datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
The given lens is broken into four parts and rearranged closely as shown. If the initial focal length is f then after rearrangement the equivalent focal length is

Options:
A f
B f/2
C f/4
D 4f

The correct answer is:
f/2

Solution:
1 f =(μ-1) 2 R    1 f ′ =(μ−1) 1 R
f'=2f
So cutting a lens in transverse direction doubles their focal length but if a lens is cut across its principle axis, then there is no change in focal length. So all the 4 parts will have same focal length i.e. 2f
Using the formula of equivalent focal length, we can find net focal length
1 f = 1 f 1 + 1 f 2 + 1 f 3 + 1 f 4

Topic: Physics, Ray Optics, NEET
The given nucleotide sequence on mRNA is as shown below:

5' AUGUCAUGGGAGUGAGUUGGGCUAAAAUAG 3'

(A) How many amino acids will be inserted in a polypeptide chain under normal conditions?
(B) How many amino acids will be inserted in a polypeptide chain in a mutated situation by the deletion of 9th nucleotide in the cistron part of DNA?

Options:
A (A) 4, (B) 9
B (A) 4, (B) 7
C (A) 6, (B) 8
D (A) 5, (B) 7

The correct answer is:
(A) 4, (B) 7

Solution:
5'-AUG UCA UGG GAG UGA GUU GGG CUA AAA UAG-3'
Number of amino acids in normal condition=4(UGA is a stopping codon)
5'-AUG UCA UGG AGU GAG UUG GGC UAA AAU AG 3'
in the mutated situation (by deletion of 9th nucleotide in cistron part of DNA) = 7 (UAA is stop codon)

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
The given octahedral complexes have d2sp3 or sp3d2 hybridization, which one of the following will not show geometric isomerism ( if A and B are monodentate ligands)?

Options:
A [MA5B]
B [MA3B3]
C [MA2B4]
D [MA4B2]

The correct answer is:
[MA5B]

Solution:
Octahedral complexes of the type [MA4B2],[MA2B4],[MA3B3] exhibit geometrical isomerism , they can have identical ligands at cis/trans positions.

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, NEET
The given pedigree chart shows the inheritance of which of the following Mendelian disorders?

Options:
A Autosomal dominant trait - myotonic dystrophy
B Autosomal recessive trait - haemophilia
C Autosomal recessive trait - sickle cell anaemia
D Autosomal dominant trait - cystic fibrosis

The correct answer is:
Autosomal recessive trait - sickle cell anaemia

Solution:
Sickle cell anaemia is an autosome linked recessive trait that can be transmitted from parents to the offspring when both the partners are carriers for the gene. The disease is controlled by a single pair of allele, HbA and HbS.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
The given plots represent the variation of the concentration of a reactant R with time for two different reaction (i) and (ii) The respective orders of the reactions are

Options:
A 1, 0
B 1, 1
C 0, 1
D 0, 2

The correct answer is:
1, 0

Solution:
Integrated rate law for first order reaction is
k=1t1nCoCt
[Where Ctâ concentration of reactant at time t,Coâ initial concentration of reactant]
1nCoCt=1nCo-1nCt=kt
1n (Ct)=-kt+1n(Co)
If (Ct)=[R]= concentration of reactant
1n[R]=-kt+1n(Co)
On comparing with y=mx+C
⇒ Slope m=-k for graph between 1n (R) and t with intercept 1n (Co)
⇒ First graph is of first order
Integrated rate law for zero order reactions is Ct=Co-kt or [Ct]=-kt+[Co] or [R]=-kt+[Co](Ct=R given)
On comparing with y=mx+C
⇒ slope m=-k for graph between (R) and t with intercept Co
⇒ Second graph is of zero order reactions.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Kinetics, NEET
The given protozoan comes under which category?

Options:
A Amoeboid protozoans
B Ciliated protozoans
C Flagellated protozoans
D Sporozoans

The correct answer is:
Ciliated protozoans

Solution:
The coordinated movement of rows of cilia in Ciliated protozoans causes the water laden with food to be steered into the gullet. Example: Paramoecium.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
The given reaction
CH3COOH+Cl2→PClCH2COOH+HCl
is known as

Options:
A Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction
B Birch reaction
C Rosenmund reaction
D Hunsdiecker reaction

The correct answer is:
Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction

Solution:
In Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction, the carboxylic acid containing α-H undergo alpha halogenation in the presence of Cl 2 in red P . In this reaction α-H is replaced by chlorine.

Topic: Chemistry, Carboxylic Acid Derivatives, NEET
The given reaction is an example of-

Options:
A Reimer-Tiemann reaction
B Liebermann's nitroso reaction
C Lederer manasse reaction
D Dakin reaction

The correct answer is:
Dakin reaction

Solution:
This problem is based on concept of Dakin's oxidation, which convert o-slicylaldehyde and to ortho hydroxy phenol.
Dakin's oxidation : The conversion of slicylaldehyde to 1, 2-dihydroxy benzene in presence of H2O2 is known as dakin oxidation. This reaction occurs as follow

Topic: Chemistry, Alcohols Phenols and Ethers, NEET
The given reaction

is an example of

Options:
A Nucelophilic substitution
B Free radical substitution
C Electrophilic substitution
D Addition

The correct answer is:
Free radical substitution

Solution:
In presence of UV light free radical substitution reaction (halogination) takes place.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET
The given reaction is
CH3-CH=CH-CH2OH→HBrCH3-CH|Br-CH=CH2

Options:
A E1
B S N 1
C SN2
D E2

The correct answer is:
S N 1

Solution:
It is a case of SN1 reaction in which OH- is substituted by Br- as follows
CH3-CH=CH-CH2OH→H⊕CH3-CH=CH-C⊕H2↔CH3-C⊕H-CH=CH2→Br-CH3-C|HBr-CH=CH2

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET
The given reaction is

Options:
A Claisen reaction
B Tischenko reaction
C Perkin reaction
D Cannizzaro reaction

The correct answer is:
Tischenko reaction

Solution:
The given reaction is Tischenko reaction (modified Cannizzaro reaction)

Topic: Chemistry, Aldehydes and Ketones, NEET
The given structure corresponds to:

Options:
A Glycine
B Alanine
C Serine
D None of these

The correct answer is:
Serine

Solution:

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
The given structure of α -amino acid will exist at which pH?

Options:
A 7
B 14
C 6
D 12

The correct answer is:
6

Solution:
The given structure is in the form of cation, hence pH should be acidic (below 7)

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
The given truth table relates Y to A and B.

A	B	Y

0	0	1

0	1	0

1	0	0

1	1	0

Then, Y is given by

Options:
A A+B
B AB
C AB ¯
D A + B Â¯

The correct answer is:
A + B ¯

Solution:
A	B	Y

0	0	1

0	1	0

1	0	0

1	1	0

A + B Â¯ = 0 + 0 Â¯ = 1
0 + 1 Â¯ = 0
1 + 0 Â¯ = 0
1 + 1 Â¯ = 0

Topic: Physics, Semiconductors, NEET
The gland that stores hormone before its secretion is

Options:
A the smallest endocrine gland
B the largest endocrine gland
C the heterocrine gland
D the endocrine gland which is considered as the vestigial third eye

The correct answer is:
the largest endocrine gland

Solution:
The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in our body. It is a butterfly-shaped gland present in the neck region. It consists of two lobes situated on either side of the trachea and is connected by isthmus. Each lobe consists of many follicles that are responsible for the release of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. These hormones are formed and stored in the follicles and are released as and when required by the body. Thus only thyroid gland stores its hormone before its secretion.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
The glands liberate their secretions into ducts conveying either on the surface of the body or to particular organs of the body are called ___.

Options:
A Exocrine gland
B Endocrine gland
C Hormone
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Exocrine gland

Solution:
The glands liberate their secretions into ducts conveying either on the surface of the body or to particular organs of the body are called Exocrine gland

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
The glans penis is made up of

Options:
A corpus spongiosum
B corpus cavernosum
C corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum
D two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum

The correct answer is:
corpus spongiosum

Solution:
The penis is made up of three erectile tissues. A pair of dorsolateral coporacavernosa and a single ventral corpus spongiosum. The urethra passes through corpus spongiosum and hence that part is called spongiose urethra. The glans penis is made up of only corpus spongiosum.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
The globular head of a heavy meromyosin part of meromyosin has:

Options:
A Actin binding sites
B ATP binding sites
C ATPase enzyme activity
D All of the above

The correct answer is:
All of the above

Solution:
Each meromyosin has two parts, the heavy meromyosin (HMM) and light meromyosin (LMM). The heavy meromyosin consist of a globular head and a short arm. The globular head is an active ATPase enzyme and has binding sites for ATP and active sites for actin.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
The glomerular filtrate contains

Options:
A urea, uric acid, globulin
B urea, vitamin C, RBC
C urea, uric acid, albumin
D urea, uric acid, glucose and water

The correct answer is:
urea, uric acid, glucose and water

Solution:
Ultrafiltration is the first step in urine formation. This is the filtration of blood and is carried out by glomerulus and thus is also known as glomerular filtration. This takes place through three layers that forms the filtration membrane. The podocytes present in the inner layer of Bowmans capsule play an important role in this filtration. When blood is filtered through this membrane. Thus almost all the substances are filtered except proteins and blood cells. Thus urea, uric acid, glucose, water is filtered and thus enters the Bowman's space.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET
The Golgi cisternae are concentrically arranged near the nucleus with distinct

Options:
A concave trans or the forming face and convex cis or the maturing face.
B concave cis or the forming face and convex trans or the maturing face.
C convex trans or the forming face and concave cis or the maturing face.
D convex cis or the forming face and concave trans or the maturing face.

The correct answer is:
convex cis or the forming face and concave trans or the maturing face.

Solution:
Golgi bodies consist of many flat, disc-shaped sacs or cisternae of 0.5μm to 1.0μm diameter. These are stacked parallel to each other. A varied number of cisternae are present in a Golgi complex. The Golgi cisternae are concentrically arranged near the nucleus with distinct convex cis or the forming face and concave trans or the maturing face. The cis and the trans faces of the organelle are entirely different, but interconnected

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
The Golgi complex participated in

Options:
A Respiration in bacteria
B Formation of secretory vesicles
C Fatty acid breakdown
D Activation of amino acid

The correct answer is:
Formation of secretory vesicles

Solution:
Golgi complex participates in the formation of secretory vesicles. It is a cytoplasmic structure found in eukaryotic cells. It is made up of four parts; cisternae, tubules, vesicles, and vacuoles.
The forming face or cisternae receives vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum. Their contents pass through various cisternae with the help of coated vesicles and intracisternal connectives. They ultimately reach the maturing face where they are budded off as, coated secretory or Golgi vesicles.
In bacteria, respiration occurs with the help of mesosomes since they lack cell organelles. The breakdown of fatty acid occurs in peroxisomes and mitochondria. Activation of the amino acid is an important step in protein synthesis and it occurs in the cytoplasm. In this process, amino acids get attached to tRNA molecules.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET, NEET 2018
The Golgi complex plays a major role

Options:
A in trapping the light and transforming it into chemical energy
B in digesting proteins and carbohydrates
C as energy transferring organelles
D in post translational modification of proteins and glycosidation of lipids

The correct answer is:
in post translational modification of proteins and glycosidation of lipids

Solution:
Golgi complex plays a major role in post translational modification of proteins and glycosidation of lipids. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which traps light and transform into chemical energy. Lysosomes are involved in digesting proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Mitochondria are energy transferring organelles.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)
The Golgi complex plays a major role

Options:
A in trapping the light and transforming it into chemical energy.
B in digesting proteins and carbohydrates.
C as energy transferring organelles.
D in post translational modification of proteins and glycosidation of lipids.

The correct answer is:
in post translational modification of proteins and glycosidation of lipids.

Solution:
The Golgi apparatus principally performs the function of packaging materials to be delivered either to the intra- cellular targets or secreted outside the cell. A number of proteins synthesised by ribosomes on ER are modified in the cisternae of golgi apparatus before they are released from the trans face. It is important site of formation of glycolipids and glycoproteins.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
The gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates the release of

Options:
A LH and FSH from pituitary gland
B Testosterone from testis
C Melatonin from pineal gland
D Thyroxine from thyroid gland

The correct answer is:
LH and FSH from pituitary gland

Solution:
Gonadotropins are hormones synthesized and released by the anterior pituitary, which act on the gonads (testes and ovaries) to increase the production of sex hormones and stimulate production of either sperm or ova.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
The Graafian follicle contains

Options:
A many oocytes
B many sperms
C a single oocyte
D the site for egg fertilisation

The correct answer is:
a single oocyte

Solution:
The ovaries are the female reproductive organs where the ovarian follicles are found. Sometimes they are also called as Graafian follicles. The ovarian follicle is a fluid-filled sac which contains a primitive ovum or oocyte. During ovulation, there is a cyclical development in one or more of these follicles each month, which in turn releases a mature egg.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
The grade of organisation in sponges is

Options:
A

Cellular grade

B Cell-tissue grade
C Protoplasmic grade
D Organ-system grade

The correct answer is:

Cellular grade

Solution:
Sponges have a cellular grade of organization. The cellular grade of organization or cell aggregate body form has just aggregation of cells. No tissue is formed.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
The Gram-negative bacteria detect and respond to chemicals in their surroundings by

Options:
A volutin granules
B lipopolysaccharide
C muramic acid
D porins

The correct answer is:
porins

Solution:
The inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria process barrel-shaped membranous proteins called porins. These porins are hydrophilic in nature and facilitate the movement of aqueous solutions that are water soluble in and out of the cell. They respond to the surroundings by serving as a receptor sites for bacteriophages.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
The graph below shows the changes in two populations of herbivores in a grassy field. A possible reason for these changes is that

Options:
A population B competed more successfully for food than population A did.
B all of the plant populations in this habitat decreased.
C population A consumed the members of population B.
D population A produced more offspring than population B did.

The correct answer is:
population B competed more successfully for food than population A did.

Solution:
If population B increased while population A decreased, these organisms were probably in competition for the same food (grass) and population B was better adapted. Hence population A is competitively being excluded from the population.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
The graph between object distance u and image distance v from a convex lens is given. The correct option option, from the following, is

Options:
A f = 5±0·1
B f = 5Â±0Â·05
C f = 0·5±0·1
D f = 0·5±0·05

The correct answer is:
f = 5Â±0Â·05

Solution:
From the lens formula :
We have 1f=1Ï-1u
1f=110-1-10
or, f=+5
Further,Îu=0Â·1
and ÎÏ=0Â·1 ( from the graph )
Now, differentiating the lens formula, we have
Îff2=ÎÏÏ2+Îuu2
or, Îf=ÎÏÏ2+Îuu2 f2
Substituting the values, we get
Îf=0Â·1102+0Â·110252=0Â·05
â´ fÂ±Îf=5Â±0Â·05

Topic: Physics, Ray Optics, NEET
The graph between the mass of liquid inside the capillary and radius of capillary is

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
Mass of liquid inside the capillary m=πr2hd=πrhd.r
since, hr= constant
∴ mass of liquid inside the capillary m∝r

Topic: Physics, Mechanical Properties of Fluids, NEET
The graph formed by plotting species richness against area for a wide variety of taxa (angiosperm plants, birds, bats, fresh water fishes, etc.) turns out to be a

Options:
A Parabola
B Straight line
C Rectangular hyperbola
D Any of the above

The correct answer is:
Rectangular hyperbola

Solution:
Alexander von Humboldt proposed the concept of species area relationship and observed that within a region species richness increases with increasing explored area but inly upto a certain limit, and the relation between species richness and area for a variety of taxa turns out to be a rectangular hyperbola.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
The graph given below is showing biome distribution with respect to annual temperature and precipitation. Identify A, B, and C, respectively.

Options:
A A–Desert; B–Arctic tundra; C–Coniferous forest
B A–Arctic tundra; B–Desert; C–Tropical forest
C A–Temperate forest; B–Arctic tundra; C–Desert
D A–Temperate forest; B–Arctic tundra; C–Grassland

The correct answer is:
A–Arctic tundra; B–Desert; C–Tropical forest

Solution:

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
The graph given below represents the effect of sewage discharge on some important characteristics of river

Select the CORRECT option with respect to the peaks A and B.

Options:
A Peak A - Sharp increase in BOD, the disappearance of clean water organisms
Peak B - Increase in dissolved oxygen, the reappearance of clean water organisms
B Peak A - Increase in dissolved oxygen, the reappearance of clean water organisms
Peak B - Sharp decline in dissolved oxygen, the disappearance of clean water organisms
C Peak A - Sharp increase in BOD, the appearance of clean water organisms
Peak B - Increase in dissolved oxygen, the disappearance of clean water organisms
D Peak A - Increased number of anaerobic bacteria, the disappearance of clean water organisms
Peak B - Sharp decline in dissolved O2, the reappearance of clean water organisms

The correct answer is:
Peak A - Sharp increase in BOD, the disappearance of clean water organisms
Peak B - Increase in dissolved oxygen, the reappearance of clean water organisms

Solution:

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
The graph given below, shows the variation of f vs z for characteristics X- rays. Lines 1,2,3 and 4 shown in the graph corresponds to any one of KÎ± , KÎ² , LÎ± or LÎ² emission, then LÎ² is represented by (f = frequency, z = Atomic number)

Options:
A Line 1
B Line 2
C Line 3
D Line 4

The correct answer is:
Line 3

Solution:
For a given value of z , energy of K- series is more than L- series, also β- line has more energy as compared tc α- line.

Topic: Physics, Atomic Physics, NEET
The graph in case of a population showing maximum intrinsic growth will be

Options:
A Sigmoid
B ‘J' shaped
C ‘S' shaped
D Hyperbola

The correct answer is:
‘J' shaped

Solution:
Ideally, when resources in the habitat are unlimited, each species has the ability to realize fully its innate potential to grow in number, as Darwin observed while developing his theory of natural selection. Then the population grows in an exponential or geometric fashion. The J-shaped curve shows three stages-lag phase, exponential phase and crash phase.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
The graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate at which the enzyme in a biological washing powder digests and removes fruit juice stains.

Which statements explain the shape of the graph at temperatures higher than X?

I. Bonds are broken between the R groups of the amino acids in the polypeptide chains of the enzyme.

II. There are more collisions between the enzyme and its substrate.

III. The tertiary structure of the enzyme is altered.

IV. The shapes of the active site and the substrate are no longer complementary.

Options:
A I, II and II
B I, II and IV
C I, III and IV
D II, III and IV

The correct answer is:
I, III and IV

Solution:
Enzymes generally function in a narrow range of temperature. Each enzyme shows its highest activity at a particular temperature called optimum temperature. Low temperature preserves the enzyme in a temporarily inactive state whereas high temperature destroys enzymatic activity because proteins are denatured by heat.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
The graph shows the oxygen dissociation curves of haemoglobin from two species of mammals, S and T.

Which statements could explain the difference in the oxygen dissociation curves of species S and species T?

I. Species T has a higher haemoglobin concentration in its red blood cells than species S.
II. The haemoglobin in species T has a lower affinity for oxygen than the haemoglobin in species S.
III. Species T may be living at a higher altitudes than species S.

Options:
A I, and III only
B II and III only
C I, II, and III
D III only

The correct answer is:
I, II, and III

Solution:
The oxy-haemoglobin dissociation curve provides information about the relation between the partial pressure of oxygen and the oxygen saturation. Haemoglobin's affinity for oxygen increases as more molecules of oxygen bind to it. Thus, a higher number of molecules bind as the oxygen partial pressure increases until the maximum amount that can be bound is reached. The curve on the right (T) indicates that there is an easy dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin. This occurs when there is a lower affinity between oxygen and haemoglobin. Some conditions which decrease affinity are low partial pressure of oxygen, the high partial pressure of carbon dioxide, low pH, high temperature and high altitudes.
In acute mountain syndrome (AMS), the following changes take place in the individual: the number of RBC increases (polycythemia), the affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen decreases, etc.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
The graph shows two types of the population growth curve, 'a' - Exponential and 'b' - Logistic. Which of the following graph models is considered to be the more realistic one?

Options:
A Logistic curve
B Exponential curve
C Both Exponential and Logistic curve
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Logistic curve

Solution:
(i) A—Exponential growth curve and B—Logistic growth curve
(ii) Logistic growth curve B is considered more realistic one because the resources are finite and become limited sooner or later.
(iii) K stands for carrying capacity which refers to the maximum number of individuals of a population that the given environment can sustain at a given time.
(iv) N symbolises population density, i.e. the number of individuals of a species in a given population per unit area.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
The graph which represents the relation between refractive index μ with wavelength λ is

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
Since, from Cauchy's relation
Î¼=A+BÎ»2
â Î¼â1Î»2

Topic: Physics, Ray Optics, NEET