datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
In the spinal cord, white matter is

Options:
A surrounded by gray matter
B mixed with gray matter
C around the gray matter
D absent

The correct answer is:
around the gray matter

Solution:
Central nervous system consists of White and Grey matter. White matter has myleinated neurons and thus appears white as myelin sheath is white in colour. Grey matter consists of cell bodies of neurons. This is seen in brain and spinal cords but in reverse pattern. In brain the white matter is inside while grey matter forms the cortex. In spinal cord the grey matter is in the centre as H shaped while white matter surrounds it. This is seen in the cross section of spinal cord.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
In the stem of a typical dicot plant, pericycle exists in the form of patches. These patches are formed by

Options:
A Parenchymatous cell
B Collenchymatous cells
C Sclerenchymatous cells
D Both a and c

The correct answer is:
Sclerenchymatous cells

Solution:
Sclerenchymatous patches are present outside the vascular bundle in dicot stem and is called bundle cap. Bundle cap is derived from pericycle. Thus pericycle is present as patches of sclerenchyma as bundle cap.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
In the stomach, gastric acid is secreted by the

Options:
A Gastrin secreting cells
B Parietal cells
C Peptic cells
D Acidic cells

The correct answer is:
Parietal cells

Solution:
Parietal cells are also known as oxyntic are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and in the cardiac of the stomach.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 1)
In the stomach, what does the pepsin enzyme convert proteins into?

Options:
A Ethyl alcohol
B Maltose
C Amino acids
D Peptides

The correct answer is:
Peptides

Solution:
The paragraph specifies that in the stomach, the pepsin enzyme converts proteins into peptides.

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, NEET
In the stratosphere, what happens to chlorine radicals released from CFCs during the winter season?

Options:
A They become inactive.
B They react with oxygen to form ozone.
C They react with nitrogen dioxide.
D They are photolyzed by sunlight.

The correct answer is:
They become inactive.

Solution:
During the winter season in the stratosphere, chlorine radicals released from CFCs become inactive, as they are involved in reactions that do not contribute to ozone depletion.

Topic: Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, NEET
In the stratosphere, which of the following elements acts as a catalyst in degradation of ozone and release of molecular oxygen?

Options:
A Fe
B Cl
C Carbon
D Oxygen

The correct answer is:
Cl

Solution:
In the stratosphere, Cl acts as a catalyst in degradation of ozone and release of molecular oxygen. UV rays act on CFCs to release Cl atoms which speed up the degradation of the ozone. This cycle continues to hamper the ozone layer leading to its depletion.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET, NEET 2018
In the structure of a human neuron, the nodes of Ranvier are present on

Options:
A Spinal and cranial nerves
B Myelinated and medullated neurons
C Autonomic and somatic neural system
D Both A  and  C

The correct answer is:
Both A  and  C

Solution:
Schwann cells formmyel in sheath around axon. The gaps between two adjacent myelin sheath are called nodes of Ranvier. Myelinated or medullatednerve fibres are found in spinal and cranial nerves. Unmyelinated nerve fibresis commonly found in autonomous and the somatic neural system.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
In the structure of ClF3 , the number of lone pair of electrons on central atom ‘Cl’ is

Options:
A Four
B Two
C One
D Three

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
The structure of ClF3 is T-Shape due to lone pair-lone pair electronic repulsion as follows
Hence, the number of lone pair of electrons on central Cl-atom is 2.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET
In the structure of ClF3, the number of lone pairs of electrons on the central atom Cl is

Options:
A four.
B two.
C one.
D three.

The correct answer is:
two.

Solution:
Number of hybrid orbitals

=12V.E + M-C+A

=127+3-0+0=102 = 5

There are three side atoms, so, bond pair =3 and lone pair = 2

ClF3=3 bp+2 lp
2 lone pair at equatorial position.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET, NEET 2018
In the structure of pro-insulin in humans, disulphide bonds exist between

Options:
A between B peptide and C peptide
B between A peptide and B peptide
C between C peptide and A peptide
D between A and C peptide as well as B and C peptide

The correct answer is:
between A peptide and B peptide

Solution:
In mammals, including humans, insulin is synthesized as a pro-hormone, proinsulin. It contains A peptide (21 amino acids), B peptide (30 amino acids) and C peptide (31 amino acids). Disulfide bonds are present between A and B peptides and within A peptide as follows:

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
In the sulhponation of benzene, the active electrophilic species is:

Options:
A SO2
B SO3
C SO42-
D HSO4-

The correct answer is:
SO3

Solution:
In sulphonation SO3 is electrophile species.
2H 2 SO 4 ⇌ H 3 O + + HSO 4 − + SO 3

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET
In the synthesis of ammonia by Haber's process, if 60 moles of ammonia is obtained in one hour, then the rate of disappearance of nitrogen is:

Options:
A 30 mol/min
B 6 mol/min
C 0.5 mol/min
D 60 mol/min

The correct answer is:
0.5 mol/min

Solution:
In Haber's process, ammonia is synthesized as
N2+3H2Fe,Mo,300âHigh Pressureâ 2NH3
Rate of synthesis of ammonia =6060
=1 mol/min
â´ Rate of disappearance of nitrogen, i.e.,
-d[N2]dt=12d[NH3]dt
=0.5 mol/min

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Kinetics, NEET
In the synthesis of phenol from cumene, what is the role of cumene hydroperoxide?

Options:
A It acts as a catalyst
B It provides oxygen for the reaction
C It serves as a solvent
D It prevents side reactions

The correct answer is:
It provides oxygen for the reaction

Solution:
Cumene hydroperoxide is used as an oxygen source in the oxidation step to convert cumene into phenol and acetone.

Topic: Chemistry, Alcohols Phenols and Ethers, NEET
In the system shown in Fig, consisting of two masses of 5 kg and 3 kg suspended with the help of massless inextensible strings, and with the entire system moving upwards with an acceleration of 2 m/s² (where g = 9.8 m/s²), what are the tensions T1and T2in the strings?

Options:
A T1= 94.4 N, T2= 35.4N
B T1= 35.4 N, T2= 94.4 N
C T1= 25.4 N, T2= 104.4 N
D T1= 104.4N, T2= 25.4 N

The correct answer is:
T1= 94.4 N, T2= 35.4N

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
T1= 94.4 N, T2= 35.4N

Topic: Chemistry, Laws of Motion, NEET
In the system shown in the figure, the block is pulled by applying a force of 40 N on the other end of the string. If the kinetic energy of the block increases by 40 J in a given interval of time then work done by tension on the block is g=10 m s-2

Options:
A 40 J
B 80 J
C Zero
D 20 J

The correct answer is:
80 J

Solution:
Work done on block =âKE
W=40 J
Net force on the block is =T-M
Thus W=FnetÃS
40=20ÃSâS=2 m
Work done by tension =TÃScosâ¡0o
â4021=80 J

Topic: Physics, Work Power Energy, NEET
In the taxonomic categories which hierarchial arrangement in ascending order is correct in case of animals?

Options:
A Kingdom, Class, Phylum, Family, Order, Genus, Species
B Kingdom, Order, Class, Phylum, Family, Genus, Species
C Kingdom, Order, Phylum, Class, Family, Genus, Species
D Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

The correct answer is:
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Solution:
Figure: Taxonomic categories showing hierarchical arrangement in ascending order.

In the case of animals, we use the term phylum not division.

Topic: Biology, The Living World, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 1)
In the TCA cycle, FADH2 is formed during

Options:
A Conversion of succinyl Co-A to succinate
B Conversion of citrate to cis-aconitate
C Conversion of succinate to fumarate
D Conversion of fumarate to malate

The correct answer is:
Conversion of succinate to fumarate

Solution:

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
In the TCA cycle, GTP is formed during which of these reactions:

Options:
A Citric acid â alpha-ketoglutaric acid
B Malic acid â oxalo-acetic acid
C alpha-ketoglutaric acid â Succinyl CoÂ A
D Succinyl- Co Aâ Succinic acid

The correct answer is:
Succinyl- Co Aâ Succinic acid

Solution:
In TCA cycle, oxaloacetic acid along with water undergoes condensation to form citric acid in the presence of citrate synthase which is then followed by its isomerization into isocitrate. This further undergoes decarboxylation twice to form alpha-ketoglutaric acid and then succinyl-CoA. Succinyl- CoA is then converted to succinic acid and a molecule of GTP is released. This forms the substrate level of phosphorylation.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
In the thermodynamical process, pressure of a fixed mass of gas is changed in such a manner that the gas releases 20 J of heat and 8 J of work is done on the gas. If internal energy of the gas was 30 J, then the final internal energy will be

Options:
A 42 J
B 18 J
C 12 J
D 60 J

The correct answer is:
18 J

Solution:
As, ∆U=∆Q-∆W
⇒∆U=-20--8=-12 J
⇒∆U=Uf-Ui=-12
∴ Uf=-12+U1=-12+30=18 J

Topic: Physics, Thermodynamics, NEET
In the thermodynamical process, the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is changed in such a manner that the gas releases 20 J of heat and 8 J of work is done on the gas. If the internal energy of the gas was 30 J, then the final internal energy will be

Options:
A 42 J
B 18 J
C 12 J
D 60 J

The correct answer is:
18 J

Solution:
As, âU=âQ-âW
ââU=-20--8=-12 J
ââU=Uf-Ui=-12
â´ Uf=-12+Ui=-12+30=18 J

Topic: Physics, Thermodynamics, NEET
In the thin filament of skeletal muscle fibre, a small globular protein that masks the active sites on the F-actin is:

Options:
A G-actin
B Actin
C Tropomyosin
D Troponin

The correct answer is:
Troponin

Solution:
The thin filament of skeletal muscle fibre is composed of three distinct proteins, i.e., actin, tropomyosin and troponin. Troponin-I inhibits the F-actinâmyosin interaction and also binds to other components of troponin. Tropomyosin is a fibrous molecule that attaches to F-actin in the groove between its filaments.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
In the tissues, high concentration of carbon dioxide

Options:
A Increases the affinity of haemoglobin to both oxygen and hydrogen
B Increases the affinity of haemoglobin to oxygen but decreases its affinity to hydrogen
C Decreases the affinity of haemoglobin to oxygen but increases its affinity to hydrogen
D Decreases the affinity of haemoglobin to both oxygen and hydrogen

The correct answer is:
Decreases the affinity of haemoglobin to oxygen but increases its affinity to hydrogen

Solution:
As the CO2 content of blood increases, the pH of the blood falls. This produces a decrease in oxygen affinity of haemoglobin. This is called the Bohr effect and is closely related to the fact that deoxygenated haemoglobin (deoxyhaemoglobin) binds hydrogen ion more actively than does the haemoglobin. This facilitates gaseous exchange because more oxygen is released in the tissues where the amount of carbon dioxide is rising due to metabolic activity. At the same time, more oxygen is taken up by the lungs or gills where the amount of carbon dioxide is low.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
In the unbalanced reaction,
CrO5+SnCl2→CrO42-+SnCl4 , the element undergoing oxidation and reduction respectively are

Options:
A Cr, Sn
B Sn, Cr
C Sn, O
D Cl, C

The correct answer is:
Sn, O

Solution:
Here Sn is undergoing oxidation while oxygen is undergoing reduction.
Oxygen changes from peroxide (-1) to oxide (-2).
Sn changes from +2 to +4.

Topic: Chemistry, Redox Reactions, NEET
In the wall of the alimentary canal, what is the actual sequence of layers from outer to inner?

Options:
A Serosa, longitudinal muscle, mucosa, submucosa
B Mucosa, serosa, longitudinal muscle
C Serosa, longitudinal muscle, circular muscle, submucosa, mucosa
D Serosa, circular muscle, submucosa, mucosa

The correct answer is:
Serosa, longitudinal muscle, circular muscle, submucosa, mucosa

Solution:
The wall of the alimentary canal is made up of four basic layers. First of all, there is serosa, which is a thin membranous covering around the oesophagus. Then, there is muscle layer-outer layer of longitudinal muscles and an inner layer of circular muscles. These two layers constitute the muscularis. Last, there is the submucosa, which contains a few oesophageal glands. Then comes mucosa, which has several layers of flattened cells.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
In the W/O type emulsion, what acts as the dispersion medium?

Options:
A Oil
B Water
C Gel
D Solid

The correct answer is:
Oil

Solution:
In the W/O type emulsion, oil acts as the dispersion medium, as stated in the paragraph.

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, NEET
In the work formula w = PdV, what does "dV" represent?

Options:
A The change in pressure
B The change in volume
C The change in temperature
D The change in entropy

The correct answer is:
The change in volume

Solution:
In the work formula w = PdV, "dV" represents the change in volume during the process.

Topic: Chemistry, Thermodynamics (C), NEET
In the World Summit on sustainable development held in 2002 in Johannesburg, South Africa, how many countries pledged their commitment to achieve a significant reduction in the current rate of biodiversity loss at global, regions and local levels by 2010?

Options:
A 100
B 180
C 190
D 200

The correct answer is:
190

Solution:
The historic Convention on Biological Diversity (âThe Earth Summitâ) held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, called upon all nations to take appropriate measures for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilization of its benefits. In a follow-up, the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in 2002 in Johannesburg, South Africa, 190 countries pledged their commitment to achieve a significant reduction in the current rate of biodiversity loss at global, regional and local levels by 2010.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
In the Wurtz reaction, what is the role of sodium metal?

Options:
A Sodium metal acts as a catalyst.
B Sodium metal donates electrons to form radicals.
C Sodium metal serves as a solvent.
D Sodium metal is a spectator in the reaction.

The correct answer is:
Sodium metal donates electrons to form radicals.

Solution:
In the Wurtz reaction, sodium metal donates electrons to alkyl halides, forming alkyl radicals, which then combine to produce higher alkanes.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET
In the XO type of sex determination, what determines the sex of the offspring?

Options:
A The number of autosomes
B The presence or absence of the Y:chromosome
C The presence or absence of the X:chromosome in the sperm
D The presence or absence of the X:chromosome in the egg

The correct answer is:
The presence or absence of the X:chromosome in the egg

Solution:
In the XO type of sex determination, all eggs bear an additional X:chromosome besides the other chromosomes (autosomes), and the sex of the offspring is determined by the presence or absence of the X:chromosome in the sperm that fertilizes the egg.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
In the x-t plot of a particle's one-dimensional motion (Figure 2.14), three different equal intervals of time are shown. In which interval does the particle have the greatest average speed, and in which interval does it have the least average speed? Additionally, what is the sign of the average velocity for each of these intervals?

Options:
A The greatest average speed is in Interval 3, and the least average speed is in Interval 2. The average velocity is positive in Intervals 1 and 2, and negative in Interval 3.
B The greatest average speed is in Interval 2, and the least average speed is in Interval 1. The average velocity is positive in Intervals 2 and 3, and negative in Interval 1.
C The greatest average speed is in Interval 1, and the least average speed is in Interval 3. The average velocity is positive in Intervals 1 and 2, and negative in Interval 3.
D The greatest average speed is in Interval 3, and the least average speed is in Interval 1. The average velocity is positive in Interval 1 and negative in Intervals 2 and 3.

The correct answer is:
The greatest average speed is in Interval 3, and the least average speed is in Interval 2. The average velocity is positive in Intervals 1 and 2, and negative in Interval 3.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
The greatest average speed is in Interval 3, and the least average speed is in Interval 2. The average velocity is positive in Intervals 1 and 2, and negative in Interval 3.

Topic: Chemistry, Motion In One Dimension, NEET
In the year 1963, the two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in Escherichia coli were isolated. They are

Options:
A The enzyme that adds methyl groups to the bacterial DNA
B The enzyme that joins the cleaved DNA
C The enzymes that cleaves DNA
D More than one option is correct

The correct answer is:
More than one option is correct

Solution:
Restriction enzyme cleaves the DNA at certain sites creating fragments of DNA. This mechanism is used by bacteria to prevent any infection from foreign DNA. Methylase enzyme adds methyl groups to the bacterial DNA in order to prevent the destruction of its own DNA by restriction enzymes. This prediction was confirmed in 1963 by Stuart Linn and Arber when they isolated the enzyme methylase which was previously known as modification enzyme.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
In the year 1963, the two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in Escherichia coli were isolated. They were respectively

Options:
A Ligase, Restriction endonuclease
B Helicase, Restriction endonuclease
C Methylase, Restriction endonuclease
D DNA polymerase, Restriction endonuclease

The correct answer is:
Methylase, Restriction endonuclease

Solution:
In the- late 1960's, scientists Stewart Linn and Werner Arber isolated samples of the two types of enzymes responsible for phage growth restriction in Escherichia coli (E coli) bacteria. One of these enzymes methylated DNA, while the other cleaved unmethylated DNA at a wide variety of locations along the length of the molecule. The first type of enzyme was called a "methylase" while the other was called a "restriction nuclease."

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
In the Young’s double slit experiment the intensity of light at a point on the screen where the path difference is λ is K, ( λ being the wave length of light used). The intensity at a point where the path difference is λ4, will be:

Options:
A K
B K4
C K2
D Zero

The correct answer is:
K2

Solution:
Imax=4I0=K
at the other point, path difference =λ4
So, phase difference ϕ=2πλ×λ4=π2
I'=I0+I0+2I0I0cos⁡π2
I'=2I0=K2

Topic: Physics, Wave Optics, NEET, NEET 2014
In thermodynamics, how is the state of a system typically specified, and why is this method simpler than specifying the position and velocity of each particle?

Options:
A By specifying the position and velocity of each particle to ensure accuracy.
B By using state functions or state variables, which are average measurable properties.
C By detailing the quantum mechanical properties of the system.
D By monitoring the temperature and pressure only.

The correct answer is:
By using state functions or state variables, which are average measurable properties.

Solution:
In thermodynamics, the state of a system is typically specified using state functions or state variables, which represent average measurable properties, simplifying the description compared to specifying the position and velocity of each particle.

Topic: Chemistry, Thermodynamics (C), NEET
In thermodynamics, what does the term "system" refer to?

Options:
A The entire universe
B That part of the universe where observations are made
C Everything other than the surroundings
D The surroundings

The correct answer is:
That part of the universe where observations are made

Solution:
In thermodynamics, the system refers to the part of the universe where observations are made.

Topic: Chemistry, Thermodynamics (C), NEET
In thermodynamics, which properties of a gas can be used to describe its state?

Options:
A Only pressure (p)
B Only volume (V)
C Pressure (p), volume (V), and temperature (T)
D Temperature (T) and amount (n)

The correct answer is:
Pressure (p), volume (V), and temperature (T)

Solution:
In thermodynamics, the state of a gas can be described by properties such as pressure (p), volume (V), and temperature (T).

Topic: Chemistry, Thermodynamics (C), NEET
In thermodynamics, why is it considered that the entire universe other than the system is not affected by the changes in the system?

Options:
A Because the surroundings are isolated from the universe
B Because the surroundings are not a part of the universe
C Because the universe is too vast to be influenced by the system
D Because the surroundings can interact with the system

The correct answer is:
Because the surroundings can interact with the system

Solution:
The paragraph emphasizes that the surroundings are that portion of the universe which can interact with the system, indicating that the rest of the universe is not directly affected.

Topic: Chemistry, Thermodynamics (C), NEET
In this given circuit, no current is passing through the galvanometer. If the cross-sectional diameter of the wire AB is doubled, then for null point of galvanometer the value of AC would

Options:
A x4
B 4x
C 2x
D x

The correct answer is:
x

Solution:
For a uniform wire, resistances are in the ratio of lengths only.

Topic: Physics, Current Electricity, NEET
In this molecules, π-electron-density is more on

Options:
A C1 and C3
B C2 and C4
C C2 and C3
D C1 and C4

The correct answer is:
C2 and C4

Solution:
π - e - density is more on C 2 & C 4

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
In this reaction
CH3CHO+HCN→CH3CH(OH)CN→HOHCH3CH(OH)COOH
a symmetric centre is generated. The acid obtained would be

Options:
A D-isomer
B L-isomer
C 50% D + 50% L-isomer
D 20% D + 80% L-isomer

The correct answer is:
50% D + 50% L-isomer

Solution:
Lactic acid (CH3CH(OH)COOH) is an optically active compound due to the presence of asymmetric carbon atom. It exists in D- and L-form, the ratio of which is found to be (1:1), i.e., a racemic mixture is obtained.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
In this reaction:
$\begin{aligned}
\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CHO}+\mathrm{HCN} & \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}(\mathrm{OH}) \mathrm{CN} \\
\stackrel{\mathrm{H} . \mathrm{OH}}{\longrightarrow} & \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}(\mathrm{OH}) \mathrm{COOH}
\end{aligned}$
an symmetric centre is generated. The acid obtained would be:

Options:
A D-isomer
B L-isomer
C $50 \% \mathrm{D}+50 \%$ L-isomer
D $20 \% \mathrm{D}+80 \% \mathrm{~L}$-isomer

The correct answer is:
$50 \% \mathrm{D}+50 \%$ L-isomer

Solution:
Lactic acid is an optically active compound due to presence of assymmetric carbon. It exist in D and $\mathrm{L}$ form in the ratio $1: 1$, forming a racemic mixture.
Related Theory
Enantiomers are stereoisomers which are non superimposable, mirror images. A mixture of equal amounts of two stereoisomers of an optically active substance is called a racemic mixture or racemate.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET, NEET 2003
In this sequence of reaction the final product T is

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:

Topic: Chemistry, Amines, NEET