datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Read the following sentences and then answer the question given below.

I. Parathyroid hormone regulates the metabolism of calcium.
II. Vasopressin is also called anti-diuretic hormone.
III. Grave's disease is caused by malfunctioning of the adrenal gland.
IV. Oxytocin facilitates parturition by acting on the middle layer of the uterus which is made-up of striated involuntary muscles.

Which of the above statements are correct and incorrect?

Options:
A I and III are true; II and IV are false
B I and II are true; III and IV are false
C I and IV are false; II and IV are true
D I, II and III are true; IV only false

The correct answer is:
I and II are true; III and IV are false

Solution:
Exophthalmic goiter is a form of hyperthyroidism, characterized by enlargement of the thyroid gland, protrusion of the eyeballs, increased basal metabolic rate, and weight loss also called Gravesâ disease. It is an autoimmune disorder.

Anti-diuretic hormone or vasopressin increases the reabsorption of water in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts of the nephrons of the kidneys. Hence, it reduces the amount of urine formation.

Oxytocin acts on the smooth muscles (non-striated involuntary muscles) of our body and stimulates their contraction. In females, it encourages a vigorous contraction of the uterus at the time of childbirth, and milk ejection from the mammary gland.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases the Ca2+ levels in the blood. PTH acts on bones and stimulates the process of bone resorption (dissolution/ demineralisation). PTH also stimulates reabsorption of Ca2+ by the renal tubules and increases Ca2+ absorption from the digested food. It is, thus, clear that PTH is a hypercalcemic hormone, i.e., it increases the blood Ca2+ levels. Along with TCT, it plays a significant role in calcium balance in the body.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Read the following statemenst about phylum Annelida. Identify the true and false statements and select the correct option after referring to the given table.

A. Annelids are diploblastic, metamerically segmented, coelomate animals.

B. Their neural system consists of paired ganglia connected by lateral nerves to a single ventral nerve cord.

C. They possess longitudinal and circular muscle fibres which help in locomotion.

D. Nephridia help them in osmoregulation and excretion.

Options:
A A: False, B: True, C: False, D: True
B A: False, B: False, C: True, D: True
C A: True, B: False, C: True, D: False
D A: False, B: True, C: False, D: True

The correct answer is:
A: False, B: False, C: True, D: True

Solution:
Annelids are triploblastic, metamerically segmented and coelomate animals. Their neural system consists of paired ganglia connected by lateral nerves to a double ventral nerve cord. They possess longitudinal and circular muscle fibres which help in locomotion. Nephridia help them in osmoregulation and excretion.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Read the following statement about animal tissue. Identify the true and false ones and select the correct option.

I. Adhering junctions along with cementing cells together facilitate the cells to communicate with each other by connecting the plasma membranes of adjoining cells.
II. Compound epithelium covers the moist surface of the buccal cavity, pharynx and lining of ducts of salivary glands.
III. The striated muscle fibre is a thin elongated with point ends and multiple nuclei
IV. Cartilage is present in the tip of the nose and between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae.

Options:
A I: False, II: True, III: False, IV: True
B I: True, II: True, III: True, IV: False
C I: False, II: False, III: True, IV: False
D I: True, II: False, III: False, IV: True

The correct answer is:
I: False, II: True, III: False, IV: True

Solution:
I. Adhering junctions perform cementing to keep neighbouring cells together.
II. Compound epithelium covers the dry surface of the skin, the moist surface of the buccal cavity, pharynx, the inner lining of ducts of salivary glands, and of pancreatic ducts.
III. A striated muscle fibre is a thin elongated with blunt ends and multiple nuclei.
IV. Cartilage is present in the tip of the nose, outer ear joints, between adjacent bones of the vertebral column, limbs, and hands in adults.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Read the following statement and find out the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Algae usually reproduce vegetatively by fragmentation, asexually by formation of different types of spores and sexually by formation of gametes.
B Algae are classified into three classes, pteridophytes into four classes and angiosperms into two classes.
C Algae are chlorophyll bearing simple, thalloid, autotrophic and largely aquatic organisms.
D The plant body of algae is more differentiated than that of bryophytes.

The correct answer is:
The plant body of algae is more differentiated than that of bryophytes.

Solution:
Algae is also known as Thallophyte. Algae is the most primitive and less developed plant. Sex organ of algae are single-celled and non-jacketed (Exceptional case: Chara has jacketed and multicellular sex organ). Plant body in algae is not differentiated into root, stem and leaf. Bryophyta evolved from algae, therefore, shows advance features than algae

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Read the following statement and find out the incorrect statement.

Options:
A The altered understanding of the plant kingdom describes that Fungi and members of the Monera and Protista having cell walls have now been excluded from Plantae.
B Cyanobacteria that are also referred to as blue green algae are not 'algae' any more
C Numerical taxonomy is based on chromosome number structure and behaviour.
D Chemotaxonomy that uses the chemical constituents of the plant to resolve confusions, are also used by taxonomists these days.

The correct answer is:
Numerical taxonomy is based on chromosome number structure and behaviour.

Solution:
The branch of science that deals with the naming and classification of living organisms on the basis of similarities and dissimilarities. is called taxonomy. Numerical taxonomy based on old observable characteristics. It is done by using computers. Numbers and codes are assigned to those characteristics and then processing starts. In chemotaxonomy, classification is done on the basis of chemicals that organisms possess. In cytotaxonomy, the classification of living organisms is done on the basis of their cellular structure especially chromosome number, meiotic behavior, and its structure. So the incorrect statement is C.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Read the following statement and select the incorrect one amongst the following.

Options:
A T4 is the chief circulating form of thyroid hormone, but is less active than T3
B Acromegaly is usually associated with hypoglycemia and hypotension
C Thyroxine promotes the body growth and metamorphosis in amphibians
D Hypothalamus produces the hormone concerned with milk ejection.

The correct answer is:
Acromegaly is usually associated with hypoglycemia and hypotension

Solution:
Thyroid hormones secreted by thyroid glands are T3 and T4. T4 (thyroxine) is the chief circulating hormone but less active than T3. Thyroxine is responsible for metamorphosis in amphibian as it increases metabolism. Milk ejecting hormone is oxytocin that is produced by paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus but stored in the posterior pituitary. Acromegaly is a condition seen due to hypersecretion of growth hormone. Hypersecretion is concerned with hyperglycemia and hypertension too as high levels of growth hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis and lipolysis.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Read the following statement and use one of the combinations to fill the gaps.

In Chlamydomonas, Volvox, & Spirogyra fusion of gametes is ____ , _____ & _____ respectively

Options:
A isogamous, anisogamous & oogamous
B oogamous, isogamous & anisogamous
C anisogamous, oogamous & isogamous
D isogamous, isogamous & anisogamous

The correct answer is:
anisogamous, oogamous & isogamous

Solution:
Isogamous is a fusion between gametes of the same size (Spirogyra). Anisogamous is the fusion of gametes who are not the same in size (Chlamydomonas). Oogamous is the fertilization of gametes where female is larger in size compared to male gamete (Volvox).

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Read the following statement having two blanks (A and B):
"A drug used for -------(A) ------- patients is obtained from a species of the organism ---- (B) -----."

Options:
A Blank - A Blank - B
Heart Penicillium
B Blank - A Blank - B
Organ-transplant Trichoderma
C Blank - A Blank - B
Alcoholism Monascus
D Blank - A Blank - B
Cancer Streptococcus

The correct answer is:
Blank - A Blank - B
Organ-transplant Trichoderma

Solution:
Trichoderma is a species of filamentous fungi. Cyclosporin A is immunosuppressive drug obtained from Trichoderma and used in organ transplantation.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Read the following statement (i - iii)

(i) The outer and inner membrane of mitochondria has its own specific enzyme.
(ii) Mitochondria is the site of aerobic respiration.
(iii) The stroma contains different enzymes for Tricarboxylic acid cycle.

How many of the given statements are correct?

Options:
A One
B Two
C Three
D None

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
Stroma is the fluid of chloroplast which contains all enzymes for the process of Calvin cycle of photosynthesis. Tricarboxylic acid is Kreb's cycle, and all enzymes for kreb's cycle are present in matrix of mitochondria.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
Read the following statement.

"Nature" biological library is burning even before we catalogued the titles of all the books stocked there." What does this statement refer to?

Options:
A The diversity of plants and animals is not uniform.
B Rich biodiversity is essential for ecosystem health.
C A large fraction of species face the threat of becoming extinct even before we discover them.
D All of the above

The correct answer is:
A large fraction of species face the threat of becoming extinct even before we discover them.

Solution:
Biodiversity includes all the flora and fauna on the earth. All the varieties of organisms come under biodiversity. India, a tropical country, is considered one of the richest w.r.t. biodiversity as it is many climatic regions. Even though the landmass is just 2.4% of the earth, 8.1% of the total global species diversity is observed in India. Robert May, who was the CSO of UK govt., gave estimates on global species diversity and only 22 per cent of the total species have been recorded and 78% is unknown. Human activities have pushed many species to the brink of extinction. As a metaphor we can say that before we can completely catalogue the stocked books the biological library is burning. A large fraction of species faces the threat of becoming extinct even before we discover them

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Read the following statements.

A. Cartilage is present in between atlas and axis.
B. In epithelium, cells are compactly arranged with the little intercellular matrix.
C. The simple epithelium consists of a two or more layer of cells.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

Options:
A None
B One
C Two
D All

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
A and C are incorrect.
A. The pivot joint is present between atlas and axis and is a type of synovial joint.
C. The simple epithelium is made up of a single layer of cells, while the compound epithelium is composed of multiple layers of cells.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Read the following statements (A-D)
A. Coronary Artery Disease is also called atherosclerosis that affects the vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle.
B. The electrocardiograph machine is used to obtain an electrocardiogram (ECG) on graph paper.
C. During a cardiac cycle, the right ventricle pumps out about 70ml of oxygenated blood which is called stroke volume.
D. The second heart sound is associated with the closure of the semilunar valves.
How many statements from the above is/are incorrect?

Options:
A Two
B One
C Four
D Three

The correct answer is:
One

Solution:
Right side of human heart contain deoxygenated blood and left side of human heart contain oxygenated blood so in each cardiac cycle the right ventricle pumps out about 70 ml deoxygenated blood while left ventricle pumps out 70 ml oxygenated blood to respective blood vessels.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Read the following statements A-D.

A QRS complex in ECG indicates ventricular depolarization.

B The electrocardiograph machine is used to obtain Electrocardiogram (ECG) on graph paper.

C During a cardiac cycle, the left ventricle pumps out about 70 ml of oxygenated blood which is called the cardiac output.

D The second heart sound is associated with the closure of the semilunar valves.

How many statements from the above is/are incorrect?

Options:
A Two
B One
C Four
D Three

The correct answer is:
One

Solution:
The right side of the human heart contains deoxygenated blood and the left side of the human heart to contain oxygenated blood so in each cardiac cycle the right ventricle pumps out about 70 ml deoxygenated blood while the left ventricle pumps out 70 ml oxygenated blood to respective blood vessels. Cardiac output is calculated as the amount of blood pumped per minute.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Read the following statements (A - D).

A - Solidification of faeces in the rectum, reduces the urge for defaecation
B - Vomiting is a reflex action
C - Electrolytes like Cl- are absorbed in the gut by simple diffusion
D - Micelles are formed in gut lumen

How many of the above statements are correct?

Options:
A None
B One
C Two
D Three

The correct answer is:
Three

Solution:
Only statement A is incorrect.
A - Solidification of faeces in the rectum, increases the urge for defaecation

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
Read the following statements (A – D).

(A) The movement of air into and out of the lungs is carried out by creating a pressure gradient between the lungs and atmosphere.
(B) Inspiration can occur if the pressure within the lungs is more than the atmospheric pressure.
(C) Expiration takes place when the intrapulmonary pressure is lesser than the atmospheric pressure.
(D) The diaphragm and a specialized set of intercostal muscles in between the ribs help in the generation of such pressure gradients for breathing.

How many of the following statements are correct?

Options:
A Four
B Three
C Two
D One

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
Statement B and C are wrong, because inspiration can occur if the pressure within the lungs (intra-pulmonary pressure) is less than the atmospheric pressure, i.e., there is a negative pressure in the lungs with respect to atmospheric pressure. Expiration takes place when the intra-pulmonary pressure is higher than the atmospheric Pressure i.e., there is positive pressure in the lungs with respect to atmospheric pressure.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Read the following statements:

A. Dura mater is the outer layer of the cranial meninges.
B. Electrical synapses are rare in the human body.
C. The tectorial membrane is found in the middle ear.

How many statements are incorrect?

Options:
A None
B One
C Two
D Three

The correct answer is:
One

Solution:
Mechanism of Hearing
Sound waves collected by pinna → Vibration in Ear drum → Ear ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes) → Oval window → Vibrations are passed onto the fluid of the cochlea → Generation of waves in the lymphs → Induction of a ripple in the basilar membrane → Bending of the hair cells in Organ of Corti → Hair cells are pressed against the tectorial membrane → Generation of nerve impulses in afferent neurons → Auditory nerves → Auditory cortex of the brain where the impulses are analysed.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Read the following statements (A - E) and answer the question following them.

A - Cancer and AIDS, both are incurable diseases.
B - Ionizing radiations like UV rays causes DNA damage and may cause cancer.
C - Cocaine is also known as crack.
D - Adolescence period is between 12-18 years of age.
E - CO (Carbon monoxide) content in the blood increases on smoking.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Options:
A One
B Two
C Three
D Four.

The correct answer is:
Four.

Solution:
Only Statement B is incorrect.
Transformation of normal cells into cancerous neoplastic cells may be induced by physical, chemical or biological agents. These agents are called carcinogens. Ionising radiations like X-rays and gamma rays and non-ionizing radiations like UV cause DNA damage leading to neoplastic transformation. The chemical carcinogens present in tobacco smoke have been identified as a major cause of lung cancer. Cancer causing viruses called oncogenic viruses have genes called viral oncogenes. Furthermore, several genes called cellular oncogenes (c-onc) or proto oncogenes have been identified in normal cells which, when activated under certain conditions, could lead to oncogenic transformation of the cells.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Read the following statements A-E and answer the question that follows them -

A - Infundibulum in the thyroid is a thin flap of connective tissue.
B - Rupturing of Graafian follicles to release ovum is mediated by LH.
C - Source of GH and Prolactin are different.
D - Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

Options:
A None
B One
C Two
D Three.

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
A - Isthmus in thyroid is a thin flap of connective tissue.
C - Source of GH and Prolactin is same.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Read the following statements A-E and answer the question that follows them:

A. Thyrocalcitonin is a hypocalcemic hormone.
B. Isthmus in the thyroid is a thin flap of connective tissue.
C. The ovulation from the Graafian follicles is mediated by LH.
D. The source of FSH and TSH is the same.
E. Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

Options:
A None
B One
C Two
D Three.

The correct answer is:
None

Solution:
A. Thyrocalcitonin is a hypocalcemic hormone.
B. Isthmus in the thyroid is a thin flap of connective tissue.
C. The ovulation from the Graafian follicles is mediated by LH.
D. The source of FSH and TSH is the same i.e. adenohypophysis.
E. Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Read the following statements.

a) High H+ concentration and higher temperature are favourable for dissociation of oxygen from oxyhaemoglobin.
b) Partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli is higher than in tissue.
c) The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration is vital capacity.
d) In alveoli PCO2 low and PO2 high are for dissociation of CO2 from carbamino haemoglobin.

How many of the above statements are true?

Options:
A One
B Two
C Three
D Four

The correct answer is:
Four

Solution:
Vital Capacity (VC) is the maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration. This includes ERV, TV and IRV or the maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration.In the alveoli, where there is high pO2, low pCO2, lesser H+ concentration and lower temperature, the factors are all favourable for the formation of oxyhaemoglobin, whereas in the tissues, where low pO2, high pCO2, high H+ concentration and higher temperature exist, the conditions are favourable for dissociation of oxygen from the oxyhaemoglobin.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Read the following statements:
A. Insulin is a peptide hormone present in pancreatic juice.
B. Parathormone and calcitonin are antagonistic hormones.
C. Zona glomerulosa forms the inner layer of the adrenal cortex.

How many statements are correct?

Options:
A None
B One
C Two
D All

The correct answer is:
One

Solution:
Only statement B is correct.
A. Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted in blood.
C. Zona glomerulosa forms the outer layer of adrenal cortex.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Read the following statements.
(a) Metagenesis is observed in Helminths.
(b) Echinoderms are triploblastic and coelomate animals.
(c) Round worms have organ-system level of body organization.
(d) Comb plates present in ctenophores help in digestion.
(e) Water vascular system is characteristic of Echinoderms.

Options:
A (c), (d) and (e) are correct
B (a), (b) and (c) are correct
C (a), (d) and (e) are correct
D (b), (c) and (e) are correct

The correct answer is:
(b), (c) and (e) are correct

Solution:
Metagenesis is another term for alternation of generation which is a popular feature of Coelenterata. Also comb plates which are a feature of the ctenophores, help in locomotion but not digestion.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2021
Read the following statements -

A. Speciation in microbes may occur within a few days.

B. Anteater and numbat show convergent evolution.

C. Branching descent is the concept of Darwin.

How many statements are incorrect?

Options:
A None
B One
C Two
D All

The correct answer is:
None

Solution:
If more than one adaptive radiation occur in the same region (adaptive radiation in marsupials and placental mammals
in the same Australian continent) representing different habitats, similarities develop among the organisms of same
habitat. This can be termed as convergent evolution.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Read the following statements:

A. The action potential generated by the SA node stimulates both ventricles to undergo simultaneous contraction.

B. The heart sound Lubb is associated with the closure of both semilunar valves.

C. The QRS complex in ECG represents the depolarization of the ventricles.
Select the appropriate option from the following:

Options:
A A and B are correct; C is incorrect
B A, B are incorrect and C is correct
C Only B and C are correct
D Only A is correct

The correct answer is:
A, B are incorrect and C is correct

Solution:
The action potential generated by SA node stimulates both atria to undergo simultaneous contraction called atrial systole. The first heart sound Lubb is associated with the closure of both atrioventricular valves.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Read the following statements

A. Zona reticulata forms the inner layer of adrenal cortex.

B. Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by beta cells of pancreas in pancreatic juice.

C. Parathormone and thyroxine are antagonistic hormone.

How many statements are incorrect ?

Options:
A None
B One
C Two
D All

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
Pancreatic juice is a liquid secreted by the pancreas, which contains a variety of enzymes, including trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastase, carboxypeptidase, pancreatic lipase, nucleases and amylase. Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by beta cells of pancreas directly in the blood.
Parathormone and Calcitonin are antagonistic hormone

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Read the following statements about animal tissues:

A. The smooth muscle fibres are non-striated, fusiform shape and hold together by cell junctions.
B. Cardiac muscle is structurally similar to smooth muscle and acts similar to skeletal muscle.
C. The skeletal muscle is the only multinucleate and voluntary muscle with alternate light and dark striations.

Options:
A A and B are correct; C is incorrect
B A is incorrect; B and C are correct
C A and C are correct; B is incorrect
D A is correct; B and C are incorrect

The correct answer is:
A and C are correct; B is incorrect

Solution:
The smooth muscle fibres are non-striated, fusiform shape or spindle shape which is held together by cell junctions, bundled together in a connective tissue sheath. Cardiac muscle is structurally similar to skeletal muscle and acts involuntarily similar to smooth muscle.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET