datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A Humans possess 1 million nephrons
B Glomerulus is not the part of nephron
C Kidneys collectively filter one fifth of the total blood of body in a minute.
D Collecting ducts are found in medulla only

The correct answer is:
Kidneys collectively filter one fifth of the total blood of body in a minute.

Solution:
About 1100 - 1200 ml of blood (1/5 th of cardiac output) is filtered at the level of the glomerulus of both kidneys per minute. Humans possess 1 million nephrons per kidney. The glomerulus and renal tubules are the parts of nephrons. Collecting ducts start from the cortex and extend into the medulla.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET
Select the correct statement

Options:
A Antagonists are the substances which inhibit the natural function of receptor site
B Agonists are the drugs that mimic the natural messenger by switching on the receptor
C Substrates may bind to active site of enzyme through the variety of interactions such as ionic bonding, H-bonding, Van dar Waal's interaction or dipole-dipole interaction
D All of these

The correct answer is:
All of these

Solution:
There are a large number of different receptors in the body that interact with different chemical messengers. These receptors show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other because their binding sites have different shape, structure and amino acid composition.
Drugs that bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function are called antagonists. These are useful when blocking of message is required. There are other types of drugs that mimic the natural messenger by switching on the receptor, these are called agonists.
These are useful when there is lack of natural chemical messenger.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A The contraction of internal intercostal muscles lifts up the ribs
B The RBCs transport oxygen only
C The thoracic cavity is anatomically an air tight chamber
D Healthy man can inspire approximately 5000 mL of air per minute

The correct answer is:
The thoracic cavity is anatomically an air tight chamber

Solution:
Any change in the volume of the thoracic cavity would be reflected in the lung cavity. This is possible because of the typical anatomical setup of lungs in thorax.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A Population of India has crossed 1 million in May 2000.
B Cervical caps and vaults both are barrier methods of contraception.
C 'Saheli' is once a month pill.
D Government of India has legalized MTP act in 1981

The correct answer is:
Cervical caps and vaults both are barrier methods of contraception.

Solution:
Barrier methods of contraception:
These methods prevent the ovum and sperms from physically meeting. Such methods are available for both males and females.
Examples :
A. Condoms: These are made up of thin rubber/latex sheath that covers the penis in the male or vagina and cervix in the female, just before coitus so that the semen may not be ejaculated into the female reproductive tract.
'Nirodh': Popular brand of condom for the male.
B. Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults: These are made of rubber that is inserted into the female reproductive tract to cover the cervix during coitus. Spermicidal creams, jellies and foams can also be used with barrier methods to increase their efficiency.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
Select the correct statement

Options:
A 2-3% alcohol-iodine mixture is known as tincture of iodine
B Iodoform solution is antiseptic for wounds
C Boric acid solution is antiseptic for eyes
D All of these

The correct answer is:
All of these

Solution:
Here all statements are correct as 2-3% alcohol-water mixture is known as tincture of iodine, Iodoform solution is antiseptic for wounds and boric acid solution is antiseptic for eyes.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A Virus free plant can be obtained by meristem culture.
B In micropropagation organisms of different genotypes are produced.
C Plant cell without cell membrane is known as protoplasm.
D Pomato has all the desired combinations of characteristics for its commercial utilization.

The correct answer is:
Virus free plant can be obtained by meristem culture.

Solution:
Although a plant is infected with a virus, the meristem (apical and axillary) is free of virus. Hence one can remove the meristem and grow it in vitro to obtain virus free plant. In micropropagation genetically identical plants are produced known as somaclones. Plant cell without cell wall is known as protoplasm. Pomato is a somatic hybrid between potato and tomato and does not have all the desired combination of characters for its commercial utilization.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A Pusa Sawani variety of Okra is resistant to shoot and fruit borer.
B Bollworms do not prefer the rough leaved cotton varieties.
C Development of resistance in mungbean to yellow mosaic virus was induced by mutation.
D Both A and C

The correct answer is:
Both A and C

Solution:
Bollworms do not prefer the smooth leaved and nectarless cotton varieties.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
Select the CORRECT statement.

Options:
A Carbon cycle is imperfect cycle while phosphorus cycle is perfect cycle.
B Ten percent law was proposed by Odum in 1942.
C Grazing food chain helps in releasing inorganic nutrients to the cycling pool.
D Seral community is a transitional community which develops in an area during succession.

The correct answer is:
Seral community is a transitional community which develops in an area during succession.

Solution:
The process of the changes occurring in the structure of various organisms in an ecosystem over a period of time is referred to as ecological succession. During ecological succession, one of the intermediate stages that develops is called the seral community. It gets replaced by a successive community during the succession process.
The phosphorus cycle is considered as an imperfect cycle as the phosphorus that originates from a source does not go back to it. Lindemann proposed the Ten Percent Law for energy transfer in an ecosystem. Detritus food chain starts with dead organic matter where the organic matter is decomposed to its inorganic content and made available for the producers in the ecosystem.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A Neural co-ordination is slow and long lived.
B Hypothalamus forms the basal part of diencephalon.
C GH is released by hypothalamus.
D Pars distalis is the part of neurohypophysis in pituitary gland.

The correct answer is:
Hypothalamus forms the basal part of diencephalon.

Solution:
Hypothalamus lies at the base of the thalamus.
Functions of hypothalamus :
1. It is centre for body temperature, urge for eating and drinking.
2. It possess several groups of neurosecretory cells which secrete hormones called hypothalamic hormones.
3. Hypothalamus and inner parts of cerebral hemispheres alongwith a group of associated deep structures like amygdala, hippocampus, etc form a complex structure - limbic lobe or limbic system. Limbic system is involved in the regulation of sexual behaviour, expression of emotional reactions (e.g. pleasure, rage excitement and fear) and motivation.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show higher recombinations
B Genes far apart on the same chromosome show very few recombinations
C Genes loosely linked on the same chromosome show similar recombinations as the tightly linked ones
D Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show very few recombinations

The correct answer is:
Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show very few recombinations

Solution:
Morgan and his group found that when genes were grouped on the same chromosome, some genes were very tightly linked (showed very low recombination), while others were loosely linked (showed higher recombination).

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A Gymnosperms are both homosporous and heterosporous
B Marsilea, Ginkgo, and Pinus all are gymnosperms
C The leaves of gymnosperms are not well adapted to extremes of climate
D Sequoia is the tallest gymnosperm and is known as the father of the forest.

The correct answer is:
Sequoia is the tallest gymnosperm and is known as the father of the forest.

Solution:
All gymnosperms are heterosporous. Marsilea is Pteridophyta but Ginkgo and Pinus are gymnosperms. Leaves of gymnosperms are well adapted to extremes of climate; they show xeric adaption and they survive for a few years.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A Sweet potato and potato are modified for storage.
B Eyes of octopus and mammals are examples of homologous organs.
C Resistance in microbes against certain antibiotics is an example of adaptive radiation.
D The inheritance of acquired characters and natural selection are the two key concepts of Darwinian theory of evolution

The correct answer is:
Sweet potato and potato are modified for storage.

Solution:
Eyes of octopus and mammals are examples of analogous organs. Resistance in microbes are an example of evolution due to anthropogenic action. Branching descent and natural selection are the two key concepts of Darwinian theory of evolution

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Select the correct statement

Options:
A Longmuir adsorption is highly specific
B Van der Waals adsorption is reversible
C Both A and B are exothermic
D All are correct

The correct answer is:
All are correct

Solution:
Longmuir adsorption is highly specific and Van der Waals adsorption is reversible also.
Both these are exothermic also.

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, NEET
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A Pineal gland secretes melatonin
B Vasopressin is secreted by kidneys
C Endocrine system of invertebrates is very complex
D T3 is secreted from follicular cells of parathyroid glands.

The correct answer is:
Pineal gland secretes melatonin

Solution:
Vasopressin (ADH) is secreted by the hypothalamus.
The endocrine system of invertebrates is simple. T3 is secreted from follicular cells of thyroid glands.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A The algal cell wall is made up of cellulose, algin, pectin and polysulphate esters.
B Most of the gymnosperms are homosporous.
C Most of the pteridophytes are heterosporous, and some are homosporous.
D Water is not required for fertilisation in seed plants like Selaginella and Salvinia.

The correct answer is:
The algal cell wall is made up of cellulose, algin, pectin and polysulphate esters.

Solution:
In Chlorophyceae, the cell wall is made up of cellulose. In Rhodophyceae, the cell wall is made up of cellulose, pectin and polysulphate esters. In Phaeophyceae, the cell wall is made up of cellulose and algin. Gymnosperms are heterosporous, and most of the Pteridophytes are homosporous, and some are heterosporous like Selaginella and Salvinia. Both these plants produce two kinds of spores, macro (large) and micro (small) spores showing a tendency towards seed formation.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Select the correct statement:

Options:
A The first movements of foetus and appearence of hairs on the head are usually observed during sixth month of pregnancy.
B The mammary glands of the female undergo differentiation before puberty and start producing milk at the end of pregnancy.
C Trophoblast cells contain specialised stem cells which have the potency to give rise all the tissue and organs.
D After implantation, finger-like projection appears on the trophoblast which is surrounded by uterine tissue and maternal blood.

The correct answer is:
After implantation, finger-like projection appears on the trophoblast which is surrounded by uterine tissue and maternal blood.

Solution:
The first movements of the fetus and the appearance of hairs on the head are usually observed during the fifth month of pregnancy.
The mammary glands of the female undergo differentiation during pregnancy and start producing milk towards the end of pregnancy.
Trophoblast cells provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into the placenta. They are formed during the first stage of pregnancy and become the first cells to differentiate into extraembryonic structures that do not directly contribute to the formation of the embryo.
After implantation, a finger-like projection called microvilli appear on the trophoblast which is surrounded by uterine tissue and maternal blood and is required for the supply of nutrients.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A The filaments of the anther in pea plant fuse together to form a single bundle. This is called a monadelphous condition.
B Generally, dicot seeds are endospermic, but some like castor are non-endospermic
C When a flower can be divided into two similar halves only in one particular vertical plane, it is actinomorphic
D In mango and coconut fruit develops from a monocarpellary superior ovary

The correct answer is:
In mango and coconut fruit develops from a monocarpellary superior ovary

Solution:
The filaments of the anther in a pea plant fuse together to form two bundles one having 9 and one bundles having a single anther. This is called a diadelphous condition. Generally, dicot seeds are non-endospermic, but some like castor are endospermic. When a flower can be divided into two similar halves only in one particular vertical plane, it is zygomorphic.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A Neural co-ordination is fast and long lived.
B Hypothalamus forms the basal part of diencephalon.
C GH-RH is released by pituitary gland.
D Pars distalis is the part of neurohypophysis in pituitary gland.

The correct answer is:
Hypothalamus forms the basal part of diencephalon.

Solution:
Neural coordination is fast but short-lived. The pars distalis (or anterior pituitary gland) occupies the major portion (70%) of the adenohypophysis. GH-RH is released by Hypothalamus.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Select the correct statement -

Options:
A Miller experiment is related to organic evolution.
B Placental mammals in Australia are result of adaptive radiation.
C Mutations are directional.
D Vertebrate hearts represent Analogous organs.

The correct answer is:
Placental mammals in Australia are result of adaptive radiation.

Solution:
Miller's experiment is related to the origin of life. Miller (1953) made the first successful simulation experiment to assess the validity of the claim for the origin of organic molecules in the primeval Earth condition as according to Urey. Mutations are directionless as explained by Hugo de Vries. Homology explains the formation of vertebrate heart.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A Inter-atrial septum is a thick partition while atrio-ventricular partitions are thin.
B Mitral valve is having 2 fibrous non-muscular cusps.
C Size of heart is equivalent to the size of clenched fist.
D All of the above.

The correct answer is:
Size of heart is equivalent to the size of clenched fist.

Solution:
Inter-atrial septum and atrio-ventricular partitions are thin.
Atrio-ventricular valves:
1. Tricuspid valve or TV (made up of 3 muscular flaps or cusps) - between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
2. Bicuspid valve or Mitral valve or MV (made up of 2 muscular flaps or cusps) - between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A Pelvic inflammatory diseases doesn't occur in STDs.
B MTP was legalised in India is 1951.
C Saheli is an weekly non-steroidal oral contraceptive pill.
D Genital herpes is curable

The correct answer is:
Saheli is an weekly non-steroidal oral contraceptive pill.

Solution:
A Pelvic inflammatory diseases occur in STDs.
B MTP was legalised in India is 1971.
D Genital herpes, AIDS and Hepatitis B are incurable

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
Select the correct statement:

Options:
A Gymnosperms are both homosporous and heterosporous
B Salvinia, Ginkgo and Pinus all are gymnosperms
C Sequoia is one of the tallest trees
D The leaves of gymnosperms are not well adapted to extremes of climate

The correct answer is:
Sequoia is one of the tallest trees

Solution:
Sequoia is one of the tallest tree which is a gymnosperm and it can be 130 - 140 metres tall.

The trees are generally pyramidal, with reddish-brown fibrous bark that is unusually fire resistant. The largest giant sequoia specimen is the General Sherman tree in Sequoia National Park.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 1)
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A Spliceosomes take part in translation.
B Punnett square was developed by a British botanist.
C Franklin Stahl coined the term "linkage".
D Transduction was discovered by S. Altman.

The correct answer is:
Franklin Stahl coined the term "linkage".

Solution:
Punnett Square is a checker-board used to show the result of a cross between two organisms. The checkerboard was devised by a British geneticist, Reginald Punnett (1927). It depicts both genotypes and phenotypes of the progeny.

Genetic linkage is the tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction. The term "linkage" was coined by T.H. Morgan. Franklin Stahl with Matthew Meselson proved the semi-conservative replication of DNA. Spliceosomes are formed during post-transcriptional changes in eukaryotes. It is a complex, formed between 5' end (GU) and 3' end (AG) of the intron to remove it.
Transduction is a method of sexual reproduction in bacteria. It involves the transfer of foreign genes by means of viruses. It was discovered by Zinder and his researcher Lederberg (1952) in Salmonella typhimurium.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET, NEET 2018
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A Expiration occurs due to external intercostal muscles
B Intrapulmonary pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure during inspiration
C Inspiration occurs when atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure
D Expiration is initiated due to contraction of diaphragm

The correct answer is:
Intrapulmonary pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure during inspiration

Solution:
Statement (b) is correct as intrapulmonary pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure during inspiration. Other statements can be corrected as
(a) Inspiration occurs due to external intercoastal muscles.
(c) Inspiration occurs when atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary pressure.
(d) Inspiration is initiated due to contraction of diaphragm.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET, NEET 2019 (Odisha)
Select the correct statement:

Options:
A Atrial Natriuretic Factor increases the blood pressure.
B Angiotensin II is a powerful vasodilator.
C Counter current pattern of blood flow is not observed in vasa recta.
D Reduction in Glomerular Filtration Rate activates JG cells to release renin.

The correct answer is:
Reduction in Glomerular Filtration Rate activates JG cells to release renin.

Solution:
The juxtaglomerular cells (JGC) secretes an enzyme rennin in response to a variety of stimuli such as decreased flow of filtrate and NaCl to macula densa, decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), decreased stretch of JGC, and increased frequency of nerve impulses in the renal sympathetic nerves.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) decreases blood pressure as it is a powerful vasodilator.

Angiotensin II is a powerful vasoconstrictor.

The counter-current mechanism involves the exchange of water and electrolytes between blood flowing in vasa recta and filtrate in Loop of Henle.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET, NEET 2020 (Phase 2)
Select the correct statement.

A Use of incinerators is crucial to the disposal of hospital waste.
B Recycling is the only solution for the treatment of e-waste.
C Fish-eating birds containing 2 ppm DDT become agents of biomagnifications.
D Polyblend is a fine powder of bitumen.

Options:
A A and B only
B B and C only
C C and D only
D A, B and C only

The correct answer is:
A and B only

Solution:
Fish-eating birds containing 25 ppm DDT become agents of biomagnifications. Polyblend is a fine powder of recycled modified plastic, was developed by Ahmed Khan, aged 57 years. It was mixed with bitumen and was used to lay roads.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
Select the correct statement about a cockroach.

Options:
A The sclerites are joined to each other by a thick, hard and non-flexible arthrodial membrane.
B Each thoracic segments bears a pair of flying wings.
C In the cockroach, the fat body, nephrocytes and urecose glands helps in excretion.
D A characteristic mushroom gland is present in the 4-6th abdominal segments.

The correct answer is:
In the cockroach, the fat body, nephrocytes and urecose glands helps in excretion.

Solution:
The sclerites are joined to each other by a thin and flexible arthrodial membrane. Each thoracic segments bears a pair of walking legs. A characteristic mushroom gland is present in the 6-7th abdominal segments.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Select the correct statement about about RNAi process.

Options:
A It involves silencing of a specific mRNA.
B A cellular mechanism that uses the gene's own DNA sequence to turn off mRNA expression.
C It is a type of cellular defense.
D All are correct

The correct answer is:
All are correct

Solution:
RNAi is a double-stranded RNA that interferes with the functioning of mRNA by preventing its transcription and thus is also known mRNA silencing. This double-stranded RNA is synthesized by both strands of DNA thus also known as antisense RNA technology. It involves silencing of a specific mRNA and acts as a cellular mechanism that uses the gene's own DNA sequence to turn off the mRNA expression. It is used as a cell defense mechanism against pathogens.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Select the correct statement about biodiversity.

Options:
A Large scale planting of Bt cotton has no adverse effect on biodiversity.
B Western Ghats have a very high degree of species richness and endemism.
C Conservation of biodiversity is just a fad pursued by the developed countries.
D The desert areas of Rajasthan and Gujarat have a very high level of desert animal species as well as numerous rare animals.

The correct answer is:
Western Ghats have a very high degree of species richness and endemism.

Solution:
The Western Ghats is a biodiversity-rich zone along with endemism. The forests of the Western Ghats are some of the best representatives of non-equatorial tropical evergreen forests in the world. The Western Ghats has evolved into one of the richest centres of endemism owing to their isolation from other moist areas.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Select the correct statement about electrical transmission.

Options:
A It is a slow transmission process.
B Neurotransmitters are involved.
C Close proximity transmission
D All the statements are incorrect

The correct answer is:
Close proximity transmission

Solution:
Electrical transmission is a faster transmission than Chemical transmission which does not require neurotransmitters. Electric current transfers directly from one neuron are in very close proximity.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET