datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Which of these differences between male and female cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) is correct?

Options:
A The testis in male cockroach is longer than the ovary in female cockroach.
B The male cockroach has anal cerci while female cockroach has an anal style.
C The male cockroach has one chromosome less than the female cockroach.
D The spermatheca is found in male cockroach while ootheca is found in the female cockroach.

The correct answer is:
The male cockroach has one chromosome less than the female cockroach.

Solution:
The male reproductive system of cockroach consists of a pair of testes lying on each lateral side in the 4th -6th abdominal segments. The female reproductive system of cockroach consists of two large ovaries, lying laterally in the 2nd - 6th abdominal segments. Thus ovaries are longer than testes. Males bear a pair of short, threadlike anal styles which are absent in females. In both sexes, the 10th segment bears a pair of jointed filamentous structures called anal cerci. A pair of spermatheca is present in the 6th segment of female cockroach which opens into the genital chamber. Their fertilized eggs are encased in capsules called oothecae. Periplaneta americana has a XX-XO type of sex determination. Females have 34 chromosomes (32+XX) and males have 33 chromosomes (32+X).

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Which of these ecosystems has the lowest net primary production per square meter?

Options:
A A coral reef
B An open ocean
C A grassland
D A marshy area

The correct answer is:
An open ocean

Solution:
In ecology, primary production is the synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric. However, even in the tropics, there are variations in productivity over the course of the year. Unlike terrestrial ecosystems, the majority of primary production in the ocean is performed by free-living microscopic organisms called phytoplankton. As we move from the shore towards the open ocean, available nutrients are getting lesser and thereby decreasing productivity.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Which of these Eltonian pyramids are correctly described?

Options:
A Pyramid of numbers- may be erect or inverted, Pyramid of biomass- may be erect or inverted, Pyramid of energy- may be erect or inverted
B Pyramid of numbers- always erect, Pyramid of biomass- may be erect or inverted, Pyramid of energy- may be erect or inverted
C Pyramid of numbers- may be erect or inverted, Pyramid of biomass- always erect, Pyramid of energy- may be erect or inverted
D Pyramid of numbers- may be erect or inverted, Pyramid of biomass- may be erect or inverted, Pyramid of energy- always erect

The correct answer is:
Pyramid of numbers- may be erect or inverted, Pyramid of biomass- may be erect or inverted, Pyramid of energy- always erect

Solution:
Energy keeps on decreasing in successive trophic levels. Hence, producers will have maximum energy while top carnivore will have the least energy. Hence, the pyramid of energy is always erect and never inverted. Pyramids of numbers and biomass may be upright or inverted.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Which of these enzymes are involved in the DNA isolation of fungi?

Options:
A Pectinase
B Cellulase
C Chitinase
D Ribonuclease

The correct answer is:
Chitinase

Solution:
In order to cut the DNA with restriction enzymes, it needs to be in a pure form, free from other macromolecules. Since the DNA is enclosed within the membranes, we have to break the cell open to release DNA along with other macromolecules such as RNA, proteins, polysaccharides and also lipids. This can be achieved by treating the bacterial cells, plant or animal tissue or fungal cells with enzymes such as lysozyme (bacteria), cellulase (plant cells), and chitinase (fungus), respectively.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Which of these epithelia doesn't help in secretion and absorption?

Options:
A Simple squamous epithelium
B Simple cuboidal epithelium
C Simple columnar epithelium
D All of these

The correct answer is:
Simple squamous epithelium

Solution:
The squamous epithelium helps in filtration and diffusion. It doesn't help in secretion and absorption. Cuboidal epithelium and columnar epithelium help in secretion and absorption. Cuboidal epithelium in thyroid and nephrons help in absorption. Columnar cells in stomach and intestine are also helpful in absorption and excretion

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Which of these events are parts of mitosis?

I. Interphase
II. Anaphase
III. Cytokinesis

Options:
A I, II and III
B I and III only
C I only
D II only

The correct answer is:
II only

Solution:
Mitosis is one of the two divisional phase in cell-cycle. It occurs after interphase and is succeeded by cytokinesis (cytoplasm division). Mitosis has prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase as the stages of karyokinesis in the same order.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
Which of these examples will have the steepest curve when log of species richness and log of area are plotted on a graph?

Options:
A plants in Britain
B birds in California
C molluscs in New York state
D mammals in the tropical forests of different continents

The correct answer is:
mammals in the tropical forests of different continents

Solution:
Biodiversity includes all the flora and fauna on Earth. All the varieties of organisms come under biodiversity. German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt made the observation regarding the relationship between species richness and the area of the habitat. As per his observation, species richness increased with increasing area of habitat up to a limit. When plotted in a graph, this relationship forms a rectangular hyperbola. On a log scale, the relationship is a straight line.
Tropical forests are very rich with vegetation and when we consider different continents, the area is very large. Species number over a vast area increases quite fast than explores area resulting in a steep slope giving a higher value. If slope of line is steep then it means that the slope will make smaller angle with the x- axis. The slope for mammals spread over different continent has been observed to be ~1.15.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Which of these flowers will be largest in size?

Options:
A entomophilous
B hydrophilous
C ornithophilous
D anemophilous

The correct answer is:
ornithophilous

Solution:
Flowers pollinated by birds are called ornithophilous flowers. They have a corolla tube formed by the fusion of petals. This allows the beak of the bird to be placed in the flower. They have large amount of nectar. They are without fragrance since the birds can't smell. Insect pollinated (entomophilous) flowers will be bright coloured and with sweet smell. Bat pollinated (chirophtherophilous) flowers are generally white flowers with rotting fruit odour. Wind pollinated (Anemophilous) flowers are small, not coloured and not fragrant

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Which of these following methods is the most suitable for disposal of nuclear waste?

Options:
A Shoot the waste into space
B Bury the waste under Antarctic ice-water
C Dump the waste within rocks under deep ocean
D Bury the waste within rocks deep below the earth's surface

The correct answer is:
Bury the waste within rocks deep below the earth's surface

Solution:
Disposal of nuclear waste, after sufficient pre-treatment, should be done in suitably shielded container that is buried within the rocks, about 500 m deep below the earth surface.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET, NEET 2019 (All India)
Which of these forms a symbiotic association with roots and helps to improve phosphorus uptake?

Options:
A Glomus
B Rhizobium
C Azosprillum
D More than one option is correct

The correct answer is:
Glomus

Solution:
Fungi are also known to form symbiotic associations with plants (mycorrhiza). Many members of the genus Glomus form mycorrhiza. The fungal symbiont in these associations absorbs phosphorus from soil and passes it to the plant. Plants having such associations show other benefits also, such as resistance to root-borne pathogens, tolerance to salinity and drought, and an overall increase in plant growth and development.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Which of these fruits are obtained from polycarpellary apocarpous gynoecium?

Options:
A composite fruit
B simple fruit
C aggregate fruit
D false fruit

The correct answer is:
aggregate fruit

Solution:
Simple fruit is formed from a single ovary in a flower (mango). Aggregate fruit is formed when there are multiple ovaries which are not fused (custard apple). Composite fruit is produced when the entire inflorescence involved in fruit formation (pineapple). False fruit is a fruit which doesn't develop from ovary (in apples it develops from thalamus)

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Which of these fungi does not have a branched and septate mycelium?

Options:
A Neurospora
B Albugo
C Ustilago
D Colletotrichum

The correct answer is:
Albugo

Solution:
Branched and septate mycelium is found in Ascomycetes (sac fungi), Basidiomycetes (club fungi), and Deuteromycetes (imperfect fungi). The mycelium is aseptate and coenocytic in Phycomycetes. Neurospora belongs to Ascomycetes, Ustilago belongs to Basidiomycetes, Colletotrichum belongs to Deuteromycetes and Albugo, a parasitic fungus on mustard, belongs to Phycomycetes.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Which of these gases were not used by Stanley Miller in his electric discharge experiment?

Options:
A Methane
B Hydrogen
C Water vapour
D Nitrogen

The correct answer is:
Nitrogen

Solution:
Stanley Miller created electric discharge in a closed flask containing methane, hydrogen, ammonia and water vapor at 800°C. He simulated the early earth's atmosphere and was able to get amino acids. Thus, he experimentally proved that life originated from inorganic matter.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Which of these genotypes are of homozygous individuals?

Options:
A AABBCC
B AAbbCC
C AABBcc
D All of these genotypes

The correct answer is:
All of these genotypes

Solution:
Homozygous individuals breed purely for a character. They should have the same allele for a particular character. AAbbCC is homozygous dominant for A, homozygous recessive for B and homozygous dominant for C. Thus, this organism is homozygous and will produce only one type of gamete. Similarly, AABBCC and AABBcc are homozygous too.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Which of these glands are correctly matched with their embryonic origin and chemical nature of their hormones?

Gland	Germ layer of formation	Chemical nature of hormones

(i)	Adrenal cortex	ectoderm	steroids

(ii)	Adrenal medulla	mesoderm	catecholamines

(iii)	Pancreas	mesoderm	polypeptides

(iv)	Parathyroid Gland	endoderm	polypeptides

Options:
A (i)
B (ii)
C (iii)
D (iv)

The correct answer is:
(iv)

Solution:
The adrenal cortex is derived from mesoderm and it produces glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens which are steroid hormones. The adrenal medulla is derived from ectoderm and it produces epinephrine and norepinephrine which are catecholamines. The pancreas is derived from endoderm and it produces insulin and glucagon which are peptide hormones. The parathyroid gland is derived from endoderm and it produces a polypeptide hormone called parathormone or Collip's hormone.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Which of these has not evolved from Psilophyton?

Options:
A Sphenopsids
B Ferns
C Arborescent lycopods
D Ginkgos

The correct answer is:
Arborescent lycopods

Solution:
Psilophyton in the Silurian period is the common ancestor for sphenopsids, ferns, ginkgos, conifers, gnetales, cycads and Angiosperms. Tracheophyte ancestors evolved to Zosterophyllum which further evolved to arborescent lycopods and then to herbaceous lycopods.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Which of these hormones is not produced by hypophysis cerebri?

Options:
A Growth hormone
B Follicle stimulating hormone
C Oxytocin
D Adrenocorticotrophic hormone.

The correct answer is:
Oxytocin

Solution:
The pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri) is divided into two parts, the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. The adenohypophysis consists of two parts the pars distalis also known as anterior pituitary and pars intermedia. The anterior pituitary produces growth hormone, proclactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotrophic hormone, Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone. The neurohypophysis also known as posterior pituitary stores oxytocin and vasopressin. It does not produce these hormones, they are produced by the hypothalamus and are transported and stored in the posterior pituitary from where they are released.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Which of these hormones targets sertoli cells for the production of androgen binding protein and favours spermiogenesis?

Options:
A LH
B FSH
C Inhibin
D ICSH

The correct answer is:
FSH

Solution:
Spermatogenesis starts at the age of puberty due to a significant increase in the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This, if you recall, is a hypothalamic hormone. The increased levels of GnRH then acts at the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates secretion of two gonadotropins – luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). LH acts at the Leydig cells and stimulates synthesis and secretion of androgens. Androgens, in turn, stimulate the process of spermatogenesis. FSH acts on the Sertoli cells and stimulates the secretion of some factors like androgen binding proteins which help in the process of spermiogenesis.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Which of these interactions between hormones of menstrual cycle is correct?

Options:
A Estrogen has an inhibitory effect on the release of LH but a stimulatory effect on the release of FSH
B Estrogen has an inhibitory effect on the release of FSH but a stimulatory effect on the release of LH
C Progesterone has an inhibitory effect on the release of LH but a stimulatory effect on the release of FSH
D Progesterone has an inhibitory effect on the release of FSH but a stimulatory effect on the release of LH

The correct answer is:
Estrogen has an inhibitory effect on the release of FSH but a stimulatory effect on the release of LH

Solution:
FSH causes the development of Graafian follicle which releases estrogen. Estrogen regulates the action of FSH by a negative feedback action. Increase in the blood concentration of estrogen stimulates the pituitary to release LH (LH surge) to cause ovulation. After ovulation LH causes the development of corpus luteum which releases progesterone. Progesterone regulates the action of LH by a negative feedback action. As long as progesterone is high a new cycle doesn't begin. It prevents release of FSH by the pituitary.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Which of these is a drug of choice for AIDS treatment?

Options:
A Rifampicin
B Zidovudine
C Streptomycin
D Penicillin

The correct answer is:
Zidovudine

Solution:
AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It is caused by HIV i.e Human immunodeficiency virus. This is sexually transmitted infection. It cannot be fully cured but there are certain antiviral drugs that prevent the opportunistic infections partially. These drugs are Zidovudine, Lamivudine, Stamidine etc.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Which of these is a non-infectious and non-communicable disease?

Options:
A Anthrax
B Malaria
C Rheumatoid arthirtis
D Tuberculosis

The correct answer is:
Rheumatoid arthirtis

Solution:
Sometimes, due to genetic or unknown reasons, the body is unable to differentiate between its own and foreign cells and attacks its own cells. This is known as auto-immunity and the diseases occurring as a result of this are known as auto-immune diseases. Rheumatoid arthiritis is an example of auto-immune disease in humans.Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis, Malaria is caused by protozoan Plasmodium, TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thus these diseases are infectious and communicable

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Which of these is a non-steroidal contraceptive pill?

Options:
A Mala D
B Mala L
C Saheli
D Progestogens

The correct answer is:
Saheli

Solution:
Saheli or Ormeloxifene or centchroman is a selective estrogen receptor modulator. It is a non-steroidal oral contraceptive pill to be consumed once a week. It was developed by Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) in Lucknow, India.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
Which of these is a part of the appendicular skeleton?

Options:
A Ribs
B Cranium
C Clavicle
D Vertebrae

The correct answer is:
Clavicle

Solution:
The appendicular skeleton is composed of the bones of the pectoral girdle (arms, forearms, hand), upper limbs, lower limbs and the pelvic. The pectoral girdle bones consist of the clavicle and scapula to provide attachment for muscles that move shoulders and upper limbs. The clavicles are slender S-shaped bones and are classified as long bones. The other three are parts of the axial skeleton.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
Which of these is a STD?

Options:
A Typhoid
B Tetanus
C Leprosy
D Hepatitis - B

The correct answer is:
Hepatitis - B

Solution:
STD's are Sexually Transmitted diseases. These are known as Venereal diseases. These spread through sexual contact and also through blood transfusion. Examples are AIDS, Hepatitis B, Gonorrhoea, Genital herpes, Chlamydia etc. Hepatitis B is the condition that affects liver cells.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
Which of these is a striated muscle but not voluntary?

Options:
A Abdominal muscle
B Bisceps muscles
C Wrist muscles
D Cardiac muscles

The correct answer is:
Cardiac muscles

Solution:
Human muscles are classified into three types depending on location, function and structure. These three types are:
1 Skeletal or striated or voluntary
2 Smooth or involuntary or non striated
3 Cardiac muscles
Cardiac muscles are muscles related to the walls of the heart. These muscles are structurally like skeletal but functionally resemble smooth muscles. Thus these muscles have striations but are involuntary. These muscles also show presence of intercalated discs that are typically seen only in this group.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Which of these is an example of the creature which later developed into the first amphibians of Earth?

Options:
A Pelycosaurs
B Thecodonts
C Therapsids
D Coelacanths

The correct answer is:
Coelacanths

Solution:
In 1938, a fish caught in South Africa happened to be a Coelacanth which was thought to be extinct. These animals called lobefins evolved into the first amphibians that lived on both land and water. There are no specimens of these left with us. However, these were ancestors of modern day frogs and salamanders. The amphibians further evolved into reptiles.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Which of these is correct about cell organelles in the cell of a mouse?

Non-membrane bound	Single membrane bound	Double membrane bound

I.	Ribosome, Lysosome	Peroxisome, Golgi body	Mitochondria, Nucleus

II.	Ribosome, Nucleolus	Golgi body, Cilia	Mesosomes, Mitochondria

III.	Centriole, Ribosome	Lysosome, Vacuole	Mitochondria, Nucleus

IV.	Centriole, Ribosome	Peroxisome, Golgi body	Mitochondria, Lysosome

Options:
A I
B II
C III
D IV

The correct answer is:
III

Solution:
Mouse is an animal cell which is eukaryotic. Nucleolus, ribosomes and centrioles are non-membrane bound cell organelles. The entire endomembranous system (ER, Golgi body, lysosome, Vacuole), peroxisomes, Cilia, Flagella have a single membrane surrounding them. Mitochondria and nucleus are surrounded by two membranes. Mesosomes are infoldings of plasma membrane found in prokaryotes.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Which of these is false about enzymes?

Options:
A Nucleic acids which behave as enzymes are called ribozymes.
B Enzymes only catalyse the reaction and do not initiate it.
C All enzymes are subjected to degradation at a temperature of more than 40Â°C.
D A reaction producing 200 molecules of H2CO3 increases to 600,000 molecules in the presence of carbonic anhydrase.

The correct answer is:
All enzymes are subjected to degradation at a temperature of more than 40°C.

Solution:
Inorganic catalysts work efficiently at high temperatures and high pressures, while enzymes get damaged at high temperatures (say above 40°C). However, enzymes isolated from organisms who normally live under extremely high temperatures (e.g., hot vents and sulphur springs), are stable and retain their catalytic power even at high temperatures (upto 80°-90°C). Thermal stability is thus an important quality of such enzymes isolated from thermophilic organisms.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Which of these is inserted into the female reproductive tract to provide contraception by blocking passage of sperms?

Options:
A Lippe's loop
B Mala-D
C Cervical cap
D Saheli

The correct answer is:
Cervical cap

Solution:
Contraceptives are birth control methods and thus, couples can avoid unwanted pregnancies. This, in turn, will help to stabilize the increasing population, especially in a country like India. There are various methods of contraception and these are natural methods, barrier methods, intrauterine methods, oral pills, injections, implants etc. Barrier methods provide contraception by blocking the passage of sperms. These are self inserted—examples: condoms, femidoms, cervical caps, diaphragms etc.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
Which of these is least likely to act as a Lewis base?

Options:
A $\mathrm{CO}$
B $\mathrm{F}^{-}$
C $\mathrm{BF}_3$
D $\mathrm{PF}_3$

The correct answer is:
$\mathrm{BF}_3$

Solution:
Electron rich species are called Lewis base. Among the given, $\mathrm{BF}_3$ is an electron deficient species, so have a capacity of electron accepting instead of donating that's why it is least likely to act as a Lewis base. It is a Lewis acid.

Topic: Chemistry, Ionic Equilibrium, NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)
Which of these is not a classical example of adaptive radiation in the development of new species?

Options:
A Darwin's finches
B Marsupials of Australia
C Giant turtle
D Evolution of human

The correct answer is:
Evolution of human

Solution:
The development of different functional structures from a common ancestral form is called adaptive radiation and its examples are:
1. Darwin's finches on the Galapagos islands.
2. Australian Marsupials.
3. Limbs of mammals.
Human evolution is not an example of adaptive radiation; it represents an example of anagenesis. Adaptive radiation is an evolutionary process that produces multiple new species from a single, rapidly diversifying lineage.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Which of these is not a contrivance for cross pollination?

Options:
A Dicliny
B Dichogamy
C Cleistogamy
D Herkogamy

The correct answer is:
Cleistogamy

Solution:
Dicliny or unisexuality of the flower ensures that only cross-pollination. In many bisexual flowers of the plants, stamens and carpels of a flower do not mature at the same time. This is called dichogamy. In some plants, morphological barriers are formed in between the anther and stigma of the same flower, so self-pollination cannot occur. This is called herkogamy. In cleistogamy, flowers do not open, thus ensuring only self-pollination.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET