datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Select the option which describes the correct parts of the human brain with the functions mentioned below:

I. It contains association areas that are responsible for complex functions like intersensory associations, memory and communication.
II. It controls osmolarity of body fluids, urges for eating and drinking.
III. It is involved in the regulation of sexual behaviour, expression of emotional reactions.
IV. It controls cardio-vascular reflexes and gastric secretions.

Options:
A I-Cerebrum; II-Medulla; III- Limbic system; IV-Hypothalamus
B I-Cerebellum; II-Hypothalamus ; III-Cerebrum; IV-Medulla
C I-Cerebral cortex; II-Medulla; III-Hypothalamus; IV-Limbic system
D I-Cerebral cortex; II-Hypothalamus; III-Hypothalamus and Limbic system; IV-Medulla

The correct answer is:
I-Cerebral cortex; II-Hypothalamus; III-Hypothalamus and Limbic system; IV-Medulla

Solution:
Cerebral cortex contains association areas, are responsible for complex functions like intersensory associations, memory and communication.
Hypothalamus control body temperature, osmolarity of body fluids, urge for eating and drinking. The inner parts of cerebral hemispheres and a group of associated deep structures like amygdala, hippocampus, etc., form a complex structure called the limbic lobe or limbic system. Along with the hypothalamus, it is involved in the regulation of sexual behaviour, expression of emotional reactions (e.g., excitement, pleasure, rage and fear), and motivation.
The medulla of the brain is connected to the spinal cord. The medulla contains centres which control respiration, cardiovascular reflexes and gastric secretions.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Select the option which gives the correct information about the white muscle fiber.

Options:
A The amount of endoplasmic reticulum is high and the number of mitochondria is low
B The amount of endoplasmic reticulum is high and the number of mitochondria is also high
C The amount of endoplasmic reticulum is low and the number of mitochondria is high
D The amount of endoplasmic reticulum is low and the number of mitochondria is low

The correct answer is:
The amount of endoplasmic reticulum is high and the number of mitochondria is low

Solution:
White muscle fibres:
1. These have a very less quantity of myoglobin, giving them whitish (or pale) appearance.
2. The number of mitochondria are very few.
3. These muscles are also known as anaerobic muscles as these depend on anaerobic process for energy.
4. The amount of sarcoplasmic reticulum is high.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Select the option which is not correct with respect to enzyme action:

Options:
A Substrate binds with enzyme at its active site.
B Additon of lot of succinate does not reverse the inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by malonate
C A non-competitive inhibitor binds the enzyme at a site distinct from that which binds the substrate
D Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinic dehydrogenase.

The correct answer is:
Additon of lot of succinate does not reverse the inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by malonate

Solution:
Inhibition of the enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase by malonate is an example of competitive inhibition. Such inhibiton is overcome by editon of excess substrate (succinate) in the medium. In competitive inhibition, inhibitor has similar structure as that of substrate, so there is competition between inhibitor and substrate for binding with active site.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET, NEET 2014
Select the option which is not correct with respect to enzyme action.

Options:
A Substrate binds with enzyme at its active site to form enzyme substrate complex.
B Addition of lot of succinate does not reverse the inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by malonate.
C A noncompetitive inhibitor cannot bind the active site of the enzyme at a site distinct from that which binds the substrate.
D Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinic dehydrogenase.

The correct answer is:
Addition of lot of succinate does not reverse the inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by malonate.

Solution:
The reduction of activity of succinate dehydrogenase by malonate is an example of competitive inhibition. Competitive inhibition is a reversible inhibition where inhibitor competes with the normal substrate for the active site of the enzyme. A competitive inhibitor is usually similar to the normal substrate and, therefore, fits the active site of an enzyme and binds with it. Since a competitive inhibitor occupies the site only temporarily, the enzyme action is not permanently affected. Thus, addition of a lot of succinate can reverse the inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by malonate.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Select the option which is not correctly matched for mode of reproduction and its example.

Options:
A Binary fission - Sargassum
B Conidia - Penicillium
C Offset - Water hyacinth
D Rhizome - Banana

The correct answer is:
Binary fission - Sargassum

Solution:
Sargassum is a multicellular brown alga. In brown algae, asexual reproduction occurs by means of spores and sexual reproduction varies from isogamy, anisogamy to oogamy. Binary fission is commonly observed in unicellular forms.

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
Select the option which is the exact representation of the picture given below.

Options:
A Crutose lichens
B Fruiticose lichens
C Foliose lichens
D Crustose and fruiticose lichens

The correct answer is:
Crutose lichens

Solution:
Lichens are pioneer organisms on bare rocks as they corrode the rocks by secreting enzymes and convert it into soil. The crustose lichens are the first lichens to inhabit the rocks and are called as endothilic. It is a complex life form that is a symbiotic partnership of two separate organisms, a fungus, and algae. The dominant partner is the fungus, which gives the lichen the majority of its characteristics, from its thallus shape to its fruiting bodies.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Select the option which shows correct matching of animal with its excretory organ and excretory product.

Options:
A Animal - Labeo (Rohu); Excretory Organ - Nephridial tubes; Excretory Product - Ammonia
B Animal - Salamander; Excretory Organ - Kidneys; Excretory Product - Urea
C Animal - Peacock; Excretory Organ - Kidneys; Excretory Product - Urea
D Animal - Housefly; Excretory Organ - Renal tubules; Excretory Product - Uric acid

The correct answer is:
Animal - Salamander; Excretory Organ - Kidneys; Excretory Product - Urea

Solution:
In salamander, mesonephric kidney are the excretory organs, and excrete urea. In labeo (rohu), mesonephric kidney are the excretory organs, and excrete ammonia. Peacock have metanephric kidneys, excreting uric acid. In housefly, excretory organ is Malpighian tubules, excreting uric acid.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET, NEET 2013 (Karnataka)
Select the option with a correct representation of an animal to the below-mentioned class of vertebrates:

I. The jawless animal in which the body is devoid of scales and paired fins.

II. They have four pairs of gills that are covered by an operculum.

III. The body is covered by dry and cornified skin, epidermal scales or scutes.

IV. Skin is dry without glands and long bones are hollow with air cavities.

Options:
A I-Calotes; II-Neophron; III- Clarius; IV-Lamprey
B I-Clarius; II-Lamprey; III-Neophron; IV-Calotes
C I-Lamprey; II-Clarius; III-Calotes; IV-Neophron
D I-Lamprey; II-Calotes; III-Clarius; IV-Neophron

The correct answer is:
I-Lamprey; II-Clarius; III-Calotes; IV-Neophron

Solution:
Cyclostomata such as lamprey is jawless and the body is devoid of scales and paired fins. Osteichthyes such as clarius, have four pairs of gills which are covered by an operculum. In calotes, the Reptiles, the body is covered by dry and cornified skin, epidermal scales or scutes. Neophron, an Egyptian vulture the skin is dry without glands and long bones are hollow with air cavities.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Select the option with a correct representation of phylum of animals to the below-mentioned features:

I. The body is supported by a skeleton made up of spicules or spongin fibers with choanocytes line the spongocoel.

II. Specialized cells called flame cells help in osmoregulation and excretion.

III. The body bears eight rows of ciliated comb plates which helps in locomotion.

IV. The alimentary canal is complete with the well developed muscular pharynx.

Options:
A

I	II	III	IV
Echinodermata	Platyhelminthes	Cnidaria	Arthropoda

B

I	II	III	IV
Echinodermata	Nematoda	Ctenophora	Annelida

C

I	II	III	IV
Porifera	Aschelminthes	Echinodermata	Platyhelminthes

D

I	II	III	IV

Porifera	Platyhelminthes	Ctenophora	Aschelminthes

The correct answer is:

I	II	III	IV

Porifera	Platyhelminthes	Ctenophora	Aschelminthes

Solution:
In Porifera/sponges the body is supported by a skeleton made up of spicules or spongin fibers with choanocytes line the spongocoel.
In Platyhelminthes, the specialized cells called flame cells help in osmoregulation and excretion.
Ctenophora bears eight rows of ciliated comb plates which help in locomotion.
In Aschelmenthes the alimentary canal is complete with the well developed muscular pharynx.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Select the option with correct identification of the given contraceptive measure and the hormone essentially present in it.

Options:
A Second generation IUD - ML-250
B Third generation IUD - Progesterone
C Subcutaneous implant - Progesterone or progesterone estrogen combination
D Intramuscular depot - Norgesterol

The correct answer is:
Subcutaneous implant - Progesterone or progesterone estrogen combination

Solution:
Progestogens alone or in combination with estrogen can also be used by females as injections or implants under the skin. Their mode of action is similar to that of pills and their effective periods are much longer.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
Select the option with features that are applicable for a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

Binds to the active site	Changes shape of the enzyme	Similar shape to the substrate	Rate of reaction affected by the concentration of inhibitor

I.	Yes	No	Yes	Yes

II.	Yes	No	No	Yes

III.	No	Yes	Yes	No

IV.	No	Yes	No	No

Options:
A I.
B II.
C III.
D IV.

The correct answer is:
I.

Solution:
When the binding of the chemical shuts off enzyme activity, the process is called inhibition and the chemical is called an inhibitor. When the inhibitor closely resembles the substrate in its molecular structure and inhibits the activity of the enzyme, it is known as a competitive inhibitor. The inhibitor binds to the active site without changing the active site structure and affects the rate of reaction.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Select the option with the correct identification of the structures labeled by alphabets (A-F) in the given diagram of the human skull:-

Options:
A A - Temporal bone, B - Parietal bone, C - Occipital condyle
B C - Occipital condyle, D - Zygomatic bone, E – Mandible
C A - Parietal bone , D - Vomer bone, F – Mandible
D B - Temporal bone, C - Hyoid bone, E – Mandible

The correct answer is:
C - Occipital condyle, D - Zygomatic bone, E – Mandible

Solution:
A = Parietal bone, B =Temporal bone, C = Occipital condyle, D = Zygomatic bone, E = Mandible.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
Select the option with the correct labeling.

Options:
A 1. epithelial tissue
2. smooth muscle
3. connective tissue
4. valve
5. capillaries
B 1. smooth muscle
2. epithelial tissue
3. connective tissue
4. valve
â5. capillaries
C 1. connective tissue
2. smooth muscle
3. epithelial tissue
4. valve
5. capillaries
D 1. smooth muscle
2. connective tissue
3. epithelial tissue
4. valve
5. capillaries

The correct answer is:
1. epithelial tissue
2. smooth muscle
3. connective tissue
4. valve
5. capillaries

Solution:
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, where it branches into even smaller vessels called arterioles and further branches into small capillaries, where the exchange of nutrients and other waste molecules occurs.
Veins carry blood away towards the heart, where it branches into even smaller vessels called venules and further branches into small capillaries. Compared to arteries, veins are thin-walled.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Select the option with the correct match.

Column - I	Column - II

A.	GFR	1.	1100 mL/min.

B.	Renal Blood flow	2.	125 mL/min.

C.	Urine formation rate	3.	60 mL/hour.

Options:
A A-2, B-1, C-3.
B A-3,Â B-2,Â C-1.
C A-3,Â B-1,Â C-2.
D A-2,Â B-3,Â C-1.

The correct answer is:
A-2, B-1, C-3.

Solution:
About 1100-1200 mL of blood (1/5 th of cardiac output) is filtered at the level of glomerulus of both kidneys per minute. This is termed RBF (Renal Blood flow)
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
- It refers to the amount of the filtrate formed by the both kidneys per minute.
- GFR = 125 ml/minute or 180 litres per day.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET
Select the option with the correct match for the following two tables.

Column-I	Column-II

P	A	Argemone

Q	B	Primrose

R	C	Lemon

S	D	Sunflower

Options:
A P=C, Q=B, R=A, S=D
B P=C, Q=A, R=B, S=D
C P=A, Q=C, R=D, S=B
D P=D, Q=B, R=A, S=C

The correct answer is:
P=C, Q=A, R=B, S=D

Solution:
P=C, Q=A, R=B, S=D

Lemon or citrus shows axile placentation.

Argemone exhibits parietal placentation.

Primrose has free central placentation.

Sunflower shows basal placentation.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the option with the correct pairing.

Column I	Column II

a. Statin	(i) Trichoderma

b. Swiss cheese	(ii) Methanobacterium

c. Cyclosporin A	(iii) Monascus

d. Biogas	(iv) Propionibacterium

Options:
A a(i), b(ii), c(iii), d(iv).
B a(iv), b(ii), c(iii), d(i).
C a(iii), b(iv), c(i), d(ii).
D a(ii), b(i), c(iii), d(iv).

The correct answer is:
a(iii), b(iv), c(i), d(ii).

Solution:
The large holes in âSwiss cheeseâ are due to production of a large amount of CO2 by a bacterium named Propionibacterium sharmanii.
Cyclosporin A, that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients, is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum. Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents. It acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol.
Biogas is a mixture of gases (containing predominantly methane) produced by the microbial activity and which may be used as fuel. Certain bacteria, which grow anaerobically on cellulosic material, produce a large amount of methane along with CO2 and H2. These bacteria are collectively called methanogens, and one such common bacterium is Methanobacterium. These bacteria are commonly found in the anaerobic sludge during sewage treatment.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Select the option with the correct sequence of events in the life cycle of Bryophytes:
(I) Germination of spores
(II) Formation of gametes.
(III) Formation of gametophyte.
(IV) Fertilization of gametes to form an embryo.
(V) Formation of sporophyte.

Options:
A I, III, IV, V, II
B III, VI, V, II, I
C III, II, IV, V, I
D V, I, II, III, IV

The correct answer is:
III, II, IV, V, I

Solution:
The sequence of events in the life cycle of Bryophytesis as follows: formation of gametophyte â formation of gametes â fertilization of gametes to form an embryo â formation of the sporophyte â germination of spores.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Select the organism that cannot make food with light as source of energy.

Options:
A Gonyaulax
B Chlamydomonas
C Trypanosmona
D Nostoc

The correct answer is:
Trypanosmona

Solution:
Trypanosoma is a flagellated protozoan which is parasitic in nature. It causes diseases like Sleeping sickness. Gonyaulax is a photosynthetic dinoflagellate. Chlamydomonas is a single celled alga. Nostoc is a photosynthetic cyanobacterium.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Select the output Y of the combination of gates shown in figure for inputs A=1,B=0;A=1,B=1 and A=0,B=0 respectively.

Options:
A 0,Â 1,Â 1
B 1,Â 0,Â 1
C 1,Â 1,Â 1
D 1, 0, 0

The correct answer is:
1, 0, 0

Solution:
According to the given question,
Truth table

A	B	C=AâBÂ¯	D=AâCÂ¯	E=CâBÂ¯	Y=DâEÂ¯

1	0	1	0	1	1

1	1	0	1	1	0

0	0	1	1	1	0

Therefore, the output, Y=1, 0, 0

Topic: Physics, Semiconductors, NEET
Select the pair of marine water variety of fish?

Options:
A Rohu and Catla
B Common carp and Mackerel
C Rohu and Pomfret
D Sardines and Pomfret

The correct answer is:
Sardines and Pomfret

Solution:
Common edible freshwater fishes	1. Catla 2. Common carp 3. Rohu
Common edible marine fishes	1. Hilsa 2. Sardines 3. Mackerel 4. Pomfrets

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
Select the pairs of sedimentary biogeochemical cycles.
I. Hydrogen cycle and water cycle
II. Phosphorus Cycle and sulphur cycle
III. Calcium cycle and magnesium cycle
IV. Carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle

Options:
A I and II
B II and III
C III and IV
D I and IV

The correct answer is:
II and III

Solution:
Biogeochemical cycle is of two types:

Gaseous cycles: Exchange of nutrients occurs in gaseous or vapour form. In this cycle, biogeochemical is non-mineral and the reservoir pool is atmosphere or hydrosphere. E.g., Nitrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen cycle.

Sedimentary cycle: In this cycle, biogeochemical is mineral, reservoir pool is earth’s crust or lithosphere. E.g., sulphur, phosphorous, calcium and magnesium cycle.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 1)
Select the part of the animal body with its correct tissue type.

Options:
A Columnar Epithelium- Blood vessel
B Cuboidal Epithelium - Stomach lining
C Squamous Epithelium - Lung air sac
D Ciliated Epithelium - Food pipe

The correct answer is:
Squamous Epithelium - Lung air sac

Solution:
Alveoli air sac has squamous epithelium, the ciliated epithelium is found in the fallopian tube, cuboidal epithelium in kidney tubules, the columnar epithelium is seen inlining the stomach and small intestine.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Select the part of the female reproductive system that is homologous to the penis of the male.

Options:
A Bartholin's gland
B Ovary
C Labia majora
D Clitoris

The correct answer is:
Clitoris

Solution:
Male Organ/Gland	Female Organ/Gland	Shared functions

Scrotum	Labia majora	-

Testis	Ovary	Gamete & sex hormone production

Cowper’s gland	Bartholin’s glands	Lubricating secretions

Penis	Clitoris	Erectile tissue and sensation

Skene's gland	Prostate gland	Alkaline secretion

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Select the polymer of fructose.

Options:
A Starch
B Cellulose
C Glycogen
D Inulin

The correct answer is:
Inulin

Solution:
Starch, cellulose and glycogen are the polysaccharides with glucose as their monomeric unit. Inulin is a polysaccharide made of monomeric units of fructose.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Select the possible non-metals that can show disproportionation reaction.

Options:
A Oxygen (O)
B Hydrogen (H)
C Chlorine (Cl)
D Sodium (Na)

The correct answer is:
Chlorine (Cl)

Solution:
Correct Option is : (C)
Chlorine (Cl)

Topic: Chemistry, Redox Reactions, NEET
Select the reagent used to bring about the following transformation; But -2- ene to ethanal.

Options:
A CrO2Cl2/H3O+
B K2Cr2O7 in acidic medium
C O3/H2O - Zn dust
D PCC

The correct answer is:
O3/H2O - Zn dust

Solution:
It is ozonolysis reaction.

Topic: Chemistry, Aldehydes and Ketones, NEET
Select the restriction endonuclease enzymes whose restriction sites are present for the tetracycline resistance (tet ${ }^R$ ) gene in the pBR322 cloning vector.

Options:
A Bam HI and Sal I
B Sal I and Pst I
C Pst I and PvuI
D Pvu I and Bam HI

The correct answer is:
Bam HI and Sal I

Solution:
The correct answer is option (1), because the restriction sites for restriction endonucleases Bam HI and Sal I are present within the tet ${ }^R$ gene in the pBR322 cloning vector.
Options (2), (3) and (4) are incorrect because the restriction sites of $P$ st I and $P v u I$ are present within the $a m p^R$ gene in the pBR322 cloning vector.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET, NEET 2024 (Re-NEET)
Select the right match of the endocrine gland and their hormone among the options given below

Column I

Column II

A. Pineal

(i) Epinephrine

B. Thyroid

(ii) Melatonin

C. Ovary

(iii) Estrogen

D. Adrenal medulla

(iv) Tetraiodothyronine

Options:

Options:
A A-iv, B-ii, C-iii, D-i
B A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii
C A-iv, B-ii, C-i, D-iii
D A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i

The correct answer is:
A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i

Solution:
Option (d) is the answer.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Select the sequence of steps in Respiration.
(A) Diffusion of gases $\left(\mathrm{O}_2\right.$ and $\left.\mathrm{CO}_2\right)$ across alveolar membrane.
(B) Diffusion of $\mathrm{O}_2$ and $\mathrm{CO}_2$ between blood and tissues.
(C) Transport of gases by the blood.
(D) Pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and $\mathrm{CO}_2$ rich alveolar air is released out.
(E) Utilisation of $\mathrm{O}_2$ by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of $\mathrm{CO}_2$.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Options:
A (B), (C), (E), (D), (A)
B (A), (C), (B), (E), (D)
C (D), (A), (C), (B), (E)
D (C), (B), (A), (E), (D)

The correct answer is:
(D), (A), (C), (B), (E)

Solution:
Option (3) is the answer, because the respiration involves the following stages:
1. Breathing or pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and $\mathrm{CO}_2$ rich alveolar air is released out.
2. Diffusion of gases $\left(\mathrm{O}_2\right.$ and $\left.\mathrm{CO}_2\right)$ across alveolar membrane.
3. Transport of gases by the blood.
4. Diffusion of $\mathrm{O}_2$ and $\mathrm{CO}_2$ between blood and tissue.
5. Utilisation of $\mathrm{O}_2$ by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of $\mathrm{CO}_2$
Rest of options (1), (2) and (4) are not the answers because these steps are not arranged in the correct sequence.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET, NEET 2023 (Manipur)
Select the set having correct statements pertaining to the adsorption of a gas on a solid surface
(1) Physisorption may transform into chemisorptions at high temperature
(2) Chemisorption is more exothermic than physisorption, however it is very slow due to higher energy of activation
(3) Adsorption is always exothermic
(4) Physiosorption increases with increasing temperature but chemisorptions decreases with increasing temperature

Options:
A 1,2
B 2,3
C 1,2,3
D 1,2,4

The correct answer is:
1,2,3

Solution:
Here statements 1,2,3 are correct regarding adsorption. Only 4th one is incorrect as Physiosorption decreases with increasing temperature while chemisorptions first increases than decreases with the increase of temperature.

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, NEET
Select the set of correct statements.

P. Crista ampullaris is found in saccule and utricle.

Q. Diameter of a pupil is regulated by ciliary muscles.

R. Minimum number of neurons in a reflex pathway are two.

Options:
A Q and R is correct
B P and R is correct
C Only R is correct
D Q, R

The correct answer is:
Only R is correct

Solution:
Only R statement is correct, P and Q statements are wrong. The Crista ampullaris is found in semicircular canals and the diameter of a pupil is regulated by muscles of iris.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Select the set of correct statements.

P. Metastasis is not the property of benign tumours
Q. Cancer cannot be induced by chemical agents.
R. Biopsy and histopathological studies are important tools for the diagnosis of cancer.

Options:
A Â P,Â Q
B Q,Â R
C P, R
D All

The correct answer is:
P, R

Solution:
Q. Cancer can be induced by chemical agents.
Contact inhibition: This is a property of normal cells because of which contact with other cells keep a check on their uncontrolled growth.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET