datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
The cells of the mammary gland that secrete and store milk are called

Options:
A alveoli
B ampulla
C areola
D adipose

The correct answer is:
alveoli

Solution:
Mammary glands are accessory glands in females. These are milk producing glands. Each gland is divided into 15-20 lobes which are further divided into many lobules. Each lobule has grapelike clusters of milk secreting glands known as alveoli. Milk from alveoli then enters the tubules and finally into ducts. These are mammary ducts that enlarge near nipples and form ampullae. These are expanded structures as milk is stored here. These unite and form lactiferous ducts that finally open at the nipples. Pigmented area around the nipples is known as Areola and it consists of sebaceous glands. Adipose tissue or fatty tissue is found between the lobes and covers the surface of the gland. The amount of fatty tissue determines the size of the breast.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
The cells or tissues which constitute the pith of a dicot stem possess cell walls composed of

Options:
A cellulose and pectin.
B cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin.
C only cellulose.
D only lignin.

The correct answer is:
only cellulose.

Solution:
A large number of rounded, parenchymatous cells with large intercellular spaces which occupy the central portion of the stem constitute the pith of a dicot stem.
Parenchyma forms the major component within organs. The cells of the parenchyma are generally isodiametric. They may be spherical, oval, round, polygonal or elongated in shape. Their walls are thin and made up of cellulose. They may either be closely packed or have small intercellular spaces. The parenchyma performs various functions like photosynthesis, storage, secretion.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
The cells that lines the ducts of mammary glands are

Options:
A Stratified columnar epithelium
B Stratified cuboidal epithelium
C Transitional epithelium
D Squamous epithelium

The correct answer is:
Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Solution:
Stratified cuboidal epithelium forms the lining of the ducts of the larger gland-like salivary, sebaceous, sweat, mammary, and pancreas. It gives protection against mechanical and chemical damage.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
The central dogma of molecular genetics states that the genetic information flows from:

Options:
A Amino acids → Proteins → DNA
B DNA → Carbohydrates → Proteins
C DNA → RNA → Proteins
D DNA → RNA → Carbohydrates

The correct answer is:
DNA → RNA → Proteins

Solution:
The central dogma of molecular biology proposes a unidirectional or one-way flow of information from DNA to RNA (transcription) and from RNA to protein (translation). The concept was given by Crick.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 2)
The central fringe shifts to the position of fifth bright fringe, if a thin film of refractive index 1.5 is introduced in the path of light of wavelength 5000 â« . The thickness of the glass plate is

Options:
A 1Â Î¼m
B 5 Î¼m
C 3Â Î¼m
D 4Â Î¼m

The correct answer is:
5 Î¼m

Solution:
Î¼-1 t=nÎ»
Or t=nÎ»Î¼-1=5Ã5000 Ã 1 0 - 1 0 1.5-1=5Ã5000 Ã 1 0 - 1 0 1/2=10Ã5000 Ã 1 0 - 1 0
=5Ã10-6 m=5 Î¼m

Topic: Physics, Wave Optics, NEET
The central part of the proximal region of the centriole is proteinaceous and called the

A

, which is connected with tubules of the peripheral triplets by

B

made of protein.

Options:
A A - Axoneme; B - Linear spokes
B A - Axoneme; B - Linear hub
C A - Hub; B - Radial spokes
D A - Hub; B - Radial axoneme

The correct answer is:
A - Hub; B - Radial spokes

Solution:
The central part of the proximal region of the centriole is proteinaceous and called the hub, which is connected with tubules of the peripheral triplets by radial spokes made of protein. The centrioles form the basal body of cilia or flagella, and spindle fibres that give rise to the spindle apparatus during cell division in animal cells.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
The centre of mass of a non-uniform rod of length L whose mass per unit length Î»=Kx2L , Where k is a constant and x is the distance from one end is:

Options:
A 3L4
B L8
C KL
D 3KL

The correct answer is:
3L4

Solution:
dm=kx2Ldx
∴xcm=∫0Lxdm∫0Ldm=∫0Lkx3Ldx∫0Lkx2Ldx=L44L33=3L4

Topic: Physics, Center of Mass Momentum and Collision, NEET
The centre of mass of three particles of masses 1 kg, 2 kg and 3 kg is at (2, 2, 2). The position of the fourth mass of 4 kg to be placed in the system as that the new centre of mass is at (0, 0, 0) is

Options:
A (-3,-3,-3)
B (-3,3,-3)
C (2,3,-3)
D (2,-2,3)

The correct answer is:
(-3,-3,-3)

Solution:
m1=1 kg, m2=2 kg, m3=3 kg
Position of centre of mass (2, 2, 2,)
m4=4 kg
New position of centre of mass (0, 0, 0)
For initial position
XCM=m1x1+m2x2+m3x3m1+m2+m3
2=m1x1+m2x2+m3x31+2+3
m1x1+m2x2+m3x3=12
Similarly, m1y1+m2y2+m3y3=12
and m1z1+m2z2+m3z3=12
For new position,
XCMâ²=m1x1+m2x2+m3x3+m4x4m1+m2+m3+m4
0=12+4Ãx41+2+3+4
4x4=-12
x4=-3
Similarly, y4=-3
z4=-3
â´ Position of fourth mass (-3, -3, -3)

Topic: Physics, Center of Mass Momentum and Collision, NEET
The centriole undergoes duplication during:

Options:
A S-phase
B Prophase
C Metaphase
D G2 phase

The correct answer is:
S-phase

Solution:
Centrioles undergo duplication during the S phase of the interphase and begin to move towards the opposite pole of the cell during the prophase stage of mitosis.

S phase is the period of DNA synthesis during which the cell replicates its genetic content; a normal diploid somatic cell with a 2c complement of DNA at the beginning of the S phase acquires a 4c complement of DNA at its end.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET, NEET 2021
The change in bond angle as the s-character of hybridized orbital decreases is,

Options:
A Decreases
B Increases
C Does not change
D Becomes zero

The correct answer is:
Decreases

Solution:
As the s-character of hybridized orbitals decreases the bond angle also decreases
In sp3 hybridisation: s- character 1/4 , bond angle 109o
In sp2 hybridisation: s- character 1/3 , bond angle 120o
In sp hybridisation: s- character 1/2 , bond angle 180o

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET
The change in entropy of 2 moles of an ideal gas upon isothermal expansion at 243.6 K from 20 L to the state where pressure becomes 1 atm is
(Given: ln 2 = 0.693)

Options:
A 1.385 cal/K
B -1.2 cal/K
C 1.2 cal/K
D 2.77 cal/K

The correct answer is:
2.77 cal/K

Solution:
P 1 = nRT V 1 = 2 Ã 0.0821 Ã 243.6 2 0 = 2 atm
Î S = n R â n P 1 P 2
= 2 Ã 2 ân 2
= 2 Ã 2 Ã 0.693
âµ â n 2 or log e 2 = 0.693
= 2.77 cal/K

Topic: Chemistry, Thermodynamics (C), NEET
The change in entropy; ΔS is positive for an endothermic reaction. If enthalpy change ΔH occurs at the same temperature T, then the reaction is feasible

Options:
A at all temperatures
B when ΔH>TΔS
C when ΔH<TΔS
D not feasible at all

The correct answer is:
when ΔH<TΔS

Solution:
The reaction is feasible when ΔG is –ve
As ΔH=+ve,ΔS=+ve
So ΔG is –ve only when ΔH<TΔS (Here high temperature is favourable)

Topic: Chemistry, Thermodynamics (C), NEET
The change in entropy when the pressure of perfect gas is changed isothermally from P1 to P2 is

Options:
A ΔS=nRln(P1+P2)
B ΔS=nRln(P2/P1)
C ΔS=nRln(P1/P2)
D ΔS=nRlnP1+P2P2

The correct answer is:
ΔS=nRln(P1/P2)

Solution:
the change in entropy when the pressure is changed isothermally from P1 to P2 is given by relation
ÎS=nRln(P1/P2)

Topic: Chemistry, Thermodynamics (C), NEET
The change in internal energy when 5 mole of hydrogen is heated to 20 ∘ C from 10 ∘ C is ( specific heat of hydrogen at constant pressure is 8 cal mol°C −1 )

Options:
A 200 cal
B 350 cal
C 300 cal
D 475 cal

The correct answer is:
300 cal

Solution:
Cp=8 cal molâ-1, Cv=Cp-R=8-2=6 cal mol â-1
dU=mCvT2-T1=5Ã620-10=300 cal

Topic: Physics, Thermodynamics, NEET
The change in optical rotation with time of freshly prepared solution of glucose is known as–

Options:
A specific rotation
B inversion
C rotation
D mutarotation

The correct answer is:
mutarotation

Solution:
The change in optical rotation with time of freshly prepared solution of monosaccharides is known mutarotation

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
The change in population size at a given time interval t, is given by the expression Nt=No+B+I-D-E

I, B and D stand respectively for:

Options:
A rate of immigration, mortality rate, natality rate
B rate of immigration, natality rate, mortality rate
C rate of emigration, natality rate, mortality rate
D mortality rate, natality rate, rate of immigration

The correct answer is:
rate of immigration, natality rate, mortality rate

Solution:
Nt=No+B+I-D-E is the formula used to calculate the change in population size at a given time
interval. Nt is the change in population at time 't'. N0 is the initial population size.
Natality rate, also called birth rate for a population. It is a measure of number of births occurring in a population in a particular time period. It is denoted by letter B
Mortality rate is the measure of number deaths in a particular population for a particular time period. It is denoted by letter D.
I represent the rate of immigration, which is the number of people entering an area of population at a particular time interval.
Letter E denotes the rate of emigration, which is the number of people leaving/exiting an area of population at a particular time internval.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
The change in potential energy when a body of mass m is raised to a height nR from the surface of the earth (R= radius of the earth)

Options:
A mgR(n-1)n
B nmgR
C mgRn2n2+1
D mgRnn+1

The correct answer is:
mgR(n-1)n

Solution:
The change in potential energy in gravitational field is given by âE=GMm1r1-1r2
In this problem; r1=R and r2=nR
âE=GMm1R-1nR
=GMmRn-1n
=mgRn-1n âµg=GmR2

Topic: Physics, Gravitation, NEET
The change of frequency of alleles in a population by chance is called:

Options:
A Evolution
B Genetic drift
C Gene migration
D Genetic equilibrium

The correct answer is:
Genetic drift

Solution:
The Genetic drift or Sewall Wright effect is loss of certain alleles from a population merely by chance. Founder effect and bottleneck effect are the two types of genetic drift.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
The change of frequency of alleles in a population would result in

Options:
A Evolution
B Inbreeding
C Gene migration
D Genetic equilibrium

The correct answer is:
Evolution

Solution:
According to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, any change in the frequency of allele from one generation to another generation is known as evolution. In other words, deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium is evolution.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
The change of the light-coloured variety of peppered moth (Biston betularia) to its darker variety (Biston carbonaria) is due to

Options:
A mutation.
B regeneration.
C genetic isolation.
D temporal isolation.

The correct answer is:
mutation.

Solution:
The change in the colour of peppered moth is due to the mutation of single mendelian gene for the survival in the smoke-laden industrial environment. It is called industrial melanism.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
The changes in potential energy when a body of mass m is raised to a height nR from earth's surface is (R= radius of the earth)

Options:
A mgR
B mgRn(n+1)
C mgRn2(n2+1)
D mgRn

The correct answer is:
mgRn(n+1)

Solution:
Change in potential energy
∆U=U2-U1
∴ ∆U=-GMmR+nR+GMmR
or ∆U=-GMmR1+n+GMmR
or ∆U=GMmR-11+n+1
or ∆U=R2gmR×n(1+n) ∴g=GMR2
or ∆U=mgRnn+1

Topic: Physics, Gravitation, NEET
The characteristics and an example of a synovial joint in humans is

Options:
A (a)
B (b)
C (c)
D (d)

The correct answer is:
(c)

Solution:
Joint between atlas and axis is pivot joint, which is an example of synovial joint characterised by the presence of a fluid-filled synovial cavity between the articulating surface of the two bones. Knee joint (hinge joint) is a synovial joint characterised by the presence of fluid filled synovial cavity between the articulating surfaces of the two bones. Fluid cartilage between two bones having limited movements is slightly movable joint. In freely movable joints fluid filled between two joints provides cushion in gliding joint, the articulating bones can slide upon one another.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)
The characteristics feature that can be exclusively seen in angiosperms is

Options:
A Seeds
B Fruits
C Endosperm
D Syngamy

The correct answer is:
Fruits

Solution:
Fruit formation is the characteristic feature of angiosperms. There is no fruit formation in gymnosperms because there is no ovary.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
The characteristics of a molecular probe are

I. Very long molecule
II. Double-stranded
III. DNA or RNA
IV. Complementary to a part of the desired gene

The correct option is:

Options:
A I and II
B II and III
C III and IV
D IV and I

The correct answer is:
III and IV

Solution:
A probe is radioactively labelled (P32) nucleic acid (20–40 nucleotide long) with a short sequence complementary to at least one part of the desired DNA/gene.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
The characteristic/s of a renewable exhaustible natural resource is

Options:
A Renewable resources are living, able to reproduce or replace themselves and to get increased in number.
B Can be recycled but should not be used beyond a limit.
C Every resource is exhaustible, except solar power, wind power, tidal and wave power, and thermal power.
D All of these

The correct answer is:
All of these

Solution:
Exhaustible resources are the natural resources that are likely to be exhausted due to their continuous use. Forest is renewable exhaustible resource that can be again and again produced. Coal, petroleum and minerals are non-renewable exhaustible natural resources that cannot be produced again.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
The characteristics of class Reptilia are

Options:
A body covered with moist skin which is devoid of scales, the ear is represented by a tympanum, alimentary canal, urinary and reproductive tracts open into a common cloaca.
B fresh water animals with bony endoskeleton air-bladder to regulate buoyancy.
C marine animals with cartilaginous endoskeleton, body covered with placoid scales
D body covered with dry and cornified skin, scales over the body are epidermal, they do not have external cars.

The correct answer is:
body covered with dry and cornified skin, scales over the body are epidermal, they do not have external cars.

Solution:
Characteristics of class Reptilia:
1. Creeping and burrowing terrestrial animals with scales on their body, skin is dry, and rough, without any glands.
2. Cold-blooded animals; exhibit a meroblastic segmentation.
3. Few of these shed the scales on their skin as skin cast.
4. Respiration by lungs.
5. Two pairs of pentadactyl limbs, each bearing claws. Snakes are an exception.
6. Heart is 3 chambered. However, crocodiles have a 4-chambered heart.
7. Nervous system comprises of 12 pairs of cranial nerves, lateral line system is absent.
8. Except for snakes, all the reptiles have well-developed ears.
9. possess a typical cloaca.
10. Reptiles are ureotelic, uricotelic, and ammoniotelic.
11. Fertilization is internal; oviparous and the eggs are very yolky

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2013 (Karnataka)
The charge flowing through a resistance R varies with time t as Q=at-bt2 where a and b are positive constants. The total heat produced in R is:

Options:
A a3R6b
B a3R3b
C a3R2b
D a3Rb

The correct answer is:
a3R6b

Solution:
given

Q=at-bt2
i=dqdt=a-2bt
i=0
at t= a 2b
∴dH=i2Rdt
=a-2bt2R dt
H=∫0a2ba-2bt2 R dt
=a-2bt3R3-2b0a2b
=1-6ba-2ba2b3-a3R
=-16b03-a3R
H= a 3 R 6b

Topic: Physics, Current Electricity, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 1)
The chelating ligand used to remove excess of copper and iron in chelate therapy is

Options:
A D-penicillamine
B oxalate ion
C EDTA
D ethylenediamine

The correct answer is:
D-penicillamine

Solution:
Excess of copper and iron are removed by the chelating ligands D-pencilliamine and desferrioxime B via the formation of coordination compounds. D-Penicillamine is used to chelate and remove copper and is a useful treatment for patients with Wilson's disease. Deferoxamine and deferasirox are chelating agents that help remove excess iron from the body. Calcium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (CaNaEDTA) is given as an injection to treat severe lead poisoning.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET
The chemical and physical properties of amino acids are of essentially because of:

Options:
A Amino group
B Carboxyl group
C Functional -R group
D All of these

The correct answer is:
All of these

Solution:
Amino acids have an Amino group NH2 , Carboxyl group COOH and Variable R group. The two functional groups are ionizable i.e. can form ions. Thus two ions can be formed and this is known as Zwitterion formation. This property is useful in many reactions and hence amino acids can undergo many chemical reactions. The variable R group is responsible for types of Amino acids and thus there are different types of Amino acids.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
The chemical formula of feldspar is

Options:
A KAlSi3O8
B Na3AlF6
C NaAlO2
D K2SO4.Al2SO43.4AlOH3

The correct answer is:
KAlSi3O8

Solution:
The chemical formula of feldspar is KAlSi3O8.

Topic: Chemistry, s Block Elements, NEET
The chemical formula of oxyhaemoglobin is

Options:
A Hb(O2)4
B Hb(O3)4
C Hb(O2)6
D Hb2O4

The correct answer is:
Hb(O2)4

Solution:
Oxyhaemoglobin is formed when haemoglobin combines with oxygen. Oxyhaemoglobin is basically present in the oxygenated blood and is formed during physiological respiration when oxygen binds to the haem component of the protein haemoglobin in RBCs.
Haemoglobin has four haem molecules held by intermolecular bonds and the oxygen molecules bind to the iron(II) ions of the haem to form oxyhaemoglobin.
Hb + 4O2 --> Hb(O2)4
One hemoglobin carries four oxygen molecules.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
The chemical formula of Prussian blue is formed by the reaction of ferric ion and ferrocyanide is

Options:
A K4[Fe(CN)6]
B Na4[Fe(CN)6]
C Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3
D None of these

The correct answer is:
Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3

Solution:
The chemical formula of Prussian blue is Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 .
Fe3+ reacts with sodium ferrocyanide to give ferriferrocyanide (Prussian blue) as follows
4 Fe 3+ +3 Na 4 [Fe CN ) 6 → Fe 4 [Fe (CN) 6 ] 3 Prussian blue +12 Na +

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET
The chemical method of contraception includes

Options:
A Jellies only
B Creams and foams only
C Oral contraceptives only
D All of the above

The correct answer is:
All of the above

Solution:
Chemical methods of contraception are spermicidal agents various foams, creams, jellies, suppositories, and douches that contain spermicidal agents make the vagina and cervix unfavorable for sperm survival and are available without a prescription. The oral contraceptives or the birth control pill works by stopping sperm from joining with an egg (fertilization).

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
The chemical name of aspirin is

Options:
A Phenyl salicylate
B Acetyl salicyclic acid
C Acetyl benzoic acid
D Methyl salicylate

The correct answer is:
Acetyl salicyclic acid

Solution:
The chemical name of aspirin is acetyl salicyclic acid. It is a medication used to treat pain fever or inflammation.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET
The chemical processes involved in the production of steel from haematite ore involves:

Options:
A Reduction
B Oxidation
C Reduction followed by oxidation
D Oxidation followed by reduction

The correct answer is:
Oxidation followed by reduction

Solution:
Chemical processes involved in the production of steel from haematite ore involves oxidation followed by reduction.

Topic: Chemistry, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals, NEET
The chemical released by Penicillium notatum inhibited the growth of which microbe?

Options:
A Clostridium
B Streptomyces
C Staphylococci
D Saccharomyces

The correct answer is:
Staphylococci

Solution:
Alexander Fleming while working on Staphylococci bacteria, once observed a mold growing in one of his unwashed culture plates around which Staphylococci could not grow. He found out that it was due to a chemical produced by the mold and he named it Penicillin after the mold Penicillium notatum.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
The chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation proposes that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed because:

Options:
A High energy bonds are formed in mitochondrial proteins
B ADP is pumped out of the matrix into the intermembrane space
C A proton gradient forms across the inner membrane
D There is a change in the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane toward adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

The correct answer is:
A proton gradient forms across the inner membrane

Solution:
Chemiosmotic theory postulated by the British biochemist Peter Mitchell (1920- 22) to explain the formation of ATP in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. As electrons are transferred along the electron carrier system in the inner mitochondrial membrane, hydrogen ions (protons) are actively transported into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, which thus contains a higher concentration of protons than the matrix. This creates an electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane, through which protons move back into the matrix .

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
The chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation proposes that Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is formed because

Options:
A high energy bonds are formed in mitochondrial proteins
B ADP is pumped out of the matrix into the intermembrane space
C a proton gradient forms across the inner membrane
D there is a change in the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane toward Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

The correct answer is:
a proton gradient forms across the inner membrane

Solution:
The production of ATP with the help of energy liberated during oxidation of reduced coenzymes and terminal oxidation is called oxidative phosphorylation. Peter Mitchell (1961) put forward a hypothesis known as chemiosmotic hypothesis for ATP synthesis. According to this when electrons flow from dual proton, electron carrier to a non-hydrogen carrier the $\mathrm{H}^{+}$are released and expelled into the intermembrane space and thus, creates a proton gradient with higher concentration of $\mathrm{H}^{+}$in the inter membranous space than the matrix. Due to proton motive force the protons flow back and energy liberated during this back flow of protons activate ATPase present in $F_1$ head to synthesize ATP.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET, NEET 2008 (Screening)
The chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation proposes that Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is formed because

Options:
A High energy bonds are formed in mitochondrial proteins
B ADP is pumped out of the matrix into the intermembrane space
C A proton gradient forms across the inner membrane
D There is a change in t of the permeability inner mitochondrial membrane toward Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

The correct answer is:
A proton gradient forms across the inner membrane

Solution:
The production of ATP with the help of energy liberated during oxidation of reduced coenzymes and terminal oxidation is called oxidative phosphorylation. Peter Mitchell (1961) put forward a hypothesis known as chemiosmotic hypothesis for ATP synthesis. According to this when electrons flow from duel proton, electron carrier to a non-hydrogen carrier the H+ are released and expelled into the intermembrane space and thus creates a proton gradient with higher concentration of H+ in the inter membranous space than the matrix. Due to proton motive force the protons flow back and energy liberated during this back flow of protons activate ATPase [present in F1 head to synthesize ATP].

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET