datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Study the following columns and choose the correct option.

Column-I	Column- II

(A)	Population	(1)	Part of the earth consisting of all the ecosystems of the world

(B)	Community	(2)	assemblage of all the individuals belonging to different species occurring in an area

(C)	Ecosystem	(3)	Group of similar individuals belonging to the same species found in an area

(D)	Ecosphere	(4)	Interaction between the living organisms and their physical environment components

(5)	Classification of organisms based on the type of environment

Options:
A A B C D 1 4 5 3
B A B C D 5 2 3 4
C A B C D 2 3 5 1
D A B C D 3 2 4 1

The correct answer is:
A B C D 3 2 4 1

Solution:
Ecology is basically concerned with four levels of biological organization â organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biomes.
A population is a group of similar individuals in a particular geographical area or space. Community is the assemblage of interdependent and interacting populations of different species present in an area. The ecosystem is the sum of the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components of a particular geographical area. The biosphere also called the ecosphere or giant ecosystem is the largest and nearly self-sufficient biological system. It is formed of all the ecosystems of the world. It is also called the "life-supporting zone" of the earth.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Study the following columns and choose the correct option.

Column-I	Column-II

(A)	Oxygen-evolving complex	(1)	Ribulose Bisphosphate

(B)	Proton gradient	(2)	High oxygen concentration

(C)	Calvin Cycle	(3)	ATP synthesis

(D)	Photorespiration	(4)	Pheophytin

(5)	Photolysis of water

Options:
A A-5, B- 3, C- 1, D-2
B A-3, B- 1, C- 5, D-2
C A-5, B- 2, C- 3, D-1
D A-5, B- 3, C- 2, D-1

The correct answer is:
A-5, B- 3, C- 1, D-2

Solution:
The oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), also known as the water-splitting complex, is a water-oxidizing enzyme involved in the photo-oxidation of water during the light reactions of photosynthesis

The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis pump protons into the thylakoid lumen of chloroplasts to drive the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase. The proton gradient can be generated through either noncyclic or cyclic photophosphorylation.

Calvin cycle is the second step of photosynthesis. It is a reaction that converts carbon dioxide into glucose. The reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes. There are three phases to the light-independent reactions, collectively called the Calvin cycle. Ribulose Bisphosphate acts as primary carbon dioxide acceptor.

Photorespiration is the light-dependent evolution of CO2. The photorespiratory pathway is initiated by the fixation of O2 by Rubisco producing phosphoglycolate, which is metabolized in the photorespiratory pathway to form CO2 and NH3.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Study the following columns

Column-I	Column- II

(A) Devoid of flagella	(1) Single spherical bacterium

(B) Rod shaped	(2) Pneumonia causing bacteria

(C) Bacteria in pairs	(3) Anthrax causing bacteria

(D) Comma shaped	(4) Cholera causing bacteria

(5) Pleiomorphic bacteria

Options:
A A B C D 1 2 3 4
B A B C D 5 4 2 4
C A B C D 1 3 2 4
D A B C D 5 1 2 4

The correct answer is:
A B C D 1 3 2 4

Solution:
Column I	Column II

Devoid of flagella	Single spherical bacterium

Rod-shaped	Anthrax causing bacterium

Bacteria in pairs	Pneumonia causing bacterium

Comma shaped	Cholera causing bacterium

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Study the following graph of the concept of activation energy given below. Select the correct option for stages labeled A to D.

Options:
A

A	B	C	D

Transition state	Potential energy	Activation energy without enzyme	Activation energy withenzyme

B

A	B	C	D
Kinetic energy	Potential energy	Activation energy without enzyme	Activation energy withenzyme

C

A	B	C	D
Potential energy	Transition state	Activation energy without enzyme	Activation energy withenzyme

D

A	B	C	D
Potential energy	Transition state	Activation energy without enzyme	Activation energy withenzyme

The correct answer is:

A	B	C	D

Transition state	Potential energy	Activation energy without enzyme	Activation energy withenzyme

Solution:
In the absence of enzyme the rate of enzymatic reaction very slow and also needed more activation energy, the condition is just opposite in the presence of enzyme.
The dot line represents the transition of reactant and product.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Study the following statements and choose the correct answer:

I. Cross-pollinating flowers have extrorse anthers.
II. Samara is a type of fleshy fruit.
III. Marginal placentation has a monocarpellary, unilocular ovary.
IV. Opposite phyllotaxy is seen in guava.

Options:
A II and IV are correct but I and III are wrong
B II and I are correct but III and IV are wrong
C I, II, and IV are correct but III is wrong
D I, III, and IV are correct but II is wrong

The correct answer is:
I, III, and IV are correct but II is wrong

Solution:
Extrorse anther dehiscence is an adaptation to facilitate the cross-pollination. Marginal Placentation is Monocarpellary unilocular ovary bears single longitudinal ovule containing placenta, that arises along the junction of two fused margins. Opposite phyllotaxy is two leaves are borne on each node lying always opposite to each other, example: Guava.

Samara is a type of Dry indehiscent fruit. Its pericarp becomes membraneous and flat like wings that help in dispersal.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Study the following statements regarding mitochondria and select the incorrect ones.

(i) The matrix contains single circular ssDNA molecule, a few RNA molecules, 70s ribosomes

(ii) Mitochondria divide by fission

(iii) Mitochondria bear cisternae

(iv) These are the sites of aerobic respiration

Options:
A i and ii
B ii and iii
C i and iii
D ii and iv

The correct answer is:
i and iii

Solution:
Mitochondria is an important organelle in the eukaryotic cell as it the centre for conducting aerobic respiration. It is semi autonomous having its own circular dsDNA with ribosome and RNA molecule for protein synthesis. The inner membrane of mitochondria is internally looped to form cristae. The mitochondria can replicate itself and increase the copies via fission process similar to the prokaryotic one.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Study the following statements regarding the chemiosmotic hypothesis in mitochondria and select the CORRECT ones

(i) F1 headpiece contains the site for the synthesis of ATP from ADP + Pi.
(ii) F0 part forms the channel through which protons crosses the inner membrane.
(iii) For each ATP produced, 2H+ pass through F0 from the intermembrane space to the matrix down the electrochemical proton gradient.

Options:
A (i) and (ii) only
B (ii) and (iii) only
C (i) and (iii) only
D (i), (ii) and (iii)

The correct answer is:
(i), (ii) and (iii)

Solution:
Chemiosmotic hypothesis was proposed by Peter Mitchell. According to the hypothesis which occurs in the mitochondria, ATP formation is a result of proton motive force that is generated due to the redox reactions taking place in the electron transport chain. Protons are pumped in the intermembrane space as electrons are passed through the electron transport chain in the cristae of mitochondria. Proton gradient is created across the matrix and intermembrane space. Protons are pumped through the F1-F0 complex resulting in formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
Study the following table

Compound (mol. mass)	Mass of the compound (in gram) taken

I.	CO2(44)	4.4

II.	NO2(46)	2.3

III.	H2O2(34)	6.8

IV.	SO2(64)	1.6

Which two compounds have least mass of oxygen?

Options:
A II and IV
B I and III
C I and II
D III and IV

The correct answer is:
II and IV

Solution:
Mass of oxygen present =wt.ofCompoundMol.wt.ofcompound×32
I. Mass of oxygen present =4.444×32=3.2g
II. Mass of oxygen present =2.346×32=1.6g
III. Mass of oxygen present =6.834×32=6.4g
IV. Mass of oxygen present =1.664×32=0.8g
So II and IV have least mass of oxygen.

Topic: Chemistry, Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry, NEET
Study the following table showing the components of water potential in closely arranged mesophyll cells namely A, B and C.

Cell	Osmotic Potential (MPa)	Pressure Potential (MPa)

A	-0.21	0.05

B	-0.22	0.02

C	-0.23	0.05

Identify two of the following, which show the correct direction of water movement between two cells.
I. AâB II. BâC

III. CâA IV. CâB

Options:
A I, II
B II, III
C I, IV
D II, IV

The correct answer is:
I, IV

Solution:
Water potential in a cell is equal to algebraic sum of solute potential and pressure potential.
Î¨w = Î¨s + Î¨p
Thus,

Cell	Water Potential	DPD

A	-0.21+0.05=-0.16	+0.16

B	-0.22+0.02=-0.20	+0.20

C	-0.23+0.05=-0.18	+0.18

Water potential is equal but opposite to DPD. Water move from low DPD cell to high DPD cell.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Study the four statements (A-D) given below and select the two correct ones out of them:
A. Definition of biological species was given by Ernst Mayr.
B. Photoperiod does not affect reproduction in plants.
C. Binomial nomenclature system was given by R.H. Whittaker.
D. In unicellular organisms, reproduction is synonymous with growth.
The two correct statements are:

Options:
A B and C
B C and D
C A and D
D A and B

The correct answer is:
A and D

Solution:
Photoperiod affects reproduction in plants. Binomial nomenclature system was given by Carolus Linnaeus. R.H.Whittaker gave 5 kingdom classification. In unicellular organism, increase in size leads to cell division and to create new offspring.

Topic: Biology, The Living World, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 2)
Study the given diagram and identify A to F.

Options:
A A-variable loop, B-D-arm, C-T-loop, D-anticodon arm, E-codon, F- variable arm
B A-amino acid arm, B-T-loop, C-T-variable arm, D-anticodon arm, E-codon, F- D-loop
C A-amino acid arm, B-T-loop, C-anticodon loop, D-anticodon, E-codon, F- D-loop
D A-amino acid arm, B-T-loop, C-T-variable arm, D-anticodon arm, E-codon, F- variable arm

The correct answer is:
A-amino acid arm, B-T-loop, C-anticodon loop, D-anticodon, E-codon, F- D-loop

Solution:
The given structure is the clover leaf model of tRNA which is a adapter molecule that reads the code and binds to the specific amino acids also. It has an anticodon loop ('C') that has the bases complementary to the DNA code. It has an amino acid receptor ('A') end where amino acids bind. 'B' is the T loop and 'F' is the D loop. 'E' represents the codon sequence and 'D' is the anticodon sequence.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Study the given figure and select the wrong statement.

Options:
A They have two flagella, a short and a long one.
B They have a protein rich layer called pellicle.
C Majority of them are freshwater organisms found in stagnant water.
D Cell wall is present in them.

The correct answer is:
Cell wall is present in them.

Solution:
Instead of a cell wall, euglenoids have a protein rich layer called pellicle which makes their body flexible.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Study the given pedigree chart for sickle-cell anaemia and select the most appropriate option for the genotypes of parents, 1st child and 3rd child in F1 generation respectively.

Options:
A HbAHbS, HbAHbAHbAHbA, HbAHbS
B HbAHbS, HbAHbSHbAHbA, HbAHbA
C HbAHbA, HbAHbSHbAHbA, HbSHbS
D HbAHbS, HbAHbSHbAHbS, HbSHbS

The correct answer is:
HbAHbS, HbAHbSHbAHbS, HbSHbS

Solution:
Pedigree analysis provides information regarding inheritance of particular traits or diseases and using it we can predict the possibility of appearance of any traits in the new generation. In the given chart, both son and daughter have the recessive trait suggesting it to an autosomal inheritance and not sex-linked. Since, it is not expressed in any of the parent but expressed in the children, the trait is recessive.
Since parents are showing the recessive trait, they are heterozygous having the genotype - HbAHbS for both parents. First child (female) is not affected but one of her son is suggesting that she is carrier with the genotye HbAHbS same as her parents. Also, her husband is not affected suggesting that he is a carrier as well. The third child of the parent is an affected son having the diseases sickle cell anemia. His genotype will be HbSHbS .

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Study the given reactions and identify the process which is carried out.

Options:
A It is used for purification of aldehydes and ketones
B It is used to distinguish aldehydes and ketones
C It is used to prepare cyclic aldehydes and ketones
D It is used to study polar nature of aldehydes and ketones

The correct answer is:
It is used for purification of aldehydes and ketones

Solution:
Aldehydes and ketones form insoluble crystalline compounds with NaHSO3 which can be filtered. These on distillation with saturated solution of Na2CO3 again give the aldehydes and ketones.

Topic: Chemistry, Aldehydes and Ketones, NEET
Study the graph given below and choose the option that is correctly describing the relationship between dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD):

Options:
A

DOâ3BOD

B

DOâ2BOD

C

DOâ 1 BOD

D

DO∝BOD

The correct answer is:

DOâ 1 BOD

Solution:
Biochemical oxygen demand or B.O.D is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period.

DO (dissolved oxygen) is the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water. When BOD is high, it means there’s a lot of organic contaminant in the water, and the microbes are working overtime to break it down. They use up oxygen while doing this, so when BOD is high, DO is low.

When the microbes finish breaking down the organic contaminants, their numbers drop from lack of food (a lower BOD). DO usually go back up again.

High BOD would cause high mortality rate among aquatic animals. The excessive of nutrients would facilitate algal growth causing algal bloom.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
Study the mRNA segment given above, which is to be completely translated into a polypeptide chain.
The codons for ‘a’ and ‘b’ are:

Options:
A a-UAA
b-UGA
B a-AUG
b-UUU
C a-AUG
b-UAG
D a-UAG
b-UGA

The correct answer is:
a-AUG
b-UAG

Solution:
The start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome. The start codon always codes for methionine in eukaryotes and a modified Met (fMet) in prokaryotes. The most common start codon is AUG.
A stop codon (or termination codon) is a nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA that signals a termination of translation. The stop codons do not have amino acids. In RNA, the three termination codons are UAG ("amber"), UAA ("ochre"), and UGA ("opal").

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Study the pedigree chart given below
What does it show?

Options:
A Inheritance of a sex-linked inborn error of metabolism like phenylketonuria
B Inheritance of a condition like phenylketonuria as an autosomal recessive trait
C The pedigree chart is wrong as this is not possible
D Inheritance of a recessive sex-linked disease like haemophilia

The correct answer is:
Inheritance of a condition like phenylketonuria as an autosomal recessive trait

Solution:
In the given pedigree chart, squares are representing males and circles females. In $\mathbf{F}_1$ generation, 1-male and 1-female are diseased and in next generation only male is diseased. This shows the inheritance of a recessive sex-linked disease.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Study the pedigree chart given below.

What does it show?

Options:
A Inheritance of a condition like phenylketonuria as an autosomal recessive trait.
B The pedigree chart is wrong as this is not possible.
C Inheritance of a recessive sex-linked disease like haemophilia.
D Inheritance of a sex-linked inborn error of metabolism like phenylketonuria.

The correct answer is:
Inheritance of a condition like phenylketonuria as an autosomal recessive trait.

Solution:
The chart shows the inheritance of a condition like phenylketonuria as an autosomal recessive trait. Parents need to be heterozygous as two of their children are known to be sufferers of the disease. It cannot be recessive sex-linked inheritance because then the male parent would also have to be a sufferer.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Study the reaction given below

CO 2 +H 2 O ⇌  Enzyme H 2 CO 3

​In the absence of any enzyme, this reaction is very slow, with 200 molecules of H2CO3 formed in an hour. In the presence of an enzyme, the reaction speeds dramatically with about 600,000 molecules formed very second. Name the enzyme which has accelerated the reaction by 10 million times.

Options:
A Ribozyme
B Carbonic anhydrase
C Catalase
D Peroxidase

The correct answer is:
Carbonic anhydrase

Solution:
The reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase is:
CO 2 + H 2 O ⇌ carbonic anhydrase H 2 CO 3
In the absence of any enzyme this reaction is very slow, with about 200 molecules of H2CO3 being formed in an hour. However, by using the enzyme present within the cytoplasm called carbonic anhydrase, the reaction speeds dramatically with about 600,000 molecules being formed every second. The enzyme has accelerated the reaction rate by about 10 million times.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Substance used for bringing down temperature in high fever is called

Options:
A pyretics
B antipyretics
C antibiotics
D antiseptics

The correct answer is:
antipyretics

Solution:
It is antipyretic i.e., a drug which is responsible for lowering the temperature of feverish organism to normal.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET
Substance 'X' is the charged molecule of small molecular weight. It is found at higher concentrations outside of cells than inside. How can substance 'X' enter the cells?

Options:
A Active transport
B Diffusion through a channel
C Diffusion through lipid bilayer
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Diffusion through a channel

Solution:
The net movement of material from an area of high concentration of the substance to an area with a low concentration of the substance is called diffusion. So the concentration of the substance is higher at the outside than inside so the movement of molecules occurs from higher to lower concentration through a channel. There is no involvement of ATP during this process so it is not active transport.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Substances which originate at the tip of the stem and control growth elsewhere are

Options:
A Food material
B Auxins or hormones
C Vitamins
D Enzymes

The correct answer is:
Auxins or hormones

Solution:
Hormones are secreted by cells in one part of the plant and produce their effect in other part of the plant.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET
Substrate and product are stable states in any enzyme-catalysed reaction. The transitional states between the stable substrate and the product in the reaction are

Options:
A stable
B unstable
C metastable
D of higher energy than both substrate and product

The correct answer is:
unstable

Solution:
Each enzyme has a substrate-binding site in its molecule so that a highly reactive enzyme-substrate complex is produced. This complex is short live and unstable and dissociates into its product and the unchanged enzyme with an intermediate formation of the enzyme product complex (EP).

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Substrate level phosphorylation occurs during which step of Krebs' cycle?

Options:
A Succinyl-CoA â Succinic acid
B Isocitric acid â Oxalosuccinic acid
C Oxalosuccinic acid â ketoglutaric acid
D Malic acid â OAA

The correct answer is:
Succinyl-CoA â Succinic acid

Solution:
Succinyl co-A (4C) undergoes hydration (addition of water) to form Succinic acid (4C) in the presence of enzyme Succinyl thiokinase. The energy liberated in this reaction is used to combine GDP & iP to form GTP (Guanosine triphosphate). GTP is relatively unstable and is soon transformed to ATP using ADP. Thus ATP is generated by substrate level phosphorylation (without ETS)

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
Substrate level phosphorylation occurs during

Options:
A Citric acid → alpha-ketoglutaric acid
B Malic acid → oxalo-acetic acid
C alpha-ketoglutaric acid → Succinyl Co A
D Succinyl-Co A → Succinic acid

The correct answer is:
Succinyl-Co A → Succinic acid

Solution:
In the TCA cycle, oxaloacetic acid along with water undergoes condensation to form citric acid in the presence of citrate synthase which is then followed by its isomerization into isocitrate. This further undergoes decarboxylation twice to form alpha-ketoglutaric acid and then succinyl-CoA. Succinyl- CoA is then converted to succinic acid and a molecule of GTP is released. This forms the substrate level of phosphorylation.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
Subterranean cleistogamous flower is formed in:

Options:
A Viola
B Ficus
C Oxalis
D Commelina

The correct answer is:
Commelina

Solution:
In Commelina, 2 types of flowers are produced, a chasmogamous flower which opens up and cleistogamous flower which does not open up, these flowers are present below the soil.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Succession is:

Options:
A Gradual convergent directional and continuous process
B Series of biotic communities that appear gradualy in a baren area
C Orderly process of community change till stability
D All of the given options

The correct answer is:
All of the given options

Solution:
The gradual and fairly predictable change in the species composition of a given area is called ecological succession. During succession some species colonise an area and their population become more numerous whereas populations of other species decline and even disappear.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Succession proceeds from

Options:
A xeric to mesic conditions
B hydric to mesic conditions
C mesic to xeric conditions
D more than one option is correct

The correct answer is:
more than one option is correct

Solution:
The ultimate aim of succession is to bring not too dry and not too wet conditions. Mesic condition allows the flourishment of a particular type of vegetation. Dry and wet condition to a favourable condition allowing the growth of the climax community. Thus, achieving a mesic condition from both dry or wet communities are possible.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Succus entericus is made of

Options:
A enzymes
B mucus
C enzymes and mucus
D enzymes, hormones and mucous

The correct answer is:
enzymes and mucus

Solution:
Succus entericus is intestinal juice secreted by the duodenum. This contains many enzymes like maltase, sucrase, nucleotidases, nucleosidases, dipeptidases, lipases, etc. It also contains mucus. Food when enters the duodenum is first acted upon by pancreatic juice and then by intestinal juice. This also contains enterokinase which activates enzymes of pancreatic juice especially trypsinogen.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
Succus entericus is referred to as:

Options:
A Pancreatic juice
B Intestinal juice
C Gastric juice
D Chyme

The correct answer is:
Intestinal juice

Solution:
The word "entero" is related to the intestine. Succus entericus also called intestinal juice is a fluid secreted in the small intestine in small quantities. Succus entericus is the alkaline secretion produced by glands in the duodenum wall, which consists of water, mucoproteins, and carbonate hydrogen ions.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET, NEET 2021