datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Which of the following statements about biodiversity is incorrect?

Options:
A Number of species in tropics is greater than number of species in polar regions.
B Number of species of vascular plants in a forest in Midwest USA is greater than the number of species of vascular plants in Equador.
C Number of species in India is greater than number of species in Norway.
D Number of bird species in Columbia is greater than number of bird species in New York.

The correct answer is:
Number of species of vascular plants in a forest in Midwest USA is greater than the number of species of vascular plants in Equador.

Solution:
The diversity of plants and animals is not uniform throughout the world but shows a rather uneven distribution. In general, species diversity decreases as we move away from the equator towards the poles. With very few exceptions, tropics (latitudinal range of 23.5° N to 23.5° S) harbour more species than temperate or polar areas. Colombia located near the equator has nearly 1,400 species of birds while New York at 41° N has 105 species and Greenland at 71° N only 56 species. India, with much of its land area in the tropical latitudes, has more than 1,200 species of birds. A forest in a tropical region like Equador has up to 10 times as many species of vascular plants as a forest of equal area in a temperate region like the Midwest of the USA. At the ecosystem level, India, for instance, with its deserts, rain forests, mangroves, coral reefs, wetlands, estuaries, and alpine meadows has a greater ecosystem diversity than a Scandinavian country like Norway.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Which of the following statements about conducting system of the heart is INCORRECT?

I. Mass of nodal tissue seen in the lower-left corner of the right atrium is the sinoatrial node.
II. The nodal musculature can generate action potentials only in response to external stimuli.
III. The number of action potentials that could be generated in a minute varies at different parts of the nodal system.
IV. The SAN can generate the maximum number of action potentials, i.e., 80-85 min-1.

Options:
A I, II, III and IV
B I, II and IV
C II, III and IV
D I, II and III

The correct answer is:
I, II and IV

Solution:
The specialized tissue(nodal tissue) present in the cardiac muscles, is located in the upper right corner of the right atrium. This tissue is autoexcitable, and generates impulses without any external stimuli, but with a variable number of action potential being generated in different parts of the nodal system. The SAN generates 70-75 action potential per min and is also known as the pacemaker of the heart.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Which of the following statements about cyanobacteria is incorrect?

Options:
A Cyanobacteria like Nostoc and Anabaena are chemosynthetic autotrophs.
B Cyanobacterial colonies are generally surrounded by a gelatinous sheath.
C They are unicellular, filamentous and terrestrial/marine organisms.
D Some of these organisms can fix nitrogen in specialized cells called heterocysts.

The correct answer is:
Cyanobacteria like Nostoc and Anabaena are chemosynthetic autotrophs.

Solution:
The cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) have chlorophyll a, similar to green plants, and are photosynthetic autotrophs. The cyanobacteria are unicellular, colonial or filamentous, freshwater/marine or terrestrial algae. The colonies are generally surrounded by a gelatinous sheath. They often form blooms in polluted water bodies. Some of these organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells called heterocysts, e.g., Nostoc and Anabaena.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Which of the following statements about cyclic photophosphorylation is not correct?

Options:
A It does not involve NADPH formation.
B Only PS-I is involved.
C It involves substrate-level phosphorylation.
D It does not generate oxygen.

The correct answer is:
It involves substrate-level phosphorylation.

Solution:
Photophosphorylation is the process of utilizing light energy from photosynthesis to convert ADP to ATP. It is the process of synthesizing energy-rich ATP molecules by transferring the phosphate group into the ADP molecule in the presence of light. It is of two types: cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation.
Meanwhile, substrate-level phosphorylation refers to the formation of ATP from ADP and a phosphorylated intermediate, rather than from ADP and inorganic phosphate, Pi, as is done in oxidative phosphorylation or photophosphorylation.
Thus, photophosphorylation does not involve substrate-level phosphorylation.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Which of the following statements about DDT are false?

I. DDT stands for dichlorodiphenyltrichloropropane and is an organochlorine insecticide.
II. DDT is soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents.
III. High concentrations of DDT disturb calcium metabolism in birds, which causes thinning of eggshell and their premature breaking.
IV. In fish-eating birds, the DDT can ultimately reach a very high level of 25 ppm.

Options:
A II, III and IV
B I and III
C II and IV
D I and II

The correct answer is:
I and II

Solution:
DDT is an organochlorine insecticide and it stands for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. DDT is lipophilic; hence, it is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents and fats. It is not biodegradable and can be stored in fat tissue. Thus, it accumulates in successive trophic levels. In fish-eating birds, the DDT can ultimately reach a very high level of 25 ppm (parts per million). High concentrations of DDT disturbs calcium metabolism in birds, which causes thinning of eggshell and their premature breaking.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
Which of the following statements about diamond and graphite, two allotropes of carbon, is correct?

Options:
A Diamond and graphite have the same chemical composition but different structural arrangements.
B Diamond and graphite have similar properties and uses in various industries.
C Diamond is composed of layers of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms, while graphite consists of a three-dimensional network of carbon atoms.
D Diamond is a good conductor of electricity, while graphite is an insulator.

The correct answer is:
Diamond and graphite have the same chemical composition but different structural arrangements.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
Diamond and graphite have the same chemical composition but different structural arrangements.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET
Which of the following statements about enthalpy change (∆H) for a chemical reaction is correct?

Options:
A ∆H is the same for all reactions.
B ∆H depends on the stoichiometry of the reaction.
C ∆H is always positive.
D ∆H is unrelated to the reactants and products.

The correct answer is:
∆H depends on the stoichiometry of the reaction.

Solution:
∆H depends on the specific reaction and the stoichiometry of reactants and products involved. It can vary for different reactions.

Topic: Chemistry, Thermodynamics (C), NEET
Which of the following statements about enzymes is wrong?

Options:
A Enzymes are denatured at high temperatures.
B Enzymes are mostly proteins but some are lipids also.
C Enzymes are highly specific.
D Enzymes require optimum $\mathrm{pH}$ and temperature for maximum activity.

The correct answer is:
Enzymes are mostly proteins but some are lipids also.

Solution:
Chemically, enzymes are generally globular proteins. Enzymes are catalysts that breakdown or synthesize more complex chemical compounds. They speed up the rate of chemical reactions because they lower the energy of activation, the energy that must be supplied in order for molecules to react with one another. Anything that an enzyme normally combines with is called a substrate. Enzymes are very efficient. Enzymes are only present in small amounts in the cell since they are not altered during their reactions. and they are highly specific for their substrate. Each enzyme has an optimum temperature and $\mathrm{pH}$ at which it works best. However, at much higher temperature, they are denatured.
Related Theory
Enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions because they lower the energy of activation, the energy that must be supplied in order for molecules to react with one another. Enzymes lower the energy of activation by forming an enzyme-substrate complex allowing products of the enzyme reaction to be formed and released
Caution
Ribozyme is a form of ribosomal RNA (23 SrRNA) which acts as a catalyst in splicing of RNA during protein synthesis. It is the only non-protein enzyme known so far, rest all the ensymes are proteinaceous

Topic: Biology, Biomolecules (B), NEET, NEET 2013 (Karnataka)
Which of the following statements about heart sound is correct?

Options:
A Lub is a diastolic heart sound.
B Lub occurs due to opening of semilunar valves
C Dub can't be easily heard with a stethoscope.
D Dub occurs due to closure of semilunar valves.

The correct answer is:
Dub occurs due to closure of semilunar valves.

Solution:
The cardiac cycle is a sequence of events cyclically repeated in the heart. This involves contraction of the heart i.e. systole and relaxation of the heart i.e. diastole of both atria and ventricles. Two prominent heart sounds are heard during each cardiac cycle. These are Lub-Dub and can be easily heard with the help of a stethoscope. The first heart sound is Lub or S1 and this is produced due to the closure of atrioventricular valves i.e. bicuspid and tricuspid valves and is heard at the beginning of ventricular systole. The second heart sound is Dub or S2 and this is due to the closure of semilunar valves and is heard at the end of ventricular systole.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Which of the following statements about HIV is/are correct?

A. HIV makes a copy of DNA from its RNA genome using enzyme reverse transcriptase.
B. HIV kills the macrophages it infects.
C. The genome of HIV comprises of two single-stranded RNA.
D. HIV causes depletion of helper T lymphocytes, due to which the person starts suffering from infections that would have been otherwise overcome; such as those due to bacteria Mycobacterium and other parasites.

Options:
A A & B
B A, B & C
C A, C & D
D A, B, C & D

The correct answer is:
A, C & D

Solution:
Attacking the macrophage HIV reservoir has proven a thornier issue. From the virus's standpoint, macrophages are an ideal reservoir cell because they are long-lived, because HIV does not kill macrophages by direct lysis, as it does CD4+T cells, and because virus production by chronically infected macrophages tends to be relatively insensitive to a variety of antiretroviral agents. Besides hosting a significant virus reservoir, chronically infected macrophages and/or their brain counterparts, microglia, may contribute to pathogenesis through the chronic aberrant release of a variety of host and viral cytoactive factors and may be subject to chronic dysregulation through the aberrant expression of surface receptors.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Which of the following statements about human kidneys are incorrect?

I. The cortex extends in between the medullary pyramids as renal columns called Columns of Bertini.
II. Inside the kidney, there are two zones, an outer cortex and an inner medulla.
III. Towards the centre of the inner convex surface of the kidney is a notch called hilum through which ureter, blood vessels and nerves enter.
IV. Human kidneys extend from the 12th thoracic vertebra to the 5th lumbar vertebra.

Options:
A I and III
B II and IV
C III and IV
D I and II

The correct answer is:
III and IV

Solution:
Human kidneys have an inner concave center which has a notch called hilum. The blood vessels and nerves enter the kidney through this notch. Human kidneys extend from the 12th thoracic vertebra to the 3rd lumbar vertebra. Human kidneys are metanephric i.e.they develop from the embryonic precursor 'metanephros'. Human kidneys are retroperitoneal i.e. their situated behind the peritoneum.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET
Which of the following statements about hydrogen is incorrect?

Options:
A Hydrogen has three isotopes of which tritium is the most common.
B Hydrogen never acts as cation in ionic salts.
C Hydronium ion, H3O+ exists freely in solution.
D Dihydrogen acts as a reducing agent

The correct answer is:
Hydrogen has three isotopes of which tritium is the most common.

Solution:
Hydrogen is having three isotopes protium, Deuterium and tritium in which tritium is Radioactive and very rare.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrogen, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 1)
Which of the following statements about hydrogen is incorrect?

Options:
A Hydrogen has three isotopes of which tritium is the most common.
B Hydrogen never acts as cation in ionic salts.
C Hydronium ion, H3O+ exists freely in solution.
D Dihydrogen acts as a reducing agent

The correct answer is:
Hydrogen has three isotopes of which tritium is the most common.

Solution:
Hydrogen is having three isotopes protium, Deuterium and tritium in which tritium is Radioactive and very rare.

Topic: Chemistry, s Block Elements, NEET
Which of the following statements about hydrostatic pressure is true?

Options:
A Hydrostatic pressure is a vector quantity.
B Hydrostatic pressure is a scalar quantity.
C Hydrostatic pressure is equal to the force divided by area.
D Hydrostatic pressure depends on the direction of force.

The correct answer is:
Hydrostatic pressure is a scalar quantity.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
Hydrostatic pressure is a scalar quantity.

Topic: Chemistry, Mechanical Properties of Fluids, NEET
Which of the following statements about inclusion bodies in incorrect?

Options:
A These are involved in ingestion of food particles
B They lie free in the cytoplasm
C These represent reserve material in cytoplasm
D They are not bound by any membrane

The correct answer is:
These are involved in ingestion of food particles

Solution:
Inclusion bodies: Reserve material in prokaryotic cells are stored in the cytoplasm in the form of inclusion bodies. These are not bounded by any membrane system and lie free in the cytoplasm, e.g., phosphate granules, cyanophycean granules, and glycogen granules. Some other inclusion bodies may be surrounded by a single layer non-unit membrane, which is 2-4 nm thick. e.g.-poly-β-hydroxybutyrate granules, sulphur granules, and gas vacuole. Gas vacuoles are found in blue-green algae, purple and green photosynthetic bacteria.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET, NEET 2020 (Phase 1)
Which of the following statements about internal energy is correct?

Options:
A It only includes mechanical energy.
B It does not change when matter enters or leaves the system.
C It is a state function.
D It depends on the surroundings.

The correct answer is:
It is a state function.

Solution:
Internal energy is a state function in thermodynamics, meaning it depends only on the state of the system and not on the path taken.

Topic: Chemistry, Thermodynamics (C), NEET
Which of the following statements about low density polythene is false?

Options:
A It is used in the manufacture of buckets, dust-bins etc.
B Its synthesis requires high pressure
C It is a poor conductor of electricity
D Its synthesis requires dioxygen or a peroxide initiator as a catalyst.

The correct answer is:
It is used in the manufacture of buckets, dust-bins etc.

Solution:
Low density polythene: It is obtained by the polymerisation of ethene under high pressure of 1000-2000 atm. at a temp. of 350 K to 570 K in the pressure of traces of dioxygen or a peroxide initiator (cont).
Low density polythene is chemically inert and poor conductor of electricity. It is used for manufacture squeeze bottles, toys and flexible pipes.

Topic: Chemistry, Polymers, NEET
Which of the following statements about methanogens is not correct?

Options:
A They can be used to produce biogas
B They are found in the rumen of cattle and their excreta
C They grow aerobically and breakdown cellulose rich food
D They produce methane gas

The correct answer is:
They grow aerobically and breakdown cellulose rich food

Solution:
Statement (c) is incorrect. Correct information about the statement is as follows Certain bacteria, which grow anaerobically on cellulosic material, produce large amount of methane along with $\mathrm{CO}_2$ and $\mathrm{H}_2$. These bacteria are collectively called methanogens and one such example is Methanobacterium. Rest statements are correct.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET, NEET 2019 (Odisha)
Which of the following statements about molecular diagnosis is correct?

Options:
A PCR can detect high amounts of viral DNA present in the diseased patient.
B ELISA incorporates the use of a radioactive probe which is allowed to hybridise to its complementary DNA.
C PCR is a powerful technique to identify different genetic disorders and is also used in the detection of mutated genes in suspected cancer patients,
D Recombinant DNA technology is a risky method and hence is not used in molecular diagnosis.

The correct answer is:
PCR is a powerful technique to identify different genetic disorders and is also used in the detection of mutated genes in suspected cancer patients,

Solution:
Presence of a pathogen (bacteria, viruses, etc.) is normally suspected only when the pathogen has produced a disease symptom. By this time the concentration of pathogen is already very high in the body. However, very low concentration of a bacteria or virus (at a time when the symptoms of the disease are not yet visible) can be detected by amplification of their nucleic acid by PCR.
PCR is now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients. It is being used to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients too. It is a powerful technique to identify many other genetic disorders. A single-stranded DNA or RNA, tagged with a radioactive molecule (probe) is allowed to hybridise to its complementary DNA in a clone of cells followed by detection using autoradiography. The clone having the mutated gene will hence not appear on the photographic film, because the probe will not have complementarity with the mutated gene.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Which of the following statements about ozone is correct?

Options:
A Tropospheric ozone protects us from UV- radiations
B Stratospheric ozone is 'bad'
C Tropospheric ozone is 'good'
D Stratospheric ozone protects us from UV- radiations

The correct answer is:
Stratospheric ozone protects us from UV- radiations

Solution:
Statement (d) is correct. Stratospheric ozone protects us from UV radiations of the sun. Correct information about incorrect statements is as follows.
Good ozone is found in the upper part of the atmosphere, i.e. stratosphere. Bad ozone is formed in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) that harms plants and animals.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET, NEET 2019 (Odisha)
Which of the following statements about partial pressures of gases is CORRECT?

Options:
A Inspiration can occur if the intra-pulmonary pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure, i.e., there is a positive pressure in the lungs with respect to atmospheric pressure.
B Expiration can occur if the intra-pulmonary pressure is more than the atmospheric pressure, i.e., there is a negative pressure in the lungs with respect to atmospheric pressure.
C Inspiration is initiated by the contraction of diaphragm which increases the volume of thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis.
D The contraction of external intercostal muscles lifts up the ribs and the sternum causing an increase in the volume of the thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis.

The correct answer is:
Inspiration is initiated by the contraction of diaphragm which increases the volume of thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis.

Solution:
Inspiration can occur if the pressure within the lungs (intra-pulmonary pressure) is less than the atmospheric pressure, i.e., there is a negative pressure in the lungs with respect to atmospheric pressure. Similarly, expiration takes place when the intra-pulmonary pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure. Inspiration is initiated by the contraction of diaphragm which increases the volume of thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis. The contraction of external intercostal muscles lifts up the ribs and the sternum causing an increase in the volume of the thoracic chamber in the dorso-ventral axis.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Which of the following statements about phenol-formaldehyde polymers is true?

Options:
A They are thermoplastic and can be remoulded.
B They are primarily used for making combs and phonograph records.
C They are formed by chain-growth polymerization.
D They are known for their flexibility.

The correct answer is:
They are thermoplastic and can be remoulded.

Solution:
Phenol-formaldehyde polymers, specifically novolac, are thermoplastic and can be remoulded.

Topic: Chemistry, Polymers, NEET
Which of the following statements about pollen is correct?

Options:
A Sporopollenin is responsible for fossilization of pollens
B Pollen consumption has been claimed to increase the performance of athletes and race horses.
C Pollen grains are not rich in nutrients.
D More than one option is correct

The correct answer is:
More than one option is correct

Solution:
Pollen grains are rich in nutrients. It has become a fashion in recent years to use pollen tablets as food supplements. In western countries, a large number of pollen products in the form of tablets and syrups are available in the market. Pollen consumption has been claimed to increase the performance of athletes and race horses.
No enzyme that degrades sporopollenin is known to date. Thus, pollen grains are well preserved as fossils because of the presence of sporopollenin.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Which of the following statements about primary amines is false ?

Options:
A Alkyl amines are stronger bases than aryl amines
B Alkyl amines react with nitrous acid to produce alcohols
C Aryl amines react with nitrous acid to produce phenols
D Alkyl amines are stronger bases than ammonia

The correct answer is:
Aryl amines react with nitrous acid to produce phenols

Solution:
Key Idea (i) Presence of electron withdrawing substituent decreases the basicity while the presence of electron releasing substituent like, $-\mathrm{CH}_3,-\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_5$ etc increases the acidity.
(ii) $\mathrm{HNO}_2$ converts $-\mathrm{NH}_2$ group of aliphatic amine into $-\mathrm{OH}$ while that of aromatic amines into $-\mathrm{N}=\mathrm{NCl}$.
Since, phenyl group is a electron withdrawing group, it decreases the basicity. Alkyl group, on the other hand, being electron releasing, increases the basicity. Thus, alkyl amines are more basic as compared to aryl amines as well as ammonia.
$$
\mathrm{R}-\mathrm{NH}_2 \stackrel{\mathrm{HNO}_2}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{R}-\mathrm{OH}
$$
Thus, $\mathrm{HNO}_2$ (nitrous acid) converts alkyl amines to alcohols.
But $\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{NH}_2 \stackrel{\mathrm{HNO}_2}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{~N}=\mathrm{NCl}$
benzene diazonium chloride
Thus, $\mathrm{HNO}_2$ does not convert aryl amines into phenol.

Topic: Chemistry, Alcohols Phenols and Ethers, NEET, NEET 2010 (Screening)
Which of the following statements about primary amines is ‘False’?

Options:
A Alkyl amines are stronger bases than ammonia
B Alkyl amines are stronger bases than aryl amines
C Alkyl amines react with nitrous acid to produce alcohols
D Aryl amines react with nitrous acid to produce phenols

The correct answer is:
Aryl amines react with nitrous acid to produce phenols

Solution:
As arylamines react with HNO2 to give benzene diazonium salt and not phenol so it is incorrect statement.

Topic: Chemistry, Amines, NEET