datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Which one of the following pairs is wrongly matched?

Options:
A Yeast - ethanol
B Streptomycetes - Antibiotic
C Coliforms - vinegar
D Methanogens - gobar gas.

The correct answer is:
Coliforms - vinegar

Solution:
Coliforms are a broad class of bacteria found in our environment, including the faeces of man and other warm-blooded animals. The presence of coliform bacteria in the water body indicates the high BOD of water. Acetobacter aceti is used in the production of vinegar.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Which one of the following pairs of animal comprises 'jawless fishes'?

Options:
A Lampreys and eels
B Mackerals and rohu
C Lampreys and hag fishes
D Guppies and hag fishes

The correct answer is:
Lampreys and hag fishes

Solution:
Lampreys and Myxine (hag fish) belong to the class-Cyclostomata, group-Agnatha of Vertebrata. Agnatha have mouth without jaws. In these, mouth is ventral, suctorial and circular.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Which one of the following pairs of codons in correctly matched with their function or the signal for the particular amino acid?

Options:
A GUU, GCU - Alanine
B UAG, UGA - Stop
C AUG, ACG - Start/Methionine
D UUA, UCA - Leucine

The correct answer is:
UAG, UGA - Stop

Solution:
GCU indicates alanine but GUU indicates valine.
Stop codons are UAG, UGA and UAA AUG is the most common start codon which does for methionine.
UUA indicates leucine but UAC indicates serine.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Which one of the following pairs of codons is correctly matched with their function or the signal for the particular amino acid?

Options:
A GUU, GCU - Alanine
B UAG, UGA - Stop
C AUG, ACG - Start/methionine
D UUA, UCA - Leucine

The correct answer is:
UAG, UGA - Stop

Solution:
The group of nucleotides that specifies one amino acid is a code word or codon. The nucleotides of mRNA are arranged as a linear sequence of codons, each codon consisting of three successive nitrogenous bases. Three codons UAG, UAA and UGA are the chain stop or termination codons. They do not code for any of the amino acids.
In most organisms AUG codon is the start or initiation codon, ie, the polypeptide chain starts either with methionine or $N$-formylmethionine.
Leucine - UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG
Alanine - GUC, GCC, GCA, GCG
GUU - Valine
UCA - Serine

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET, NEET 2008 (Screening)
Which one of the following pairs of elements are involved in the photolysis of water?

Options:
A Manganese and Potassium
B Magnesium and Molybdenum
C Magnesium and Chlorine
D Manganese and Chlorine

The correct answer is:
Manganese and Chlorine

Solution:
The electrons that were moved from photosystem II must be replaced. This is achieved by electrons available due to splitting of water. The splitting of water is associated with the PS II; water is split into 2H+, [O] and electrons. This creates oxygen, one of the net products of photosynthesis. The electrons needed to replace those removed from photosystem I are provided by photosystem II. The photolysis complex requires element like manganese and chlorine for functioning.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Which one of the following pairs of features is an excellent example of polygenic inheritance?

Options:
A Human eye colour and sickle cell anaemia.
B Hair pigment of mouse and tongue rolling in humans.
C ABO blood group in humans and flower colour of Mirabilis jalapa.
D Human height and skin colour.

The correct answer is:
Human height and skin colour.

Solution:
Polygenic inheritance is the trait under the control of more than one pair of genes, e.g. skin colour (trigenic) and human height.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Which one of the following pairs of food components in humans reaches the stomach totally undigested?

Options:
A Protein and starch
B Starch and fat
C Fat and cellulose
D Starch and cellulose

The correct answer is:
Fat and cellulose

Solution:
In humans, starch is digested in buccopharyngeal cavity. Cellulose is not digested in the humans because cellulose contains $\beta-1$, 4-linkage and vertebrates themselves do not possess any enzyme capable of hydrolyzing $\beta-1$, 4-linkages. Protein is digested in stomach and fat in small intestine. Thus, in the given options, fat and cellulose reach totally undigested in the stomach of humans.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Which one of the following pairs of food components in humans reaches the stomach totally undigested?

Options:
A Protein and starch
B Starch and fat
C Fat and cellulose
D Starch and cellulose

The correct answer is:
Fat and cellulose

Solution:
In Humans, starch is digested in the buccopharyngeal cavity. Cellulose is not digested in the humans because cellulose contains Î²-1, 4-linkage and vertebrates do not possess any enzyme capable of hydrolyzing Î²-1, 4-linkages. Protein is digested in the stomach and fat in the small intestine. Thus, in the given options, fat and cellulose reach totally undigested in the stomach of humans.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
Which one of the following pairs of gases are the major cause of 'Green house effect'?

Options:
A $\mathrm{CO}_2$ and $\mathrm{CO}$
B $\mathrm{CFCs}$ and $\mathrm{SO}_2$
C $\mathrm{CO}_2$ and $\mathrm{N}_2 \mathrm{O}$
D $\mathrm{CO}_2$ and $\mathrm{O}_3$

The correct answer is:
$\mathrm{CO}_2$ and $\mathrm{N}_2 \mathrm{O}$

Solution:
The phenomenon of keeping the earth warm due to presence of certain radiatively gases in the atmosphere is called green house effect (Fourier, 1827). The name is based after a similar warmer interior in a glass-enclosed green house where glass panes, $\mathrm{CO}_2$ and water vapour allow the solar radiations to enter but prevent the escape of long wave heat radiations. $\mathrm{CO}_2$ and $\mathrm{N}_2 \mathrm{O}$ are the major cause of "green house effect". $\mathrm{CO}_2$ contributes $60 \%$ of total global warming. $\mathrm{N}_2 \mathrm{O}$ contributes $6 \%$ to green house effect.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET, NEET 2011 (Screening)
Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus)?

Options:
A Insulin and glucagon
B Thyroxin and insulin
C Somatostatin and oxytocin
D Cortisol and testosterone

The correct answer is:
Cortisol and testosterone

Solution:
Cortisol and testosterone are lipid soluble hormones, which can directly pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind with interacellular receptors.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET, NEET 2012 (Screening)
Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus)?

Options:
A Insulin, glucagon
B Thyroxin, insulin
C Somatostain, oxytocin
D Cortisol, testosterone

The correct answer is:
Cortisol, testosterone

Solution:
​Cortisol and testosterone are steroid hormones which are lipid soluble and easily pass through the cell membrane of a target cell and bind to specific intracellular receptors.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Which one of the following pairs of organisms are exotic species introduced in India?

Options:
A Lantana camara, water hyacinth
B water hyacinth, Prosopis cinereria
C nile perch, Ficus religiosa
D Ficus religiosa, Lantana camara.

The correct answer is:
Lantana camara, water hyacinth

Solution:
Exotic species are the species that has been introduced from another geographic region to an area outside its natural range. Examples are water hyacinth, Lantana camara.

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET, NEET 2007
Which one of the following pairs of organisms are exotic species introduced in India?

Options:
A Ficus religiosa, Lantana camara
B Lantana camara, Water hyacinth
C Water hyacinth, Prosopis cineraria
D Nile perch, Ficus religiosa

The correct answer is:
Lantana camara, Water hyacinth

Solution:
A species of organism that is not native to a locality and is moved there from its natural range by humans or other agents is called exotic species, e.g., in India, water hyacinth, Lantana camara, etc.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Which one of the following pairs of organs includes only the endocrine glands?

Options:
A Parathyroid and adrenal
B Pancreas and parathyroid
C Thymus and testes
D Adrenal and ovary

The correct answer is:
Parathyroid and adrenal

Solution:
In vertebrate body the glands may be classified on the basis of presence or absence of ducts, ie, exocrine and endocrine glands. The secretions of exocrine glands are carried by ducts to a particular organ for some metabolic activity, eg, salivary glands, liver. The endocrine glands have no ducts and their secretions get absorbed into the immediate surrounding blood circulation to reach the specific organs to initiate a particular metabolic change, eg, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, thymus. The glands, which have dual functions (ie, secretion of hormones and some other functions) are called heterocrine glands, $\mathrm{eg}$, pancreas, testes, ovaries.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET, NEET 2008 (Screening)
Which one of the following pairs of organs includes only the endocrine glands?

Options:
A Parathyroid and Suprarenal
B Pancreas and Parathyroid
C Thymus and Testes
D Adrenal and Ovary

The correct answer is:
Parathyroid and Suprarenal

Solution:
Parathyroid and Adrenal are the endocrine glands. Adrenal glands are the pairs of endocrine glands situated immediately above the kidneys. Hence they are also known as suprarenal glands.
Parathyroid glands are the two pairs of endocrine glands situated behind the thyroid gland in higher vertebrates. They produce parathyroid hormone, which controls the amount of calcium in the blood. The thymus is a temporary endocrine gland as its secretion decreases with age, while the pancreas, testis, and ovary are an example of heterocrine glands.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Which one of the following pairs of plants are not seed producers?

Options:
A Fern and Funaria
B Funaria and Ficus
C Ficus and Chlamydomonas
D Punica and Pinus

The correct answer is:
Fern and Funaria

Solution:
Fern and Funaria belong to pteridophytes and bryophytes respectively so they do not reproduce by producing seeds.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2003
Which one of the following pairs of solution can we expect to be isotonic at the same temperature?

Options:
A 0.1 M urea and 0.1 M NaCl
B 0.1 M urea and 0.2 M MgCl2
C 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M Na2SO4
D 0.1 M Ca (NO3)2 and 0.1 M Na2SO4

The correct answer is:
0.1 M Ca (NO3)2 and 0.1 M Na2SO4

Solution:
Here 0.1 M Ca (NO3)2 and 0.1 M Na2SO4 are isotonic at same temperature as follows
π[Ca(NO3)2]=iCRT
=3×0.1RT=0.3RT
π[Na2SO4]=iCRT
=3×0.1RT=0.3RT

Topic: Chemistry, Solutions, NEET
Which one of the following pairs of solution is not an acidic buffer?

Options:
A HClO4 and NaClO4
B CH3COOH and CH3COONa
C H2CO3 and Na2CO3
D H3PO4 and Na3PO4

The correct answer is:
HClO4 and NaClO4

Solution:
Strong acid with its salt cannot form buffer solution. HClO4 and NaClO4 cannot act as an acidic buffer.

Topic: Chemistry, Ionic Equilibrium, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 2)
Which one of the following pairs of species has the same bond order?

Options:
A CO, NO
B O2, NO+
C CN-, CO
D N2, O2-

The correct answer is:
CN-, CO

Solution:
Total number of electrons in CN−=14
Total number of electrons in CO=14
CN− and CO both have bond order of 3 each.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET, NEET 2017
Which one of the following pairs of structures are correctly matched with their description?

Options:
A Tibia and fibula - Both form parts of acetabulum cavity
B Cartilage and cornea - Oxygen is required for respiratory need and is supplied by the blood vessels
C Shoulder joint and elbow joint - Synovial type of joints
D Premolars and molars - 20 in all and 3 rooted

The correct answer is:
Shoulder joint and elbow joint - Synovial type of joints

Solution:
Synovial joints are characterised by the presence of a fluid-filled synovial cavity between the articulating surfaces of the two bones. Such an arrangement allows considerable movement. These joints help in locomotion and many other movements. Ball and socket joint (between the humerus and pectoral girdle), hinge joint (knee joint), pivot joint (between atlas and axis), gliding joint (between the carpals) and saddle joint (between carpal and metacarpal of thumb) are some examples.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Which one of the following pairs of structures distinguishes a nerve cell from other types of cells?

Options:
A Vacuoles and fibres
B Flagellum and medullary sheath
C Nucleus and mitochondria
D Cell body of a neuron and dendrites

The correct answer is:
Cell body of a neuron and dendrites

Solution:
The cytoplasm immediately surrounding the nucleus is loaded with protein synthetic machinery and is called perikaryon. Dendrites are usually shorter, tapering and much-branched processes which may be one to several. These two are only present in nerve cells.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Which one of the following pairs of terms/names are the same?

Options:
A

Gene pool - genome

B

Cistron - triplet

C

DNA fingerprinting - DNA profiling

D

Codon - gene

The correct answer is:

DNA fingerprinting - DNA profiling

Solution:
Gene pool is the sum total of genes present in the inbreeding population, whereas genome is a complete set of genes in the haploid case of chromosomes. A codon is a triplicate of nucleotide, whereas gene is a linear segment of DNA. Cistron is a segment of the DNA molecule carrying information for the production of one polypeptide chain. DNA fingerprinting is also known as DNA profiling or DNA typing.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Which one of the following pairs represents stetreoisomerism?

Options:
A Structural isomerism and geometric isomerism
B Optical isomerism and geometric isomerism
C Chain isomerism and rotational isomerism
D Linkage isomerism and geometric isomerism

The correct answer is:
Optical isomerism and geometric isomerism

Solution:
Types of stereoisomerism are optical isomerism and geometrical isomerism. (Ref. to Fig. 27.1)
Related Theory
Diastereomers which differ in only one stereocenter (out of two or more) are called epimers. D-glucose and D-galactose can therefore be refered to as epimers as well as diastereomers.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET, NEET 2005
Which one of the following palindromic base sequences in DNA can be easily cut at about the middle by some particular restriction enzyme?

Options:
A $5^{\prime}-\mathrm{CGTTCG}-3^{\prime}$
3'-ATGGTA-5'
B 5'-GATATG-3' 3'-CTACTA-5
C $5^{\prime}-\mathrm{GAATTC}-3^{\prime}$ $3^{\prime}-\mathrm{CTTAAG}-5^{\prime}$
D 5'-CACGTA-3' $3^{\prime}-\mathrm{CTCAGT}-5^{\prime}$

The correct answer is:
$5^{\prime}-\mathrm{GAATTC}-3^{\prime}$ $3^{\prime}-\mathrm{CTTAAG}-5^{\prime}$

Solution:
The palindromic base sequence is a sequence in double-stranded nucleic acids that reads the same on both strands when reading one strand from left to right and the other from right to left (ie, both strands are read $5^{\prime} \rightarrow 3$ ). Out of the given options
$$
\begin{aligned}
& 5^{\prime}-\text { GAATTC-3 } \\
& 3 \text {-CTTAAG-5 }
\end{aligned}
$$
is a palindromic sequence that can be cut at about the middle by particular restriction enzyme.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET, NEET 2010 (Screening)
Which one of the following palindromic base sequences in DNA can be easily cut by EcoRI restriction enzyme?

Options:
A 5'..........CGTTCG..........3'
3'..........ATGGTA..........5'
B 5'..........GATATG..........3'
3'..........CTACTA..........5'
C 5'..........GAATTC..........3'
3'..........CTTAAG..........5'
D 5'..........CACGTA..........3'
3'..........CTCAGT..........5'

The correct answer is:
5'..........GAATTC..........3'
3'..........CTTAAG..........5'

Solution:
Palindromic sequences in DNA molecule are a group of bases that form the same sequence when reading in both forward and backward directions.
5'..........GAATTC..........3'
3'..........CTTAAG..........5'
represent a palindromic sequence for EcoRI.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Which one of the following parts of the nephron are lined with cuboidal epithelium with very few microvilli?

Options:
A Proximal convoluted Tubule
B Distal Convoluted Tubule
C Bowman's capsule
D Glomerulus

The correct answer is:
Distal Convoluted Tubule

Solution:
In a nephron, PCT has cuboidal epithelium with microvilli. Hence there is maximum absorption at PCT. DCT has cuboidal epithelium with low microvilli, Bowman's capsule has squamous epithelium and Glomerulus is a tuft of fenestrated capillaries with squamous epithelium.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET
Which one of the following phenomena supports Darwin's concept of natural selection in organic evolution?

Options:
A development of transgenic animals
B production of 'Dolly', the sheep by cloning
C prevalence of pesticide resistant insects
D development of organs from 'stem cells' for organ transplantation.

The correct answer is:
prevalence of pesticide resistant insects

Solution:
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, The individual possessing useful variations survive whereas the others are eliminated. Nature selects the best suited and discards the others (survival of the fittest). Pesticide resistant insects are selected over pesticide sensitive insects by nature, and are thus survive through the course of evolution, until more suited (fittest) individual is selected, eliminating the former.
Related Theory
Darwinism can explain the survival of fittest but is unable to account for arrival of the fittest. It is difficult to suppose that small variations could have formed organs like wings and mimicry colouration which are useful only in their fully developed state but what about their presence in early stages.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET, NEET 2005
Which one of the following phenomena supports Darwin's concept of natural selection in organic evolution?

Options:
A Development of transgenic animals
B Production of 'Dolly', the sheep by cloning
C Prevalence of pesticide resistant insects
D Development of organs from 'stem cells' for organ transplantation

The correct answer is:
Prevalence of pesticide resistant insects

Solution:
When DDT was sprayed to kill mosquitoes, there were only a few mosquitoes that were already resistant to DDT, and hence survived. Most of the mosquitoes which were sensitive to DDT died.
Due to differential reproduction, the resistant mosquitoes got more chances of reproduction and multiplied. After a few generations, most of the mosquitoes were resistant. The sensitive were very few, This supports Darwin's theory of natural selection and survival of the fittest.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Which one of the following phyla is CORRECTLY matched with its two general characteristics?

Options:
A

Annelida	Notochord at some stage and separate anal and urinary openings to the outside

B

Echinodermata	Pentamerous radial symmetry and mostly internal fertilization

C

Mollusca	Normally oviparous and development through a trochophore or veliger larva

D

Arthropoda	Body divided into head, thorax and respiration by tracheae

The correct answer is:

Mollusca	Normally oviparous and development through a trochophore or veliger larva

Solution:
Annelids are Non Chordates and hence do not possess notochord at any stage. Echinodermata shows pentamerous radial symmetry but fertilization takes place outside the body and this is external fertilization. Mollousca are mostly oviparous and also shows larval stage. In Arthropods the body is divided into head thorax and abdomen.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Which one of the following phyla is correctly matched with its two general characteristics?

Options:
A Athropoda
B Chordata
- Body divided into head, thorax and abdomen and respiration by tracheae
- Notochord at some stage and separate anal and urinary openings to the cutside
C Echinodermata - Pentamerous radial symmetry and mostly internal fertilization
D Mollusca
- Normally oviparous and development through a trochophore or veliger larva

The correct answer is:
Mollusca
- Normally oviparous and development through a trochophore or veliger larva

Solution:
Arthropoda is the largest phylum of animal kingdom. Body of arthropod is divisible into head, thorax and abdomen. Head and thorax often fused to form cephalothorax. The respiration takes place by general body surface, gills, tracheae or book lungs.
Molluscs are dioecious or monoecious, one or more gonads with gonoducts, opening into renal ducts or to exterior. The fertilization is external or internal, development direct or through free larval forms.
Echinoderms have a pentamerous radial symmetry derived from an original bilateral symmetry. The fertilization is external, development indirect through free-swimming larval forms.
Chordates are sharply distinguished from non-chordates by presence of notochord, dorsal tubular central nervous system and pharyngeal gills slits.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2008 (Screening)
Which one of the following phyla is correctly matched with its two general characteristics?

Options:
A Arthropoda - Body divided into head, thorax and abdomen and respiration by tracheae
B Chordata - Notochord at some stage and separate anal and urinary openings to the outside
C Echinodermata - Pentamerous radial symmetry and mostly internal fertilisation
D Mollusca - Normally viviparous and locomotion through polyp and medusa

The correct answer is:
Arthropoda - Body divided into head, thorax and abdomen and respiration by tracheae

Solution:
Arthropoda is the largest phylum of animal kingdom. Body of arthropod is divisible into head,thorax and abdomen. Head and thorax often fused to form cephalothorax. The respiration takes place by general body surface,gills,tracheae or book lungs. Mollusks are dioecious or monoecious,one or more gonads with gonoducts,opening into renal ducts or to exterior. The fertilization is external or internal,development direct or through free larval forms. Echinoderms have a pentamerous radial symmetry derived from an original bilateral symmetry. The fertilization is external,development indirect through free-swimming larval forms. Chordates are sharphy distinguished from non-chordates by presence of notochord,dorsal tubular central nervous system and pharyngeal gills slits.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Which one of the following pituitary hormones do not have a particular target gland to act upon?

Options:
A Thyrotropin
B Somatotropin
C Gonadotropin
D Adrenocorticotropin

The correct answer is:
Somatotropin

Solution:
Somatotropin hormone is a peptide hormone. It is also called growth hormone. It is secreted by somatotrophic cells in the anterior pituitary. It stimulates the liver, cartilage, bones, and other tissues. Thyrotropin stimulates the thyroid gland, gonadotropins (FSH and LH) act on testis, ovary, and adrenocorticotropin acts on the adrenal cortex.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Which one of the following plant growth regulator is known as 'stress hormone'?

Options:
A Abscisic acid
B Ethylene
C GA3
D Indole acetic acid

The correct answer is:
Abscisic acid

Solution:
Abscisic acid prepares plants to cope with stress conditions like drought, etc. by inducing stomatal closure and other reactions. Hence it is named stress hormone.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET