datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Select the set of freshwater fishes from the following.

Options:
A Mrigal and Malhi
B Rohu and Eel
C Rat fish and flying fish
D Ghost fish and Saw fish

The correct answer is:
Mrigal and Malhi

Solution:
Examples of freshwater members:
Labeo (Rohu), Clarius (Magur), Catla (Katla), Cirrhina (Mrigal), Wallagonia ( Malhi)
Aquarium fishes - Betta (Fighting fish), Pterophyllum (Angelfish).

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Select the set of incorrect statements.

I. The circulatory system in Platyhelminthes has a single opening.
II. Annelids are the first animals to have true coelom and metamerism (true segmentation).
III. The space between the hump and the mantle is called the mantle cavity in which gills are present.
IV. Most of the echinoderms are bisexual.

Options:
A I, II
B III, IV
C II, III
D I, IV

The correct answer is:
I, IV

Solution:
I. The digestive system in Platyhelminthes has a single opening. It is a blind sac body plan, i.e. mouth and anus are represented by the same opening.
IV. Most of the echinoderms are unisexual.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Select the set of mesodermal structures from the following.

Options:
A Enamel, Pancreas
B Testis, Kidneys
C Liver, Hypothalamus
D Pituitary, Dentine

The correct answer is:
Testis, Kidneys

Solution:
Dentine, testis and kidney are mesodermal in origin. Enamel, pituitary and hypothalamus have an ectodermal origin. Pancreas and liver are of endodermal origin.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Select the set of opioids.

Options:
A Morphine and hashish
B Codeine and charas
C Heroin and marijuana
D Morphine and heroin.

The correct answer is:
Morphine and heroin.

Solution:
Opioids
- Mechanism: Opioids drugs bind to specific opioid receptors (in CNS and gastrointestinal tract) and produce various effects.
- Morphine: Very effective sedative and painkiller in patients undergoing surgery.
- Heroin (or smack): It is a white, odourless and bitter crystalline compound. - Chemically it is diacetylmorphine obtained by acetylation of morphine.
- It is extracted from the latex of poppy plant - Papaver somniferum.
- Usually taken by snorting and injection.
- Action: Heroin is a depressant thus slows down the body functions.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Select the set of STDs.

Options:
A AIDs and chickenpox
B Chikungunya and dengue
C Malaria and syphilis
D Genital warts and Hepatitis-B

The correct answer is:
Genital warts and Hepatitis-B

Solution:
Common STDs are gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes, chlamydiasis, genital warts, trichomoniasis, Hepatitis-B and AIDS.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
Select the set of vectors used for cloning in an eukaryotic organism.

Options:
A Plasmids, bacteriophages and Ti plasmids but not disarmed retroviruses.
B Bacteriophages and Ti plasmids but not disarmed retroviruses and plasmids,
C Plasmids, bacteriophages, Ti plasmids and disarmed retroviruses.
D Plasmids and bacteriophages but not disarmed retroviruses and Ti plasmids.

The correct answer is:
Plasmids, bacteriophages, Ti plasmids and disarmed retroviruses.

Solution:
Vectors are carriers of DNA which are used to transfer gene of interest into host cell. Vectors used at present, are engineered in such a way that help easy linking of foreign DNA and selection of recombinants and non recombinants. Plasmids and bacteriophages have ability to replicate within the bacterial cells independent of the control of chromosomal DNA. Ti plasmid is used vector for plant cell and retrovirus is used as a vector for animal cell.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Select the statement that is correct regarding arrhenotoky and thelytoky.

Options:
A In arrhenotoky, only males are produced by parthenogenesis, while in thelytoky only females are produced by parthenogenesis.
B In arrhenotoky, only females are produced by parthenogenesis, while in thelytoky only males are produced by parthenogenesis.
C In arrhenotoky, either males or females are produced by parthenogenesis, while in thelytoky only females are produced by parthenogenesis.
D In arrhenotoky, only males are produced by parthenogenesis, while in thelytoky either males or females are produced by parthenogenesis.

The correct answer is:
In arrhenotoky, only males are produced by parthenogenesis, while in thelytoky only females are produced by parthenogenesis.

Solution:
Parthenogenesis is the process of formation of organism from the egg without fertilization. In Thelytoky only females are produced by parthenogenesis. E.g. whiptail lizards. In Arrhenotoky only males are produced by parthenogenesis. E.g. Male honey bee (drone)

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
Select the statement that is correct related to movement of diaphragm and intercostal muscles for the process of effortless exhalation.

Options:
A Diaphragm relax and external intercostal muscles relax
B Diaphragm relax and external intercostal muscles contracts.
C Diaphragm contracts and external intercostal muscles show no movement
D Diaphragm contracts and external intercostal muscles relax

The correct answer is:
Diaphragm relax and external intercostal muscles relax

Solution:
The process of effortless exhalation is a passive process which involves the relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. This pushes the ribcage downwards and inwards reducing the volume. Thus, the intrapulmonary pressure increases forcing the air to move out of the lungs. Forceful exhalation, on the other hand, is an active process which involves contraction of internal intercostal muscles.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Select the statement that is correctly relatable with DNA.

Options:
A Double helical structure in which two strands of polynucleotide runs parallel to each other.
B The chief bond to hold the monomeric units together is the H-bonds.
C N -bases projected more or less perpendicular to back bone and faces inside.
D DNA is a homopolymer of nucleosides.

The correct answer is:
N -bases projected more or less perpendicular to back bone and faces inside.

Solution:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a double stranded molecule where the two strands run anti parallel to each other. Phosphate and sugar molecule form the back bone of the structure through phosphodiester bond. The N-bases in the strand of each nucleotide face towards the inner side and attach to the other strand by H-bonding. DNA has 4 types of N-bases and is a heteropolynucleotide of these nucleotides.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Select the statement that is not correct.

Options:
A Tubular reabsorption takes place by passive and active transport.
B ADH decreases the reabsorption of water in the DCT and collecting duct.
C Cortical nephrons control plasma volume under normal water supply.
D A normal adult person secretes about 1.5 liters of urine in 24 hours.

The correct answer is:
ADH decreases the reabsorption of water in the DCT and collecting duct.

Solution:
Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH) is responsible for increasing the reabsorption of water from the DCT and the collecting duct. It thus prevents diuresis i.e. excessive urination.. Tubular reabsorption is the process by which water and essential electrolytes are reabsorbed from the renal tubules. It occurs by both active and passive transport. Cortical nephrons are nephrons situated in the renal cortex. They are responsible for controlling the plasma volume under normal water supply. The secretion of urine in a normal adult person ins 1.5 liters in 24 hours.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET
Select the statement that is not correct for mRNA.

Options:
A Monocistronic mRNA encodes only one protein
B A non-interrupted gene is also called a split gene
C The mature mRNA consists exclusively of exons and has all introns removed
D Eukaryotic RNA formed after transcription is known as precursor messenger RNA

The correct answer is:
A non-interrupted gene is also called a split gene

Solution:
The coding sequence representing a protein in prokaryotes is not split that is not interrupted by a noncoding sequence. Split genes are observed commonly in eukaryotes, they have interrupted genes (also called a split gene). Mature mRNA has all its intron section spliced and having the exon part which represents the protein sequence.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Select the statement that is not correct from the following.

Options:
A Plants which utilizes first, RuBP in CO2 fixations are called C3 plants.
B Plants which utilizes first, PEP in CO2 fixations are called C2 plants.
C CAM plants lack structural compartmentalization of leaf, as found in C4 plants.
D C4 photosynthetic pathway is more efficient than the C3 pathway.

The correct answer is:
Plants which utilizes first, PEP in CO2 fixations are called C2 plants.

Solution:
In C3 plants, initial CO2 acceptor is 5C RuBP and in C4 plants initial CO2 acceptor is 3C PEP. CAM plants lack structural compartmentalization of leaf as they lacks kranz antomy. C4 plants are more efficient plants as Photorespiration is suppressed in C4 plants.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Select the statement which explains best parasitism.

Options:
A One organism is benefited.
B Both the organisms are benefited
C One organism is benefited, the other is not affected.
D One organism is benefited, the other is affected.

The correct answer is:
One organism is benefited, the other is affected.

Solution:
One organism is benefited, the other is affected is parasitism.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Select the statements regarding "Good soil".
a. The maximum amount of water a soil can hold and it is called field capacity.
b. The loamy soil has high field capacity and it has more amount of hygroscopic water.
c. Gravitational water is runaway water.
d. Capillary water is present inside the micropores of soil and is the water that is available to plant roots.

Options:
A a and b
B a and d
C b and c
D c and d

The correct answer is:
a and d

Solution:
The maximum amount of water a soil can hold and is called field capacity. The loamy soil has high field capacity of 25-40% and it has more amount of capillary water. The gravitational water is the percolated water through the soil and runaway water is the water that flows after a rainfall. Capillary water is present inside the micropores of soil and is the water that is available to plant roots.The good soil is that which allows percolating the water slowly from it. This makes the water holding capacity to become higher. The capillary water in the soil gets increased and the water available for the plant growth will be higher.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Select the statements that are correct for conditioned reflex.

1 Acquired by practice or learning
2 Does not abolish by lack of practice
3 Participation of cerebral cortex
4 Originates spontaneously.

Options:
A 1, 2, 3
B 1 & 3
C Only 1
D 2 & 4

The correct answer is:
1 & 3

Solution:
Conditioned reflexes are those that are acquired during the lifetime and not built in. These reflexes require direct participation of the brain. They are acquired by practice and learning unlike the unconditional reflexes where brain is not involved and learning not required. These reflexes tend to diminish due to lack of practice.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Select the statements that are incorrect regarding Bt toxin.

(I) The toxin is made by the eukaryotic organism
(II) The toxin is a protein and insecticidal.
(III) They are produced in the active form.
(IV) The toxin is coded by the cry gene.

Options:
A All except II and IV
B All except I, II and IV
C All except I, II and III
D All except III and IV

The correct answer is:
All except II and IV

Solution:
Bt toxin is produced in its inactive form by the prokaryotic bacteria Bacillu thuringensis. The toxin is a insecticidal protein which becomes active when comes in contact with insect gut digestive juices.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Select the symptom that is not shown in Grave's disease.

Options:
A Protrusion of the eyeballs
B Enlargement of thyroid gland
C Weight-gain
D Increased body temperature

The correct answer is:
Weight-gain

Solution:
Grave's disease occurs due to hypersecretion of thyroxine from the thyroid gland. This patient will have a high metabolic rate. Thus their heart rate and blood pressure will be high. It increases the energy production by mitochondria thereby increasing the temperature. Due to increased metabolism they use up their reserve food material easily and this leads to weight loss. Due to its excessive production of hormones, the thyroid gland increases in size (goitre). These patient have protruded eyeballs (exophthalmos).

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Select the taxon that represents both marine and freshwater species.

Options:
A Echinoderms
B Ctenophora
C Cephalochordate
D Cnidaria

The correct answer is:
Cnidaria

Solution:
Echinoderms, Ctenophores, and Cephalochordates are exclusively marine. However, Cnidarians live in both marine and fresh water habitats.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2014
Select the total number of the correct statement:

I. Cell-plate formation occurs in plant cell during cytokinesis.
II. During cytokinesis mitochondria and plastid gets distributed between two daughter cells in mitosis.
III. Liquid endosperm in coconut is syncytium.
IV. Furrow formation occurs in the animal cell during cytokinesis.

Options:
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4

The correct answer is:
4

Solution:
In an animal cell, cytokinesis is achieved by the appearance of a furrow in the plasma membrane. The furrow gradually deepens and ultimately joins in the centre dividing the cell cytoplasm into two. In plant cells, wall formation starts in the centre of the cell and grows outward to meet the existing lateral walls. The formation of the new cell wall begins with the formation of a simple precursor, called the cell-plate that represents the middle lamella between the walls of two adjacent cells. At the time of cytoplasmic division, organelles like mitochondria and plastids get distributed between the two daughter cells. In some organisms karyokinesis is not followed by cytokinesis as a result of which multinucleate condition arises leading to the formation of syncytium (e.g., liquid endosperm in coconut).

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
Select the true statement from the following. Nuclear force is

Options:
A Strong, short range and charge independent force.
B charge independent, attractive and long range force.
C Strong, charge dependent and short range attractive force
D Long range, charge dependent and attractive force.

The correct answer is:
Strong, short range and charge independent force.

Solution:
Nuclear force has the following properties
(i) Nuclear force is a short range force whose range is of the order of 2 to 3 femtometre.
(ii) The nuclear force is the strongest force in the nature.
(iii) Nuclear force is an attractive force acting between nucleons, which is charge independent.
Therefore, nuclear force is strong, short range and charge independent force.

Topic: Physics, Nuclear Physics, NEET
Select the two correct statement out of the four (I-IV) given below about Lac operon.

1. Glucose or galactose may bind with the repressor and inactivate it.
2. In the absence of lactose, the repressor binds with the operator region.
3. The z-gene codes for permease.
4. This was elucidated by Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod.

The correct statements are

Options:
A II and III
B I and III
C II and IV
D I and II

The correct answer is:
II and IV

Solution:
In prokaryotes, a hypothesis was given in 1961 to explain the protein synthesis regulation. This hypothesis was given by F Jacob and J Monod and for this awarded Nobel Prize in 1965. The hypothesis was known by the name operon model.
The operator gene is the segment of DNA, which exercise a control over transcription. In the absence of lactose, the repressor binds with the operator gene.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Select the two statements out of the four $(1-4)$ given below about lac operon.
(1) Glucose or galactose may bind with the repressor and inactivate it
(2) In the absence of lactose, the repressor binds with the operator region
(3) The z-gene codes for permease
(4) This was elucidated by Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod
The correct statements are

Options:
A (2) and (3)
B (1) and (3)
C (2) and (4)
D (1) and (2)

The correct answer is:
(2) and (4)

Solution:
In prokaryotes, a hypothesis was given in 1961 to explain the protein synthesis regulation. This hypothesis was given by $\mathbf{F}$ Jacob and $\mathbf{J}$ Monod and for this awarded Nobel Prize in 1965 , the hypothesis was known by the name of Operon Model.
The operator gene is the segment of DNA, which exercise a control over transcriptions. In the absence of lactose, the repressor binds with the operator gene.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET, NEET 2010 (Screening)
Select the type of Fungi shown in the figure.

Options:
A Phycomycetes
B Ascomycetes
C Basidiomycetes
D Deuteromycetes

The correct answer is:
Phycomycetes

Solution:
Mucor is a species of Phycomycetes.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Select the type of gland with its appropriate example.

Options:
A An adrenal gland is an endocrine gland
B Mammary gland is an apocrine gland
C The thymus gland is an heterocrine gland
D Sebaceous gland is an endocrine gland

The correct answer is:
Mammary gland is an apocrine gland

Solution:
The apocrine secretion of mammary gland takes place by means of decapitation, a process in which the apical portion of the secretory cell cytoplasm pinches off and enters the lumen of the gland.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Select the wrong match.

Options:
A Castor seed - Dicot and endospermic
B Bean seed - Dicot and non-endospermic
C Maize - Monocot and endospermic
D Mustard - Dicot and endospermic

The correct answer is:
Mustard - Dicot and endospermic

Solution:
Endosperm provide nourishment to the developing embryo.
There are two types of seed- endospermic seed and non-endospermic seed.
Endospermous seeds are those seeds in which Endosperm persists in the mature seeds and endosperm continues to support the growth of embryo during seeds germination whereas in non-endospermic seed, the endosperm is totally consumed by the developing embryo therefore mature seed do not contain any endosperm. Example of endospermic seed:- Castor, sunflower, maize, coconut, wheat etc.
Non-endospermous seed are: - Peas, beans, grams, groundnut, mustard etc.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the wrong option from the following.

Options:
A Intrinsic factor secreted by parietal cells - Essential for the absorption of vitamins B12.
B Bile activates - lipases.
C Succus entericus - digestion of nucleic acid into nucleotides.
D Enterokinase secreted by intestinal mucosa - activates trypsinogen into trypsin.

The correct answer is:
Succus entericus - digestion of nucleic acid into nucleotides.

Solution:
Succus enteriscus is the other name of intestinal juice secreted by the mucosal epithelium of the small intestine. This juice has various enzymes like lipases, dipeptidases, nucleosidases including dipeptidase. Nucleases that break the nucleic acids to nucleotides are found in the pancreatic juice secreted by the pancreas.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
Select the WRONG pair from the following.

Options:
A 47, XXY - characteristic palm crease
B trisomy of 21 - retarded mental and physical development
C phenylketonuria - mental retardation
D 45, XO - sterility

The correct answer is:
47, XXY - characteristic palm crease

Solution:
Chromosomal disorder occurs when there is addition or deletion of chromosome in the individual. In case of trisomy of the 21st chromosome causes Down's syndrome. This results in mental retardation and physical development is retarded as well. The palm of the individual is broad with characteristic palm crease.
Klinefelter's syndrome is a condition where individual has the chromosomal combination as 44+XXY with an extra X chromosome. Such individual is sterile. Also, individual has an overall masculine development with certain feminine characteristics.
Turner's syndrome occurs when the chromosomal count is 44+ X0, where the last pair has a missing chromosome. The individual is sterile female with webbed neck.
Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of metabolism where the individual has reduced metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. Such mutation leads to mental retardation, with reduction in hair and skin pigmentation.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Select the wrong pair.

Options:
A Banyan: Adventitious roots for support
B Bougainvillea: Thorns from axillary buds
C Alstonia: Whorled phyllotaxy
D Datura: Zygomorphic flower

The correct answer is:
Datura: Zygomorphic flower

Solution:
The Banyan tree has adventitious roots i.e. prop roots for support.
Bougainvillea has thorns which are nothing but the modified axillary buds which protect the plants from grazing animals.
In Alstonia, leaves arise at the node and form a whorl thus giving it a whorled phyllotaxy.
When a flower can be divided into two equal radial halves in any radial plane passing through the centre, it is said to be actinomorphic, e.g., mustard, datura, chilli. When it can be divided into two similar halves only in one particular vertical plane, it is zygomorphic, e.g., pea, gulmohur, bean, Cassia.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the WRONG statement.

Options:
A When tripalmitin is used as a substrate in respiration, the RQ is 0.7 .
B The intermediate compound which links glycolysis with Krebs' cycle is malic acid.
C One glucose molecule yields a net gain of 36 ATP molecules during aerobic respiration.
D One glucose molecule yields a net gain of 2 ATP molecules during fermentation.

The correct answer is:
The intermediate compound which links glycolysis with Krebs' cycle is malic acid.

Solution:
Tripalmitin is a fatty acid and the R.Q of fatty acids is around 0.7, therefore when it is used as a substrate in respiration the R.Q will be 0.7. Aerobic respiration involves both glycolysis and TCA cycle, therefore during aerobic respiration one glucose molecule will give a net gain of 36 ATP whereas during fermentation glucose is broken down into ethanol and lactic acid resulting in the formation of only 2 ATP molecules.
Pyruvic acid is the intermediate compound which links glycolysis with Kreb's cycle.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
Select the wrong statement.

Options:
A Isogametes are similar in structure, function and behaviour
B Anisogametes differ either in structure, function and behaviour
C In oomycetes female gamete is smaller and motile, while male gamete is larger and non-motile
D Chlamydomonas exhibits both isogamy and anisogamy and Fucus shows oogamy

The correct answer is:
In oomycetes female gamete is smaller and motile, while male gamete is larger and non-motile

Solution:
Oomycetes (egg fungus) include water moulds, white rusts and downy mildews. In these, female gamete is smaller and motile, whereas male gamete is larger and non-motile. Isogametes are found in algae like Ulothrix, Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, etc., which are similar in structure, function and behaviour. Anisogametes are found in Chlamydomonas in which one gamete is larger and non-motile and the other one is motile and smaller.
Oogamy is the fusion of non-motile egg with motile sperm. The gametes, differ both morphologically as well as physiologically. It occurs in Chlamydomonas, Fucus Chara, Volvox, etc.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)