datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
In aquatic ecosystems, the limiting factor for productivity is ___.

Options:
A autotrophs
B inverted
C light
D earthworms

The correct answer is:
light

Solution:
In aquatic ecosystems, the limiting factor for productivity is light

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
In aqueous solution, how many steps does the ionization of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) occur in?

Options:
A One step
B Two steps
C Three steps
D Four steps

The correct answer is:
Two steps

Solution:
In aqueous solution, the ionization of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) occurs in two steps.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET
In aqueous solution, what happens to the basicity of methyl-substituted amines compared to ethyl-substituted amines?

Options:
A Methyl-substituted amines are more basic
B Ethyl-substituted amines are more basic
C Both have the same basicity
D Basicity depends on the solvent used

The correct answer is:
Ethyl-substituted amines are more basic

Solution:
In aqueous solution, ethyl-substituted amines are generally more basic than methyl-substituted amines.

Topic: Chemistry, Amines, NEET
In Arthropoda, head and thorax are often use to form cephalothorax, but in which one of the following classes, is the body divided into head thorax and abdomen?

Options:
A insecta
B myriapoda
C crustacea
D arachnida and curstacea.

The correct answer is:
insecta

Solution:
In some members of the phylum Arthropoda, the fused head and thorax is called as cephalothorax. It is found in members myriapoda,
Arachnida and in some Crustacea. Adult insect body is divided into three parts (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings.
Related Theory
\(\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline \text {Arthropod class } & \text {Examples } & \text {Characterstics } \\
\hline \text {Crustacea } & \text {Prawn, crab } & \text {Cephalothorax } \\
\hline \text {Chilopoda } & \text {Centepede } & \text {Head + trunk } \\
\hline \text {Diplopoda } & \text {Milipede } & \text {Head + thorax + abdomen } \\
\hline \text {Insecta } & \text {Honeybee, silkworm, Housefly } & \text {Head + thorax + abdomen } \\
\hline \text {Onychophora } & \text {Peripatus } & \text {Unsegmented body } \\
\hline \text {Merostoma } & \text {King crab (Limulus) } & \text {Cephalothorax } \\
\hline \text {Arachnida } & \text {Spider, Scorpion } & \text {Cephalothorax } \\
\hline
\end{array}\)

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2004
In Aspergillus,

Options:
A the sexual spores are produced endogenously while the asexual spores are produced exogenously
B the asexual spores are produced endogenously while the sexual spores are produced exogenously
C both asexual and sexual spores are formed endogenously
D both asexual and sexual spores are formed exogenously

The correct answer is:
the sexual spores are produced endogenously while the asexual spores are produced exogenously

Solution:
Aspergillus belongs to the group Ascomycetes. In them, there are special mycelia called conidiophores. They produce asexual spores called conidia exogenously. They have sac-like structures called asci. Within the asci, sexual spores called ascospores are produced endogenously.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
In astronomical observations, signals observed from the distant stars are generally weak. If the photon detector receives a total of 3.15 × 10–18J from the radiations of 600 nm, what are the number of photons received by the detector?

Options:
A 11
B 12
C 10
D 14

The correct answer is:
10

Solution:
Correct Option is : (C)
10

Topic: Chemistry, Structure of Atom, NEET
In Australia, marsupials and placental mammals have evolved to share many similar characteristics. This type of evolution may be referred to as

Options:
A adaptive radiation
B divergent evolution
C cyclical evolution
D convergent evolution

The correct answer is:
convergent evolution

Solution:
In Australia, marsupials and placental mammals have evolved to share many similar characteristics. This type of evolution is referred to as convergent evolution.
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. For example, a number of marsupials, each different from the other evolved from an ancestral stock, but all within the Australian island continent. Also, marsupials in Australia resemble placental mammals in the rest of the world, they evolved in isolation after Australia separated from other continents.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET, NEET 2019 (Odisha)
In BF3,BCl3 and BBr3 the stability order is

Options:
A BF 3 > BCl 3 > BBr 3
B BCl3>BF3>BBr3
C BBr3>BCl3>BF3
D BBr3>BF3>BCl3

The correct answer is:
BF 3 > BCl 3 > BBr 3

Solution:
BBr 3 <  BCl 3 <  BF 3 order of back bonding.
As the ordr of back bonding increases the stability increases

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 13 & 14), NEET
In BX3,B-X distance is shorter than what is expected theoretically because (X = F, Cl, Br, I)

Options:
A sp3 hybridisation of B is responsible for shorter B-X distance
B B-X has a double bond character due to back-bonding
C Dimerisation takes place in BX3 which is responsible for shorter B-X distance
D Due to large size of X, B-X distance decreases

The correct answer is:
B-X has a double bond character due to back-bonding

Solution:
Due to back-bonding, B-X in BX3 has double bond character which is resonance stabilized and decreases bond length.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 13 & 14), NEET
In bacteria, the restriction enzyme plays an important role in defence against viral infection by chopping foreign DNA into pieces, but it does not cut its own DNA because of

Options:
A difference in recognition sequence.
B methylation of A or C at the recognition site.
C restriction endonuclease leave the DNA out of the cells.
D none of these.

The correct answer is:
methylation of A or C at the recognition site.

Solution:
The methylation of adenine or cytosine at the recognition sequence of the DNA protects it from restriction endonuclease.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
In bacteria, the wavelength of light that is required to carry out photosynthesis is

Options:
A Ultraviolet light
B Blue
C Red
D Far red

The correct answer is:
Far red

Solution:
Photosynthetic bacteria absorb (850–950 nm) infra-red wavelength.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
In bacterial cells, the outermost layer of the cell envelope can either be a

Options:
A cell wall or plasma membrane
B lamellae or slime layer
C slime layer or capsule
D plasma membrane or lamellae

The correct answer is:
slime layer or capsule

Solution:
The cell envelope consists of a tightly bound three layered structure i.e., the outermost glycocalyx followed by the cell wall and then the plasma membrane.
Glycocalyx differs in composition and thickness among different bacteria. It could be a loose sheath called the slime layer in some, while in others it may be thick and tough, called the capsule. The cell wall determines the shape of the cell and provides strong structural support to prevent the bacterium from bursting or collapsing. The plasma membrane is semi-permeable in nature and interacts with the outside world. This membrane is similar structurally to that of the eukaryotes.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
In barley stem, vascular bundles are

Options:
A open and scattered
B closed and scattered
C open and in a ring
D closed and radial

The correct answer is:
closed and scattered

Solution:
The vascular bundles in Hordeum vulgare (barley) plant are scattered in ground tissues, many in number and vary in size-smaller towards periphery and bigger towards centre of the ground tissue, oval or rounded in outline, conjoint, collateral and closed.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
In Basidiomycetes, the site for meiosis is

Options:
A Basidium
B Basidiospores
C Basidiocarp
D Conidium

The correct answer is:
Basidium

Solution:
Kingdom Fungi is divided into four classes depending upon mode of spore and frutingbodies formation and morphology of mycelium. These are Class Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes. Basidiomycetes are Club fungi as they have a club shaped organ known as basidium. This structure bears spores on the outside of its body and thus differ from Ascus in Ascomycetes which bear spores inside. This structure is diploid and is the site for Karyogamy and Meiosis. Mushrooms belong to this class.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
In Beijerinek's experiment, what did he call the infectious fluid that he extracted from diseased tobacco plants?

Options:
A Fluidum vivum contagium
B Contagium vivum fluidum
C Vivum fluidum contagium
D Vivum contagium fluidum

The correct answer is:
Contagium vivum fluidum

Solution:
M.W. Beijerinek (1898) demonstrated that the extract of the infected plants of tobacco could cause infection in healthy plants and called the fluid as Contagium vivum fluidum (infectious living fluid). W.M. Stanley (1935) showed that viruses could be crystallised and crystals consist largely of proteins. They are inert outside their specific host cell. Viruses are obligate parasites

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
In biochemical phase, fixation of carbon dioxide occurs by

Options:
A RUBISCO
B PGA
C OAA
D PGAL

The correct answer is:
RUBISCO

Solution:
In biochemical (dark) phase, a 5-C sugar ribulose 1, 5-biphosphate (RuBP) acts as CO2 biphosphate carboxylase (RUBISCO) and forms six molecules of an extremely unstable six-carbon compound. This compound is converted into 3-C molecules of PGA. The capturing of carbon dioxide is called carbon fixation because it fixes gaseous carbon dioxide into a relatively stable organic molecule, PGA.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
In biolistic method of gene transfer, the microparticles coated with foreign DNA are bombarded into target cells at a very high velocity. These microparticles are made up of

Options:
A Silver or tungsten
B Arsenic or silver
C Gold or tungsten
D None of these

The correct answer is:
Gold or tungsten

Solution:
Biolistics is a vector-less method of gene transfer in which micropellets of gold or tungsten coated with foreign DNA is shot at target host cell so that DNA enters the cell. Gold or tungsten being least reactive are used for the process.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
In bioluminescence stored energy changes into

Options:
A Light energy
B Radiant energy
C Chemical energy
D Mechanical energy

The correct answer is:
Light energy

Solution:
Bioluminescence is the emission of light by an organism through the biochemical system, like the glow of bacteria on decaying meat, the shimmering radiance of protozoans in tropical seas, or the flickering signals of fireflies. Bioluminescence results due to chemiluminescence-where the conversion of chemical energy to radiant energy are seen.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
In birds, which muscle is well developed?

Options:
A Alary
B Biceps
C Gastroconemius
D Pectoralis major

The correct answer is:
Pectoralis major

Solution:
Birds have two important flight muscles, the Musculus pectoralis/ Pectoralis major for the downstroke and the smaller Musculus supracoracoideus for the upstroke. Musculus pectoralis the larger and the most powerful. It is an immensely developed triangular muscle of the breast. Depending on flight or diving behaviour, there is a considerable variation in built and size of these muscles.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
In bitegmic type of ovule, nucellus is ____, and the number of integuments is ____ .

Options:
A Poorly developed, two
B Well developed, two
C Poorly developed, one
D Well developed, one

The correct answer is:
Well developed, two

Solution:
In bitegmic type, nucellus is well developed. Ovules with two integuments e.g., members of polypetalae and monocots.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
In black-and-white photography, how is the developed film fixed?

Options:
A By washing with water
B By washing with hypo solution
C By washing with sodium chloride solution
D By washing with silver solution

The correct answer is:
By washing with hypo solution

Solution:
In black and white photography, the developed film is fixed by washing with hypo solution.

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, NEET
In Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, the pairs of quantities that are quantized among the following is

Options:
A Energy and linear momentum
B Linear and angular momentum
C Energy and angular momentum
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Energy and angular momentum

Solution:
According to Bohr's theory of the H atom, electrons can revolve only in those orbits in which their angular momentum is an integral multiple ofh2π, where h is Plank's constant.
Angular momentum = mvr=2h2π
Hence, angular momentum is quantized.
The energy of an electron in nth orbit of the hydrogen atom,
E = Rhcn2 J
Thus, it is obvious that the hydrogen atom has some characteristics of energy state. In fact, this is true for the atom of each element, ie, each atom has its energy quantized.
Hence, both energy and angular momentum are quantised.

Topic: Physics, Atomic Physics, NEET
In Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, which of the following pairs of quantities are quantized?

Options:
A Energy and linear momentum
B Linear and angular momentum
C Energy and angular momentum
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Energy and angular momentum

Solution:
According to Bohr's theory of atom electrons can revolve only in those orbits in which their angular momentum is an integral multiple ofh2Ï, where h is Planck's constant.
Angular momentum =mvr =2h2Ï
Hence, angular momentum is quantized.
The energy of electron in nth orbit of hydrogen atom,
E = Rhcn2 joule
Thus, it is obvious that the hydrogen atom has some characteristics energy state. In fact this is true for the atom of each element, ie, each atom has its energy quantized.
Hence, both energy and angular momentum are quantized.

Topic: Physics, Atomic Physics, NEET
In both sexes of cockroach, a pair of jointed filamentous structures called anal cerci are present on

Options:
A $10^{\text {th }}$ segment
B $8^{\text {th }}$ and $9^{\text {th }}$ segment
C $11^{\text {th }}$ segment
D $5^{\text {th }}$ segment

The correct answer is:
$10^{\text {th }}$ segment

Solution:
Correct answer is option (1), because in both sexes of cockroach, $10^{\text {th }}$ segment bears a pair of jointed filamentous structures called anal cerci.
Options (2), (3) and (4) are incorrect because $5^{\text {th }}, 8^{\text {th }}$ and $9^{\text {th }}$ segments do not bear such structures. In adult cockroaches only $10^{\text {th }}$ segments are present in abdomen. $11^{\text {th }}$ abdominal segment is absent.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET, NEET 2024
In both the figure all other factors are same, except that in figure (i) AB is rough and BC is smooth while in figure (ii) AB is smooth and BC is rough. The kinetic energy of the ball on reaching the bottom

Options:
A Is same in both the cases
B Is greater in case (i)
C Is greater in case (ii)
D Information insufficient

The correct answer is:
Is greater in case (i)

Solution:
In case (i) work done by friction is zero, while in case (ii) it is non-zero as it will forward slip (may be for some time) on BC.

Topic: Physics, Rotational Motion, NEET
In Bougainvillea and Citrus thorns are the modification of ......(i)...... and in cactus spines are a modification of .....(ii)......

Options:
A

(i)	(ii)

Adventitious root	Stem

B

(i)	(ii)

Stem	Leaf

C

(i)	(ii)

Leaf	Stem

D

(i)	(ii)

Stipules	Flower

The correct answer is:

(i)	(ii)

Stem	Leaf

Solution:
In Bougainvillea and citrus thorns is stem modification in which axillary bud of the stem is modified to form a protective structure called as a thorn. In cactus, leaves are modified to form spines to reduce the transpiration.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
In Bougainvillea, thorns are the modifications of:

Options:
A Stipules
B Adventitious root
C Stem
D Leaf

The correct answer is:
Stem

Solution:
Thorns are hard, pointed straight structures for protection. These are modified stem.
Thorns represent the modification of an axillary shoot system in which the leaves are reduced and die quickly and the stems are heavily sclerified and grow for only a limited time. They help in providing protection.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2017
In brain, the region for perception of pain is located in

Options:
A frontal lobe
B parietal lobe
C temporal lobe
D occipital lobe

The correct answer is:
parietal lobe

Solution:
The human brain is divided into three parts: forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The forebrain consists of cerebrum and diencephalon. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres known as cerebral hemispheres that are connected by the corpus callosum. Each hemisphere is divided into four lobes. These are frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes. The frontal lobe is the lobe responsible for memory, planning personality etc. The parietal lobe is responsible for the perception of pain. The temporal lobe is the hearing centre while the occipital lobe is responsible for vision.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
In breathing movements, air volume can be estimated by

Options:
A Stethoscope
B Hygrometer
C Sphigmomanometer
D Spirometer

The correct answer is:
Spirometer

Solution:
Air Volume is estimated by Spirometer.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
In $\mathrm{BrF}_3$ molecule, the lone pairs occupy equatorial positions to minimize:

Options:
A lone pair-bond pair repulsion only
B bond pair-bond pair repulsion only
C lone pair-lone pair repulsion and lone pair-bond pair repulsion
D lone pair Ione pair repulsion only

The correct answer is:
lone pair-lone pair repulsion and lone pair-bond pair repulsion

Solution:
In $\mathrm{BrF}_3$ molecule, the lone pair occupies equatorial position to minimize lone pair-lone pair repulsion and lone pair-bond pair repulsion as per VSEPR theory.
Related Theory
$\mathrm{BrF}_3$ molecular geometry is said to be T-shaped or Trigonal bipyramidal

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET, NEET 2004
In Brood parasitism:

Options:
A Cuckoo bird lay its eggs in the nest of its host's nest
B Cuscuta growing on host plant
C Lice on human
D Clown fish that lives among sea anemone

The correct answer is:
Cuckoo bird lay its eggs in the nest of its host's nest

Solution:
Brood parasitism in birds is fascinating examples of parasitism in which the parasitic birds lays its eggs in the nest of its host and lets the host incubate them. During the course evolution, the eggs of parasitic bird have evolved to resemble the host’s egg in size and ejecting them from the nest. Try to follow the movements of the cuckoo (koel) and the crow in your neighbourhood park during the breeding season (spring to summer) and watch brood parasitism in action.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
In bryophytes and pteridophytes, transport of male gametes requires:

Options:
A Wind
B Insects
C Birds
D Water

The correct answer is:
Water

Solution:
In bryophytes and pteridophytes, the male gametes are motile and they require water for fertilization. Their flagellated sperm must swim through water to reach the egg. So water is an essential element to complete the life cycle.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 1)
In Bt cotton, the Bt toxin present in plant tissue as pro-toxin is converted into active toxin due to:

Options:
A Alkaline pH of the insect gut
B Acidic pH of the insect gut
C Action of gut micro-organisms
D Presence of conversion factors in insect gut

The correct answer is:
Alkaline pH of the insect gut

Solution:
Bacillus thuringiensis which contain cry protein in inactive form known as pro-toxin. When this is ingested by insect it get activated by alkaline ph of gut, which solubilize the protein crystal. This activated toxin bind to the epithelial midgut cell result into lysis of epithelial cell and eventually lead to the death of insect.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 1)
In $\mathrm{C}_3$ plants, the first stable product of photosynthesis during the dark reaction is:

Options:
A malic acid
B oxaloacetic acid
C 3-phosphoglyceric acid
D phosphoglyceraldehyde.

The correct answer is:
3-phosphoglyceric acid

Solution:
The first stable product of $\mathrm{CO}_2$ fixation in $\mathrm{C}_3$ plants is a three-carbon organic acid. The enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO) combines $\mathrm{CO}_2$ with the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate to form two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid.
Related Theory
$A D P, N A D P$, and glucose are the end products of the $C_3$ cycle. ADP and NADP are produced in the first stage of $\mathrm{C}_3$ cycle. In the second stage, glucose is produced.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET, NEET 2004
In C4 plants, Calvin cycle operates in​

Options:
A Stroma of bundle sheath chloroplasts
B Grana of bundle sheath chloroplasts
C Grana of mesophyll chloroplasts
D Stroma of mesophyll chloroplasts

The correct answer is:
Stroma of bundle sheath chloroplasts

Solution:
​C4 plants are specialized plants for better CO2 assimilation found in a hot environment. They have characteristic leaf anatomy called kranz anatomy showing two distinct chloroplast containing cells mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Mesophyll cells are located very near to bundle sheath cells and are the site for the C4 cycle. CO2 is fIrst fixed as a 4 carbon compounds oxaloacetic acid by the action of PEP carboxylase. The second carboxylation event occurs in the stroma of chloroplast of bundle sheath cells through the C3 cycle.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
In C4 plants, synthesis of sugars occurs in

Options:
A palisade cells.
B spongy cells.
C undifferentiated mesophyll cells.
D bundle sheath cells.

The correct answer is:
bundle sheath cells.

Solution:
One of the steps in the photosynthesis process is dark reaction where the carbondioxide is reduced to glucose via Calvin cycle and this process is independent of light. Calvin cycle requires high concentration of carbondioxide which is taken in from air through stomata. Plants in the dry tropical region show leaf anatomy called Kranz anatomy having two types of tissue - bundle sheath and mesophyll and follow the C4 pathway to compensate for carbondioxide.
In the mesophyll cell, phosphoenol pyruvate accepts the carbodixode to form a four-carbon compound-oxaloacetic acid. This is transported to the bundle sheath cell where it undergoes decarboxylation releasing carbon dioxide to be used in C3 cycle and pyruvate. The glucose is synthesized in the bundle sheath cells.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells

Options:
A have thin walls to facilitate gaseous exchange
B have large intercellular spaces
C are rich in PEP carboxylase
D have a high density of chloroplast

The correct answer is:
have a high density of chloroplast

Solution:
In C4 plants kranz anatomy occurs in which bundle sheath chloroplast is differentiated from mesophyll chloroplast. Bundle sheath chloroplast has enzyme RuBiSCO which is protect from oxygen to reduce photorespiration, thus it has thick walls to inhibit gaseous exchange. It lacks intercellular space. It has high density of chloroplast.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
In C4 plants, the Calvin pathway takes place in

Options:
A mesophyll cells only
B both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells
C bundle sheath cells only
D cells of the vascular bundles

The correct answer is:
bundle sheath cells only

Solution:
The Calvin pathway occurs in all the mesophyll cells of the C3 plants. In the C4 plants, it does not take place in the mesophyll cells but does so only in the bundle sheath cells.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET