Document: NUREG-0800
Document ID: 072325a8-02ea-4d59-bb3f-06592c340804
Document Type: srp
Title: The Aluminum Association, Specification for Aluminum Structures
Source: NUREG-0800
Source URL: https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0520/ML052070327.pdf
Revision Date: 2023-06
Chapter: 3
Section ID: 3.4
CFR Part: 
CFR Title: 

Content:
es on nonyielding walls exceeded those predicted by the M-O method by a factor of 2 to 3 (Whitman 1990). Finite element analyses in which the soil modulus increased with depth resulted in 5 percent to 15 percent smaller dynamic lateral pressures, with the resultant acting closer to 0.5 times the height of the wall Whitman 1990). According to Whitman (1990), Richards and Elms made a major advance in the area of dynamic lateral pressures by formulating a displacement-oriented solution that used the concept of allowable permanent movement of the gravity retaining walls (Soydemir 1991). Their approach, called the displacement-controlled method, differs from that of the M-O method with is strength controlled. Whereas some traditional designers using the M-O method are reported to have assumed less than the maximum design earthquake, the displacement-controlled approach of Richards and Elms permits the selection of a proper design acceleration coefficient (Whitman 1990). Further, their method, based on Newmark's sliding block analogy and retaining the M-O equation, permits an evaluation of permanent displacement of retaining walls following an earthquake (Whitman 1991). On the basis of a review of several researchers in this area, Whitman concluded that model test results have given continuing support for the use of the M-O equation for the design of relatively simple walls, 9.14 m (30 ft) or less in height; however, for higher walls and nonyielding walls, he recommends more careful analysis (Whitman 1990). Regarding basement walls, Whitman, in his second state-of-the-art paper (Whitman 1991), stated that the use of Wood's theory (EERL 73-05) for nonyielding walls may seem logical, if the basement rests directly on hard rock and if the outside walls of the basement are well braced by floors. He further states that actual peak acceleration should be used if any yielding or cracking of the walls is to be avoided. These requirements, according to Whitman (1991), can lead to