datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Read the following characters.
i. Diadelphous condition
ii. Vexillary aestivation
iii. Non-endospermic seed

The above characters belongs to family

Options:
A Solanaceae
B Fabaceae
C Cruciferae
D Gramineae

The correct answer is:
Fabaceae

Solution:
The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, are a large and economically important family of flowering plants. vaxillary aestivation ( in which one large upper petal folds over and covers the other smaller petals.) and Diadelphous condition (One stamen filament is separate from the fused nine, a condition referred to as diadelphous) is charateristic feature of the family -Fabaceae. Fabaceae seeds are endospermic, most legume seeds are non-endospermic.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the following features given below:

I. Cells are thick at corner due to the deposition of cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin.
II. Cells may contain chloroplast and get assimilated.
III. Intercellular spaces are absent.
IV. Provide mechanical support to growing parts of the plant such as young stem and petiole of the leaf.

These features describe which of the following?

Options:
A Collenchyma
B Parenchyma
C Xylem
D Sclerenchyma

The correct answer is:
Collenchyma

Solution:
Collenchyma is commonly called as living mechanical tissue, which provides mechanical support to growing parts of the plant such as young stem and petiole of leaf. It has unevenly thickened cell wall due to deposition of pectin, hemicelluloses and cellulose at the corners.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the following four statements A - D and select the option with the incorrect statement.

A The first transgenic buffalo, Rosie produced milk which was human alpha-lactalbumin enriched.
B Restriction enzymes are used in isolation of DNA from other macromolecules.
C Downstream processing is one of the steps of rDNA technology.
D Disarmed pathogen vectors are also used in the transfer of rDNA into the host.

Options:
A B and C
B C and D
C A and C
D A and B

The correct answer is:
A and B

Solution:
In 1997, the first transgenic cow, Rosie, produced human protein enriched milk. The milk contained the human alphalactalbumin and was nutritionally a more balanced product for human babies than natural cow milk. Isolation of DNA from other macromolecule is achieved by treating the bacterial cells/plant or animal tissue with enzymes such as lysozyme (bacteria), cellulase (plant cells), chitinase (fungus).

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Read the following four statements A to D:-

A. A typical anther of angiosperm is dithecous.
B. Egg apparatus consists of two antipodals and one egg cell.
C. Cleistogamous flowers are invariably autogamous.
D. If a female parent produces unisexual flowers, there is no need for emasculation.

How many of the above statements are right?

Options:
A Four
B Two
C Three
D One

The correct answer is:
Three

Solution:
The egg apparatus consists of one egg cell and two supportive cells called synergids.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the following four statements (A-D).

1. The characters blend in the heterozygous condition during Mendelian inheritance.
2. Change in a single base pair of DNA does not cause mutation.
3. Cancer cells can show chromosomal aberrations.
4. In insect, sex chromosomes in the male are ZZ and in females are ZW.

How many of the above statement is/are correct?

Options:
A Two
B Three
C Four
D One

The correct answer is:
One

Solution:
In heterozygous condition, the alleles express based on their dominance and recessiveness. The characters do not blend in this condition.
The mutation is caused by any change in the sequence of the DNA. Even if there is a change in a single base pair, it will lead to mutation.
Sex determination in insects is based on genetic constitution. In insects, male are heterozygous having XO and female are homozygous have XX chromosomal pairing.
Cancer occurs when the cells start to multiple indefinitely and uncontrollably. Cancer can occur due to mutation or aberrations in the chromosomes.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Read the following four statements (A-D):

A. The small intestine is the principal organ for the absorption of nutrients.
B. In constipation, the faeces are retained within the rectum as the bowel movements occur irregularly.
C. The gross calorific value of fat is 4.1 Kcal/g.
D. The innermost layer lining the lumen of the alimentary canal is the serosa.

How many of the above statements are wrong?

Options:
A Four
B Three
C

Two

D

One

The correct answer is:

Two

Solution:
Statements 1&2 are correct whereas statements 3&4 are incorrect.
The small intestine is the most important absorbing organ in the GI tract. About 90% of nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine.
Constipation: In constipation, the faeces are retained within the rectum as the bowel movements occur irregularly.
Gross calorific values of fat is 8.8 kcal/gm.
Serosa is the outermost layer and is made up of a thin mesothelium (epithelium of visceral organs) with some connective tissues. The innermost layer lining the lumen of the alimentary canal is the mucosa.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
Read the following four statements and select the option which includes all the correct ones only.

A. Single-cell Spirulina can produce large quantities of food rich in protein, minerals, vitamins, etc.
B. Body weightwise the microorganism Methylophilus methylotrophus may be able to produce several times more proteins than the cows per day.
C. Common button mushrooms are a very rich source of vitamin C .
D. A rice variety has been developed which is very rich in calcium.

Options:
A Statements C and D
B Statements A, C and D
C Statement B, C and D
D Statement A and B

The correct answer is:
Statement A and B

Solution:
Common button mushroom is a rich source of protein and are used as a non-conventional source of protein diet. A rice variety has been developed which is a very rich source of vitamin A and iron.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
Read the following four statements carefully:

I. About 70 ml of blood is pumped out by each ventricle during a cardiac cycle is called the beat volume.

II. The fluid called lymph is almost similar to blood plasma without any exception.

III. Heart failure simply means when the heart stops beating.

IV. Hypotension leads to heart diseases as well as damage to the brain, kidney and other vital organs.

How many from the above is/are correct?

Options:
A Four
B Three
C One
D Two

The correct answer is:
One

Solution:
Stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat.
The fluid called lymph is almost similar to blood plasma except for the protein content and the formed elements.
A cardiac arrest simply means when the heart stops beating. Hypertension or high blood pressure leads to heart diseases as well as damage to brain, kidney and other vital organs.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Read the following four statements:-

i. The innermost wall layer of microsporangium is tapetum.

ii. Tapetum possesses dense cytoplasm and always have a single nucleus.

iii. Microsporangium is surrounded by three wall layers.

iv. The typical angiosperm anther is bilobed and each lobe has single theca.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

Options:
A One
B Two
C Three
D Four

The correct answer is:
Three

Solution:
A is the correct statement (The innermost of these wall layers surrounding the microsporangium is the layer of the tapetum), and B, C, D statements are wrong (tapetum possess dense cytoplasm and generally have more than one nucleus. The microsporangium or pollen sac is surrounded by 3-5 wall layers. A typical angiosperm anther is bilobed with each lobe having two theca (i.e., they are dithecous).

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the following four statements (I-IV)

I. All mammals exclusively respire by using lungs except Balaenoptera.

II. In Aves, the skin is dry without any glands except the sudorific gland at the base of the tail.

III. Chameleon is a camouflaged tree lizard with a prehensile tail.

IV. Amphibia is the only tetrapod vertebrate which has external fertilization with indirect development.

How many statement is/are correct from the above?

Options:
A Four
B One
C Three
D Two

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
All mammals exclusively respire by using lungs without any exception.
Sudorific gland is the another name of sweat gland which is present in mammals but not in aves. Skin is dry without any glands except the oil glands at the base of tail in aves.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Read the following four statements (i-iv)

(i) Every chromosome essentially has a primary constriction or the centromere.

(ii) During different stages of cell division, cells show structured chromosomes in place of the nucleus.

(iii) Nuclear pores are the passages through which movement of RNA and protein takes place in one direction between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

(iv) Chromatin contains DNA, some basic proteins called histone and RNA only.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Options:
A Four
B One
C Two
D Three

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct. Nuclear pores are the passages through which the movement of RNA and proteins takes place in both directions between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Chromatin contains DNA, some basic proteins, histones, some acidic non-histone proteins and RNA.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
Read the following four statements (I-IV):

I. In birds, the skin is dry without any glands except the preen glands which are modified sudorific glands.
II. All mammals exclusively respire by using lungs, except dolphins.
III. Chameleon is a tree lizard with a prehensile tail and independently movable eyes.
IV. Amphibia is the only tetrapod vertebrate which has external fertilisation with no larval stage in their life cycle.

How many statement/s is/are correct from the above?

Options:
A Four
B One
C Three
D Two

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
Statements
All mammals exclusively respire by using lungs without any exception.
Sudorific gland is the another name of sweat gland which is present in mammals but not in aves. Skin is dry without any glands except the oil glands at the base of tail in aves.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Read the following functions performed by plant hormones:

a) regulates dormancy
b) inhibits metabolism
c) stimulates stomatal closure
d) inhibits seed germination

Which of these is involved in ALL of the above functions?

Options:
A Indole acetic acid
B Naphthalene acetic acid
C Indole butyric acid
D Abscisic acid

The correct answer is:
Abscisic acid

Solution:
Abscisic acid (ABA) was discovered for its role in regulating abscission and dormancy. But like other PGRs, it also has other wide ranging effects on plant growth and development. It acts as a general plant growth inhibitor and an inhibitor of plant metabolism. ABA inhibits seed germination. ABA stimulates the closure of stomata in the epidermis and increases the tolerance of plants to various kinds of stresses. Therefore, it is also called the stress hormone. ABA plays an important role in seed development, maturation and dormancy. By inducing dormancy, ABA helps seeds to withstand desiccation and other factors unfavourable for growth.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET
Read the following given examples:

(i) Plant-pollinator mutualism.
(ii) Lichen.
(iii) African catfish during aquaculture.
(iv) Nile perch and Cichlid fish.

Which out of these options CORRECTLY gives the example of 'co-extinction' as a cause of biodiversity loss?

Options:
A (i), (ii)
B (ii), (iii)
C (iii), (iv)
D (i), (iii)

The correct answer is:
(i), (ii)

Solution:
Four major causes of biodiversity loss include - habitat loss and fragmentation, overexploitation, alien species invasion and co extinction. Co-extinction means when a certain species become extinct the plants and animals dependent on it also become extinct. Introduction of African catfish in a river for a purpose of aquaculture and of Nile perch into Lake Victoria is an example of Alien species invasion wherein certain species are introduced intentionally or unintentionally, resulting in the decline or extinction of indigenous species.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Read the following match about phylum and it's one chatacter:

I. Annelida: First-time true coelom (schizocoelom) present in them.

II. Arthropoda: Only metamerically segmented animals with hemocoel.

III. Echinodermata: Have exoskeleton of calcareous ossicles and spines.

IV. Hemichordata: Small worm-like marine animals with true notochord.

How many from the above is/are the correct match?

Options:
A Two
B Three
C Four
D One

The correct answer is:
One

Solution:
Annelida shows the evidence for the first true coelomates. Arthropoda: Metamerically segmented animals with hemocoel. Metameric segmentation is also present in Annelida and some chordates.
Echinodermata: Have endoskeleton of calcareous ossicles and spines.
Hemichordata: Small worm-like marine animals with stomochord which is not a true notochord.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Read the following matches about chordates and it's characteristics.

I. Petromyzon- belongs to Cyclostomata and are endoparasites on some fishes.

II. Scoliodon- a Chondrichthyes in which teeth are modified placoid scales.

III. Hippocampus- a cartilaginous aquarium fish known as a sea horse.

IV. Ichthyophis is a limbless viviparous amphibian with direct development.

Select the incorrect statements?

Options:
A II and III only
B III and IV only
C I and IV only
D I, III and IV

The correct answer is:
I, III and IV

Solution:
Petromyzon- belongs to cyclostomata and are ectoparasites on some fishes. Hippocampus- a bony non-aquarium fish known as sea horse. Ichthyophis is a limbless oviparous amphibian with indirect development. Scoliodon- a chondrichthyes in which teeth are modified placoid scales.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Read the following matches and mark the correct option:

I. Antigen binding site on antibody: contains a variable region of a heavy chain only

II. Humoral Immunity: due to antibodies, secreted by plasma cell

III. Graft rejection: due to cell-mediated immunity response

IV. Colostrum: provide active immunity to infants or newborns.

Options:
A I and III are correct
B II and IV are correct
C II and III are correct
D I and IV are correct

The correct answer is:
II and III are correct

Solution:
The antigen-binding site on antibody contains a variable region of both heavy chain and light chain at the amino-terminal. Humoral Immunity: due to antibodies, secreted by plasma cells. Graft rejection: due to cell-mediated immune response. Colostrum gives passive immunity to the newborn child.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Read the following matches carefully:

(i) Corpus callosum: Connects both right and left cerebellar hemispheres.
(ii) Limbic system: Regulation of sexual behaviour and emotions with the hypothalamus.
(iii) Association areas: Responsible for intersensory associations, memory and communication.
(iv) Medulla oblongata: Controls motivation and urge for eating and drinking.

How many of the above matches is/are incorrect?

Options:
A Three
B Four
C One
D Two

The correct answer is:
One

Solution:
Corpus callosum in forebrain connects both right and left cerebral hemispheres. The association areas are responsible for performing complex functions like intersensory associations, memory and communication. Hunger (urge for eating and drinking), regulation of sexual behaviour and emotions are controlled by the hypothalamus and amygdala of the limbic system. The medulla oblongata regulates several functions of the autonomic nervous system, such as respiration, cardiac function, vasodilation and reflexes like vomiting, coughing, sneezing and swallowing.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Read the following matches regarding the placentation.
i. Argemone-Axile
ii. China rose-Free central
iii. Lemon-Free central
iv. Mustard-Parietal
Which of these is correct?

Options:
A i and ii only
B iii and iv only
C ii only
D iv only

The correct answer is:
iv only

Solution:
Mustard or Brassica family has parietal placentation and also develops a false septum called replum. In Argemone, the parietal placentation is observed with the ovule growing inwardly to form incomplete septa. The Lemon and China rose have the axile placentation.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the following matches regarding the placentation

(i) Primrose - Free central

(ii) Pea - Marginal

(iii) Marigold - Basal

(iv) Poppy - Axile

Which of these are CORRECT?

Options:
A (i), (ii) and (iii)
B (ii), (iii) and (iv)
C (i), (iii) and (iv)
D (ii) and (iii) only

The correct answer is:
(i), (ii) and (iii)

Solution:
Placentation is the arrangement of the ovules in the ovary and their attachment to it. Placentation are of various type in the angiosperms - marginal, axile, central, parietal, basal, and free central. In marginal placentation, ovules are attached to the ridge formed on the ventral suture of the ovary. The Pea plant has this arrangement.
In parietal, the ovules are attached to the inner wall or towards the periphery of the ovary, observed in mustard plant and even argemone and poppy. Sunflower and marigold show basal placentation where the ovules are attached at the base of the ovary. Dianthus and primrose display free-central placentation and in it the ovules are attached at the central axis of the ovary without any septa present like in axile pattern.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the following paragraph about an organism.

These organisms are unicellular eukaryotes. Their body moves along decaying twigs and leaves engulfing organic material. Under suitable conditions, they form an aggregation called plasmodium which may grow and spread over several feet. During unfavorable conditions, the plasmodium differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips

Which of the following organism does it?

Options:
A Protozoa
B Euglenoids
C Fungi
D Slime moulds

The correct answer is:
Slime moulds

Solution:
Slime moulds are saprophytic protists. The body moves along decaying twigs and leaves engulfing organic material. Under suitable conditions, they form an aggregation called plasmodium which may grow and spread over several feet. During unfavourable conditions, the plasmodium differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips. The spores possess true walls. They are extremely resistant and survive for many years, even under adverse conditions. The spores are dispersed by air currents.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Read the following properties about two diseases phenylketonuria and alkaptonuria:

Properties	Phenylketonuria	Alkaptonuria

Type	Autosomal recessive disease	Autosomal recessive disease

Defective gene	p	a

Location of the defective gene	Chromosome 12	Chromosome 3

Enzyme deficient in the defective gene	Phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homogentisic acid oxidase

The function of enzyme in a normal person	Conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine	Conversion of homogentisic acid to maleyl acetoacetic acid

Urine	Phenylketone is excreted in urine giving it a musty odour	Alkapton is excreted in urine giving it black colour when exposed to air

In our body tyrosine is the only precursor for the formation of homogentisic acid.

Rohit has genotype aapp. His urine will

Options:
A contain phenylketone but no alkapton
B contain alkapton but no phenylketone
C contain both phenylketone and alkapton
D not contain either phenylketone or alkapton

The correct answer is:
contain phenylketone but no alkapton

Solution:
The two genes are present on two different chromosomes so they will be independently assorted. Rohit has genotype aapp. It means in his body both phenylalanine hydroxylase as well as homogentisic acid oxidase is not produced. Phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme converts phenylalanine to tyrosine. So in Rohit's body tyrosine will not be formed. Phenylalanine will accumulate in his body and will produce phenylketone. Since tyrosine is not formed in the body of a person suffering from phenylketonuria, homogentisic acid will not be formed and there won't be any symptoms of alkaptonuria.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Read the following properties. Which of these are seen in mango as well as coconut?

I. The fruit is called a drupe.
II. The fruit is developed from superior ovaries.
III. The fruit is one-seeded.
IV. The middle layer of the fruit wall is edible.

Options:
A I, II and III
B I and IV
C I, II, III and IV
D II and III

The correct answer is:
I, II and III

Solution:
In mango and coconut, the fruit is known as a drupe. They develop from monocarpellary superior ovaries and are one-seeded. In mango, the pericarp is well-differentiated into an outer thin epicarp, a middle fleshy edible mesocarp and an inner stony hard endocarp. In coconut, which is also a drupe, the mesocarp is fibrous.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the following sentences:-

(a) In elution, the separated bands of DNA are cut out from agarose gel & extracted from the gel piece.
(b) E coil cloning vector pBR322 have several restriction sites, Ori, antibiotic resistance genes & ROP.
(c) The downstream processing and quality control testing vary from product to product.
(d) Competent bacterial cells cannot take up the plasmid.

Options:
A All are correct
B Only (d) is correct
C Only (d) is incorrect
D All are incorrect

The correct answer is:
Only (d) is incorrect

Solution:
In order to force bacteria to take up the plasmid, the bacterial cells must first be made ‘competent’ to take up DNA. This is done by treating them with a specific concentration of a divalent cation, such as calcium, which increases the efficiency with which DNA enters the bacterium through pores in its cell wall. Recombinant DNA can then be forced into such cells by incubating the cells with recombinant DNA on ice, followed by placing them briefly at 42o C (heat shock) and then putting them back on ice. This enables the bacteria to take up the recombinant DNA.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Read the following sentences and select the correct option with all true statements.

i. During parturition, oxytocin induces intense contractions in the uterus.
ii. After parturition oxytocin stimulates milk ejection.
iii. The labour pain during child-birth is due to oxytocin.
iv. Oxytocin is secreted from placenta and ovary.

Options:
A Statement i, ii, and iv
B Statement i, ii, and iii
C Statement iii, and iv
D Statement i and iii

The correct answer is:
Statement i, ii, and iii

Solution:
A, B, C statements are correct. But statement D is wrong, because Oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamus and is secreted into the bloodstream by the posterior pituitary gland.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET