datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Observe the diagram of T.S. of young anther given here and find the incorrect match.

Options:
A B - Helps in dehiscence of anther
B C - Absent in mature dehiscent anther
C D - Provides protection
D E - Undergoes meiosis to form microspores

The correct answer is:
D - Provides protection

Solution:
A= Epidermis, B = Endithecium, C = Middle layers,( These, outer three wall layers perform the function of protection and help in dehiscence of anther to release the pollen )D= tapetum (The innermost wall layer is the tapetum. It nourishes the developing pollen grains), E=microspore mother cell.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Observe the diagrams and state the nutritive layer(s) of microsporangium.

Options:
A A and C
B B and E
C B and D
D Only E

The correct answer is:
Only E

Solution:
In the given diagram of a anther cross section -
Label E - Tapetum - the innermost wall of the anther and it is the nutritive layer nourishing the developing pollen grains.
Label D - Microspore mother cell- It has the potential to form microspore via microsporogenesis.
Label C - Middle layer - Present between tapetum and endothecium, function of protection and support in dehiscence.
Label B - Endothecium - inner to epidermis, function of protection and support in dehiscence.
Label A - Epidermis - outermost layer, protective in function.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Observe the following agewise population graph of a country in 2018. The population in this country is

Options:
A stable
B expanding
C declining
D can't comment based on this graph

The correct answer is:
declining

Solution:
The given graph is of Japan in 2018. If you observe the age pyramid the number of people in the young age group is less. This implies that the birth rate is less. It means that in the future there will more deaths than births leading to a decline in population.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Observe the following block of cheese which is produced in Emmental, Switzerland. The depression in this cheese are due to

Options:
A release of carbon dioxide by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
B release of lactic acid by Lactobacilli
C release of carbon dioxide by Propionibacterium shermanii
D release of ethanol by Aspergillus niger

The correct answer is:
release of carbon dioxide by Propionibacterium shermanii

Solution:
Cheese, is one of the oldest food items in which microbes were used. Different varieties of cheese are known by their characteristic texture, flavour and taste, the specificity coming from the microbes used. For example, the large holes in 'Swiss cheese' are due to production of a large amount of carbon dioxide by a bacterium named Propionibacterium sharmanii.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Observe the following diagram and select the property that is false.

Options:
A It provides mechanical support to the growing parts of the plant such as young stem and petiole of leaves.
B It is present below the epidermis in the form of a homogenous layer or as patches in dicot stem.
C It is present in the form of semilunar patches in the pericycle of monocot stem.
D They can assimilate food.

The correct answer is:
It is present in the form of semilunar patches in the pericycle of monocot stem.

Solution:
The collenchyma occurs in layers below the epidermis in most of the dicotyledonous plants. It is found either as a homogeneous layer or in patches. It consists of cells which are much thickened at the corners due to deposition of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. Collenchymatous cells may be oval, spherical or polygonal and often contain chloroplasts. These cells assimilate food when they contain chloroplasts. Intercellular spaces are absent. They provide mechanical support to the growing parts of the plant such as young stem and petiole of a leaf.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Observe the following disease seen in lime. It is caused by an organism which is

Options:
A Spindle shaped, bi flagellated and classified under kingdom Protista
B Rod shaped, flagellated and classified under kingdom Protista
C Rod shaped, flagellated and classified under kingdom Monera
D Spherical, non-flagellated and classified under kingdom Fungi

The correct answer is:
Rod shaped, flagellated and classified under kingdom Monera

Solution:
This disease of lime is citrus canker. It is a bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis. It is a rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium with a single polar flagellum. It is a prokaryote and hence is classified in kingdom Monera.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Observe the following figures and identify the structures or parts labelled as P, Q, R, and S.

Options:
A

P	Q	R	S
Archegoniophore	Gemma cup	Antheridiophore	Seta

B

P	Q	R	S
Antheridiophores	Rhizoids	Archegoniophore	Capsule

C

P	Q	R	S
Antheridiophore	Seta	Archegoniophore	Leaves

D

P	Q	R	S

Archegoniophore	Gemma cup	Antheridiophore	Capsule

The correct answer is:

P	Q	R	S

Archegoniophore	Gemma cup	Antheridiophore	Capsule

Solution:
P = Archegoniophore(the stalk or other outgrowth of a prothallium upon which archegonia are borne),
Q = Gemma cup (The gemma cups are cup-like structures containing gemmae),
R = Antheridiophore (In bryophytes, the antheridium is borne on an antheridiophore, a stalk-like structure that carries the antheridium at its apex),
S = Capsule (a capsule is a type of simple, dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants).

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Observe the following flowers and state the correct explanation about them:

Options:
A A is a hypogynous flower while B is a perigynous flower
B A is a perigynous flower while B is a hypogynous flower
C Both A and B are hypogynous flowers
D Both A and B are perigynous flowers

The correct answer is:
Both A and B are perigynous flowers

Solution:
In the hypogynous flower, the gynoecium occupies the highest position while the other parts are situated below it. The ovary in such flowers is said to be superior, e.g., mustard, china rose and brinjal. If gynoecium is situated in the centre and other parts of the flower are located on the rim of the thalamus almost at the same level, it is called perigynous. The ovary here is said to be half inferior, e.g., plum rose, peach. In both the flowers depicted in the diagram, the floral whorls are inserted on the rim of the thalamus. Hence, they are perigynous.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Observe the following graph and state the correct animal or plant groups representing each bar.

Options:
A I - Gymnosperms, II - Mammals, III - Birds, IV - Amphibians
B I - Amphibians, II - Mammals, III - Birds, IV - Gymnosperms
C I - Gymnosperms, II - Birds, III - Mammals, IV - Amphibians
D I - Amphibians, II - Birds, III - Mammals, IV - Gymnosperms

The correct answer is:
I - Amphibians, II - Mammals, III - Birds, IV - Gymnosperms

Solution:
More than 15,500 species worldwide are facing the threat of extinction. Presently, 12% of all bird species, 23% of all mammal species, 32% of all amphibian species, and 31% of all gymnosperm species in the world face the threat of extinction.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Observe the following graph representing the offsprings produced at the end of a cross. State the correct statement regarding this.

Options:
A It represent a normal Mendelian trihybrid cross
B It represents quantitative inheritance controlled by two genes
C It represents multiple allelism with three different alleles
D It represents polygenic inheritance controlled by three genes

The correct answer is:
It represents polygenic inheritance controlled by three genes

Solution:
In the given graph, there are 7 phenotypes. The proportion of first and seventh phenotypes is the same. The proportion of second and sixth phenotypes is the same. The proportion of third and fifth phenotypes is the same. The proportion of the fourth phenotype is different and is maximum. This type of distribution is called a normal distribution. This is seen in polygenic inheritance or quantitative inheritance, which shows continuous variations. Since it has seven phenotypes, this character is controlled by 3 genes (example: human skin colour). When two mulattoes interbreed (AbBbCc x AaBbCc), they produce various shades of skin colour in the ratio 1 : 6 : 15 : 20 : 15 : 6: 1

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Observe the following image and choose the option which correctly describes A and B

Options:
A A is the juvenile leaf while B is the mature leaf in larkspur
B A is the mature leaf while B is the juvenile leaf in larkspur
C A is the leaf in terrestrial habitat while B is the leaf in aquatic habitat in buttercup
D A is the leaf in aquatic habitat while B is the leaf in terrestrial habitat in buttercup

The correct answer is:
A is the leaf in terrestrial habitat while B is the leaf in aquatic habitat in buttercup

Solution:
A is the leaf in terrestrial habitat while B is the leaf in aquatic habitat in buttercup. The difference in shapes of leaves produced in air and those produced in water in buttercup also represent the heterophyllous development due to environment. In cotton, coriander and larkspur, the leaves of the juvenile plant are different in shape from those in mature plants. This phenomenon of difference in leaf structure is called heterophylly. The ability of plants to follow different pathways in response to environment or phases of life to form different kinds of structures is called plasticity. Thus heterophylly is an example of plasticity.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET
Observe the following image of a chromosome. It has two dominant genes A and B located as depicted. What will be the correct gene placement at position i and ii?

Options:
A i: A and ii: B
B i: a and ii: B
C i: a and ii: b
D i: either A or a and ii: either B or b

The correct answer is:
i: A and ii: B

Solution:
The given diagram depicts one chromosome with two chromatids. These two chromatids are called sister chromatids. Sister chromatids are identical in their alleles. Homologous chromosomes may have different alleles for the same gene.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Observe the following leaf of papaya and state its type.

Options:
A Pinnately compound leaf
B Palmately compound leaf
C Simple palmate leaf
D Decompound leaf

The correct answer is:
Simple palmate leaf

Solution:
A leaf is said to be simple, when its lamina is entire or when incised, the incisions do not touch the midrib. In this leaf, the incisions don't reach the midrib so it is a simple palmate leaf. When the incisions of the lamina reach up to the midrib breaking it into a number of leaflets, the leaf is called compound. The compound leaves may be of two types: In a pinnately compound leaf, a number of leaflets are present on a common axis, the rachis, which represents the midrib of the leaf as in neem. In palmately compound leaves, the leaflets are attached at a common point, i.e., at the tip of the petiole, as in silk cotton. A leaf having divisions that are themselves compound are called decompound leaves.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Observe the following matches.

(i) Datura - Actinomorphic flower
(ii) Canna - Zygomorphic flower
(iii) Gulmohur - Zygomorphic flower
(iv) Cassia - Asymmetric flower

Which of these is/are correct?

Options:
A (i), (ii) and (iii)
B (i), (iii)
C (ii) and (iv)
D (ii), (iii) and (iv)

The correct answer is:
(i), (iii)

Solution:
Flowers are classified into three on the basis of symmetry i.e.actinomorphic, zygomorphic, and asymmetry. When flowers can be cut from more than one axis to get always equal halves that are known as actinomorphic symmetry. When a flower can be cut through one axis to obtain equal halves is known as zygomorphic symmetry. The asymmetric flowers cannot be cut through any axis. So the correct answer is B because Canna is an asymmetric flower and Cassia is a Zygomorphic flower.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Observe the following messenger RNA:

Due to a mutation, the guanine nucleotide in the sixth position is replaced by an adenine nucleotide. What will the correct effect on the sequence of amino acids due to this mutation?

Options:
A The sequence of amino acids in the mutated protein is exactly the same as the sequence of amino acids in the original protein.
B Only the second amino acid in the mutated protein will be different while the rest will be same as that of the original protein.
C All amino acids except the first one will be different in the mutated protein.
D Second and third amino acids in the mutated protein will be different while the rest will be same as that of the original protein.

The correct answer is:
The sequence of amino acids in the mutated protein is exactly the same as the sequence of amino acids in the original protein.

Solution:
Original mRNA is 5' AUG GGG AAA CCC UUU UAA 3'
The sequence of amino acids coded by this mRNA is Methionine - Glycine - Lysine - Proline- Phenylalanine.
Mutated mRNA 5' AUG GGA AAA CCC UUU UAA 3'
The sequence of amino acids coded by this mRNA is Methionine - Glycine - Lysine - Proline- Phenylalanine. Since GGG and GGA both code for the same amino acid glycine, there is no change in the sequence. This is called Silent mutation. It occurs due to degeneracy of codons.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Observe the following pedigree chart and state the correct statement about it.

Options:
A The parents are homozygous recessive
B The trait is Y-linked
C The parents are homozygous dominant
D The parents are heterozygous

The correct answer is:
The parents are heterozygous

Solution:
In the given pedigree diagram, the parents are having free ear-lobe structure. Out of their 5 kids (2 boys and 3 girls), one boy and one girl have attached ear lobe and other 3 have free ear lobe. Since there is expression of attached earlobe in the next generation, even though parents are not having it, the free earlobe allele is dominant over the attached ear lobe. It can be concluded that the parents are not homozygous for free ear lobe. Also, it is not Y-linked as it is expressed in both male (XY) and female (XX) of next generation.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Observe the following pedigree charts:

Find the incorrect match from the following.

Options:
A A - Autosomal or Sex linked recessive
B B - Autosomal or Sex linked dominant
C C - Autosomal dominant
D D - Cytoplasmic gene inheritance

The correct answer is:
B - Autosomal or Sex linked dominant

Solution:
In autosomal or sex linked dominant genetic diseases, it can be observed in each generation, usually without skipping a generation.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Observe the following pedigree symbol. What does this symbol represent?

Options:
A The couple has a pair of monozygotic twins
B The couple has a pair of dizygotic twins
C The couple are cousins or closed relative to each other
D The couple had both the offspring suffering from an autosomal recessive disorder

The correct answer is:
The couple has a pair of monozygotic twins

Solution:
In pedigree symbols, if there is a marriage between relatives it is represented by a double line between the couple. According to this symbol, both the children are born at the same time and they are connected. This represents that they are identical twins or monozygotic twins. If there would have been an absence of a horizontal line between children, it would mean that they were non-identical or dizygotic twins.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Observe the following pedigree. Which of these disease could it represent?

Options:
A Colour-blindness
B Myotonic dystrophy
C Cystic fibrosis
D Hypertrichosis

The correct answer is:
Colour-blindness

Solution:
Hypertrichosis is a Y linked disorder. This is transmitted from the father to son. In this pedigree it isn't so. Myotonic dystrophy is an autosomal dominant disorder. Two parents not suffering from this disease can't produce diseased children. At least one parent should have a dominant allele means at least one parent should have the disease. This pedigree represents recessive condition. Cystic fibrosis is autosomal recessive and Colour-blindness is X linked recessive disease. Since it is skipping a generation (Going from father to grandson via a carrier daughter), it is most likely to be X lined recessive disorder- colourblindness.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Observe the following reaction,

2A+BâC

The rate of formation of C is 2.2Ã10-3 mol L-1 mtextn-1, then rate of disappearance of A is

Options:
A 2.2×10-3 mol L-1 min-1
B 1.1×10-3 mol L-1 min-1
C 4.4×10-3 mol L-1 min-1
D 5.5×10-3 mol L-1 min-1

The correct answer is:
4.4×10-3 mol L-1 min-1

Solution:
2A+BâC
Rate of reaction,
=-12dAdt=-dBdt=dCdt
â´-dAdt=2d[C]dt
=2Ã2.2Ã10-3
=4.4Ã10-3mol L-1min-1

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Kinetics, NEET
Observe the following X-Ray of the abdomen. What does it depict?

Options:
A Bile stones in the gall bladder
B Food in the small intestine
C Deposition of calcium oxalate in kidney
D Calcium phosphate renal stones

The correct answer is:
Deposition of calcium oxalate in kidney

Solution:
Kidney stones or renal calculi are solid concretions or crystal aggregations formed in the kidney from dissolved urinary minerals. There are many types of kidney stones based on the crystals they are made up of. The most common calculi are made up of calcium oxalate (mulberry calculus). The second common calculi are made up of calcium phosphate (staghorn calculus). It is called so because of its shape. It takes the shape of the renal calyces and the pelvis. Rarely, struvite stones are produced by urea-splitting bacteria in people with urinary tract infections. Patients with certain metabolic abnormalities may produce uric acid stones (smooth and round calculus) or cystine stones. The condition of having calculi in the urinary tract is Urolithiasis. The condition of having calculi in the Kidney is Nephrolithiasis. Kidney stones cause severe pain in the abdomen & haematuria (blood in urine). Kidney stones can be treated by Lithotripsy (use of sound waves to break the stone) or surgery

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET
Observe the four crosses given below:

A. TTrr Ã ttRR
B. TtRr Ã ttrr
C. TtRr Ã TTrr
D. Ttrr Ã ttRr

In which of the following crosses, 1: 1: 1: 1 ratio of progenies is obtained?

Options:
A A, C and D
B A, B, C and D
C B and D
D A and B

The correct answer is:
B and D

Solution:
1:1:1:1 is a dihybrid test cross phenotypic ratio. It is obtained when crossing is done between a hybrid and a recessive genotype when two gene locus is considered simultaneously.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Observe the given diagram and choose the correct option:

Options:
A The part C in duodenum contain special glands called Brunner's glands
B Part A is made up of thin epithelium from visceral organs and some connective tissues.
C Part E has circular muscles while Part D has longitudinal muscles which help in peristaltic movements of the alimentary canal.
D Part B is made up of dense connective tissue containing nerves, blood and lymph vessels.

The correct answer is:
Part A is made up of thin epithelium from visceral organs and some connective tissues.

Solution:
The wall of alimentary canal from oesophagus to rectum possesses four layers namely serosa, muscularis, sub-mucosa and mucosa. Serosa is the outermost layer and is made up of a thin mesothelium (epithelium of visceral organs) with some connective tissues. Muscularis is formed by smooth muscles usually arranged into an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layer. An oblique muscle layer may be present in some regions. The submucosal layer is formed of loose connective tissues containing nerves, blood and lymph vessels. In duodenum, glands are also present in sub-mucosa. The innermost layer lining the lumen of the alimentary canal is the mucosa. This layer forms irregular folds (rugae) in the stomach and small finger-like foldings called villi in the small intestine. The cells lining the villi produce numerous microscopic projections called microvilli giving a brush border appearance. These modifications increase the surface area enormously. Villi are supplied with a network of capillaries and a large lymph vessel called the lacteal. Mucosal epithelium has goblet cells which secrete mucus that help in lubrication. Mucosa also forms glands in the stomach (gastric glands) and crypts in between the bases of villi in the intestine (crypts of Lieberkuhn). All the four layers show modifications in different parts of the alimentary canal.
The part C is mucosa and in duodenum Brunner's glands are present in submucosa. Part E has longitudinal muscles while Part D has circular muscles which help in peristaltic movements of the alimentary canal. Part B is made up of loose connective tissue containing nerves, blood and lymph vessels.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
Observe the given diagram and read the statements carefully. Identify the correct ones.

(i) A carries urine and sperms.
(ii) B secretes a fluid that helps in the lubrication of penis.
(iii) D produces testosterone but not sperms.
(iv) C stores sperms.

Options:
A (i) and (ii)
B (ii) and (iii)
C (ii) and (iv)
D (i) and (iv)

The correct answer is:
(ii) and (iv)

Solution:
In the given figure, part 'A' is vas deferens that carries sperms. Part 'B' is Cowper's glands that secrete fluid which helps in the lubrication of the penis during copulation. Part 'C' is epididymis that stores sperms and part 'D' is testis that produces sperms and testosterone.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Observe the given diagram and state the correct property of the organism depicted in it

Options:
A Fresh water green alga, oogamous, diplontic life cycle
B Giant kelp, fucoxanthin, haplontic life cycle
C Reserve food material is floridean starch, non motile spores and gametes, oogamous
D Stone worts, motile gametes, monoecious

The correct answer is:
Reserve food material is floridean starch, non motile spores and gametes, oogamous

Solution:
The diagram depicts a red algae, Porphyra. Red algae are marine organisms with the majority of them thriving in warmer areas. They habitat the light receiving regions as well as great depths of oceans where no light is seen. Oogamous sexual reproduction as well as asexual reproduction by non-motile spores are seen in these algae. They store the food material in form of a substance, similar to amylopectin and glycogen in structure, which is floridean starch.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Observe the given diagram. Identify the labels A, B and C.

Options:
A A - Air goes inside to lungs, B - Ribs and sternum returned to original position, C - Diaphragm relaxed and arched upward
B A - Air goes inside to lungs, B - Ribs and sternum raised, C - Diaphragm contracted
C A - Air expelled from lungs, B - Ribs and sternum returned to original position, C - Diaphragm contracted
D A - Air expelled from lungs, B - Ribs and sternum raised, C - Diaphragm relaxed and arched upward

The correct answer is:
A - Air goes inside to lungs, B - Ribs and sternum raised, C - Diaphragm contracted

Solution:
During inhalation, diaphragm contracts resulting in intake of air which raises the ribs and sternum to compensate the low volume and equalise the pressure with atmospheric pressure.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET