datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Transcription refers to:

Options:
A Transfer of genetic information of DNA in the form of genetic codon of mRNA
B Transfer of genetic information of RNA in the form of genetic codon of DNA
C Transfer of genetic information of RNA in the form of genetic codon of mRNA
D Transfer of genetic information of DNA in the form of genetic codon of rRNA

The correct answer is:
Transfer of genetic information of DNA in the form of genetic codon of mRNA

Solution:
Transcription is one of the process of protein synthesis where mRNA is synthesized from DNA. In this process, adenine pairs with uracil as RNA has uracil instead of thymine.
DNA contains the genetic information of an individual organism which is transferred to the newly synthesized mRNA as it contains the cistron. Gene that codes for a particular protein or enzyme is also called as cistron. It forms the largest element in gene that encodes for a polypeptide gene. mRNA can be monocistronic or polycistronic.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Trans-esterification is the process of

Options:
A Conversion of an aliphatic acid to ester
B Conversion of an aromatic acid to ester
C Conversion of one ester to another ester
D Conversion of an ester into its components namely acid and alcohol

The correct answer is:
Conversion of one ester to another ester

Solution:
Trans-esterification is the process of conversion of one ester to another ester. That is substituting of the smaller -R group by a large -R group.

Topic: Chemistry, Carboxylic Acid Derivatives, NEET
Transfer characteristic [output voltage $\left(V_0\right)$ $v s$ input voltage $\left.\left(V_i\right)\right]$ for a base biased transistor in CE configuration is as shown in the figure. For using transistor as a switch, it is used

Options:
A in region III
B both in region (I) and (III)
C in region II
D in region I

The correct answer is:
both in region (I) and (III)

Solution:
In the given graph,
Region (l) Cutoff region
Region (II) - Active region
Region (III)-Saturation region
Using transistor as a switch it is used in cutoff region or saturation region.
Using transistor as a amplifier it is used in active region.

Topic: Physics, Semiconductors, NEET, NEET 2012 (Screening)
Transfer of an ovum (gamete) from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce gametes, is termed as

Options:
A Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
B Gamete intra fallopian transfer
C Artificial insemination
D In vitro fertilization (IVF) followed by Embryo transfer (ET)

The correct answer is:
Gamete intra fallopian transfer

Solution:
GIFT (Gamete intra fallopian transfer): Transfer of an ovum (gamete) from a donor into the fallopiantube of another female who cannot produce gametes, but possess suitable environment for fertilizationand further embryonic development.
ICSI (Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection): Direct injection of sperm into the ovum in laboratoryconditions → Zygote.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of another flower of same plant is known as:

Options:
A Autogamy
B Cleistogamy
C Geitonogamy
D Xenogamy

The correct answer is:
Geitonogamy

Solution:
Geitonogamy is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of another flower of the same plant.
Cleistogamy is a condition in which flower does not open.
Xenogamy is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of another flower of different plant of the same species.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2023 (Manipur)
Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of another flower of the same plant is called

Options:
A xenogamy
B geitonogamy
C karyogamy
D autogamy

The correct answer is:
geitonogamy

Solution:
Geitonogamy (Greek geiton $=$ neighbour and gameiu = to marry) involves the transfer of pollen grains from a male flower to the stigma of another female flower originating on the same plant. Thus, geitonogamy operates only in monoecious plants, ie, plants having male and female flowers on different places but on the same plant, eg, maize (Zea mays). In animal pollinated system, this is accomplished by a pollinator visiting multiple flowers on the same plant. It is also possible within species that are wind pollinated.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2010 (Screening)
Transformation experiment was first performed on which bacteria?

Options:
A E. coli
B Diplococcus pneumoniae
C Salmonella
D Pasteurella pestis

The correct answer is:
Diplococcus pneumoniae

Solution:
Transformation was discovered in Streptococcus pneumoniael Diplococcus pneumoniae in 1928 by Frederick Griffith.
Related Theory
Pneumococcal pneumonia is caused by bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET, NEET 2002
Transfusion tissue is found in

Options:
A Cycas stem
B Cycas leaflet
C Cycas petiole
D Cycas root

The correct answer is:
Cycas leaflet

Solution:
Transfusion tissues are the characteristics of the leaf/leaflet of gymnosperms. Lateral veins are absent in leaflet and therefore, for the lateral translocation of water and nutrients, transfusion tissue is found.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Transgenic crops are modified through genetic engineering to develop natural resistance to insect pests. Which of these pairs consists of transgenic crops?

Options:
A Bt Tobacco and Bt Cotton
B Tomato and Bt rice
C Maize and sugarcane
D Bt Tomato and wheat

The correct answer is:
Bt Tobacco and Bt Cotton

Solution:
Insect-resistant transgenic plants contain either a gene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis or some other gene. In Bt cotton and Bt tobacco, the insect-resistant gene is transferred from Bacillus thuringiensis.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Transgenic plants are the one that is

Options:
A Generated by introducing foreign DNA into a cell and regenerating a plant from that cell.
B Produced after protoplast fusion in artificial medium.
C Grown in artificial medium after hybridization in the field
D Produced by a somatic embryo in artificial medium.

The correct answer is:
Generated by introducing foreign DNA into a cell and regenerating a plant from that cell.

Solution:
Transgenic plants contain a gene or genes which have been artificially inserted of the plants acquiring them through pollination. Inserted gene sequences (transgene) may come from other unrelated plants, or from a completely different species.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Transgenic plants are the ones:

Options:
A Grown in artificial medium after hybridization in the field
B Produced after protoplast fusion in artificial medium
C Produced by somatic embryo in artificial medium
D Generated by introducing foreign DNA into cell and regenerating a plant from that cell.

The correct answer is:
Generated by introducing foreign DNA into cell and regenerating a plant from that cell.

Solution:
Genetic engineering is the technique of changing the phenotype of an organism by altering the chemical properties of the genetic material. Plants, fungi, bacteria, animals, etc which have been altered genetically are called Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). In the process of producing transgenic plants the recombinant DNA isolated from the organisms and then genetically modified and introduced into the host cell. The plants are then regenerated from these modified host cells.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Transgenic plants are

Options:
A produced by a somatic embryo in artificial medium
B generated by introducing foreign DNA in to a cell and regenerating a plant from that cell
C produced after protoplast fusion in artificial medium
D grown in artificial medium after hybridization in the field

The correct answer is:
generated by introducing foreign DNA in to a cell and regenerating a plant from that cell

Solution:
The plants obtained through genetic engineering contain a gene or genes usually from an unrelated organism, such genes are called transgenes and the plants containing transgenes are known as transgenic plants. These plants are often called as genetically modified or GM crops, eg, Flavr saur tomatoes, golden rice. Plants are made transgenic for identification, expressing the gene activity in time, to produce several chemicals like fatty acids, sugars, cellulose, rubber, etc.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Transgenic rice, i.e. golden rice has been developed for increased content of:

Options:
A Vitamin A
B Vitamin B1
C Vitamin C
D Vitamin D

The correct answer is:
Vitamin A

Solution:
Organisms whose genes have been manipulated by genetic engineering processes are called as genetically modified organisms or transgenic organisms. Golden rice is an example of transgenic organism whose genome has been modified to synthesise the precursor of Vit. A in its edible parts. The golden rice was developed by transforming the rice plant genome with beta-carotene biosynthesis genes. The rice grain formed by such process gave a yellowish colour to the grains and hence, the name golden rice. It was intended to be grown and consumed in regions facing shortage of Vit. A in diet.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Transgenic tobacco plants are protected against:

Options:
A Dipterans
B Coleopterans
C Meloidegyne incognita
D Lepidopterans

The correct answer is:
Meloidegyne incognita

Solution:
A nematode Meloidogyne incognita infects tobacco plants and reduces their yield. The specific genes from the parasite are introduced into the plant using Agrobacterium as the vector. The genes are introduced in such a way that both coding RNA and Complimentary RNA are produced. Since these two RNAs are complementary, they from a double stranded RNA (ds RNA). This neutralizes the specific RNA of the nematode, by a process called RNA – interference. As result the parasite cannot line in the transgenic host and the transgenic plant protected from the pest.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Transition elements show high melting points. Why?

Options:
A They have strong metallic bonding due to the presence of partially filled d-orbitals.
B They have high electronegativity values.
C They have a high number of valence electrons.
D They have a high atomic radius.

The correct answer is:
They have strong metallic bonding due to the presence of partially filled d-orbitals.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
They have strong metallic bonding due to the presence of partially filled d-orbitals.

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET
Transition metals can act as catalysts because these can change their oxidation state. How does Fe(III) catalyze the reaction between iodide and persulfate ions?

Options:
A Fe(III) acts as a reducing agent.
B Fe(III) acts as an oxidizing agent.
C Fe(III) provides a surface for the reaction to occur.
D Fe(III) changes its oxidation state during the reaction.

The correct answer is:
Fe(III) changes its oxidation state during the reaction.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (D)
Fe(III) changes its oxidation state during the reaction.

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET
Transition state structure of the substrate formed during an enzymatic reaction is

Options:
A transient but stable
B permanent but unstable
C transient and unstable
D permanent and stable

The correct answer is:
transient and unstable

Solution:
The substrate binds to the enzyme at its active site forming an enzyme substrate complex. This complex formation is a transient and unstable phenomenon. Very soon, the product is released from the active site. It is the fact that all other intermediate structural states are unstable. Stability is related to energy status of the molecule or the structure.

Topic: Biology, Biomolecules (B), NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)
Transition zone between two biomes is called

Options:
A Ecocline
B Ecotone
C Buffer zone
D Thermocline

The correct answer is:
Ecotone

Solution:
An ecotone is a transition area between two biological communities. It is where two communities meet and integrate. It may be narrow or wide, and it may be local (the zone between a field and forest) or regional (the transition between forest and grassland ecosystems).

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Transitional epithelium is found in

Options:
A Lungs
B Liver
C Urinary bladder
D Stomach

The correct answer is:
Urinary bladder

Solution:
Transitional epithelium is thin flexible and impermeable to water. It forms the inner layer of the urinary bladder.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Transitions between three energy levels in a particular atom give rise to three spectral lines of wavelengths, in increasing magnitudes Î»1, Î»2 and Î»3. Which one of the following equations correctly relates Î»1, Î»2 and Î»3?

Options:
A λ1=λ2-λ3
B λ1=λ3-λ2
C 1Î»1=1Î»2+1Î»3
D 1λ2=1λ3+1λ1

The correct answer is:
1λ1=1λ2+1λ3

Solution:
Let the three energy levels be E1,E2, and E3. The wavelength λ1,λ2 and λ3 of the spectra lines corresponding to the three energy transitions are depicted as shown in figure.

E=hf=hcλ or E∝1λ
(given λ1<λ2<λ3)
Thus, for the three wavelengths, we have
E3-E2=hcλ3…i
E2-E1=hcλ1…ii
E3-E1=hcλ1…iv
Now, E3-E1=E3-E2+E2-E1

⇒hcλ1=hcλ3+hcλ2⇒1λ1=1λ2+1λ3

Topic: Physics, Atomic Physics, NEET
Translocation of food in plants was demonstrated by

Options:
A Girdling experiment
B Mass flow hypothesis
C Root pressure hypothesis
D Cohesion-tension theory

The correct answer is:
Girdling experiment

Solution:
A simple experiment, called girdling, was used to identify the tissues through which food is transported. On the trunk of a tree, a ring of bark up to a depth of the phloem layer can be carefully removed. In the absence of a downward movement of food, the portion of the bark above the ring on the stem becomes swollen after a few weeks. This simple experiment shows that phloem is the tissue responsible for translocation of food; and that transport takes place in one direction, i.e., towards the roots.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Transmission tissue is characteristic feature of:

Options:
A Hollow style
B Solid style
C Dry stigma
D Wet stigma

The correct answer is:
Solid style

Solution:
Transmission tissue is characteristic feature of solid style. They are located in centre of style and cytoplasm of these cells are rich in organelles. It is essential for pollen tube growth, because of the nutrients and guidance. It also regulates GSI (Gametophytic self - Incompatibility) in style.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 1)
Transpiration and root pressure cause water to rise in plants by:

Options:
A Pulling it upward
B Pulling and pushing it, respectively
C Pushing it upward
D Pushing and pulling it, respectively

The correct answer is:
Pulling and pushing it, respectively

Solution:
In transpiration water rises in plant due to strong cohesive force of transpiration pull in which water is pulled (absorbed) from soil to roots, roots to stem, stem to xylem of leaf and lastly xylem to vein of leaf which is then evaporated. Whereas, root pressure causes passive absorption of water resulting in rise of water in plants i.e. it creates tension in xylem elements which is transmitted downwards up to the root hair, as a result roots are subjected to tension and suction is set up in xylem; hence water is pulled inside the roots.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 1)
Transpiration has more than one purpose. Which of the following is not the purpose of transpiration?

Options:
A Creates transpiration pull for absorption and transport in plants.
B Cools leaf surfaces by evaporative cooling.
C Transports minerals from the soil to all parts of the plant.
D Gives high tensile strength to water column present in xylem.

The correct answer is:
Gives high tensile strength to water column present in xylem.

Solution:
Transpiration creates a transpiration pull which causes ascent of sap. The cohesive and adhesive properties of water molecules forms the unbroken continuous water column in the xylem. The water molecules are held together by strong cohesion force due to hydrogen bonds and the force of adhesion which holds water to the walls of xylem vessels. The surface tension accounts for high capillarity through tracheids and vessels.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Transpiration may cools the leaf surface by-

Options:
A 0-5 degrees
B 5-10 degrees
C 10-15 degrees
D 15-20 degrees

The correct answer is:
10-15 degrees

Solution:
Transpiration cools leaf surfaces, sometimes 10 to 15 degrees, by evaporative

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Transpiration pull is well-developed in vessels. This is because water possess

Options:
A High tensile strength and low capillarity
B High tensile strength and high capillarity
C Low tensile strength and high capillarity
D Low tensile strength and low capillarity.

The correct answer is:
High tensile strength and high capillarity

Solution:
Transpiration pull
- Transpiration pull plays a major role in the transport of water in most of the plants.
- Transpiration-driven ascent of xylem sap depends upon following physical properties of water:
1. Cohesion: It is the force of attraction between the water molecules.
2. Adhesion: It is the force of attraction between the water molecules and the polar surface of xylem vessels.
3. Surface tension: In comparison to the gas phase, water molecules are more attracted in the liquid phase. Because of the above properties, water possesses high tensile strength (ability to resist a pulling force) and high capillarity (ability to rise in thin tubes).

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Transplantation of tissues/organs fails often due to non-acceptance by the patient's body. Which type of immune-response is responsible for such rejections?

Options:
A Autoimmune response
B Cell-mediated immune response
C Hormonal immune response
D Physiological immune response

The correct answer is:
Cell-mediated immune response

Solution:
Non-acceptance or rejection of graft or transplanted tissues/organs is due to cell-mediated immune response. Cell-mediated immunity is defined as a beneficial host response characterized by an expanded population of specific T-cells, which, in the presence of antigens, produce cytokines locally.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET, NEET 2017
Transplantation of tissues/organs to save certain patients often fails due to the rejection of such tissues/organs by the patient. Which type of immune response is responsible for such rejections?

Options:
A auto-immune response
B humoral immune response
C physiological immune response
D cell-mediated immune response

The correct answer is:
cell-mediated immune response

Solution:
The body is able to differentiate ‘self ’ and ‘nonself’ and the cell-mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Transposons can be used during which one of the following?

Options:
A Gene silencing
B Autoradiography
C Gene sequencing
D Polymerase Chain Reaction

The correct answer is:
Gene silencing

Solution:
Transposons are a group of mobile genetic elements that are defined as a DNA sequence. Transposons can jump into different places of the genome; for this reason, they are called jumping genes. However, some transposons are always kept at the insertion site in the genome.

Transposons are a class of genetic elements that are also called the jumping genes which can be used during gene silencing.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 1)
Treatment of cyclopentanone with methyl lithium gives which of the following species?

Options:
A Cyclopentanonyl anion
B Cyclopentanonyl cation
C Cyclopentanonyl radical
D Cyclopentanonyl biradical

The correct answer is:
Cyclopentanonyl anion

Solution:

Topic: Chemistry, Aldehydes and Ketones, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 1)
Treatment of cyclopentanone with methyl lithium gives which of the following species?

Options:
A Cyclopentanonyl biradical
B Cyclopentanonyl radical
C Cyclopentanonyl cation
D Cyclopentanonyl anion

The correct answer is:
Cyclopentanonyl anion

Solution:
Treatment of cyclopentanone with methyl lithium gives Cyclopentanonyl anion.

Topic: Chemistry, Aldehydes and Ketones, NEET
Treatment of propionaldehyde with dil. NaOH solution gives

Options:
A CH3CH2COOCH2CH2CH3
B CH3CH2CHOHCH(CH3)CHO
C CH3CH2CHOCH2CH2CHO
D CH3CH2COCH2CH2CHO

The correct answer is:
CH3CH2CHOHCH(CH3)CHO

Solution:
Treatment of propionaldehyde with dil. NaOH solution gives CH3CH2CHOHCH(CH3)CHO as follows

Topic: Chemistry, Aldehydes and Ketones, NEET
Treatment of seeds at low temperature under moist conditions to break its dormancy is called:

Options:
A Stratification
B scarification
C vernalization
D chelation

The correct answer is:
Stratification

Solution:
Stratification is the process of breaking of dormancy. It involves the treatment of seeds at low temperature $\left(5-10^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)$ under sufficiently moist conditions to break its dormancy and induce germination. Scarification involves any damage or breakage of seed coat by physical methods (e.g., Use of scalpel, wooden hammer etc.) or chemical methods (use of mild acids) to break seed dormancy. Vernalization and Chelation is the chill treatment of plant in its early stages of life history to stimulate or induce early flowering.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET, NEET 2006
Treatment of seeds at low temperature under moist conditions to break its dormancy is called

Options:
A stratification
B scarification
C vernalization
D chelation

The correct answer is:
stratification

Solution:
Stratification involves the treatment of seed at low temperature (5-10oC) under sufficiently moist conditions to break its dormancy and to induce germination. Stratification is a process by which seeds are pretreated to simulated winter conditions so that germination may occur. Low temperature given to plant to induce flowering is called vernalisation. The degradation of the seed coat is called scarification. This process permits water to pass through the sead coat so that embryo can begin metabolism.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET
Tricarpellary, syncarpous gynoecium is found in flowers of

Options:
A Liliaceae
B Solanaceae
C Fabaceae
D Poaceae

The correct answer is:
Liliaceae

Solution:
Liliaceae family is a monocot characterised by tricarpellary, syncarpous gynoecium with superior, trilocular ovary with two ovules in each loculus and placentation axile.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 1)
Tricarpellary, syncarpous gynoecium is found in flowers of

Options:
A Liliaceae
B Solanaceae
C Fabaceae
D Poaceae

The correct answer is:
Liliaceae

Solution:
Liliaceae family is a monocot characterized by tricarpellary, syncarpous gynoecium with superior, trilocular ovary with two ovules in each loculus and placentation axile.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Trichloroacetaldehyde, $\mathrm{CCl}_3 \mathrm{CHO}$ reacts with chlorobenzene in presence of sulphuric acid and produces

Options:
A

B

C

D

The correct answer is:

Solution:

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Trichoderma harzianum has proved a useful micro-organism for

Options:
A bioremediation of contaminated soils
B reclamation of wastelands
C gene transfer in higher plants
D biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens

The correct answer is:
biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens

Solution:
Some common fungal inhabitants of soil help to combat diseases caused by soil borne fungi. Trichoderna tignorum and Glocladium fimbriatum are found in damp soils. They have an inhibitory effect on the growth of the mycelium of pythium. They serve to supress fungi causing damping off disease of the seedlings and thereby influence favourably the growth of crops.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET, NEET 2008 (Screening)