datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Particle A makes a perfectly elastic collision with another stationary particle B. They fly apart in opposite directions with equal velocities. The mass ratio will be

Options:
A 13
B 12
C 14
D 13

The correct answer is:
13

Solution:
Let m1 and m2 be the masses of the particles.
By the principle of conservation of momentum,
m1u1+0=m2v-m1v ..... (i)
∵ e=1
2v=u1
Substituting this in (i)
2m1v=m2v-m1v
2m1=m2-m1
3m1=m2
m1m2=13

Topic: Physics, Center of Mass Momentum and Collision, NEET
Particle A makes a perfectly elastic collision with another stationary particle B. They fly apart in opposite directions with equal velocities. The mass ratio will be

Options:
A 13
B 12
C 14
D 13

The correct answer is:
13

Solution:
Let m1 and m2 be the masses of the particles.
By principle of conservation of momentum,
m1u1+0=m2v-m1v ..... (i)
By Newton's law,
∵e=1
v=u1
Substituting this in (i)
2m1v=m2v-m1v
2m1=m2-m1
3m1=m2
m1m2=13

Topic: Physics, Center of Mass Momentum and Collision, NEET
α-particle consists of

Options:
A 2 protons and 2 neutrons only
B 2 electrons, 2 protons and 2 neutrons
C 2 electrons and 4 protons only
D 2 protons only

The correct answer is:
2 protons and 2 neutrons only

Solution:
Alpha particles are composite particles consisting of two protons and two neutrons tightly bound together. They are emitted from the nucleus of some radionuclides during radioactive decay, called alpha-decay.

α particle →2He4

No. of protons →2

No. of neutrons →4-2=2

Topic: Physics, Nuclear Physics, NEET, NEET 2019 (All India)
$\alpha$-particle, $\beta$-particle and $\gamma$-rays are all having same energy. Their penetrating power in a given medium in incresing order will be:

Options:
A $\gamma, \alpha, \beta$
B $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$
C $\beta, \alpha, \gamma$
D $\beta, \gamma, \alpha$

The correct answer is:
$\alpha, \beta, \gamma$

Solution:
In the rays 31. (A) $\gamma-\mathrm{r}$ a y $s$ h a highest penetrative power $\alpha$-rays has least penetrative power.

Topic: Physics, Nuclear Physics, NEET, NEET 2013 (Karnataka)
Particles are released from rest at A and slide down the smooth surface of height h to a conveyor B. The correct angular velocity Ï of the conveyor pulley of radius r to prevent any sliding on the belt as the particles transfer to the conveyor is

Options:
A ghr
B 2gh3r
C 2ghr
D gh2r

The correct answer is:
2ghr

Solution:
First of all, we have to calculate the velocity of particles at the point B.
∵ Loss in P.E. = gain in K.E.
or mgh=12mv2
∴ v=2gh
To prevent sliding, v=rω
∴ ω=vr=2ghr

Topic: Physics, Laws of Motion, NEET
Particles are released from rest at A and slide down the smooth surface of height h to a conveyor B. The correct angular velocity Ï of the conveyor pulley of radius r to prevent any sliding on the belt as the particles transfer to the conveyor is

Options:
A 2gh
B 2ghr
C 2ghr
D 2gh2r2

The correct answer is:
2ghr

Solution:
First of all, we have to calculate the velocity of particles at the point B.
∵ Loss in P.E. = gain in K.E.
Or mgh=12mv2
∴ v= 2gh
To prevent sliding, v=rω
∴ ω=vr=2ghr

Topic: Physics, Laws of Motion, NEET
Parts $A, B, C$ and $D$ of the human eyes are shown in the diagram. Select the option, which gives correct identification along with its functions/characteristics

Options:
A A-retina-contains photoreceptors-rods and cones
B B-blind spot-has only a few rods and cones
C C-aqueous chamber-reflects the light, which does not pass through the lens
D D-choroidits anterior part forms ciliary body

The correct answer is:
A-retina-contains photoreceptors-rods and cones

Solution:
A-Retina-contains photoreceptors - rods and cones. The daylight vision is function of cones and twilight vision is related to rods.
B-Blind spot-Phatoreceptor cells are not present in this part.
C-Aqueous chamber contains a thin watery fluid called aqueous humour.
D-Sclera is the external layer of eye having dense connective tissue.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)
Parturition is induced by

Options:
A A complex neuroendocrine mechanism
B A neuro exocrine mechanism
C A physio-chemical mechanism
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
A complex neuroendocrine mechanism

Solution:
Parturition is induced by a complex neuroendocrine mechanism which is triggered by the fully formed foetus and the placenta called foetal ejection complex. This encompasses the mild uterine contractions in response to the trigger. A developing foetus secretes hormones from its adrenal glands. These hormones diffuse into the maternal blood and accumulate to stimulate the release of oxytocin (birth hormone) from the motherâs posterior pituitary. Oxytocin acts on the uterine muscle and causes stronger contractions, which in turn stimulates the further secretion. The stimulatory reflex between the uterine contraction and oxytocin secretion continues resulting in stronger and stronger contractions leading to the expulsion of the baby out of the uterus through the birth canal.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Passage cells are thin walled cells found in

Options:
A Phloem elements that serve as entry points for substance for transport to other plant parts
B Testa of seeds to enable the emergence of growing embryonic axis during seed germination
C The central region of style through which the pollen tube grows towards the ovary
D Endodermis of roots facilitating rapid transport of water from cortex to pericycle

The correct answer is:
Endodermis of roots facilitating rapid transport of water from cortex to pericycle

Solution:
The innermost layer of the cortex is called endodermis. It comprises a single layer of barrel-shaped parenchyma cells without any intercellular spaces. In roots, thick-walled endodermal cells are interrupted by thin-walled passage cells or transfusion tissue. Passage cells facilitate the transportation of water from cortex to pericycle. The passage cells are thin-walled and are usually located opposite the protoxylem.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Passage cells are thin-walled cells found in:

Options:
A phloem elements that serve as entry points for substance for transport to other plant parts.
B testa of seeds to enable emergence of growing embryonic axis during seed germination
C central region of style through which the pollen tube grows towards the ovary
D endodermis of roots facilitating rapid transport of water from cortex to pericycle.

The correct answer is:
endodermis of roots facilitating rapid transport of water from cortex to pericycle.

Solution:
The innermost layer of the cortex is called endodermis. It comprises a single layer of barrel shaped cells without any intercellular spaces. Endodermis is a single layered structure which separates cortex from stele. There are both thick walled and thin-walled cells in the endodermis. The thin-walled cells are known as passage cells or transfusion cells which are opposite the protoxylem groups. These cells help in rapid transport of water from cortex to pericycle.
Related Theory
Apoplast includes the non-living components of a plant such as cell walls and the intracellular spaces. In contrast, in the symplast pathway, water moves by the osmosis since water moves across the cell membranes. (Ref. to Fig. 25.4)

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET, NEET 2007
Path difference between two wavefronts emitted from coherent sources is 2.1 Î¼m. Phase difference between the wavefronts at that point is 7.692Ï. Wavelength of light emitted by source will be

Options:
A 5385Â â«
B 5600 â«
C 5460Â â«
D 5892Â â«

The correct answer is:
5460 Å

Solution:
Phase difference, ϕ=2πxλ or λ=2πxϕ
=2×π×2.1×10-67.692 π=5460×10-10 m

Topic: Physics, Wave Optics, NEET
Path of water movement from soil to exarch xylem is

Options:
A Soil→root hair→cortex→pericycle→endodermis→metaxylem→protoxylem
B Soil→root hair→cortex→endodermis→pericycle→protoxylem→metaxylem
C Soil→root hair→epidermis→endodermis→phloem→xylem
D Soil→root hair→epidermis→cortex→phloem→xylem

The correct answer is:
Soil→root hair→cortex→endodermis→pericycle→protoxylem→metaxylem

Solution:
The path of water movement from soil to xylem is:
soil→root hair→cortex→endodermis→pericycle→protoxylem→metaxylem

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Pathogenic bacteria gain resistance to antibiotics due to changes in their :

Options:
A Cosmids
B Plasmids
C Nucleus
D Nucleoid

The correct answer is:
Plasmids

Solution:
Plasmids are extra chromosomal DNA in bacterial cytoplasm which provide additional feature to the bacteria such as antibiotic resistance, $\mathrm{N}_2$-Fixation, fertility, etc.
Plasmid may contain resistance genes for several antibiotics.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 2)
Pathogenicity of Pneumococcus in the transformation experiment carried out by Griffith was due to

Options:
A Carotenoid
B RNA
C Protein
D Polysaccharide

The correct answer is:
Polysaccharide

Solution:
The polysaccharide capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae is the dominant surface structure of the organism and plays a critical role in virulence, principally by interfering with host phagocytic clearance mechanisms. The S-strain bacteria synthesize a smooth polysaccharide coat and are virulent, while the R-strain bacteria synthesize a rough polysaccharide coat and are non-virulent.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
'Pathogens' are
I. Normally non-disease causing in nature.
II. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, helminths are few examples of pathogens.
III. It causes harm to the host by living in (or on) them.

Options:
A I and III
B II and III
C I and II
D All are correct

The correct answer is:
II and III

Solution:
A wide range of organisms belonging to bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, helminths, etc., can cause diseases in man. Such disease-causing organisms are called pathogens. All parasites are therefore pathogens as they cause harm to the host by living in (or on) them. The pathogens can enter our body by various means, multiply and interfere with normal vital activities, resulting in morphological and functional damage. Pathogens have to adapt to life within the environment of the host.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Pathophysiology is the:

Options:
A Study of physiology of pathogen
B Study of the normal physiology of host
C Study of altered physiology of host
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Study of altered physiology of host

Solution:
Study of altered physiology of host is called Pathophysiology.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Pattern baldness, moustaches and beard in human males are examples of:

Options:
A sex-linked traits
B sex-limited traits
C sex differentiating traits
D sex determining traits

The correct answer is:
sex-limited traits

Solution:
Sex-limited traits are traits that are visible only within one sex. Premature baldness and type of beard growth are human sex-limited characters. Sex linked traits are traits that are found on either one of the chromosomes that determine sex, or the sex chromosomes. Examples: haemophilia.
Related Theory
Genes that are located on the sex chromosomes are called as sex linked genes. Because $X$ and $Y$ chromosomes have different genes, sex-linked genes have a pattern of expression that is different from autosomal genes. Because males only have one copy of each type of sex chromosome. they express all of the alleles on both chromosomes. Sex-influenced traits are autosomal traits that are influenced by sex. One such gene is baldness.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET, NEET 2003
Pattern baldness, moustaches and beard in human males are examples of

Options:
A Sex-determining traits
B Sex linked traits
C Sex limited traits
D Sex differentiating traits

The correct answer is:
Sex limited traits

Solution:
Sex-linked traits, such as colour blindness or haemophilia, are those which show a criss-cross pattern of inheritance of certain genes together along with sex-determining genes, because of their presence on the sex chromosomes. Sex-limited characters express their effects only in one sex and not the other. Sex-influenced characters appear due to the effect of a particular sex hormone.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Pay load is defined as the difference between the mass of displaced air and the mass of the balloon. Calculate the Pay load when a balloon of radius 10 m, mass 100 kg is filled with helium at 1.66 bar at 27°C. (Density of air = 1.2 kg m–3and R = 0.083 bar dm3K–1mol–1).

Options:
A 3811.1 kg
B 3984.2 kg
C 3487.1 kg
D 3254.5 kg

The correct answer is:
3811.1 kg

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
3811.1 kg

Topic: Chemistry, States of Matter, NEET
Pb and Sn are extracted from their chief ore by

Options:
A carbon reduction and self reduction
B self reduction and carbon reduction
C electrolysis and self reduction
D self reduction and electrolysis

The correct answer is:
self reduction and carbon reduction

Solution:
Pb and Sn are extracted from their chief ore by self reduction and carbon reduction respectively.
Self reduction
2PbS+3O2âÎ2PbO+2SO2
2PbO + PbS → Δ 3Pb +  SO 2  (self reduction)
SnO 2  + 2C → Δ Sn + 2CO (Carbon reduction)

Topic: Chemistry, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals, NEET
Pb on reaction with conc. HNO3 gives

Options:
A Pb(NO3)4+NO3
B Pb(NO3)3+N2O
C Pb(NO3)2+NO2
D PbNO3+NO

The correct answer is:
Pb(NO3)2+NO2

Solution:
HNO3 is the best solvent for lead and the reaction is as follows
Pb+4HNO3(conc.)→Pb(NO3)2+2NO2+2H2O

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET
pBR322 has restriction sites for many restriction endonucleases. Which of these enzymes acting on pBR322 is not correctly matched with its source?

I. PvuI: Providencia vulgaris
II. ClaI: Caryophanon latum
III. SalI: Streptomyces albus
IV. PstI: Proteus stuarti

Options:
A I and III
B II and IV
C I and IV
D II and III

The correct answer is:
I and IV

Solution:
pBR322 has the following regions:
ori: Region for origin for replication. rop: This region codes for the proteins involved in the replication of plasmid. This region also has recognition sequence for restriction endonuclease Pvu II (Proteus vulgaris). tetR - This region provides resistance against the antibiotic tetracycline. This region also has recognition sequence for restriction endonucleases: Bam H I from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Sal I from Streptomyces albus. ampR - This region provides resistance against the antibiotic ampicillin. This region also has recognition sequence for restriction endonucleases: Pvu I from Proteus vulgaris and Pst I from Providencia stuarti. Apart from these, pBR 322 also shows recognition sequence for restriction endonucleases: EcoR I from Escherichia coli, Hind III from Haemophilus influenza, Cla I from Caryophanon latum

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
PbS has NaCl type structure. The distance between Pb2+ and S2- ions is 297 pm. What is the volume of unit cell of PbS?

Options:
A 209.6×10-24cm3
B 207.8×10-23cm3
C 22.3×10-23cm3
D 209.8×10-23cm3

The correct answer is:
209.6×10-24cm3

Solution:
Edge length of unit cell =2r=2×297 pm
=594×10-10 cm
Volume of unit cell =a3=(594×10-10)3cm
=209.6×10-24cm3 .

Topic: Chemistry, Solid State, NEET
Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + 2H2SO4(aq) → 2PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l)

Options:
A Substance Oxidised: Pb Substance Reduced: PbO 2 Oxidising Agent: PbO 2 Reducing Agent: Pb
B Substance Oxidised: PbO 2 Substance Reduced: Pb Oxidising Agent: Pb Reducing Agent: PbO 2
C Substance Oxidised: H 2 SO 4 Substance Reduced: PbO 2 Oxidising Agent: PbO 2 Reducing Agent: H 2 SO 4
D Substance Oxidised: H 2 SO 4 Substance Reduced: Pb Oxidising Agent: H 2 SO 4 Reducing Agent: Pb

The correct answer is:
Substance Oxidised: Pb Substance Reduced: PbO 2 Oxidising Agent: PbO 2 Reducing Agent: Pb

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
Substance Oxidised: Pb Substance Reduced: PbO 2 Oxidising Agent: PbO 2 Reducing Agent: Pb

Topic: Chemistry, Redox Reactions, NEET
PCR and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism are the methods for

Options:
A study of enzymes
B genetic transformation
C DNA sequencing
D genetic fingerprinting

The correct answer is:
genetic fingerprinting

Solution:
The hypervariable regions of DNA have Variable Number of Tandem repeats (VNTRs) of short nucleotide sequences which are specific for each individual (except for monozygotic twins). Variations also occur due to mutations, small deletions or insertions. Therefore, DNA cut by a particular endonuclease will have different lengths in different persons. This phenomenon is called Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. It is the basis of genetic (or DNA) fingerprinting and is useful in identifying individuals from their semen, blood or tissues or any other DNA sample and resolution of parent hood disputes.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is also useful in genetic fingerprinting as it can amplify the DNA sample even if available in a very small amount.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET, NEET 2012 (Screening)
PCR is a cyclic process that is used to amplify the DNA fragments. During the amplification, number of cycles is generally kept between 30–40 cycles. How many number of DNA strands will be produced if the number of cycles were kept 10?

Options:
A 512
B 20
C 256
D 1024

The correct answer is:
1024

Solution:
The number of DNA strands produced in each cycle of PCR is given by formula (2)n, where n is number of cycles.
Since the number of cycles given in question is 10, the number of DNA strands produced will be (2)10 = 1024.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Peat moss is used as packing material for the shipment of flowers and live plants to distant places because

Options:
A it is easily available
B it reduces transpiration
C it is hygroscopic
D all of the above

The correct answer is:
it is hygroscopic

Solution:
Bryophytes include mosses and liverworts. Peat is the deposition formed when there is a partial decomposition of organic matter. The moss, Sphagnum provides peat which is used as a fuel as well as a packing material for transport of living matter. It is used for the shipment of living materials as it can hold water and therefore keeps the live plants and flowers fresh.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Pellagra is a condition associated with the deficiency of which vitamin?

Options:
A Vitamin A
B Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
C Vitamin C
D Vitamin D

The correct answer is:
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Solution:
Pellagra is a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin B3 (niacin) and is characterized by symptoms such as dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Pelvic girdle is made up of

Options:
A 6 bones
B 2 bones
C 30 bones
D 4 bones

The correct answer is:
2 bones

Solution:
Pelvic girdle: It consists of two coxal bones. Each coxal bone is formed by the fusion of three bones: ilium, ischium and pubis. Thigh bone articulates with a cavity called acetabulum to which the thigh bone articulates. The two halves of the pelvic girdle meet ventrally at the pubic symphysis containing fibrous cartilage.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
PEM (protein-energy malnutrition) that affects the infants results in

Options:
A Marasmus
B Kwashiorkor
C Pot-bellied
D Obesity.

The correct answer is:
Marasmus

Solution:
Marasmus occurs more often in infants (up to 1 yr). It leads to dehydration and weight loss. The symptoms of marasmus include weight loss, dehydration, chronic diarrhea and stomach shrinkage. It is a severe form of PEM - Protein Energy Malnutrition.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
Penicillin was first discovered by

Options:
A A. Fleming
B Tence and Salke
C S.A. Waksna
D Lewis Pasteur

The correct answer is:
A. Fleming

Solution:
A. Fleming discovered penicillin in 1929.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET
Pentamerous actinomorphic flowers, bicarpellary, ovary with oblique septa, and fruit a capsule or berry, are characteristic features of:

Options:
A liliaceae
B asteraceae
C brassicaceae
D solanaceae

The correct answer is:
solanaceae

Solution:
The features mentioned above are a characteristic of the family Solanaceae. A pentamerous actinomorphic flower is one where the floral parts are in multiples of five and the flower can be divided into two equal halves in more than one plane. Gynoecium is bicarpellary, syncarpous, forming a superior bilocular ovary. Each locule has many ovules in axile placentation. Members of solanaceae are characterized by the presence of an obliquely placed septum in the ovary and highly swollen placentae. The oblique septum is probably due to shifting in the position of the ovary.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2006
Pentamerous actinomorphic flowers, bicarpellary ovary with oblique septa, and fruit capsule or berry are characteristic features of family

Options:
A Liliaceae
B Asteraceae
C Brassicaceae
D Solanaceae

The correct answer is:
Solanaceae

Solution:
A pentamerous actinomorphic flower is one where the floral parts are in multiples of five and the flower can be divided into two equal halves in more than one plane. The gynoecium is bicarpellary, syncarpous, forming a superior bilocular ovary. Each locule has many ovules on axile placentation. Members of Solanaceae are characterized by the presence of an obliquely placed septum in the ovary and highly swollen placentae. The oblique septum is probably due to shifting in the position of the ovary.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Pentamerous, actinomorphic flowers; bicarpellate ovary with oblique septa and capsule or berry fruits are characteristic features of

Options:
A Brassicaceae
B Solanaceae
C Liliaceae
D Asteraceae

The correct answer is:
Solanaceae

Solution:
Pentamerous, actinomorphic flowers, bicarpillary ovary with oblique septa and capsule or berry fruits are the characteristic features of family Solanaceae.
Brassicaceae: Dimerous or tetramerous, actinomorphic but sometimes zygomorphic flower, bicarpellary ovary with a false septum (called replum), fruit is siliqua or silicula.
Lilicaeae: Trimerous, actinomorphic flower, tricarpillary, syncarpous ovary, fruit is berry or capsula.
Asteraceae: Pentamerous, actinomorphic or zygomorphic flower, bicarpillary, syncarpous, unilocular ovary, fruit is cypsella.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC per cubic millimeter of their blood whereas those living at an altitude to 5400 metres have around 8 million. This is because at high altitude:

Options:
A people eat more nutritive food. therefore more RBCs are formed
B people get pollution-free air to breathe and more oxygen is available
C atmospheric $\mathrm{O}_2$ level is less and hence more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of $\mathrm{O}_2$ to survive.
D there is more UV radiation which enhances RBC production

The correct answer is:
atmospheric $\mathrm{O}_2$ level is less and hence more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of $\mathrm{O}_2$ to survive.

Solution:
As we move from low altitude to high altitude, the air starts getting thinner and thinner. The partial pressure of oxygen starts decreasing with increasing altitude. Now, since the partial pressure of oxygen is less in our lungs, the binding of oxygen to haemoglobin in RBCs also decreases. As a result, there is decreased oxygen supply to the tissues thereby starving them of oxygen. This situation leads to the release of the hormone erythropoietin from the kidneys, which stimulates the bone marrow to increase the production of RBCs.
Related Theory
Oxygen is carried in the blood in two forms: (i) dissolved in plasma and RBC water (about $2 \%$ of the total) and (ii) reversibly bound to haemoglobin (about $98 \%$ of the total). The haemoglobin molecule has four binding sites for oxygen molecules: the iron atoms in the four heme groups. Thus, each $\mathrm{Hb}$ tetramer can bind four oxygen molecules.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET, NEET 2006