davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Payment service provider

A payment service provider (PSP) is a third-party company that allows businesses to accept electronic payments, such as credit card and debit card payments. PSPs act as intermediaries between those who make payments, i.e. consumers, and those who accept them, i.e. retailers.
They will often provide merchant services and act as a payment gateway or payment processor for e-commerce and brick and mortar businesses. They may also offer risk management services for card and bank based payments, transaction payment matching, digital wallets, reporting, fund remittance, currency exchange and fraud protection. The PSP will typically provide software to integrate with e-commerce websites or point of sale systems.
PSPs establish technical connections with acquiring banks and card networks, enabling merchants to accept different payment methods without the need to partner with a particular bank. They fully manage payment processing and external network relationships, making the merchant less dependent on banking institutions.
PSP can also offer risk management services for card and bank based payments, transaction payment matching, reporting, fund remittance and fraud protection. Some PSPs provide services to process other next generation methods (payment systems) including cash payments, wallets, prepaid cards or vouchers, and even paper or e-check processing.
PSP fees are typically charged in one of two ways: as a percentage of each transaction, or as a fixed cost per transaction.
US-based online payment service providers are supervised by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (or FinCEN), a bureau of the United States Department of the Treasury that collects and analyzes information about financial transactions in order to combat money laundering, terrorist financiers, and other financial crimes.
European payment service providers are supervised based on the European Payment Services Directive.
Each merchant remains responsible for his own actions and must accordingly ensure that the selected provider observes the guidelines, e.g. with regard to data protection. Compliance with PCI DSS guidelines is important. There are four levels of PCI compliance, that must be respected by the PSP. Depending on the volume of transactions as well as other details about the level of risk assessed by payment brands, the payment service provider has to follow higher standards.
The levels are as follows:
As of 2022, there were more than 900 payment providers in the world. More than 300 offer services just for Europe and North America. The global payment service provider market is expected to reach $US88 billion by 2027 from $US40 billion in 2019.
In 2010, the People's Bank of China issued administrative measures regarding online non-financial payment services. These measures retroactively recognized the legal status of online third-party payment platforms like Alipay. Prior to the 2010 measures, these services existed in a legal grey area.
Texas Independence Day

Texas Independence Day is the celebration of the adoption of the Texas Declaration of Independence on March 2, 1836. With this document, signed by 59 delegates, settlers in Mexican Texas officially declared independence from Mexico and created the Republic of Texas.
It is not, however, an official state holiday whereby offices are closed, but instead a "partial staffing holiday": state offices are required to be open on that day but with reduced staffing.
Texas Independence day is a celebration of the adoption of the Texas Declaration of Independence. 59 Delegates signed the document in Washington on the Brazos, which is now referred to as the “birthplace of Texas,” and it made Mexican Texas into the Republic of Texas free from Mexican political influence. The Texas Declaration of Independence was based largely on the ideas of self government and natural rights from the American Declaration of Independence as well as the ideas of John Locke and other enlightenment figures.
The Declaration was in response to the Mexican Government and was issued during the Texas revolution.
The Convention President, Richard Ellis, appointed a committee to draft a declaration of Independence, and the committee chairman, George Childress, is credited with the authorship of the Texas Declaration of Independence with some help from the other committee members.
The day after the committee was created the Declaration was given to the convention to sign and over the following days 59 delegates for each of the settlements came to vote on the Declaration, and it was unanimously approved.
Today, Texas Independence Day is celebrated on March second every year and it honors the adoption of the Texas Declaration of Independence passed in 1836 by a convention of settlers in the Texan area and it includes many forms of entertainment. The biggest celebrations on Texas Independence Day include historical reenactments and visits to major museums and memorials of famous battles and events in the Texan Revolution for Independence from Mexico. This includes battles such as the Battle of San Jacinto and the Alamo, as well as celebrations of Texan culture and life during the time of the revolution. Other celebrations of Texan culture are readings of famous Texan poems. Other events include a parade in Austin Texas as well as racing events and competitions in honor of Texas Independence Day. Rodeos are also held in Texas to celebrate the day as it pertains to Texan culture. Some firework displays are also present on this day. Events can also include music from live concerts along with performances and games such as Texas hold 'em. Other competitions include food competitions such as Chili cook offs and cigar rolling to celebrate the day, and in many restaurants and events, Texan food is served. Texans also participate in drinking and alcohol in Texas in honor of the day as well, and some stores also have sales and sweepstakes to honor the day. One notable celebration is in Huntsville Texas where visitors can be baptized a Texan by kneeling in front of Sam Houston's memorial and receive pond water across their forehead.
Telangana State Election Commission

The Telangana State Election Commission officially, State Election Commission of Telangana, is an autonomous, independent Constitutional and Statutory authority of Telangana. It was formed under the Constitution of India as per the provisions of the 73rd and 74th Amendments Acts of 1992. All Local Body elections of Telangana are conducted by this agency.
The Election Commission is headed by a State Election Commissioner appointed by the Governor of Telangana. State Election Commissioner holds his term for six years or attains the age of 62, whichever is earlier. Usually, Commissioners are appointed in the rank of Principal Secretary to Govt. of Telangana.The State Election Commissioner of Telangana is Partha Sarathi Garu
The Election Commission monitors the work relating to the conduct of General Elections and Bye-Elections local bodies within the state sanctioned by 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment acts.
Elections to the Rural and Urban bodies of Telangana are held by both direct and indirect elections. The sole controlling authority rests on the Telangana State Election Commission.
Electoral rolls are as per the electoral rolls of Telangana Legislative Assembly constituency. Polling stations are then identified based on the rolls. Following the notification for elections, similar norms followed as for the assembly elections.
Elections to the following posts are held by this commission by Direct election.
The urban bodies consists of Municipal Corporations, Municipalitiess.
Indirect elections are held for the following positions: After the assumption of charge by the elected candidates, Indirect elections are held in the allocated time by the local bodies.
Chairperson and vice-chairpersons in Zilla Parishad by ZPTC members.
MPP’s [ Mandal Praja Parishad Presidents] by MPTC members.
Kim Atienza

Si Alejandro Ilagan "Kim" Atienza (ipinanganak Enero 24, 1967), mas kilala bilang Kuya Kim, ay isang host sa telebisyon, artista at dating politiko. Siya ang kasalukuyang nagbabalita ng lagay ng panahon sa "Weather-Weather Lang" na isang bahagi ng TV Patrol ng ABS-CBN. Pagkatapos na maging politiko sa loob ng labing-dalawang taon, naglingkod si Atienza bilang konsehal ng ika-5 distrito ng Maynila ng tatlong termino.
Tatay ni Atienza si Lito Atienza at kapatid naman si Ali Atienza na parehong politiko.
Lito Atienza

Si José Livioko Atienza, Jr. (ipinanganak noong 10 Agosto 1941) ay isang politiko sa Pilipinas. Nanilbihang alkalde ng Maynila mula 1998–2007 at dating naging kalihim ng Kagawaran ng Kapaligiran at Likas na Yaman.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Talambuhay at Pilipinas ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Ariel Rojas

Si John Ariel Rojas, ay isang Weather man espesyalista ng PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration), Taon 2017 ay nakikita at nag-uulat sa ahensya ng PAGASA, Siya ay pumalit sa TV Patrol Meteorologist na si Kim Atienza noong ika Disyembre 13, 2021.
Si Rojas ay kasalukuyang nasusubaybayan sa ahensya ng PAGASA at sa Weather Weather Lang! sa TV Patrol, at kasalukuyang nakasalang sa Weather Specialist II at Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical Astronomical Services Administration.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
24 Oras

Ang 24 Oras (Bente Kwatro Oras) ay ang kasalukuyang pangunahing palabas pambalita sa telebisyon ng GMA Network sa Pilipinas at naisasahimpapawid sa buong mundo sa GMA Pinoy TV. Napapakinggan din ang 24 Oras sa pamamagitan ng Super Radyo DZBB at ng mga himpilan nito sa buong bansa at napapanood din sa Facebook at YouTube account ng GMA News. Simulcast din sa GTV Channel 27 (DWDB-TV).
Kasalukuyan itong pinapangunahan nina Mel Tiangco, Vicky Morales at Emil Sumangil tuwing Lunes hanggang Biyernes at nina Pia Arcangel at Ivan Mayrina tuwing Sabado at Linggo.
Napapanood din ito oras-oras sa pamamagitan ng 24 Oras News Alert/ Breaking News bulletins na pinapangunahan ng iba't ibang mga tagapagbalita ng GMA News.
2004
Nagsimula ang 24 Oras, sa ideya ni Felipe L. Gozon, chairman ng GMA, na pagtambalin sina Mel Tiangco ng Frontpage, at Mike Enriquez ng Saksi.
Ganap na nagsimula ang 24 Oras noong Marso 15, 2004, halos 2 buwan bago ang Pambansang halalan noong 2004. Sumali din sa Newscast si Pia Guanio para sa Showbiz segment nito.
2010 - 24 ORAS WEEKEND
Noong Pebrero 21, 2010, nagsimula ang 24 Oras Weekend, ang mga naging tagapagbalita nito ay sina Jiggy Manicad at Pia Arcangel.
2014
Noong 2014, sumali si Vicky Morales sa 24 Oras, kasabay nito ay Nagrebrand ang nasabing newscast noong Nobyembre 10, 2014.
2020 - 2023
Noong 2020, umalis pansamantala ang mga orihinal na tagapagbalita ng 24 Oras, dahil sa COVID-19.
Noong August 12, 2022, umalis si Mike Enriquez sa newscast, Upang tutukan ang kaniyang kalusugan. Subalit, siya ay namatay noong Agosto 29, 2023.
Noong December 18, 2023, Nagrebrand ito patungo sa GMA Integrated News graphics, na ang nasa OBB ay sina Mel Tiangco, Vicky Morales, at Emil Sumangil.
2024 - IKA-20 TAON
Noong Marso 15, 2024, Ipinagdiwang ang ika-20 Anibersaryo ng 24 Oras, at Ibinalita ang mga mahahalagang Kaganapan sa pilot broadcast nito.
Weekday Edition
Weekdays
Weekends
Hong Seok-cheon

Si Hong Seok-cheon (홍석천, 洪錫天, ipinanganak Pebrero 3, 1971) ay isang artista, dating modelo, may-ari ng restawran at kasapi ng Partido Demokratiko sa Paggawa sa bansang Timog Korea. Noong 2000, lumabas siya at ipinahayag na siya ay isang bakla, at nanatiling bilang ang pinakakilalang hayag na bakla sa Korea. Noong 2018, binunyag niya siya ay ikatlong pinsan ni Taeyong ng NCT.
Si Hong Seok-cheon ay ipinanganak sa Cheongyang County sa South Chungcheong Province. Sinimulan niya ang kanyang karera sa paglilibang bilang isang lalaking modelo, at ginawa ang kanyang screen debut noong 1994 bilang isang reporter para sa Live TV Information Center. Noong 1995, nanalo siya ng bronze prize sa KBS Comedian Festival (para sa mga mag-aaral sa kolehiyo). Dahil sa kanyang kagalingan at komiks, nagpunta si Hong sa isang masiglang karera sa South Korean television, na lumalabas sa mga programang pambata at iba't-ibang palabas, gayundin sa mga sitcom at sa mga dramas.
Gampaning pangkasarian

Ang mga gampaning pangkasarian o gampaning seksuwal ay ang pangkat ng mga pamantayang ng pag-uugali at panlipunan na itinuturing na akma o angkop sa lipunan para sa mga indibiduwal ng isang partikular na kasarian na nasa diwa ng isang partikular na kultura, na malawak na nagkakaiba-iba sa pagitan ng mga kalinangan at sa loob ng mga kapanahunan. May mga pagkakaiba ng opinyon kung ang napapansing mga pagkakaiba sa mga katangian ng kaasalan at katauhan o personalidad ay, kahit na bahagi lamang, ay dahil sa mga bagay na pangkultura o panglipunan, kaya ang produkto ng mga karanasan sa pakikisalamuha o sosyalisasyon, o kung hanggang saan ang mga kaibahang ito na pangkasarian ay dulot ng mga pagkakaibang pambiyolohiya at pampisyolohiya.
Ang mga pananaw hinggil sa pagkakaiba o diperensiyasyon na nakabatay sa kasarian sa pook ng hanapbuhay at sa mga pakikipag-ugnayan sa ibang tao ay kadalasang napasailalim sa marubdob na mga pagbabago bilang resulta ng mga impluwensiyang peminista at/o ekonomika, subalit mayroon pa ring mga kaibahang maisasaalang-alang sa mga gampaning pangkasarian sa halos lahat ng mga lipunan. Totoo rin na sa panahon ng mga pangangailangan, katulad ng habang may digmaan o iba pang emerhensiya, ang mga babae ay pinapayagang magsagawa ng mga tungkulin na sa "normal" mga panahon ay itinuturing na gampaning panlalaki, o kaya ay kabaligtaran nito, ang mga lalaki ay makapagsasagawa naman ng mga gampaning pambabae.
Ang kasarian ay mayroong ilang mga kahulugan. Karaniwan itong tumutukoy sa isang pangkat ng mga katangian na itinuturing na mapagkakakilanlan sa pagitan ng lalaki at ng babae, makapagpapasalamin ng kasariang pambiyolohiya ng isang tao, o makapagpasalamin ng katauhang pangkasarian ng isang tao. Ang katauhang pangkasarian ay ang (mga) katangian, o kawalan nito, na napagkakakilanlan ng sarili ng isang tao bilang siya; hindi ito nangangailangang nakabatay sa kasariang pambiyolohiya, na maaaring tunay o nahihiwatigan o nararamdaman, at kaiba ito mula sa kamulatang seksuwal. Ito ay isang panloob at pansarili o personal na pakiramdam ng pagiging isang lalaki o isang babae (o pagiging isang batang lalaki o batang babae) ng isang tao. Mayroon dalawang pangunahing mga kasarian: ang maskulino (lalaki), o peminino (babae), bagaman may ilang mga kultura na kumikilala sa mas marami pang mga kasarian. Ang androhinya, halimbawa, ay iminungkahi bilang isang pangatlong kasarian. May ilang mga lipunan na mayroong mahigit sa limang mga kasarian, at ilang mga lipunang hindi Kanluranin ay mayroong tatlong mga kasarian - lalaki, babae, at ikatlong kasarian. Ang ekspresyon ng kasarian (himanting ng kasarian, pagpapahayag ng kasarian, pagpapadama ng kasarian, o pagpapamalas ng kasarian, gender expression sa Ingles) ay ang panlabas na manipestasyon (pagpapatotoo at pagpapakita) ng katauhang pangkasarian ng isang tao, sa pamamagitan ng "maskulino," "peminino," ibang kasarian (gender-variant) o neutral na kasariang pag-uugali, pananamit, ayos ng buhok, at mga katangian ng katawan.
Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Kentucky

Ang Kentucky ay isang estado na matatagpuan sa Katimugang Estados Unidos. May 425 aktibong lungsod sa estado.
Mula noong Enero 1, 2015, nahahati sa dalawang uri ang mga lungsod sa Kentucky batay sa kanilang uri ng pamahalaan:
Nagsimulang umiral ang sistemang ito noong Enero 1, 2015, kasunod ng pagpasa ng Pangkalahatang Kapulungan ng Kentucky ng House Bill 331 noong 2014, at ang paglagda ni Gobernador Steve Beshear sa nasabing panukalang-batas. Bago ang taong 2015, ang mga kaurian ay:
Pindutin ang mga dobleng tatsulok sa itaas ng kolum upang iayos ang nilalaman ng talahanayan batay sa mga nakasaad sa kolum na yaon.
Punong lungsod ng kondado
Partido Demokrata (Estados Unidos)

Ang Partido Demokrata (Ingles: Democratic Party) ay isa sa dalawang pangunahing kontemporaneong partidong pampolitika sa Estados Unidos. Itinatag noong 1828, kalakhan itong itinatag ni Martin Van Buren, na nagtipon ng malawak na kadre ng mga politiko sa bawat estado sa likod ng bayani ng digmaan na si Andrew Jackson, na ginagawa itong pinakamatandang aktibong partidong pampolitika sa mundo. Ang pangunahing karibal nito sa politika ay ang Partido Republikano mula noong 1850s. Ang partido ay kilala bilang isang malaking tolda, na may sentrista, konserbatibo, liberal, at progresibong mga paksiyon sa ideolohiya. Ang partido ay tradisyonal na hindi gaanong pare-pareho sa ideolohiya kaysa sa Partidong Republikano (na may mga pangunahing indibidwal sa loob nito na madalas na may malawak na magkakaibang pananaw sa politika) dahil sa mas malawak na talaan ng mga natatanging bloke ng pagboto na bumubuo nito.
Ang makasaysayang hinalinhan ng Partido Demokrata ay itinuturing na partido Demokrata-Republikano. Bago ang 1860, sinuportahan ng Partido Demokrata ang makapangyarihang ehekutibong pamamahala, ang kapangyarihang aalipin, agraryanismo, ekspansiyonismo, at Manifiesto ng Kapalaran. Matindi nitong tinutulan ang pagtatatag ng isang pambansang bangko, proteksyonismo, at ang mga pananaw ng kanilang mga katunggali sa partido Pambansang Republikano at partido Whig, na kabaligtaran ay pumabor sa mga konserbatibong prinsipyo, pangingibabaw ng kongreso sa paggawa ng batas, at malakas na proteksiyon laban sa mayoritaryanismo.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Maling banggit (May <ref> tag na ang grupong "lower-alpha", pero walang nakitang <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag para rito); $2
Lakas–CMD

Ang Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats (literal sa Tagalog: Lakas–Mga Demokratang Kristiyano at Muslim), pinapaikli bilang Lakas–CMD at kilala din bilang Lakas lamang, ay isang partidong pampolitika sa Pilipinas. Tinuturing ang Lakas–CMD na nasa gitnang-kaliwa ng espektrong pampolitika at naiimpluwensiyahan ng demokrasyang Kristiyano at demokrasyang Islam. Simula noong halalang 2022, ang Lakas–CMD ay ang pinakamalaking partido sa Kamara de Representante, na ang pangulo ng partido, si Martin Romualdez, ang nagsisilbing Ispiker ng Kamara. Dominanteng kasapi ang partido ng UniTeam Alliance (literal: Alyansang UniKoponan) na pinamumunuan ni Pangulong Bongbong Marcos.
Isa sa miyembro ng Lakas–CMD, si Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, ang naging pangulo, na nakaluklok na sa puwesto nang nabuo ang partido noong 2009, at isang kasapi naman ang naging pangalawang pangulo, si Sara Duterte, na nahalal noong 2022.
Nagsanib noong 2009 ang orihinal na Lakas–CMD (na itinatag noong 1991) sa Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino (KAMPI), na binuo ang Lakas Kampi CMD. Bumalik sa orihinal na pangalan ang partido at nawala sa pangalan ang KAMPI. Nangyari ito pagkatapos kumalas ang maraming kasapi at binuo ang National Unity Party (literal: Partido ng Pambansang Pagkakaisa).
Pagkatapos ng halalan ng 2010, nahati ang partido sa parehong bloke ng mayorya at minorya. Noong 2013, sinuporta ng Lakas ang karamihan ng mga kandidato ng koalisyong oposisyon na United Nationalist Alliance (Alyansa ng Nagkakaisang Nasyonalista), bagaman hati pa rin ang partido. Pagkatapos ng halalan ng 2016, sumali ang partido sa mayorya na pinangungunahan ng PDP–Laban, ang partido ng nanalong kandidato sa pagkapangulo, si Rodrigo Duterte. Noong 2019, sumali ang partido sa alyansang Hugpong ng Pagbabago. Pagkatapos ng halalan ng 2022, nanalo ang kandidato ng Lakas sa pagkapangalawang pangulo ng bansa at pinalitan ang PDP–Laban bilang ang pinakamalaking partido sa Kongreso, na naging mayorya.
Noong 2010, kumalas ang ilang mga kasapi ng Lakas-Kampi-CMD at itinatag ang National Unity Party (NUP) (Filipino: Partido ng Pambansang Pagkakaisa).
Nobyembre 14

Ang Nobyembre 14 ay ang ika-318 na araw sa kalendaryong Gregoryano (ika-319 kung bisyestong taon) na may natitira pang 47 na araw.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Araw ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Namatay noong 2010

Ang sumusunod ay talaan ng mga mahalagang namatay noong 2010. Kalimitan ang mga paglalahok ay ayon sa pagkakasunod-sunod na :
Para sa mga nauna pang kamatayan, tingnan Namatay noong 2009, Namatay noong 2008, Namatay noong 2007, Namatay noong 2006, Namatay noong 2005, Namatay noong 2004, Namatay noong 2003, Namatay noong 2002....
Merceditas Gutierrez

Si Ma. Merceditas Navarro Gutierrez ay isang dating opisyal ng pamahalaan ng Pilipinas at isang dating ombudsman ng Pilipinas. Siya ay dalawang beses na kalihim ng Philippine Justice Department noong 2002 at 2004. Siya ay naging Ombudsman noong 1 Disyembre 2005 bilang unang babae sa posisyong ito. Noong 22 Marso 2011, ang House of Representatives ay bumoto upang iimpeach si Gutierrez. Kanyang inanunsiyo ang kanyang pagbibitiw sa pwesto noong 29 Abril 2011 na nagkaepekto noong May 6, 2011.
Noong Marso 2009, ang dating pangulo ng Senado na si Jovito Salonga at iba pang mga pangkat ay naghain ng kasong impeachment sa harap ng Kongreso ng Pilipinas laban kay Gutierrez dahil sa sinasabing maling paghawak niya sa mga kaso. Ang reklamo ay kalaunang itinakwil.
Noong 22 Hulyo 2010, ang isang bagong reklamong impeachment ay inihain laban kay Gutierrez ni Risa Hontiveros-Baraquel, Brigadier General Danilo Lim at Evelyn Pestano sa basehan ng ilegal, hindi nararapat at hindi maiging paghawak sa mga kaso. Noong Agosto 201, ang isa pang reklamong impeachment ay inihain ng Bagong Alyansang Makabayan laban kay Gutierrez para sa kanyang kawalang pagkilos sa Fertilizer Fund scam, Euro Generals scandal at Mega Pacific scandal. Noong 10 Marso 2011, nirekomiyenda ng Senate Blue Ribbon Committee ang impeachment at pagbibitiw ni Guitierrez bilang Ombudsman gayundin ang pagpapatalsik ng mga kasapi ng Office of the Special Prosecutor para sa pagpapabaya, pagpapahina at pagpapasalimuot ng kasong plunder laban sa dating comptroller ng militar na si Maj. Gen. Carlos Garcia at kanyang pamilya. Noong 22 Marso 2011, ang House of Representatives ay bumoto na iimpeach si Gutierrez sa mga kaso ng pagtatraydor ng pagtitiwala ng publiko. Ang 210 ng mga representative ay bumoto para sa impeachment, 46 laban sa impeachment at 4 na nangilin. Ang boto ng 2/4 ng lahat ng mga senador o 16 ay kailangan upang hatulan si Gutierrez at patalsikin sa pwesto. Gayunpaman, si Gutierrez ay nagbitiw noong 29 Abril 2011 na kumakansela sa impeachment ng Senado.
Konstelasyon

Ang isang konstelasyon o talampad ay isang pangkat o kapisanan ng mga tala at mga bituin, na karaniwang mayroong isang makikilalang kahugisan o padron. Dahil sa pagkakasama-sama o pagkakapangkat-pangkat na ito, ang mga bituing kasapi sa isang talampad ay parang isang larawan. Samantala, ang salitang "konstelasyon" ay nagmula sa mga salitang Latin na con- na may ibig sabihing "magkasama" at stella- na ang ibig sabihin ay "mga bituin". Ang ilan sa mga halimbawa ng mga talampad ay ang Ursa Mayor, Orion, at Andromeda.
Ginagamit ng mga tao ang mga talampad upang masabi ang pagkakaiba ng mga kulay. Ang iba't ibang mga lugar sa mundo ay mayroong iba't ibang mga talampad, subalit sa kasalukuyan mayroon nang itinakda ang astronomiya na 88 talampad. Ang katakdaang ito ay nakabatay mula sa Griyegong kapangkatan at pagdaka ay nadagdagan ng ilang mga talampad pangtimog; halimbawa na ang Antlia - na may bansag na "bomba ng hangin". Karamihan sa mga talampad ay mayroong mga pangalan na nagmula sa mitolohiyang Griyego, katulad ng Orion at Andromeda.
Mayroong 12 mga talampad sa Zodiac. Ang Araw ay naglalakbay na lumalagos sa Zodiac nang isang ulit bawat taon. Mayroon ding ika-13 talampad: ang Ophiuchus - ang tagapagdala ng isang ahas, na nilalagusan ng Araw. Subalit, hindi iniisip ng karamihan sa mga tao na ito ay nasa loob ng Zodiac.
Walang nakakaalam kung sino ang unang nakakita sa mga talampad. Ang sinaunang mga kabihasnan, katulad ng mga Mayano, ay gumuhit ng sarili nilang mga mapa ng bituin ng kalangitan na mayroong mga talampad, na napakakaunti na sa mga ito ang ginagamit na ng mga tao sa kasalukuyang kapanahunan. Ang 48 na talampad ni Ptolomeo ay kinikilala pa rin sa ngayon ng IAU. Ang natitira pang mga talampad ay naidagdag na lamang noong bandang huli.
Ayon sa pananaliksik ng manunulat na si Dimacali (2018), ang salitang "talampad" ay lumabas sa mga tala ng prayleng namuhay noong ika-17 dantaon na si Juan de Plasencia bilang salitang pantukoy ng mga Pilipino noong panahong iyon sa mga konstelasyon o pangkat ng mga bituwin na bumubuo ng isang partikular na padron o hugis. Muling ginamit ang salitang ito ng pioneer ng etnoastronomiya sa Pilipinas na si Dante Ambrosio (2001) bilang salin ng salitang "constellation" sa wikang Filipino sa kanyang aklat na "Balatik Etnoastronomiya: Kalangitan sa Kabihasnang Pilipino." Kumpara rito, ang salitang "talanyo" naman ay walang malinaw na provenance o pinagmulan at kasaysayan ng paggamit, bagaman maaaring ito'y pagsasama ng salitang "tala" at "anyo" at relatibong bagong salita.
Giotto di Bondone

Si Giotto di Bondone (sirka 1267 – Enero 8, 1337), karaniwang kilala bilang Giotto, ay isang Italyanong pintor at arkitektong mula sa Plorensiya. Pangkalahatan siyang iniisip bilang pinakauna sa hanay ng dakilang mga artista ng sining sa Italyanong Muling Pagsilang.
Isinulat ni Giovanni Villani, na namuhay din sa kapanahunan ni Giotto, na si Giotto ang hari ng mga pintor, na gumuhit sa lahat ng kanyang mga larawan ng nilalang bilang tila may buhay. Sinabi ni Villani na, dahil napakarunong ni Giotto, sinuwelduhan si Giotto ng lungsod ng Plorensiya.
Noong ika-16 daang taon, sinabi ng manunulat ng talambuhay na si Giorgio Vasari na binago ni Giotto ang larangan ng pagpipinta magmula sa estilong Bisantino ng iba pang mga artista ng sining na kanyang panahon, at nagbigay ng buhay sa dakilang sining ng pagpipinta, katulad ng naisagawa ng mga sumunod na mga tagapagpinta ng Renasimyentong kinabibilangan ni Leonardo da Vinci. Dahil ito sa pagguhit ni Giotto ng mga wangis ng tao at iba pang mga nilalang mula sa tunay na mga halimbawang may buhay, sa halip na gayahin ang estilo mula sa lumang kilalang mga larawan, na siyang paraan ng mga artista ng sining na Bisantino na katulad ng mga ginagawa nina Cimabue at Duccio.
Pinakadakila sa mga gawa ni Giotto ang palamuti ng Kapilyang Scrovegni sa Padua, na natapos noong bandang 1305. Paminsan-minsang tinatawag ang gusali bilang ang "Kapilyang Arena" dahil nasa ibabaw ito ng pook ng Sinaunang Romanong arena. Nagpapakita ang sunud-sunod na mga preskong ito ng buhay ng Mahal na Birheng Maria at ng buhay ni Hesukristo. Itinuturing ito bilang isa sa pinakadakilang mga obra maestra ng Maagang Renasimiyento.
Bagaman nagsulat si Vasari ng tungkol sa buhay ni Giotto, hindi nalalaman kung ilang mga kuwento ang tumpak, dahil nagsulat si Vasari noong mahigit sa 200 taon na ang nakalilipas pagkaraan ng kamatayan ni Giotto. Dalawang bagay lamang ang nalalamang may katiyakan. Nalalamang napili si Giotto ng konseho ng bayan ng Plorensiya noong 1334 upang magdisenyo ng tore ng kampanang katabi ng Katedral ng Plorensiyang itinatayo noong kapanahunan iyon. Nalalaman din ng may katiyakan na si Giotto ang nagpinta ng "Kapilyang Arena". Ngunit walang nakatitiyak kung saan siya ipinanganak, kung sino ang kanyang naging guro, kung ano ang kanyang wangis, kung siya talaga ang nagpinta ng bantog na mga presko sa Assisi, o kung saan siya inilibing nang mamatay.
Bajo de Masinloc

Ang Bajo de Masinloc o Buhanginan ng Panatag (Ingles: Scarborough Shoal; Tsino: 黃岩島, Huáng Yán Dǎo, lit. na 'pulo ng dilaw na bato' o 民主礁, Mínzhǔ Jiāo, lit. na 'bahura ng demokrasya') ay dalawang eskolyo (bato) na matatagpuan sa gitna ng Pampang ng Macclesfield sa kanluran at Luzon sa silangan. 220 kilometro (119 nmi) ang layo ng Luzon, at ito ang pinakamalapit na kalupaan. Pinag-aagawan ang karang ng Republika ng Pilipinas sa pamamagitan ng mapang Velarde ng 1734, habang inaangkin ito ng Republikang Bayan ng Tsina at Republika ng Tsina (Taiwan) sa pamamagitan ng pinagtatalunang siyam na gatlang na guhit (tinatawag na labing-isa na gatlang na guhit ng Taiwan, na kinabibilangan ng mga tubig sa Golpo ng Tonkin). Madalas na pinag-uusapan ang katayuan ng karang kasama ng ibang alitan sa teritoryo sa Dagat Timog Tsina tulad ng mga alitan tungkol sa Kapuluang Spratly, at ang standoff sa Buhanginan ng Panatag noong 2012. Sinimulan ang 2012 na standoff ng Pilipinas sa paggamit ng mga barkong pandigma laban sa mga barkong pangisda ng mga Tsino na nakibahagi sa ilegal na pangingisda, na sinundan ng standoff sa mga barko ng Chinese Marine Surveillance, kaya nasakop ang pook ng mga hukbong pandagat ng Tsina.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Pilipinas ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito. Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Tsina ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito. Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Taiwan ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Chi Atienza

Angela Lei "Chi" Ilagan Atienza Valdepeñas (born July 26, 1981) is a Filipino journalist, TV host, and politician. She has recently worked for PTV.
She is a graduate of political science at De La Salle University.
She is known for being the director of Kababaihan ng Maynila (transl. The Women of Manila), an organization that was established by her father, former Manila Mayor Lito Atienza, to give livelihood for some women of the city.
She started working in advertisements shown in ABS-CBN, notably in early 2000s. Later, she was in the Star Circle, but later quit when she married.
She notably worked in PTV as one of the hosts of its morning program Bagong Pilipinas. She was later assigned as one of the hosts of its replacement, Rise and Shine Pilipinas. She also formerly worked in GMA, especially in Maynila (when she substituted for her father in 2019).
Atienza was supposed to run for councilor of Manila from the 5th district under incumbent Mayor Honey Lacuna's Asenso Manileño ticket for the 2025 Manila local elections. However, she was later selected by former mayor Isko Moreno to be his vice mayoralty running mate for the elections. She also sworn in as one of new members of Moreno's party Aksyon Demokratiko.
Atienza's parents are former Manila mayor Lito Atienza and Ma. Evelina Ilagan, and is sister to broadcasters Kim and Ali. She married Von Valdepeñas, a former one-term councilor of Los Baños, Laguna, and they have three children.
Ali Atienza

Arnold Ilagan Atienza (Tagalog pronunciation: [ɐˈtʃɛnsa]; born September 29, 1972), also known as Ali Atienza, is a politician, athlete, and newscaster in the Philippines. He was the Presidential Adviser on Youth Affairs from 2005 to 2007 and was concurrently the head of the Manila sports development office and inner city development program from 2001 to 2007. He is the youngest of two sons of former Manila Mayor Lito Atienza, the other being weatherman Kim Atienza.
Atienza first gained fame as a gold medalist for the Philippines taekwondo national team in the 1990s. On March 28, 2007, he formally filed his papers as candidate for Mayor of the City of Manila during the May 14, 2007, mid-term elections. In that election, Sen. Alfredo Lim won the 2007 mayoralty race, and had conceded to Lim.
On February 28, 2021, the Philippine Taekwondo Association conferred upon Atienza with a 5th Dan Blackbelt along with DICT Secretary Gregorio Honasan.
Atienza graduated from De La Salle University with a degree BS in Physics, with specialization in Computer Applications, (1989–1994), and earned from the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila his master's degree in Government Management. He was the lone gold medalist in the 1994 Asian Taekwondo Championships at the age of 21.
In 2001, he became the youngest chairman of the Manila Sports Council (MASCO) which hosted the Manila Youth Games, the MY National Invitational and Manila Marathons. He also became the Chairman of Manila's inner city development and Manila employment committee where he was able to light the streets of Manila, employ thousands, and provide children from elementary public schools with rice subsidies. He is a former anchor of IBC Express Balita from 2004 to 2007.
In 2007, he ran for mayor of Manila but lost to a veteran mayor, Alfredo Lim. On November 30, 2010, he was inaugurated as a barangay captain of a barangay in San Andres, Manila after winning the barangay elections.
In 2013, he became the top-notch councilor in the fifth district of Manila garnering almost 80,000 votes. He is considered a voice of the people with his stand on two major issues. First, with his fight against the Manila Bay reclamation and second for his firm stand against the 300% tax increase that the city council has approved.
In 2016, Atienza ran for Vice Mayor as the running mate of congressman Amado Bagatsing and later of former Mayor Alfredo Lim. However, he lost the race to Honey Lacuna.
Ali graduated in 2016 from National University of Singapore under the School of Public Policy in their Senior Management Programme. Atienza ran for congressman of the fifth district of Manila in 2019 but lost to incumbent Cristal Bagatsing.
On December 4, 2020, he was appointed Undersecretary for Government Digital Broadcast Television and the Digitization of the Entertainment Industry Sector in Department of Information and Communications Technology. He later headed Education, Ease of Doing Business, PWD, Senior Citizens, and Emerging Technologies in the Department.
Currently, he is holding the position of acting board member of the Food Terminal Incorporated.
Matanglawin (TV program)

Matanglawin (Baybayin: ᜋᜆᜅ᜔ᜎᜏᜒᜈ᜔, lit. 'hawkeye') is a Philippine television informative show broadcast by ABS-CBN. Hosted by Kim Atienza, it aired from March 24, 2008, to May 3, 2020, on the network's Sunday morning timeslot.
The show aired its final broadcast on May 3, 2020, due to the ABS-CBN shutdown because of the cease and desist order by the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC), following the expiration of the network's 25-year franchise granted in 1995, the denial of the franchise and the retrenchment of employees. Re-runs of the show aired on Knowledge Channel via Extracurricular subject, and on A2Z every weekends under Kidz Weekend morning block. The show eventually did not go back on-air as Atienza transferred to GMA Network on October 4, 2021.
The show defines Kuya Kim takes on the vantage point of a Philippine hawk - Mapanuri, Mapagmatiyag, Mapangahas! (Inquisitive, Vigilant, Adventurous!) - as he takes on the role of an explorer in search of new, interesting trivia, legends to demystify.
Jose Alvarez (Filipino politician)

Jose Chaves Alvarez (born June 29, 1944), known by initials JCA, is a Filipino businessman and politician from the province of Palawan, Philippines who is serving as the representative of Palawan's 2nd congressional district since 2022. He previously served as the Governor of the province from 2013 to 2022.
Jose Alvarez was born on June 29, 1944 in Kidapawan to Engr. Tomas Alvarez and Lilia Alvarez. At the age of six, he started his education at the Jesuit-run Ateneo de Davao University. He then pursued his secondary education at San Nicholas College, now St. Paul University Surigao, and finished the same in 1960.
When he was 16 years old, Alvarez took Chemical Engineering at Cebu Institute of Technology – University. But due to financial constraints, he was forced to transfer to Xavier University and enroll in Liberal Arts. Because he wanted to help his family and avoid becoming a burden to his parents, the young Jose financed his university education by working as a collector in an insurance agency. Through his own perseverance and skills, he was able to graduate from college in 1964.
After his graduation, Alvarez ventured into a small used-car trading business in Cagayan de Oro. In 1969, he was able to expand his business to Mandaue. In 1970, he was presented an opportunity to start a logging business in Indonesia and immediately grabbed the same. He stayed in the forests of Indonesia for seven years, before returning to the province of Palawan. He also own the Terrafirma Dyip that currently plays in the Philippine Basketball Association.
Felipe Calderón (Filipino politician)

Felipe Gonzáles Calderón y Roca, also known as Felipe G. Calderon (April 4, 1868 – June 6, 1908) was a Filipino lawyer, politician, and intellectual, known as the "Father of the Malolos Constitution".
Calderón was born in Santa Cruz de Malabon (now Tanza), Cavite, to José Gonzáles Calderón and Manuela Roca. He studied at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila for his primary and secondary courses and was granted a scholarship. He received high honors in a Bachelor of Arts degree, later working in the newspaper industry writing for several newspapers. He later enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas and completed his studies at Licentiate in Law in 1894. After graduation, he participated in the law office of Cayetano Arellano.
During the Philippine Revolution, Calderon ardently supported the revolutionary movement, an organization that aimed to gain independence from Spain. For his activities he was imprisoned by the Spanish colonial authorities. One school in Tondo, Manila was named after him.
In September 1898, after the return of Emilio Aguinaldo to Cavite from Hong Kong, he accepted Aguinaldo’s appointment as a representative of the first district of Paragua in the Revolutionary Congress in Malolos, Bulacan. After the Spanish–American War, the República Filipina (Philippine Republic) was formed during the Malolos Constitution on January 25, 1899. The constitution was drafted by Calderon together with Pedro Paterno and Cayetano Arellano.
When the Philippine–American War began, he traveled to Manila where he appeared before the Schurman Commission on April 27, 1899, offering suggestions for the restoration of peace. He was requested to draft rules for the Philippine government of the first municipalities during the war with the United States.
In 1899, Calderon founded two law universities. These are the Colegio de Abogados de Manila (School of Lawyers of Manila) and the Escuela de Derecho (School of Duties). He taught in both institutions. In 1904, he was appointed member of a commission to draft a proposed Penal Code. He also organized the La Protección de la Infancia, (The Protection of Infants), an institution that established humanitarian institution to protect and care for disadvantaged people.
Calderon died on June 6, 1908, at the Saint Paul Hospital. His death was caused by intestinal obstruction while his body was weakened due to working long hours.
Ruben Torres (Filipino politician)

Ruben Deloso Torres (born September 10, 1941) is a Filipino politician and former communist leader. He went by the nom de guerre "Kadre" while he was a member of the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP) from the 1960s to the 1970s.
Torres went to high school in Marikina, Rizal, and was a student activist at the University of the Philippines Diliman (UPD) in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
Torres was recruited to the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP) by Francisco "Dodong" Nemenzo in the mid-1960s. In 1966, he was hired as a government official under the Marcos administration, a position he held simultaneous to being a Central Committee member of the PKP. On March 16, 1968, Torres married UPD psychology student Amaryllis "Amar" Tiglao, who at the time was unaware of his communist affiliation; it was only when they traveled to Russia in the early 1970s to study at the University of Moscow that she found out about his PKP membership upon their chance meeting with communist William J. Pomeroy and his Filipino wife Celia.
In 1972, when Nemenzo expressed his opposition to the PKP's support for Marcos's martial law declaration and in response created a splinter faction called the Marxist-Leninist Group (MLG), Torres was tasked by the PKP to eliminate the MLG's recruited members. According to historian Joseph Scalice, this purge of MLG members by the PKP resulted in the killing of more communist members than was done by the Marcos government itself during martial law.
After the establishment of the Institute of Labor and Manpower Studies (ILMS) under the Department of Labor in the mid-1970s, Torres was assigned by Marcos as its officer-in-charge, and by 1977 he allegedly left the PKP upon surrendering to Fidel V. Ramos.
Under President Corazon Aquino, he served as an undersecretary in the Department of Labor and Employment from 1989 to 1990. Afterwards he was promoted to full secretary, serving from 1990 to 1992. Under the next president, Fidel V. Ramos, he worked as executive secretary (colloquially known as the Little President) from 1995 to 1998. During this time, he co-hosted the television program Showbiz at Politika with Lani Mercado on RPN (now RPTV), and was instrumental in brokering a peace accord with the Muslim rebels in Mindanao. Torres ran for a Senate seat in the 1992 and 1998, under the banner of Lakas–CMD and Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino, respectively, but lost.
He later served as Congressman of the 2nd District of Zambales from 2001 to 2004 in the House of Representatives. He served as president of the Trade Union Congress of the Philippines from 2015 to 2016 and is currently a columnist at The Manila Times.
Torres was portrayed by Cesar Montano in the 1997 biographical action film Kadre: Ang Buhay ni Ka Ruben.
Luis Campos (politician)

Luis Jose Angel Nakpil Campos Jr. (born October 16, 1967) is a Filipino lawyer, politician, and businessman currently serving in the Philippine House of Representatives for Makati's 2nd district.
Campos was born on October 16, 1967 in Ermita, Manila. A member of the Nakpil clan, he was raised in Dasmariñas, Cavite.
Campos attended De La Salle Zobel for his elementary and high school educations. He later attended De La Salle University, where he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science in 1989 and Masters in Business Administration degree in 1991. He later attended Ateneo de Manila Law School to pursue legal education.
Campos opened the Botong’s Resto Bar in Makati and was a partner in Andres, a Filipino restaurant.
Campos started his political career as the successor to his wife and current Makati Mayor Abby Binay on the congressional seat for the 2nd district in 2016. He is the first and so far the only Binay in-law to be elected in public office. During his first term in the 17th Congress, he was the deputy minority leader, member of the House Committee on Rules, vice chairperson of the House Committee on Public Accounts, and district chairman of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines for Makati. He was re-elected in 2019 and in 2022. He is the vice chairperson of the House Committee on Appropriations and member of the House Committee on Metro Manila Development and House Committee on Ways and Means during the 19th Congress. As representative, he supported the death penalty bill in 2017 and the absolute divorce bill in 2024.
When he was term-limited alongside his wife Abby as mayor, Campos filed his candidacy for mayor of Makati in 2025, with fellow Makati Representative Kid Peña from the 1st district as his vice mayoralty running-mate.
Campos married fellow lawyer Abby Binay in 2008. They first met at the Ateneo Law School in 1998. Together, they have a daughter named Martina.
Miss Philippines Earth 2021

Miss Philippines Earth 2021 was the 21st edition of the Miss Philippines Earth pageant, held virtually for a second year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, on August 8, 2021.
Roxanne Baeyens of Baguio crowned Naelah Alshorbaji of Parañaque as her successor at the end of the event. Also crowned were the court of elemental queens: Ameera Almamari, Miss Philippines Air, Rocel Songano, Miss Philippines Water, Roni Meneses, Miss Philippines Fire, and Sofia Lopez Galve, Miss Philippines Eco Tourism 2021.
§ – Voted into Top 20 by viewers
66 contestants representing various cities, municipalities, provinces, and communities abroad competed for the title.
LOL: Last One Laughing Philippines

LOL: Last One Laughing Philippines is a Philippine comedy reality competition show based on Documental, a format created by Japanese comedian Hitoshi Matsumoto. Hosted by comedian, presenter, and actor Vice Ganda, it aired on Prime Video on July 4, 2024.
Chad Kinis was proclaimed the winner of the first season on July 18, 2024.
On May 30, 2024, it was announced via Prime Video Philippines' social media accounts that a Philippine version of Documental (known as Last One Laughing in other countries) is in the works, and will premiere on July 4 of the same year. On June 19 and 26, 2024, Vice, the competing celebrities, and Prime Video Philippines released the series' trailer and teasers on their respective social media accounts.
Ten comedians stay in a living-room style studio with hidden cameras for a few hours (usually six). During this time, they must try to make their opponents laugh in any way and by any means, while not reacting at their opponents’ attempts to make them break. At the first laugh, the competitor is cautioned (yellow carded), while a second eliminates the player from the game (red carded). However, large infractions may be given an automatic red card. Eliminated players join the host in the observation room, but may return as an external challenger to the remaining contestants. The comedians can also be eliminated if they aren't active enough. The only way to communicate with the outside is a telephone controlled by the host.
The last remaining comedian standing is set to receive a trophy, and a cash prize of one million pesos (₱1,000,000).
The ten contestants were revealed on June 17, 2024.
Note: Contestants' descriptions below are current as of the season's premiere date.
Two episodes were released on the premiere date, with two new episodes releasing every week. The season contains six episodes.
In a variation of the Joker challenge found in international versions, Vice would pull a lever to determine which comedian would perform on stage, while the other comedians would have to watch. It is up to the comedians to decide how long their performance will last.
On Episode 3, Vice noticed that all of the participating comedians were tired of making themselves laugh, so he invited Divine Tetay and Petite as "resbeks" with the same goal: to make the other contestants laugh. Divine Tetay later returned as an external challenger again on Episode 6.
Following its premiere on July 4, 2024, LOL: Last One Laughing Philippines became Prime Video's number one reality competition show and trended across various social media networks. The series also gained popularity online after funny clips from the show were shared on Facebook.
21st PMPC Star Awards for Television

The 21st PMPC Star Awards for Television ceremony was held at the Henry Lee Irwin Theater in Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City on November 18, 2007 and broadcast over RPN 9 on November 25, 2007. The ceremony was hosted by Boy Abunda, Pops Fernandez, Ara Mina at Lorna Tolentino.
These are the nominations for the 21st Star Awards for Television. The winners are in bold.
Mombasa

Mombasa ni mji wa pili kwa ukubwa nchini Kenya katika eneo la Pwani ya Kenya.Mombasa ni bandari muhimu Afrika Mashariki na ndio kubwa zaidi eneo la Afrika ya Mashariki. Mji huu uko kwenye mwambao wa Bahari Hindi.Mnamo 2019 ulikuwa na idadi ya watu takriban milioni 1.2 na eneo la kilomita za mraba 219.9
Baada ya kuundwa kwa serikali ya ugatuzi, Mombasa umekuwa mji mkuu wa kaunti ya Mombasa.
Mombasa ni kitovu cha utalii wa pwani ya Kenya. Watalii wengi hufika kupitia Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Moi. Wengine pia husafiri kupitia barabara kutoka Nairobi wakitazama mandhari mbalimbali. Kutoka Nairobi kwenda Mombasa ni takribani kilomita 483.77. Watalii wengi hupenda kuuona mji wa Mombasa kwanza, kisha wanaunganisha ndege hadi Kilimanjaro na sehemu nyingine zilizo na vivutio nchini Tanzania.
Kati ya ishara ya mji ni Boma la Yesu na pembe za Mombasa.
Kiswahili cha Mombasa huitwa Kimvita.
Mombasa na Seattle ni "miji-ndugu".