datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Branching descent and natural selection are the two key concepts of

Options:
A Darwin's theory of evolution
B Lamarck's theory of evolution
C Hugo deVries theory of mutation
D Wallace theory of evolution

The correct answer is:
Darwin's theory of evolution

Solution:
The two key concept of Darwin's theory of evolution are:
Branching descent It explains the pattern of evolution
Natural Selection It explain the mechanism of evolution

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Brandy, whiskey, and rum are

Options:
A Distilled, non-fermented products
B Non-distilled, fermented products
C Fermented distilled products
D Non-distilled, non-fermented products

The correct answer is:
Fermented distilled products

Solution:
Alcoholic drinks are produced by fermenting different types of cereals or fruits by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fermented broth produced by Brewer's yeast acting on malted cereals and fruit juices goes through processing in which distillation determines the type of drink. Brandy, whiskey, and rum are the alcoholic drinks that go through a distillation process. Wine and beer do not undergo the process of distillation.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Br₂(aq) and Fe²+(aq)

Options:
A Br₂ will reduce Fe²+
B Fe²+will reduce Br₂
C The reaction is not feasible
D Both will not react

The correct answer is:
Br₂ will reduce Fe²+

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
Br₂ will reduce Fe²+

Topic: Chemistry, Redox Reactions, NEET
Breathing, an important step of the respiratory system, is a two-part process involving- inhalation and exhalation. During the process of breathing, the thorax region shows some changes. Identify the statement/s from below that is/are related to the exhalation process.

I. External intercostal muscles contract

II. Pressure in the lungs increases

III. Diaphragm contracts

IV. The volume of thorax decreases

Options:
A II and IV only
B I, II and III only
C I, II, III and IV
D II and III only

The correct answer is:
II and IV only

Solution:
Breathing is the process of taking the atmospheric air in and giving out the spent air or used air. It has two parts inspiration (taking the air in) and expiration (giving out the used air). During the exhalation process, air is given out due to the pressure gradient developed by relaxation of the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles which were contracted during inhalation. This causes reduction in thorax volume (statement IV) and increasing the pressure (statement II) inside compared to outside atmospheric pressure. This causes the used air in lungs to move out of the thorax. Statements I and III are changes occurring during inhalation process of breathing.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Breeding of crops with high levels of minerals, vitamins and proteins is called

Options:
A somatic hybridization
B biofortification
C biomagnification
D micropropagation

The correct answer is:
biofortification

Solution:
Biofortification is a method of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value. This can be done either through conventional selective breeding or through genetic engineering. Biofortification differs from ordinary fortification because it focuses on making plant foods more nutritious as the plants are growing rather than nutrients added to the food when they are being processed. This is an improvement on ordinary fortification, when it comes to provide nutrients for the rural poor, who rarely have access to commercially fortified foods.

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET, NEET 2010 (Screening)
Breedings crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals or higher proteins and healthier fats is called:

Options:
A Bio-remediation
B Bio-fortification
C Bio-accumulation
D Bio-magnification

The correct answer is:
Bio-fortification

Solution:
Bio-fortification refers to the idea of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value. This can be done in two ways, either through conventional selective breeding, or through genetic engineering.

For example, a rice variety, rich in pro-vitamin A, named as 'golden rice' was developed by introducing three genes involved in biosynthetic pathway for carotenoids, the precursor for vitamin A.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 1)
Brewer's Yeast is

Options:
A Saccharomyces cariocanus
B Saccharomyces florentinus
C Saccharomyces cerevisiae
D Saccharomyces spencerorum

The correct answer is:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Solution:
Brewer's Yeast is the yeast that is used by brewing or for making alcoholic beverages. Yeast carries out fermentation of sugar solution and produces alcohol with the help of enzyme zymase and invertase.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Broad palm with single palm crease is visible in a person suffering from-

Options:
A Thalassemia
B Down's syndrome
C Turner's syndrome
D Klinefelter's syndrome

The correct answer is:
Down's syndrome

Solution:
Down's syndrome:

This happens due to non-disjunction of chromosomes.

This is a trisomy of 21st chromosome (autosomal).

Individuals with Down syndrome are mentally retarded.

They have a characteristic broad face with a flat nasal bridge, wide-set eyes, and prominent epicanthic folds.

The hands are also broad with a single crease in the palm.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET, NEET 2023 (All India)
Bromination takes place majority at
major product

Options:
A a
B b
C c
D d

The correct answer is:
a

Solution:
As most stable free radical (allyl + t° ) is formed at 'a' so bromination occurs here to give the major product.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET
Bromine monochloride, BrCl decomposes into bromine and chlorine and reaches the equilibrium 2BrCl(g) ⇌ Br2(g) + Cl2(g) for which Kc = 32 at 500 K. If initially pure BrCl is present at a concentration of 3.3 × 10-3mol L-1, what is its molar concentration in the mixture at equilibrium?

Options:
A 6.4 × 10-2mol L-1
B 3.3 × 10-4mol L-1
C 2.1 × 10-3mol L-1
D 9.6 × 10-2mol L-1

The correct answer is:
3.3 × 10-4mol L-1

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
3.3 × 10-4mol L-1

Topic: Chemistry, Ionic Equilibrium, NEET
Bromine water reacts with SO2 to form

Options:
A H2O and HBr
B HBr and S
C H2SO4 and HBr
D S and H2O

The correct answer is:
H2SO4 and HBr

Solution:
Bromine water reacts with SO2 to form H2SO4 and HBr as follows
SO2+Br2+2H2OâH2SO4(Sulphuric acid)+2HBr

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET
Bronchoconstriction of smooth muscles is witnessed by asthma patients. It is triggered due to release of _____X_____ and treated by _____Y_____ .

Options:
A X - histamine, Y - aldosterone
B X - antihistamine, Y - epinephrine
C X - antihistamine, Y - prednisolone
D X - histamine, Y - adrenaline

The correct answer is:
X - histamine, Y - adrenaline

Solution:
Asthma is an allergic infection. This occurs when immune responses in our body are triggered by allergens like pollen, dust, etc. This causes the formation of the IgE antibody due to the release of chemicals like histamine and serotonin from mast cells. These chemicals result in various symptoms like sneezing, headache, bronchoconstriction etc. To treat this it is important to curb the release of such chemicals. Hence drugs like anti-histamine, adrenaline and steroids are given.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Brood pouch in female Periplaneta americana is composed of:

Options:
A 7th sternum + 8th & 9th tergum
B 7th & 8th sternum + 9th tergum
C 7th, 8th and 9th sternum
D 7th sternum only

The correct answer is:
7th, 8th and 9th sternum

Solution:
All part of the female reproductive systems is confined to the abdomen region. These include a pair of ovaries, a pair of oviducts, spermathecae, collateral glands, genital pouch and external genitalia. Genital pouch is also known as a brood pouch. It is formed by contribution of 7th, 8th and 9th sternum. 7th sternum is large and boat shaped. The pouch is divided into two parts: small anterior and large posterior. Small anterior is known as genital atrium and large is vestibulum.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Brown algae vary in colour from olive green to various shades of brown depending upon the amount of the xanthophyll pigment:

Options:
A Fucoxanthin
B Phycobilin
C Carotenoid
D Phycoerythrin

The correct answer is:
Fucoxanthin

Solution:
The members of Phaeophyceae or brown algae possess chlorophyll a, c, carotenoids and xanthophylls. They vary in colour from olive green to various shades of brown depending upon the amount of the xanthophyll pigment, fucoxanthin present in them. Food is stored as complex carbohydrates, which may be in the form of laminarin or mannitol.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Bryophytes comprise of

Options:
A a sporophyte which is of longer duration.
B a dominant phase of sporophyte which is parasitic
C a dominant phase of gametophyte which produces spores.
D a small sporophyte phase which is generally parasitic on the gametophyte.

The correct answer is:
a small sporophyte phase which is generally parasitic on the gametophyte.

Solution:
In Bryophytes, sporophyte is never independent but is parasitic over gametophytic plant either partially for water and mineral supply or wholly for organic food.
The sporophyte is not free-living but attached to the photosynthetic gametophyte and derives nourishment from it. Some cells of the sporophyte undergo reduction division (meiosis) to produce haploid spores. These spores germinate to produce gametophyte.
A dominant, independent, photosynthetic, thalloid or erect phase is represented by a haploid gametophyte and it alternates with the shortlived multicelluler sporophyte totally or partially dependent on the gametophyte for its anchorage and nutrition. All bryophytes represent this pattern.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Bryophytes differ from Pteridophytes in

Options:
A Swimming antherozoids
B An independent gametophyte
C Archegonia
D Lack of vascular tissue

The correct answer is:
Lack of vascular tissue

Solution:
In Bryophytes, the vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) are absent. Water and nutrients enter the cell by diffusion, whereas in Pteridophytes, the vascular tissue is present consisting of xylem (without true vessels) and phloem (without companion cells).

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Bt cotton is not:

Options:
A A GM plant
B Insect-resistant
C A bacterial gene expressing system
D Resistant to all pesticides

The correct answer is:
Resistant to all pesticides

Solution:
Bt cotton is not resistant to all pesticides.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Bt cotton variety that was developed by the introduction of toxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is resistant to

Options:
A Fungal diseases
B Plant nematodes
C Insect predators
D Insect pests

The correct answer is:
Insect pests

Solution:
Bt toxin is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis has been cloned in bacteria and been expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides in effect creating a biopesticide. Examples are Bt cotton, corn, rice, tomato, potato, soybean, etc. Specific Bt toxin genes were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into several crop plants such as cotton. The choice of a gene depends on the crop and the pest as most Bt toxins are insect group-specific. This toxin is encoded by a gene named cry. These genes are effective against various types of insects e.g., Lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm), Coleopterans (beetles), and dipterans (flies and mosquitoes). There are a number of such genes, for instance, the proteins encoded by gene cryIAc and cryIIAb controls cotton bollworm that of cryIAb corn borer.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET, NEET 2020 (Phase 1)
Bt toxin is a

Options:
A crystalline, proteinaceous, insecticidal ß-endotoxin
B amorphous, proteinaceous, insecticidal δ-endotoxin
C crystalline, proteinaceous, insecticidal δ-endotoxin
D amorphous, proteinaceous, insecticidal ß-endotoxin

The correct answer is:
crystalline, proteinaceous, insecticidal δ-endotoxin

Solution:
Bacillus thuringensis is a bacteria having the capacity to produce an insecticidal protein called Bt toxin, which is crystalline, proteinaceous, insecticidal Î´-endotoxin. This toxin is produced in the inactive form by the cry gene found in the bacterial genome. There are a number of them. cryIAc and cryIIAb control the cotton bollworm and cryIAb controls corn borer. These proteins are produced in inactive form so that the bacteria is not affected by it. When this protein comes in contact with the digestive juices of the gut of the insect, it becomes active. The activated protein bind to the surface of epithelial cells of midgut and create pores. These causes swelling and lysis of cells leading to death of the insect.
Thermus aquaticus is useful to obtain the Taq polymerase and E. coli is a prototype prokaryotic organism used for genetic studies. Streptomyces griseus is providing the antibiotic streptomycin.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Bt toxin is produced by a bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt for short). These Bt toxin crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein. The toxin is coded by a gene named cry which has many variants. Which one from the following produces a toxin that controls corn borer?

Options:
A cryIAc
B cryIAb
C cryIIAb
D Both (A) and (C)

The correct answer is:
cryIAb

Solution:
Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a soil-dwelling bacterium, commonly used as a biological pesticide. Many Bt strains produce crystal proteins that have insecticidal action. B.thuringiensis forms crystal proteins or Cry proteins, which are encoded by cry genes. The cry genes are mostly located on a plasmid. There are a number of them, for example, the proteins encoded by the genes cryIAc and cryIIAb control the cotton bollworms and that of cryIAb control corn borer.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Bulb B1100 Wâ250 V and bulb B2100 W â 200 V are connected across 250 V. What is potential drop across B2?

Options:
A 200Â V
B 250Â V
C 98 V
D 48Â V

The correct answer is:
98 V

Solution:
Resistance of bulb B1, R1=2502100= 625 Î©
Resistance of bulb B2, R2=2002100= 400 Î©
VR2= R2R1+R2Ã 250=400625+400Ã 250=98 V

Topic: Physics, Current Electricity, NEET
Bulk modulus of water is 2Ã109 Nm-2. The change in pressure required to increase the density of water by 0.1% is

Options:
A 2 ×109 Nm-2
B 2 ×108 Nm-2
C 2 ×106 Nm-2
D 2 ×104 Nm-2

The correct answer is:
2 ×106 Nm-2

Solution:
The density would increase by 0.1% if the volume decrease by 0.1%
∆V=K∆VV=2×109 × 0.1100=2×106 Nm-2

Topic: Physics, Mechanical Properties of Solids, NEET
Bulliform cells are found in

Options:
A Grasses - Adaxial epidermal cells of dorsiventral leaves
B Grasses - Abaxial epidermal cells of dorsiventral leaves
C Grasses - Adaxial epidermal cells of isobilateral leaves
D Grasses - Abaxial epidermal cells of isobilateral leaves

The correct answer is:
Grasses - Adaxial epidermal cells of isobilateral leaves

Solution:
In grasses, certain adaxial epidermal cells along the veins modify themselves into large, empty, colourless cells. These are called bulliform cells. When the bulliform cells in the leaves have absorbed water and are turgid, the leaf surface is exposed. When they are flaccid due to water stress, they make the leaves curl inwards to minimise water loss.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Bulliform cells are responsible for

Options:
A Protecting the plant from salt stress.
B Increased photosynthesis in monocots.
C Providing large spaces for storage of sugars.
D Inward curling of leaves in monocots.

The correct answer is:
Inward curling of leaves in monocots.

Solution:
In grasses, certain adaxial epidermal cells along the veins modify themselves into large, empty, colourless cells. These are called bulliform cells. When the bulliform cells in the leaves have absorbed water and are turgid, the leaf surface is exposed. When they are flaccid due to water stress, they make the leaves curl inwards to minimise water loss.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2024
'Bundle of His' is a part of which one of the following organs in humans?

Options:
A Heart
B Kidney
C Pancreas
D Brain

The correct answer is:
Heart

Solution:
The bundle of His, known as AV bundle (atrio ventricular bundle) is a collection of heart muscle cells specialised for electrical conduction. These specialised muscle fibres in the heart were named after the Swiss cardiologist Wilhelm His, Jr., who discovered them in 1893.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET, NEET 2011 (Screening)
Bundle sheath cells:

Options:
A are rich in PEP carboxylase
B lack RuBisCo
C lack both RuBisCO and PEP carboxylase
D are rich in RuBisCO.

The correct answer is:
are rich in RuBisCO.

Solution:
In $\mathrm{C}_4$ plants with Kranz anatomy, the mesophyll is undifferentiated and its cells occur in concentric layers around vascular bundles. The vascular bundles are surrounded by several layers of specialized large sized cells called bundle sheath cells. The $\mathrm{C}_4$ cycle involves two carboxylation reactions, one taking place in chloroplasts of mesophyll cells and another in chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells.
In $\mathrm{C}_4$ plants, the first step of carbon dioxide fixation takes place in the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells containing PEP, while bundle sheath cells contain RuBisCO.
Related Theory
The $C_4$ plants consume more energy (i.e., two additional molecules of ATP) during the fixation of carbon dioxide. The mesophyll cells of the $C_4$ plants are closely packed which provide smaller area for better utilization of the available water. This also reduces the intensity of solar radiations. This makes the $C_4$ plants better adapted to the conditions of tropical climate. They do not show photorespiration. Thus, their photosynthetic rate is quite high.
Caution
Bundle sheath cells are absent in $\mathrm{C}_3$ plants.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET, NEET 2013 (Karnataka)
But-2-yne on reductive ozonolysis produces

Options:
A butane-2,3-dione
B butanone
C propanone
D both propanone and butanone

The correct answer is:
butane-2,3-dione

Solution:
But-2-yne on reductive ozonolysis produces butane-2,3-dione.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET
Butyric acid is produced by

Options:
A Aspergillus niger
B Acetobacter aceti
C Clostridium butylicum
D Lactobacillus

The correct answer is:
Clostridium butylicum

Solution:
Aspergillus niger (a fungus) of citric acid, Acetobacter aceti (a bacterium) of acetic acid; Clostridium butylicum (a bacterium) of butyric acid and Lactobacillus (a bacterium) of lactic acid.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
By adding inert gas at a constant volume, which of the following equilibrium will not be affected?

Options:
A H2(g)+I2(g)⇄2Hl(g)
B 3H2(g)+N2(g)⇄2NH3(g)
C PCl5(g)⇄PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)
D All the above

The correct answer is:
All the above

Solution:
Adding inert gas at constant volume does not affect any equilibrium whether Δn≥0 or Δn≤0

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Equilibrium, NEET
By an angiogram, it was analyzed that there is a restriction to the flow of blood in the blood vessels. Which of the following disease can arise due to such a medical condition?

Options:
A Angina pectoris and coronary artery disease
B Heart failure and AMS
C Diabetes and arteriosclerosis
D Emphysema and atherosclerosis

The correct answer is:
Angina pectoris and coronary artery disease

Solution:
Coronary artery disease (CAD): It is often referred to as atherosclerosis. It affects the vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle. In this condition, the lumen of arteries gradually becomes narrower due to the deposits of calcium, fat, cholesterol and fibrous tissues.
Angina (or Angina pectoris): Because of insufficient blood supply to heart muscles, a symptom of acute chest pain appears indicating decreased availability of oxygen to the heart muscles. It can occur in both sexes of any age but its occurrence increases with age.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
By carrying electrolysis of which compound, pure hydrogen is obtained

Options:
A Water containing H2SO4
B Water containing NaOH
C Ba(OH)2 solution
D KOH solution

The correct answer is:
Ba(OH)2 solution

Solution:
Pure hydrogen is obtained by the electrolysis of Ba(OH)2 solution in a U- tube using nickel electrode. The gas is liberated at the cathode and is passed over heated platinum gauze to remove oxygen if present as impurity.

Topic: Chemistry, s Block Elements, NEET
By how much does the volume of a gas increase for each degree rise in temperature, according to Charles and Gay Lussac's experiments?

Options:
A 1/100 of the original volume
B 1/273.15 of the original volume
C 1/1000 of the original volume
D 1/100 of the final volume

The correct answer is:
1/273.15 of the original volume

Solution:
Charles and Gay Lussac's experiments indicated that for each degree rise in temperature, the volume of a gas increases by 1/273.15 of the original volume at 0 °C.

Topic: Chemistry, States of Matter, NEET
By identifying the shape of the potato, select the option that represents the causative agent for this condition

Options:
A Virus
B Virion
C Viroid
D Prion

The correct answer is:
Viroid

Solution:
Potato spindle tuber disease causes stunted growth of plant with malformed tubers. Some even show cracking. This disease is caused by a viroid which is a small, ssRNA molecule without any protein coat over it. Prion is a type of protein molecule which causes misfolding in other proteins.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
By looking at a plant externally can you tell whether a plant is C3 or C4?

Options:
A by looking at plant colour
B by looking number of leaf
C by looking at habitat
D not possible by looking at its external appearance

The correct answer is:
not possible by looking at its external appearance

Solution:
It is not possible to say whether the plant is C3 or C4 by looking at its external appearance.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
By looking at which internal structure of a plant can you tell whether a plant is C3 or C4?

Options:
A Kranz anatomy
B Chloroplasts
C Mitochondria
D none of the above

The correct answer is:
Kranz anatomy

Solution:
Leaves of C4 plants have Kranz anatomy, which makes them different from C3 plants

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
By mistake, an alcohol (boiling point 97°C) was mixed with a hydrocarbon (boiling point 68°C). Suggest a suitable method to separate the two compounds. Explain the reason for your choice.

Options:
A Simple distillation can be used because the two compounds have a difference of more than 20° in their boiling points and both the liquids can be distilled without any decomposition.
B Filtration, because the two compounds have different boiling points.
C Chromatography, because it can separate compounds based on their solubility.
D Decantation, because the two compounds have different densities.

The correct answer is:
Simple distillation can be used because the two compounds have a difference of more than 20° in their boiling points and both the liquids can be distilled without any decomposition.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
Simple distillation can be used because the two compounds have a difference of more than 20° in their boiling points and both the liquids can be distilled without any decomposition.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET