datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Select the incorrect statement regarding the cockroach.

Options:
A In females, the 7th sternum is boat-shaped.
B Males bear a pair of short, threadlike anal styles which are absent in females.
C In both sexes, the 9th segment bears a pair of jointed filamentous structures called anal cerci.
D The abdomen in both males and females consists of 10 segments.

The correct answer is:
In both sexes, the 9th segment bears a pair of jointed filamentous structures called anal cerci.

Solution:
The abdomen in both males and females consists of 10 segments. In females, the 7th sternum is boat shaped and together with the 8th and 9th sterna forms a brood or genital pouch whose anterior part contains female gonopore, spermathecal pores and collateral glands. In males, genital pouch or chamber lies at the hind end of abdomen bounded dorsally by 9th and 10th terga and ventrally by the 9th sternum. It contains dorsal anus, ventral male genital pore and gonapophysis. Males bear a pair of short, threadlike anal styles which are absent in females. In both sexes, the 10th segment bears a pair of jointed filamentous structures called anal cerci.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Select the INCORRECT statement regarding the pedigree analysis.

Options:
A Solid symbols show unaffected individuals.
B Square represents male in the pedigree chart.
C It is useful for genetic counselling.
D It is an analysis of traits in several generations of a family.

The correct answer is:
Solid symbols show unaffected individuals.

Solution:
The pedigree analysis provides information regarding the inheritance of particular traits or diseases and using it we can predict the possibility of appearance of any traits in the new generation. In it, the solid symbols represent affected individuals and empty/non-solid symbols show unaffected individuals. For female, a circle is used and a square represents male.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Select the incorrect statement regarding the transport of gases in the blood.

Options:
A About 97% of O2 is transported by RBCs in the blood.
B Carbonic anhydrase is present in very high concentration in RBC
C High pCO2 and low pO2 in tissue help in binding of carbon dioxide
D CO2 is carried in haemoglobin as carboxyhemoglobin

The correct answer is:
CO2 is carried in haemoglobin as carboxyhemoglobin

Solution:
Carbaminohemoglobin (or Carbaminohemoglobin, also known as carbhaemoglobin and carbohaemoglobin) is a compound of haemoglobin and carbon dioxide, and is one of the forms in which carbon dioxide exists in the blood.
Carboxyhemoglobin(COHb) is a stable complex of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin that forms in red blood cells upon contact with carbon monoxide (CO).

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Select the incorrect statement with reference to mitosis:

Options:
A Spindle fibres attach to centromere of chromosomes.
B Chromosomes decondense at telophase.
C Splitting of centromere occurs at anaphase.
D All the chromosomes lie at the equator at metaphase.

The correct answer is:
Spindle fibres attach to centromere of chromosomes.

Solution:
A kinetochore is a disc-shaped protein structure associated with duplicated chromatids in eukaryotic cells where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart. Spindle fibres attach to the kinetochores which is a proteinaceous assembly formed over the centromere.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 1)
Select the incorrect statement with respect to cartilage.

Options:
A The intercellular material of cartilage is solid and pliable.
B It resists compression.
C All the cartilages in vertebrate embryo are replaced by bone.
D Chondrocytes are cells of cartilage.

The correct answer is:
All the cartilages in vertebrate embryo are replaced by bone.

Solution:
Cartilage is a type of specialized connective tissue whose intercellular material is solid and pliable. It also resists compression. These are known as soft bones. The majority of the cartilage tissue in vertebrate embryos are replaced by hard bones in adults.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Select the incorrect statement with respect to centrioles.

Options:
A Cartwheel-like organization.
B They are made up of nine evenly spaced peripheral fibrils of tubulin.
C The central part is non-proteinaceous and called the hub.
D They form the basal body of cilia or flagella.

The correct answer is:
The central part is non-proteinaceous and called the hub.

Solution:
The central part of centriole is a proteinaceous structure called the hub.which is connected with peripheral triplets by radial spokes.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Select the incorrect statement with respect to enzyme action.

Options:
A The substrate binds to the active site enzyme
B The binding of the substrate induces the enzyme to alter its shape
C Allosteric site breaks the chemical bonds of substrate.
D Enzyme product complex is formed at active site

The correct answer is:
Allosteric site breaks the chemical bonds of substrate.

Solution:
Allostery modifies the active site of the enzyme for the binding of the substrate. Allosteric activators bind to enzyme other than the active site and induce a conformational change with increasing the binding affinity of a substrate to enzyme. Allosteric inhibitors act on the active site of the enzyme and prevent the substrate binding.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Select the incorrect statement with respect to inbreeding of animals.

Options:
A It is used for evolving pure lines in cattle.
B It helps in accumulation of superior genes and elimination of less desirable genes.
C It decreases homozygosity.
D It exposes harmful recessive genes that are eliminated by selection.

The correct answer is:
It decreases homozygosity.

Solution:
Inbreeding always increases homozygosity thus leads to loss of superior characters.
In breeding can be synonymously used as continuous selling through which purelines can be generated for stability of characters.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 2)
Select the incorrect statement with respect to Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer (MOET) Technology.

Options:
A Cow is administered with hormones to induce super-ovulation.
B Super-ovulating cow is either mated with elite bull or is artificially inseminated.
C Fertilised eggs at 4 to 6 cells - stages are recovered non-surgically from super-ovulating cow and transferred to surrogate mother.
D It is used to increase herd size in a short time.

The correct answer is:
Fertilised eggs at 4 to 6 cells - stages are recovered non-surgically from super-ovulating cow and transferred to surrogate mother.

Solution:
Option (3) is answer because, in MOET, the fertilized eggs at $8-32$ cells stages recovered nonsurgically from super-ovulating cow and transferred to surrogate mothers. Hence, the statement given in option (3) is an incorrect statement.
Statements given in options. (1), (2) and (4) are correct statements w.r.t. MOET.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET, NEET 2023 (Manipur)
Select the incorrect statement with respect to the plasma membrane.

Options:
A It is selective permeable.
B It is elastic in nature.
C It is not living
D It is quasi fluid nature.

The correct answer is:
It is not living

Solution:
The plasma membrane is a living, thin, delicate and selectively permeable membrane surrounding the living cell. The membrane is trilaminar and elastic in nature, showing fluidity.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Select the incorrect statement with respect to the prothallus of Pteridophyta.

Options:
A It is gametophytic phase.
B It is multicellular and free-living.
C It is well differentiated with vascular tissue.
D It is small and undifferentiated.

The correct answer is:
It is well differentiated with vascular tissue.

Solution:
Prothallus of Pteridophyta is a multicellular, free-living green photosynthetic gametophyte but it lacks vascular tissue. The plant body is undifferentiated thallus which is similar to the gametophyte of Bryophyta.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Select the incorrect statement w.r.t decomposition.

Options:
A Bacterial and fungal enzymes degrade detritus into simpler inorganic substances in a process is called catabolism.
B Humus is less resistant to microbial action and undergoes decomposition at an extremely slow rate.
C By the process of leaching, watersoluble inorganic nutrients go down into the soil horizon and get precipitated as unavailable salts.
D Decomposition is largely an oxygen-requiring process.

The correct answer is:
Humus is less resistant to microbial action and undergoes decomposition at an extremely slow rate.

Solution:
Humification leads to accumulation of a dark coloured amorphous substance called humus that is highly resistant to microbial action and undergoes decomposition at an extremely slow rate. Being colloidal in nature it serves as a reservoir of nutrients.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Select the INCORRECT statement w.r.t. interferons.

Options:
A Synthesized by uninfected host cells that are susceptible to viral infection.
B They can be used to destroy the tumour.
C α -interferons are secreted by virus infected cells.
D They are categorised under cytokine barrier of innate immunity.

The correct answer is:
Synthesized by uninfected host cells that are susceptible to viral infection.

Solution:
Virus-infected cells secrete proteins called interferons which protect non-infected cells from further viral infection. Tumor cells have been shown to avoid detection and destruction by immune system. Therefore, the patients are given substances called biological response modifiers such as alpha-interferon which activates their immune system and helps in destroying the tumour.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. taxonomic aids.

Options:
A Key is based on set of contrasting characters known as couplet
B There is no universally accepted system for the arrangement of herbarium sheets
C Flora contains actual account of habitat and distribution of plants of a given area
D Monographs contain information on any one taxon

The correct answer is:
There is no universally accepted system for the arrangement of herbarium sheets

Solution:
The herbarium is a storehouse of collected plant specimens that are dried, pressed and preserved on sheets. Further, these sheets are arranged according to a universally accepted system of classification. These specimens, along with their descriptions on herbarium sheets, become a storehouse or repository for future use.

Topic: Biology, The Living World, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Wings of insects and birds are analogous
B Wings of insects and bats show convergent evolution
C Wings of insects and birds are homologous
D Wings of bats and forelimb of humans show divergent evolution

The correct answer is:
Wings of insects and birds are homologous

Solution:
The wings of an insect are analogous to wings of a bird and of a bat. It is due to the fact that the basic structure of the wings of the insect is different from the wings of a bird and of a bat. However, their function is similar.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Select the incorrect statements about DNA.

Options:
A DNA is acidic in nature due to presence of phosphate group.
B DNA act as genetic material in majority of the organisms as it is structurally more stable as compared to RNA.
C In bacteriophage λ, 48502 base pairs are found in DNA.
D F. Meischer first identified the DNA in 1829.

The correct answer is:
F. Meischer first identified the DNA in 1829.

Solution:
DNA (first identified by Friedrich Meischer in 1869). It is a long polymer of deoxyribonucleotides. It is double-stranded in all organisms except few viruses. It is a acidic in nature and negatively charged due to the presence of the phosphate group.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Select the incorrect statements.

(i) The essence of the Darwinian theory of evolution is natural selection
(ii) Evolution is a directed process in the sense of determinism
(iii) The geological history of the earth is not related to the biological history of the earth
(iv) During evolution, the rate of appearance of new forms is linked to the life cycle

Options:
A (i) and (ii)
B (ii) and (iii)
C (i) and (iv)
D (ii) and (iv)

The correct answer is:
(ii) and (iii)

Solution:
Evolution is not a directed process in the sense of determinism, for example, excess use of herbicides, pesticides, etc., has only resulted in the selection of resistant varieties in a much lesser time scale. This is also true for microbes against which we employ antibiotics or drugs against eukaryotic organisms/cells. Hence, resistant organisms/cells are appearing at a time scale of months or years and not centuries. These are examples of evolution by anthropogenic action. It is a stochastic process based on chance events in nature and chance mutation in the organisms. The geological history of earth strongly correlated with the biological history of the earth (The geologic time scale divides up the history of the earth based on life forms that have existed during specific times since the creation of the planet).

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Select the incorrect statements regarding AIDS from the following:

I. AIDS is caused by a retrovirus have two molecules of single-stranded RNA as its genome.
II. AIDS can be successfully treated using anti-retroviral drugs
III. Macrophages act as a viral factory as it leads to the continuous production of new viral particles.
IV. In AIDS, a decrease in B-lymphocyte count is seen.

Options:
A II and IV
B I and III
C I and II
D III and IV

The correct answer is:
II and IV

Solution:
AIDS is caused by Human Immunodeficiency virus which has a protein capsule enclosing two molecules of single stranded RNA. HIV enters the human body and replicates within the macrophages. It causes decrease in T lymphocyte count. Anti-retroviral drugs are only partially effective in the disease and cannot cure it.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Select the incorrect statement/s regarding downstream processing from the one given below.

I. The process occurs during the biosynthetic stage.
II. It is there to facilitate increased production of desired product.
III. It helps to ensure sterile conditions during the manufacturing of the desired product.
IV. Collection of processes to ensure the desired product is ready for marketing.

Options:
A I, II and III only
B I, II, III and IV
C II and III only
D I and IV only

The correct answer is:
I, II and III only

Solution:
The desired product has to be subjected through a series of processes before it is ready for marketing as a finished product, once the biosynthetic stage has completed. The processes include separation and purification, which are collectively referred to as downstream processing.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Select the incorrect statements with respect to adult human hemoglobin.

Options:
A It is quaternary structure
B It contain four non identical polypeptides.
C It contains two alpha and two beta chains.
D Both alpha chains are identical.

The correct answer is:
It contain four non identical polypeptides.

Solution:
Adult hemoglobin is made up of 2 alpha and 2 beta polypeptide chains in which both alpha and both beta chains are identical. Iron is in a ferrous form.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Select the Incorrect statements with respect to Cyclostomes:
(a) They lack scales and paired fins.
(b) They have circular mouth with Jaws.
(c) They bear 6-15 pairs of gills.
(d) They migrate to deep sea for spawning. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Options:
A (a) and (b) only
B (b) and (c) only
C (b) and (d) only
D (a) and (d) only

The correct answer is:
(b) and (d) only

Solution:
Cyclostomes are jawless thus option with jawed behaviour is not correct.
They normally live in marine water but for spawning they move to fresh water.
$\rightarrow$ They are scaleless and contain paired fins.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 2)
Select the incorrect statements.

Options:
A ABA acts as antagonist to GAs.
B Ethylene can act both as a promotor and an inhibitor of growth activity.
C Auxin and ethylene promotes apical dominance.
D ABA promotes seed germination.

The correct answer is:
ABA promotes seed germination.

Solution:
ABA is a growth inhibitor which inhibits seed germination and promotes seed dormancy. It acts opposite or antagonistic to GAs. Ethylene is promoter at low concentration but at high concentration it function as inhibitor. Ethylene is synergistic with auxin at low concentration and promotes apical dominance.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET
Select the incorrect w.r.t cytoplasmic streaming.

Options:
A Symplastic movement may be aided by cytoplasmic streaming.
B Cytoplasmic streaming can be observed in cells of the Hydrilla leaf.
C Over long distances, substances move by cytoplasmic streaming supplemented by passive transport.
D Both (A) and (C)

The correct answer is:
Over long distances, substances move by cytoplasmic streaming supplemented by passive transport.

Solution:
Over small distances, substances move by diffusion and by cytoplasmic streaming supplemented by active transport.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Select the INCORRECTLY matched pair.

Options:
A End products of alcoholic fermentation - Ethanol+CO2
B End products of lactic acid fermentation - Lactic acid + CO2
C RQ of lipids - Less than one
D RQ of carbohydrates - One

The correct answer is:
End products of lactic acid fermentation - Lactic acid + CO2

Solution:
Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen in which pyruvic acid is broken down further and produces a small amount of ATP. In lactic acid fermentation pyruvate is broken down to lactate(lactic acid) in the absence of oxygen and no carbon dioxide is released. This substance makes muscle burn during intense exercise.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
Select the incorrectly matched pair.

Options:
A Denaturation - Separation of DNA strands
B Okazaki fragments - Lagging strand
C Avery, MacLeod and McCarty - Experimental proof that DNA replication is semi-conservative
D High melting point - High G:C content of DNA

The correct answer is:
Avery, MacLeod and McCarty - Experimental proof that DNA replication is semi-conservative

Solution:
Prior to the work of Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty (1933-44), the genetic material was thought to be a protein. They worked to determine the biochemical nature of ‘transforming principle’ in Griffith's experiment.
The experimental proof that DNA replication is semi conservative was given by Meselson and Stahl.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Select the incorrectly matched pair from following:

Options:
A Chondrocytes-Smooth muscle cells
B Neurons-Nerve cells
C Fibroblast-Areolar tissue
D Osteocytes-Bone cells

The correct answer is:
Chondrocytes-Smooth muscle cells

Solution:
Cartilage is a type of connective tissue which is tough, semi-transparent, elastic and flexible. The matrix or ground substance of cartilage consists of glycoprotein material, chondroitin. The cartilage cells called chondrocytes or chondroblasts occur scattered in the matrix inside the spaces called lacunae.

Smooth muscle cells are found surrounding visceral organs and are non-striated involuntary muscles.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET, NEET 2020 (Phase 2)
Select the incorrectly matched pair.

Options:
A Fig and fig wasp–Mutualism
B Cuscuta and hedge plant–Commensalism
C Cuckoo and crow–Brood parasitism
D Goats and Abingdon tortoise on Galapagos Islands–Competition

The correct answer is:
Cuscuta and hedge plant–Commensalism

Solution:
The relationship exhibited by Cuscuta and hedge plant is parasitism. In this interaction, Cuscuta obtains nutrients directly from the hedge plant by producing haustoria and inserting them into the vascular system of the host. Cuscuta is a holoparasite, thus it is completely dependent on the host for all the requirements.

Commensalism: Interaction in which one species benefits and other is neither harmed nor benefited. The species which is benefitted is termed commensal and the other species is called the host. Such a population interaction is represented as (+,0).

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Select the incorrectly matched pairs.

Options:
A Purines - Nitrogenous bases cytosine, thymine and uracil
B Recombinant DNA - DNA formed by joining the DNA segments from two different sources
C rRNA - RNA found in ribosomes
D ATP - The energy-carrying compound in the cell

The correct answer is:
Purines - Nitrogenous bases cytosine, thymine and uracil

Solution:
Nitrogen bases purines are double ringed compound which includes adenine and Guanine. Cytosine, thymne and uracil are single ringed compounds which are pyrimidines. rRNA are ribosomal RNA which combines with protein to form ribosomes. ATP is energy currency of the cell in which energy is carried in high energy phosphate bonds.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Select the mismatch.

Options:
A Fungal disease - black rot of crucifers
B Viral disease - Turnip mosaic
C Variety of Wheat - Himgiri
D Taichung Native-1 - Variety of rice from Taiwan.

The correct answer is:
Fungal disease - black rot of crucifers

Solution:
A wide range of fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens, affect the yield of cultivated crop species, especially in tropical climates. Crop losses can often be significant, up to 20-30 percent, or sometimes even total. In this situation, breeding and development of cultivars resistant to disease enhances food production. Some of the diseases caused by fungi are rusts, e.g., brown rust of wheat, red rot of sugarcane and late blight of potato; by bacteriaâ black rot of crucifers; and by viruses â tobacco mosaic, turnip mosaic, etc.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
Select the mismatch.

Options:
A Gas vacuoles - Green bacteria
B Large central vacuoles - Animal cells
C Protists - Eukaryotes
D Methanogens - Prokaryotes

The correct answer is:
Large central vacuoles - Animal cells

Solution:
Vacuoles: Membrane-bound space found in the cytoplasm is called vacuole. A vacuole contains water, sap, excretory product and other useless materials. The vacuole is bound by a single membrane; called tonoplast.
The vacuole can occupy up to 90% of the volume in a plant cell. In plant cells, the tonoplast facilitates the transport of a number of ions and other materials against concentration gradient into the vacuole. Hence, their concentration is significantly higher in the vacuole than in the cytoplasm.
In Amoeba, the vacuoles can be contractile vacuoles or food vacuoles. Contractile vacuoles helps in storing up of excretory waste, while food vacuoles helps in storing and gathering foods.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 2)
Select the mismatch:

Options:
A Frankia-Alnus
B Rhodospirillum-Mycorrhiza
C Anabaena-Nitrogen fixer
D Rhizobium-Alfalfa

The correct answer is:
Rhodospirillum-Mycorrhiza

Solution:
Amongst the given options Rhodospirillum- mycorrhiza is mismatched. Rhodospirillum is anaerobic, free-living nitrogen fixer. Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots of higher plants. Anabaena is a cyanobacteria which can fix atmospheric nitrogen. Rhizobium is a symbiotic bacterium with leguminous plants which helps Nitrogen fixation. Frankia is also another cyanobacteria which is associated with Alnus and helps in nitrogen fixation.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET, NEET 2017