datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
What was one of the major uses of carbon tetrachloride?

Options:
A Food preservative
B Fire extinguisher
C Cleaning fluid
D Fertilizer

The correct answer is:
Cleaning fluid

Solution:
Until the mid-1960s, carbon tetrachloride was widely used as a cleaning fluid.

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET
What was one of the three connotations of the theory of special creation?

Options:
A That the earth is about 4000 years old
B That all living organisms were created as such
C That the diversity was always changing
D That new forms of life arose at different periods of history of earth

The correct answer is:
That the earth is about 4000 years old

Solution:
One of the three connotations of the theory of special creation is that earth is about 4000 years old.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
What was Paul Ehrlich's primary motivation for investigating arsenic-based structures?

Options:
A To produce toxic substances for the treatment of syphilis
B To discover new types of dyes
C To find less toxic substances for the treatment of syphilis
D To study the structure of azodyes

The correct answer is:
To find less toxic substances for the treatment of syphilis

Solution:
Paul Ehrlich investigated arsenic-based structures in order to produce less toxic substances for the treatment of syphilis.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET
What was Stanley Cohen studying?

Options:
A Small ringlets of DNA
B E. coli bacterium
C Animal cells
D Plant cells

The correct answer is:
Small ringlets of DNA

Solution:
Stanley Cohen had been studying small ringlets of DNA called plasmids.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
What was the atomic weight relationship among the elements in each Triad noted by Dobereiner?

Options:
A The middle element had a higher atomic weight.
B The atomic weights of all three elements were the same.
C The atomic weight of the middle element was halfway between the other two.
D The atomic weights of the other two elements were equal.

The correct answer is:
The atomic weight of the middle element was halfway between the other two.

Solution:
In each Triad, Johann Dobereiner noted that the atomic weight of the middle element was about halfway between the atomic weights of the other two.

Topic: Chemistry, Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties, NEET
What was the basis for assigning mass values to elements in the nineteenth century?

Options:
A The absolute mass of hydrogen
B The relative mass of hydrogen
C The mass of carbon-12
D The mass of carbon-14

The correct answer is:
The relative mass of hydrogen

Solution:
In the nineteenth century, hydrogen, being the lightest atom, was assigned a mass of 1 (without any units), and other elements were assigned masses relative to hydrogen.

Topic: Chemistry, Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry, NEET
What was the basis of the explanation provided by Kössel and Lewis for valence?

Options:
A The reactivity of noble gases
B The number of elements in the periodic table
C The atomic structure of metals
D The behaviour of nonmetals

The correct answer is:
The reactivity of noble gases

Solution:
Kössel and Lewis based their explanation of valence on the inertness (lack of reactivity) of noble gases.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET
What was the basis upon which the discipline of biotechnology was founded?

Options:
A Combining Stanley Cohen's process with Herbert Boyer's DNA splicing
B The discovery of the capability of cutting DNA strands in a particular fashion
C The capability of inserting DNA in animal cells
D The discovery of 'sticky ends' on DNA strands

The correct answer is:
Combining Stanley Cohen's process with Herbert Boyer's DNA splicing

Solution:
The discipline of biotechnology was founded on the basis of combining Stanley Cohen's process of removing plasmids from the cell and reinserting them in other cells with Herbert Boyer's DNA splicing, enabling them to recombine segments of DNA in desired configurations.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
What was the biggest challenge in proving that the codon was a triplet?

Options:
A Deciding the number of nucleotides required to code for amino acids
B Determining the biochemical nature of genetic material
C Providing proof that the codon was a triplet
D Deciphering the combination of nucleotides to code for all 20 amino acids

The correct answer is:
Providing proof that the codon was a triplet

Solution:
The biggest challenge was providing proof that the codon was a triplet.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
What was the brain capacity of Homo erectus?

Options:
A 650-800cc
B 900cc
C 1200cc
D 1400cc

The correct answer is:
900cc

Solution:
Homo erectus had a large brain around 900cc.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
What was the brain capacity of Homo habilis?

Options:
A 650-800cc
B 900cc
C 1400cc
D 1800cc

The correct answer is:
650-800cc

Solution:
The brain capacity of Homo habilis was between 650-800cc.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
What was the brain capacity of Homo habilis?

Options:
A 650-800cc
B 900cc
C 1200cc
D 1400cc

The correct answer is:
650-800cc

Solution:
The brain capacities of Homo habilis were between 650:800cc

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
What was the brain size of Neanderthal man?

Options:
A 650-800cc
B 900cc
C 1400cc
D 1800cc

The correct answer is:
1400cc

Solution:
The brain size of Neanderthal man was 1400cc

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
What was the cause of the "bakanae" disease of rice seedlings?

Options:
A A fungal pathogen
B A viral pathogen
C A bacterial pathogen
D A chemical pathogen

The correct answer is:
A fungal pathogen

Solution:
The "bakanae" disease of rice seedlings was caused by a fungal pathogen Gibberella fujikuroi.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET
What was the challenge in decoding the genetic code?

Options:
A Determining the structure of DNA
B Finding the complementarity between nucleotides and amino acids
C Deciding the number of nucleotides required to code for amino acids
D Deciphering the combination of nucleotides to code for all 20 amino acids

The correct answer is:
Deciphering the combination of nucleotides to code for all 20 amino acids

Solution:
Deciphering the combination of nucleotides to code for all 20 amino acids was the biggest challenge in decoding the genetic code.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
What was the conclusion drawn from the Hershey-Chase experiment?

Options:
A Proteins are the genetic material
B RNA is the genetic material
C DNA is the genetic material
D Carbohydrates are the genetic material

The correct answer is:
DNA is the genetic material

Solution:
The infection proceeded, the viral coats were removed from the bacteriA) Bacteria which was infected with viruses that had radioactive DNA were radioactive, indicating that DNA was the material that passed from the virus to the bacteria. Bacteria that were infected with viruses that had radioactive proteins were not radioactive. This indicates that proteins did not enter the bacteria from the viruses. DNA is therefore the genetic material that is passed from virus to bacteria.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
What was the conclusion of Griffith's experiments regarding the transfer of the genetic material?

Options:
A The transfer of the genetic material was due to the transfer of a transforming principle.
B The transfer of the genetic material was not proven in the experiments.
C The biochemical nature of the genetic material was defined in the experiments.
D The transfer of the genetic material was due to the transfer of antibiotic resistance.

The correct answer is:
The transfer of the genetic material was due to the transfer of a transforming principle.

Solution:
Griffith concluded that the transfer of the genetic material was due to the transfer of a transforming principle from the heat-killed S strain to the R strain bacteria

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
What was the conclusion of Hershey and Chase's experiments regarding the hereditary material?

Options:
A RNA is the hereditary material
B Proteins are the hereditary material
C DNA is the hereditary material
D Both proteins and DNA are hereditary materials

The correct answer is:
DNA is the hereditary material

Solution:
Hershey and Chase concluded that DNA is the hereditary material that is passed from virus to bacteria.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
What was the conclusion of Joseph Priestley's experiments with a burning candle and a plant in a closed space?

Options:
A Breathing animals and burning candles remove oxygen from the air
B Breathing animals and burning candles damage the air
C Breathing animals and burning candles release carbon dioxide into the air
D Breathing animals and burning candles do not affect the air

The correct answer is:
Breathing animals and burning candles damage the air

Solution:
Joseph Priestley performed a series of experiments that revealed the essential role of air in the growth of green plants. He observed that a candle burning in a closed space soon gets extinguished and concluded that breathing animals

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
What was the conclusion of the experiment described in the paragraph?

Options:
A Light is not required for photosynthesis
B CO₂ is not required for photosynthesis
C CO₂ is required for photosynthesis
D KOH is required for photosynthesis

The correct answer is:
CO₂ is required for photosynthesis

Solution:
The conclusion of the experiment described in the paragraph is that CO₂ is required for photosynthesis. This is concluded from the observation that the portion of the leaf exposed to air tested positive for starch while the portion that was in the test tube with KOH, which absorbs CO₂, tested negative.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
What was the critical influence in Crick's career?

Options:
A His Ph.D) thesis
B His friendship with Watson
C His research on nucleic acids
D His Nobel Prize

The correct answer is:
His friendship with Watson

Solution:
A critical influence in Crick's career was his friendship with J. D) Watson, leading to the proposal of the double helical structure for DNA and the replication scheme.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
What was the difference between the S strain and R strain bacteria in Griffith's experiments?

Options:
A S strain bacteria were virulent while R strain bacteria were non-virulent.
B S strain bacteria were heat-resistant while R strain bacteria were heat-sensitive.
C S strain bacteria produced smooth colonies while R strain bacteria produced rough colonies.
D S strain bacteria were antibiotic-resistant while R strain bacteria were antibiotic-sensitive.

The correct answer is:
S strain bacteria produced smooth colonies while R strain bacteria produced rough colonies.

Solution:
S strain bacteria produced smooth shiny colonies while the R strain bacteria produced rough colonies.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
What was the earlier name for saturated hydrocarbons like alkanes?

Options:
A Paraffin
B Aromatics
C Olefins
D Alkenes

The correct answer is:
Paraffin

Solution:
The earlier name for saturated hydrocarbons like alkanes was paraffin.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
What was the earlier use of iodoform?

Options:
A A food preservative
B An antiseptic
C A cleaning agent
D A solvent

The correct answer is:
An antiseptic

Solution:
Iodoform was used earlier as an antiseptic.

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET
What was the effect of the RCH programme on the population growth rate in India?

Options:
A Significant decrease
B No change
C Marginal decrease
D Significant increase

The correct answer is:
Marginal decrease

Solution:
Through our Reproductive Child Health (RCH) programme, though we could bring down the population growth rate, it was only marginal.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
What was the expected behavior of α-particles according to Thomson's model?

Options:
A They would pass directly through the gold foil.
B They would slow down and change directions by large angles.
C They would be absorbed by the gold foil.
D They would bounce back at nearly 180°.

The correct answer is:
They would pass directly through the gold foil.

Solution:
According to Thomson's model, α-particles were expected to pass directly through the gold foil.

Topic: Chemistry, Structure of Atom, NEET
What was the first animal that lived on both land and water?

Options:
A Fish
B Invertebrates
C Plants
D Amphibians

The correct answer is:
Amphibians

Solution:
The lobe fins evolved into the first amphibians that lived on both land and water, which was about 350 million years ago.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
What was the first antibiotic discovered?

Options:
A Penicillin
B Streptomycin
C Tetracycline
D Erythromycin

The correct answer is:
Penicillin

Solution:
Penicillin was the first antibiotic to be discovered.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
What was the first clinical gene therapy used for?

Options:
A Adenosine deaminase deficiency
B Bone marrow transplantation
C Enzyme replacement therapy
D Periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes

The correct answer is:
Adenosine deaminase deficiency

Solution:
The first clinical gene therapy was used to treat adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency in a 4-year old girl.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
What was the first effective antibacterial agent prepared by Paul Ehrlich?

Options:
A Sulphanilamide
B Prontosil
C Salvarsan
D Arsphenamine

The correct answer is:
Prontosil

Solution:
In 1932, Paul Ehrlich succeeded in preparing the first effective antibacterial agent, prontosil.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET
What was the first form of water on Earth?

Options:
A Rain
B Ocean
C Vapor
D Solid

The correct answer is:
Vapor

Solution:
Water vapor, methane, carbon dioxide, and ammonia released from molten mass covered the surface of the early Earth.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
What was the first instance of recombinant DNA construction made of?

Options:
A A piece of cut DNA from a plasmid responsible for antibiotic resistance
B A type of bacterium
C A viral particle
D Antibiotic resistance gene

The correct answer is:
A piece of cut DNA from a plasmid responsible for antibiotic resistance

Solution:
The first instance of recombinant DNA construction was made of a piece of cut DNA from a plasmid responsible for antibiotic resistance.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
What was the first organism in which semiconservative DNA replication was proven?

Options:
A Escherichia coli
B Plants
C Human cells
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Escherichia coli

Solution:
Semiconservative DNA replication was first proven in Escherichia coli, and was subsequently shown in higher organisms such as plants and human cells. Meselson and Stahl's experiment showed that DNA replicates semiconservatively in E. coli.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
What was the first organism that invaded land?

Options:
A Fish
B Invertebrates
C Plants
D Amphibians

The correct answer is:
Plants

Solution:
The first organisms that invaded land were plants, they were widespread on land when animals invaded land.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
What was the first postgraduate course formulated by Ramdeo Misra?

Options:
A Ministry of Environment and Forests
B Ecology in India
C Sanjay Gandhi Award in Environment and Ecology
D World Academy of Arts and Science

The correct answer is:
Ecology in India

Solution:
Ramdeo Misra formulated the first postgraduate course in ecology in India.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
What was the first product identified during CO₂ fixation in photosynthesis?

Options:
A 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)
B NADPH
C ATP
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)

Solution:
The first product identified during CO₂ fixation in photosynthesis was 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA).

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
What was the first transgenic cow able to produce?

Options:
A Human protein-enriched milk
B Milk with a higher nutritional value for human babies
C Milk with higher levels of growth hormones
D Milk with more balanced protein content

The correct answer is:
Human protein-enriched milk

Solution:
The first transgenic cow, Rosie, produced human protein-enriched milk that contained the human alpha-lactalbumin.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
What was the focus of Swaminathan's research at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI)?

Options:
A Human genetics
B Animal breeding
C Plant breeding and genetics
D Aerospace research

The correct answer is:
Plant breeding and genetics

Solution:
He worked at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute's School of Cytogenetics and Radiation Research where he and his team developed high-yielding varieties of rice through plant breeding and genetics.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
What was the forest coverage of India at the beginning of the 20th century?

Options:
A 21.54%
B 33%
C 67%
D 30%

The correct answer is:
30%

Solution:
At the beginning of the 20th century, forests covered about 30% of the land of India.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
What was the goal of breeding strategy?

Options:
A To reduce the accumulation of superior genes
B To eliminate less desirable genes
C To increase homozygosity
D To reduce fertility and productivity

The correct answer is:
To eliminate less desirable genes

Solution:
The goal of breeding strategy, was to eliminate less desirable genes and accumulate superior genes. This was similar to the approach used for developing purelines in cattle.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
What was the government asked to do under the directives of the Supreme Court?

Options:
A Increase the number of buses
B Convert the fleet of public transport to CNG
C Increase the supply of CNG
D Increase the use of low-sulphur petrol

The correct answer is:
Convert the fleet of public transport to CNG

Solution:
The government was asked to convert the entire fleet of public transport, i.e., buses, from diesel to compressed natural gas (CNG) under the directives of the Supreme Court.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
What was the Green Revolution successful in achieving?

Options:
A Tripling the food supply
B Increasing the use of agrochemicals
C Improving crop varieties
D All of the above

The correct answer is:
Tripling the food supply

Solution:
The Green Revolution was successful in tripling the food supply by using improved management practices and the use of agrochemicals.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
What was the idea of health according to early Greeks and Indian Ayurveda system of medicine?

Options:
A Health is a state of balance between body and mind
B Health is determined by the amount of "black bile" in the body
C Health is affected by neural and endocrine systems
D Health is only influenced by genetic disorders

The correct answer is:
Health is determined by the amount of "black bile" in the body

Solution:
Early Greeks and Indian Ayurveda system of medicine believed that a person's health was determined by the balance of certain "humors" in the body, and that persons with "black bile" belonged to hot personality and would have fevers.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
What was the improvement that Bohr's model brought over Rutherford's nuclear model?

Options:
A It introduced the concept of electrons.
B It explained the quantization of energy.
C It could predict atomic radii.
D It accounted for the complexity of electron behavior.

The correct answer is:
It explained the quantization of energy.

Solution:
Bohr's model improved upon Rutherford's model by explaining the quantization of energy.

Topic: Chemistry, Structure of Atom, NEET
What was the increase in rice production from 1960 to 2000?

Options:
A from 35 million tonnes to 59.5 million tonnes
B from 35 million tonnes to 69.5 million tonnes
C from 35 million tonnes to 79.5 million tonnes
D from 35 million tonnes to 89.5 million tonnes

The correct answer is:
from 35 million tonnes to 89.5 million tonnes

Solution:
Rice production went up from 35 million tonnes to 89.5 million tonnes during the period 1960 to 2000.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
What was the increase in wheat production from 1960 to 2000?

Options:
A from 11 million tonnes to 55 million tonnes
B from 11 million tonnes to 65 million tonnes
C from 11 million tonnes to 75 million tonnes
D from 11 million tonnes to 85 million tonnes

The correct answer is:
from 11 million tonnes to 75 million tonnes

Solution:
Wheat production increased from 11 million tonnes to 75 million tonnes during the period 1960 to 2000.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
What was the initial belief about the genetic material before the work of Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty?

Options:
A DNA
B RNA
C Protein
D Carbohydrates

The correct answer is:
Protein

Solution:
Prior to the work of Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty (1933-44), the genetic material was thought to be a protein.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
What was the initial use of nicotine in agricultural practices prior to World War II?

Options:
A Fertilizer additive
B Pest controlling substance
C Soil conditioner
D Growth stimulant

The correct answer is:
Pest controlling substance

Solution:
Nicotine was used as a pest controlling substance for major crops in agricultural practices by planting tobacco plants in crop fields before World War II.

Topic: Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, NEET
What was the major conclusion drawn from the scattering experiment's results?

Options:
A The existence of electrons within the nucleus.
B The uniform distribution of mass in the nucleus.
C The presence of a small, dense nucleus.
D The absence of α-particles in the nucleus.

The correct answer is:
The presence of a small, dense nucleus.

Solution:
The major conclusion from the scattering experiment was the presence of a small, dense nucleus within the atom.

Topic: Chemistry, Structure of Atom, NEET
What was the medium used for growing E. coli in the first part of the experiment?

Options:
A Normal 14NH₄Cl
B 15NH₄Cl
C CsCl density gradient
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
15NH₄Cl

Solution:
In the first part of the experiment, E. coli was grown in a medium containing 15NH₄Cl as the only nitrogen source. The incorporation of 15N into the newly synthesized DNA allowed the researchers to distinguish it from the parental DNA.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
What was the most significant trend in the evolution of modern man (Homo sapiens) from his ancestors?

Options:
A Shortening of jaws
B Binocular vision
C Increasing brain capacity
D Upright posture

The correct answer is:
Increasing brain capacity

Solution:
The first human-like being was the hominid, called Homo habilis. The brain capacities were between $650-800 \mathrm{cc}$. They probably did not eat meat. Fossils discovered in Java in 1891 revealed the next stage, i.e. Homo erectus. Homo erectus had a large brain and probably ate meat. The Neanderthal man with a brain size of 1400 cc lived in near east and central Asia between $1,00,00-40,000$ year back. They used hides to protect their body and burried their dead. Homo sapiens arose in Africa and moved across continents and developed into distinct races. During ice age between 75,000-10,000 years back modern Homo sapiens arose.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET, NEET 2011 (Screening)