datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
The chemiosmotic hypothesis suggests that the ATP are produced on the inner membrane of mitochondria due to:

Options:
A F1 particles present between the inner and outer membrane of mitochondria.
B Involvement of oxygen as the electron acceptor.
C Creation of a proton electrochemical gradient across inner membrane of mitochondria.
D Enzymes present in the mitochondrial matrix.

The correct answer is:
Creation of a proton electrochemical gradient across inner membrane of mitochondria.

Solution:
The chemiosmotic hypothesis put forth by Sir Peter Mitchell suggests that the proton gradient created across the inner membrane of mitochondria is responsible for the pumping of H+ ions into the mitochondrial matrix. This energy produced by the proton pump is harnessed by the catalytic subunit of ATPase enzyme complex to produce ATP. A similar mechanism is seen in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast during energy production in the light reaction of photosynthesis.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
The chemotherapeutic substance derived from a living organism that has an inhibitory effect on the parasitic organism is known as

Options:
A Exotoxin
B Bactericide
C Antibody
D Antibiotic

The correct answer is:
Antibiotic

Solution:
Fleming postulated that the mold must secrete an antibacterial substance, which he named penicillin in 1928. Fleming believed that its antibacterial properties could be exploited for chemotherapy

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
The chief advantage of encystment of an Amoeba is:

Options:
A the ability to survive during adverse physical conditions
B the ability to live for some time without ingesting food
C protection from parasites and predators
D the chance to get rid of accumulated waste products

The correct answer is:
the ability to survive during adverse physical conditions

Solution:
During adverse environmental periods, Amoeba survive by encystment by becoming circular, loses most of its water, and secretes a cyst membrane that serves as a protective covering. When the environment is again suitable, the envelope ruptures and the Amoeba emerges.
Related Theory
During unfavourable conditions, Amoeba undergo multiple fission inside the cyst to survive and reproduce under unfavourable conditions. In the multiplefission, the nucleus of the parent cell divides multiple times by amitosis (direct cell division), producing several nuclei. The cytoplasm, later on, separates, creating multiple daughter cells. When the conditions are unfavourable, Amoeba withdraws its pseudopodia and becomes almost round.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET, NEET 2003
The chief advantage of encystment of an amoeba is

Options:
A The ability to live for some time without ingesting food
B The ability to survive during adverse physical conditions
C The chance to get rid of accumulated waste products
D Protection from parasites and predators

The correct answer is:
The ability to survive during adverse physical conditions

Solution:
During adverse environmental conditions, amoeba undergoes cellular and molecular changes, such as, change in cell structure, shape, water levels and creates a cyst membrane for the purpose of protection. When the environment is conducive again for survival, the protective envelope ruptures.

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
The chief water conducting elements of xylem in gymnosperms are

Options:
A vessels
B fibres
C transfusion tissue(
D tracheids

The correct answer is:
tracheids

Solution:
The tracheids are elongated, angular dead cells with hard lignified wide lumen and narrow end walls. The walls of tracheids possess different types of thickenings and the unthickened areas of its wall allow the rapid movement of water from one tracheid to another. Tracheids are the characteristic cell types of xylem tissues in gymnosperms and pteridophytes, where they are the chief elements of water conduction.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2010 (Screening)
The chief water-conducting elements of xylem in Sequoia tree are

Options:
A vessels
B fibers
C transfusion tissue
D tracheids

The correct answer is:
tracheids

Solution:
The chief water-conducting element of xylem in gymnosperms are called tracheids. These are elongated cells with tapering ends and are dead because of the deposition of lignin. These show scalariform, annular, reticulate, or bordered pitted thickening. These are the only water-conducting xylem elements in both gymnosperms and pteridophytes. Generally, vessels are absent in gymnosperms with exceptions like Gnetum, Welwitschia, Ephedra, etc.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
The chirality of the compound

Options:
A $\mathrm{R}$
B $\mathrm{S}$
C $\mathrm{E}$
D $\mathrm{Z}$

The correct answer is:
$\mathrm{R}$

Solution:
Lowest priority atom is always away from the viewer. Priority is seen on the basis of atomic number and if atomic numbers are same then on the basis of second or third bond in above figure priority order group or atom is $-\mathrm{Br}>-\mathrm{Cl}>-\mathrm{CH}_3>\mathrm{H}$ and in it rotation is clockwise. So it shows R-configuration.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET, NEET 2005
The chitinous exoskeleton of arthropods is formed by the polymerization of:

Options:
A D-glucosamine
B N-acetylglucosamine
C Lipoglycans
D Keratin sulphate and chondroitin sulphate

The correct answer is:
N-acetylglucosamine

Solution:
The exoskeleton of Arthropods is made up of chitin. Chitin is a mucopolysaccharide made up of monomeric glucose derivative N-acetylglucosamine. It is found in the cell wall of fungi and also in the exoskeleton of crustaceans.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 2)
The chitinous exoskeleton of arthropods is formed by the polymerization of:

Options:
A D - glucosamine
B N- acetyl glucosamine
C Lipoglycans
D Keratin sulphate and chondroitin sulphate

The correct answer is:
N- acetyl glucosamine

Solution:
Chitin is a homopolymer present in the exoskeleton of arthropods and cell wall of fungi. It is formed by the polymerization of amino sugar N-acetyl glucosamine.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
The chlorophyll which is common between Phaeophyceae and Diatoms, but absent in Rhodophyceae is

Options:
A Chlorophyll a
B Chlorophyll c
C Chlorophyll b
D Chlorophyll e

The correct answer is:
Chlorophyll c

Solution:
Chlorophyll a is an universal pigment present in all photosynthetic organism carrying out oxygenic photosynthesis. Chlorophyll c occurs in Phaeophyceae and Diatoms.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
The chromosomal theory of inheritance was proposed by :

Options:
A Thomas Morgan
B Sutton and Boveri
C Gregor Mendel
D Robert Brown

The correct answer is:
Sutton and Boveri

Solution:
Chromosomal theory of inheritance was proposed by Sutton and Boveri in 1902. They both connect the idea of Mendelian factor to the new concept of chromosome and find very close similarity between these two.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 2)
The chromosome complement of the somatic cells in all human being is

Options:
A 21 pairs of autosomes and one pair heterosomes
B 23 pairs of autosomes and one pair of heterosomes
C 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of heterosomes
D 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of XY chromosomes

The correct answer is:
22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of heterosomes

Solution:
22 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes, which decide the somatic characters in both sexes, while the 23rd pair of chromosomes are called hetrosomes or allosomes.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
The chromosomes become invisible in

Options:
A mitosis
B amitosis
C meiosis
D all the three

The correct answer is:
amitosis

Solution:
There are three types of cell divisions namely amitosis, mitosis, and meiosis. In amitosis, the chromosomes do not become visible. It is found in primitive life forms such as amoeba, bacteria, etc. The nucleus elongates in a dumb-bell shape and is followed by the invagination of the plasmalemma. The constriction in the nucleus, as well as plasmalemma, deepens and divide one amoeba into two daughter amoebae.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
The chromosomes can be divided based on the position of the centromere. A certain chromosome appears 'L' shaped during the anaphase stage and has centromere slightly away from the middle of the chromosome. Such a chromosome will be

Options:
A Metacentric
B Sub-metacentric
C Acrocentric
D Telocentric

The correct answer is:
Sub-metacentric

Solution:
The metacentric chromosome has a middle centromere forming two equal arms of the chromosome. The sub-metacentric chromosome has centromere slightly away from the middle of the chromosome resulting in one shorter arm and one long arm. In case of an acrocentric chromosome, the centromere is situated close to its end forming one extremely short and one very long arm, whereas the telocentric chromosome has a terminal centromere.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
The chromosomes in which centromere is situated close to one end are:

Options:
A Metacentric
B Acrocentric
C Telocentric
D Sub-metacentric

The correct answer is:
Acrocentric

Solution:
Metacentric chromosomes has centromere in the middle position.
Telocentric chromosomes has centromere at the terminal position.
Submetacentric chromosomes has centromere near the centre but not in the middle.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 1)
The chronological order of human evolution from early to the recent is

Options:
A Australopithecus → Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus
B Ramapithecus → Australopithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus
C Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Australopithecus → Homo erectus
D Australopithecus → Homo habilis → Ramapithecus → Homo erectus

The correct answer is:
Ramapithecus → Australopithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus

Solution:
They are primates that exist about 15 million years ago. Evidence shows during 2 million years ago Australopithecus probably lived in East African grassland.
Homo habilis considered as a first human being.
Fossils discovered in Java in 1891 revealed subsequent stage referred to as
Homo erectus about 1.5 million years ago with a brain capacity of 900 cc.
The Neanderthal man lived between 1,00,00 to 40,000 years back with the brain size of 1400 cc lived in Europe, East, Central Asia, and North Africa.
Cro-Magnon evolved from Neanderthal and are found in Europe known as early modern man.
Homo sapiens arose in Africa and moved across continents between 75,000 to 10,000 years ago and is known as a modern man. So, the correct option is 'Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Java man , Neanderthal Man, Cro-Magnon Man, Modern Man'.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 2)
The chrysophytes are also known as

A

. Most of the members of this group are

B

. The diatoms have a soap-box like an arrangement of

C

, in which there is deposition of

D

.

Options:
A A-golden algae, B-autotrophs, C-chains, D-iron.
B A-dinoflagellates, B-saprotrophs, C-cell wall, D-calcium.
C A-dinoflagellates, B-heterotrophs, C-cell membrane, D-phosphorous.
D A-golden algae, B-photosynthetic, C-cell wall, D-silica

The correct answer is:
A-golden algae, B-photosynthetic, C-cell wall, D-silica

Solution:
Chrysophytes are aquatic algae, found both in marine and freshwaters. These include golden algae and diatoms. Most of the members of this group are photosynthetic. The diatoms have a soap-box like arrangements of two layers in the cell wall which fit into each other. Their cell walls have deposits of silica which make them extremely rigid. These diatoms have cell wall depositions in their habitats called the diatomaceous earth.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
The cilia in Paramecium are

Options:
A All equal
B All unequal
C Longer at posterior end
D Longer at anterior end

The correct answer is:
Longer at posterior end

Solution:
The cilia of extreme posterior end are longer and form a bunch called caudal tuft.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
The circuit diagram shown here corresponds to the logic gate,

Options:
A NOR
B AND
C OR
D NAND

The correct answer is:
NOR

Solution:
From the circuit diagram given below, it can be seen that the current will flow to ground if any of the switch is closed. Also, the LED will only glow when current flows through it.
Thus, the truth table for the circuit diagram can be formed as circuit diagram in given solution.
The output $(\mathrm{Y})$ is equivalent to that of NOR gate.

Topic: Physics, Semiconductors, NEET, NEET 2019 (Odisha)
The circuit diagram shows a logic 'combination' with outputs X,Y and Z given for inputs P,Q,R and S . When inputs P and R at 0 and inputs Q and S at 1, the outputs, X,Y and Z are

Options:
A X=0,Y=0,Z=0
B X=1,Y=1,Z=1
C X=0,Y=1,Z=0
D X=1,Y=0,Z=0

The correct answer is:
X=0,Y=1,Z=0

Solution:
P=0,R=0,Q=1,S=1
X=P.Q=0×1=0
Y=R+S=0+1=1
Z=P.Q¯R+S¯=0×1¯0+1¯=0¯1¯=1×0=0

Topic: Physics, Semiconductors, NEET
The circuit gives the output as that of

Options:
A AND gate
B OR gate
C NAND gate
D NOR gate

The correct answer is:
AND gate

Solution:
A.B¯+C̄¯=A.B¯¯.C̄¯
=A⋅B⋅C=AND gate
Output is high only when all inputs are high as that of AND gate.

Topic: Physics, Semiconductors, NEET
The circuit is equivalent to

Options:
A AND gate
B OR gate
C NOT gate
D NAND gate

The correct answer is:
OR gate

Solution:
Y=A+A-âB=A+A-âA+B
=1âA+B=A+B
The given circuit is equivalent to OR gate

Topic: Physics, Semiconductors, NEET
The circuit is equivalent to

Options:
A AND gate
B NAND gate
C NOR gate
D OR gate

The correct answer is:
NOR gate

Solution:
The gate circuit can be shown by giving two inputs $A$ and $B$.

Output of NOR gate,
$Y_1=\overline{A+B}$
Output of NAND gate,
$\begin{aligned}
Y_2 & =\overline{Y_1 \cdot Y_1} \\
& =\overline{\overline{A+B} \cdot \overline{A+B}} \\
& =\overline{\overline{A+B}}+\overline{\overline{A+B}} \\
& =(A+B)+(A+B) \\
& =A+B
\end{aligned}$
Output of NOT gate,
$\begin{aligned}
Y & =\overline{Y_2} \\
& =\overline{A+B}
\end{aligned}$
which is the output of NOR gate.
Altemative :

Same as NOR Gate
NOR Gate
$\begin{array}{lll}0 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 0\end{array}$
Note : NOR and NAND gates are said to be universal building blocks.

Topic: Physics, Semiconductors, NEET, NEET 2008 (Screening)
The circuit shown here is used to compare the EMFs of two cells E1 and E2 E1>E2. The null point is at C when the galvanometer is connected to E1. When the galvanometer is connected to E2, the null point will be

Options:
A to the left of C
B to the right of C
C at C itself
D nowhere on AB

The correct answer is:
to the left of C

Solution:
E1= ÏÃl1 â¦i
E2 =Ï Ãl2 â¦ii

Given, E2<E1. Therefore, l2<l1 by comparing (i) and (ii).
Hence balance point will shift towards left of C.

Topic: Physics, Current Electricity, NEET
The circuit shown in following figure contains two diodes D1 and D2 each with a forward resistance of 50 Î© and with infinite backward resistance. If the battery voltage is 6 V , the current through the 100 Î© resistance (in A) is -

Options:
A Zero
B 0.02
C 0.03
D 0.036

The correct answer is:
0.02

Solution:
D1 Forward Bias, D2 Reverse Bias

Topic: Physics, Semiconductors, NEET
The circular motion of a particle with constant speed is:

Options:
A periodic but not simple harmonic
B simple harmonic but not periodic
C period and simple harmonic
D neither periodic nor simple harmonic

The correct answer is:
periodic but not simple harmonic

Solution:
Motion is periodic but not simple harmonic.

Topic: Physics, Motion In Two Dimensions, NEET, NEET 2005
The circulatory system of cockroach

Options:
A is present on dorsal side and has 3 chambers of heart in abdominal region
B is present on ventral side and has 10 abdominal and 3 thoracic chambers of heart
C is present on ventral side and has 13 chambers of heart in abdominal region
D is present on dorsal side and has 10 abdominal and 3 thoracic chambers of heart

The correct answer is:
is present on dorsal side and has 10 abdominal and 3 thoracic chambers of heart

Solution:
The heart or the cockroach is present in the pericardial sinus located dorsally. It has a 13 chambered heart. 3 chambers are present in the thoracic region while 10 chambers are present in the abdominal region. The chamber in the first thoracic segment shows the presence of an anterior aorta. All chambers have two openings except the last chamber which is blind.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
The class of enzyme that catalyzes the reaction is

S - G + Sâ â S + Sâ - G

Options:
A Lyases
B Transferases
C Isomerases
D Oxidoreductases

The correct answer is:
Transferases

Solution:
Enzymes catalyzing a transfer of a group other than H, O, or electron are called transferases.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
The classification of organisms based on chromosome number is called

Options:
A Cytotaxonomy
B Numerical taxonomy
C Karyotaxonomy
D Biochemistry

The correct answer is:
Cytotaxonomy

Solution:
The branch of taxonomy, which is based on cytology, is known as cytotaxonomy. It includes the cytological study of chromosomes, i.e., number morphology, chromosome behaviour, etc.

Topic: Biology, The Living World, NEET
The classification system proposed by Linnaeus was a _________ kingdom system of classification.

Options:
A two
B three
C four
D five

The correct answer is:
two

Solution:
Linnaeus in the book 'Systema Naturae' gave the classification of organisms which is called as two-kingdom system of classification. The two kingdoms are plants and animals. As per this system, Plant kingdom included all the organisms that had presence of cell wall, while the animal kingdom included animals without cell wall.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
The clavicle articulates with the ____________ of scapula.

Options:
A Acromion process
B Glenoid cavity
C Acetabulum cavity
D Ball and socket joint

The correct answer is:
Acromion process

Solution:
-The clavicle articulates with two bones, the sternum and the scapula.
-The medial end of clavicle expands into an ovoid and articulate with the manubrium.
-The lateral end of clavicle flattens and articulates with acromion of the scapula.
-The clavicle has a synovial joint at each end.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
The cleavage of zygote begins in

Options:
A ampulla
B isthmus
C Infundibulum
D uterus

The correct answer is:
ampulla

Solution:
Cleavage is the repeated mitotic division of zygote to form a solid ball of cells called morula, which later changes into a hollow ball of cells called blastula.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
The clinical test that is used for the diagnosis of typhoid is:

Options:
A ELISA
B ESR
C PCR
D Widal

The correct answer is:
Widal

Solution:
Widal test is used for the diagnosis of typhoid.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
The clitoris is a tiny finger like structure which lies at the upper junction of the two ______X_______ above the ______Y_______ opening/orifice. Select the correct option for X and Y.

Options:
A ‘X’– labia minora, ‘Y’ - Urethral
B ‘X’– labia minora, ‘Y’ -Vaginal
C ‘X’– labia majora, ‘Y’ -Vaginal
D ‘X’– labia majora, ‘Y’ -Urethral

The correct answer is:
‘X’– labia minora, ‘Y’ - Urethral

Solution:
The labia minora are paired folds of tissue under the labia major. The clitoris is a tiny finger-like structure that lies at the upper junction of the two labia minora above the urethral opening. It is highly erectile structure in female and is homologous to penis of male.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
The clitoris is a tiny finger-like structure, which lies at:

Options:
A the upper junction of the two labia minora above the urethral opening.
B the upper junction of the two labia minora below the urethral opening.
C the lower junction of the two labia minora above the urethral opening.
D the lower junction of the two labia minora below the urethral opening.

The correct answer is:
the upper junction of the two labia minora above the urethral opening.

Solution:
The clitoris is the most sensitive and erogenous organ of sexual pleasure present in the female reproductive system. It contains a lot of nerve endings. It is homologous to the penis. Clitoris is present at the upper junction of the two labia minora above the urethral opening.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
The cloaca in frog is a common chamber for the urinary tract, reproductive tract and

Options:
A Alimentary canal
B Portal system
C Hepatic portal vessels
D Notochord

The correct answer is:
Alimentary canal

Solution:
In frog, the cloaca is the common chamber for urinary tract, reproductive tract and alimentary canal. All amphibians, reptiles, birds, and monotremes possess this orifice, from which they excrete both urine and faeces, unlike most placental mammals, which possess two or three separate orifices for evacuation.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
The cluster of cells responsible for secreting milk is present in the

Options:
A mammary lobes.
B mammary duct.
C mammary ampulla.
D mammary tubules.

The correct answer is:
mammary lobes.

Solution:
The mammary glands are paired structures (breasts) that contain glandular tissue and a variable amount of fat. The glandular tissue of each breast is divided into 15â20 mammary lobes containing clusters of cells called alveoli. The cells of alveoli secrete milk, which is stored in the cavities (lumens) of alveoli. The alveoli open into mammary tubules. The tubules of each lobe join to form a mammary duct. Several mammary ducts join to form a wider mammary ampulla, which is connected to lactiferous duct through which milk is sucked out.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
The coagulation of 100 mL of colloidal solution of gold is completely prevented by addition of 0.25 g of a substance 'X' to it before addition of 1 mL of 10% NaCl solution. The gold number of 'X' is

Options:
A 0.25
B 25
C 250
D 2.5

The correct answer is:
25

Solution:
Number of milligrams of protective colloid added in 10 mL of colloidal gold to prevent its coagulation on addition of 1 mL of 10% NaCl solution is called gold number.
So gold number of present colloid = 25.

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, NEET
The coagulation value in millimoles per litre of electrolytes used for the coagulation of As2S3 are as below
I. NaCl = 52
II. KCl = 51
III. BaCl2=0.69
IV. MgSO4=0.22
The correct order of their flocculating power is

Options:
A 1 > II > III > IV
B I > II > III = IV
C IV > III > II > I
D IV = III > II > I

The correct answer is:
IV > III > II > I

Solution:
Here the correct order of their flocculating power is
IV > III > II > I
Coagulation value is inversely proportional to their flocculating power.

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, NEET
The coagulation values in milimoles per litre of the electrolyte used for the coagulation of As2S3 are given below
I. (NaCl) = 52,
II. (BaCl2)=0.69,
III. (MgSO4)=0.22
The correct order of the coagulation power is

Options:
A I > II > III
B II > I > III
C III > II > I
D III > I > II

The correct answer is:
III > II > I

Solution:
Coagulating power â1Coagulation value
Lower the coagulation value, higher is the coagulating power so, the correct order is
MgSO4(III)>BaCl2(II)>NaCl(I)

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, NEET
The coagulation values in millimoles per litre of the electrolytes used for the coagulation of As2S3 are given below,
I. NaCl=52
II. BaCl2=0.69
III. MgSO4=0.22
The correct order of their coagulating power is

Options:
A I>II>III
B II>I>III
C III>II>I
D III>I>II

The correct answer is:
III>II>I

Solution:
Coagulating power ∝1Coagulation value

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 2)