datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
E. coli has only 4.6×106 base pairs and completes the process of replication within 18 minutes; then the average rate of polymerisation is approximately:

Options:
A 2000 base pairs/second
B 3000 base pairs/second
C 4000 base pairs/second
D 1000 base pairs/second

The correct answer is:
4000 base pairs/second

Solution:
Given,

Number of base pairs =4.6x106=4600000

Time =18 minutes =18 x 60 =1080 seconds

The average rate of polymerisation can be calculated using the formula:

Rate of polymerisation=Number of base pairsTime

==46000001080=4259 bp/s

It is approximately 4000 base pairs/second.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET, NEET 2020 (Phase 2)
E. coli with dsDNA labeled with radioactive thymidine, allowed to replicates in a simple nutrient medium for two-generation. What will be the percentage of bacteria containing only non-radioactive DNA?

Options:
A 12.5%
B 6.25%
C 25%
D 50%

The correct answer is:
50%

Solution:
DNA replication is the process of making a duplicate copy DNA. This process is semi-conservative where one strand of DNA is new strand and other is old.
When E.coli with dsDNA labeled with radioactive thymidine is allowed to replicate in simple nutrient medium for two generation, 50% will be non-radioactive DNA.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
E is?

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:

Topic: Chemistry, Aldehydes and Ketones, NEET
E.M.F. of the given below cell will not be zero because
Pt(H2,1atm)/0.1MHCl || 0.1M acetic acid /( H2,1atm ) Pt

Options:
A The pH of 0.1MHCl and 0.1M acetic acid is not the same
B Acids used in two compartments are different
C E.M.F. of a cell depends on the molarities of acids used
D The temperature is constant

The correct answer is:
The pH of 0.1MHCl and 0.1M acetic acid is not the same

Solution:
The pH of 0.1MHCl and 0.1M acetic acid is not the same, because HCl is a strong acid so its pH is less and CH3COOH is a weak acid, so its pH is more.

Topic: Chemistry, Electrochemistry, NEET
EÂ° of Fe2+/Fe=-0.44V,EÂ° of Cu/Cu2+= 0.34V. Then in the cell

Options:
A Cu2+ Oxidizes Fe
B Fe2+ oxidizes Cu
C Cu Reduces Fe2+
D Fe reduces Cu2+

The correct answer is:
Fe reduces Cu2+

Solution:
Reduction potential Cu2+/Cu=0.34V and Fe2+/Fe=â0.44V , Thus E0 for Fe+Cu2+âFe2++Cu is 0.78 Hence, Fe reduces Cu2+

Topic: Chemistry, Electrochemistry, NEET
E+of Cu is +0.34V while that of Zn is –0.76V. Explain.

Options:
A Cu has a lower ionization energy than Zn.
B Cu has a higher ionization energy than Zn.
C Cu is more likely to gain electrons compared to Zn.
D Zn is more likely to gain electrons compared to Cu.

The correct answer is:
Cu has a lower ionization energy than Zn.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
Cu has a lower ionization energy than Zn.

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET
Each artery and vein consists of three layers: an inner lining of

(i)

endothelium, the tunica intima, a middle layer of

(ii)

and

(iii)

fibres, the tunica media, and an external layer of

(iv)

tissue with

(v)

fibres, the tunica externa.

Options:
A

(i)	(ii)	(iii)	(iv)	(v)

squamous	smooth muscles	collagen	connective	elastic

B

(i)	(ii)	(iii)	(iv)	(v)

squamous	smooth muscles	elastic	connective	collagen

C

(i)	(ii)	(iii)	(iv)	(v)

squamous	connective	collagen	smooth muscles	elastic

D

(i)	(ii)	(iii)	(iv)	(v)

squamous	connective	elastic	smooth muscles	collagen

The correct answer is:

(i)	(ii)	(iii)	(iv)	(v)

squamous	smooth muscles	elastic	connective	collagen

Solution:
Basically, each artery and vein consists of three layers: an inner lining of squamous endothelium, the tunica intima, a middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic fibres, the tunica media and an external layer of fibrous connective tissue with collagen fibres, the tunica externa. The tunica media is comparatively thin in the veins.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Each capacitor shown in the figure is 2 Î¼F. Then the equivalent capacitance between points A and B is

Options:
A 2 μF
B 4 μF
C 6 μF
D 8 μF

The correct answer is:
2 μF

Solution:
The figure is a balanced Wheatstone bridge, so diagonal capacitor will be ineffective.
So, the equivalent circuit will be as shown in the figure.
Equivalent capacitance of upper arms in series
C1=2Ã22+2=1 Î¼F
Similarly, for lower arm
C2=1 Î¼F
â´ CAB=C1+C2
=1+1=2 Î¼F

Topic: Physics, Electrostatics, NEET
Each category, referred to as a unit of classification, represents a rank and is commonly termed as ___

Options:
A Taxonomic hierarchy
B Genus
C Species
D Taxon

The correct answer is:
Taxon

Solution:
Each category, referred to as a unit of classification, represents a rank and is commonly termed as taxon

Topic: Biology, The Living World, NEET
Each immunoglobin has two heavy chains and two light chains. The antigen binding site is present in

Options:
A Variable region of both heavy and light chain
B Variable region of heavy chain
C Variable region of light chain
D Constant region of both light and heavy chain.

The correct answer is:
Variable region of both heavy and light chain

Solution:
The typical structure of immunoglobulin or antibody is Y shaped and is represented as H2L2. This means it consists of two heavy chains and two light chains. These chains are polypeptide chains and because of difference in molecular weights one is termed as heavy and the other is termed as light. Both these chains are linked by disulfide bonds. Each chain consists of two regions: constant region or FC i.e. fragment crystallizable and variable region or Fab i.e. Fragment antigen-binding region. Thus the variable region consists of antigen-binding site that is a part of heavy and light chains.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Each limb in the human body possess

Options:
A 30 bones
B 28 bones
C 22 bones
D 14 bones.

The correct answer is:
30 bones

Solution:
Upper limbs (30 bones each) - The bones of the hand involves - Humerus 1, Radius 1, Ulna 1, Carpals (wrist bones - 8), metacarpals (palm bones- 5), and Phalanges (digits - 14).
Lower limbs (30 bones each) - Femur (thigh bone - the longest bone) 1, patella 1, tibia 1 and fibula 1, tarsals (ankle bones - 7 in number), metatarsals (5 in number), and phalanges (14 in number, in digits) are the bones of the legs (hind limb).

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
Each minute earth receives about 2 cal of heat energy per square centimetre from the sun. This is called the solar constant S. The value of solar constant in S.I units is

Options:
A 8 kW m-2
B 1.4 kW m-2
C 1.8 kW m-2
D 2.5 kW m-2

The correct answer is:
1.4 kW m-2

Solution:
Given that
S=2cal/cm2/min
But as 1 cal=4.18J,ââ1 cm=10â2m and 1 min=60 s
S = 2 Ã 4.18 J 10 - 2 m 2 60s
â 1.4 Ã 10 3 J m 2 s or S = 1.4 kW/m 2

Topic: Physics, Units and Dimensions, NEET
Each of the following is true for white and red phosphorus except that they

Options:
A are both soluble in CS2
B can be oxidised by heating in air
C consist of the same kind of atoms
D can be converted into one another

The correct answer is:
are both soluble in CS2

Solution:
Red phosphorus is insoluble in CS2 and only white P is soluble in CS2 .

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET
Each of the following options has a pair of equal number of bones. Which one doesn't?

Options:
A Number of bones in the right upper limb and number of bones in the left lower limb
B Number of bones in the cranium and number of bones in the right wrist
C Number of true ribs and number of bone in the fingers of the left hand
D Number of cervical vertebrae in the body and number of ankle bones in the body

The correct answer is:
Number of cervical vertebrae in the body and number of ankle bones in the body

Solution:
One upper limb has 30 bones (1 Humerus, 1 Radius, 1 Ulna, 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals and 14 phalanges). One lower limb also has 30 bones (1 Femur, 1 Tibia, 1 Fibula, 1 patella, 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges). There are 8 bones in the cranium (2 Parietals, 2 Temporals, 1 Frontal, 1 Occipital, 1 Sphenoid and 1 Ethmoid). Wrist bones are carpals. There are 8 carpals in one hand (Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisci form, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate). The first seven pairs of ribs which are attached to the sternum by their own cartilage are true ribs. Thus there are 14 true ribs. Bones of the fingers are phalanges. Each hand has 14 phalanges (2 in thumb and 3 in each finger). There are 8 cervical vertebrae in the human body. Each ankle has 7 bones (tarsals) but the body has 2 ankles thus number of ankle bones in the body is 14.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
Each of the following statements concerning Fasciola is CORRECT, except

Options:
A It has dorsoventrally flattened body
B It has bilateral symmetry
C Snails are intermediate host in its life cycle
D It is diploblastic

The correct answer is:
It is diploblastic

Solution:
Fasciola are commonly known as Liver flukes as these are parasites of the liver of various mammals. These are digenic organisms as they require two hosts to complete their life- cycle. Snails are generally intermediate hosts. These belong to Phylum Platyhelminthes. The word Platy means flat. Hence these are commonly known as flat worms and thus their body is dorsoventrally flat. These organisms also show bilateral symmetry and are acoelomates which means they lack body cavity due to flat body This Phylum is evolved than earlier phyla due to presence of third germ layer i.e. Mesoderm. Hence these are regarded are Triploblastic organisms. The phenomenon of three germ layers began from this group and it continues till mammals. However these are special organisms because these are the only group which is Triploblastic and Acoelomates.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Each of the following statements has 2 blanks. Mark the statement in which both the blanks can't be filled with the same data.

Options:
A The contraction of diaphragm causes ______ in the volume of thorax and the contraction of external intercostal muscles causes ______ in the volume of thorax.
B pO2 in deoxygenated blood is ______ mm Hg and pCO2 in oxygenated blood is ______ mm Hg.
C About ____% of carbon dioxide is carried by haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin and solubility of carbon dioxide is ______ times higher than that of oxygen.
D High pCO2 shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the _______ and high pH shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the ______.

The correct answer is:
High pCO2 shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the _______ and high pH shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the ______.

Solution:
The contraction of diaphragm causes increases in the volume of thorax and the contraction of external intercostal muscles causes increase in the volume of thorax.
pO2 in deoxygenated blood is 40 mm Hg and pCO2 in oxygenated blood is 40 mm Hg .
About 20-25% of carbon dioxide is carried by haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin and solubility of carbon dioxide is 20-25 times higher than that of oxygen.
High pCO2 is seen at the tissues which causes the shift of Oxygen dissociation curve to the right. High pH means low H+ which is seen near the alveoli. This causes the shift of oxygen dissociation curve to the left.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Each of the three metals X, Y and Z were put in turn into aqueous solution of the other two.
X + Salt of Y (or Z) = Y (or Z) + Salt of X. Which observation is probably incorrect?

Options:
A Y + Salt of X = No action observed
B Y + Salt of Z = Z + Salt of Y
C Z + Salt of X = X + Salt of Z
D Z + Salt of Y = No action observed

The correct answer is:
Z + Salt of X = X + Salt of Z

Solution:
Given facts is: X is above Z in electrochemical series and thus, Z cannot displace X from its salt while X can replace both Y and Z from their salts.
As reactivity order is X > Y > Z.

Topic: Chemistry, Electrochemistry, NEET
Each of the two strings of length $51.6 \mathrm{~cm}$ and $49.1 \mathrm{~cm}$ are tensioned separately by $20 \mathrm{~N}$ force. Mass per unit length of both the strings is same and equal to $1 \mathrm{gm}^{-1}$. When both the strings vibrate simultaneously the number of beats is

Options:
A 5
B 7
C 8
D 3

The correct answer is:
7

Solution:
Key Idea The number of beats will be the difference of frequencies of the two strings.
Frequency of first string $f_1=\frac{1}{2 l_1} \sqrt{\frac{T}{m}}$
$$
\begin{aligned}
& =\frac{1}{2 \times 51.6 \times 10^{-2}} \sqrt{\frac{20}{10^{-3}}} \\
& =137.03 \mathrm{~Hz}
\end{aligned}
$$
Similarly, frequency of second string
$$
\begin{aligned}
& =\frac{1}{2 \times 49.1 \times 10^{-2}} \sqrt{\frac{20}{10^{-3}}} \\
& =144.01
\end{aligned}
$$
Number of beats $=\mathrm{f}_2-\mathrm{f}_1=144-137$ $=7$ beats

Topic: Physics, Waves and Sound, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Each of these options has a pair of diseases. Which option has one of these diseases is caused due to hypersecretion of a hormone which the other one is caused due to hyposecretion of the same hormone. Which one doesn't have this kind of pair?

Options:
A Acromegaly and Dwarfism
B Myxoedema and Thyrotoxicosis
C Hypoglycaemia and Hyperglycaemia
D Tetanus and Tetany

The correct answer is:
Tetanus and Tetany

Solution:
Acromegaly is caused due to hypersecretion of growth hormone while dwarfism is caused due to deficiency of growth hormone. Myxoedema is caused due to hyposecretion of thyroid hormone while thyrotoxicosis is caused due to hypersecretion of thyroid hormone. Hypoglycaemia is caused to increased insulin while hyperglycaemia is caused due to decrease in insulin. Tetany is caused due to deficiency of parathyroid hormone and tetanus is caused due to a bacterium Clostridium tetani.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Each one of the following options has a rule regarding a certain animal group and an exception from that group written in brackets. Which one is incorrect?

Options:
A Reptiles have an incompletely four-chambered heart. (Crocodilus)
B Amphibians have two pairs of limbs. (Ichthyophis)
C Sponges are found in marine water. (Spongilla)
D Roundworms are monoecious. (Ascaris)

The correct answer is:
Roundworms are monoecious. (Ascaris)

Solution:
Reptiles have an incompletely four-chambered heart. Crocodilus (crocodile) has a completely four-chambered heart. Amphibians have two pairs of limbs. Ichthyophis is a limbless amphibian. Sponges are found in marine water. Spongilla is a freshwater sponge. Roundworms (Ascehelminthes) are dioecious in which males and females are separate. Ascaris is also a dioecious roundworm following the rule.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Each testicular lobule contains _______ convoluted seminiferous tubules.

Options:
A 1 to 3
B 5 to 7
C 8 to 10
D 11 to 14

The correct answer is:
1 to 3

Solution:
In each testis, there are 200 - 300 lobules. In each lobule there are 1-3 convoluted loops called seminiferous tubules.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Each unit cell of NaCl consists of 4 chloride ions and

Options:
A 13  Na +  ions
B 4â Na + âions
C 6  Na +  ions
D 8  Na +  ions

The correct answer is:
4  Na +  ions

Solution:
NaCl has fcc structure. Thus, each unit cell has 4  Na + and 4  Cl − in it. It has 6 : 6 coordination number.

Topic: Chemistry, Solid State, NEET
EAN of Cr in Cr(NH3)6CI3 is

Options:
A 32
B 33
C 34
D 35

The correct answer is:
33

Solution:
EAN=24-3+2×6=33.

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, NEET
Early development of embryo in dicots and monocots is similar upto:

Options:
A Diad stage
B Quadrat stage
C Globular stage
D Octant stage

The correct answer is:
Globular stage

Solution:
The zygote formed after fertilization divides unequally to form two cells - larger suspensor cell towards micropyle and a smaller embryonal cell towards antipodal region. The suspensor cells divide further to form a 6 to 10 cells and helping anchor the embryo. The embryonal cell divides to form a diad (two cells), then further forms a quadrat of four cells. The embryo divides multiple times to form a globular structure. If the plant is dicot, the globular embryo further takes the shape of a heart and later splits in two to form cotyledons.
Upto globular stage, the embryo development is similar in both, dicot and monot plant of angiosperms.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Early fruit drop can be avoided by spraying

Options:
A Auxin
B Ethylene gas
C Gibberellins
D Cytokinin

The correct answer is:
Auxin

Solution:
Generally, it is observed that intact fruits do not fall as they synthesize auxin. Abscission occurs when the auxin content falls below a minimum point. Hence, the application of auxin to the plants slows the abscission of leaves, fruits, branches, etc. The premature drop of fruits, such as apple, pear and citrus, can be prevented to a great extent by spraying the trees with a dilute solution of IAA, NAA.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET
Earth's surface heating it, while a small proportion is reflected back.
What is the fate of the heat energy in the form of infrared radiation emitted by Earth's surface?

Options:
A It escapes into space
B It is reflected back to Earth's surface
C It is absorbed by atmospheric gases
D It is reflected and absorbed by atmospheric gases

The correct answer is:
It is absorbed by atmospheric gases

Solution:
Earth's surface re-emits heat in the form of infrared radiation but part of this does not escape into space as atmospheric gases (e.g., carbon dioxide, methane, etc.) absorb a major fraction of it. These gases are responsible for trapping the heat energy and radiating it back to Earth's surface, thus heating it up once again.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
Earthworms are:

Options:
A ammonotelic when plenty of water is available
B ureotelic when plenty of water is available
C uricotelic when plenty of water is available
D uricotelic under conditions of water scarcity

The correct answer is:
ammonotelic when plenty of water is available

Solution:
Class Oligochaeta includes terrestrial earthworms and some other species which live in freshwater. Aquatic oligochaetes excrete ammonia, while terrestrial oligochaetes excrete urea.
A Caution
$\Rightarrow$ Lumbricoides produces both ammonia and urea

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET, NEET 2006
Earthworms have no skeleton but during burrowing, the anterior end becomes turgid and acts as a hydraulic skeleton. It is due to

Options:
A coelomic fluid
B blood
C gut peristalsis
D setae

The correct answer is:
coelomic fluid

Solution:
The body cavity (coelom) of earthworm is filled with an alkaline, colourless or milky coelomic fluid containing water, salts, some proteins and four types of coelomic corpuscles, ie, phagocytes, mucocytes, circular nucleated cells and chloragogen cells. The coelomic fluid becomes turgid and acts as a hydraulic skeleton during burrowing.
Earthworm (Pheretima posthuma) living in burrows which are made in moist earth. It makes its burrow partly by boring with its pointed anterior end and partly by sucking and swallowing the earth. The body shows metameric segmentation. About the middle of each segment there is a ring of tiny curved bristles called setae or chaetae, formed of a horny nitrogenous organic substance known as chitin. The setae and musculature serve for locomotion as well as for anchoring body firmly in burrow.
The blood of earthworm is composed of a fluid plasma and colourless corpuscles, physiologically comparable to the leucocytes of vertebrates.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET, NEET 2008 (Screening)
ECG depicts the depolarisation and repolarisation processes during the cardiac cycle. In the ECG of a normal healthy individual one of the following waves is not represented.

Options:
A Depolarisation of atria
B Repolarisation of atria
C Depolarisation of ventricles
D Repolarisation of ventricles

The correct answer is:
Repolarisation of atria

Solution:
In the ECG of a normal healthy individual one of the following waves is not represented by Repolarisation of atria.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
ECG depicts the depolarisation and repolarisation processes during the cardiac cycle. In the ECG of a normal healthy individual, which of the following waves is not represented?

Options:
A Depolarisation of atria
B Repolarisation of atria
C Depolarisation of ventricles
D Repolarisation of ventricles

The correct answer is:
Repolarisation of atria

Solution:
Atrial repolarization is not represented in the ECG of an individual.
Atrial depolarization is represented by P wave.
Ventricular depolarization is represented by QRS complex.
Ventricular repolarization is represented by T wave.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
ECG is a graphical representation of the electrical activity of the heart during a cardiac cycle. Identify the incorrect interpretation.

Options:
A P-wave: Depolarisation of the atria.
B QRS complex: Ventricular systole.
C T-wave: Ventricular repolarisation.
D End of T-wave: End of ventricular systole.

The correct answer is:
QRS complex: Ventricular systole.

Solution:
Various waves are observed in a normal ECG:
A. P-wave: It represents the electrical excitation (or depolarization) of the atria, which leads to the contraction of both the atria (atrial systole).
B. QRS complex: It represents the depolarization of the ventricles initiating the ventricular contraction. The starting of ventricular contraction (or beginning of the systole) starts shortly after Q.
C. T-wave: It represents a phase in which the ventricles return from excited to the normal state (repolarisation). The end of the T-wave marks the end of ventricular systole.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
EcoRI always cut DNA molecules at a particular point by recognizing a specific sequence between

Options:
A G and A
B T and C
C A and A
D T and T

The correct answer is:
G and A

Solution:
Restriction enzymes, also called restriction nucleases (EcoRI in this example) , surrounds the DNA molecule at the point it seeks(sequence GAATTC). EcoRI cuts one strand of the DNA double helix at one point and the second strand at a different, complementary point (between the G and the A base).

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
'Eco San' toilets can be seen working in:

Options:
A Kerala
B Andhra Pradesh
C New Delhi
D Tamil Nadu

The correct answer is:
Kerala

Solution:
Ecological sanitation is a practical, hygienic, efficient and cost-effective method to human waste disposal. Even human excreta can be recycled into a resource (as natural fertiliser) by this method, which reduces the need for chemical fertilisers. Example: 'EcoSan' toilets are working in many areas of Kerala and Sri Lanka.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
E.coli cells with a mustard $z$ gene of the lac operon cannot grow in medium containing only lactose as the source of energy because:

Options:
A the lac operon is constitutively active in these cells
B they cannot synthesize functional $\beta$ galactosidase
C in the presence of glucose, E.coli cells do not utilize lactose
D they cannot transport lactose from the medium into the cell.

The correct answer is:
they cannot synthesize functional $\beta$ galactosidase

Solution:
The $z$ gene in the lac operon encodes for a $\beta$ galactosidase protein. This protein is an enzyme that is capable of breaking down the lactose into simpler sugars which can be absorbed by the bacteria. Hence a mutated $z$ gene would result in a non-functional enzyme and thus the bacteria cannot grow.
Related Theory
Glucose is the preferred and most frequently available energy source for E. coli. The enzymes to metabolize glucose are made constantly by E. coli. When E. coli is exposed to both lactose and glucose, the organism first metabolise glucose and then temporarily cease to grow until the genes of lac operon become included to provide the ability to metabolise lactose.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET, NEET 2005