datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Steller's sea cow from Russia, described by George Wilhelm Steller became extinct due to

Options:
A Habitat destruction
B Over-exploitation
C Bird-flu virus infection
D Pollution

The correct answer is:
Over-exploitation

Solution:
Overexploitation is one of the four major causes of biodiversity loss as. Humans depend for their needs on nature and as a result of which they overexploit the natural resources leading to loss of biodiversity. IUCN has recorded in the last 500 years the extinction of 785 species. Some examples of recent extinctions include the Dodo endemic in Mauritius, Quagga endemic in Africa, Dodo endemic in Mauritius, Thylacine endemic in Australia, Steller's Sea Cow endemic in Russia and three subspecies of tiger. Passenger pigeon and Steller's sea cow were hunted by humans leading to their decrease.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Stem tendrils develop from ________ in plants like gourds.

Options:
A axillary bud
B apical bud
C leaves
D apical meristem

The correct answer is:
axillary bud

Solution:
The stem is a part of a plant consisting of branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. They also exhibit buds which can be axillary or terminal. They perform the function of conducting water, food and minerals and photosynthesis. In some plants, the stem is modified in different structures to perform various functions. In some plants like cucumber, pumpkins, watermelons and grapevines stem is modified into a thin and spirally coiled structure called tendrils which are developed from the axillary bud.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Stems modified into flat green organs performing the functions of leaves are known as:

Options:
A Cladodes
B Phyllodes
C Phylloclades
D Scales

The correct answer is:
Phylloclades

Solution:
Stem modified into flat green organs performing the functions of leaves are known as phylloclades whereas phyllode is a modification of petiole. Cladode is a flattened organ arising from the stem of a plant. These often replace the leaves in photosynthetic function, as leaves in such plants are typically reduced to scales. Example: Asparagus, butcher's broom. Scale is a modified thick and fleshy leaf.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 1)
Steps taken by the Government of India to control air pollution include

Options:
A compulsory mixing of $20 \%$ ethyl alcohol with petrol and $20 \%$ biodiesel with diesel
B compulsory PUC (Pollution Under Control) certification of petrol driven vehicles, which tests for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons
C permission to use only pure diesel with a maximum of $500 \mathrm{ppm}$ sulphur as fuel for vehicles
D use of поп-polluting Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) only as fuel by all buses and trucks

The correct answer is:
compulsory PUC (Pollution Under Control) certification of petrol driven vehicles, which tests for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons

Solution:
Government of India have been taken many steps to control air pollution. Out of which one includes compulsory PUC (Pollution Under Control) certification of petrol driven vehicles, which test for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Steps taken by the Government of India to control air pollution include:

Options:
A Compulsory mixing of 20% ethyl alcohol with petrol and 20% biodiesel with diesel
B Compulsory PUC (Pollution Under Control) certification of petrol-driven vehicles, which do not test for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons
C Permission to use only pure diesel with a maximum of 500 ppm sulphur as fuel for vehicles
D Use of non-polluting Compressed Natural Gas(CNG) only as fuel by all buses and trucks

The correct answer is:
Use of non-polluting Compressed Natural Gas(CNG) only as fuel by all buses and trucks

Solution:
Air pollution problem in India become so serious that a public interest litigation (PIL) was filed in the supreme court. Under its directives, the government was asked to take appropriate measures including switching over the entire fleet of public transport from diesel to compressed natural gas (CNG).

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
Sterilization techniques are the last option for couples because

I. It is almost irreversible.
II. There is a misconception that it will reduce sexual/urge drive.
III. It is a surgical procedure.
IV. There is a lack of sufficient facilities in many parts of the country.

Options:
A I and III
B II and III
C II and IV
D I, II, III and IV

The correct answer is:
I, II, III and IV

Solution:
Sterilization is a permanent method of birth control. It is a surgical process called vasectomy (cutting of vas deferens) in males and tubectomy (cutting of fallopian tube) in females. Since it involves surgery not many couples opt for it. Also, the expertise to perform these surgeries is not present in many parts of India, especially the rural areas. Many couples don't opt for it as they believe that it reduces sex drive which is a misconception.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
Steroid hormones are similar in structure to

Options:
A tyrosine
B cholesterol
C triglycerides
D coenzyme A

The correct answer is:
cholesterol

Solution:
Steroid hormones are a group of hormones that belong to the class of steroids. These hormones are derived from cholesterol and hence are structurally similar to it. They play a vital role in regulating physiological functions in the body. Since steroid hormones are insoluble in water they are transported through transport proteins in the bloodstream.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Steroid hormones

Options:
A Pass easily through the cell membrane to act in the nucleus
B Include testosterone, glucocorticoids and relaxin
C Are produced in the gonads only
D Stimulates liver cells to convert glucose toglycogen

The correct answer is:
Pass easily through the cell membrane to act in the nucleus

Solution:
Hormones that have a cholesterol backbone and are not soluble in water due to their lipid structure; steroid hormones are transported through the blood attached to carrier proteins. Steroid hormones penetrate through the cell membrane and interact with nuclear receptors that affect DNA transcription. steroids easily pass through cell membranes and can work in the nucleus. Hormones influence the growth and development of organisms.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Sticky ends, observed in the DNA, are due to the action of a particular type of nucleases. Which of the following statement is correct regarding the sticky ends of the DNA strand?

Options:
A The sticky ends are made of unpaired nucleotides
B The sticky ends have an adhesive group for attachment.
C The sticky ends are made of paired up nucleotides
D The sticky ends are made by the action of ligases

The correct answer is:
The sticky ends are made of unpaired nucleotides

Solution:
Restriction endonucleases are a group of nucleases that break the phosphodiester bond in the DNA that result in a 'cut' in the DNA strand and separation. These enzymes cut the DNA at a particular site and may leave single stranded portions at the ends. These overhanging stretches of unpaired nucleotides are called sticky ends.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Sticky pollen grains with large and attractive coloured flowers is characteristic of flower showing

Options:
A Anemophily
B Entomophily
C Hydrophily
D Malacophily

The correct answer is:
Entomophily

Solution:
Entomophily type of pollination takes place through the agency of insects. The entomophilous flowers are brightly coloured and fragrant to attract the insects. Their pollen grains are sticky or spiny to easily get attached to the body of pollinators. When the insects visit the flowers, their body gets dusted with pollen grains, and when they fly and visit other flowers, they brush against the stigma which being sticky, at once receives the pollen grains from their body. Thus, cross-pollination is achieved.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Stilbene PhCH=CHPh can exist in two diastereomeric forms X and Y and X is found to be more soluble in water than Y .Predict which of the following statement is correct?

Options:
A X is trans isomer
B Stability of X> Stability of Y
C Melting point of X> melting point of Y
D Boiling point of X> boiling point of Y

The correct answer is:
Boiling point of X> boiling point of Y

Solution:
Cis form is more polar than trans form, that's why greater boiling pont.
↑polarity
↑solubility
↑Boiling Point
more polar compound more soluble in water (-pole moment)

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
Stimulation of a muscle fiber by a motor neuron occurs at:

Options:
A the neuromuscular junction
B the transverse tubules
C the myofibril
D the sacroplasmic reticulum

The correct answer is:
the neuromuscular junction

Solution:
Stimulation of a muscle fiber, by a motor neuron, occurs at the sarcolemma of neuro-muscular junction due to the release of a neurotransmitter (acetylcholine).

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET, NEET 2014
Stirred tank bioreactors have been designed for

Options:
A Addition of preservatives to the product
B Purification of the product
C Ensuring anaerobic conditions in the culture vessel
D Availability of oxygen throughout the process

The correct answer is:
Availability of oxygen throughout the process

Solution:
Stirred-tank bioreactors have a cylindrical or a curved based structure to facilitate the mixing of the nutrients. It is designed for supplying air or oxygen throughout the process. The presence of a rotor with a blade or shaft facilitates even mixing and oxygen availability throughout the bioreactor.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Stirred-tank bioreactors have been designed for:

Options:
A Addition of preservatives to the product
B Purification of the product
C ensuring anaerobic condition in the culture vessel
D Availability of oxygen throughout the process

The correct answer is:
Availability of oxygen throughout the process

Solution:
The most common type of aerobic bioreactors in use today is the stirred-tank reactor, which may feature a specific internal configuration designed to provide a specific circulation pattern. The stirred-tank bioreactor has been designed for the availability of oxygen throughout the process.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
Stirred-tank bioreactors have been designed for

Options:
A addition of preservatives of the product
B purification of the product
C ensuring anaerobic conditions in the culture vessel
D availability of oxygen throughout the process

The correct answer is:
availability of oxygen throughout the process

Solution:
The most common type of aerobic bioreactor in use today is the stirred-tank reactor, which may feature a specific internal configuration designed to provide a specific circulation pattern. The stirred tank bioreactor have been designed for availability of oxygen through out the processes.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET, NEET 2010 (Screening)
Stirred-tank bioreactors have been designed for

Options:
A addition of preservatives to the product
B availability of oxygen throughout the process
C ensuring anaerobic conditions in the culture vessel
D purification of product

The correct answer is:
availability of oxygen throughout the process

Solution:
A stirred-tank reactor is usually cylindrical or with a curved base to facilitate the mixing of the reactor contents. The stirrer facilitates even mixing and oxygen availability throughout the bioreactor.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Stomata are not found in

Options:
A Algae
B Mosses
C Ferns
D Liverworts

The correct answer is:
Algae

Solution:
Hydrophytes that are fully submerged in water have no stomata or waxy cuticle as these are not required because these plants live in water. Since algae are primarily aquatic in nature and there is no threat of overheating of body therefore they do not have stomata at their surface.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Stomata in grass leaf are

Options:
A Rectangular
B Kidney shaped
C Dumb-bell shaped
D Barrel shaped

The correct answer is:
Dumb-bell shaped

Solution:
The epidermis of all green aerial parts of plants contains minute opening called stomata. It is surrounded by guard cells and neighbouring subsidiary cells collectivity termed as stomatal apparatus.
Kidney-shaped or bean-shaped guard cells are present in dicots only, while in monocots like grasses, these cells are dumb-bell shaped.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET, NEET 2018
Stomata of a plant open due to:

Options:
A influx of potassium ions
B efflux of potassium ions
C influx of hydrogen ions
D influx of calcium ions

The correct answer is:
influx of potassium ions

Solution:
The opening of the stomata is related to the influx of the $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ions into the guard cells. The $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ions are obtained from the nearby subsidiary and epidermal cells. Due to this influx, the concentration of the $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ions in the guard cells. The presence of high energy ATP molecules triggers the entry of $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ions into the guard cells. Further, the presence of ATP also triggers the $\mathrm{H}^{+}$uptake by guard cell chloroplasts or mitochondria.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET, NEET 2003
Stomata open and close due to

Options:
A turgor pressure change.
B hormonal change.
C temperature change.
D all of the above.

The correct answer is:
all of the above.

Solution:
Opening of Stomata	Closing of stomata

Increase in turgidity of guard cell cause opening of stomata.	Due to loss of water from guard cell, the guard cell become flaccid and cause closing of stomata.

Rise in temperature cause stomatal opening.	Fall in temperature cause stomatal closing.

Cytokinins are required for keeping the stomata open.	Abscisic acid brings about the closing of stomata.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Stomochord is a rudimentary structure present in the collar region. It is found in

Options:
A chordates
B cephalochordates
C urochordates
D hemichordates

The correct answer is:
hemichordates

Solution:
Hemichordata is a phylum under Non-chordates. It was initially considered as chordates but later on was included as a part of Non-chordates. These organisms show presence of a hollow outgrowth which was considered to be notochord but it was seen that its origin is from buccal cavity and thus it was named as stomochord (stoma is mouth). Balanoglossus and Sacoglossus belong to this phylum.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Stony endocarp is present in:

Options:
A Berry - Tomato
B Drupe - Mango
C Pod - Groundnut
D Pome - coconut

The correct answer is:
Drupe - Mango

Solution:
In mango and coconut, the fruit is known as a drupe. They develop from monocarpellary superior ovaries and are one-seeded. In mango, the pericarp is well-differentiated into an outer thin epicarp, a middle fleshy edible mesocarp and an inner stony hard endocarp. In coconut, which is also a drupe, the mesocarp is fibrous.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Stool of a person contain whitish grey colour due to the malfunction of which type of organ?

Options:
A Pancreas
B Spleen
C Kidney
D Liver

The correct answer is:
Liver

Solution:
The two most important bile pigments are bilirubin, which is orange or yellow, and its oxidized form biliverdin, which is green. Mixed with the intestinal contents, they give the brown colour to the faeces. When bile secretion does not occur, as when the bile duct is completely obstructed by a gallstone, the faeces are greyishwhite.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET, NEET 2002
Storing carbohydrates in the form of polysaccharides has which of the following advantages?

Options:
A During their formation, many molecules of water are removed from the monosaccharide (dehydration synthesis), condensing the bulk to be stored.
B Polysaccharides are broken down by enzymes for the release of energy whenever required.
C Unlike small carbohydrates, polysaccharides are relatively easy to store.
D All of these

The correct answer is:
All of these

Solution:
Storing carbohydrates in the form of polysaccharides condenses the bulk to be stored, in a relatively easier form, and can be broken down by enzymes whenever energy is required.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Straight line plot of first order reaction occurs between____

Options:
A ln[P] vs t
B [P] vs t
C [R] vs t
D ln[R] vs t

The correct answer is:
ln[R] vs t

Solution:
Correct Option is : 4
ln[R] vs t

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Kinetics, NEET
Straight line plot of zero order reaction occurs between____

Options:
A ln[R] vs t
B [R] vs t
C [P] vs t
D ln[P] vs t

The correct answer is:
[R] vs t

Solution:
Correct Option is : 2
[R] vs t

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Kinetics, NEET
Stratified squamous epithelium is found in

Options:
A Pharynx
B Trachea
C Ileum
D Bowman's capsule

The correct answer is:
Pharynx

Solution:
Most of the stratified epithelia in the adult body are of stratified squamous epithelium type. The squamous stratified epithelium is of two types keratinizing and non-keratinizing types. Skin epidermis is of keratinizing type, whereas the cornea of eyes, inner surface of eyelids, lining of buÃ¨cal cavity, lower past of pharynx, esophagus, vagina and vestibule of the cavity are of a non-keratinizing type.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Strobili or cones are found in

Options:
A Pteris
B Marchantia
C Equisetum
D Salvinia

The correct answer is:
Equisetum

Solution:
The leaves bearing sporangia are called sporophylls. In some forms like Equisetum, the sporophylls from distinct compact structures called strobili (strobilus) or cones.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2020 (Phase 1)
Stroma in the chloroplasts of higher plants contains

Options:
A light-independent reaction enzymes
B light-dependent reaction enzymes
C ribosomes
D chlorophyll

The correct answer is:
light-independent reaction enzymes

Solution:
In higher plants, enzymes for light independent reactions (dark reactions) are present in the stroma of chloroplasts.
Light dependent reaction occurs in grana of chloroplast.
Ribosomes are necessary for protein synthesis. Chlorophyll is green photosynthetic pigment found in chloroplasts.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Stroma lamellae membrane has

Options:
A PS I only
B PS II only
C PS I and electron carriers
D PS II and NADP reductase

The correct answer is:
PS I only

Solution:
Stroma lamellae also known as fret channels are small connecting tubes which connects two grana, it consists only PS I thus carries out cyclic phosphorylation which produces ATP only.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Strong reducing behaviour of H3PO2 is due to:

Options:
A Presence of one -OH group and two p - H bonds
B High electron gain enthalpy of phosphorus
C High oxidation state of phosphorus
D Presence of two -OH groups and one p - H bond

The correct answer is:
Presence of one -OH group and two p - H bonds

Solution:
All oxy-acid of phosphorus which contain P - H bond act as reductant.
Presence of one -OH group and two P - H bonds.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 2)
Structure and IUPAC name of a hydrocarbon is given below. Explain why the name given in the parentheses is incorrect.

Options:
A because the names are written in decreasing order of numbers(positions of substituents)
B As substituents are in equivalent position,lower number is given to the one that comes first in the name according to alphabetical order
C because the names are written in increasing order of numbers(positions of substituents)
D Lower number is given to the one that comes second in the name according to alphabets

The correct answer is:
As substituents are in equivalent position,lower number is given to the one that comes first in the name according to alphabetical order

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
As substituents are in equivalent position,lower number is given to the one that comes first in the name according to alphabetical order

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
Structure and IUPAC name of a hydrocarbon is given below. Explain why the name given in the parentheses is incorrect.

Options:
A because Lowest locant number 2,5,6 is higher than 3,5,7
B because odd numbers like 3 and 7 are not included in IUPAC names
C both IUPAC names are same
D because Lowest locant number 2,5,6 is lower than 3,5,7

The correct answer is:
because Lowest locant number 2,5,6 is lower than 3,5,7

Solution:
Correct Option is : (D)
because Lowest locant number 2,5,6 is lower than 3,5,7

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
Structure of human sperm is given. Identify the part which possess enzymes that help in fertilization.

Options:
A B
B C
C A
D D

The correct answer is:
A

Solution:
A = Acrosome, B = Nucleus, C = Mitochondria, D = Tail.
The sperm head possess :
Nucleus - Elongated and haploid.
Acrosome - It is a cap-like structure that covers the anterior portion of the head. It is filled with enzymes that help in fertilization of the ovum, like hyaluronidase.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Structure of the compound whose IUPAC name is 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy4-methylhex-3-en-5-ynoic acid is

Options:
A

B

C

D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
To write the structure of given compound first draw a carbon chain with six carbons. Now add the substituents group at mentioned place and $a=$ bond at third $C, \equiv$ bond at fifth $\mathrm{C}$ and $\mathrm{COOH}$ at first carbon.
This is the structure of given compound.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)
Structure of the compound whose IUPAC name is 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methylhex-3-en-5-ynoic acid is

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methylhex-3-en-5-yn-1-oicacid

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
Structures of some common polymers are given. Which one is not correctly presented ?

Options:
A Teflon
$\left(\mathrm{CF}_2-\mathrm{CF}_2-\right)_{\mathrm{n}}$
B Neoprene

C Terylene

D Nylon 66
$\left[\mathrm{NH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_2\right)_6 \mathrm{NHCO}\left(\mathrm{CH}_2\right)_4-\mathrm{CO}-\right]_{\mathrm{n}}$

The correct answer is:
Neoprene

Solution:
(a) Teflon is a polymer of tetrafluoroethylene.
(b) Neoprene is a polymer of chloroprene (2-chloro buta-1, 3-diene).
(c) Terylene is a polymer of terepthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
(d) Nylon-66 is a polymer of hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid.
$$
\mathrm{nH}_2 \mathrm{~N}\left(\mathrm{CH}_2\right)_6 \mathrm{NH}_2+\mathrm{nHOOC}-\left(\mathrm{CH}_2\right)_4 \mathrm{COOH}
$$

Topic: Chemistry, Polymers, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Study the following columns and choose the correct match.

Column-I	Column- II

(A) Photolysis of water	(1) Zinc

(B) Diazotrophy	(2) Copper

(C) Cytochrome-c oxidase	(3) Manganese

(D) Biosynthesis of IAA	(4) Molybdenum

(5) Boron

Options:
A A B C D 3 2 1 5
B A B C D 3 4 2 1
C A B C D 5 2 3 4
D A B C D 4 1 3 2

The correct answer is:
A B C D 3 4 2 1

Solution:
Column I	Column II

Photolysis of water	Manganese

Diazotrophy	Molybdenum

Cytochrome-c oxidase	Copper

Biosynthesis of IAA	Zinc

Nodulation in legumes	Boron

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET