datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
All the following statement is incorrect, except:

Options:
A The longest phase of menstrual cycle is follicular phase while the shortest phase is ovulatory phase.
B The ovary behaves as an endocrine gland during the luteal phase and is responsible for the thickening of the endometrium.
C The formation of haploid second polar body occurs just before ovulation.
D Permanent cessation of menses is an indication of pregnancy.

The correct answer is:
The ovary behaves as an endocrine gland during the luteal phase and is responsible for the thickening of the endometrium.

Solution:
The longest phase of the menstrual cycle is a luteal phase (around 13 - 14 days) while the shortest phase is an ovulatory phase (around 1 day). The formation of the haploid second polar body occurs just after ovulation within the fallopian tube once the sperm touches the ovum. Permanent cessation of menses is menopause. In pregnancy, menses stops temporarily and is regained after delivery of the child. Blastulation occurs within 4-5 days after fertilization. Fertilization occurs within two days after ovulation. So blastulation occurs within 7 days from ovulation when the uterus is still in the luteal phase

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
All the following statements about cannabinoids are true, except

Options:
A Cannabinoids are known for their effects on cardiovascular system
B Cannabinoids are obtained from leaves and flowers of hemp plant.
C Cannabinoids interact with cannabinoid receptors present principally in brain.
D Coke or Crack is a very commonly abused cannabinoid.

The correct answer is:
Coke or Crack is a very commonly abused cannabinoid.

Solution:
Most commonly abused drugs are opioids, cannabinoids and coca alkaloids. These substances have an addictive nature and are dependence forming. Cannabinoids are a group of chemicals interacting with cannabinoid receptors in the brain. They are obtained from plant Cannabis sativa also known as hemp plant. The mode of intake is either oral or inhalation and have effects n the cardiovascular system of the body. Cocaine or coca alkaloid obtained from coca plant affects the CNS and is commonly called coke or crack and is snorted.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
All the following statements about inclusion bodies are true except

Options:
A inclusion bodies are not bound by any membrane system.
B they lie free in the cytoplasm.
C reserve material in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is stored in the form of inclusion bodies.
D gas vacuoles and phosphate granules are examples of inclusion bodies.

The correct answer is:
reserve material in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is stored in the form of inclusion bodies.

Solution:
Inclusion bodies are freely floating particles within the cytoplasm. Changes in pH of cytoplasm results in formation of these inclusion bodies. These are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, they are formed to store reserve food whereas in eukaryotes these store materials that are ready for cellular metabolism. Reserve food material is stored in vacuoles in eukaryotes.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
All the following statements about Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer are correct, except

Options:
A They discovered recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology and this marks the birth of modern biotechnology.
B They produced first healthy cloned sheep, Dolly, from the differentiated adult mammary cells.
C They invented genetic engineering by combining a piece of foreign DNA containing a gene from a bacterium with a bacterial (E. coli) plasmid using the enzyme restriction endonuclease.
D They isolated the antibiotic resistance gene by cutting out a piece of DNA from a plasmid which was responsible for conferring antibiotic resistance

The correct answer is:
They produced first healthy cloned sheep, Dolly, from the differentiated adult mammary cells.

Solution:
Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer did not produce Dolly, from the differentiated adult mammary cells.
Dolly (5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003) was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer. She was cloned by Ian Wilmut, Keith Campbell, and colleagues at the Roslin Institute. The cell used as the donor for the cloning of Dolly was taken from a mammary gland, and the production of a healthy clone, therefore, proved that a cell taken from a specific part of the body could recreate a whole individual.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
All the following statements are correct about homologous organs, except

Options:
A Homologous organs share common origin
B Homologous organs perform same functions
C Homologous organs show divergent evolution
D Members having homologous organs share common ancestors.

The correct answer is:
Homologous organs perform same functions

Solution:
Homologous organs: These are the organs that share a common origin (or ancestors) but have different functions. Such organs show divergent evolution.
Example 1: Pattern of bones of forelimbs in whales, bats, cheetah and humans.
Example 2: Vertebrate hearts.
Example 3: Vertebrate brains.
Example 4: Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
All the following statements are correct, except:

Options:
A Retrovirus is commonly used as a vector for introducing a DNA fragment in human lymphocytes.
B In India, the organisation responsible for assessing the safety of introducing genetically modified organisms for public use is GEAC.
C The correct order of steps in polymerase chain reaction is denaturation, extension and annealing.
D The DNA fragments separated on an agarose gel can be visualized after staining with ethidium bromide.

The correct answer is:
The correct order of steps in polymerase chain reaction is denaturation, extension and annealing.

Solution:
The correct order of steps in polymerase chain reaction is denaturation, annealing and extension.
At high temperature hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases of two strands of DNA breaks and double stranded DNA separates as single strands, this is known as denaturation. Small DNA primers attaches to the template strand and this is known as annealing. Taq polymerase now adds complementary nucleotides to template, this is called as extension.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
All the following statements are correct, except

Options:
A Interphase is the shortest period of cell cycle
B Cell growth, in terms of cytoplasmic increase, is a continuous process
C Cycles of growth and division allow a single cell to form a structure consisting of millions of cell
D The replicated DNA are distributed to daughter nuclei by a complex series of events during cell division.

The correct answer is:
Interphase is the shortest period of cell cycle

Solution:
Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which the cell spends and performs the majority of its time. Then, in preparation for cellular division, it increases in size. Mitosis (nuclear division) is the most dramatic stage of the cell cycle, involving a major reorganisation of virtually all components of the cell. During mitosis (Nuclear Division) the chromosome condense, the nuclear envelope of most cells break down, the cytoskeleton reorganise to form the mitotic spindle and the chromosome move to opposite pole.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
All the following statements regarding cell organelles are correct, except

Options:
A Lysosomes are single-membrane vesicles budded off from Golgi apparatus and contain digestive enzymes
B Endoplasmic reticulum consists of a network of membranous tubules and helps in transport, synthesis, and secretion
C Leucoplasts are bound by a single membrane, lack pigment but contain their own DNA and protein-synthesizing machinery.
D Sphaerosomes are single membrane-bound and are associated with synthesis and storage of lipids

The correct answer is:
Leucoplasts are bound by a single membrane, lack pigment but contain their own DNA and protein-synthesizing machinery.

Solution:
Leucoplasts are colourless plastids which generally occur near the nucleus in non-green cells and possess internal lamellae. These double membranous structures are of three types: amyloplast, proteinoplast, and elaioplast. Amyloplasts can synthesize and store starch. Proteinoplasts store proteins but can not synthesize. Elaioplasts store lipids.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
All the following structures are found in an electrical synapse except

Options:
A Gap junction
B Synaptic vesicles
C Presynaptic membrane
D Post-synaptic membrane

The correct answer is:
Synaptic vesicles

Solution:
Synaptic vesicles are part of chemical synapsis.
In a neuron, synaptic vesicles (or neurotransmittervesicles) store various neurotransmitters that are released at the synapse. The release is regulated by a voltage-dependent calcium channel. Vesicles are essential for propagating nerve impulses between neurons and are constantly recreated by the cell.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
All the following variety are not resistant to the curl blight black rot disease, except:

Options:
A Pusa Sawani
B Pusa Swarnim
C Pusa Shubhra
D Himgiri

The correct answer is:
Pusa Shubhra

Solution:
Pusa Shubhra is a cauliflower variety developed by plant breeding techniques resistant to diseases- curl blight black rot.
Pusa swarnim is a variety of mustard resistant to white rust.
Himgiri is a variety of wheat resistant to leaf and stripe rust, hill bunt.
Pusa sawani is a variety of bhindi resistant to shoot and fruit borer.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
All the given statements are true, except

Options:
A DNA is more stable than RNA because DNA contains 5 methyl uracil and deoxyribose
B DNA replication is semi-conservative, bidirectional and semi-discontinuous
C Taylor proved semi-conservative replication of DNA by working on E. coli bacteria.
D 'Klenow fragment' is a part of DNA polymerase.

The correct answer is:
Taylor proved semi-conservative replication of DNA by working on E. coli bacteria.

Solution:
DNA is the nucleic acid that forms the genetic material in all organisms. The structure of deoxyribose nucleic acid was elucidated by Watson and Crick. The DNA is a double helical structure having two anti-parallel strands of polynucleotide chains joined to each other by hydrogen bonding formed between the N-bases. It is more stable than ribonucleic acid (RNA) as it has thymine (5-methyl uracil) which has greater resistance to photochemical mutation and deoxyribose (less reactive than ribose).
DNA replication is the process of making new DNA strand from the old one and this process is semi-conservative. Synthesis of new DNA occurs simultaneously and independently on both strands but in one direction as the DNA polymerase used in the process of elongation of the strand of DNA during replication process proceeds in the 5' → 3' direction only. Of the two strand synthesis, the one that is continuous and occurs without stopping from one end to the other is called leading strand, while the one that is discontinuous in that it occurs in several small chunks one after another is called lagging strand and each short sequence is called Okazaki fragment. The replication process is bidirectional in that it goes in both ways from the point of origin of replication in the DNA. Meselson and Stahl proved that DNA replication is semi conservative in bacteria by experimenting with E. coli. Herbert Taylor Colchicine demonstrated semi-conservative DNA replication in eukaryotes by using bean root tip.
On been cleaved by the protein subtilisin, DNA polymerase I produces a large fragment called Klenow fragment which contains polymerase activity and 3' → 5' exonuclease activity but not the 5' → 3' exonuclease activity.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
All the statements about the members of the Liliaceae family are false except

Options:
A The length of filaments in all stamens is the same.
B They have leaves without stipules but show parallel venation.
C They have a trilocular superior ovary with three ovules
D They have fruits which are mostly berries and rarely capsule

The correct answer is:
They have leaves without stipules but show parallel venation.

Solution:
Members of the Liliaceae family have 6 stamens, three with long stamens and three with short stamens. They have a tricarpellary, syncarpous gynoecium with an ovary which is superior, trilocular with many ovules and has axile placentation. They have fruits which are mostly capsules (dry and dehiscent) and rarely berries (Fleshy fruits). They also show alternate phyllotaxy with linearleaves without stipule and with parallel venation.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
All viruses

Options:
A contain only DNA
B contain only RNA
C contain only protein
D are susceptible to lipid solvents

The correct answer is:
contain only protein

Solution:
Viruses are infectious agents that survive only inside the living cells (host body), they need a host for replication and can have either DNA or RNA as the genetic material which replicates. These microorganisms do not have their energy and are therefore known as obligate parasites that use the energy of the host for its survival. The virus has either DNA or RNA as genetic material but never both together. All viruses contain protein. Only enveloped viruses are susceptible to lipid solvents.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Alleles are:

Options:
A Different phenotype
B True breeding homozygotes
C Different molecular forms of a gene
D Heterozygotes

The correct answer is:
Different molecular forms of a gene

Solution:
Allele: Genes which code for a pair of contrasting traits are known as alleles i.e., they are slightly different forms of the same gene.

Heterozygous: An individual having two different alleles(Tt).

Phenotype: It is an observable morphological appearance of an organism.

Homozygous: Two alleles of a gene are identical (TT or tt).

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 1)
Alleles that produce independent effects in their heterozygous condition are called:

Options:
A Codominant alleles
B Epistatic alleles
C Complementary alleles
D Supplementary alleles

The correct answer is:
Codominant alleles

Solution:
Codominance is a condition in which both alleles of a gene pair in heterozygote are fully expressed, with neither one being dominant or recessive to the other.
Epistasis is the suppression of the normal phenotypic of the gene by a non-allelic gene.
Complimentary genes are two independent genes present on different gene loci which assist each other in expressing a trait.
Supplementary genes are two independent genes present on different gene loci, each of may produce its own trait and interact when present together in dominant state to produce a new trait.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Allergy is due to the release of which of the chemical from mast cells and basophils?

A. Histamine
B. Heparin
C. Serotonin

Options:
A A only
B A & B
C

A & C

D B & C

The correct answer is:

A & C

Solution:
During an allergic reaction, there is an increased release of histamines and serotonin from mast cells and basophils. As degranulation occurs, it causes the mast cell or basophil to release a series of chemicals that orchestrate the allergic reaction. Within every mast cell or basophil are 500 to 1500 granules containing more than thirty different allergy-causing chemicals. The best-known chemicals that are released is histamine and serotonin.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Allium cepa shows all the following properties, except

Options:
A It has cymose inflorescence with umbellate clusters
B During unfavourable conditions, the aerial part of the plant dies but the stem bulbs survive and develop into shoots.
C Its flower has three green sepals and three pink petals
D It is placed in the same family as that of Colchicum autumnale

The correct answer is:
Its flower has three green sepals and three pink petals

Solution:
Allium cepa is onion. It shows cymose inflorescence with umbellate clusters. It consists of a number of short flower stalks which spread from a common point like umbrella. During unfavourable conditions, it forms a fleshy structure called bulb for storage of food in their scale leaves. It is placed in family Liliaceae in which colchicine Colchicum autumnale is also placed. In its flowers, the petals and sepals cant be differentiated. This whorl is called perianth and it is made of tepals.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Allyl chloride is hydrolysed more readily than n-propyl chloride. Why?

Options:
A Allyl chloride shows high reactivity as the carbocation formed by hydrolysis is stabilized by resonance while no such stabilization of carbocation exists in the case of n-propyl chloride.
B Allyl chloride is less soluble in water.
C Allyl chloride has a stronger carbon-chlorine bond.
D Allyl chloride has a more polar carbon-chlorine bond.

The correct answer is:
Allyl chloride shows high reactivity as the carbocation formed by hydrolysis is stabilized by resonance while no such stabilization of carbocation exists in the case of n-propyl chloride.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
Allyl chloride shows high reactivity as the carbocation formed by hydrolysis is stabilized by resonance while no such stabilization of carbocation exists in the case of n-propyl chloride.

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET
Allyl chloride on dehydrohalogenation gives

Options:
A Propadiene
B Propylene
C Allyl alcohol
D Propene

The correct answer is:
Propylene

Solution:
Allyl chloride on dehydrohalogenation gives Propylene
CH2Cl-CH=CH2→[CH2=C=CH2]→isomerisationCH3-C≡CH

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET
Alpha globin production for haemoglobin is controlled by

Options:
A one gene located on chromosome 11
B one gene located on chromosome 16
C two genes located on chromosome 11
D two genes located on chromosome 16

The correct answer is:
two genes located on chromosome 16

Solution:
In alpha Thalassemia, production of alpha globin chain is affected while in beta Thalassemia, production of beta globin chain is affected. Alpha Thalassemia is controlled by two closely linked genes HBA1 and HBA2 on chromosome 16 of each parent while beta Thalassemia is controlled by a single gene HBB on chromosome 11 of each parent.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Alpha thalassemia is controlled by

Options:
A one gene located on chromosome 11
B one gene located on chromosome 16
C two genes located on chromosome 11
D two genes located on chromosome 16

The correct answer is:
two genes located on chromosome 16

Solution:
In alpha thalassemia, production of alpha globin chain is affected, while in beta thalassemia, production of beta globin chain is affected. Alpha thalassemia is controlled by two closely linked genes HBA1 and HBA2 on chromosome 16 of each parent, while beta thalassemia is controlled by a single gene HBB on chromosome 11 of each parent.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Alternating current is converted to direct current by

Options:
A rectifier
B dynamo
C transformer
D motor

The correct answer is:
rectifier

Solution:

Topic: Physics, Semiconductors, NEET
Alternation of generation in bryophytes is

Options:
A Haplontic
B Diplontic
C Haplodiplontic
D Different in different members

The correct answer is:
Haplodiplontic

Solution:
Bryophytes show the Haplo-diplontic pattern of alternation of generation. The dominating phase is gametophyte over which dependent small sporophyte is formed.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Although +3 oxidation state is the characteristic oxidation state of lanthanoids, cerium shows +4 oxidation state also. Why?

Options:
A Cerium has a smaller atomic size than other lanthanoids.
B Cerium has a more stable electronic configuration in the +4 oxidation state.
C Cerium has a lower ionization energy than other lanthanoids.
D Cerium has a larger number of unpaired electrons.

The correct answer is:
Cerium has a more stable electronic configuration in the +4 oxidation state.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
Cerium has a more stable electronic configuration in the +4 oxidation state.

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET
Although both CO2and H2O are triatomic molecules, the shape of the H2O molecule is bent while that of CO2is linear. Which of the following options explains this correctly on the basis of dipole moment?

Options:
A The difference in shape is due to the difference in the number of oxygen atoms in each molecule, which results in different dipole moments.
B The bent shape of H2O creates an uneven distribution of charge, leading to a non-zero dipole moment, while the linear shape of CO2results in a symmetrical charge distribution and a zero dipole moment.
C The linear shape of CO2creates an uneven distribution of charge, leading to a non-zero dipole moment, while the bent shape of H2O results in a symmetrical charge distribution and a zero dipole moment.
D The difference in shape is solely due to the difference in the number of hydrogen atoms in each molecule, which has no effect on the dipole moment.

The correct answer is:
The bent shape of H2O creates an uneven distribution of charge, leading to a non-zero dipole moment, while the linear shape of CO2results in a symmetrical charge distribution and a zero dipole moment.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
The bent shape of H2O creates an uneven distribution of charge, leading to a non-zero dipole moment, while the linear shape of CO2results in a symmetrical charge distribution and a zero dipole moment.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET
Although carbon and hydrogen are better reducing agents, they are not used to reduce metallic oxides at high temperatures. Why?

Options:
A Carbon and hydrogen are expensive to produce.
B It is because at high temperature carbon and hydrogen react with metals to form carbides and hydrides respectively.
C Carbon and hydrogen are not readily available.
D Carbon and hydrogen react too violently with metallic oxides.

The correct answer is:
It is because at high temperature carbon and hydrogen react with metals to form carbides and hydrides respectively.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
It is because at high temperature carbon and hydrogen react with metals to form carbides and hydrides respectively.

Topic: Chemistry, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals, NEET
Although chlorine is an electron withdrawing group, yet it is ortho-, para- directing in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Why?

Options:
A Chlorine donates electrons to the benzene ring, increasing electron density at the ortho and para positions.
B Chlorine's electron-withdrawing effect enhances the nucleophilic attack of the electrophile at the ortho and para positions.
C The inductive effect is stronger than resonance and causes net electron withdrawal and thus causes net deactivation. The resonance effect tends to oppose the inductive effect for the attack at ortho- and para positions and hence makes the deactivation less for ortho- and para- attack.
D Chlorine's electron-donating effect on the benzene ring makes it a meta-directing group in electrophilic aromatic substitution.

The correct answer is:
The inductive effect is stronger than resonance and causes net electron withdrawal and thus causes net deactivation. The resonance effect tends to oppose the inductive effect for the attack at ortho- and para positions and hence makes the deactivation less for ortho- and para- attack.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (C)
The inductive effect is stronger than resonance and causes net electron withdrawal and thus causes net deactivation. The resonance effect tends to oppose the inductive effect for the attack at ortho- and para positions and hence makes the deactivation less for ortho- and para- attack.

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET