---
license:
- cc-by-4.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
- aligned
task_categories:
- text-classification
- text2text-generation
source_datasets:
- original
- >-
  extended|other-turkcorpus,other-asset,other-questeval,other-simplicity_da,other-simp_da
language:
- en
tags:
- simplification-evaluation
- meaning-evaluation
pretty_name: CSMD
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
dataset_info:
- config_name: meaning
  features:
  - name: document
    dtype: string
  - name: simplification
    dtype: string
  - name: labels
    dtype: int
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 251558
    num_examples: 853
  - name: dev
    num_bytes: 27794
    num_examples: 95
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 117686
    num_examples: 407
  download_size: 397038
  dataset_size: 1355
- config_name: meaning_with_data_augmentation
  features:
  - name: document
    dtype: string
  - name: simplification
    dtype: string
  - name: labels
    dtype: int
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 1151604
    num_examples: 2560
  - name: dev
    num_bytes: 120991
    num_examples: 285
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 540844
    num_examples: 1220
  download_size: 1813439
  dataset_size: 4065
- config_name: meaning_holdout_identical
  features:
  - name: document
    dtype: string
  - name: simplification
    dtype: string
  - name: labels
    dtype: int
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 89866
    num_examples: 359
  download_size: 89866
  dataset_size: 359
- config_name: meaning_holdout_unrelated
  features:
  - name: document
    dtype: string
  - name: simplification
    dtype: string
  - name: labels
    dtype: int
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 247835
    num_examples: 359
  download_size: 247835
  dataset_size: 359
config_names:
- meaning
- meaning_with_data_augmentation
- meaning_holdout_identical
- meaning_holdout_unrelated
viewer: true
---

# Dataset Card for "Continuous Scale Meaning Dataset" (CSMD)

CSMD was created for [MeaningBERT: Assessing Meaning Preservation Between Sentences](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1223924/full).

It contains 1,355 English text simplification meaning preservation annotations. Meaning preservation measures how well the meaning of the output text corresponds to the meaning of the source ([Saggion, 2017](https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-02166-4)).

The annotations were taken from the following four datasets: 

- [ASSET](https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.424/)
- [QuestEVal](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.07560),
- [SimpDa_2022](https://aclanthology.org/2023.acl-long.905.pdf) and,
- [Simplicity-DA](https://direct.mit.edu/coli/article/47/4/861/106930/The-Un-Suitability-of-Automatic-Evaluation-Metrics).

It contains a data augmentation subset of 1,355 identical sentence triplets and 1,355 unrelated sentence triplets (See the "Sanity Checks" section (3.3.) in our [article](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1223924/full)).

It also contains two holdout subsets of 359 identical sentence triplets and 359 unrelated sentence triples (See the "MeaningBERT" section (3.4.) in our [article](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1223924/full)).


## Dataset Structure

### Data Instances

- `Meaning` configuration: an instance consists of 1,355 meaning preservation triplets (Document, simplification, label).
- `meaning_with_data_augmentation` configuration: an instance consists of 1,355 meaning preservation triplets (Document, simplification, label) along with 1,355 data augmentation triplets (Document, Document, 1) and 1,355 data augmentation triplets (Document, Unrelated Document, 0) (See the sanity checks in our [article](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1223924/full)).
- `meaning_holdout_identical` configuration: an instance consists of 359 meaning holdout preservation identical triplets (Document, Document, 1) based on the ASSET Simplification dataset.
- `meaning_holdout_unrelated` configuration: an instance consists of 359 meaning holdout preservation unrelated triplets (Document, Unrelated Document, 0) based on the ASSET Simplification dataset.

### Data Fields

- `document`: an original sentence from the source datasets.
- `simplification`:  a simplification of the original obtained by an automated system or a human.
- `labels`: a meaning preservation rating between 0 and 100.

### Data Splits
The split statistics of CSMD are given below.

| | Train    | Dev    | Test | Total |
| ------ | ------   | ------ | ---- | ----- |
| Meaning | 853    | 95   | 407  | 1,355  |
| Meaning With Data Augmentation | 2,560    | 285   | 1,220  | 4,065  |
| Meaning Holdout Identical | NA    | NA   | 359  | 359 |
| Meaning Holdout Unrelated | NA    | NA   | 359  | 359  |

All the splits are randomly split using a 60-10-30 split with the seed `42`.

# Citation Information

```
@ARTICLE{10.3389/frai.2023.1223924,
AUTHOR={Beauchemin, David and Saggion, Horacio and Khoury, Richard},   
TITLE={{MeaningBERT: Assessing Meaning Preservation Between Sentences}},      
JOURNAL={Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence},      
VOLUME={6},           
YEAR={2023},      
URL={https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1223924},       
DOI={10.3389/frai.2023.1223924},        
ISSN={2624-8212},   
}
```