datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Which one of the following is being utilized as a source of biodiesel in the Indian countryside?

Options:
A beetroot
B sugarcane
C Pongamia
D Euphorbia.

The correct answer is:
Pongamia

Solution:
Pongamia pinnataor pongam, karanja is one of the few nitrogen fixing trees (NFTS) to produceseeds containing $30-40 \%$ oil. It is often planted as an ornamental and shade tree but now-a-days it is considered as alternative source for Bio- Diesel.
Related Theory
Pongamia, jatropa, Euphorbia are petrocrops. However, in the Indian countryside, Pongamia is being utilized as a source of biodiesel.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET, NEET 2007
Which one of the following is categorised as a parasite in true sense?

Options:
A Human foetus developing inside the uterus draws nourishment from the mother
B Head louse living on the human scalp as well as laying eggs on human hair
C The cuckoo (koel) lays its eggs in crow's nest
D The female Anopheles bites and sucks blood from humans

The correct answer is:
Head louse living on the human scalp as well as laying eggs on human hair

Solution:
Human louse (Pediculus) lives among hair and surface of human body feeding on blood. It spreads diseases like typhus.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET, NEET 2011 (Screening)
Which one of the following is categorised as a parasite in true sense?

Options:
A The female Anopheles bites and sucks blood from humans.
B Human foetus developing inside the uterus draws nourishment from the mother.
C Head louse living on the human scalp as well as laying eggs on human hair
D The cuckoo (koel) lays its eggs in crow's nest .

The correct answer is:
Head louse living on the human scalp as well as laying eggs on human hair

Solution:
Parasites that feed on the external surface of the host organism are called ectoparasites. The most familiar examples of this group are the lice on humans and ticks on dogs. Head louse is an obligate ectoparasite that live on the scalp and needs human blood to survive.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Which one of the following is common to multicellular fungi, filamentous algae and protonema of mosses?

Options:
A Diplontic life cycle
B Members of kingdom-Plantae
C Mode of nutrition
D Multiplication by fragmentation

The correct answer is:
Multiplication by fragmentation

Solution:
Multicellular fungi, filamentous algae and protonema of mosses all show multiplication by fragmentation.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET, NEET 2012 (Screening)
Which one of the following is commonly used in transfer of foreign DNA into crop plants?

Options:
A Trichoderma harzianum
B Meloidogyne incognita
C Agrobacterium tumefaciens
D Penicillium expansum

The correct answer is:
Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Solution:
The uptake of foreign DNA or transgenes by plant cells is called transformation. A variety of techniques have been used to introduce transgenes into plant cells, these can be grouped into the following two categories-(i) Agrobacterium-mediated and (ii) direct gene transfers.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation eliminates the need for regeneration from tissue explants.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Which one of the following is considered important in the development of seed habit?

Options:
A Dependent sporophyte
B Heterospory
C Haplontic life cycle
D Free-living gametophyte

The correct answer is:
Heterospory

Solution:
Heterospory is the production of spores of two different sizes and of two different developmental patterns. Heterospory is an expression of sex determining spores of the plant. It is the most important evolutionary development in the vascular plants because it has ultimately lead to seed development, $\mathrm{eg}$, Selaginella, Sabvinia, Azolla, etc.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Which one of the following is correct?

Options:
A Plasma = Blood - Lymphocytes
B Serum = Blood + Fibrinogen
C Lymph = Plasma + RBC + WBC
D Blood = Plasma + RBC + WBC + Platelets

The correct answer is:
Blood = Plasma + RBC + WBC + Platelets

Solution:
Blood is a liquid connective tissue which contains plasma, RBCs, WBCs & Platelet. In animals, it delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 1)
Which one of the following is correct for the mitral valve of the human heart?

Options:
A It guards the opening of right atrium and right ventricle.
B It is associated with deoxygenated blood in the right side of heart.
C It's closure is associated with the first heart sound (LUB).
D It's closure is associated with the second heart sound (DUB).

The correct answer is:
It's closure is associated with the first heart sound (LUB).

Solution:
The opening between left atrium and left ventricle is guarded by a valve formed of two muscular flaps or cusps called bicuspid or mitral valve.
Mitral valve is always associated with oxygenated blood of left side of heart and it's closure is related with first heart sound (LUB)

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Which one of the following is CORRECT for Vallisneria?

1 It grows in freshwater

2 Female flowers or pollen grains reach the surface by a long stalk

3 Male flowers are released on to the surface of the water

4 Pollen grains are carried passively by water currents

Options:
A Only 1
B Only 1 and 2
C Only 1, 2, and 3
D 1, 2, 3, and 4

The correct answer is:
1, 2, 3, and 4

Solution:
Vallisneria is a freshwater aquatic plant that uses water as an agent for pollination. Pollination in Vallisneria is epihydriphilous. It is a type of hydrophily which occurs on the surface of the water. In this type of pollination, the female flowers reach the water surface by a long stalk to receive the pollen grains which float on the water surface.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Which one of the following is correct pairing of a body part and the kind of muscle tissue that moves it?

Options:
A Biceps of upper arm-Smooth muscle fibres
B Abdominal wall-Smooth muscle
C Iris-Involuntary smooth muscle
D Heart wall-Involuntary unstriated muscle

The correct answer is:
Iris-Involuntary smooth muscle

Solution:
Smooth muscles are plain, non-striated, involuntary or unstriped muscles due to absence of striations. These occur in the walls of hollow internal organs, in capsules of lymph glands, spleen etc, in iris and ciliary body of eyes, skin dermis, penis and other accessory genitalia etc.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Which one of the following is correct?

Options:
A Blood = Serum + Formed elements + Clotting factors
B Lymph = Blood plasma + Lymphocytes
C Serum = Blood + Clotting factors
D Plasma = Serum - Clotting factors

The correct answer is:
Blood = Serum + Formed elements + Clotting factors

Solution:
Blood makes up about 8% of the human body weight. It contains erythrocytes, leucocytes, thrombocytes (platelets) and plasma. The volume percentage of all blood cells in the whole blood is about 45% in adults (hematocrit). The rest consists of liquid plasma (e.g., water, plasma proteins, electrolytes, etc.).

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Which one of the following is correctly matched?

Options:
A Onion - Bulb
B Ginger - Sucker
C Chlamydomonas - Conidia
D Yeast - Zoospores

The correct answer is:
Onion - Bulb

Solution:
Onion is a simple tunicated layered bulb while ginger is a straggling rhizome having uniparous cyme branching with sympodial axis.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2012 (Screening)
Which one of the following is correctly matched?

Options:
A Passive transport of nutrients - ATP
B Apoplast - Plasmodesmata
C Potassium - Readily immobilization
D Bakane of rice seedlings - F Skoog

The correct answer is:
Potassium - Readily immobilization

Solution:
Active transport of nutrients require ATP. Symplast is translocation through plasmodesmata. Bakane disease of rice was found by Hori (1918) to be due to Gibberella fujikuroi. None of the options is correct. Option (c) may be correct is statement be read as "Potassium readily mobilization" instead of "potassium readily immobilization.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET, NEET 2012 (Screening)
Which one of the following is correctly matched?

Options:
A Ginger - Sucker
B Chlamydomonas - Conidia
C Yeast - Zoospores
D Onion - Bulb

The correct answer is:
Onion - Bulb

Solution:
Ginger - Rhizomes
Chlamydomonas - asexual reproduction goes through Zoospores, Palmella stage, alpanospores, and hypnospores; sexual reproduction is through isogamy, anisogamy, or oogamy.
Yeast - the most common mode of vegetative growth in yeast is asexual reproduction by budding. Some yeasts, including S. pombe, reproduce by fission instead of budding.
Bulb: It is a highly reduced disc-like stem. Numerous scaly-leaves grow on the upper surface of the stem or around it, while adventitious roots are produced from the base. The inner scale-leaves are fleshy. Fleshy leaves store food and outer scale-leaves help in protection. The stem has a central terminal bud which gives rise to the aerial shoot. Bulbs of onion are covered with dry membranous sheaths called a tunic. They are called tunicated bulbs. E.g. Onion, garlic

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
Which one of the following is employed as a tranquilizer drug ?

Options:
A Promethazine
B Valium
C Naproxen
D Mifepristone

The correct answer is:
Valium

Solution:
Tranquilizer are the chemicals that reduce anxiety and mental tension. Thus, they are sometimes called psychotherapeutic drugs. Equanil, valium and serotonin are some commonly used tranquilizers.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET, NEET 2010 (Screening)
Which one of the following is employed as a tranquilizer drug?

Options:
A Mifepristone
B Promethazine
C Valium
D Naproxen

The correct answer is:
Valium

Solution:
Valium (diazepam) is used as a tranquilizer drug used to treat anxiety disorders.

Mifepristone is used in abortion during pregnancy.
Promethazine is used as antihistamine.
Naproxen is used as anti-inflammatory.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET
Which one of the following is employed as a tranquilizer ?

Options:
A Equanil
B Naproxen
C Tetracycline
D Chlorpheninamine

The correct answer is:
Equanil

Solution:
The drugs which are used to reduce anxiety and for the treatment of mental diseases, are called tranquilizers. These drugs are also known as psychotherapeutic drugs. Luminal seconal and equanil are two commonly used tranquilisers.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Which one of the following is employed as antihistamine?

Options:
A Diphenyl hydramine
B Norethindrone
C Omeprazole
D Chloramphenicol

The correct answer is:
Diphenyl hydramine

Solution:
Diphenyl hydramine (benadryl) is used as an antihistamine.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET, NEET 2011 (Screening)
Which one of the following is expected to exhibit optical isomerism? $(\mathrm{en}=$ ethylenediamine)

Options:
A cis- $\left[\mathrm{Pt}\left(\mathrm{NH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{Cl}_2\right]$
B trans-[ $\left[\mathrm{Pt}\left(\mathrm{NH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{Cl}_2\right]$
C cis- $\left[\mathrm{Co}(e n)_2 \mathrm{Cl}_2\right]^{+}$
D trans-[ $\left[\mathrm{Co}(e n)_2 \mathrm{Cl}_2\right]^{+}$

The correct answer is:
trans-[ $\left[\mathrm{Co}(e n)_2 \mathrm{Cl}_2\right]^{+}$

Solution:
Trans $\left[\mathrm{Co}(e n)_2 \mathrm{Cl}_2\right]^{+}$is able to exhibit the phenomenon of optical isomerism because it can form a superimposable mirror image.
Related Theory
The foremost criteria to exhibit the optical isomerism is that the molecule should be dissymmetric i.e. the molecule should not be superimposed on its mirror image. The dissymmetry results from the presence of a chiral carbon atom.

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, NEET, NEET 2005
Which one of the following is first member of monosaccharides?

Options:
A
B HOCH 2 −CHOH−CHO
C HOCH 2 −CHOH−CHOH−CHO
D

The correct answer is:
HOCH 2 −CHOH−CHO

Solution:
Di or polyhydroxy carbonyl compound is known as carbohydrate. The first member of monosaccharide is ( CH2OH-CHOH-CHO ) because it contains minimum number of carbon atoms.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Which one of the following is heterogeneous polysaccharide?

Options:
A Starch
B Dextrin
C Glycogen
D Gum arabic

The correct answer is:
Gum arabic

Solution:
Gum arabic is a polysaccharide. Its monomer units are arabinose, galactose, rhamnose and gluconic acid.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Which one of the following is heterosporous?

Options:
A Dryopteris
B Salvinia
C Adiantum
D Equisetum

The correct answer is:
Salvinia

Solution:
Heterospory is the production of spores of two different sizes and two different developmental patterns. Small spores are called microspores and larger as megaspore. Microspores germinate to produce the male gametophyte or microgametophyte that bear male sex organs while, megaspores germinate to form female gametophyte or megagametophytes that bear archegonia or female sex organs. It is most important evolutionary development in the vascular plants because it has ultimatelylead to seed development, eg, Selaginetta, Marsetia, Salvinia, Azolla, Isoetes.
Dryopteris is homosporous and 32-64 haploid spores are produced in each sporangium.
Adiantum is also homosporous. The spores are the pioneer structures of the gametophytic generation.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2008 (Screening)
Which one of the following is heterosporous?

Options:
A Dryopteris
B Salvinia
C Adiantum
D Equisetum

The correct answer is:
Salvinia

Solution:
The sporophyte of pteridophyte produces meiospores inside the sporangia. Selaginella and Salvinia (aquatic fern) are heterosporous i.e., with two types of spores, microspores, and megaspores.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Which one of the following is incorrect for chemisorption?

Options:
A Heat of adsorption is negative
B It takes place at high temperature
C It is reversible
D It is highly specific in nature.

The correct answer is:
It is reversible

Solution:
Following are the characteristics of chemical adsorption or chemisorption:

1. The process of adsorption is exothermic, i.e., heat will be released during the adsorption and thus the heat of adsorption is negative.

2. The process is very slow at low temperatures on account of high energy of activation. Like most chemical changes, adsorption often increases with the rise of temperature. Physisorption of a gas adsorbed at low temperature may change into chemisorption at a high temperature.

3. Chemisorption is highly specific and it will only occur if there is some possibility of chemical bonding between adsorbent and adsorbate.

4. As chemisorption involves compound formation, it is usually irreversible in nature.

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, NEET
Which one of the following is incorrect for ideal solution?

Options:
A âHmix=0
B âUmix=0
C ∆P=Pobs-Pcalculated by Raoult′s law=0
D âGmix=0

The correct answer is:
∆Gmix=0

Solution:
ΔH≠0
ΔU≠0
∆Gmix for an ideal solution is negative because it is a spontaneous process.

Topic: Chemistry, Solutions, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 2)
Which one of the following is incorrect in relation to the difference between plant and animal cell?

Options:
A

Character	Animal Cell	Plant Cell
Cell wall	Absent	Present

B

Character	Animal Cell	Plant Cell

Vacuole	Absent or small	Present

C

Character	Animal Cell	Plant Cell

Cell division	Division is anastral	Division is astral

D

Character	Animal Cell	Plant Cell
Reserve food	Glycogen	Starch

The correct answer is:

Character	Animal Cell	Plant Cell

Cell division	Division is anastral	Division is astral

Solution:
Cell division in an animal cell is astral as they have centriole and astral rays develop from them. In plant cell, astral rays are absent thus their division is anastral.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Which one of the following is incorrect statement?

Options:
A The site of actual diffusion of gases between blood and atmospheric air is called exchange part of lungs.
B Inspiration is initiated by the contraction of diaphragm and internal inter-costal muscles.
C A healthy man inspire or expire approximately 6000 to 8000 ml of air per minute.
D About 97 percent oxygen is transported by RBC in the blood.

The correct answer is:
Inspiration is initiated by the contraction of diaphragm and internal inter-costal muscles.

Solution:
Inspiration is initiated by the contraction of diaphragm and external inter-costal muscles. Due to this the diaphragm flattened to increase volume of thoracic chamber anterio-posterior and ribs pulled outward to increase thoracic volume dorso-ventrally.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Which one of the following is incorrectly matched with its characteristic and the taxon?

Animal	Characteristics	Taxon

(I)	Trygon	Poison sting	Chondrichthyes

(II)	Scoliodon	Ampulla of Lorenzini	Chondrichthyes

(III)	Exocoetus	Pectoral fin is large	Osteichthyes

(IV)	Hippocampus	Parental care	Chondrichthyes

Options:
A I
B II
C III
D IV

The correct answer is:
IV

Solution:
Trygon and Scoliodon both belong to the class Chondrichthyes of super class Pisces, Subphylum Vertebrata of Phylum Chordata which possess cartilaginous endoskeleton. Notochord is persistent throughout life in Chondrichthyes and possess a ventrally placed mouth. Skin contains minute placoid scales. Trygon possesses poison sting and is commonly known as sting ray. Scolidion possesses special electro receptors known as Ampulla of Lorenzini. They both are poikilothermous animal with two chambered heart. Exocoetus and Hippocampus also belong to Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Superclass Pisces but class Osteichthyes. Exocoetus also known as flying fish possesses a large pectoral fin and Hippocampus commonly known as Sea horse exhibit a special feature of parental care where the male partner takes care of the eggs until hatching.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Which one of the following is incorrectly matched?

Options:
A Ribozyme - 23s rRNA
B lacA - Permease
C ESTs - Satellite DNA
D Chromosome 1 - 2968 genes

The correct answer is:
lacA - Permease

Solution:
lacA gene of lac operon encodes for enzyme transacetylase, and enzyme permease which increases membrane permeability for lactose is coded by lacY gene.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Which one of the following is linked to the discovery of Bordeaux mixture as a popular fungicide?

Options:
A Bacterial leaf blight of rice
B Downy mildew of grapes
C Loose smut of wheat
D Black rust of wheat

The correct answer is:
Downy mildew of grapes

Solution:
Bordeaux mixture was discovered by Millardet in France in 1882 . It is prepared by dissolving $40 \mathrm{~g}$ of copper sulphate and $40 \mathrm{~g}$ of calcium hydroxide in $5 \mathrm{~L}$ of water. It was first used to control downy mildew disease of grape-vine that is caused by a fungus Ptasmopara viticota. Black rust of wheat is caused by Puccinia graminis tritici. The use of fungicide Dithane Z-78 and Dithane M-45 control the disease even at lower concentration.
Loose smut of wheat is caused by Ustilago trittict. The use of fungicides (systemic fungicide like D-735 and F-461) give quite encouraging result

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET, NEET 2008 (Screening)
Which one of the following is matching set of phylum and its three examples?

Options:
A Porifera - Spongilla, Euplectella, Pennatula
B Cnidaria - Limulus, Physalia, Aurelia
C Platyhelminthes - Planaria, Schistostoma, Enterobius
D Mollusca - Loligo, Teredo, Octopus

The correct answer is:
Mollusca - Loligo, Teredo, Octopus

Solution:
Spongilla and euplectella belongs to the phylum Porifera and pennatula belongs to the class Anthozoa, phylum Coelenterata. Physalia and aurelia belongs to class Hydrozoa and Schopozoa, phylum Coelenterata and limulus belong to the phylum Arthropoda. Planaria and schistosoma belongs to phylum Platyhelmenthis and enterobius is a round worm belonging to phylum Aschelmenthis. Loligo, teredo and octopus belongs to the phylum Mollusca. These are known as Mollusc because of shell like covering present. These are bilaterally symmetrical, have three germ layers band have a body cavity too. The body is not segmented but shows presence of distinct head, muscular foot and visceral hump. A soft mantle is seen over the visceral hump which plays a role in respiration and excretion.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Which one of the following is monoecious?

Options:
A Date palm
B Marachantia
C Cycas
D Pinus

The correct answer is:
Pinus

Solution:
Pinus is heterosporous, monoecious plant, i.e., both male and female cones are present in the same plant but in different branches. Pinus produces micro- and megaspores in micro- and megasporangium, respectively.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Which one of the following is most appropriately defined?

Options:
A Host is an organism which provides food to another organism.
B Amensalism is a relationship in which one species is benefitted whereas the other is unaffected.
C Predator is an organism that catches and kills other organism for food.
D Parasite is an organism which always lives inside the body of other organism and may kill it.

The correct answer is:
Predator is an organism that catches and kills other organism for food.

Solution:
Predation is an interaction between members of two species in which members of one species capture, kill and eat up members of other species. Host is a term which is specifically related to parasitism. Amensalism is an interspecies interaction in which one species is harmed whereas the other one is unaffected. Parasitic organism can live both over the surface of their host or inside their body.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Which one of the following is most reactive for E1 reaction

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
Reaction intermediate is carbocation and reactivity of substrate for E1 reaction is directly proportional to stability of carbocation.
is most reactive here as cyclopropyl methyl carbocation is most stable carbocation.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
Which one of the following is most reactive for hydrolysis?

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
Here the most reactive compounds for hydrolysis is
Thus reactivity depends on the leaving power of R ′ − O −
Leaving power

Topic: Chemistry, Carboxylic Acid Derivatives, NEET
Which one of the following is most reactive towards electrophilic agent?

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
+R effect of -OH group is greater than that of -OCH3 group.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
Which one of the following is most reactive towards electrophilic attack?

Options:
A

B

C

D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
Key Idea: Electron releasing groups stabilise the intermediate cation whereas electron withdrawing groups destabilise it.
The order of electron withdrawing group is :
$$
\mathrm{NO}_2>\mathrm{Cl}>\mathrm{OH}>\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_5
$$
electrophilic substitution because $-\mathrm{OH}$ group least destabilise the carbocation. Further $-\mathrm{OH}$ group is strongly activating group while $-\mathrm{NO}_2$ and $-\mathrm{Cl}$ are deactivating group.

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET, NEET 2008 (Screening)
Which one of the following is most reactive towards electrophilic reagent?

Options:
A

B

C

D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
Due to $+M$ effect of $-\mathrm{OH}$ group and hyperconjugation of $-\mathrm{CH}_3$ group, the benzene of $o$-cresol is highly reactive ring towards electrophilic substitution.

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET, NEET 2011 (Screening)