datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Nissl's granules are located in:

Options:
A Cyton and Dendrites
B Dendrites and Axon
C Axon and Cyton
D Axon and Axon terminal

The correct answer is:
Cyton and Dendrites

Solution:
A typical neuron consists of 3 major parts:
A. Cell body or cyton - It contains cytoplasm, typical cell organelles and Nissl's granules (granular bodies).
B. Dendrites - These are short fibres arising from the cell body and branching repeatedly. These also possess Nissl's granules. These fibres transmit impulses towards the cell body.
C. Axon -It is a long fibre which is branched at its distal end. Each branch ends into a bulb-like structure, which is termed as synaptic knob. Synaptic knob has synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Nitrate formation by the following reaction is accomplished by

Options:
A Nitrococcus
B Nitrosomonas
C Nitrobacter
D Thiobacillus or Pseudomonas

The correct answer is:
Nitrobacter

Solution:
The reaction is oxidation of nitrite into nitrate. This reaction is catalysed by the bacteria Nitrobacter. Nitrosomonas and Nitrococcus are responsible for the Ammonia to nitrite. Thiobacillus and Pseudomonas is responsible denitrification.

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET
Nitrates and phosphates flowing from agricultural farms into water bodies are a significant cause of :

Options:
A Mineralisation
B Stratification
C Eutrophication
D Humification

The correct answer is:
Eutrophication

Solution:
Flowing of nitrates and phosphates from agricultural farms into water bodies cause eutrophication. Humification is the process of decomposition of detritus to form humus.
Mineralisation is the release of inorganic substances from detritus during decomposition.
Stratification is vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in an ecosystem .

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET, NEET 2023 (Manipur)
Nitrating mixture is

Options:
A Fuming nitric acid
B mixture of conc. H2SO4 and conc. HNO3
C Mixture of nitric acid and anhydrous zinc chloride
D None of these

The correct answer is:
mixture of conc. H2SO4 and conc. HNO3

Solution:
The mixture of conc. H2SO4 and conc. HNO3 is called nitrating mixture. It is used in the nitration of aryl compounds.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET
Nitration is an example of aromatic electrophilic substitution and its rate depends upon the group already present in the benzene ring. Out of benzene and phenol, which one is more easily nitrated and why?

Options:
A Benzene is more easily nitrated because it lacks any substituent groups that could hinder the reaction.
B Phenol is less easily nitrated because the hydroxyl (-OH) group in phenol activates the benzene ring, making it more susceptible to electrophilic attack.
C Benzene is more easily nitrated because the hydroxyl (-OH) group in phenol deactivates the benzene ring, reducing its reactivity.
D Phenol is more easily nitrated than benzene as the presence of OH group in phenol increases the electron density at ortho and para positions in the benzene ring by +R effect. The nitration, being an electrophilic substitution reaction, is more facile where the electron density is more.

The correct answer is:
Phenol is more easily nitrated than benzene as the presence of OH group in phenol increases the electron density at ortho and para positions in the benzene ring by +R effect. The nitration, being an electrophilic substitution reaction, is more facile where the electron density is more.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (D)
Phenol is more easily nitrated than benzene as the presence of OH group in phenol increases the electron density at ortho and para positions in the benzene ring by +R effect. The nitration, being an electrophilic substitution reaction, is more facile where the electron density is more.

Topic: Chemistry, Alcohols Phenols and Ethers, NEET
Nitration of aniline also gives m- nitroaniline along with o- nitro and p- nitroaniline, in strong acidic medium because

Options:
A In electrophilic substitution reaction amino group is meta directive
B Strong acid, gives nitrate anion, which attacks at m- position
C In strong acidic medium aniline present as anilinium ion
D In strong acidic medium, nitration of aniline is a nucleophic substitution reaction

The correct answer is:
In strong acidic medium aniline present as anilinium ion

Solution:
The reason for this is that, in acidic condition protonation of -NH2 group gives anilinium ion − N ⊕ H 3 , which is of deactivating nature and of m-directive nature.

Topic: Chemistry, Amines, NEET
Nitration of aniline in strong acidic medium also gives m-nitroaniline because:

Options:
A In absence of substituents nitro group always goes to m-position.
B In electrophilic substitution reactions amino group is meta directive.
C In spite of substituents nitro group always goes to only m-position.
D In acidic (strong) medium aniline is present as anilinium ion.

The correct answer is:
In acidic (strong) medium aniline is present as anilinium ion.

Solution:
In acidic medium aniline is protonated to form anilinium ion which is metadirecting (due to +I effect).

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET, NEET 2018
Nitric oxide reacts with \(\mathrm{Br} 2\) and gives nitrosyl bromide as per reaction given below:
\(2 N O(g)+B r 2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2 N O B r(g)\)
When \(0.087 \mathrm{~mol}\) of \(\mathrm{NO}\) and \(0.0437 \mathrm{~mol}\) of \(\mathrm{Br} 2\) are mixed in a closed container at constant temperature, \(0.0518 \mathrm{~mol}\) of \(\mathrm{NOBr}\) is obtained at equilibrium. Calculate equilibrium amount of \(\mathrm{NO}\) and \(\mathrm{Br} 2\).

Options:
A \(0.087 \mathrm{~mol~} \mathrm{NO}, 0.0437 \mathrm{~mol~} \mathrm{Br} 2\)
B \(0.0352 \mathrm{~mol~} \mathrm{NO}, 0.0086 \mathrm{~mol~} \mathrm{Br} 2\)
C \(0.0352 \mathrm{~mol~} \mathrm{NO}, 0.0352 \mathrm{~mol~} \mathrm{Br} 2\)
D \(0.0518 \mathrm{~mol~} \mathrm{NO}, 0.0518 \mathrm{~mol~} \mathrm{Br} 2\)

The correct answer is:
\(0.0518 \mathrm{~mol~} \mathrm{NO}, 0.0518 \mathrm{~mol~} \mathrm{Br} 2\)

Solution:
Correct Option is : (D)
\(0.0518 \mathrm{~mol~} \mathrm{NO}, 0.0518 \mathrm{~mol~} \mathrm{Br} 2\)

Topic: Chemistry, Ionic Equilibrium, NEET
Nitrifying bacteria

Options:
A convert free nitrogen to nitrogen compounds
B convert proteins into ammonia
C reduce nitrates to free nitrogen
D oxidize ammonia to nitrates

The correct answer is:
oxidize ammonia to nitrates

Solution:
Nitrifying bacteria (one of the chemosynthetic bacteria) oxidise ammonia to nitrites and obtain energy for the preparation of food. This oxidation occurs in two steps. In the first step, ammonia is oxidised to nitrite by nitrite bacteria (e.g., Nitrosomonas and Nitrocaccus). In the second step, nitrite is oxidised to nitrate by nitrate bacteria (e.g., Nitrocystis and Nitrobacter).

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET, NEET 2011 (Screening)
Nitrifying bacteria

Options:
A Convert free nitrogen to nitrogen compounds
B Convert proteins into ammonia
C Reduce nitrates to free nitrogen
D Oxidize ammonia to nitrates

The correct answer is:
Oxidize ammonia to nitrates

Solution:
Nitrifying bacteria (one of the chemosynthetic bacteria) oxidise ammonia to nitrites and obtain energy for the preparation of food. This oxidation occurs in two steps. In the first step, ammonia is oxidised to nitrite by nitrite bacteria (e.g., Nitrosomonas and Nitrococcus). In the second step, nitrite is oxidised to nitrate by nitrate bacteria (e.g., Nitrocystis and Nitrobacter).

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET
Nitrobacter

Options:
A oxidise nitrite
B oxidise nitrate
C reduce nitrite
D reduce nitrate

The correct answer is:
oxidise nitrite

Solution:
Nitrobacter is a nitrifying bacteria that use inorganic chemicals as an energy source. They are microorganisms that are important in the nitrogen cycle as converters of soil ammonia to nitrates. This involves two distinct groups of bacteria one (Nitrosomonas) which converts ammonia to nitrites and other (Nitrobacter) that convert nitrites to nitrates.

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET
Nitrobenzene can be prepared from benzene by using a mixture of conc. HNO3 and conc. H2SO4 . In the nitrating mixture HNO3 acts as a

Options:
A Base
B Acid
C Reducing agent
D Catalyst

The correct answer is:
Base

Solution:
H2SO4→HSO4-+H+
H++HO-NO2→[H2O+-NO2]→H2O+NO2+ ,
Therefore option A is correct.

Topic: Chemistry, Amines, NEET
Nitrobenzene can be prepared from benzene by using a mixutre of conc $\mathrm{HNO}_3$ and conc. $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$. In the mixture, nitric acid acts as a/an :

Options:
A reducing agent
B acid
C base
D catalyst

The correct answer is:
base

Solution:
Key Idea Proton donor are acids and proton acceptor are bases.
Conc. $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$ and conc. $\mathrm{HNO}_3$ react in the following manner :
$$
\begin{aligned}
& \underset{\text { base }}{\mathrm{HNO}_3}+\underset{\text { acid }}{\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4} \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{NO}_3^{+}+\mathrm{HSO}_4^{-} \\
& \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{NO}_3^{+} \longrightarrow \underset{\substack{\text { nitronium } \\
\text { ion }}}{\mathrm{NO}_2^{+}}+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} \\
&
\end{aligned}
$$
Hence, in this reaction $\mathrm{HNO}_3$ acts as a base and $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$ as an acid.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Nitrobenzene on reaction with conc. HNO3/H2SO4 at 80-100°C forms which of the following products?

Options:
A 1,2 dinitrobenzene
B 1,3 dinitrobenzene
C 1,4 dinitrobenzene
D 1,2,4 trinitrobenzene

The correct answer is:
1,3 dinitrobenzene

Solution:
Nitrobenzene on reaction with conc. HNO3/H2SO4 at 80-100°C forms 1,3 dinitrobenzene as - NO2 group is ring deactivating and meta directing.

Topic: Chemistry, Amines, NEET
Nitrobenzene on reaction with conc. $\mathrm{HNO}_3 / \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$ at $80-100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ forms which one of the following products?

Options:
A 1,2-dinitrobenzene
B 1,3-dinitrobenzene
C 1,4-dinitrobenzene
D 1,2,4-trinitrobenzene

The correct answer is:
1,3-dinitrobenzene

Solution:
$\mathrm{NO}_2$ group being electron withdrawing reduces electron density at output positions. Hence, now the meta-position becomes electron rich on which the electrophile (nitronium ion) attacks during nitration.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)
Nitrogen detection in an organic compound is carried out by Lassaigne's test. The blue colour formed corresponds to which of the following formulae?

Options:
A $\mathrm{Fe}_3\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_6\right]_2$
B $\mathrm{Fe}_4\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_6\right]_3$
C $\mathrm{Fe}_4\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_6\right]_2$
D $\mathrm{Fe}_3\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_6\right]_3$

The correct answer is:
$\mathrm{Fe}_4\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_6\right]_3$

Solution:
$\underset{\text{Sodium ferrocyanide}}{3 \mathrm{Na}_4\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_6\right]}+2 \mathrm{Fe}_2\left(\mathrm{SO}_4\right)_3 \rightarrow \underset{\substack{\text{Ferric ferrocyanide} \ \text{(Prussian blue)} }}{\mathrm{Fe}_4\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_6\right]_3}+\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET, NEET 2013 (Karnataka)
Nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide have some properties in common. Which property is shown by one of these compounds, but not by the other?

Options:
A Forms 'acid-rain'
B Is a reducing agent
C Is soluble in water
D Is used as a food-preservative

The correct answer is:
Is used as a food-preservative

Solution:
SO2 is used as food preservative
NO2 is not used as food preservative

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 1)
Nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide have some properties in common. Which property is shown by one of these compounds, but not by the other?

Options:
A forms 'acid-rain'
B is a reducing agent
C is used as a food-preservative
D is soluble in water

The correct answer is:
is used as a food-preservative

Solution:
NO2 is not used as food preservative. In rest other properties given here both are similar.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET
Nitrogen exists as a diatomic molecule and phosphorus as P4. Why?

Options:
A Nitrogen has a higher atomic number than phosphorus.
B Nitrogen forms stronger covalent bonds.
C Phosphorus atoms have a higher tendency to bond with each other.
D Phosphorus has a higher atomic radius than nitrogen.

The correct answer is:
Phosphorus atoms have a higher tendency to bond with each other.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (C)
Phosphorus atoms have a higher tendency to bond with each other.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 13 & 14), NEET
Nitrogen forms N2 , but phosphorus is converted into P4 from P, the reason is

Options:
A Triple bond is present between phosphorus atom
B pÏâpÏ bonding is strong in nitrogen
C pÏâpÏ bonding is weak in nitrogen
D Multiple bond is formed easily

The correct answer is:
pπ−pπ bonding is strong in nitrogen

Solution:
Nitrogen form N2 (i.e. N≡N ) but phosphorus form P4 , because in P2 , pπ−pπ bonding is present which is a weaker bonding.
Nitrogen is smaller in size hence it forms multiple bond with other nitrogen atom ( N≡N )
Nitrogen has unique ability to form pπ−pπ multiple bonds with itself and with other elements having small size and high electron negativity.
However heavier elements of this group do not form pπ−pπ bonds as their atomic orbitals are so large and diffuse that they cannot have effective overlapping. Thus nitrogen exist as diatomic molecule with a triple bonds.
The single P - P bond is stronger and has higher catenation tendency

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET
Nitrogen laser produces a radiation at a wavelength of 337.1 nm. If the number of photons emitted is 5.6 × 1024, what is the power of this laser?

Options:
A 4.2 × 106J/s
B 3.3 × 106J/s
C 2.6 × 106J/s
D 5.0 × 106J/s

The correct answer is:
3.3 × 106J/s

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
3.3 × 106J/s

Topic: Chemistry, Structure of Atom, NEET
Nitrogenase is an enzyme used in:

Options:
A Respiration
B Nitrogen oxidation
C Nitrogen reduction
D Both (B) and (C)

The correct answer is:
Nitrogen reduction

Solution:
The enzyme, nitrogenase which is capable of nitrogen reduction is present exclusively in prokaryotes. Such microbes are called N2- fixers.

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET
Nitrogen-fixation in root nodules of Alnus is brought about by

Options:
A Bradyrhizobium
B Clostridium
C Frankia
D Azorhizobium

The correct answer is:
Frankia

Solution:
Nitrogen is the most critical element. Atmosphere is the greatest reservior of nitrogen. Molecular nitrogen cannot be utilized directly by plants. It has to be fixed or converted into compounds prior to utilization. symbiotic nitrogen fixation is accomplished by Rhizobium species, which occurs on the roots of leguminous plants. Certain non-leguminous plants also form nodules to fix nitrogen. The best known example in temperate region is alder (Alnus sp.). The bacteria involved in nodule formation is an Actinomycetes, the Frankia.
Clostridium is anaerobic, saprotrophic, free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria.
Bradyrhizobium is symbiont in plants of Parasponia and soybean.
The Azorhizobium forms both stem and root nodules in Sesbania (aquatic plant).

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET, NEET 2008 (Screening)
Nitrogenous waste is excreted in the form of pellet or paste by:

Options:
A Salamandra
B Hippocampus
C Pavo
D Ornithorlnychus

The correct answer is:
Pavo

Solution:
There are three types of animals classified on the basis of excretory waste:

A. Ammonotelic animals (major excretory waste is ammonia) - Many bony fishes, aquatic amphibians, aquatic insects.

B. Ureotelic animals (major excretory waste is urea) - Marine fishes, many terrestrial amphibians (like a frog), and mammals.

C. Uricotelic animals (major excretory waste is uric acid) – Insects, land snails, reptiles, and birds.

Uric acid is water-insoluble and is excreted in the form of a white paste or powder. The production of uric acid is energetically costlier, but it includes much-reduced water loss.

Among the given examples, Pavo is the genus of birds and peacock belongs to the same genus. So, it will be releasing the nitrogenous waste in the form of pellets or paste.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 1)
Nitrosomonas and Nitrococcus are associated with which of the following reaction?

Options:
A Ammonia is oxidized to nitrite
B Nitrite is reduced to nitrate
C Nitrate is reduced to ammonia
D Nitrate is reduced to nitrogen

The correct answer is:
Ammonia is oxidized to nitrite

Solution:
In nitrification, ammonia is first converted to nitrites (NO2-) and then to nitrates. The initial step of this process is carried out by Nitrosomonas, and then nitrite is oxidized to nitrate by the action of Nitrococcus.

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET
No. of atomic orbitals present in BrF5is:

Options:
A 2
B 4
C 6
D 5

The correct answer is:
6

Solution:
Correct Option is : 3
6

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET
No, of bond pairs and no. of lone pairs present in BrF5 molecule is:

Options:
A 5 and 1
B 4 and 1
C 4 and 2
D 5 and 2

The correct answer is:
5 and 1

Solution:
Correct Option is : 1
5 and 1

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET
No. of bonding pairs and no. of lone pairs present in ClF3molecule is:

Options:
A 3 and 2
B 2 and 2
C 2 and 3
D 3 and 3

The correct answer is:
3 and 2

Solution:
Correct Option is : 1
3 and 2

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET
No. of bonding pairs and no. of lone pairs present in SO2molecule is:

Options:
A 3 and 2
B 4 and 1
C 1 and 4
D 2 and 3

The correct answer is:
4 and 1

Solution:
Correct Option is : 2
4 and 1

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET
No of C-atoms in Aldotetrose:

Options:
A 8
B 2
C 6
D 4

The correct answer is:
4

Solution:
Correct Option is : 4
4

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
No of C-atoms in ketotriose:

Options:
A 3
B 4
C 5
D 6

The correct answer is:
3

Solution:
Correct Option is : 1
3

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
No of C-atoms present in the side chain of Isoleucine?

Options:
A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5

The correct answer is:
4

Solution:
Correct Option is : 3
4

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
No. of Cl atoms attached to Sp2hybridized C in DDT?

Options:
A 3
B 2
C 1
D 4

The correct answer is:
2

Solution:
Correct Option is : 2
2

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET
No. of Cl atoms attached to Sp3hybridized C in DDT?

Options:
A 1
B 2
C 0
D 3

The correct answer is:
3

Solution:
Correct Option is : 4
3

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET
No. of Cl atoms in DDT?

Options:
A 3
B 4
C 5
D 6

The correct answer is:
5

Solution:
Correct Option is : 3
5

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET
No. of electrons present in the outermost f-orbital of Plutonium?

Options:
A 4
B 6
C 5
D 7

The correct answer is:
6

Solution:
Correct Option is : 2
6

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET
No. of H atoms attached to Sp3hybridized C in DDT?

Options:
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 5

The correct answer is:
1

Solution:
Correct Option is : 1
1

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET
No. of lone pairs in central atom in HOIO2is:

Options:
A 1
B 0
C 3
D 2

The correct answer is:
2

Solution:
Correct Option is : 4
2

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET
No of lone pairs present in the central atom of O3?

Options:
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 0

The correct answer is:
1

Solution:
Correct Option is : 1
1

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET
No. of N atoms present in Arginine?

Options:
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4

The correct answer is:
3

Solution:
Correct Option is : 3
3

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
No. of OH bonds in HOClO2 is:

Options:
A 0
B 1
C 2
D 3

The correct answer is:
1

Solution:
Correct Option is : 2
1

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET
No. of OH group present in Bakelite is:

Options:
A 3
B 2
C 1
D 0

The correct answer is:
2

Solution:
Correct Option is : 2
2

Topic: Chemistry, Polymers, NEET
No. of Sp2hybridized C in DDT?

Options:
A 2
B 6
C 10
D 12

The correct answer is:
12

Solution:
Correct Option is : 4
12

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET
No. of Sp2hybridized carbon in 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene is:

Options:
A 6
B 7
C 5
D 4

The correct answer is:
6

Solution:
Correct Option is : 1
6

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET
No. of unpaired electrons in Cu2+?

Options:
A 0
B 1
C 2
D 3

The correct answer is:
1

Solution:
Correct Option is : 2
1

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET
Noble gases are named because of their inertness towards reactivity. Identify an incorrect statement about them.

Options:
A Noble gases are sparingly soluble in water.
B Noble gases have very high melting and boiling points.
C Noble gases have weak dispersion forces.
D Noble gases have large positive values of electron gain enthalpy.

The correct answer is:
Noble gases have very high melting and boiling points.

Solution:
Due to the presence of weak dispersion forces, noble gases are sparingly soluble in water and they have low melting and boiling points. Due to the presence of completely filled electronic configuration they have large positive values of electron gain enthalpy.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET, NEET 2021
Noble gases have very low boiling points. Why?

Options:
A They have weak intermolecular forces.
B They have high electron affinity.
C They have large atomic sizes.
D They have high ionization energies.

The correct answer is:
They have weak intermolecular forces.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
They have weak intermolecular forces.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 13 & 14), NEET
Nodule formation in leguminous plants occur due to

(i) Cytokinins produced by invading bacteria.
(ii) Auxins produced by plant cell.
(iii) Auxins produced by invading bacteria.
(iv) Cytokinin produced by plant cell.

Options:
A (i) and (ii) only
B (i) and (iii) only
C (iii) and (iv) only
D (ii) and (iv) only

The correct answer is:
(i) and (ii) only

Solution:
During nodule formation the bacteria Rhizobium invades the cortex cells of the host and produces cytokinin which causes bacteria to divide and form a mass called as peribacteriod. At the same time host cell produces auxin. Which causes the cortical cells to enlarge and from nodule.

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET
Noise pollution may cause nervousness and irritability by stimulating the secretion of:

Options:
A Thyroid hormone
B Adrenaline hormone
C Parathyroid hormone
D None of these

The correct answer is:
Adrenaline hormone

Solution:
Noise is an undesired high level of sound. We have got used to associating loud sounds with pleasure and entertainment, not realising that noise causes psychological and physiological disorders in humans. Brief exposure to extremely high sound level, 150 dB or more generated by taking off of a jet plane or rocket, may damage eardrums. Thus permanently impairing hearing ability. Even chronic exposure to a relatively lower noise level of cities may permanently damage the hearing abilities of humans. Noise also causes sleeplessness, increased heartbeat, altered breathing pattern, thus considerably stressing humans. Noise pollution causes anxiety, stress and irritability. Adrenaline hormone is released when the body is under stress. So, noise pollution leads to the secretion of adrenaline hormone, which provides the added energy to the body to deal with the stressful situation.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET