datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Which of the statements are in accordance with the observation of geographer Alexander Von Humboldt?

I. Within a region species, richness increases with increasing explored area but within a limit.
II. The relation between species richness and area is a rectangular hyperbola.
III. The richness of species decreases with the increasing explored area.
IV. There is no relation between the explored area and species richness.

Options:
A I and II only
B I, III and IV
C II and IV
D II and III

The correct answer is:
I and II only

Solution:
According to geographer Alexander von Humboldt, with increased area species richness also increases. According to him, a rectangular hyperbola represents the relation between species richness and area for a wide variety of taxa. He observed that within a region species richness increased with increasing explored area but only up to a limit. But on a logarithmic scale, a straight line represents this relationship described by the equation log S = log C + Z log A. S = Species richness A= Area Z = slope of the line (regression coefficient) C = Y-intercept.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Which of the statements given below is not true about the formation of annual rings in trees?

Options:
A Annual ring is a combination of spring wood and autumn wood produced in a year.
B Differential activity of cambium causes light and dark bands of tissue - early and late wood respectively.
C Activity of cambium depends upon variation in climate.
D Annual rings are not prominent in trees of temperate region.

The correct answer is:
Annual rings are not prominent in trees of temperate region.

Solution:
The activity of cambium is non-uniform in plants growing in regions of favorable climatic conditions (rainy or spring season) that alternate regularly with unfavorable climatic conditions (dry hot summer or cold winter). In temperate climates, the cambium is more active giving rise to a higher number of vessels with greater activities, while in winter, it becomes less active and forms narrower and smaller vessels. Both spring and autumn wood contribute for an annual ring, forming one ring a year. Annual rings are prominent in trees of temperate region.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2019 (All India)
Which of the statements is correct about leaflets of compound leaf?
(a) They are always borne laterally in one plane.
(b) They do not bear axillary bud.
(c) They bear stipules at base.
(d) They may arise at the tip of petiole.

Options:
A (b) & (d)
B (c) & (d)
C (a), (b) & (d)
D (b), (c) & (d)

The correct answer is:
(b) & (d)

Solution:
When the incisions of the lamina reach up to the midrib breaking it into a number of leaflets, the leaf is called compound leaf. A bud is present in the axil of petiole in both simple and compound leaves, but not in the axil of leaflets of the compound leaf. The compound leaves may arise at the top of the petiole.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Which of the statements is incorrect?

Options:
A Bond length of CH3Cl 3Br
B C-X Bond enthalpy of CH3I 3F
C Dipole moment of CH3Br > Dipole moment of CH3Cl
D Dipole moment of CH3F < Dipole moment of CH3Cl

The correct answer is:
Dipole moment of CH3Br > Dipole moment of CH3Cl

Solution:
Correct Option is : 3
Dipole moment of CH3Br > Dipole moment of CH3Cl

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET
Which of the statements is not true?

Options:
A On passing $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{~S}$ through acidified $\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7$ solution, a milky colour is observed
B $\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7$ is preferred over $\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7$ in volumetric analysis
C $\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7$ solution in acidic medium is orange
D $\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7$ solution becomes yellow on increasing the $\mathrm{pH}$ beyond 7

The correct answer is:
$\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7$ is preferred over $\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7$ in volumetric analysis

Solution:
Being hygroscopic, sodium dichromate, $\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7$ cannot be used in volumetric analysis.
All other given statements are true.

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET, NEET 2012 (Screening)
Which of the statements supports that a flower is a highly condensed and modified part of the plant body?

Options:
A Anatomically, the pedicel and thalamus of a flower resembles that of a flower.
B Except for the lower internode, other internodes are condensed forming a broad base called thalamus.
C The flower may develop in the axis of a small leaf-like structure called bract.
D All of the above.

The correct answer is:
The flower may develop in the axis of a small leaf-like structure called bract.

Solution:
A bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis, or cone scale. They may be smaller, larger, or of a different color, shape, or texture. The flower may develop in the axis of a bract

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Which of the structure is not associated with the mucosa layer of the small intestine?

Options:
A Villi and microvilli
B Crypts of Leiberkuhn
C Chief cells
D Intestinal gland

The correct answer is:
Chief cells

Solution:
The mucosa is the innermost layer of the small intestine. Its epithelium is called mucosal epithelium and is modified to form a finger-like projection called villi and microvilli, intestinal glands are also called crypts of Leiberkuhn. Chief cells are present in the stomach secretes pepsin, a proteolytic enzyme.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
Which of the structures are found in photosynthetic prokaryotes?

I. Mesosomes
II. Cellulose wall
III. Ribosomes
IV. Chloroplasts

Options:
A I, II, III and IV
B I, II and III only
C I and III only
D II and IV only

The correct answer is:
I and III only

Solution:
Photosynthetic prokaryotes have their photosynthetic pigment in specialised infoldings of the plasma membrane called mesosomes. The cell wall of prokaryotes is made up of peptidoglycans. Cellulose cell wall and chloroplasts are present in plants which are eukaryotic.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Which of the two have the same dimensions?

Options:
A Force and strain
B Force and stress
C Angular velocity and frequency
D Energy and strain

The correct answer is:
Angular velocity and frequency

Solution:
ω=dθdt=[T−1] and frequency [n]=[T−1]

Topic: Physics, Units and Dimensions, NEET
Which of the two ions from the list given below, have the geometry that is explained by the same hybridisation of orbitals, $\mathrm{NO}_2^{-}, \mathrm{NO}_3^{-}, \mathrm{NH}_2^{-}, \mathrm{NH}_4^{+}, \mathrm{SCN}^{-}$?

Options:
A $\mathrm{NH}_4^{+}$and $\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$
B $\mathrm{SCN}^{-}$and $\mathrm{NH}_2^{-}$
C $\mathrm{NO}_2^{-}$and $\mathrm{NH}_2^{-}$
D $\mathrm{NO}_2^{-}$and $\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$

The correct answer is:
$\mathrm{NO}_2^{-}$and $\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$

Solution:
$$
\begin{array}{ll}
\mathrm{NO}_2^{-} & \rightarrow s p^2 \\
\mathrm{NO}_3^{-} & \rightarrow s p^2 \\
\mathrm{NH}_2^{+} & \rightarrow s p^3
\end{array}
$$
$$
\begin{array}{ll}
\mathrm{NH}_4^{-} & \rightarrow s p^3 \\
\mathrm{SCN}^{-} & \rightarrow s p
\end{array}
$$
$\therefore \quad \mathrm{NO}_2^{-}$and $\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$both have the same hybridisation.
$\therefore\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\right)_6\right]^{2+}$ has minimum number of unpaired electrons and thus, minimum paramagnetic behaviour.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET, NEET 2011 (Screening)
Which of the two ions from the list given below that have the geometry that is explained by the same hybridization of orbitals, NO2-,NO3-,NH2-,NH4+,SCN- ?

Options:
A NO2- and NO3-
B NH4+ and NO3-
C SCN- and NH2-
D NO2- and NH2-

The correct answer is:
NO2- and NO3-

Solution:
Ions	Hybridization

NO2-	sp2

NO3-	sp2

NH2-	sp3

NH4+	sp3

SCN-	sp

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET
Which of the two: O2NCH2CH2O–or CH3CH2O–is expected to be more stable and why?

Options:
A Nitroethoxide ion and Ethoxide ion are two names of same structure
B Nitroethoxide ion is more stable than ethoxide ion due to +I effect of nitro group which decreases the negative charge of oxide ion of nitroethoxide ion leading to stability.
C The statement is false
D Nitroethoxide ion is more stable than ethoxide ion due to -I effect of nitro group which decreases the negative charge of oxide ion of nitroethoxide ion leading to stability.

The correct answer is:
Nitroethoxide ion is more stable than ethoxide ion due to -I effect of nitro group which decreases the negative charge of oxide ion of nitroethoxide ion leading to stability.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (D)
Nitroethoxide ion is more stable than ethoxide ion due to -I effect of nitro group which decreases the negative charge of oxide ion of nitroethoxide ion leading to stability.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
Which of the vitamins given below is water soluble?

Options:
A Vitamin K
B Vitamin C
C Vitamin D
D Vitamin E

The correct answer is:
Vitamin C

Solution:
B complex vitamins and vitamin C are water-soluble vitamins that are not stored in the body and must be replaced each day.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Which of these algae have a haplo-diplontic life cycle?

(i)	(ii)	(iii)	(iv)

Options:
A (i)
B (ii)
C (iii)
D (iv)

The correct answer is:
(iii)

Solution:
Most algal genera are haplontic, some of them such as Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia, Kelps are haplo-diplontic. Fucus, an alga is diplontic. Option (i) is Fucus which is a brown alga. Option (ii) is Chara which is a green alga. Option (iii) is Polysiphonia which is a red alga. Option (iv) is Volvox which is a green alga

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Which of these ancestors are not involved in the evolution of lycopods?

Options:
A chlorophyte ancestors
B rhynia type ancestors
C tracheophyte ancestors
D Zosterophyllum

The correct answer is:
rhynia type ancestors

Solution:
The evolution pathway of lycopods is chlorophyte ancestors - tracheophyte ancestors - zosterophyllum - arborescent lycopods - herbaceous lycopods. Bryophytes are evolved directly from chlorophyte ancestors. The evolution pathway of ferns and ginkgos is chlorophyte ancestors - tracheophyte ancestors - rhynia type ancestors - Psilophyton.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Which of these animals are placed in the same family but do not have the same genus?

Options:
A dog and cat
B tiger and dog
C dog and lion
D cat and leopard

The correct answer is:
cat and leopard

Solution:
Lion: Genus- Panthera, Family- Felidae
Tiger: Genus- Panthera, Family- Felidae
Leopard: Genus- Panthera, Family- Felidae
Cat: Genus- Felis, Family- Felidae
Dog: Genus- Canis, Family- Canidae

Topic: Biology, The Living World, NEET
Which of these animals has not evolved from Sauropsids?

Options:
A Tuataras
B Birds
C Mammals
D Lizards

The correct answer is:
Mammals

Solution:
A common ancestor (amniote) in the Carboniferous period gave rise to two groups: Sauropsid and Synapsid. Sauropsids evolved to form all reptiles and birds. Synapsids gave rise to mammals.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Which of these animals produce gametes by mitosis?

Options:
A Fruit flies
B Rats
C Grasshoppers
D Drones

The correct answer is:
Drones

Solution:
Drones or male honey bees are haploid having 16 chromosomes. They are produced from the eggs without fertilization (parthenogenesis). Since they have only one set of chromosomes they don't undergo meiosis. They produce gametes by mitosis.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Which of these apes is smallest in size?

Options:
A Gibbon
B Orangutan
C Chimpanzee
D Gorilla

The correct answer is:
Gibbon

Solution:
Gibbons belong to the group family Hylobatidae. It is family of smaller apes. Gorilla, chimpanzee and orangutans belong to the family Pongideae, which are larger apes.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Which of these are an incorrectly matched pair of the post-Mendelian phenomenon and its example?

Options:
A Incomplete dominance - Antirrhinum majus
B Co-dominance - The type of wings in Drosophila
C Pleiotropy - Sickle- cell anemia gene
D Polygenes - Wheat kernel colour

The correct answer is:
Co-dominance - The type of wings in Drosophila

Solution:
In incomplete dominance, the dominant gene is not fully expressed. It is seen in the flowers of snapdragon or Antirrhinum majus.
In pleiotropy, one gene controls two or more characters. The gene causing sickle- cell anemia is a pleiotropic gene. The sickle cell HbS allele also has a pleiotropic effect on the development of many tissue and organs such as bone, lungs, kidney, spleen, heart. When many genes control one character and they have an additive effect on it, they are called polygenes.
The color of the wheat kernel is controlled by two genes. Wings in Drosophila is an example of multiple allelism. There are different alleles in Drosophila for normal wings, notched wings, nicked wings, strap wings, and vestigial wings

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Which of these are common to hydrach succession and xerarch succession?

Options:
A Pioneer species
B Seral stages
C Climax community
D Area where succession begins

The correct answer is:
Climax community

Solution:
Hydrarch succession begins in water bodies and continues till mesic conditions are obtained. Xerarch succession begins in dry land and continues till mesic conditions are obtained. Mesic condition in both successions is the same, neither too dry nor too wet. The community here is in near equilibrium with the environment and is called the climax community. It is a forest.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Which of these are false statements about calcium?

I. It is required during the formation of the cell wall.
II. It accumulates in younger leaves.
III. Spindle fibres can't be formed without it.
IV. It is absolutely necessary for the synthesis of auxins.

Options:
A I and III
B II and IV
C II, III and IV
D I, II and IV

The correct answer is:
II and IV

Solution:
Calcium is required during the formation of the cell wall as calcium pectinate in the middle lamella. It is also required by dividing cells as it helps in the formation of spindle fibres. It is an immobile element and is accumulated in older leaves. Zinc is required for the synthesis of auxins.

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET
Which of these best describes how the substrate fits with the enzyme?

Options:
A The active site changes shape slightly to fit the substrate
B It is exactly into the non-active site
C Both (a) and (b)
D None of these

The correct answer is:
None of these

Solution:
According to induced fit theory, catalytic site of an enzyme undergoes conformational changes on coming in contact with a specific group of substrates so that the substrate can fit into the active site, forming ES complex. This explains group-specific nature of enzymes.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Which of these cell organelles found exclusively in eukaryotes is not membrane bound?

Options:
A Ribosomes
B Cilia
C Nucleolus
D Lysosome

The correct answer is:
Nucleolus

Solution:
The nucleolus, ribosomes, and centrioles are non-membrane bound cell organelles. Ribosomes are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The entire endomembranous system (ER, Golgi body, lysosome, vacuole), peroxisomes, cilia, flagella have a single membrane surrounding them. Mitochondria and nucleus are surrounded by two membranes.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Which of these cells are known to regulate cell-mediated immunity in the human body?

Options:
A Helper B-cells
B Killer B-cells
C Suppressor cells
D Suppressor T-cells

The correct answer is:
Suppressor T-cells

Solution:
Suppressor T (TS) cell is a type of white blood cell and is a lymphocyte. TS cells regulate the immune response and block the actions of other types of lymphocytes to keep the immune system from becoming over-active. Suppressor T cells are being studied in the treatment of cancer. These cells along with the other T-lymphocytes of different kinds (Helper T-cells) constitute the cell-mediated immunity of the body.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Which of these characters cannot be transferred from a male parent to a male progeny in Drosophila?

Options:
A Red body colour
B White eye colour
C Miniature wing
D All of these

The correct answer is:
All of these

Solution:
The genes for the body color, eye color and wing size are located on the X chromosome in Drosophila. Drosophila has XX-XY type of sex determination. A male progeny can receive the Y chromosome only from the male parent and X chromosome only from the female parent. Since the male progeny does not receive any X chromosome from the male parent, it cannot receive any of these genes.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Which of these characters selected by Mendel are located on the same chromosome?

Options:
A Seed color and seed shape
B Flower color and flower position
C Flower color and seed color
D Stem height and seed shape

The correct answer is:
Flower color and seed color

Solution:
Mendel selected seven characters of pea plant for his experiments. The characters and the chromosome are located on 4 different chromosomes 1, 4, 5, and 7.

Flower colour and seed colour on chromosome 1

Stem height, flower position, pod shape on chromosome 4

Pod colour and seed shape on chromosome 7.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Which of these children will always be homozygous for both the blood group alleles and the Rh blood group system?

Options:
A O Rh+ve child from O Rh+ve mother and O Rh-ve father
B A Rh-ve child from A Rh-ve mother and O Rh-ve father
C AB Rh+ve child from A Rh+ve mother and B Rh-ve father
D O Rh-ve child from O Rh-ve mother and O Rh-ve father

The correct answer is:
O Rh-ve child from O Rh-ve mother and O Rh-ve father

Solution:
Rh antigen follows normal Mendelian inheritance. If 'R' is the allele which produces Rhesus antigen and 'r' is the allele which doesn't, then a person with Rh+ve blood group can be RR or Rr while a person with Rh-ve blood group will always be rr (always homozygous). Person with A blood group may have genotype IAIA or IAIO. A person with AB blood group has genotype IAIB. A person with blood group O has genotype IOIO (always homozygous)
If the person is heterozygous for both blood group systems, genotype should be IAIB Rr (AB Rh+ve child)

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Which of these classes doesn't belong to the same superclass?

Options:
A Reptilia
B Aves
C Osteichthyes
D Amphibia

The correct answer is:
Osteichthyes

Solution:
Chordates are further classified as protochordate and vertebrates. Protochordate includes urochordates and cephalochordates. Vertebrates are classified as superclass Pisces and superclass Tetrapods. Tetrapods are divided into classes Amphibians, Reptiles, Aves and Mammals. Pisces include Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Which of these combinations is correct about protozoans?

Options:
A Entamoeba - Sporozoan; Paramecium - Ciliated protozoan
B Plasmodium - Sporozoan; Trypanosoma - Ciliated protozoan
C Paramecium - Ciliated protozoan; Trypanosoma - Flagellated protozoan
D Entamoeba - Ciliated protozoan; Plasmodium - Flagellated protozoan

The correct answer is:
Paramecium - Ciliated protozoan; Trypanosoma - Flagellated protozoan

Solution:
Entamoeba is an intestinal parasite in humans and is a part of amoeboid protozoans. Plasmodium causes malaria and is a sporozoan since it has a spore-like infective stage in its life cycle. Trypanosoma which causes sleeping sickness has flagella, and hence, it is a flagellated protozoan. Paramecium is an aquatic, actively moving organism because of the presence of thousands of cilia. Hence, it is a ciliated protozoan.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Which of these compounds will not form tribromo derivative?

Options:
A Anisole
B Phenol
C O-cresol
D Salicylic acid

The correct answer is:
O-cresol

Solution:
Here O-cresol can not form tribromo derivative while all other can form it as follows

Topic: Chemistry, Alcohols Phenols and Ethers, NEET
Which of these conclusions drawn by Cornelius van Neil in his experiment on purple-sulphur bacteria is correct?

Options:
A He inferred that the oxygen in plants comes from water, which was later proved using radioisotope techniques.
B He demonstrated that photosynthesis is essentially a light-independent reaction.
C In purple sulphur bacteria, the oxidation products are oxygen and sulphates.
D Water is the hydrogen donor in purple sulphur bacteria.

The correct answer is:
He inferred that the oxygen in plants comes from water, which was later proved using radioisotope techniques.

Solution:
Cornelius van Niel (1897-1985), based on his studies of purple and green bacteria, demonstrated that photosynthesis is essentially a light-dependent reaction in which hydrogen from a suitable oxidisable compound reduces carbon dioxide to carbohydrates.
In green plants, H2O is the hydrogen donor and is oxidised to O2. Some organisms do not release O2 during photosynthesis. When H2S, instead is the hydrogen donor for purple and green sulphur bacteria, the âoxidationâ product is sulphur or sulphate depending on the organism and not O2. Hence, he inferred that the O2 evolved by the green plant comes from H2O, not from carbon dioxide. This was later proved by using radioisotopic techniques.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Which of these conditions is autosomal dominant?

Options:
A Phenylketonuria
B Huntington's disease
C Cystic fibrosis
D Alzheimer's disease

The correct answer is:
Huntington's disease

Solution:
Phenylketonuria, cystic fibrosis, and Alzheimer's disease are caused due to autosomal recessive gene present on chromosome numbers 4, 7, and 19 respectively. Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant disorder in which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. It is caused due to a defective gene present on chromosome 4. There is a gradual degradation of brain tissue during middle age leading to consequent shrinkage of the brain.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Which of these crosses will be performed to determine whether the genotype of the tall pea plant is TT or Tt?

Options:
A Reciprocal cross
B Dihybrid cross
C Test cross
D Back cross

The correct answer is:
Test cross

Solution:
A test cross is a cross carried out to examine and identify whether the organism is heterozygous or not. In it, the organisms is crossed with the recessive homozygous as it will ensure the expression of the dominant character in heterozygous form for F1 generation enabling us to know the zygosity.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Which of these cyclopropene systems is aromatic ?

Options:
A I
B II
C III
D All of these

The correct answer is:
III

Solution:
non-aromatic as saturated C has sp3 hybridization thus the molecule is non-planar.
It has 4Ï e â those can be localised. Here, it does not obey Huckel's rule of aromaticity and hence non-aromatic.
No. of pi electrons = 2 (4 x 0 + 2) and all carbons are sp2 hybridised making the compound planar. Hence, it is an aromatic.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET