datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Select the correct statement from the ones given below with respect to dihybrid cross.

Options:
A Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show higher recombinations
B Genes far apart on the same chromosome show very few recombinations
C Genes loosely linked on the same chromosome show similar recombinations as the tightly linked ones
D Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show very few recombinations

The correct answer is:
Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show very few recombinations

Solution:
Recombination is a rearrangement of genes during meiosis so that a gamete contains a haploid genotype with a new gene combination. Morgan and his group found that when genes were grouped on the same chromosome, some genes were very tightly linked (showed very low recombination), while others were loosely linked (showed higher recombination).

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET, NEET 2010 (Screening)
Select the correct statement from the ones given below with respect to dihybrid cross.

Options:
A Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show higher recombinations.
B Genes far apart on the same chromosome show very few recombinations.
C Genes loosely linked on the same chromosome show similar recombination as the tightly linked ones.
D Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show very few recombinations.

The correct answer is:
Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show very few recombinations.

Solution:
Linkage is the inheritance of genes of the same chromosome together and capacity of these genes to retain their parental combination in the subsequent generation. The strength of linkage between two genes is inversely proportional to the distance between the two. This means that two linked genes show a higher frequency of recombination if the distance between them is higher and lower frequency if the distance is smaller.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Select the correct statement from the ones given below with respect to Periplaneta americana.

Options:
A Nervous system located dorsally, consists of segmentally arranged ganglia joined by a pair of longitudinal connectives
B Males bear a pair of short thread like anal styles
C There are 16 very long Malpighian tubules present at the junctions of midgut and hindgut
D Grinding of food is carried out only by the mouth parts

The correct answer is:
Males bear a pair of short thread like anal styles

Solution:
In cockroach, the male and females can be identified easily with the presence or absence of one pair of anal styles in the posterior region. The anal styles are unjointed, thread-like structures present on the $9^{\text {th }}$ strenum of male. Besides anal styles both male and female bear one pair sensory, 15 segmented and cerci.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET, NEET 2012 (Screening)
Select the CORRECT statement from the ones given below.

Options:
A Barbiturates when given to criminals make them tell the truth
B Morphine is often given to persons who have under gone surgery as a pain killer
C Chewing tobacco lowers blood pressure and heart rate
D Cocaine is given to patients after surgery as it stimulates recovery

The correct answer is:
Morphine is often given to persons who have under gone surgery as a pain killer

Solution:
Addiction of certain drugs cause serious consequences in our body. However these drugs in minimal amounts are actually useful to us. Morphine, an opoid is a pain killer and is advised to patients after major surgeries. Barbiturates are used to treat conditions like depression and insomnia. Tobacco is used in rituals and poojas. Cocaine has potent stimulating effect on central nervous system.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Select the correct statement regarding Lactobacillus acidophilus.

A. They produce acids the coagulate and partially digest milk fat.

B. They require a suitable temperature and medium for their multiplication.

C. They play a beneficial role by checking disease-causing microbes in our stomach.

D. They improve nutritional quality by increasing the amount of thiamine.

Options:
A (A), (B) and (C)
B (B) and (C)
C (B), (C) and (D)
D All of these

The correct answer is:
(B) and (C)

Solution:
Lactic acid bacteria are gram-positive with low GC content. They are acid-tolerant, nonsporulating, cocci or rod-shaped bacteria. It is the most important group of microorganisms that are used in food fermentation.
Lactic acid bacteria help in the conversion of milk into curd by coagulating milk proteins. At a suitable temperature, the curd is added as a starter (inoculum) in fresh milk and then bacteria start the conversion of milk into curd. Lactic acid bacteria help in lactose digestion and help in controlling disease-causing microbes in the stomach.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Select the correct statement regarding mutation theory of evolution.

Options:
A This theory was proposed by Alfred Wallace
B Variations are small directional changes
C Single step large mutation is a cause of speciation
D Large differences due to mutations arise gradually in a population

The correct answer is:
Single step large mutation is a cause of speciation

Solution:
The concept of evolution through mutation was given by Hugo de vries.
$\rightarrow$ Mutations are sudden aberration/change that arise in the population thus they are discontinuous in nature.
$\rightarrow$ Large single step changes are called Saltation which lead to speciation.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 2)
Select the correct statement regarding Okazaki fragments formed during DNA replication.

Options:
A They are the short DNA fragments on the lagging strand.
B They are the short DNA fragments on the leading strand.
C They are the RNA primers required for initiation of DNA synthesis.
D They are the fragments of DNA produced by DNase.

The correct answer is:
They are the short DNA fragments on the lagging strand.

Solution:
During DNA replication short fragments of DNA which are produced on lagging strand are called as okazaki fragments. These are formed as replication occurs in 5' to 3' direction. These fragments are latter joined by enzyme DNA ligase.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Select the correct statement regarding oxides

Options:
A As the electronegativity of element increases, acidic character of oxide increases
B Down the group the acidic nature of oxide increases
C Both B2O3 and Al2O3 are acidic oxides
D Nitrogen forms all the three types of oxides (neutral, basic and acidic)

The correct answer is:
As the electronegativity of element increases, acidic character of oxide increases

Solution:
As we move from left to right in a period, electronegativity increases and acidic nature also increases (non-metals form acidic oxides).

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET
Select the correct statement regarding population interaction.

Options:
A Commensalism when none of the interacting populations affect each other.
B Symbiosis when the interaction is useful to both the populations.
C Protocooperation when one population harm other population.
D Amensalism when the interaction is useful to both the populations.

The correct answer is:
Symbiosis when the interaction is useful to both the populations.

Solution:
Mutualism or symbiosis: Here both the organisms in the association are mutually benefitted and further this association is obligatory, i.e., necessary for the existence of both organisms.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Select the correct statement regarding post-transcriptional modification.

Options:
A In capping, methyl guanosine triphosphate is added at the 3' end.
B In tailing, adenylate residues (200-300) are added at 3'-end in a template-dependent manner.
C It is a process of conversion of mRNA to hnRNA.
D It involves removal of introns and joining of exons.

The correct answer is:
It involves removal of introns and joining of exons.

Solution:
The primary transcripts of eukaryotes (hnRNA) contain both the exons and the introns and are non-functional. Hence, it is subjected to a process called splicing where the introns are removed and exons are joined in a defined order. hnRNA undergoes additional processing called as capping and tailing. In capping an unusual nucleotide (methyl guanosine triphosphate) is added to the 5'-end of hnRNA. In tailing, adenylate residues (200-300) are added at 3'-end in a template-independent manner. It is the fully processed hnRNA, now called mRNA, that is transported out of the nucleus for translation.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Select the correct statement regarding the pituitary gland from the following.

Options:
A The pars distalis region of the adenohypophysis secretes only one hormone called melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH).
B GnRH is produced by the pituitary gland which stimulates the release of gonadotropins from the hypothalamus.
C Oxytocin and vasopressin are produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.
D The hypothalamus is under the direct neural regulation of the posterior pituitary.

The correct answer is:
Oxytocin and vasopressin are produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.

Solution:
The pituitary gland is divided into adenohypophysis which secretes its own hormones and neurohypophysis which stores and releases hormones by the hypothalamus. Oxytocin and vasopressin are produced by the hypothalamus and stored and released by the posterior pituitary.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Select the correct statement regarding the specific disorder of muscular or skeletal system.

Options:
A Muscular dystrophy - age related shortening of muscles
B Osteoporosis - decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age
C Myasthenia gravis - auto immune disorder which inhibits sliding of myosin filaments
D Gout - inflammation of joints due to extra deposition of calcium

The correct answer is:
Osteoporosis - decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age

Solution:
Osteoporosis is age related disease in which bones loose minerals and fibres from the matrix causing decreased bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age. Major causative factors of osteoporosis are imbalance of hormones like calcitonin of thyroid, parathormone of parathyroids, sex hormones and deficiencies of calcium and vitamins.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET, NEET 2012 (Screening)
Select the correct statement set?
(1) Bis-(glycinato) Zinc (II) is optically active
(2) [NiCl4]2- and [PtCl4]2- differ in shapes
(3) [Ni(CN)4]2- and [Ni(CO)4] have same magnetic moment
4  Cis- Co ( NH 3 ) 2 en 2 cannot show optical activity

Options:
A 1, 2
B 1, 3
C 1, 2, 3
D 1, 3, 4

The correct answer is:
1, 2, 3

Solution:
Here statement 1, 2 and 3 are correct while 4 is incorrect.
(1) Bis-(glycinato) Zinc (II) is optically active
(2) [NiCl4]2- and [PtCl4]2- differ in shapes i.e. tetrahedral and square planar respectively
(3) [Ni(CN)4]2- and [Ni(CO)4] have zero magnetic moment
(4) As cis- [Co(NH3)2(en)2] can show optical activity.

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, NEET
Select the correct statement.
Statement-I: Thermoacidophiles are obligate anaerobes and heterotrophs.
Statement-II: They use elemental sulfur and produce hydrogen sulfide.

Options:
A Statement-I is true and Statement-II is false
B Statement-II is true and Statement-I is false
C Both the statement-I and statement-II are false
D Both the statement-I and statement-II are true

The correct answer is:
Both the statement-I and statement-II are true

Solution:
Archaebacteria are most primitive organism which lives in most harsh habitat where no other living organism can survive. Thermoacidophiles are obligate anaerobes and heterotrophs. All species of thermoacidophiles grow at a temperature of 60Â°C and pH 2. They use elemental sulfur and produce hydrogen sulfide. These are extremophilic microorganisms, belonging to the genus Thermoplasma.
Thermoacidophiles live in hot sulphur springs having very high temperatures and highly acidic condition.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Select the correct statement with respect to disease.

Options:
A Injection of snake antivenom against snakebite is an example of active immunisation.
B Certain protozoans have been used to produce Hepatities-B vaccine
C If B and T-lymphocytes are destroyed due to an unknown reason, the body will not be able to produce antibodies against a pathogen.
D Injection of dead /inactivaed pathogen causes passive immunity.

The correct answer is:
If B and T-lymphocytes are destroyed due to an unknown reason, the body will not be able to produce antibodies against a pathogen.

Solution:
T cell stimulates B cell for the production of antibodies. antibodies help to destroy bacteria. B cells and T cells carry receptor molecules that recognize specific targets. T cells recognize a "non-self" target, such as a pathogen, only after antigens (small fragments of the pathogen) have been processed .

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Select the correct statement with respect to disorders of muscles in humans.

Options:
A Failure of neuromuscular transmission in myasthenia gravis can prevent normal swallowing.
B Accumulation of urea and creatine in the joints causes their inflammation.
C An overdose of vitamin D causes osteoporosis.
D Rapid contractions of skeletal muscles cause muscle dystrophy.

The correct answer is:
Failure of neuromuscular transmission in myasthenia gravis can prevent normal swallowing.

Solution:
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder in which autoantibodies bind to cholinergic receptors on muscle cells and impairs the ability of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to induce muscular contraction. This leads to fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscles of mouth and throat which may prevent normal swallowing.
Gout arthritis is caused due to excessive formation of uric acid. It gets deposited in synovial joints and causes inflammation. Ostcoporosis is a discase in which bone loses minerals and fibres from its matrix. Muscular dystrophy is inborn abnormality of muscles associated with dysfunction and ultimately with deterioration.
Related Theory
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which tissue injury is caused by humoral (autoantibodies) or cell-mediated (by autoreactive $T$ cells) immune response to self-antigens.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET, NEET 2013 (Karnataka)
Select the correct statement with respect to locomotion in humans

Options:
A A decreased level of progesterone causes osteoporosis in old people
B Accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints causes their inflammation
C The vertebral column has 10 thoracic vertebrae
D The joint between adjacent vertebrae is a fibrous joint

The correct answer is:
Accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints causes their inflammation

Solution:
Inflammation of joints due to accumulation of uric acid crystals is gout. Fibrous joint are formed by the flat skull bones, which fuse end-to-end with the help of dense fibrous connective tissues in the form of sutures to form cranium. The vertebral column is formed by 26 serially arranged units called vertebral. The less secretion of progesterone causes aportion as it basically supports pregnancy.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)
Select the correct statement with respect to phenylketonuria.

Options:
A The affected individual lacks an enzyme that converts the amino acid tyrosine to phenylalanine.
B It is an inborn error of metabolism is also inherited as the autosomal recessive trait.
C Accumulation of tyrosine in brain results in mental retardation.
D Tyrosine is converted into phenylpyruvic acid and other derivatives.

The correct answer is:
It is an inborn error of metabolism is also inherited as the autosomal recessive trait.

Solution:
Phenylketonuria: This inborn error of metabolism is also inherited as the autosomal recessive trait. The affected individual lacks an enzyme that converts the amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine. As a result of this phenylalanine is accumulated and converted into phenylpyruvic acid and other derivatives. Accumulation of these in brain results in mental retardation. These are also excreted through urine because of its poor absorption by kidney.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Select the correct statement with respect to polysome?

Options:
A The ribosomes of a polysome translate the mRNA into proteins.
B Several ribosomes may attach to a single mRNA and form a chain called polyribosome or polysome.
C They do not translate mRNA to protiens
D Both a and b

The correct answer is:
Both a and b

Solution:
Several ribosomes may attach to a single mRNA and form a chain called polyribosome or polysome. The ribosomes of a polysome translate the mRNA into proteins.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Select the correct statement with respect to the following figure.

Options:
A A nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another through junctions called synapses.
B add an electrical synapse the members of pre-and post Synaptic neurons are separated by Synaptic cleft.
C chemicals called Nissl’s granules are involved in transmission of impulses.
D The potential developed is always inhibitory.

The correct answer is:
A nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another through junctions called synapses.

Solution:
A nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another through junctions called synapses. A synapse is formed by the membranes of presynaptic neuron and post synaptic neuron.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Select the correct statement with respect to the following figure.

Options:
A The hypothalamus is located in a bony cavity called sella tursica.
B Pituitary is divided anatomically into an adenohypophysis and a neurohypophysis.
C Pars intermedia is almost merged with pars distalis.
D Posterior pituitary, stores and releases two hormones called oxytocin and vasopressin.

The correct answer is:
The hypothalamus is located in a bony cavity called sella tursica.

Solution:
The pituitary gland is located in a bony cavity called sella tursica.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A Sex-linked traits appear more frequently in females
B Colour blindness is caused due to proper formation of colour sensitive cells
C Human females have a double dose of the X chromosome
D Drone bees produce sperms by meiosis

The correct answer is:
Human females have a double dose of the X chromosome

Solution:
-Human females are XX and hence they show a double dose of the X chromosome.
-Sex-linked traits appear more frequently in males and females are carriers.
-Colour blindness is due to improper formation of cones (colour sensitive cells).
-Drone bees are infertile males.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Select the correct statements.
(a) Angiotensin II activates the cortex of adrenal gland to release aldosterone.
(b) Aldosterone leads to increase in blood pressure.
(c) ANF acts as a check on renin-angiotensin mechanism.
(d) $\mathrm{ADH}$ causes vasodilation.
(e) Vasopressin is released from adenohypophysis.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Options:
A (a), (b) and (e) only
B (c), (d) and (e) only
C (b), (c) and (d) only
D (a), (b) and (c) only

The correct answer is:
(a), (b) and (c) only

Solution:
$\mathrm{ADH}$ (Antidiuretic Hormone) called Vasopressin. Which is a Vasoconstrictor.
Vasopressin is released from Posterior Pituitary not Adenohypophysis.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 2)
Select the correct statements.
(A) From the region of elongation, some of the epidermal cells form root hairs.
(B) Pneumatophores are seen in Rhizophora.
(C) Adventitious roots are seen in the banyan tree.
(D) Maize and sugarcane have prop roots.

Options:
A A and D
B A, C and D
C C and D
D B and C

The correct answer is:
B and C

Solution:
The zone of elongation region of a root lies behind the growing point. The cells of this region are newly formed cells which lose the power of division. They elongate rapidly. This increases the length of the root. The external cells possess the power of absorption of water and minerals salts from the soil. The root hair zone represents the zone of differentiation or maturation because different types of primary tissues differentiate or mature in this region. Some of the outer cells of this zone give rise to lateral tubular outgrowths called root hairs.
Maize and sugarcane have stilt roots. These are short but thick supporting roots which develop obliquely from the basal nodes of the stem.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the correct statements.
a. Intine of pollen grains is composed of pectocellulosic in nature.
b. Pollen grains develop from the haploid microspore mother cells in pollen sacs of anther.
c. Pollen grain is diploid, unicellular, multinucleate and oval shaped structure.
d. Pollen grains are generally spherical measuring about 25-50 mm in diameter.

Options:
A only b is correct
B a, b, c are correct
C only a is correct
D only d is wrong

The correct answer is:
only a is correct

Solution:
Pollen grains develop from the diploid microspore mother cells in pollen sacs of anther. Pollen grain is haploid, unicellular, uninucleate and oval shaped structure. Pollen grains are generally spherical measuring about 25-50 micrometers in diameter. Pollen grain is a double layered sporoderm – outer exine and inner intine. The inner intine is thin, delicate and is made of cellulose and pectose.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the correct statements :
(A) Platyhelminthes are triploblastic pseudocoelomate and bilaterally symmetrical organisms.
(B) Ctenophores reproduce only sexually and fertilization is external.
(C) In tapeworm, fertilization is internal but sexes are not separate.
(D) Ctenophores are exclusively marine, diploblastic and bioluminescent organisms.
(E) In sponges, fertilization is external and development is direct.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Options:
A $(A)$ and $(E)$ only
B $(B)$ and $(D)$ only
C $(A), (C)$ and $(D)$ only
D $(B), (C)$ and $(D)$ only

The correct answer is:
$(B), (C)$ and $(D)$ only

Solution:
Option (4) is answer as it includes the correct statement i.e. (B), (C) and (D) options.
Option (1) is incorrect as platyhelminths are coelomate invertebrates and sponges show internal fertilization, thus statements $(A)$ and $(E)$ are incorrect.
Option (3) is incorrect as it includes statements (A).
Option (2) is incorrect as it includes only (B) and (D) statements whereas statements (C) is also correct i.e. tapeworm is a flatworm and is hermaphrodite.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2023 (Manipur)