datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Find out a set of common N2 fixing fodder plants.

Options:
A Trifolium, Atropa
B Withania, Abrus
C Sesbania, Trifolium
D Aloe, Gloriosa

The correct answer is:
Sesbania, Trifolium

Solution:
Sesbania and Trifolium are fodder of Fabaceae famaily. They have root nodules in which Rhizobium lives symbiotically carrying out nitrogen fixation.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Find out the correct match about blood:

Options:
A Formed elements : about 55% of the blood
B Plasma : about 45% of the blood
C Haemoglobin : about 12-16 gm per 100 ml of blood
D All of the above are correct match

The correct answer is:
Haemoglobin : about 12-16 gm per 100 ml of blood

Solution:
Blood is a special connective tissue consist of a fluid matrix, plasma and formed elements. Plasma is a straw colour, viscous fluid constituting nearly 55% of the blood. Erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets are collectively called formed elements and they constitute nearly 45% of the blood.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Find out the correct match from the following with respect to Protista.

Options:
A Gonyaulax - chief producers of the ocean
B Euglenoids - stiff cellulose plates in the cell wall
C Slime moulds - formation of plasmodium
D Amoeba - parasitic protozoan

The correct answer is:
Slime moulds - formation of plasmodium

Solution:
Slime moulds are saprophytic protists. The body moves along decaying twigs and leaves engulfing organic material. Under suitable conditions, they form an aggregation called plasmodium which may grow and spread over several feet. During unfavourable conditions, the plasmodium differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips. The spores possess true walls. They are extremely resistant and survive for many years, even under adverse conditions. The spores are dispersed by air currents.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Find out the correct match from the following.

Options:
A

Structure	Phylum	Function
Comb plates	Cnidaria	Locomotion

B

Structure	Phylum	Function
Cnidocytes	Ctenophora	Defence

C

Structure	Phylum	Function
Setae	Annelida	Movement

D

Structure	Phylum	Function
Aristotle’s lantern	Mollusca	To produce light

The correct answer is:

Structure	Phylum	Function
Setae	Annelida	Movement

Solution:
The body of Ctenophora bears eight external rows of ciliated comb plates, which help in locomotion.
Phylum Cnidariacontain stinging cells called cnidoblasts or cnidocytes,which are used for Anchorage, Defence and for the capturing of prey. Aristotle's lantern is a masticatory structure found in echinodermates.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Find out the correct match in the following:

Structure/Phylum/Function

Options:
A Setae/Cnidaria/Locomotion
B Amoebocytes/Ctenophora/Defence
C Parapodia/Annelida/Swimming
D Sclerites/Mollusca/Respiration

The correct answer is:
Parapodia/Annelida/Swimming

Solution:
The body of Ctenophora bears eight external rows of ciliated comb plates, which help in locomotion. Phylum Cnidaria contain stinging cells called cnidoblasts or cnidocytes, which are used for Anchorage, Defence and for the capturing of prey. âThe parapodia, of annelid, helps in propel the worm in crawling and swimming; parapodia are tipped with bundles of setae, usually made of chitin. Sclerites are the hardened body part found in Arthropoda.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Find out the CORRECT match.

Options:
A

Hormone	Gland	Function
Thyroxine	Thyroid gland	Decreases basal metabolic rate

B

Hormone	Gland	Function
Glucagon	β -cells of pancreas	Stimulates glycogenolysis resulting in an increased blood sugar

C

Hormone	Gland	Function

Calcitonin	Thyroid gland	Decreases blood calcium levels

D

Hormone	Gland	Function
Glucocorticoids	Adrenal medulla	Stimulate gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and proteolysis

The correct answer is:

Hormone	Gland	Function

Calcitonin	Thyroid gland	Decreases blood calcium levels

Solution:
Calcitonin, also known as Thyrocalcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. The function of this hormone is to prevent the reabsorption of calcium from the bones. Thus, it is responsible for decreasing blood calcium levels.
Thyroxine, also known as Tetraiodothyronine (T4) is a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. This hormone is responsible for increasing the basal metabolic rate of the body and regulating it.
Glucagon is a hormone secreted by alpha cells of Islet of Langerhans of pancreas. It increases blood sugar levels by stimulating glycogenolysis.
Glucocorticoids are hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex. They stimulate gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and proteolysis.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Find out the correct matching:

Options:
A a-frond, b-stipe, c-holdfast
B a-stipe, b-frond, c-holdfast
C a-frond, b-holdfast, c-stipe
D a-stipe, b-holdfast, c-frond

The correct answer is:
a-frond, b-stipe, c-holdfast

Solution:
In Phaeophyceae, the body is divided into three types: A is frond that is leaves like photosynthetic organs and it may be simple or branched. B is a stripe that works as a stem. C is holdfast that helps in attaching the plant to the substratum. All three together are found in brown algae. The given diagram is of Laminaria.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Find out the CORRECT option for the ploidy of ovary, anther, egg, pollen, male gamete and zygote.

Options:
A 2n, 2n,n,2n,n,2n
B 2n,2n,n,n,n,2n
C 2n,n,n,n,n,n
D 2n,2n,n,2n,2n,2n

The correct answer is:
2n,2n,n,n,n,2n

Solution:
Ovary is a somatic cell so it is diploid 2n, anther is also diploid 2n, egg is female gamete and so it is haploid n, pollen grain or microspore is formed by meiosis so it is haploid n, male gametes are formed by mitosis from pollen grain and so they are haploid n too and zygote is formed by fusion of male and female gamete so it is diploid 2n.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Find out the correct order of vegetative propagules in following plants respectively - potato, ginger, Bryophyllum, water hyacinth.

Options:
A Rhizome, offset, eyes, leaf bud
B Eyes, rhizome, offsets, leaf buds
C Eyes, rhizome, Leaf buds, offsets
D Leaf buds, Rhizome, offset, eyes

The correct answer is:
Eyes, rhizome, Leaf buds, offsets

Solution:
Vegetative propagules are the plant parts or organs that are involved in the process of reproduction even though their primary function is not it. The reproductive process is called as vegetative propagation as the non-reproductive parts/organs (leaf/stem/roots) are involved. Potato is a tuber stem modified for storage and it also supports reproduction by formation of small buds/sprouts on its surface called as 'eyes'.
Ginger is a modified stem called as rhizome which may grow at soil surface or underground. Rhizome contain nodes from which new roots and shoots develop, thus, supporting vegetative propagation. Bryophyllum is a plant group coming under the family Crassulaceae. These plants propagate by formation of buds on the edges of the leaf called leaf bud. These buds fall off and root wherever they land. Offsets are basically type of modified runner stem found in the aquatic plants like water hyacinth. These grow horizontal to the ground level and result in formation of new plantling at regular interval via vegetative propagation.

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
Find out the correct order of vegetative propagules of plants: potato, ginger, Agave, Bryophyllum and water hyacinth.

Options:
A Offset, bulbil, leaf bud, rhizome and eyes
B Leaf bud, bulbil, offset, rhizome and eyes
C Eyes, rhizome, bulbil, leaf bud and offset
D Rhizome, bulbil, leaf bud, eyes and offset

The correct answer is:
Eyes, rhizome, bulbil, leaf bud and offset

Solution:
The units of vegetative propagules of plants are
Eyes - potato
Rhizome - ginger
Bulbil - Agave
Leaf bud - Bryophyllum
Offset - water hyacinth

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
Find out the correct pair.

Options:
A About 15 mya, Australopithecus were probably lived in African grassland and were essentially ate fruit.
B The first human like being the hominid was called Homo erectus with brain capacity 650-800cc.
C Between 1,00,000-40,000 years back, the Neanderthal man were evolved which were brain size of 1400cc.
D The skull of baby human is more like adult chimpanzee skull than adult human skull.

The correct answer is:
Between 1,00,000-40,000 years back, the Neanderthal man were evolved which were brain size of 1400cc.

Solution:
About 2mya, Australopithecus were probably lived in East African grassland and were essentially ate fruit. The first human-like being the hominid was called Homo habilis with brain capacity 650-800cc.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Find out the correct statement.

Options:
A Genetic makeup of the egg determines the sex of the child in human.
B Genetic makeup of the sperm determines the sex of the child in human.
C XO and XY type of sex determination is an example of female heterogamety.
D ZZ and ZW type of sex determination is an example of male heterogamety.

The correct answer is:
Genetic makeup of the sperm determines the sex of the child in human.

Solution:
Human shows XY mechanism of sex determination in which female carries autosome and XX chromosome, thus are homogametic. Males carries autosome and XY chromosome, thus heterogametc. Sex of the progeny is determined by gametes of heterogametic parents. XO and XY type of sex determination is an example of male heterogamety. Henking observed X body in spermatogenesis of Grasshopper.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Find out the CORRECT statement.

Options:
A Ciliated epithelium present in convoluted parts of nephric tubule absorb only water.
B Haversian canals are interconnected by canaliculi and lacunae.
C Abdominal wall in our body has striated involuntary muscles.
D Elastic cartilage is present in the tip of our nose

The correct answer is:
Elastic cartilage is present in the tip of our nose

Solution:
Bone is a rigid connective tissue forming an integral part of the endoskeleton in vertebrates. There are many minute column-like structures present in it namely the Haversian system. These contain layers of bone cells around a central canal called Haversian canal. These columns are connected to each other by perforating channels- Volkmann's canal.
Cartilage is a type of connective tissue forming soft boy structures of nose tip, ear pinna. Nose tip contain hyaline cartilage whereas the ear pinna has elastic cartilage.
Simple cuboidal epithelium is found in the convoluted parts of nephron that help in water absorption. Ciliated epithelium is found in the inner walls of trachea and even in the fallopian tube of female reproductive system.
The abdominal wall of the body has skeletal muscles as there is voluntary control over the movement. Smooth muscles are found in the alimentary canal of the body.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Find out the correct statement.

Options:
A Genetic makeup of the egg determines sex of the child in human
B Genetic makeup of the sperm determines sex of the child in human
C XO and XY type of sex determination is an example of female heterogameity
D Mendel could trace a specific nuclear structure all through oogenesis of few insects

The correct answer is:
Genetic makeup of the sperm determines sex of the child in human

Solution:
Sex determination is the process of detecting the gender of the individual organism. In human, the sex of the individual is controlled by the 23 pair of chromosomes called sex chromosomes. If the individual has the pair combination as XY, he is a male and if the combination is XX, she is a female. Male in humans is heterogamous and produces two type of sperms cells whereas the female is homogamous, producing only one type of gamete -X. Sex of the zygote depends on the type of sperm cell fertilizing the egg cell.
Male gamete (sperm) 22 + X or 22 + Y (heterogametic- producing dissimilar gametes, such as those of human males, who produce two types of spermatozoa, one bearing the X-chromosome and the other bearing the Y -chromosome.)

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Find out the correct statement:

Options:
A Trophic level represents a functional level, not a species as such.
B A given species never occupies more than one trophic level in the same ecosystem at the same time.
C In most of the ecosystems, producers are less in number and biomass than the herbivores.
D Pyramid of energy can never be upright.

The correct answer is:
Trophic level represents a functional level, not a species as such.

Solution:
A given species can occupy more than one tropic level in the same ecosystem at the same time, but a given species cannot occupy more than one tropic level in the same food chain. In most ecosystems, producers are maximum in number and biomass than herbivores. Pyramid of energy is always upright.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Find out the correctly matched option of the causative agent and their disease.

Options:
A Prion - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
B Virus - Citrus Canker disease
C Viroids - Cr-Jacob disease in human
D Bacteria - Small pox

The correct answer is:
Prion - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

Solution:
In modern medicine certain infectious neurological diseases were found to be transmitted by an agent consisting of abnormally folded protein. These agents were called prions. They cause bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) commonly called mad cow disease in cattle. Citrus canker disease is caused by bacteria Xanthomonas citri. Cr-Jacob disease (CJD) in humans is also caused by prions. Small pox disease is caused by virus Variolla.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Find out the incorrect match.

Options:
A UUU - Phenylalanine
B UAG - Arginine
C GUG - Valine
D UGG - Tryptophan

The correct answer is:
UAG - Arginine

Solution:
Stop codons are also called nonsense codons or termination codons, the first of these terms because stop codons never code for amino acids, and the second due to stop codon function. Stop codons are nucleotide triplets in messenger RNA (mRNA) that serve a key role in signaling the end of protein coding sequences (e.g., UAG, UAA, UGA).

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Find out the incorrect match about allergy and inflammatory reactions.

Options:
A Antigens : pollens, dust, animal fur.
B Antibody : the least concentration IgE type
C Cell : T lymphocytes
D Chemicals : Histamine, serotonin

The correct answer is:
Cell : T lymphocytes

Solution:
Allergy is an exaggerated response of immune system to certain antigens such as pollen, dust, animal fur, etc; present in the environment are called allergens.
The IgE antibodies are stimulated and bind with mast cells and activate them to secrete allergy causing chemicals called histamine and serotonin.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Find out the incorrect match between animals and their features.

Options:
A Pseudocoelomates: Ancylostoma and Ascaris
B Radiata: Asterias and Ascidia
C Metagenesis: Obelia and Physalia
D Bioluminescence: Pleurobrachia and Ctenoplana

The correct answer is:
Radiata: Asterias and Ascidia

Solution:
Pseudocoelom condition is present in phylum aschelminthes. Radial symmetry or radiata condition is present in cnidaria, Ctenophora, and adult Echinodermata but not in Urochordata. Asterias shows radial symmetry and Ascidia is bilateral symmetrical animal.
Bioluminescence property is present in phylum Ctenophora.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Find out the incorrect match with respect to the given diagram.

Options:
A A = Kinetochore
B B = Aster
C C = Cell membrane
D D = Centromere

The correct answer is:
A = Kinetochore

Solution:
'A' represents spindle fibre, not kinetochore. (kinetochore is the protein structure on centromere where the spindle fibres attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart.)
'D' represents centromere.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
Find out the incorrect match.

Options:
A Biosphere reserves in India - 18
B Hotspots in India - 35
C National Parks in India - 104
D Wildlife sanctuaries in India - 551

The correct answer is:
Hotspots in India - 35

Solution:
Biodiversity hotspots: These are the regions that are characterized with:
(i) Very high levels of species richness.
(ii) High degree of endemism (species found in only a specific region and nowhere else).
- Number of Biodiversity hotspots' worldwide : Initially 25, now 34.
- These hotspots are also the regions of accelerated habitat loss. If strict protection of these hotspots is done, it may reduce the ongoing mass extinctions by almost 30%.
- In India, 3 hotspots are present: 1. Western Ghats. 2. Indo-Burma. 3. Himalaya.
- All the biodiversity hotspots cover less than 2 % of the earth's land area but the species diversity is very high.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Find out the incorrect statement.

Options:
A In phycomycetes, asexual reproduction is through motile as well as nonmotile spores.
B In ascomycetes, asexual spores are formed exogenously and called conidia.
C In basidiomycetes, basidiospores are produced endogenously, unlike ascomycetes, where ascospores are produced exogenously
D All are correct statements

The correct answer is:
In basidiomycetes, basidiospores are produced endogenously, unlike ascomycetes, where ascospores are produced exogenously

Solution:
Kingdom Fungi is divided into four classes depending upon the mode of spore and fruiting bodies formation and morphology of mycelium. These are class Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes. Basidiomycetes are club fungi as they have a club-shaped organ known as a basidium. This structure bears spores on the outside of its body and thus differs from ascus in Ascomycetes which bear spores inside. In Phycomycetes asexual reproduction is through motile and non-motile. Mushrooms belong to this class.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Find out the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Archaebacteria flourish in hot springs and deep sea hydrothermal vents where temperature far exceed 100°C.
B Many fish thrive in Antarctic waters where the temperature is always below zero.
C A large variety of marine invertebrates and fish live at great depths in the ocean where the pressure could be >100 times the normal atmospheric pressure.
D Desert lizard have physiological ability that mammals have to deal with the high temperature of their habitat.

The correct answer is:
Desert lizard have physiological ability that mammals have to deal with the high temperature of their habitat.

Solution:
Some organisms show behavioural responses to cope up with variations in their environment. Desert lizards lack the physiological ability that mammals have to deal with the high temperatures of their habitat, but manage to keep their body temperature fairly constant by behavioural means. They bask in the sun and absorb heat when their body temperature drops below the comfort zone, but move into shade when the ambient temperature starts increasing. Some species are capable of burrowing into the soil to hide and escape from the above-ground heat.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Find out the incorrect statement from the following.

Options:
A Dark reaction depends on the product formed by light reaction.
B In the stroma, enzymatic reactions incorporate CO2 into the plant leading to the synthesis of sugar.
C Purple and green sulphur bacteria use H2S as hydrogen donor.
D There is no division of labour in chloroplast, dark and light reaction occurs in same compartment.

The correct answer is:
There is no division of labour in chloroplast, dark and light reaction occurs in same compartment.

Solution:
Photosynthesis consists of two steps, light reaction and dark reaction. Light reaction occurs in grana of chloroplast which are made up of bundles of grana. Dark reaction occurs in stroma of chloroplast. The product of light reaction are used in dark reaction to fix CO2 to form glucose.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Find out the incorrect statement from the following.

Options:
A Dark reaction depends on the product formed by light reaction.
B In stroma, enzymatic reactions incorporates CO2 into the plant leading to the synthesis of sugar.
C Purple and green sulphur bacteria use H2 S as hydrogen donor.
D There is no division of labour in chloroplast.

The correct answer is:
There is no division of labour in chloroplast.

Solution:
Division of labour occurs in the chloroplast. In grana, light reaction occurs in which ATP and NADPH + H are synthesized, which are used in dark reaction to reduce carbon dioxide to glucose. All enzymes of the Calvin cycle are present in the stroma.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Find out the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Virus free plant can be obtained by meristem culture.
B In micro-propagation somaclones are produced.
C A living plant cell whose cell wall is removed is known as protoplast.
D Pomato (gametic hybrid) has all the desired combinations of characteristics for its commercial utilization.

The correct answer is:
Pomato (gametic hybrid) has all the desired combinations of characteristics for its commercial utilization.

Solution:
Protoplast fusion or somatic hybridization: It is a fusion of protoplasts of two plants belonging to different varieties, species and even genera. The cells are first treated with enzymes pectinase and cellulase. These enzymes dissolve the cell wall, and as a result, naked protoplasts are produced.
The naked protoplasts can be fused by electrofusion or chemofusion (through PEG or sodium nitrate). It results in hybrid protoplasts. Hybrid protoplasts are grown to develop new plants. These hybrids are called somatic hybrids, and the process is called somatic hybridization. The somatic hybrid may have a synkaryon (single fused nucleus) or heterokaryon (having two unfused nuclei). The hybrid protoplast is called cytoplasmic hybrid or cybrid, if one of the two nuclei of this gets degenerated.
The first somatic hybrid was obtained by Carlson et. al. (1972) between Nicotiana glauca and N. langsdorfi (species of tobacco). The intergeneric somatic hybrids are pomato (potato x tomato), but unfortunately, pomato did not have all the desired combination of characteristics for its commercial utilization.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
Find out the incorrect statements:

A. PPLO is a prokaryotic cell.
B. W.B.C. shows amoeboid movement.
C. Mesosomes helps in the synthesis of carbohydrates.
D. Microbodies are cell organelles.
E. Prokaryotes have endomembrane cell-organelles.

Options:
A B, D and E
B B, C and E
C C, D and E
D C and E only

The correct answer is:
C and E only

Solution:
A special membranous structure is a mesosome which is formed by the extensions of the plasma membrane into the cell. These extensions are in the form of vesicles, tubules and lamellae. They help in cell wall formation, DNA replication and distribution to daughter cells. They also help in respiration, secretion processes, to increase the surface area of the plasma membrane and enzymatic content.
No organelles, like the ones in eukaryotes, are found in prokaryotic cells except for ribosomes.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Find out the mismatch.

Options:
A Binary fission - Amoeba
B Buds - Hydra
C Conidia - Pencillium
D Gemmules - Paramecium

The correct answer is:
Gemmules - Paramecium

Solution:
Asexual reproduction involves a single parents. Hence, no fusion of gametes is seen in this process. Hence, the progeny is identical to parents. There are different methods of asexual reproduction. These are binary fission which means one parent cell forms two daughter cells, seen in amoeba, paramecium etc, multiple fission seen in amoeba. Budding process seen in hydra, fragmentation seen in spirogyra etc. fungi and algae too show asexual reproduction by means of spore formation. These spores are zoospores (motile spores), conidia (exospores) and gemmules. Zoospores are seen in algae. Conidia formation is seen in penicillium and gemmule formation is seen in sponges.

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET