datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Mendel formulated the law of purity of gametes on the basis of _____.

Options:
A monohybrid cross
B dihybrid cross
C test cross
D back cross

The correct answer is:
monohybrid cross

Solution:
As per Mendel's Law of Segregation/Law of purity of gametes "alleles segregate randomly into gametes: When gametes are formed, each allele of one parent segregates randomly into the gametes, such that half of the parent's gametes carry each allele."
Monohybrid cross is defined as "a genetic mix between two individuals who have homozygous genotypes, or genotypes that have completely dominant or completely recessive alleles, which result in opposite phenotypes for a certain genetic trait". In this cross the different alleles under consideration have one genetic locus and Mendel gave the law of purity of gametes or law of segregation based on his study in monohybrid cross.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Mendel proposed that the factor controlling any character is discrete and independent. This proposition was based on which of the following observations?

Options:
A Offsprings of F3 generation of a cross made between the plants having two contrasting characters show blended characters of its parents
B Offsprings of a cross made between the plants having two contrasting characters shows only one character without any blending
C Offsprings of self-pollination of F1 parents with the same contrasting characters show blended characters of its parents
D Offsprings of cross-pollination of parental generations having three contrasting characters show only one character with blending.

The correct answer is:
Offsprings of a cross made between the plants having two contrasting characters shows only one character without any blending

Solution:
When Mendel crossed parents with two contrasting characters and observed in the F1 generation, that only one character was expressed (the dominant one). On selfing the F1 generation, the character which did not appear in F1 generation appeared in the F2 generation. This showed that there is no blending in the contrasting characters but they are discrete and independent. On the basis of this observation, Mendel proposed that the factor controlling any character is discrete and independent.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Mendel selected __________ for his experiment .

Options:
A 14 true breeding pea plant varieties
B 7 true breeding pea plant varieties
C 14 hybrid pea plant varieties
D 7 hybrid pea plant varieties

The correct answer is:
14 true breeding pea plant varieties

Solution:
Mendel has selected 14 true-breeding plant varieties and seven pairs of contrasting characters for his hybridization experiment. A true breeding line is one that, having undergone continuous self-pollination, shows the stable trait inheritance and expression for several generations.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Mendel's inheritable 'factors' influences

Options:
A both phenotype and genotype
B phenotype only
C genotype only
D neither phenotype nor genotype

The correct answer is:
both phenotype and genotype

Solution:
The inheritable traits are determined by inheritable factors and are now called genes. The phenotypic (observable features) traits are passed on through an organism's genotype (set of alleles).

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Mendel's law of independent assortment does NOT hold true for the genes that are located closely on

Options:
A same chromosome
B non-homologous chromosomes
C X-chromosome
D autosomes

The correct answer is:
same chromosome

Solution:
The chromosomes contain the genes for various features. If many genes are located on the same chromosome and within close proximity, the genes are considered to be linked. Such linked genes resist recombination during the meiotic phase of cell division in gamete formation and do not follow Mendel's law of independent assortment, which states that "that the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another. In other words, the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene".

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Mendel's principle of segregation was based on the separation of alleles in the garden pea during:

Options:
A Pollination
B Embryonic development
C Seed formation
D Gamete formation

The correct answer is:
Gamete formation

Solution:
As allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation and the paired condition is restored by random fusion of gametes during fertilisation.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Menstrual flow occurs due to lack of

Options:
A progesterone
B $\mathrm{FSH}$
C oxytocin
D vasopressin

The correct answer is:
progesterone

Solution:
Progesterone - Supports pregnancy.
FSH Stimulates gonadal activity called as gonadotrophins.
Oxytocin Stimulates contraction in uterus during childbirth.
Vasopressin Stimulate resorption of water and electrolytes by the distal tubules, also called as Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH).

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)
Menstruation cycle occurs

Options:
A In all mammals
B In eutherian animals
C In metatherian animals
D In all primates

The correct answer is:
In all primates

Solution:
The mammals other than primates show oestrous cycle while primates only show menstrual cycle.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Menstruation or menstrual flow in a woman occurs due to lack of hormone

Options:
A oxytocin
B estrogen
C progesterone
D prolactin

The correct answer is:
progesterone

Solution:
Due to regression of corpus luteum the progesterone hormone concentration decreases which leads to degeneration and shedding off endometrium layer along with blood called menstruation.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Mention a single membrane bound organelle which is rich in hydrolytic enzymes.

Options:
A Lysosome
B Ribosome
C Vacuole
D Mitochondria

The correct answer is:
Lysosome

Solution:
Lysosome is a single membrane bound organelle which is rich in hydrolytic enzymes.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Mention the conditions required to maximize the yield of ammonia.

Options:
A High pressure, low temperature, and a catalyst.
B Low pressure, high temperature, and a catalyst.
C Low pressure, low temperature, and a catalyst.
D High pressure, high temperature, and a catalyst.

The correct answer is:
High pressure, low temperature, and a catalyst.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
High pressure, low temperature, and a catalyst.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 13 & 14), NEET
Mention the importance of LH surge during menstrual cycle.

Options:
A Ovulation
B Synthesis of ova
C Menarche
D Menopause

The correct answer is:
Ovulation

Solution:
LH surge is essential for the events leading to ovulation.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Mention three areas in which H2SO4plays an important role.

Options:
A Fertilizer production, car batteries, and metal cleaning.
B Glass manufacturing, cosmetics, and food processing.
C Petroleum refining, paper production, and wastewater treatment.
D Textile industry, electronics manufacturing, and pharmaceuticals.

The correct answer is:
Petroleum refining, paper production, and wastewater treatment.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (C)
Petroleum refining, paper production, and wastewater treatment.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 13 & 14), NEET
Mention whether the increasing pressure will cause the reaction to go into forward or backward direction, using (b) for backward, (f) for forward, (n) for no change by selecting any of the choices given for the following reactions respectively

(i) COCl2gâCO(g)+Cl2(g)

(ii) CH4(g)+2S2(g)âCS2(g)+2H2S(g)

(iii) CO2(g)+C(s)â2CO(g)

(iv) 2H2(g)+CO(g)âCH3OH(g)

(v) CaCO3(s)âCaO(s)+CO2(g)

(vi) 4NH3(g)+5O2(g)â4NO(g)+6H2O(g)

Options:
A (b) (n) (b) (f) (b) (b)
B (b) (n) (b) (b) (b) (b)
C (f) (f) (b) (f) (b) (b)
D None of these

The correct answer is:
(b) (n) (b) (f) (b) (b)

Solution:
(i) np > nr, the reaction will go in backward direction.
(ii) np = nr, the reaction will not be affected by increasing pressure.
(iii) np > nr, the reaction will go in backward direction.
(iv) np < nr, the reaction will go in forward direction.
(v) np > nr, the reaction will go in backward direction.
​(vi) np > nr, the reaction will go in backward direction.
While computing np and nr only gaseous moles have been considered.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Equilibrium, NEET
Mercury is completely filled in a rectangular tank of height 72 cm. The atmospheric pressure at the place is 72 cm of Hg. Find the distance in cm of point of application from bottom of tank of the net force, on the inner surface of the side vertical wall of tank.

Options:
A 32 cm
B 16 cm
C 74 cm
D 42 cm

The correct answer is:
32 cm

Solution:
Force due to atmospheric pressure = ρ0A = ρâgH × bH
F1 = âρgbH2
â Force due to mercury on side wall, F 2 = ρ g b H 2 2
This force acts at a height H1 = H/2 from bottom
This force acts at a height H2 = H/3 from bottom.
∴ distance of net force from bottom = F 1 H 2 + F 2 H 2 F 1 + F 2
= ρ g b H 2 × H 2 + ρ gb × H 2 2 × H 3 ρ gb H 2 + ρ gb H 2 2 = 4 9 H = 32 cm.

Topic: Physics, Mechanical Properties of Fluids, NEET
Meristematic tissue responsible for increase in girth of tree trunk is:

Options:
A intercalary meristem
B lateral meristem
C phellogen
D apical meristem.

The correct answer is:
lateral meristem

Solution:
Lateral meristem are present along the lateral sides of stem and roots, and are responsible for lateral growth of trees. Intercalary meristem is associated with the growth in length in the middle position, causing internodal elongation. Phellogen also known as cork cambium is the meristematic plant tissue responsible for the formation of the periderm. Apical meristem is involved in the growth region in plants found within the root tips and the tips of the new shoots and leaves.
Related Theory
When plant breeders want to re-generate plants that are virus-free using asexual multiplication (in order to obtain clones of the primary unhealthy plant), they often collect the apical meristem from the infected plant, and cultivate it in appropriate media, so that a new, complete and virus-free plantlets develop. High metabolic processes (Enzyme activity); High concentration of auxin and Cytokinin hormone (Low pH); Cell multiplication very high and plasmodesmata size very small which prevent the movement of the virus from one cell to another cell.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2013 (Karnataka)
Meristems may be classified on the basis of

Options:
A Origin and development
B Position in plant body
C Functions
D All of these

The correct answer is:
All of these

Solution:
A meristem is a tissue in plants made of dividing cells. It consists of undifferentiated cells that are capable of cell division and they can develop into all the other tissues and organs that occur in plants.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Mesogamy is

Options:
A Entry of the pollen tube in the ovule through micropyle
B Entry of the pollen tube in the ovule through integuments
C Entry of the pollen tube in the ovule through chalaza
D Entry of the pollen tube in the stigma and style

The correct answer is:
Entry of the pollen tube in the ovule through integuments

Solution:
During fertilization pollen tube enters the ovule through three pathways, when pollen tube enters the ovule through micropyle it is called porogamy, this is most common pathway. If pollen tube enters the ovule through integuments it is called mesogamy and when pollen tube enters through the chalazal end it is called chalazogamy.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Mesosome helps in all the following processes except:

Options:
A Cell wall formation
B Synthesis and secretion of carbohydrates
C DNA replication
D Respiration

The correct answer is:
Synthesis and secretion of carbohydrates

Solution:
A special membranous structure is a mesosome which is formed by the extensions of plasma membrane into the cell. These extensions are in the form of vesicles, tubules and lamellae. They help in cell wall formation, DNA replication and distribution to daughter cells. They also help in respiration, secretion processes, to increase the surface area of the plasma membrane and enzymatic content.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Mesosome in a cell is a :

Options:
A Membrane bound vesicular structure
B Chain of many ribosomes attached to a single mRNA
C Special structure formed by extension of plasma membrane
D Medium sized chromosome

The correct answer is:
Special structure formed by extension of plasma membrane

Solution:
Mesosomes are formed by the extensions of plasma membrane into the cell. Thus, option (3) is correct. Lysosomes are membrane bound vesicular structures. Thus, option (1) is incorrect.
Several ribosomes may attach to a single mRNA and form a chain called polyribosomes. Thus, option (2) is incorrect.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET, NEET 2024 (Re-NEET)
Mesosomes are formed by the extension of plasma membrane into the cytoplasm and help in many functions except

Options:
A cell wall formation
B helps in DNA replication
C polysome formation
D secretion processes

The correct answer is:
polysome formation

Solution:
Mesosomes helps in cell division and DNA replication but polysome is a structure that is formed when one mRNA gets attached with many ribosomes. These polysomes are formed during protein synthesis and they get attached to the mesosomes.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Mesosomes are present in ____ cells.

Options:
A Prokaryotic
B Eukaryotic
C Unicellular
D Pseudocellular

The correct answer is:
Prokaryotic

Solution:
Mesosomes are present in Prokaryotic cells.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Metagenesis is seen in:

Options:
A Sycon
B Aurelia
C Locusta
D Obelia

The correct answer is:
Obelia

Solution:
Cnidarians exhibit two basic body forms called polyp and medusa. The former is a sessile and cylindrical form like Hydra, Adamsia, etc. whereas, the latter is umbrella-shaped and free-swimming like Aurelia or jelly fish. Those cnidarians which exist in both forms exhibit alternation of generation (metagenesis), i.e., polyps produce medusae asexually and medusae form the polyps sexually (e.g., Obelia).

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Metagenesis is seen in

Options:
A Sycon
B Obelia
C Ascaris lumbricoides
D Periplaneta americana

The correct answer is:
Obelia

Solution:
Cnidarians exhibit two basic body forms called polyp and medusa. The former is a sessile and cylindrical form like Hydra, Adamsia, etc. whereas, the latter is umbrella-shaped and free-swimming like Aurelia or jellyfish. Those cnidarians which exist in both forms exhibit alternation of generation (Metagenesis), i.e., polyps produce medusae asexually and medusae form the polyps sexually (e.g. Obelia).

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Metagenesis or alteration of generation can be observed in members of phylum

Options:
A Coelenterata
B Platyhelminthes
C Arthropoda
D Echinodermata

The correct answer is:
Coelenterata

Solution:
Metagenesis (or alternation of generation) Coelenterates exhibit two body forms: polyp and medusa.
A. Polyp = Sessile and cylindrical like Hydra, Adamsia.
B. Medusa = Free swimming, umbrella shaped like Aurelia (jelly fish). Those cnidarians in which both polyp and medusa alternates with each other, are said to exhibit metagenesis. During metagenesis, polyp (asexual stage) reproduce asexually to form medusa, whereas the medusa (sexual stage) sexually reproduce to form polyp, e.g., Obelia.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Metal carbides on reaction with H2O form CH4 , Carbide can be

Options:
A CaC2
B Mg3C2
C Be2C
D All of these

The correct answer is:
Be2C

Solution:
Metal carbides on reaction with H2O form CH4
Be2C+H2O⟶BeOH2+CH4

Topic: Chemistry, s Block Elements, NEET
Metal ions like Ag+, Cu2+ etc. act as

Options:
A Bronsted acids
B Bronsted bases
C Lewis acids
D Lewis bases

The correct answer is:
Lewis acids

Solution:
Simple cations such as Ag+, Cu2+. can accept pairs of electrons because they have vacant orbital hence are Lewis acids.

Topic: Chemistry, Ionic Equilibrium, NEET
Metal salts have which anions in its solution?

Options:
A Sulphates
B Carbonates
C Chlorides
D Bromides

The correct answer is:
Sulphates

Solution:
Correct Option is : 1
Sulphates

Topic: Chemistry, Electrochemistry, NEET
Metallic magnesium is obtained by

Options:
A Reduction of MgO with coke
B Electrolysis of an aqueous solution of MgCl2
C Electrolysis of molten MgCl2
D Displacement of magnesium by iron from MgCl2 solution

The correct answer is:
Electrolysis of molten MgCl2

Solution:
Metallic magnesium is obtained at cathode by Electrolysis of an molten mass of MgCl2 as follows
MgCl2→Mg2++2Cl-
At cathode Mg2++2e-→Mg

Topic: Chemistry, s Block Elements, NEET
Metallic magnesium (Mg) is prepared by

Options:
A displacement of Mg by iron from MgSO4 solution
B electrolysis of an aqueous solution of Mg(NO3)2
C electrolysis of molten MgCl2
D reduction of MgO by coke

The correct answer is:
electrolysis of molten MgCl2

Solution:
Metallic magnesium (Mg) is prepared by electrolysis of molten MgCl2 . When the molten mixture of MgCl2 , NaCl and CaCl2 is electrolysed. Mg (s) is obtained at cathode and Cl2(g) at anode.
A. Iron cannot displace Mg from MgSO4 solution, because Mg is more electropositive than iron.
C. In the electrolysis of MgCl2 (aq) solution, Mg2+ ions are not reduced at cathode, but H ⊕ is reduced in preference, because the electrode potential of Mg2+ is less than that of H ⊕ .
D. Coke cannot reduce MgO, because Mg is a stronger reducing element than carbon.

Topic: Chemistry, s Block Elements, NEET
"Metals are usually not found as nitrates in their ores". Out of the following two (1 and 2) reasons which is/are true for the above observation?
(1) Metal nitrates are highly unstable.
(2) Metal nitrates are highly soluble in water.

Options:
A 1 is true but 2 is false
B 1 is false but 2 is true
C 1 and 2 are false
D 1 and 2 are true

The correct answer is:
1 is false but 2 is true

Solution:
Metal are usually not found as nitrates in their ores as metal nitrates are highly stable like NaNO3 and KNO3 and are highly soluble in water.

Topic: Chemistry, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals, NEET
"Metals are usually not found as nitrates in their ores".
Out of the following two (a and b) reasons which is or are true for the above observation?
(a) Metal nitrates are highly unstable.
(b) Metal nitrates are highly soluble in water.

Options:
A a and b are true
B a and b are false
C a is false but b is true
D a is true but b is false

The correct answer is:
a is false but b is true

Solution:
Metals are usually not found as nitrates in their ores, because metal nitrates are highly soluble in water.
The nature anion ( N O 3 â ) has three equivalent oxygen surrounding a central nitrogen atom. This tends to spread the single negative charge and make it easier for water to separate the ions in solution.

Topic: Chemistry, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 1)
Metameric segmentation is the characteristic of:

Options:
A mollusca and chordata
B platyhelminthes and arthropoda
C echinodermata and annelida
D annelida and arthropoda

The correct answer is:
annelida and arthropoda

Solution:
Metameric segmentation is the characteristic of Annelida and Arthropoda. It is true segmentation in which external segmentation corresponds to the internal segmentation and the body is divided into a number of segments.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2006
Metaphase-II of meiosis differs from metaphase-I in possessing

Options:
A same number of chromosomes in cells and same number of chromatids in each chromosome
B half number of chromosomes in cells and half number of chromatids in each chromosome
C half number of chromosomes in cells and same number of chromatids in each chromosome
D half number of chromosomes in cells and double number of chromatids in each chromosome

The correct answer is:
half number of chromosomes in cells and half number of chromatids in each chromosome

Solution:
In metaphase I of meiosis disjunction of chromosomal pair occurs and chromosome number is reduced to half, but each chromosome has two chromatids. In metaphase II centromere splits and chromatids are separated thus each chromosome has one chromatid.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
Methane is quite stable, whereas silane is unstable? Because -

Options:
A Câ C bond energy is much greater than SiâSi bond energy
B SiâH bond energy is much lower than CâH bond energy
C Si has vacant p-orbitals which are more susceptible for nucleophilic attack
D All of above reasons

The correct answer is:
Si—H bond energy is much lower than C—H bond energy

Solution:
SiâH bond energy is 393 kJ/mol
Whereas, CâH bond energy is 435 kJ/mol
DCâC â 340 kJ/mol & DSiâSiâ368 kJ/mol
CâC and SiâSi bond energies are comparable, while Si−H bond energy is lower than C−H bond energy, so methane is quite stable, whereas silane is unstable.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 13 & 14), NEET
Methanogenic bacteria are not found in

Options:
A Rumen of cattle
B Gobar gas plant
C Bottom of water-logged paddy fields
D Activated sludge

The correct answer is:
Activated sludge

Solution:
Methanogenic bacteria are found in rumen of cattle, gobar gas plant and bottom of, water-logged paddy fields.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Methanogens are commonly found in

Options:
A anaerobic sludge.
B rumen of cattle.
C gobar.
D all of these.

The correct answer is:
all of these.

Solution:
Methanogens refer to the group of microorganisms that convert inorganic, organic compounds into methane and carbon dioxide. These are primarily found in the rumen and gut of animals, swamps, compost, etc. Methane production is maximum in ruminants.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Methanogens belong to:

Options:
A Eubacteria
B Archaebacteria
C Dinoflagellates
D Slime moulds

The correct answer is:
Archaebacteria

Solution:
ARCHAEBACTERIA:

These archaebacteria are special since they live in some of the harshest habitats such as extreme salty areas (halophiles), hot springs (thermoacidophiles), and marshy areas (methanogens).
Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having a different cell wall structure and this feature is responsible for their survival in extreme conditions.

Archaebacteria are divided into three groups - methanogens, halophiles, and thermoacidophiles.

Methanogens: These bacteria are of marshy habitats. They are capable of converting CO2, methanol, and formic acid into methane so named methanogens. These methanogens are present in the guts of several ruminant animals such as cows and buffaloes, and they are responsible for the production of methane (biogas) from the dung of these animals. These are chemoautotrophs.
Examples: Methanococcus, Methanobacterium, etc.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 2)
Methanogens do not produce

Options:
A Oxygen
B Methane
C Hydrogen sulfide
D Carbon dioxide

The correct answer is:
Oxygen

Solution:
Methanogens are obligate anaerobes, which produce methane, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide but do not produce oxygen.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Methanoic acid is heated with conc. H2SO4, to form

Options:
A CO
B CO2
C CH4
D COOH2

The correct answer is:
CO

Solution:
HCOOH â conc . H 2 SO 4 , heat CO+ H 2 O

Topic: Chemistry, Carboxylic Acid Derivatives, NEET