datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Which of these is not a correct difference between carbon cycle and phosphorus cycle?

Options:
A Carbon cycle is a gaseous type of nutrient cycle while Phosphorus cycle is a sedimentary type of nutrient cycle.
B The reservoir of carbon is ocean while the reservoir of phosphorus is rock
C In carbon cycle, there is respiratory release of carbon into atmosphere while this doesn't happen in phosphorus cycle
D Atmospheric inputs of phosphorus through rainfall are much larger than carbon inputs

The correct answer is:
Atmospheric inputs of phosphorus through rainfall are much larger than carbon inputs

Solution:
The reservoir for gaseous type of nutrient cycle (e.g., nitrogen, carbon cycle) exists in the atmosphere and for the sedimentary cycle (e.g., sulphur and phosphorus cycle), the reservoir is located in Earth's crust. 71% of carbon is found dissolved in oceans. The natural reservoir of phosphorus is rock, which contains phosphorus in the form of phosphates. Unlike the carbon cycle, there is no respiratory release of phosphorus into the atmosphere. Atmospheric inputs of phosphorus through rainfall are much smaller than carbon input.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Which of these is not a monomer for a high molecular mass silicone polymer?

Options:
A $\mathrm{MeSiCl}_3$
B $\mathrm{Me}_2 \mathrm{SiCl}_2$
C $\mathrm{Me}_3 \mathrm{SiCl}$
D $\mathrm{PhSiCl}_3$

The correct answer is:
$\mathrm{Me}_3 \mathrm{SiCl}$

Solution:
$\mathrm{Me}_3 \mathrm{SiCl}$ is not a monomer for a high molecular mass silicone polymer because it generates $\mathrm{Me}_3 \mathrm{SiOH}$ when subjected to hydrolysis which contains only one reacting site. Hence, the polymerisation reaction stops just after first step.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 13 & 14), NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)
Which of these is not a monomer for a high molecular mass silicone polymer?

Options:
A Me2SiCl2
B Me3SiCl
C PhSiCl3
D MeSiCl3

The correct answer is:
Me3SiCl

Solution:
MeSiCl3,Me2SiCl2 and PhSiCl3 are monomers for a high molecular mass silicone polymer.
However, Me3SiCl is not a monomer for a high molecular mass silicone polymer as it contains only one Cl atom and at best, it can form a dimer only.
As Me3SiCl on hydrolysis gives Me3SiOH which can't undergo polymerisation.

Topic: Chemistry, Polymers, NEET
Which of these is NOT absolutely necessary for a cloning vector?

Options:
A Ori
B High copy number
C Selectable marker
D Cloning sites

The correct answer is:
High copy number

Solution:
The cloning vectors should have a) an Ori which is the origin of replication. b) a Selectable marker c) cloning sites. The commonly used vectors are E coli, plasmids, etc. Artificially prepared vectors are puC and pBr322.If one wants to recover many copies of the target DNA it should be cloned in a vector whose origin support high copy number. But cloning vectors with low copy numbers can also be used. High copy number is not absolutely necessary.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Which of these is not an example of alien species invasion?

Options:
A Nile perch introduced in Lake Victoria
B African catfish in Indian River
C Water hyacinth in India
D Soyabean cultivation in Amazon forest

The correct answer is:
Soyabean cultivation in Amazon forest

Solution:
Four major causes of biodiversity loss include - habitat loss and fragmentation, overexploitation, alien species invasion and co extinction. When an alien species are introduced in a region intentionally or unintentionally they may result in the decline or extinction of indigenous species. This is known as alien species invasion. When large habitats are broken down into fragments or are cleared for cultivation or for turning it into grasslands it results in the decline of many birds and animals. Cultivation of soyabean in Amazon forest is one such example of habitat loss and fragmentation.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Which of these is not an important component of initiation of parturition in humans?

Options:
A Increase in estrogen and progesterone ratio
B Synthesis of prostaglandins
C Release of Oxytocin
D Release of Prolactin

The correct answer is:
Release of Prolactin

Solution:
During parturition, secretion of progesterone decreases, thus estrogen and progesterone ratio increases. Prostaglandins facilitate dilation of the cervix, and oxytocin causes contraction of the myometrium. Prolactin helps in the process of lactation.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET, NEET 2021
Which of these is not obtained from a fungus?

Options:
A cyclosporin A
B statin
C antibiotic penicillin
D holes in Swiss cheese

The correct answer is:
holes in Swiss cheese

Solution:
Swiss cheese has large holes in it due to carbon dioxide formation by the activity of bacteria Propionibacteriumsharmanii.
Penicillin is the first antibiotic to be discovered that is produced by Penicilliumnotatum which is a fungus. Trichodermapolysporum, a type of fungus, produces cyclosporin A (an immunosuppressive agent). Blood cholesterol lowering agent statins are also obtained from fungus.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Which of these is not required in PCR?

Options:
A Primer
B Template
C Taq polymerase
D Methylase

The correct answer is:
Methylase

Solution:
PCR is exponential amplification of DNA. The steps are Denaturation, Annealing and polymerisation. Denaturation will produce template DNA. Annealing requires a Primer by which short DNA is attached to the complementary DNA. Then finally for polymerisation , temperature dependent DNA polymerase like Taq polymerase is used. Methylases add CH3 groups to adenine or cytosine and are not used in PCR.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Which of these is not the feature of a cloning vector?

Options:
A Ori supporting high copy number
B Selectable marker
C Resistant to the action of restriction enzymes
D Presence of cloning site

The correct answer is:
Resistant to the action of restriction enzymes

Solution:
Cloning vectors should have many restriction enzyme recognition site but only one site for each restriction enzyme. Restriction enzyme identifies specific site on DNA and cuts at specific palindromic sequences from fragments so that the foreign DNA segment can be attached for cloning.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Which of these is the correct evolutionary line of mammals?

Options:
A Sauropsids → Synapsids → Therapsids → Mammals
B Synapsids → Sauropsids → Therapsids → Mammals
C Sauropsids → Therapsids → Mammals
D Synapsids → Therapsids → Mammals

The correct answer is:
Synapsids → Therapsids → Mammals

Solution:
A common ancestor which is a now extinct reptile gave rise to two groups: Sauropsids which evolved to form many ancestors and Synapsids which give rise to Therapsids. They were ancestors of modern day mammals.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Which of these is the correct function of enzymes/protein used in DNA replication?

Helicase	Topoisomerase	Single-strand binding protein	DNA polymerase

I.	Adds DNA nucleotides to the 3'end of a growing polynucleotide strand	prevents original strand reforming complementary base pairs	releases the tension caused by unwinding	makes strands available as templates

II.	releases the tension caused by unwinding	prevents original strands from reforming complementary base pairs	makes strands available as templates	adds DNA nucleotides to the 3'end of a growing polynucleotide strand

III.	releases the tension caused by unwinding	makes strands available as templates	adds DNA nucleotides to the 3'end of a growing polynucleotide strand	prevents original strands from reformingcomplementary base pairs

IV.	makes strands available as templates	releases the tension caused by unwinding	prevents original strands from reforming complementary base pairs	adds DNA nucleotides to the 3'end of a growing polynucleotide strand

Options:
A I
B II
C II
D IV

The correct answer is:
IV

Solution:
DNA replication is semiconservative. DNA is made by enzymes called DNA polymerases. DNA replication requires other enzymes including DNA primase, DNA helicase, DNA ligase, and topoisomerase. DNA polymerases are responsible for synthesizing DNA: they add nucleotides one by one to the growing DNA chain that are complementary to the template strand. Helicase's job is to move the replication forks forward by "unwinding" the DNA. It does so by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs.
Single-strand binding proteins coat the separated strands of DNA near the replication fork preventing the cut strands from coming back together into a double helix. Topoisomerase enzyme prevents the DNA double helix ahead of the replication fork from getting too tightly wound as the DNA is opened up.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Which of these is true about the type of parthenogenesis?

Options:
A In arrhenotoky, only males are produced by parthenogenesis while in thelytoky only females are produced by parthenogenesis.
B In arrhenotoky, only females are produced by parthenogenesis while in thelytoky only males are produced by parthenogenesis.
C In arrhenotoky either males or females are produced by parthenogenesis while in thelytoky only females are produced by parthenogenesis.
D In arrhenotoky, only males are produced by parthenogenesis while in thelytoky either males or females are produced by parthenogenesis.

The correct answer is:
In arrhenotoky, only males are produced by parthenogenesis while in thelytoky only females are produced by parthenogenesis.

Solution:
Parthenogenesis is the process of the formation of an organism from the egg without fertilization. In thelytoky, only females are produced by parthenogenesis, e.g., whiptail lizards. In arrhenotoky, only males are produced by parthenogenesis, e.g., male honey bee (drone).

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
Which of these is used as a vector in gene therapy for SCID?

Options:
A Arbovirus
B Rotavirus
C Enterovirus
D Retrovirus

The correct answer is:
Retrovirus

Solution:
SCID is caused due to defect in a gene which codes for enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA). Patients suffering from SCID bear non-functional T- and B-lymphocytes. In many cases, the patients fail to mount an immune response against attacking pathogens. The ideal approach for SCID treatment is to provide functional ADA (enzyme replacement therapy), in which functional ADA is given to the patient by injection.
The first step towards gene therapy is the lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in a culture outside the body. A functional ADA cDNA is transfected by using a retroviral vector into these lymphocytes and these cells are subsequently re-inserted back to the patient.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Which of these is/are limitation/s of ecological pyramids?

I. Decomposers are not given any place in ecological pyramids.
II. Ecological pyramids do not accommodate a food web.
III. Ecological pyramids may be upright or inverted.
IV. They don't consider omnivores in two different trophic levels.

Options:
A III
B II and IV
C I, II, and IV
D II, III and IV

The correct answer is:
I, II, and IV

Solution:
Ecological pyramid is a graphical representation of relationships between organisms at different trophic levels. The base of the pyramid represents producers, whereas the apex represents tertiary consumers. Ecological pyramid considers one organism at one trophic level and does not consider omnivores. It assumes that nature has a simple food chain, but actually there are complicated interconnected food chains called food webs. Decomposers which help in recycling the energy are also not given any place.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Which of these microbes is used in the inoculum to form curd?

Options:
A Lactobacillus acidophilus
B Agrobacterium tumefaceins
C Streptococcus thermophiles
D Streptococcus faecalis

The correct answer is:
Lactobacillus acidophilus

Solution:
Milk is converted into curd due to the growth of microorganism Lactobacillus acidophilus commonly called lactic acid bacteria. Acid is produced by it leading to coagulation and digestion of the milk proteins partially. A small amount of curd that is added to milk acts as a starter as it contains millions of lactobacillus multiplication of which converts milk into curds. It also increases vitamin B12 hence accentuating the nutritional quality of milk and

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Which of these muscles are not involved in normal inspiration, normal expiration as well as forceful inspiration?

Options:
A Internal intercostal muscles
B External intercostal muscles
C Diaphragm
D All three of these muscles

The correct answer is:
Internal intercostal muscles

Solution:
The contraction of external intercostal muscles and diaphragm is responsible for normal inspiration as well as forceful inspiration. Relaxation of these muscles causes normal expiration. The contraction of internal intercostal muscles is responsible for forceful expiration.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Which of these muscles don't exist in animals?

Options:
A Striated in appearance and voluntary in action
B Unstriated in appearance and involuntary in action
C Striated in appearance and involuntary in action
D Unstriated in appearance and voluntary in action

The correct answer is:
Unstriated in appearance and voluntary in action

Solution:
Skeletal muscles are striated muscles with voluntary control. Visceral muscles are non-striated muscles with involuntary control. Cardiac muscles are also striated but have branching. They also have involuntary control. They are no muscles which are unstriated and voluntary.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Which of these options correctly represents the functions of all these enzymes?

Transferase	Ligase	Isomerase	Lyase

(i)	Enable transfer of group other than H	Linking together of two compounds	Interconversion of molecules for similar optical, geometrical or positional shapes	Removes groups by process other than hydrolysis

(ii)	Linking together of two compounds	Interconversion of molecules for similar optical, geometrical or positional shapes	Removes groups by process other than hydrolysis	Enable transfer of group other than H

(iii)	Enable transfer of group other than H	Interconversion of molecules for similar optical, geometrical or positional shapes	Linking together of two compounds	Removes groups by process other than hydrolysis

(iv)	Removes groups by process other than hydrolysis	Linking together of two compounds	Interconversion of molecules for similar optical, geometrical or positional shapes	Enable transfer of group other than H

Options:
A (i)
B (ii)
C (iii)
D (iv)

The correct answer is:
(i)

Solution:
Enzymes are the biocatalyst of biological world. Enzymes are mostly proteins and are classified into groups depending on their type of activity.
Ligases are those that join two groups together. Lyases are group of enzyme which break the substrate without hydrolysis. Transferase help in transferring the functional group in the substrate reaction. Isomerases are the category that helps in converting the molecules into their isomers.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Which of these options doesn't have a pair of diseases caused by organisms of the same genus?

Options:
A Tuberculosis and Leprosy
B Tetanus and Food poisoning
C African sleeping sickness and Chaga's disease
D Anthrax and Plague

The correct answer is:
Anthrax and Plague

Solution:
The causative organisms of the various diseases are as follows:

No.	Disease	Causative Organism	Type of organism
(i)	Tuberculosis	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Bacterium
(ii)	Leprosy	Mycobacterium leprae	Bacterium
(iii)	Tetanus	Clostridium tetani	Bacterium
(iv)	Botulism (Food poisoning)	Clostridium botulinum	Bacterium
(v)	Anthrax	Bacillus anthracis	Bacterium
(vi)	Plague	Yersinia pestis or Pasteurella pestis	Bacterium
(vii)	African Sleeping sickness	Trypanosoma gambiense	Protozoa
(viii)	Chaga’s disease	Trypanosoma cruzi	Protozoa

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Which of these options is categorized as a lectin?

Options:
A Abrin
B Ricin
C Concanavalin A
D None of these

The correct answer is:
Concanavalin A

Solution:
Lectins are proteins which bind to carbohydrates. Abrin is a toxin obtained from Abrus precatorius, and ricin is a toxin obtained from castor oil plant Ricinus communis. Concanavalin A is a lectin extracted from the jack-bean, Canavalia ensiformis.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Which of these organisms have chlorophyll a and chlorophyll c in their cells and a cellulosic wall usually covered on the outside by a gelatinous coating?

Options:
A Volvox and Fucus
B Fucus and Porphyra
C Chara and Laminaria
D Fucus and Laminaria

The correct answer is:
Fucus and Laminaria

Solution:
Eukaryotic organisms having chlorophyll a and c, a gelatinous coating of algin is a peculiar feature of brown algae. In the above given examples the two examples which are of brown algae are Laminaria and Fucus. These organisms also contain pigments like xanthophylls and carotenoids, along with chlorophyll a and c. Volvox and Chara are green algae while Porphyra is a red alga

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Which of these pairs are incorrectly clubbed together?

Options:
A Cells in adult animals which do not divide - Heart cells
B Equational division - Mitosis
C Disc shaped structures at the surface of centromere - Kinetochores
D Initiation of assembly of mitotic spindle - Mitotic metaphase

The correct answer is:
Initiation of assembly of mitotic spindle - Mitotic metaphase

Solution:
Heart cells on differentiation lose the ability to divide in adulthood. Mitosis is the cell division process where the cell divides to form two identical daughter cells to its parent cell. Kinetochores are present over the centromeres that held the sister chromatids together. Kinetochores are disc shaped. The mitotic spindle apparatus forms during the prophase of mitosis and in metaphase the chromosomes move towards the equator.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
Which of these pairs is correctly matched?

Options:
A Female heterogamety - Humans
B 2n+1 of sex chromosome - Turner's Syndrome
C 2n + 1 chromosomes - Trisomy
D Pleiotropic gene - Gene for phenylketonuria

The correct answer is:
2n + 1 chromosomes - Trisomy

Solution:
A single gene can exhibit multiple phenotypic expression. Such a gene is called a pleiotropic gene. The inheritance of human height is polygenic inheritance. In birds, the total number of chromosome is same in both males and females. But two different types of gametes in terms of the sex chromosomes, are produced by females, i.e., female heterogamety. In humans, males are heterogamous. Turner's syndrome is caused due to the absence of one of the X chromosomes, i.e., they have 45 chromosomes with only one X chromosome. Trisomy is due to one extra chromosome and the number of chromosomes can be represented by 2n+1.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Which of these pairs of hormones are not antagonistic in their action?

Options:
A Erythropoeisis: Thyroxine and Erythropoeitin
B Calcium metabolism: Parathormone and Calcitonin
C Glucose metabolism: Insulin and Glucagon
D Blood pressure regulation: Aldosterone and Atrial Natriuretic Factor

The correct answer is:
Erythropoeisis: Thyroxine and Erythropoeitin

Solution:
Parathormone increases the calcium levels in the blood, while calcitonin decreases the calcium levels in the blood; hence, they are antagonistic. Glucagon increases glucose levels in the blood, while insulin decreases glucose levels in the blood; hence, they are antagonistic. Aldosterone increases blood pressure, while ANF decreases blood pressure; hence, they are antagonistic. Both thyroxine and erythropoietin stimulate erythropoiesis, and hence, they are synergistic.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Which of these pairs of organisms are bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic?

Options:
A Ascaris, Planaria
B Spongilla, Limulus
C Fasciola, Echinus
D Hirudinaria, Ctenoplana

The correct answer is:
Ascaris, Planaria

Solution:
Members of phyla Aschelminthes and Platyhelminthes are triploblastic and bilaterally symmetrical. Ascaris is a roundworm, while Planaria is a freshwater flatworm.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Which of these partial pressures are equal?

Options:
A pO2 in atmospheric air and pO2 in alveoli
B pO2 in alveoli and pO2 in oxygenated blood
C pCO2 in oxygenated blood and pO2 in deoxygenated blood
D pCO2 in oxygenated blood and pCO2 in tissues

The correct answer is:
pCO2 in oxygenated blood and pO2 in deoxygenated blood

Solution:
The various partial pressures in the respiratory system are tabulated as follows:

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Which of these parts of the Makoi plant is incorrectly described?

Options:
A Leaves: alternate, simple, exstipulate with reticulate venation
B Corolla: petals five, gamopetallous with valvate aestivation
C Gynoecium: bicarpellary, syncarpous with bilocular, superior ovary superior
D Seeds: many seeds in a fruit, without endosperm

The correct answer is:
Seeds: many seeds in a fruit, without endosperm

Solution:
Makoi plant (Solanum nigrum) or black nightshade belongs to family Solanaceae. It has alternate simple leaves without stipules but with reticulate venation. They have 5 petals with valvate aestivation which are fused to each other. Their gynoecium has two carpels that are fused together. Thus the ovary has two locules and is also superior. There are many seeds in their fruit but all of them have endosperm.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Which of these photosynthetic pigments are soluble in water?

Options:
A Chlorophyll
B Carotene
C Xanthophyll
D Phycobilin

The correct answer is:
Phycobilin

Solution:
Chemically, chlorophylls are porphyrin derivatives with a distinct head and tail region. They are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. Chemically, carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) are lipid compounds which are derivatives of lycopene pigment. They too are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. Chemically, phycobilins are also porphyrins derivatives with open tetrapyrrolic chains (no ring, no Mg, and no phytol chain). They are soluble in water.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Which of these plant diseases is caused by bacteria?

Options:
A Red rot of sugarcane
B Late blight of potato
C Black rot of crucifers
D Brown rust of wheat

The correct answer is:
Black rot of crucifers

Solution:
The red rot of sugarcane is caused by a fungus Colletotrichum falcatum. Late blight of potato is caused by a fungus Phytophthora infestans. Brown rust of wheat is caused by a fungus. Black rot of crucifers is caused by a bacterium Xanthomonas campestris. The brown rust of wheat is caused by a fungus Puccinia triticina.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
Which of these plant hormones allows the plant to withstand extremely dry climates?

Options:
A ABA
B Auxin
C Cytokinin
D GA

The correct answer is:
ABA

Solution:
ABA is also known as a stress hormone and provide protection during stressful conditions. It helps to close the stomata and helps to withstand in dry conditions.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET
Which of these plants consist of a cymose inflorescence along with a syncarpous ovary?

Options:
A Onion
B Potato
C Soyabean
D Both (A) and (B)

The correct answer is:
Both (A) and (B)

Solution:
Members of both Liliaceae and Solanaceae bear a cymose inflorescence along with a syncarpous ovary.
Potatoes (Solanum) and onions (Allium) belong to these families.
Soyabeans belong to family of Fabaceae which has a characteristic racemose inflorescence.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET