datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Product of sexual reproduction generally generates

Options:
A Ionger viability of seeds
B prolonged dormancy
C new genetic combination leading to variation
D large biomass

The correct answer is:
new genetic combination leading to variation

Solution:
Sexual reproduction leads to new genetic combination leading to variation in new products. Longer viability of seeds, prolonged dormancy and large biomass are not related to sexual reproduction.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)
Product of the following reaction:
$\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_3 \underset{\text { (ii) hydrolysis }}{\stackrel{\text { (i) } \mathrm{O}_3}{\longrightarrow}}$ are

Options:
A $\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{COOH}+\mathrm{CO}_2$
B $\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{COOH}+\mathrm{HOOCCH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_3$
C $\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CHO}+\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CHO}$
D $\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{COOH}+\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{COCH}_3$

The correct answer is:
$\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{COOH}+\mathrm{HOOCCH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_3$

Solution:
Related Theory
Ozonolysis is a method of oxidatively cleaving alkenes or alkynes using ozone $\left(O_{\mathrm{g}}\right)$. The process allows for carbon-carbon double or triple bonds to be replaced by double bonds with oxygen. It is often used to identify the structure of unknown alkenes by breaking them down into smaller, more easily identifiable pieces.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET, NEET 2005
Product of the given reaction
CH3-CH2-CH=CH3→SiO2 will be

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
CH 3 − CH 2 −CH =  CH 2 → SiO 2 Allylic oxidation CH 3 −CHOH−CH =  CH 2

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET
Product of this Hoffmann bromamide reaction is

Options:
A PhCH2NH2
B PhCHO
C PhC||OCH3
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
Here the product is formed as follows

Topic: Chemistry, Amines, NEET
Product 'P' in the above reaction is

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:

Topic: Chemistry, Amines, NEET
product (Z) is

Options:
A benzoic acid
B p-cresol
C 2,4-dihydroxy toluene
D benzene

The correct answer is:
benzene

Solution:
Here Z is benzene and it is formed as follows

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET
Product –

Options:
A
B
C
D Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

The correct answer is:

Solution:
-CF3 is meta directing group due to -H and -I , thus gives nitration at meta position.
Product form is

Topic: Chemistry, Amines, NEET
Production of a human protein in bacteria by genetic engineering is possible because:

Options:
A the human chromosome can replicate in bacterial cell
B the mechanism of gene regulation is identical in humans and bacteria
C bacterial cell can carry out the RNA splicing reactions
D the genetic code is universal.

The correct answer is:
the genetic code is universal.

Solution:
Genetic code may be defined as the sequence of nucleotides in polynucleotide chain which determines the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Thus the genetic code is universal. These is no ambiguity regarding genetic code. It means that each codon codes for the same amino acid in all organisms including bacteria, plants and animals. Bacterial cells lack the machinery needed for processing of primary transcript, and hence cannot replicate human chromosome. Prokaryotic genes are polycistronic and eukaryotic genes are monocistronic which means that gene regulation is not same in both. Prokaryotic RNA does not undergo splicing.
Related Theory
Splicing refers to editing of the precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript into a mature messenger RNA (mRNA) wherein introns are removed and exons are joined together i.e., they are ligated. Splicing occurs within the nucleus after transcription.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET, NEET 2005
Production of a human protein in bacteria by genetic engineering is possible because

Options:
A bacterial cell can carry out the RNA splicing reactions.
B the human chromosome can replicate in the bacterial cell.
C the mechanism of gene regulation is identical in humans and bacteria.
D the genetic code is universal.

The correct answer is:
the genetic code is universal.

Solution:
Genetic code has the universality, i.e., a codon codes for the same amino acid in all the organisms.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Production of a Humulin using transgenic E. coli is possible because:

Options:
A Bacterial cell can carry out the RNA splicing reactions
B The human chromosome can replicate in bacterial cell
C The mechanism of gene regulation is identical in humans and bacteria
D The genetic code is universal

The correct answer is:
The genetic code is universal

Solution:
Genetic code (codon) specifies the same amino acid in all organisms from virus to human beings.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Production of Cucumber has increased manifold in recent years. Application of which of the following phytohormones has resulted in this increased yield as the hormone is known to produce female flowers in the plants :

Options:
A Gibberellin
B Ethylene
C Cytokinin
D ABA

The correct answer is:
Ethylene

Solution:
The gaseous hormone ethylene is used to increase the number of female flowers in cucumber plants. Besides this function, this hormone also promotes root growth and root hair formation, thus helping the plants to increase their absorption surface.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 1)
Production of human protein in bacteria by genetic engineering is possible because

Options:
A The human chromosome can replicate in bacterial cell
B The mechanism of gene regulation is identical in humans and bacteria
C Bacterial cell can carry out the RNA splicing reactions
D The genetic code is universal

The correct answer is:
The genetic code is universal

Solution:
Genetic engineering is the technique of changing the phenotype of an organism by altering the chemical properties of the genetic material. Genetic engineering is useful for manufacturing products like antibiotics, vaccines, enzymes, proteins, etc. When recombinant DNA is added to the host organisms the protein synthesis is carried out in the similar manner and the desired results are obtained. This is because the principles governing the process, the enzymes involved and the genetic code itself are all universal in nature.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Production on an industrial scale requires growing microbes in very large vessels is called

Options:
A Fermenter
B Autoclave
C Laminar Air Flow
D All of the above

The correct answer is:
Fermenter

Solution:
Fermentor are large vessels in which the desired microbes can be cultured to obtain specific product in large quantity. Fermentors are used for production of alcoholic beverage and for production of specific antibiotics.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Productivity is the rate of production of biomass expressed in terms of

(i) kcal/m3/yr
(ii) g/m2/yr
(iii) g/yr
(iv) kcal/m2/yr

Options:
A (ii)
B (iii)
C (ii) and (iv)
D (i) and (iii)

The correct answer is:
(ii) and (iv)

Solution:
The rate of synthesis of energy containing organic matter or biomass by any trophic level per unit area in unit time is described as its productivity. It is measured as weight (e.g., g/m2/yr) or energy (e.g., Kcal/m2/yr).

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Productivity is the rate of production of biomass expressed in terms of i. (kcalm-3 )yr-1 ii. g-2 y-1 r iii. g-1yr-1 iy. (kcal m-2) yr-1

Options:
A ii
B iii
C ii and iv
D i and iii

The correct answer is:
ii and iv

Solution:
Productivity is the rate of production of biomass expressed in terms of g-1yr-1 and (heal m-2) yr-

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Progestogens alone or in combination with estrogens can be used as a contraceptive in the form of:

Options:
A Implants only
B Injections only
C Pills, injections and implants
D Pills only

The correct answer is:
Pills, injections and implants

Solution:
Oral pills: The pills contain a combination of synthetic hormones like progesterone and estrogen. These hormones inhibit ovulation and implantation by inhibiting the secretion of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland.

Injections or Implants: It is a type of hormonal method in which the hormones like progestogens (similar to progesterone) are injected into the women’s bloodstream subcutaneously while in implants it is placed under the skin. The effect of these implants is longer as compared to pills.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET, NEET 2020 (Phase 2)
Progestogens is used as contraceptive as

Options:
A It stimulates the secretion of GnRH
B It inhibits the secretion of GnRH
C It promote the synthesis of prolactin
D It inhibits the development of blastocyst

The correct answer is:
It inhibits the secretion of GnRH

Solution:
Progestogens-only oral contraceptives or progestin-only contraceptives are used to prevent pregnancy. Progesterone is a female hormone. It works by preventing the release of eggs from the ovaries (ovulation) and changing the cervical mucus and the lining of the uterus. Thus such pills, or combined pills are used as contraceptives.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
Prokaryotic autotrophic nitrogen-fixing symbiont is found in:

Options:
A Alnus
B Cicer
C Pisum
D Cycas

The correct answer is:
Cycas

Solution:
Cycas forms facultative symbiotic association with autotrophic nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria. Cycas provide fixed carbon and a stable environment to the cyanobacteria in exchange for fixed nitrogen. These cyanobacteria are endosymbionts and live within the roots of Cycas. In addition to normal roots, Cycas develops specialised symbiotic organs at a young age called precorallioa roots which transform into coralloid roots upon successful colonisation by cyanobacteria.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Prokaryotic ribosomes are particles about 200Å units in diameter consisting of protein and RNA. The percentage of protein and RNA respectively is

Options:
A 60% and 40%
B 40% and 60%
C 80% and 20%
D 50% and 50%

The correct answer is:
40% and 60%

Solution:
The composition of ribosomes is about 60 % RNA and 40 % protein by weight.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Prolonged diakaryotic stage is observed in

Options:
A Phycomycetes
B Ascomycetes
C Deuteromycetes
D Basidiomycetes

The correct answer is:
Basidiomycetes

Solution:
In basidiomycetes plasmogamy is not immediately followed by karyogamy as a result the a diakaryotic cell is formed. This diakaryotic cell undergoes division to form a diakaryotc hyphae which is well developed and forms diakaryotic mycelium. In ascomycetes a small diakaryotic hyphae is formed which forms ascus.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Prolonged liberal irrigation of agricultural fields is likely to create the problem of:

Options:
A acidity
B aridity
C salinity
D metal toxicity.

The correct answer is:
salinity

Solution:
Prolonged liberal irrigation of agricultural fields create the problem of salinity. Since, all surface ground water contains salts to varying degrees, irrigation is the primary cause which brings salinity to the field.
Related Theory
Salinity and alkalinity problems are most likely to occur under 2 conditions:
(i) Intrusion of salt water into low-lying areas near oceans and seas.
(ii) Irrigated soils in semi-arid and arid regions (less than $500 \mathrm{~mm}$ annual rainfall) where rainfall or irrigation isn't sufficient to leach accumulated salts out of the root zone. The salts are released by decomposing rock and other parent material below the subsoil and are also brought in by irrigation water and additions of chemical fertilizers and manure.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET, NEET 2005
Prolonged use of anabolic steroids in males can lead to

Options:
A decrease in the size of testis and prostate gland
B increase in the size of testis and prostate gland
C decrease in the size of testis but increase in the size of prostate gland
D increase in the size of testis but decrease in the size of prostate gland

The correct answer is:
decrease in the size of testis but increase in the size of prostate gland

Solution:
Certain sportspersons misuse anabolic steroids to increase muscle strength and bulk and to promote aggressiveness and as a result increase athletic performance. The side-effects of the use of anabolic steroids in females include masculinisation (features like males), increased aggressiveness, mood swings, depression, abnormal menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth on the face and body, enlargement of clitoris, deepening of voice. In males it includes acne, increased aggressiveness, mood swings, depression, reduction of size of the testicles, decreased sperm production, potential for kidney and liver dysfunction, breast enlargement, premature baldness, enlargement of the prostate gland. These effects may be permanent with prolonged use.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Pronuba moth is a specific pollinator of

Options:
A Evening primrose.
B Ophrys.
C Yucca
D Commelina

The correct answer is:
Yucca

Solution:
Pronuba moth is a small white moth found in semi-arid habitats where Yucca plants grow. This moth lays its eggs whose larvae feed on the plants seed as source of food and in return the moth pollinates for the plant. A mutualism relationship forms between the moth and the plant. This insect does not pollinate for any other plant.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Prop roots of Banyan tree are meant for

Options:
A respiration
B storage
C mechanical support
D All of the above

The correct answer is:
mechanical support

Solution:
Prop root are hanging structure which hangs down vertically from large branches of banyan tree. These roots than enters the soil and becomes thick, they function as pillar which provides mechanical support to the tree.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Propanal and pentan-3-one are the ozonolysis products of an alkene. What is the IUPAC name of the alkene?

Options:
A Hexaethylene
B 4-Ethylhexene
C Ethylhex-3-ene
D 4-Ethylhex-3-ene

The correct answer is:
4-Ethylhex-3-ene

Solution:
Correct Option is : (D)
4-Ethylhex-3-ene

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET
Property of contact inhibition is seen in:

Options:
A Normal cells
B Benign tumours
C Malignant tumours
D More than one option is correct

The correct answer is:
Normal cells

Solution:
Mechanism of development of cancer or oncogenic transformation of cells: Breakdown of regulatory mechanisms of cell growth and differentiation → Cells lose the property of contact inhibition → Cells continue to divide and give rise to masses of cells called tumours.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Property of the alkaline earth metals that increases with their atomic number

Options:
A electronegativity
B Solubility of their hydroxides in water
C Solubility their sulphates in water
D Ionization energy

The correct answer is:
Solubility of their hydroxides in water

Solution:
The solubility of the alkaline earth metal hydroxides in water increases with increase in atomic number down the group. This is due to the reason that both lattice enthalpy and hydration enthalpy decrease down the group as the size of the cation increases but lattice enthalpy decreases more rapidly than the hydration enthalpy and hence their solubility increases down the group.
âBe(OH)2,Mg(OH)2,Ca(OH)2,Sr(OH)2
Electronegativity: -
â On moving top to bottom, ENâ
â On moving top to bottom, solubility of sulphate in water decreases.
â On moving top to bottom no. of shells increases so, ionisation energy decreases

Topic: Chemistry, s Block Elements, NEET
Prophase of the first meiotic division is typically longer and complex. It is subdivided into 5 phases: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis. Which of the following statements is not correct about these phases?

Options:
A The formation of synaptonemal complex is seen during zygotene stage.
B The stage of pachytene is characterised by appearance of recombination nodules.
C Diplotene stage is marked by terminalisation of chiasmata.
D The compaction of chromosomes continues throughout the leptotene.

The correct answer is:
Diplotene stage is marked by terminalisation of chiasmata.

Solution:
The final stage of meiotic prophase I is diakinesis. This is marked by terminalisation of chiasmata. During this phase, the chromosomes are fully condensed and the meiotic spindle is assembled to prepare the homologous chromosomes for separation.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
Prophase-I of meiosis is a long and complex phase in which many events occurs. Arrange the following events of meiosis in the correct sequence and select the correct option.

(i) Crossing over
(ii) Synapsis
(iii) Terminalization of chiasmata
(iv) Disappearance of nucleolus

Options:
A (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
B (ii), (iii), (iv), (i)
C (ii), (i), (iv), (iii)
D (ii), (i), (iii), (iv)

The correct answer is:
(ii), (i), (iii), (iv)

Solution:
Prophase I of meiosis has been divided into five substages which occur in the sequence as: Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene and Diakinesis.
Synapsis i.e., pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs during zygotene.
Crossing over i.e., exchange of chromatid segments occurs during pachytene.
Terminalization of chiasmata i.e., shifting of chiasmata towards the ends of chromosomes and complete disappearance of nucleolus take place during diakinesis.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
Propionibacterium shermanii is used in the ripening of

Options:
A Roquefort cheese
B Swiss cheese
C Camembert cheese
D Sour cream

The correct answer is:
Swiss cheese

Solution:
Swiss cheese gets its distinctive holes, smell, texture and flavor from a bacteria Propionibacterium shermanii. The bacteria grow and release carbon dioxide, and this creates holes for which Swiss cheese is famous.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Propionic acid on reaction with Br2/P yields a di-bromo product. The structure of this di-bromo product would be

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
This is Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. In this reaction, acids containing α -H react with X2/red P giving product in which the α -hydrogen are substituted by X.
So

Topic: Chemistry, Carboxylic Acid Derivatives, NEET
Propionic acid with $\mathrm{Br}_2-\mathrm{P}$ yields a dibromo product. Its structure would be

Options:
A $\mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{Br}-\mathrm{CHBr}-\mathrm{COOH}$
B

C $\mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{Br}-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{COBr}$
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
Key Idea $\mathrm{Br}_2$ in presence of $\mathrm{P}$ attacks on $\alpha$-carbon atom of acid and $\alpha$ hydrogen is substituted by bromine.
This reaction is called Hell-Volhard Zelinsky (HVZ) reduction.

Topic: Chemistry, Carboxylic Acid Derivatives, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Proportion of reproductive age group is higher than pre-reproductive groups in

Options:
A triangular age pyramid
B urn-shaped pyramid
C bell-shaped age pyramid
D More than one option is correct

The correct answer is:
urn-shaped pyramid

Solution:
The reproductive age group includes members between 15–45 years of age in humans. In the triangular age pyramid, the pre-reproductive age group is more than the reproductive age group, while in the bell-shaped pyramid, pre-reproductive age group is equal to that of the reproductive age group.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Propyne and propene can be distinguished by

Options:
A Concentrated H2SO4
B Br2 in CCl4
C Dilute KMnO4
D ammonical AgNO3

The correct answer is:
ammonical AgNO3

Solution:
The terminal hydrogen is acidic in H 3 C - C â¡ CH (propyne) and it reacts with ammoniacal AgNO3. In propene, CH3CH = CH2 there is no acidic hydrogen. So propyne form precipitate with AgNO 3 whereas propene does not form.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET
Propyne reacts with Br2/HOH to produce

Options:
A 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromopropane
B Acetone
C Acetaldehyde
D α- Bromoacetone

The correct answer is:
α- Bromoacetone

Solution:
Propyne reacts with Br2/HOH according to Markonikov rule to give Î±- bromoacetone as follows

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET
Prosthetic groups differ from coenzymes in that

Options:
A they require metal ions for their activity
B they (prosthetic groups) are tightly bound to apoenzymes
C their association with apoenzymes is transient
D they can serve as cofactors in a number of enzyme catalysed reactions

The correct answer is:
they (prosthetic groups) are tightly bound to apoenzymes

Solution:
Prosthetic groups are organic compounds and are distinguished from other cofactors in that they are tightly bound to the apoenzyme. For example, in peroxidase and catalase, which catalyse the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen, haem is the prosthetic group and it is a part of the active site of the enzyme.

Topic: Biology, Biomolecules (B), NEET, NEET 2019 (Odisha)
Prosthetic groups differ from co-factors in that the former is

Options:
A tightly bound to the coenzyme
B tightly bound to the apoenzyme
C loosely bound to the inorganic catalyst
D tightly bound to the active site

The correct answer is:
tightly bound to the apoenzyme

Solution:
Enzymes are composed of one or several polypeptide chains. However, there are a number of cases in which non-protein constituents called cofactors are bound to the the enzyme to make the enzyme catalytically active. In these instances, the protein portion of the enzymes is called the apoenzyme. Three kinds of cofactors may be identified: prosthetic groups, co-enzymes and metal ions.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Protactinium doesnâ€™t exist in which of the following oxidation states?

Options:
A +3
B +4
C +5
D +6

The correct answer is:
+6

Solution:
Correct Option is : 4
+6

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET
Protandry and protogyny help in

Options:
A Quick fertilization
B Self fertilization
C Cross fertilization
D Delayed fertilization

The correct answer is:
Cross fertilization

Solution:
The reproductive part of the plant, flower, has the male and female sex organs. Such flowers having both the sex organs are called bisexual or monoecious flower. To avoid self-pollination, in such flowers the male and female parts do not mature at the same time. In plants like arum lilies, apple the female part mature before the male part. Such condition is called protogyny. Ivy, rosebay show protandry where the anther matures before pistil. Such situation avoids self-pollination and promotes self pollination leading to cross fertilization. Cross-fertilisation is a process in which gametes derived from different individuals are united to form the zygote. This process mixes the genetic materials and also introduces variation.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Proteases help during isolation of dna by:

Options:
A Cleaving the dna
B Joining the fragments of dna
C Degrading the rna
D Denaturing cellular proteins

The correct answer is:
Denaturing cellular proteins

Solution:
Proteases are the enzymes which digest the protein present inside the cell. Proteases ensure the isolation of DNA without its contamination with proteins.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET