datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Recombinant DNA molecule can be created normally by cutting the vector DNA and source DNA respectively with:

Options:
A Hind II, Hind II
B Hind II, Alu I
C Hind II, EcoR I
D Hind II, BamHI

The correct answer is:
Hind II, Hind II

Solution:
Option (1) is the correct answer because, unless we cut the vector and the source DNA with the same restriction enzyme, the recombinant vector molecule cannot be created.
In options (2), (3) and (4), restriction enzymes are different for cutting the vector DNA and source DNA, so they cannot be the answers.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET, NEET 2024 (Re-NEET)
Recombinant protein not used in medical practice is

Options:
A Human growth hormone
B Interferon (α, β and γ)
C Insuliin
D Heparin

The correct answer is:
Heparin

Solution:
Recombinant proteins are those proteins which are obtained from recombinant DNA technology. There are only ten such proteins which are in use/practice, they are:

1. Factor VII (treating hemophilia A)

2. Factor - IX (treatment of hemophilia B)

3. DNAase I, (treating cystic fibrosis)

4. Bovine growth hormone (increasing milk yield)

5. Insulin (treating type-I diabetes mellitus)

6. Interferon-alpha (treating chronic Hepatitis-C)

7. Anti-thrombin - III (prevention of blood clot)

8. Interleukins (treatment of cancers)

9. Interferon - beta (herpes and viral enteritis)

10. Human recombinant growth hormone (promoting growth)

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Recombination between homologous chromosomes is completed by the end of

Options:
A Diakinesis
B Zygotene
C Diplotene
D Pachytene

The correct answer is:
Pachytene

Solution:
Recombination between homologous chromosomes is completed by the end of pachytene.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET, NEET 2024 (Re-NEET)
Rectified spirit contains 95% ethanol by mass, the mole-fraction of ethanol is

Options:
A 0.118
B 0.811
C 0.999
D 0.881

The correct answer is:
0.881

Solution:
100 g ethanol solution contains 95 g of ethanol (C2H5OH) . Therefore, the mass of water is (100 – 5) g = 5 g.
So mole fraction of ethanol
XC2H5OH=nC2H5OHnC2H5OH+nH2O
=95/46(95/46)+(5/18)
=2.0652.065+0.2778=0.881

Topic: Chemistry, Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry, NEET
Red colour of ruby is caused by the presence of:

Options:
A Al3+in CrO2
B Cr3+in AlO2
C Fe3+in AlO2
D Fe3+in CrO2

The correct answer is:
Cr3+in AlO2

Solution:
Correct Option is : 2
Cr3+in AlO2

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, NEET
Red hot carbon will remove oxygen from the oxides XO and YO not from ZO. Y will remove oxygen from XO. Use this evidence to deduce the order of activity of the three metals X, Y and Z putting the most reactive first

Options:
A X, Y, Z
B Z, Y, X
C Y, X, Z
D Z, X, Y

The correct answer is:
Z, Y, X

Solution:
Carbon does not reduce ZO and thus, is more reactive. Also Y removes oxygen from XO and thus, Y is more active than X. Thus, activity order is Z, Y, X.

Topic: Chemistry, Electrochemistry, NEET
Red oceanic tides can be due to:

Options:
A Gracilaria
B Gonyaulax
C Porphyra
D Nostoc

The correct answer is:
Gonyaulax

Solution:
Red tides of oceans are due to excessive growth of dinoflagellates like Gymnodinium and Gonyaulax.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Red tide is caused by an organism which closely resembles which of these structures?

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
Red tide is the appearance of the sea when the red dinoflagellates (example: Gonyaulax ) undergo rapid multiplication. Depending on the pigments present in their cells they derive the colour, red, blue, brown, green or yellow and among these the red dinoflagellates very often, multiply rapidly and become so numerous that they discolor the coastal waters, hence the name red tides. These organisms also deplete the oxygen in waters and release toxins which may cause illness in other aquatic animals and humans. The first option is dinoflagellate. The second one is Euglena, third one is Amoeba and the fourth one is Paramoecium.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Red tide is caused due to

Options:
A Trichodesmium
B Gonyaulax
C Chlamydomonas
D Desmid

The correct answer is:
Gonyaulax

Solution:
In favourable conditions, Gonyaulax undergoes rapid multiplication making the sea appear red; this is known as red tide. Toxin released by such large number of cells may kill other marine animals such as fishes.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Reducing sugars are simple carbohydrates having

Options:
A free aldose group
B free ketose group
C free aldose or free ketose group
D no free aldose/ketose group.

The correct answer is:
free aldose or free ketose group

Solution:
Sugars can be reducing or nonreducing. Reducing sugars are those sugars that have free aldose or ketose group. Thus all monosaccharides are reducing sugars. Disaccharides like maltose and lactose are also reducing sugars. However sucrose is non reducing sugar. The glycosidic bond in sucrose is 1,2-glycosidic bond which means the bond is formed between the first carbon of glucose and second carbon of fructose. These carbons contain the functional groups too. Thus sucrose does not show any free functional group and hence it is a reducing sugar. Reducing sugars can be identified by Fehling's or Benedict's test.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Reducing sugars are

Options:
A Glucose, fructose, maltose, galactose and lactose
B Glucose, sucrose and cellulose
C Lactose, starch, glycogen and trehalose
D All of the above

The correct answer is:
Glucose, fructose, maltose, galactose and lactose

Solution:
Reducing sugar is the one that has a free aldehyde or a free ketone group. All monosaccharides are reducing sugars. Glucose, fructose, maltose, galactose and lactose are monosaccharides that are reducing in nature. Cellulose, starch, glycogen and trehalose are also reducing polysaccharides.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Reduction in pH of blood will:

Options:
A Reduce the rate of heart beat
B Reduce the blood supply to the brain
C Decrease the affinity of haemoglobin with oxygen
D Release bicarbonate ions by the liver

The correct answer is:
Decrease the affinity of haemoglobin with oxygen

Solution:
A rise in the pCO2 or fall in pH(High H+ ion concentration) decreases oxygen affinity of haemoglobin, raising the P50 value. This is called Bohr effect.

Decrease in pH increases acidity of the blood that results in dissociation of oxygen and Hb which occurs in the body tissues.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 1)
Reduction in vascular tíssue, mechanical tissue and cuticle is characteristic of

Options:
A xerophytes
B mesophytes
C epiphytes
D hydrophytes

The correct answer is:
hydrophytes

Solution:
In hydrophytes, vascular tissue and mechanical tissue are reduced. Cuticle is either completely absent or if present, it is thin and poorly developed.
In xerophytes, cuticle is heavy, well-developed. Vascular tissue and mechanical tissue are well-developed and differentiated.
In mesophytes, cuticle in aerial part is moderately developed. Vascular and mechanical tissues are fairly developed and well differentiated.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Reduction of aldehydes and ketones into hydrocarbons using zinc amalgam and conc. $\mathrm{HCl}$ is called:

Options:
A Cope reduction
B Dow reduction
C Wolf-Kishner reduction
D Clemmensen reduction

The correct answer is:
Clemmensen reduction

Solution:
Related Theory
In the Clemmensen reduction, underlying substance must not react to the acidic conditions. The acid sensitive base substance reacts in the Wolff-Kishner reduction that has a strong base. The reaction is not for the substances that are sensitive to acids.
Caution
The Clemmensen reduction involves the conversion of ketone or aldehydes into alkanes whereas the Wolff Kishner reduction involves the conversion of carbonyl groups into methylene groups

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET, NEET 2007
Reduction of NAD does not occur in which of the following?

Options:
A Isocitric acid â Î±-ketoglutaric acid
B Malic acid â Oxaloacetic acid
C Pyruvic acid â Acetyl coenzyme
D Succinic acid â Fumaric acid

The correct answer is:
Succinic acid â Fumaric acid

Solution:
During the step of Krebs' cycle, where succinic acid undergoes oxidation or dehydrogenation to form Fumaric acid, FAD is reduced to FADH2 and enzyme involved in this step is succinic acid dehydrogenase.
Conversion of isocitric acid to Î±-ketoglutaric acid, malic acid to oxaloacetic acid and pyruvic acid to acetyl Co-A, all involve the reduction of NAD to NADH + H+.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
Reena gave birth to a mentally retarded child who also had stunted growth. The doctor informed that the child's condition was because of some endocrine problem in the mother during pregnancy. Which of the following is most likely to be the cause?

Options:
A Low GH from Pituitary gland
B Excessive Glucocorticoids from adrenal glands
C Low secretion of parathyroid hormone
D Low secretion of thyroid hormones from thyroid gland

The correct answer is:
Low secretion of thyroid hormones from thyroid gland

Solution:
Hypothyroidism that is low thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy causes defective development and maturation of the growing baby leading to stunted growth (cretinism), mental retardation, low intelligence quotient, abnormal skin, deaf-mutism.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Refer the following diagram and identify the labelled parts of kidney as indicated.

Options:
A A B C D E cortex nephron renal pelvis medulla ureter
B A B C D E cortex medulla nephron renal pelvis ureter
C A B C D E nephron cortex medulla ureter renal pelvis
D A B C D E nephron cortex medulla renal pelvis ureter

The correct answer is:
A B C D E nephron cortex medulla renal pelvis ureter

Solution:
A - Nephron: Also called as uriniferous tubules, they are the structural and functional unit of kidneys. They are embedded in connective tissue.
B - Cortex: Granular, outer dark part of the internal kidney.
C - Medulla: Striated, inner, pale part of the internal kidney. It has 8-18 conical renal pyramids with broader bases towards the outer side and pointed papillae like towards the pelvic side.
D - Renal pelvis: Funnel-shaped cavity of the kidney, which receives urine before passing to the ureter.
E - Ureter: A muscular duct or tube, for passing the urine from the kidney.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET
Refer the given reaction. What does it depict?

Options:
A Oxidative amination
B Reductive amination
C Transamination
D Deamination

The correct answer is:
Transamination

Solution:
In the process of obtaining nitrogen for making proteins, plants get nitrogen either as nitrates or ammonia. Ammonium form is highly toxic for the plant and hence, it is directly used in the amino acid production in two steps.
First one is called the reactive amination, where the ammonia reacts with -ketoglutaric acid to form glutamate. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase. Next part is the transamination where the amino group of amino acid is transferred to keto group of keto acid. Transaminase catalyses this process. In the given figure, transamination process is shown

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET
Refer to the characteristics given below and identify how many are true for a skeletal muscle?

Uninucleated, branched, dark and light band, actin and myosin filaments, spindle-shaped cells

Options:
A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5

The correct answer is:
2

Solution:
Skeletal muscles are also called striated or voluntary muscles. Striated muscles are attached to bones by tendons. They have long, thin, multinucleated fibres having alternate light and dark band (striations). They contain myofibrils which contain contractile proteins thin actin and thick myosin. Smooth muscle cells are uninucleate, spindle shape and don't have any striations. Cardiac muscle cells are uninucleate, show faint striations and are branched cells

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Refer to the diagram given below and identify A and B.

Options:
A A - posterior aorta, B - haemocoel
B A - anterior aorta, B - ostia
C A - anterior aorta, B - alary muscles
D A - posterior aorta, B - sinuses

The correct answer is:
A - anterior aorta, B - alary muscles

Solution:
Blood vessels are poorly developed and open into space (haemocoel). Visceral organs located in the haemocoel are bathed in blood (haemolymph). The haemolymph is composed of colourless plasma and haemocytes. Heart of cockroach consists of elongated muscular tube lying along mid dorsal line of thorax and abdomen. It is differentiated into funnel shaped chambers with ostia on either side. Blood from sinuses enter heart through ostia and is pumped anteriorly to sinuses again.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Refer to the events given below and arrange them in the CORRECT chronological order.

A Invertebrates formed and active

B First cellular forms of life

C Existence of seaweeds and few plants

D Appearance of reptiles on earth

E Appearance of shrew-like mammals.

Options:
A B → A → C → D → E
B B → C → A → D → E
C B → A → D → C → E
D B → A → C → E → D

The correct answer is:
B → A → C → D → E

Solution:
On the basis of Palaentological evidences the Geological time scale is prepared. This table is divided into many Era's which is further divided into periods and epochs. The eras since beginning are Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Proterozoic is the earliest era that includes the first cellular forms of life. In Paleozoic the first invertebrates are placed and in middle era few plants development is seen. Mesozoic is the era of reptiles whie birds and mammals are seen in Cenozoic era.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Refer to the figure given below and identify the correct taxonomic group to which the organism belongs:

Options:
A Ceboidea
B Cercopithecoidea
C Hominoidea
D Prosimii

The correct answer is:
Prosimii

Solution:
The order primata of class Mammalia includes Prosimians (Lemurs, tarsiers and related forms) and
Anthropoids (Monkeys, apes, and Human). This given diagram is of the tarsier. They are the ancestors of humans. They are now found only in Southeast Asia in countries such as the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, etc. They have large eyes placed forwards. They are called tarsiers as their tarsal bones in their ankle is enlarged. Most of the digits have nails, but the second and third toes of the hind feet bear claws. They are arboreal living on trees.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Refer to the figures of skull given below and identify the one which has evolved recently.

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
The current humans belong to the same species Homo sapiens that evolved from apes approx. 200,000 years ago. Paleontological evidences show that major changes in human evolution were reference to skull, dentition, vertebral column, pectoral and pelvic girdle, and forelimbs. The essential features in human evolution include increase in brain, bipedalism, use of tools and fire.
The Homo sapiens, the modern human, have the cranial capacity of approx. 1400cc.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Refer to the following statements for agarose-gel electrophoresis :
(a) Agarose is a natural polymer obtained from sea-weed.
(b) The separation of DNA molecules in agarosegel electrophoresis depends on the size of DNA.
(c) The DNA migrates from negatively-charged electrode to the positively-charged electrode
(d) The DNA migrates from positively-charged electrode to the negatively-charged electrode.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Options:
A (a) and (b) only
B (a), (b) and (c) only
C (a), (b) and (d) only
D (b), (c) and (d) only

The correct answer is:
(a), (b) and (c) only

Solution:
Agarose gel electrophoresis is the process of separation of DNA fragments based on their size. As DNA is - vely charged, it moves from negative charged electrode to tve charged electrode inside the Gel Agarose gel shows sieving effect.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 2)
Refer to the given figure and consider the following statements regarding it.

I. A is present at the 5' end of the template strand.

II. B is antisense strand having 3' → 5' polarity

III. C may have AT rich region or palindromic sequences

IV. D acts as a non-template strand

Select the option with the incorrect pair of statements.

Options:
A I and IV
B II and III
C I and III
D III and IV

The correct answer is:
I and III

Solution:
Transcription is the process of synthesizing mRNA from DNA sequence. The region of DNA that undergoes transcription is flanked is given the term transcription which includes a promoter region, terminator region and the structural gene.
The sequence of DNA undergoing transcription is the structural gene section which is used as template to make the copy of mRNA. This process is catalysed by DNA dependent RNA polymerase that catalyzes the reaction in 5’→3’ direction only. Thus, the template sequence is in opposite polarity (3' → 5') as mRNA is complementary to it. The non-template strand of DNA is generally called as sense strand as it follows the same sequence as that of mRNA. Hence, template strand is also called anti-sense strand.
The structural gene sequence is flanked by two sequential region -
Promotor region found on the 3' end of template strand and helps in binding of RNA polymerase thus promoting transcription.
Terminator region is found on the opposite end of promoter on the 5' end of the template strand and it regulates the end of the transcription process. This region is composed of a palindromic sequence that forms a stem-loop that is rich in G-C base pairs followed by several T bases.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Refer to the given figure of the female reproductive system and choose the correct option.

Options:
A A - Oviduct, B - Uterus, C - Outduct, D - Ovary
B A - Cervix, B - Uterus, C - Ovary, D - Tumor
C A - Uterus, B - Uterine cavity, C - Oviductal funnel, D - Ovary
D A - Cervix, B - Uterine cavity, C - Fallopian tube, D - Ovary

The correct answer is:
A - Cervix, B - Uterine cavity, C - Fallopian tube, D - Ovary

Solution:
A - Cervix, B - Uterine cavity or uterus, C - Fallopian tube or uterine tube or oviduct, D - Ovary.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
_________ refers to the increase in the concentration of toxicant like mercury at a successive level.

Options:
A Productivity
B Biomagnification
C Decomposition
D Eutrophication

The correct answer is:
Biomagnification

Solution:
Biomagnification of the location at the different trophic level because they cannot be metabolised or excreted. Due to biomagnification birds accumulate upto 25 ppm DDT in their body.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
Reflex action is controlled by:

Options:
A Sympathetic nervous system
B Autonomous nervous system
C Spinal cord
D Peripheral nervous system

The correct answer is:
Autonomous nervous system

Solution:
Reflex action is the involuntary functioning or movement of any organ or part of the body to a stimulus.
The reflex action is an automatic motor response to a sensory stimulus without brain being immediately involved.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Reflex actions are given by neuronal pathways called reflex arcs, which comprise different components. What should be the correct sequence of its components in withdrawal reflex after touching the hot things suddenly to withdraw the finger?

Options:
A Afferent neuron → Efferent neuron → Interneuron → Receptor → Effector
B Effector → Afferent neuron → Efferent neuron → Interneuron → Receptor
C Receptor → Afferent neuron → Efferent neuron → Effector
D Receptor → Afferent neuron → Interneuron → Efferent neuron → Effector

The correct answer is:
Receptor → Afferent neuron → Interneuron → Efferent neuron → Effector

Solution:
Reflex arc comprises five components that are arranged in a sequence so that it receives sensory information such as extreme heat from a sense organ to CNS and gives a motor command to muscles or glands.
Receptor → Afferent neuron → Interneuron → Efferent neuron → Effector

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Refractive index of a solid is observed to have the same value along all directions. Comment on the nature of this solid. Would it show cleavage property?

Options:
A The solid is amorphous and it would show cleavage property.
B The solid is crystalline and it would not show cleavage property.
C The solid is amorphous and it would not show cleavage property.
D The solid is crystalline and it would show cleavage property.

The correct answer is:
The solid is crystalline and it would show cleavage property.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (D)
The solid is crystalline and it would show cleavage property.

Topic: Chemistry, Solid State, NEET
Refractive index of glass with respect to the medium is 43. If the difference between velocities of light in medium and glass is 6.25 Ã 107 m s-1, then the velocity of light in medium is

Options:
A 2.5Ã108 m s-1
B 0.125Ã108 m s-1
C 1.5Ã108 m s-1
D 3Ã108 m s-1

The correct answer is:
2.5Ã108 m s-1

Solution:
So, velocity of light in glass
Vg=VmÎ¼
Vm-Vg=Vm-VmÎ¼
â´ 6.25Ã107=Vm1-143
Vm=6.25 Ã107Ã4
=2.5Ã108 m s-1

Topic: Physics, Ray Optics, NEET
Regarding catalytic cycle of an enzyme action, select the correct sequential steps :
A. Substrate enzyme complex formation.
B. Free enzyme ready to bind with another substrate.
C. Release of products.
D. Chemical bonds of the substrate broken.
E. Substrate binding to active site.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Options:
A $A, E, B, D, C$
B $B, A, C, D, E$
C $E, D, C, B, A$
D $E, A, D, C, B$

The correct answer is:
$E, A, D, C, B$

Solution:
The correct answer is option (4) which is E, A, D, C, B.
The catalytic cycle of an enzyme action can be described in the following steps.
(1) The binding of the substrate induces the enzyme to alter its shape, fitting more tightly around the substrate.
(2) The active site of the enzyme, now in close proximity of the substrate breaks the chemical bonds of the substrate and the new enzyme-product complex is formed.
(3) The enzyme releases the products of the reaction and the free enzyme is ready to bind to another molecule of the substrate and run through the catalytic cycle once again.
(4) First, the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme, fitting into the active site.
Options (1), (2) and (3) are incorrect as the steps mentioned are in the wrong sequence.

Topic: Biology, Biomolecules (B), NEET, NEET 2024
Regarding cross-linked or network polymers, which of the following statement is incorrect?

Options:
A Examples are bakelite and melamine.
B They are formed from bi- and tri-functional monomers.
C They contain covalent bonds between various linear polymer chains.
D They contain weak covalents bonds in their polymer chains.

The correct answer is:
They contain weak covalents bonds in their polymer chains.

Solution:
Cross linked or network polymers are formed from bifunctional and tri-functional monomers and contain strong covalent bonds between various linear polymer chains, e.g. bakelite, melamine etc, Option D is not related to crosslinking, hence incorrect.

Topic: Chemistry, Polymers, NEET
Regarding cross-linked or network polymers, which of the following statements is incorrect?

Options:
A Examples are bakelite and melamine.
B They are formed from bi-and tri-functional monomers.
C They contain covalent bonds between various linear polymer chains.
D They contain strong covalent bonds in their polymer chains.

The correct answer is:
They contain strong covalent bonds in their polymer chains.

Solution:
Cross-linked or network polymers are usually formed from bi-functional and tri-functional monomers and contains strong covalent bond between various linear polymer chains like Melamine, Bakelite etc.

Topic: Chemistry, Polymers, NEET, NEET 2018