datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Some of the characteristics of $B t$ cotton are

Options:
A long fibre and resistance to aphids
B medium yield, long fibre and resistance to beetle pests
C high yield and production of toxic protein crystals which kill dipteran pests
D high yield and resistance to bollworms

The correct answer is:
high yield and resistance to bollworms

Solution:
Bacillus thuringiensis forms crystals containing a toxic insecticidal protein. Bt toxin protein exists as inactive protein but once an insect ingests the inactive toxin, it is converted into an active form of toxin due to the alkaline $\mathrm{pH}$ of the gut, which solubulise the crystals. The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells and creates pores that cause cell swelling and lysis and eventually cause death of the insect. Specific Bt toxin genes were isolated from $B$. thuringiensis and incorporated into the several plants such as cotton. The toxin is coded by a gene named cry. There are a number of them, $\mathrm{eg}$, the proteins encoded by the genes cry IAc and cry II Ab control the cotton bollworms, that of cry IAb control corn borers.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET, NEET 2010 (Screening)
Some of the characteristics of Bt cotton are:

Options:
A Long fibre and resistance to aphids
B Medium yield, long fibre and resistance to beetle pests
C High yield and production of toxic protein crystals which kill dipteran pests
D High yield and resistance to bollworms

The correct answer is:
High yield and resistance to bollworms

Solution:
Bt toxin genes were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into cotton plant to form a genetically modified crop called Bt cotton. Bt cotton has high yield and resistance to bollworms.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Some of the dominant traits studied by Mendel were

Options:
A round seed shape, green seed colour and axial flower position.
B terminal flower position, green pod colour and inflated pod shape.
C violet flower colour, green pod colour and round seed shape.
D wrinkled seed shape, yellow pod colour, and axial flower position.

The correct answer is:
violet flower colour, green pod colour and round seed shape.

Solution:
Johann Mendel, considered the father of Genetics, gave the observation and theories of inheritance of characteristics. He made his conclusions bases on experiments conducted on Pisum sativum, pea plant. In the plant he had considered seven characteristics - seed shape, seed colour, pod shape, pod colour, stem height, flower colour, flower position.
During his experiments, he found that the tall height stem, round seed, yellow seed, green pod, axial flower and inflated pod traits were dominant and the alternative traits were recessive.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Some of the enzymes, which are associated with the digestion of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, are present in

Options:
A Lysosomes
B Liposomes
C Microsomes
D Glyoxysomes

The correct answer is:
Lysosomes

Solution:
The isolated lysosomal vesicles have been found to be very rich in almost all types of hydrolytic enzymes (hydrolases such as lipases, proteases, carbohydrases) optimally active at the acidic pH. These enzymes are capable of digesting carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Some of the land reptiles went back into the water to evolve into fish-like reptiles (e.g. Ichthyosaurs), probably around

Options:
A 200 mya
B 500 mya
C 100 mya
D 1 bya

The correct answer is:
200 mya

Solution:
500 mya - Origin of Invertebrates.
350 mya - Origin of Jawless fishes.
320 mya - Origin of Sea weeds and few other plants.
200 mya - Some land reptiles (the dinosaurs) went back into water and evolved into fish like reptiles (e.g. Ichthyosaurs).
65 mya - Sudden disappearance of dinosaurs from the earth.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Some of the molecules found in animal tissues are grouped into three lists.

I. glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, water
II. glycogen, antibodies, adenine, phospholipids
III. hemoglobin, carbon dioxide, mRNA, monosaccharides

Which lists include one or more molecules that always contain nitrogen atoms?

Options:
A I, II and III
B I and II only
C I and III only
D II and III only

The correct answer is:
II and III only

Solution:
Haemoglobin and antibodies are made of proteins which contain nitrogen in their structure. mRNA is a nucleic acid which contains N-bases made of nitrogen base. Adenine is purine which is a part of N-bases of nucleic acids. It is a heterocyclic aromatic purine characterized by a two-ringed structure composed of carbon and nitrogen atoms.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Some of the stages in the hydrarch are labeled as

I. Marsh meadow stage
II. Reed swamp stage
III. Submerged plant stage
IV. Phytoplankton stage
V. Free-floating plant stage

Identify the choice that represents the correct sequence of these stages

Options:
A IV, III, V, II and I
B III, V, I, II and IV
C II, IV, III, I and V
D IV, V, III, II and I

The correct answer is:
IV, III, V, II and I

Solution:
Phytoplankton
â(Blue-green algae, bacteria)
Rooted submerged
â(Hydrilla, Utricularia)
Free-floating stage
â(Nelumbo, Nymphaea, Azolla)
Reed swamp stage
â(Lemna, Wolffia)
Sedge meadow stage
â(Scirpus, Typha)
Woodland stage
â(Juncus, Cyperus)
Forest stage

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Some of the steps involved in the production of humulin are given below. Choose the correct sequence.

(1) Introduction of the recombinant plasmid into E. coli.
(2) Extraction of a recombinant gene product from E. coli.
(3) Culturing recombinant E. coli in bioreactors.
(4) Insertion of the human insulin gene into a plasmid.

Options:
A 2,Â 1,Â 4,Â 3
B 1,Â 3,Â Â 2,Â 4
C 4, 1, 3, 2
D 3,Â 2,Â 1,Â 4

The correct answer is:
4, 1, 3, 2

Solution:
Humulin was first produced by an American company Eli Lily. The human insulin synthesizing gene was isolated and introduced into a plasmid. The recombinant plasmid was then introduced into E. coli which was then cultured in a bioreactor. Finally, the product was isolated and purified.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Some reaction of amines are given. Which one is not correct?

Options:
A
B \(\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{NH}_4+\mathrm{HNO}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{OH}+\mathrm{N}_2\)
C $\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{NH}_2+\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{SO}_2 \mathrm{Cl} \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{NHSO}_2 \mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5$
D \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{NH}+\mathrm{NaNO}_2+\mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow \left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2 \quad \mathrm{~N}-\mathrm{N}=0\)

The correct answer is:

Solution:
When aromatic tertiary anines undergo electrophilic substitution with nitrosonium ion to form green coloured p-nitrosoamines

Topic: Chemistry, Amines, NEET, NEET 2013 (Karnataka)
Some secretory cells synthesize and release glycoproteins. What is the correct order of the sequence of events as they occur in the secretory cell?

I. Exocytosis

II. Product accumulates in secretory vesicle

III. mRNA binds to ribosomes

IV. Synthesis of glycoprotein

Options:
A III, IV, I, II
B III, IV, II, I
C IV, III, I, II
D IV, III, II, I

The correct answer is:
III, IV, II, I

Solution:
Protein synthesis follows the typical transcription to translation steps. The mRNA having the code for glycoprotein will be translated by the ribosome possibly in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Later the constructed protein is processed by golgi bodies and secreted out of the cell via exocytosis in vesicles made out of the golgi bodies. Such secretory cells have a higher amount of RER and GB.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Some seeds retain a part of endosperm as it is not completely used up during embryo development; while in some seeds, remnants of the nucellus are also persistent. Choose the option with examples of the respective types of seeds.

Options:
A Black pepper, groundnut
B Castor, black pepper
C Pea, beet
D Barley, groundnut

The correct answer is:
Castor, black pepper

Solution:
Albuminous seeds retain a part of endosperm as it is not completely used up during embryo development (e.g., wheat, maize, barley, castor). Occasionally, in some seeds such as black pepper and beet, remnants of nucellus are also persistent. This residual, persistent nucellus is the perisperm.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Some statements about heavy water are given below:

(a) Heavy water is used as a moderator in nuclear reactors.

(b) Heavy water is more associated than ordinary water.

(c) Heavy water is more effective solvent than ordinary water.

Which of the above statements are correct?

Options:
A (b) and (c)
B (a) and (b)
C (a), (b) and (c)
D (a) and (c)

The correct answer is:
(a) and (b)

Solution:
1. Heavy water is used as moderator in nuclear reactors.
2. It has a higher boiling point than ordinary water, thus it is more associated as compared to normal water.
3. The dielectric constant is more for ordinary water. Thus, it is a more effective solvent than heavy water.

Topic: Chemistry, s Block Elements, NEET
Some statements about heavy water are given below
(i) Heavy water is used as a moderator in nuclear reactors.
(ii) Heavy water is more associated than ordinary water.
(iii) Heavy water is more effective solvent than ordinary water.
Which of the above statements are correct?

Options:
A (i) and (ii)
B (i), (ii) and (iii)
C (ii) and (iii)
D (i) and (iii)

The correct answer is:
(i) and (ii)

Solution:
Heavy water is used for slowing down the speed of neutrons in nuclear reactors, hence used as moderator. Boiling point of heavy water is greater (374.42 K) than that of ordinary water (373 K), hence heavy water is more associated. Dielectric constant of ordinary water is greater than that of heavy water, hence ordinary water is a better solvent.

Topic: Chemistry, s Block Elements, NEET
Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as armyworm. Armyworm is

Options:
A dipteran
B lepidopteran
C coleopteran
D all of these

The correct answer is:
lepidopteran

Solution:
Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm), coleopterans (beetles) and dipterans (flies, mosquitoes). Lepidopterans are insects that have the presence of scales that cover the body and wings. Coleopterans are insects that have a sheath-like covering on the body. Dipterans are insects that have two pairs of wings.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Some structures with their function are given below, mark the wrongly matched one.

Options:
A Choanocytes - Generation of water current
B Pneumatic bones - Skeletal support
C Radula - Feeding
D Statocyst - Balance organs

The correct answer is:
Pneumatic bones - Skeletal support

Solution:
Found in Aves, these are hollow bones which help birds in flight. They are connected to strong muscles in the wings which helps in prolonged flight.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Some time ago formation of polar stratospheric clouds was reported over Antarctica. Why were these formed? What happens when such clouds break up by warmth of sunlight?

Options:
A Polar stratospheric clouds form due to volcanic emissions and break up into rain.
B Polar stratospheric clouds form as a result of increased water and dissipate into the atmosphere.
C Polar stratospheric clouds form due to the extreme cold in polar regions and release ozone-depleting substances when they break up.
D Polar stratospheric clouds form from industrial pollution and dissipate, leading to improved air quality.

The correct answer is:
Polar stratospheric clouds form due to the extreme cold in polar regions and release ozone-depleting substances when they break up.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (C)
Polar stratospheric clouds form due to the extreme cold in polar regions and release ozone-depleting substances when they break up.

Topic: Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, NEET
Some tranquilizers are listed below. Which one from the following belongs to barbiturates?

Options:
A Veronal
B Chlordiazepoxide
C Meprobamate
D Valium

The correct answer is:
Veronal

Solution:
Tranquillizers are the drugs that are used to reduce anxiety, fear, tension, agitation, and related states of mental disturbance. Derivatives of barbituric acid viz., veronal, amytal, nembutal, luminal and seconal constitute an important class of tranquilizers. These derivatives are called barbiturates.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET, NEET 2023 (All India)
Some type of gel like gelatine loose water slowly, the process is known as

Options:
A synerisis
B thixotropy
C peptisation
D limbibition

The correct answer is:
synerisis

Solution:
Synersis is expulsion of a liquid from a gel, which hardens the gel.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Some water of mass 20 g at 0 Â°C is mixed with 40 g of water at 10 Â°C. The final temperature of the mixture is

Options:
A 5 °C
B 0 °C
C 20 °C
D 6.66 °C

The correct answer is:
6.66 °C

Solution:
Let θ be the final temperature of the mixture.
Heat gained by water at 0 °C = Heat lost by water at 10 °C
c m1×θ-0= cm2×10-θ
θ=40060=6.66 °C

Topic: Physics, Thermal Properties of Matter, NEET
Sometimes a radioactive nucleus decays into a nucleus which itself is radioactive. An example is :
Assume that we start with 100038S nuclei at time t = 0. The number of38Cl is of count zero at t = 0 and will again be zero at t = ∞, At what value of t would the number of counts be a maximum?

Options:
A 0.245 s
B 0.745 s
C 1.245 s
D 1.745 s

The correct answer is:
0.745 s

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
0.745 s

Topic: Chemistry, Nuclear Physics, NEET
Sometimes the change in allelic frequency is so different in the new sample of the population that they become a different species. The original drifted population create a different population. This is called

Options:
A Founder effect
B Bottleneck effect
C Metapopulation effect
D Gene migration

The correct answer is:
Founder effect

Solution:
Founder effect - Sometimes the genetic drift is so prominent in the new sample of the population that newly formed population may become a different species. In this case, the original drifted population is termed as founders and the effect is called the Founder effect.
Bottleneck effect - Bottlenecks are natural calamities like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes or storms, etc. sudden change in the environment may drastically reduce the size of the population and now this population may be genetically different from the original population. Certain alleles may have more frequency among the survivors, others may be less and some may be absent altogether. In a population that has passed through a bottleneck ultimately recovers in size, but it may have low levels of genetic variations for a long period of time and this may produce a new species.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Sound waves travel at $350 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ through a warm air and at $3500 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ through brass. The wavelength of a $700 \mathrm{~Hz}$ acoustic wave as it enters brass from warm air

Options:
A increases by a factor 20
B increases by a factor 10
C decreases by a factor 20
D decreases by a factor 10

The correct answer is:
increases by a factor 10

Solution:
Velocity of sound $y=n \lambda$
$$
\begin{aligned}
& \frac{y_1}{y_2}=\frac{n_1 \lambda_1}{n_2 \lambda_2} \quad \text { (but } n_1=n_2 \text { ) } \\
& \lambda_2=\lambda_1 \frac{y_2}{y_1}=\lambda_1 \times 10 \\
& \lambda_2=10 \lambda_1
\end{aligned}
$$

Topic: Physics, Waves and Sound, NEET, NEET 2011 (Screening)
Soyabean transport ureides from root nodules to various plant parts as fixed nitrogen, which

Options:
A is a nitrogen and phosphourus rich compounds
B carries high NO3 than carbohydrates
C carries high N : C ratio
D Is highly soluble in organic compounds so, transported through xylem.

The correct answer is:
carries high N : C ratio

Solution:
Atmospheric nitrogen can be accessed by the nitrogen-fixing bacteria that are found root nodules of Soyabean plant. The plant and bacteria are in a symbiotic relationship where the pant provides shelter to the bacteria and in return microbe provides fixed nitrogen. The ureides allantoin and allantoic acid are products of nitrogen fixation process and are the dominant long-distance transport form that are carried from nodules to the different parts of plant. Since amides contain more nitrogen than the amino acids, they are transported to other parts of the plant via xylem vessels. These compounds also have a particularly high nitrogen to carbon ratio. ureids are highly soluble in water and so, are transported through xylem.

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET
Sparingly Soluble salt has solubility

Options:
A <0.01M
B >0.1M
C In between 0.01M and 0.1M
D Cannot say

The correct answer is:
<0.01M

Solution:
Correct Option is : 1
<0.01M

Topic: Chemistry, Ionic Equilibrium, NEET
Special cellular thickenings are observed at the micropylar end of the synergids. Identify the option which correctly identifies these structures and their function.

Options:
A filiform apparatus - helps in the guidance of the pollen tube into the synergid
B egg apparatus - forms the mature, 8-nucleate and 7-celled, angiospermic embryo sac
C antipodal cells - provision of nourishment to the egg apparatus
D central cell - characterizes the female gametophyte and allows the initiation of double fertilization as required

The correct answer is:
filiform apparatus - helps in the guidance of the pollen tube into the synergid

Solution:
Three cells are grouped together at the micropylar end and constitute the egg apparatus. The egg apparatus, in turn, consists of two synergids and one egg cell. The synergids have special cellular thickenings at the micropylar tip called filiform apparatus, which play an important role in guiding the pollen tubes into the synergid.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Specialized epidermal cells surrounding the guard cells are called:

Options:
A complementary cells
B subsidiary cells
C bulliform cells
D lenticels

The correct answer is:
subsidiary cells

Solution:
As subsidiary cells and guard cells both are the modification of epidermal cells in which guard cells have chloroplasts which is absent in surrounding subsidiary cells. Subsidiary cells are the accessory cells to guard cells in the epidermis of plants. Two or four subsidiary cells are found surrounding the pair of guard cells. Subsidiary cells do not consist of chloroplasts. They provide support for the functioning of guard cells in the epidermis. Subsidiary cells play a role in ion channel-mediated opening and closing of guard cells.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 1)
Species are considered as:

Options:
A real basic units of classification
B the lowest units of classification
C artificial concept of human mind which cannot be defined in absolute terms
D real units of classification devised by taxonomists

The correct answer is:
real basic units of classification

Solution:
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. As they share more common character it is the basic unit of classification.

Topic: Biology, The Living World, NEET, NEET 2003
Species diversity generally increases as one proceeds from

Options:
A Low altitude to high altitude, and from low latitudes to high latitudes
B High altitude to low altitude, and from low latitudes to high latitudes
C High altitude to low altitude, and from high latitudes to low latitudes
D Low altitude to high altitude, and from high latitudes to low latitudes

The correct answer is:
High altitude to low altitude, and from high latitudes to low latitudes

Solution:
The environmental conditions in these regions are favourable and hence species have become diversified.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Species diversity increases as one proceeds from:

Options:
A High altitude to low altitude and high latitude to low latitude
B Low altitude to high altitude and high latitude to low latitude
C Low altitude to high altitude and low latitude to high latitude
D High altitude to low altitude and low latitude to high latitude.

The correct answer is:
High altitude to low altitude and high latitude to low latitude

Solution:
The diversity of plants and animals is not uniform throughout the world but shows a rather uneven distribution. For many group of animals or plants, there are interesting patterns in diversity, the most well- known being the latitudinal gradient in diversity. In general, species diversity decreases as we move away from the equator towards the poles. With very few exceptions, tropics (latitudinal range of 23.5Â° N to 23.5Â° S) harbour more species than temperate or polar areas.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Species having exclusive areas of the geographic distribution are

Options:
A sibling species
B morphospecies
C sympatric species
D allopatric species

The correct answer is:
allopatric species

Solution:
A species is a group of similar individuals that produces offspring that are fertile and capable of interbreeding. If a species population is reproductively isolated due to geographical barrier, this results in development of two separate species. Such species are called allopatric species. These species have exclusive areas of geographic distribution.
The evolution of a new species from an existing one due to reproductive isolation and present in the same geographical region is called sympatric species.
Organism groups that are closely related and have identical morphological features but reproductive isolation are termed sibling species. These groups even if they interbreed their offspring will be sterile. Two morphologically identical species that do not interbreed are referred to as sibling species; for example Drosophila pseudobscula and D. persimilis are sibling species that do not interbreed.
Morphospecies is a means of classifying groups of organisms based on their morphological features.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Species that have maximum influence on the ecosystem are called

Options:
A Sympatric species
B Keystone species
C Sibling species
D Predator species

The correct answer is:
Keystone species

Solution:
Keystone species are those which have an extremely high impact on a particular ecosystem relative to its population. Keystone species are also critical for the overall structure and function of an ecosystem, and they influence other types of plants and animals making up that ecosystem.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Specific conductance of 0.1M HA is 3.75Ã10-4 ohm-1cm-1. If Î»â of HA is 250 ohm-1cm2mol-1, then dissociation constant Ka of HA is

Options:
A 1×10-5
B 2.25×10-4
C 2.25×10-5
D 2.25×10-13

The correct answer is:
2.25×10-5

Solution:
λm=1000xkm=3.75
α=λmλm∞=3.75250=0.015=1.5×10-2
∴Ka=Cα2=0.10.0152=2.25×10-5

Topic: Chemistry, Electrochemistry, NEET
Specific resistance of a conductor increase with:

Options:
A increase in the temperature
B increase in the cross-section area
C increase in the cross-section and decrease in the length
D increase in the cross section area

The correct answer is:
increase in the temperature

Solution:
Specific resistance of a conduction increases with increases in the temperature.

Topic: Physics, Current Electricity, NEET, NEET 2002
Specific resistance of a wire depends on the

Options:
A length of the wire
B area of cross-section of the wire
C resistance of the wire
D material of the wire

The correct answer is:
material of the wire

Solution:
Specific resistance is a property which depends solely on the material of substance. It is independent of length, area of cross-section and resistance.

Topic: Physics, Current Electricity, NEET