa ajili ya kompyuta zinazotumia nguvu ya jua. Mpango huu ulianza Julai 2002: na mwisho wa 2003, zaidi ya wakazi 10,000 (48%) walikuwa wametembelea vituo tano vya huduma za mtandao.
Mji wa Magadi ulitumiwa katika filamu ya Fernando Meirelles ya The Constant Gardener.
1°53′S 36°16′E﻿ / ﻿1.883°S 36.267°E﻿ / -1.883; 36.267
Chuo Kikuu cha Kilimo na Teknolojia cha Jomo Kenyatta

Chuo Kikuu cha Kilimo na Teknolojia cha Jomo Kenyatta (Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology - JKUAT) ni chuo kikuu cha umma kilicho karibu na jiji la Nairobi, Kenya. Chuo hiki kinapatikana mjini Juja, kilometa 36 Kaskazini Mashariki mwa Nairobi, katika barabara kuu ya Nairobi-Thika. Chuo hiki hutoa kozi katika Uhandisi, Sayansi, pamoja na Sanaa ya Uchoraji(Architecture) na Ujenzi (Construction). Chuo hiki kina nia imara ya utafiti katika maeneo ya teknolojia na uhandisi.
JKUAT ilianzishwa mnamo mwaka 1981 kama Chuo cha Kilimo na Teknolojia (JKCAT), ambacho kilikuwa chuo cha kiwango cha katikati kilichoanzishwa na Serikali ya Kenya kwa msaada kutoka kwa Serikali ya Japani. Mipango ya kuanzisha JKCAT ilianza mnamo mwaka wa 1977. Mapema mwaka wa 1978, rais wa Kenya, Jomo Kenyatta, alichangia hekta mia mbili za shamba kwa ajili ya uanzishwaji wa chuo hicho.
Kundi la kwanza la wanafunzi lilisajiliwa mnamo tarehe 4 Mei 1981. Rais mpya Daniel Arap Moi alikifungua rasmi chuo cha JKCAT mnamo tarehe 17 Machi 1982. Sherehe ya kwanza ya mahafali ilifanyika Aprili 1984 huku vyeti vya Diploma vikikabidhiwa kwa wahitimu katika Uhandisi wa Kilimo,teknnolojia ya chakula na bustani.
Mnamo Tarehe 1 Septemba 1988, Daniel Arap Moi, alitangaza JKCAT kuwa Chuo husika cha Kenyatta University kupitia kwa Notisi ya kisheria, chini ya kifungu cha Sheria cha Kenyatta University (CAP 210C). Jina la JKCAT lilipadilishwa rasmi na kuwa Jomo Kenyatta University College of Agriculture and Technology (JKUCAT). Hatimaye kilifahamika kama Chuo Kikuu kupitia kifungu cha sheria JKUAT cha 1994 na kuzinduliwa rasmi tarehe 7 Desemba 1994.
JKUAT ni mwenyeji wa African Institute on Capacity Development (AICAD). Chuo hiki kinajulikana kuwa chuo kikuu zaidi cha teknolojia nchini Kenya. Wahandisi wanaofuzu kutoka chuoni humo hung'ang'aniwa na waajiri wanaposaka ajira. Kufikia sasa Chuo hiki kina kampasi nne. Tawi kuu liko Juja. Matawi mengine ni Nairobi Campus, Karen Campus na Taita Taveta Campus.
Benki ya Dunia na Kenya

Benki ya Dunia imetoa msaada wa kifedha kwa miundombinu na mipango ya maendeleo nchini Kenya kuanzia Mei 1960.
Mradi wa kwanza wa Kenya ambao ulifadhiliwa na Benki ya Dunia ulikuwa Mradi wa Kilimo wa Afrika, Benki ya Dunia ilitoa kwa eneo lililokuwa koloni la Uingereza wakati huo dola milioni 5.6 kuwekeza katika miundombinu ambayo ilikuwa muhimu kukuza sekta ya kilimo ya Kenya.
Benki ya Dunia imelinda uhusiano wake na Kenya na inaendelea kufadhili miradi ya maendeleo. Kenya inapokea mikopo kutoka vyombo vya IDA na IBRD kama mawakala wa Benki ya Dunia ambayo imeundwa kusaidia nchi zenye kipato cha chini na cha kati. Benki ya Dunia imeelezea hadharani msaada wake kwa Ajenda ya 4 ya Rais Uhuru Kenyatta, ambayo inakusudia kukuza sekta ya uzalishaji za nchini Kenya wakati wa kuboresha upatikanaji wa huduma za afya, lishe, na makazi ya bei nafuu. Benki ya Dunia pia imeelezea kuunga mkono "Maono ya mwaka 2030" ya Kenya, ambayo ni mchoro wa maendeleo kugeuza Kenya kuwa taifa la mapato ya kati ifikapo 2030.
Mkurugenzi wa Benki ya Dunia katika nchi ya Kenya ni C. Felipe Jaramillo, pia anafanya kama mkurugenzi wa nchi ya Rwanda, Somalia, na Uganda. Benki ya Dunia imeongeza thamani ya kukopesha kwake Kenya katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, kutoka $ 623 milioni mwaka 2019 hadi $ 1.27 bilioni mwaka 2019.
Kaunti ya Makueni

Kaunti ya Makueni ni mojawapo ya kaunti za Kenya zilizopo baada ya katiba mpya ya Jamhuri ya Kenya kupatikana mwaka 2010.
Wakati wa sensa ya mwaka 2019 wakazi walikuwa 987,653 katika eneo la km2 8,169.8, msongamano ukiwa hivyo wa watu 121 kwa kilometa mraba.
Makao makuu yako Wote.
Kaunti ya Makueni imepakana na Machakos (kaskazini), Kitui (mashariki), Taita Taveta (kusini) na Kajiado (magaribi). Ni kaunti nusu kavu. Tabianchi hii huiwezesha Makueni kuzalisha maembe kwa muda mrefu kwa mwaka.
Mto Athi hupitia katika mpaka wa mashariki. Kulingana na utafiti uliofanywa na Chuo Kikuu cha Kilimo na Teknolojia cha Jomo Kenyatta, asilimia 39 ya Makueni ina maji chini ya ardhi.
Tambarare ya Yatta huwa katika kaskazini mwa kaunti. Vilima vya Chyulu na Mbuga ya Kitaifa ya Vilima vya Chyulu huwa kusini mwa kaunti.
Kaunti ya Makueni imegawanywa katika maeneo bunge yafuatayo:
Joyce Korir

Joyce Korir Chepkoech ni mbunge wa Kenya. Alichaguliwa akiwa mgombea wa Jubilee Party katika jimbo la Bomet , kaunti ya Bomet, kwenye mwaka 2017.
Chepkoech alihitimu elimu ya shahada ya utawala wa kuanti kwenye mwaka wa 2014 pale Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology.
Aliwahi kufanya kazi kama kiongozi wa wadi ya Bomet mwaka wa 2013.
Hali ya hewa nchini Colombia

Hali ya hewa ya Kolombia, ina sifa ya kuwa ya kitropiki na isothermal kutokana na eneo lake la kijiografia kuwa karibu na Ikweta inayowasilisha tofauti ndani ya maeneo matano asilia na kutegemea urefu, halijoto, unyevunyevu, upepo na mvua.
Kila eneo hudumisha halijoto ya wastani kwa mwaka mzima tu ikiwasilisha vigeuzo vinavyoamuliwa na mvua wakati wa msimu wa mvua unaosababishwa na Eneo la Muunganiko wa Kitropikii.
Ghuba ya Carpentaria

Ghuba ya Carpentaria (14°00′S 139°00′E﻿ / ﻿14.000°S 139.000°E﻿ / -14.000; 139.000) ni sehemu ya bahari kwenye kaskazini ya Australia. Pande za kusini, magharibi na mashariki iko Australia bara, upande wa kaskazini iko Bahari iliyopo baina ya Australia na Guinea Mpya. Kwenye kinywa chake, ghuba ina upana wa km 590, urefu wa kaskazini hadi kusini ni km 700.
Eneo la maji ni takribani km² 300,000. Maji yake huwa na kina kati ya mita 55 hadi 66, ingawa kuna sehemu zenye mita 82.
Ardhi karibu na ghuba kwa jumla ni tambarare bila miinuko mikubwa. Kisiwa kikubwa ndani yake inaitwa Groote Eylandt.
Tabianchi ni ya joto na unyevunyevu, kuna misimu miwili ya mwaka. Msimu mkavu hudumu kutoka Aprili hadi Novemba na una upepo mkavu sana kutoka mashariki. Msimu wa mvua huanza mwezi wa Disemba ukiendelea hadi Machi. Maeneo mengi kando ya ghuba hujaa mafuriko. Ghuba pia ni eneo la kuzaliana kwa vimbunga vya kitropiki kutoka Novemba na Aprili.
14°00′S 139°00′E﻿ / ﻿14.000°S 139.000°E﻿ / -14.000; 139.000
Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Pongara

Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Pongara ni mbuga ya taifa nchini Gabon karibu na mji mkuu wa Libreville, upande wa kusini wa Gabon na Bahari ya Atlantiki . Ina eneo la kilomita za mraba 929. Hifadhi hiyo inaundwa hasa na misitu yenye unyevunyevu ya kitropiki na misitu ya mikoko .
Hifadhi ya taifa ya Pongara iko upande wa kusini wa Gabon na ina eneo la ukubwa wa hektari 96,302. Mahali hapo pana misitu na ina anuwai ya makazi ikiwa ni pamoja na msitu wa mikoko, msitu wa kinamasi, msitu wa mito na msitu uliofurika kwa msimu. Pia kuna ukanda mrefu wa eneo la ufuo wa mchanga na savanna yenye nyasi. Mito kadhaa hutiririka kupitia kwenye hifadhi hiyo hadi kwenye mwalo wa maji, ikiwa ni pamoja na Mto Remboué, Mto Igombiné na Mto Gomgoué.
Hali ya hewa nchini Italia

Hali ya hewa nchini Italia, ni muundo wa hali ya hewa wa muda mrefu katika eneo la Jamhuri ya Italia. Hali ya hewa ya Italia huathiriwa na maji mengi ya Bahari ya Mediterania ambayo yanazunguka Italia kila upande isipokuwa kaskazini. Bahari hizi zinaunda hifadhi ya joto na unyevu kwa Italia. Ndani ya ukanda wa kusini wa hali ya hewa ya joto, huamua hali ya hewa fulani inayoitwa hali ya hewa ya Mediterania yenye tofauti za ndani kutokana na jiomofolojia ya eneo hilo, ambayo huelekea kufanya athari zake za kupunguza kuhisiwa, hasa katika hali ya shinikizo la juu.
Kwa sababu ya urefu wa peninsula na sehemu nyingi za ndani za milima, hali ya hewa ya Italia ni tofauti sana. Katika maeneo mengi ya bara kaskazini na kati, hali ya hewa ni kati ya zile za kitropiki zenye unyevu hadi bara na bahari yenye unyevunyevu. Hali ya hewa ya eneo la kijiografia ya bonde la Po huwa na unyevunyevu zaidi wa kitropiki, na majira ya baridi kali na majira ya joto. Maeneo ya pwani ya Liguria, Tuscany na sehemu kubwa ya Kusini kwa ujumla yanalingana na mtindo wa hali ya hewa wa Mediterania (uainishaji wa hali ya hewa wa Köppen).
Kati ya kaskazini na kusini kunaweza kuwa na tofauti kubwa ya joto, zaidi ya yote wakati wa majira ya baridi: katika baadhi ya siku za baridi inaweza kuwa -2 °C (28 °F) na theluji huko Milan, wakati ni 8 °C (46.4 ° C). F) huko Roma na 20 °C (68 °F) huko Palermo. Tofauti za joto katika msimu wa joto ni chini sana.
Hali ya hewa nchini Ghana

Hali ya hewa ya Ghana, ni hali ya hewa ya kitropiki. Ukanda wa pwani ya mashariki ni joto na kavu kwa kulinganisha na kona ya kusini-magharibi ya Ghana ni ya joto na unyevunyevu, na kaskazini mwa Ghana kuna joto na ukame.
Ghana iko kwenye Ghuba ya Guinea, digrii chache tu kaskazini mwa Ikweta, na kuipa hali ya hewa ya joto
Capnella

Capnella is a genus of soft corals in the family Nephtheidae. They are also commonly known as Kenya tree corals.
Capnella are arborescent, some species are lobed. Generally they are grey with brown polyps. Colour intensity is dependent on light intensity, the higher the intensity of light, the lighter colour of the coral. They form thick trunks with branches that closely resemble trees. In stronger currents they form flatter colonies with shorter branches.
Kenya Tree corals are widespread throughout the Indo-pacific region, from the African coast to the Western Pacific. They are found on coral reef slopes in clear water from deep to the shallows with strong tidal currents. Sometimes found in shadier places and on coral rubble in shallow water close to the shore.
They have symbiotic algae from which they obtain most of their nutrients.
Asexual reproduction has been observed. They form distinctive swellings at bottom of a branch which then drops off by fission at the swelling. The branch then secures to a new hold and forms a new colony. They can stick very quickly and will be firmly rooted within a day. Colonies can bend and reattach to the rock or by “creeping” and division at the base.
Apodytes dimidiata

Apodytes dimidiata (white pear or umDakane) is a bushy tree with white flowers bearing a fragrance reminiscent of fresh coconut, and small black and red fruits. It is usually about 5 m tall (but reaches a height of 20 m when growing in deep forest), and it is indigenous to Southern Africa. The taxonomical family placement for this and other Apodytes was uncertain; it is now placed in the Metteniusaceae. Its English common name is in reference to the timber which is similar in appearance to that of the European pear tree of the northern hemisphere.
In the open, this evergreen species grows as a tall shrub or small tree of about 5 m in height. However, in a more shady environment, such as deep afro-montane forest, it can reach a height of over 20 m. Its dense, shiny foliage is bright-green and it has smooth, gray bark. It frequently produces masses of tiny, white, bisexual blossoms which have a sweet fragrance. These are followed by strangely curved, black and scarlet berries. In South Africa this is officially a protected tree.
This is a very difficult tree to identify at first. In particular, it is often confused with Pterocelastrus rostratus, including at the First International Forestry Exhibition. The best identifying characteristics of Apodytes dimidiata are its petiole and young terminal branchlets which are a unique reddish colour.
Apodytes dimidiata is a prominent and common tree in South African forests. It grows naturally from Cape Town in the south, all the way along the east coast of southern Africa as far north as Kenya and inland as far as Gauteng. It is usually found in coastal thicket, afro-montane forest and mountainous bushveld.
The actual distribution has been difficult to determine due to large number of synonyms (about 30+) used for this particular species in various countries. According to the synonyms usage, it is thought that the species has much broader distribution than was thought earlier, and may spread towards the Indian subcontinent as well.
This tree's characteristics (evergreen attractive foliage; fruits that are not fleshy and therefore will not cause a mess; and a gentle non-invasive root system that will not damage paving) mean that Apodytes dimidiata is an ideal tree to plant around paved areas, near swimming pools, next to buildings, in small gardens and also anywhere that may need shade throughout the year.
The white pear is best propagated by seed, though germination is extremely slow. The seed takes about half a year to germinate and the young plants are also relatively slow growing. However, these trees grow very much faster as they become larger and more established.
Tropical rainforest climate

A tropical rainforest climate or equatorial climate is a tropical climate sub-type usually found within 10 to 15 degrees latitude of the equator. There are some other areas at higher latitudes, such as the coast of southeast Florida, United States, and Okinawa, Japan that fall into the tropical rainforest climate category. They experience high mean annual temperatures, small temperature ranges, and rain that falls throughout the year. Regions with this climate are typically designated Af by the Köppen climate classification. A tropical rainforest climate is typically hot, very humid, and wet with no dry season.
Tropical rainforests have a type of tropical climate (with an average temperature of at least 18 C or 64.4 F in their coldest month) in which there is no dry season—all months have an average precipitation value of at least 60 mm (2.4 in). There are no distinct wet or dry seasons as rainfall is high throughout the months. One day in a tropical rainforest climate can be very similar to the next, while the change in temperature between day and night may be larger than the average change in temperature during the year.
When tropical rainforest climates are more dominated by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) than the trade winds (and with no or rare cyclones), so usually located near the equator, they are also called equatorial climates. Otherwise, when they are more dominated by the trade winds than the ITCZ, they are called tropical trade-wind climates. In pure equatorial climates, the atmospheric pressure is almost constantly low so the horizontal pressure gradient is low. Consequently, the winds are rare and usually weak (except sea and land breezes in coastal areas) while in tropical trade-wind climates, often located at higher latitudes than the equatorial climates, the wind is almost permanent which incidentally explains why rainforest formations are impoverished compared to those of equatorial climates due to their necessary resistance to strong winds accompanying tropical disturbances.
Coconut milk powder

Coconut milk powder is a fine, white powder used in Southeast Asian and other cuisines. Coconut milk powder is manufactured through the spray drying process of raw unsweetened coconut cream and is reconstituted with water for use in recipes that call for coconut milk. Many commercially available coconut milk powders list milk or casein among their ingredients. Some coconut milk powder formulations may be unhealthy due to the addition of artificial ingredients, such as Maltodextrin, Sodium Caseinate, or Trisodium Phosphate. Maltodextrin consumption has been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. A 2012 study suggests that maltodextrin can alter the composition of your gut bacteria, potentially increasing your susceptibility to illness. It may inhibit the growth of probiotics in the digestive system, which are essential for supporting immune function. Maltodextrin is a type of carbohydrate that offers little to no nutritional benefits. Consuming it in large quantities may contribute to obesity. Eating too many foods containing sodium phosphate additives can raise phosphate levels in the body to an unhealthy level. Studies have linked high levels of phosphate with conditions such as heart disease, decreased bone density, premature aging, kidney issues, cancer and even early death.
Coconut palms in California

There have been only a few instances of coconut palms growing in the state of California, with the most well-known formerly located in Newport Beach, being a popular attraction for gardening enthusiasts. However, others have been reported in La Quinta and near the Salton Sea.
Coconut palms are not well-adapted to the Californian climate, with the coldness of the soil during the winter and the rain during that season significantly hindering their growth. Places in California that have the appropriate winter temperatures for the trees do not have high enough summer temperatures, weakening the palm due to the lack of sugar it can produce.
The dwarfed palm in Newport Beach was the northernmost outdoor coconut palm in the world and was planted in 1984, by a prior tenant of the building it stood by. It was located off California State Route 1 and almost touched the sidewalk. It was discovered by the International Palm Society members Bill Dickenson and Ralph Velez, who reached out to the business owners and informed them of its unusuality. The owners then contacted their gardeners and gave them specific instructions for the care of the tree. At one point, the tree started to develop the typical lean that the species commonly has, fostering concerns that the bend would bring it too far over the sidewalk. To solve this, Dickenson created a sling and wrapped it around the trunk, which, over time, pulled the tree back in the direction of the building. A small plaque accompanied the tree. The palm disappeared in 2015; the exact reason is unknown.
Rumors have spread online that the northernmost coconut palm in the world would actually be a specimen located inside the Orto Botanico di Palermo, but the rumor was unfounded. There has also been some conversation about a palm in Funchal in Madeira Island, which has a similar latitude.
A coconut palm was reported to be in an outdoor courtyard in La Quinta, being tall enough to be able to be seen from the street. It was transported from Hawaii. Some short-lived trees were also grown near the Salton Sea.
It appears that the slightly inland areas of Southern California may offer more favorable conditions than the coastline. In addition to the ones mentioned above, there have also been videos of palms in Santa Ana and Del Mar.
A specimen was recently discovered in a garden in Mesa, Arizona, which seems to indicate that other particularly warm areas of the Southwest may also have microclimates particularly favorable for outdoor cultivation of these palms.
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (TSMF), also known as tropical moist forest, is a subtropical and tropical forest habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).
TSMF is generally found in large, discontinuous patches centered on the equatorial belt and between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn. TSMF are characterized by low variability in annual temperature and high levels of rainfall of more than 2,000 mm (79 in) annually. Forest composition is dominated by evergreen and semi-deciduous tree species.
These forests are home to more species than any other terrestrial ecosystem on Earth: Half of the world's species may live in these forests, where a square kilometer may be home to more than 1,000 tree species. These forests are found around the world, particularly in the Indo-Malayan Archipelago, the Amazon Basin, and the African Congo Basin.
The perpetually warm, wet climate makes these environments more productive than any other terrestrial environment on Earth and promotes explosive plant growth. A tree here may grow over 23 m (75 ft) in height in just 5 years. From above, the forest appears as an unending sea of green, broken only by occasional, taller "emergent" trees. These towering emergents are the realm of hornbills, toucans, and the harpy eagle.
Generally, biodiversity is highest in the forest canopy. The canopy can be divided into five layers: overstory canopy with emergent crowns, a medium layer of canopy, lower canopy, shrub level, and finally understory.
The canopy is home to many of the forest's animals, including apes and monkeys. Below the canopy, a lower understory hosts snakes and big cats. The forest floor, relatively clear of undergrowth due to the thick canopy above, is stalked by other animals such as gorillas and deer.
All levels of these forests contain an unparalleled diversity of invertebrate species, including New Guinea's stick insects and butterflies that can grow over 30 cm (1 ft) in length.
Many forests are being cleared for farmland, while others are subject to large-scale commercial logging. An area the size of Ireland is destroyed every few years.
The biome includes several types of forests:
A number of TSMF ecoregions are notable for their biodiversity and endemism:
Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands is a terrestrial biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. The biome is dominated by grass and/or shrubs located in semi-arid to semi-humid climate regions of subtropical and tropical latitudes. Tropical grasslands are mainly found between 5 degrees and 20 degrees in both North and south of the Equator.
Grasslands are dominated by grasses and other herbaceous plants. Savannas are grasslands with scattered trees. Shrublands are dominated by woody or herbaceous shrubs.
Large expanses of land in the tropics do not receive enough rainfall to support extensive tree cover. The tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands are characterized by rainfall levels between 90–150 centimetres (35–59 in) per year. Rainfall can be highly seasonal, with the entire year's rainfall sometimes occurring within a couple of weeks.
African savannas occur between forest or woodland regions and grassland regions. Flora includes acacia and baobab trees, grass, and low shrubs. Acacia trees lose their leaves in the dry season to conserve moisture, while the baobab stores water in its trunk for the dry season. Many of these savannas are in Africa.
Large mammals that have evolved to take advantage of the ample forage typify the biodiversity associated with these habitats. These large mammal faunas are richest in African savannas and grasslands. The most intact assemblages currently occur in East African Acacia savannas and Zambezian savannas consisting of mosaics of miombo, mopane, and other habitats. Large-scale migration of tropical savanna herbivores, such as wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and zebra (Equus quagga), are continuing to decline through habitat alteration and hunting. They now only occur to any significant degree in East Africa and the central Zambezian region. Much of the extraordinary abundance of Guinean and Sahelian savannas has been eliminated, although the large-scale migrations of Ugandan Kob still occur in the savannas in the Sudd region. The Sudan type of climate is characterized by an alternating hot and rainy season, and a cool and dry season. In the Northern Hemisphere, the hot rainy season normally begins in May and lasts until September. Rainfall varies from 25 cm to 150 cm and is usually unreliable. The rest of the year is cool and dry. Rainfall decreases as one goes either towards North in Northern Hemisphere or South in the Southern Hemisphere. Drought is very common.
Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands occur on all continents but Antarctica. They are widespread in Africa, and are also found all throughout South Asia and Southeast Asia, the northern parts of South America and Australia, and the southern United States.
Vigna hosei

Vigna hosei, also known as the sarowak bean, is a perennial legume that grows in low-lying, humid, tropical areas but more commonly disturbed or roadside areas.
Vigna hosei is a twining or creeping legume, often forming a thick ground cover. Its leaflets are ovate to elliptic, with thin, long hairs on both sides. The terminal leaflet is 3–7.5 cm (1.2–3.0 in) by 2–5 cm (0.79–1.97 in). The pod is 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in) long, black, and generally containing one to three seeds. Its flowers are yellow and 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) by 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in). The pedicel is 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) long and expands as the pod matures. The bracteoles are 1 cm (0.39 in) long and 1-nerved, and the calyx is slightly pubescent.
Besides producing normal flowers and pods, Vigna hosei also produces some flowers which remain concealed under a thick carpet of half-decayed leaves, originating from the plant itself, and which are set on a 2.5–6 cm (0.98–2.36 in) long pale stalk. These other flowers in a ripe state are very yellow, finely and quite densely pubescent, and have one to two seeds. They are generally 1–1.5 cm (0.39–0.59 in) long.
Vigna hosei is native to Taiwan, Indonesia, and Malaysia in tropical southeast Asia. It is also widely cultivated and has become naturalized in tropical Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Mozambique, and Madagascar), Australia, the US states of Florida and Hawaii, and in the Caribbean.
It often forms thick ground cover and is found in grass at roadsides and in disturbed habitats or wastelands, on damp ground and on sandy loam from 20–200 m (66–656 ft) above sea level in Africa and anywhere under 500 m (1,600 ft) above sea level in southeast Asia.
It requires 2,500 mm (98 in) of annual rainfall, and due to its shallow root system it can withstand flooding but not drought. One of its most outstanding characteristics is its persistence under shade, but full sunlight is required for good seed production. It can grow in a wide range of soils but prefers acidic soils of pH 4.9 or less.
As a cover crop, Vigna hosei is susceptible to the fungus disease Rhizoctonia solani, which causes wilting of large patches of leaves. Wet weather favors the spread of the disease. Vigna hosei is also one of many plants able to be infected by the cucumber mosaic virus.
Vigna hosei is used as a green manure and ground cover crop in young tree plantations as well as in rubber, tea, and coconut plantations. Its seedling growth is vigorous, and young plants quickly suppress weed growth, forming a thick mat of growth with a dense leaf litter, which protects the soil from erosion and prevents the ingress of weeds. Its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen enriches the soil and promotes the growth of the trees. Due to its persistence under shade, the plant can enrich a mixture of leguminous covers for young plantation trees. It is also used as an animal forage and is tolerant to heavy grazing.
Bansh

Bansh (Mongolian: Банш) is a type of traditional Mongolian dumpling commonly prepared and consumed across Mongolia. It is similar to buuz, another popular Mongolian dumpling, but differs in size and preparation method. While buuz is typically steamed, bansh is smaller and often boiled or cooked in soups.
Bansh is made using dough and a filling. The dough is prepared from flour, water, and sometimes a pinch of salt, then rolled into thin sheets and cut into small circles. The filling usually consists of minced meat—commonly mutton or beef—mixed with onions, garlic, salt, and black pepper. Once the filling is placed on the dough, the edges are pinched together to form small, sealed dumplings.
There are two primary ways to cook bansh:
Bansh is an integral part of Mongolian cuisine and is often prepared for family gatherings, celebrations, or as a comfort food during the cold winters. It is also a common dish for everyday meals due to its simplicity and versatility.
There are regional variations of bansh in Mongolia, with differences in the filling and cooking methods depending on local ingredients and culinary traditions. For example, some versions may include herbs or vegetables in the filling.
List of dumplings

This is a list of notable dumplings. Dumpling is a broad class of dishes that consist of pieces of dough (made from a variety of starch sources) wrapped around a filling, or of dough with no filling. The dough can be based on bread, flour or potatoes, and may be filled with meat, fish, cheese, vegetables, fruits or sweets. Dumplings may be prepared using a variety of methods, including baking, boiling, frying, simmering or steaming and are found in many world cuisines. Some definitions rule out baking and frying to exclude items like fritters and other pastries that are generally not regarded as dumplings by most individuals.