datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Read the following statements:

i. 51% of carbon is found dissolved in oceans.

ii. The oceanic reservoir regulates the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

iii. Some amount of the fixed carbon is lost to sediments and removed from circulation.

iv. Carbon constitutes 49% of the dry weight of an organism and it is next only to water.

Options:
A i and ii are true but iii and iv are false
B i and iii are true but ii and iv are false
C ii and iii are true but i and iv are false
D i and iv are correct but ii and iii are false

The correct answer is:
ii and iii are true but i and iv are false

Solution:
The carbon cycle is a type of nutrient cycle where the carbon travels from the atmosphere to organism and Earth and back to the atmosphere in various forms like carbon dioxide. From the total carbon content in the biosphere, 71% of it is found dissolved in oceans as oceans absorb a lot of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis by phytoplankton. The oceanic reservoir regulates the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere via absorption and utilization. From the total carbon available to the organisms, some amount of the fixed carbon gets lost as sediments forming rocks and removed from circulation. Decomposers contribute carbon substantially by their activity of processing waste and dead organic matter.
It is found that carbon constitutes nearly 49% of the dry weight of an organism which is next to water which is approximately 70%.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Read the following statements:

I. Eukaryotic plant cell walls contain peptidoglycans in addition to cellulose.
II. Plasmodesmata and centrioles are found in all plant cells.
III. Plant cell contains 80S ribosomes which they use to manufacture proteins.
IV. Amyloplasts are a type of plastids found in a plant cell that help so store carbohydrates.

Identify the statements that are INCORRECT regarding plant cell.

Options:
A I and II only
B I, II, III and IV
C II and IV only
D I and III only

The correct answer is:
I and II only

Solution:
Plant cell has cell wall that is primarily made of cellulose but does not have peptidoglycan. Rather peptidoglycan is found in the cell wall of prokaryotes like bacteria. Plasmodesmata is feature in plant cell enabling connection between cells and supporting transport of materials although centrioles are characteristic of animal cells useful in the process of cell division. A plant cell has 80S ribosome, a feature of eukaryotic cell. Plastids are an organelle found only in plant cell of which those that store carbohydrates are known as Amyloplasts.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Read the following statements (i, ii, iii and iv) and select the right choice with respect to coconut.

i. The fruit is developed from inferior ovary
ii. The middle fleshy mesocarp is edible.
iii. The fruit is known as a drupe.
iv. Endocarp is stony.

Options:
A i, ii & iii are correct
B Only iii is correct
C iii & iv are correct
D i & ii are correct

The correct answer is:
iii & iv are correct

Solution:
A drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part surrounds a shell of hardened endocarp with a seed (kernel) inside.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the following statements:

i. Open type circulatory systems are found in Arthropods.
ii. Pseudocoelomates are bilaterally symmetrical.
iii. Most of the sponges are radially symmetrical.
iv. Platyhelminthes have a tissue level of organization.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

Options:
A One
B Two
C Three
D None

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
The level of organization in sponges is cellular and are asymmetrical animals. Platyhelminthes/flatworms are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and acoelomate animals with organ level of organization.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Read the following statements:

(i) Presence of DNA.
(ii) Presence of cristae.
(iii) Presence of the 70S ribosome.
(iv) Enzyme for carbohydrate synthesis.
(v) Site for oxidative phosphorylation.

How many of the above statements are in common for mitochondria and chloroplast?

Options:
A Two
B Five
C Four
D Three

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
Mitochondria and chloroplast both have their own DNA and ribosomes, and are self-replicating. They both have a double membrane.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Read the following statements (i) to (v)

(i) During transcription, adenine pairs with uracil.
(ii) The human genome has about 98% of junk DNA.
(iii) A human gene on an average contains 3000 bps and there are about 30,000 genes in the human genome.
(iv) Y-chromosome of the human genome has the least number of genes, i.e., 321 in the human genome.
(v) Western blot is used to detect proteins.

How many statements are CORRECT?

Options:
A 5
B 4
C 3
D 2

The correct answer is:
5

Solution:
Transcription is one of the process of protein synthesis where mRNA is synthesized from DNA. In this process, adenine pairs with uracil as RNA has uracil instead of thymine.
Western blot is a technique to detect proteins from a mixture based on their molecular weight which is run through gel electrophoresis.
Our genome contains the instructions to make proteins which regulate the body processes. Although, only 2% of the total genome contains the information for gene expression and rest 98% is considered to be junk.
Human male cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes of which 23rd pair is the sex chromosomes. It has X and Y chromosomes. In it the Y chromosome is the smallest chromosome having approximately 231 genes.
Human genome has approximately 3 billion chemical base pairs with 20000-25000 genes in the DNA.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Read the following statements (i-iv) about human heart:

(i) Human heart is myogenic and our body has the ability to alter the heart rate, cardiac output but not stroke volume.

(ii) P-wave in ECG marks the atrial systole.

(iii) Adrenal medullary hormones acts on SA node and increases heart rate.

How many statement is/are correct from the above?

Options:
A Four
B Three
C Two
D One

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
Statement (i) is incorrect.
The body has ability to alter the stroke volume as well as the heart rate and thereby the cardiac output.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Read the following statements (I-IV):

I. The machine that is used to obtain ECG of a patient is called an electrocardiograph.
II. The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle per cardiac cycle is called the cardiac output.
III. The second heart sound is associated with the opening of both semilunar valves.
IV. Hypertension is denoted by the ratio of systolic and diastolic pressure in mm of mercury pressure.

How many statement(s) is/are correct from the above?

Options:
A Two
B Three
C Four
D One

The correct answer is:
One

Solution:
The machine that is used to obtain ECG of a patient is called electrocardiograph. The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle per cardiac cycle is called stroke volume. The second heart sound is associated with closure of both semilunar valves.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Read the following statements in context to muscle tissue and choose the correct answer.

(i) Excessive exercise results in anaerobic respiration and forms lactic acid.
(ii) As per sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, the filament that moves to shorten a muscle is actin.
(iii) The muscles primarily involved in locomotion is striated muscles.

Options:
A i and ii only
B ii and iii only
C i and iii only
D i, ii and iii

The correct answer is:
i, ii and iii

Solution:
Excessive exercise results in anaerobic respiration and forms lactic acid which is responsible for muscle cramps.
The sliding filament theory is the explanation for how muscles contract to produce force. The reaction, created from the arrival of an impulse stimulates the 'heads' on the myosin filament to reach forward, attach to the actin filament and pull actin towards the centre of the sarcomere. This process occurs simultaneously in all sarcomeres, the end process of which is the shortening of all sarcomeres.
Skeletal muscles are closely associated with the skeletal components of the body and these muscles when viewed under microscope shows striations and are therefore called as striated muscles.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
Read the following statements (IV) and answer the question which follows them
I. In liverworts, mosses and ferns gametophytes are free living.
II. Gymnosperms and some ferns are heterospores.
III. Sexual reproduction in Fucus, Vofvox and Albugo is oogamous.
N. The sporophyte in liverworts is more elaborate than that in mosses.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Options:
A One
B Two
C Three
D Four

The correct answer is:
Three

Solution:
Statement I, II and III are correct. In IV-sporophyte in mosses is more elaborate than in liverworts. V-Pinus is a monoecious plant, producing male and female cones every year. In Marchantia, plant body is strictly dioecious and isomorphic. Sex argans are found in specialised sexual receptacles called anthridiophore and archegoniophore.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)
Read the following statements -

P. Each female foetus ovary possess a couple of billion gamete mother cells.
Q. Spermatogenesis starts at puberty.
R. In semen, at least 40% sperms should have a normal shape for fertility.

How many of the given statements are not true?

Options:
A None
B One
C Two
D Three

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
Each female foetal ovary possess a couple of million gamete mother cells.
In semen, at least 60% sperms should have normal shape for fertility.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Read the following statements regarding diploid cell and identify the INCORRECT one.

I. It can undergo a mitotic division to allow growth to occur.
II. It can undergo a mitotic division to repair a cell.
III. It can undergo a reduction division to form haploid cells.
IV. It is the one that possesses two complete sets of chromosomes.

Options:
A All except II
B Only II
C Only I and III
D Only III and IV

The correct answer is:
Only II

Solution:
A cell having two sets of chromosomes is termed as diploid cell (statement IV) which produces haploid cell via meiosis (Statement III). Meiosis is the reductional division process where the chromosome number is halved in the newly formed daughter cells. Mitosis (equational division) usually results in the production of diploid daughter cells with identical genetic complement. The growth of multicellular organisms is due to mitosis. Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells. It is not useful in repair of single cell rather useful in repair of tissue by replacing the damaged cells. Hence, statement II is not correct.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
Read the following statements regarding DNA recombinant technology. Identify the statements that are true and false and select the appropriate option.

I. Selectable marker helps in identifying and eliminating non-transformants and selectively permitting the growth of the transformants.

II. Plasmids have the ability to replicate within bacterial cells independent of the control of chromosomal DNA making it a suitable cloning vector.

III. The DNA fragments for isolation can be separated by a technique known as thin-layer chromatography.

IV. A technique where cells are bombarded with high velocity micro-particles of Au or W coated with DNA is known as micro-injection.

I	II	III	IV

1	False	False	True	True

2	True	True	False	False

3	True	True	True	True

4	False	False	True	False

Options:
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4

The correct answer is:
2

Solution:
A marker is necessary for the DNA recombinant technology to identify the transformed cell which will have our gene of interest. Plasmids are autonomously replicating circular extra-chromosomal DNA hence they are a very good tool for DNA recombination. When gold or tungsten microparticles are used for transferring the gene of interest into the cell, the technique is called gene gun. Micro-injection is the process of injecting a micro-needle into the nucleus to insert the gene of interest. DNA fragments are separated using the process called AGE- agarose gel electrophoresis.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Read the following statements regarding Euglenoids and select the INCORRECT ones.

(i) These are mostly freshwater organisms found in stagnant water.
(ii) Their body is covered by a protein-rich layer called pellicle which makes their body flexible.
(iii) They are photosynthetic in the presence of sunlight but become heterotrophs in the absence of sunlight.
(iv) They usually possess two flagella, one long and one short.
(v) Euglenoids are multicellular ciliate protists.

Options:
A (i) and (v)
B (iv) and (v)
C (iii) only
D (v) only

The correct answer is:
(v) only

Solution:
Euglenoids are unicellular freshwater organisms with two flagella (one long one short) belonging to the kingdom Protista and are found in stagnant water. These organisms instead of a cell wall possess a protein-rich layer called pellicle, which helps to make their body flexible. They can act as autotrophs in presence of sunlight as well as heterotrophs in absence of it.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Read the following statements regarding evolution:

A. The Therapsids were synapsids who gave rise to mammals.
B. The seed ferns were the common ancestors of all gymnosperms and angiosperms.
C. The term saltation was given by Darwin for single-step large mutation.
D. The work of Thomas Malthus on populations influenced Darwin.

Choose the correct option based on the accuracy of these statements.

Options:
A A,C and D are correct
B Only B and C are incorrect
C A,B and C are incorrect
D Only C and D are correct

The correct answer is:
Only B and C are incorrect

Solution:
The seed ferns were common ancestor of cycads and angiosperms. The other gymnosperms are originated from Psilophytons. The term saltation was given by Hugo deVriesf or single step large mutation, which causes speciation. The work of

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Read the following statements regarding evolution (A-D).

A. Whales, bats, cheetah, and humans (all mammals) share similarities in the pattern of bones of forelimbs.

B. The diversity of life forms on earth has been changing over millions of years.

C. About 65 million years ago the dinosaurs suddenly disappeared from the earth.

D. A single-step large mutation is called speciation and explained by Herbert Spencer.

How many statements from the above is/are correct?

Options:
A Four
B Three
C Two
D One

The correct answer is:
Three

Solution:
Evolution for Darwin was gradual while Hugo deVries believed mutation caused speciation and hence called it Saltation. Herbert Spencer coined the phrase Survival of fittest.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Read the following statements regarding living organisms. How many of the following statements are incorrect?

(i) As we go higher from species to kingdom, the number of common characteristics goes on increasing.
(ii) Lower the taxa, more are the characteristics that the members within the taxon share.
(iii) Lower the category, greater is the difficulty of determining the relationship to other taxa at the same level.
(iv) All organisms, including those in plants and animal kingdom, have sub-species as the lowest obligate category.

Options:
A One
B Two
C Three
D Four

The correct answer is:
Three

Solution:
As we go higher from species to kingdom, the number of common characteristics decreases. Lower the taxa, more are the characteristics that the members within the taxon share. Higher the category, greater is the difficulty of determining the relationship to other taxa at the same level. All organisms, including those in plants and animal kingdom, have species as the lowest obligate category.

Topic: Biology, The Living World, NEET
Read the following statements regarding methanogens and select the CORRECT option.

(i) They are included in the group Archaebacteria.

(ii) They are responsible for the production of biogas in gobar gas plants.

(iii) They live in hot sulphur springs.

(iv) They are strictly anaerobic

Options:
A Statements (i) and (ii) are correct
B Statements (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
C Statements (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
D All statements are correct

The correct answer is:
Statements (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct

Solution:
Methanogens are included in the group Archaebacteria that can grow under extreme conditions like high or low temperature, high pH value. They are coccoid (spherical shape) or bacilli (rod shape). They are anaerobic organisms and they cannot function under aerobic conditions. Methanogens are used to produce methane. Biogas is a mixture of methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and hydrogen disulfide in which methane is present in a higher amount. It is produced when the organic matter breaks down in the absence of oxygen.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Read the following statements regarding sexual reproduction and select the set of correct statements.

a. Sexual reproduction mostly involves 2 parents.
b. It generally involves gametic fusion.
c. Meiosis does not occur in sexual reproduction.
d. External fertilization is a characteristic of sexual reproduction.

Options:
A a and c
B a and b
C c and d
D a, b and d

The correct answer is:
a and b

Solution:
All sexually reproducing organisms show meiosis and mostly the fertilization is internal. Higher plants perform asexual (vegetative) as well as sexual reproduction. Most of the animals perform only sexual mode of reproduction. In sexual reproduction, male and female gametes are formed by either the same individual or by different individuals of the opposite sex, which later on fuse together to form the zygote. Internal fertilization is commonly observed in sexual reproduction.

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
Read the following statements regarding the human circulatory system:

A. The systemic circulation provides nutrients, oxygen, and other essential substances to all the tissues including the lungs.

B. A unique vascular connection exists between the digestive tract and the liver is called the hepatic portal system.

Options:
A A is true and B is false
B Both A and B are true
C A is false and B is true
D Both A and B are false

The correct answer is:
A is false and B is true

Solution:
The systemic circulation provides nutrients, oxygen, and other essential substances to all the tissues except the lungs. Left → ventricle → systemic body parts/organs/tissues → vena cava → right atrium of the heart.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Read the following statements. The correct symbols filling the blanks A and B are

Osmotic Pressure of a concentrated solution

A

osmotic pressure of a dilute solution. Diffusion pressure deficit of a concentrated solution

B

diffusion pressure deficit of a dilute solution

Options:
A A: > and B: <
B A: < and B: >
C A: < and B: <
D A: > and B: >

The correct answer is:
A: > and B: >

Solution:
Osmotic pressure depends upon the number of solute molecules. A concentrated solution has more solute molecules and hence it has a higher OP. The difference between diffusion pressure of pure water and the solution is called diffusion pressure deficit. The diffusion pressure deficit is higher in the concentrated solution.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Read the following statements. Which of the following statements about RNA molecule is incorrect?

I. It has a double helical structure.

II. It contains ribose which is a cyclic aldopentose monosaccharide.

III. It is the genetic material in all animal viruses.

IV. It contains the ribothymidylic acid.

Options:
A I, III and IV only
B III and IV only
C I and II only
D I, II, III and IV

The correct answer is:
I, III and IV only

Solution:
Ribonucleic Acid is a single stranded molecule which may show folding onto itself than forming a paired double strand like DNA. It does not form a helical structure. The nucleotide of RNA has a sugar molecule – 5C- pentose ribose with aldehyde as the functional group (aldose monosaccharide), a phosphate attached to the sugar and lastly, a nitrogenous base which is either adenine, guanine, uracil or cytosine. Uracil is replaced by thymine in DNA. Some animal viruses have DNA as the genetic material e.g. Hepatitis B virus while some animals have RNA as the genetic material e.g. HIV. Statement I, III and IV are incorrect regarding RNA and only statement II is correct.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Read the following statements. Which one of the following is incorrect?

Options:
A GAATTC is the recognition site of EcoRI.
B Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used for cloning genes in plants.
C In the restriction enzyme EcoRI, "co" stands for coenzyme.
D For transformation, micro-particles coated with DNA to be bombarded with gene gun are made up of gold or tungsten.

The correct answer is:
In the restriction enzyme EcoRI, "co" stands for coenzyme.

Solution:
Restriction enzymes are named after the organism from which it has been isolated. First letter of genus and first two letters of species plus the order of endonuclease in which it was discovered from the bacterial strain.

Eco - Escherichia coli, R - Strain RY13, I - First endonuclease isolated from this strain.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Read the following statements with respect to dicot stem and select the right choice.

i. The epidermis is covered with a thick layer of cuticle.
ii. The cells of endodermis are rich in starch grains.
iii. The pericycle is present on the inner side of endodermis and above the phloem in the form of semilunar patches of sclerenchyma.
iv. The vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.

Options:
A iii and iv are incorrect
B i, ii and iv are incorrect
C i, ii and iii are correct
D ii, iii and iv are correct

The correct answer is:
ii, iii and iv are correct

Solution:
In the dicot stem ,the epidermis is covered with a thin layer of cuticle, with few trichomes Except for option 1,all other options are the characteristics of dicot stem.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the following statements. With respect to the ecological pyramid, mark the correct statements.

a. In most of the ecosystems, pyramids of number, energy and biomass are upright.
b. Producers are generally more in number or biomass than herbivores in an upright pyramid.
c. Herbivores are less in number and biomass than carnivores in an inverted pyramid.
d. Energy content is higher at a lower trophic level than that at a higher trophic level.

Options:
A b and d are correct
B a, b, and c are correct
C a, b and d are correct
D All are correct

The correct answer is:
All are correct

Solution:
All the statements explain the characteristics of pyramids. In most ecosystems, all the pyramids of number, energy or biomass are upright, i.e., producers are more in number and biomass than the herbivores, and herbivores are more in number and biomass than the carnivores. Also, energy at a lower trophic level is always more than that at a higher level.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Read the given statements about auxins and state whether they are true or false:

a. Auxin promotes apical dominance.
b. Auxins have a negative impact on cytokinin levels.
c. F.W. Went isolated auxins from the coleoptiles of the oat plant.
d. Auxin promotes flowering in the pineapple plants.

Options:
A a- false, b-false, c-true, d-false
B a- true, b-false, c-true, d-true
C a- true, b-false, c-true, d-false
D a- false, b-true, c-true, d-true

The correct answer is:
a- true, b-false, c-true, d-true

Solution:
F.W. Went isolated the auxins from the Avena coleoptiles. Auxins promote apical dominance by inhibiting the growth of lateral buds. Auxins promote flowering in plants like pineapple as it is a growth-promoting hormone-like cytokinin. Auxins do not affect the cytokinin level negatively as they are not antagonistic in function.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET