datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Plastids are not found in

Options:
A fungi
B bacteria
C blue-green algae
D all of these

The correct answer is:
all of these

Solution:
Plastids a double membrane organelles responsible for manufacturing and storing food in plant cells and few other eukaryotic organisms. These structures bear some specific pigments that are used in the process of photosynthesis and impart specific colors to the plants. They are not found in prokaryotes like bacteria and blue-green algae and fungi which are heterotrophic eukaryotes.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Plastids differ from mitochondria on the basis of following features? Mark the right answer.

Options:
A Presence of two layers of membrane
B Presence of ribosome
C Presence of thylakoids
D Presence of DNA

The correct answer is:
Presence of thylakoids

Solution:
Thylakoids are present in plastids but not in mitochondria. Both plastids and mitochondria are similar in presence of two layers of membrane, presence of ribosome and presence of DNA.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Plastids that stores oils and fats are

Options:
A Amyloplasts
B Chromoplasts
C Elaioplasts
D Aleuroplasts

The correct answer is:
Elaioplasts

Solution:
In the chromoplasts fat-soluble carotenoid pigments like carotene, xanthophylls and others are present. This gives the part of the plant a yellow, orange, or red colour. The leucoplasts are the colourless plastids of varied shapes and sizes with stored nutrients: Amyloplasts store carbohydrates (starch), e.g., potato; elaioplasts store oils and fats whereas the aleuroplasts store proteins.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Platinised asbestos is used as catalyst for which of following reactions

Options:
A Ostwald's process, contact process
B Contact process, Haber's process
C Habers’s process, Ostwald’s Process
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Ostwald's process, contact process

Solution:
Correct Option is : 1
Ostwald's process, contact process

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, NEET
Plot the variation of emf across the inductor with respect to time

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
εL=ε0e-tτ
When current is allowed to flow through coil.
Therefore the graph is

Topic: Physics, Alternating Current, NEET
Plotting log10t1/2 against log10[A0] (where A0 is the initial concentration of a reactant) for a first order reaction the slope will be

Options:
A -2
B Zero
C +1
D -1

The correct answer is:
Zero

Solution:
The t1/2 of a first order reaction is independent of the initial concentration of the reactants.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Kinetics, NEET
Pneumatic bones are expected to be found in

Options:
A Pigeon
B House lizard
C Frog's tadpole
D Flying fish

The correct answer is:
Pigeon

Solution:
Bones of class aves are pneumatic. These bones contain air cavities to reduce body weight, thus they aid in flight.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Pneumatophores are common in plants growing in saline marshy/swampy area along seashores and estuaries. Select the CORRECT statement about such roots.

Options:
A These are modifications of adventitious root system.
B These are positively geotropic.
C These are negatively geotropic.
D None is correct

The correct answer is:
These are negatively geotropic.

Solution:
The root is the underground part of the plant and it may of two types i.e.tap root and adventitious root. If root arises from radicle is called tap root and if root arises from other than radicals then it is called adventitious roots. Pneumatophores are found in those plants that grow in saline marshy/swampy areas. These are erect roots that rise up above the soil or water so they are negative geotropic roots and promote gas exchange. It is found in Mangroves plants.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Pneumatophores are seen in

Options:
A Sweet potato
B Turnip
C Rhizophora
D Carrot

The correct answer is:
Rhizophora

Solution:
In some plants such as Rhizophora, growing in swampy areas, many roots come out of the ground and grow vertically upwards. Such roots, called pneumatophores, help to get oxygen for respiration.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET
Pneumatophores occur in:

Options:
A Carnivorous plants
B Free-floating hydrophytes
C Halophytes
D Submerged hydrophytes

The correct answer is:
Halophytes

Solution:
Pneumatophores are extremely specialised aerial roots that stem out from a subterranean root system. They enable plants to utilise the air in waterlogged soil habitats. These roots are modified and show negative geotropism. These plants absorb oxygen from the air through their pneumatophores. The oxygen absorbed by the pneumatophores helps in the respiration of the underground tissues for their growth.

It is commonly found in mangrove species and are known as breathing roots.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2018
Pneumonia is caused by _____ bacteria.

Options:
A Treponema pallidum
B Neisseria gonorrhoeae
C Chlamydia trachomatis
D Haemophilus influenza

The correct answer is:
Haemophilus influenza

Solution:
Bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are responsible for the disease pneumonia in humans, which infects the alveoli (air-filled sacs) of the lungs. As a result of the infection, the alveoli get filled with fluid leading to severe problems in respiration. The symptoms of pneumonia include fever, chills, cough and headache. In severe cases, the lips and fingernails may turn grey to bluish in colour. A healthy person acquires the infection by inhaling the droplets/aerosols released by an infected person or even by sharing utensils with an infected person.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Pneumonia is caused by

Options:
A The organism from which the first restriction enzyme was isolated
B Bacterium used in Griffith's experiment
C The virus used in Hershey Chase experiment
D Both (A) and (B)

The correct answer is:
Both (A) and (B)

Solution:
Pneumonia:
Causative organism: Bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza.
Mode of infection: By inhaling the droplets, aerosols released by an infected person. By sharing glasses and utensils with an infected person.
Pathway: Entry of pathogen in respiratory tract â Infection of alveoli â Alveoli get filled with fluid â Severe breathing problems.
Sign and symptoms: Fever, chills, cough, and headache. Lips and fingernails may turn gray to bluish in severe cases.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Pneumotoxic centre which can moderate the functions of the respiratory rhythm centre is present at

Options:
A Pons region in brain
B Thalamus
C Spinal cord
D Right cerebral hemisphere

The correct answer is:
Pons region in brain

Solution:
Pneumotoxic centre which can moderate the functions of the respiratory rhythm centre is present in the pons region of the brain. Neural signals from this centre can reduce the duration of inspiration and there by alter the respiration rate.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Point charges q, -q, 2Q and Q are placed in order at the corners A, B, C and D of a square of side 2b. If the field at the midpoint of CD is zero, then qQ is

Options:
A 1
B 2
C 225
D 552

The correct answer is:
552

Solution:
E=EC-ED-EAcos⁡θ-EBcos⁡θ
k2Qb2-kQb2=2×kqbb2+4b232
⇒Q=2q55

Topic: Physics, Electrostatics, NEET
Point masses m1 and m2 are placed at the opposite ends of rigid rod of length L , and negligible mass. The rod is to be set rotating about an axis perpendicular to it. The position of point L on this rod through which the axis should pass so that the work required to set the rod rotating with angular velocity ω0 is minimum, is given by:

Options:
A x=m1m2L
B x=m2m1L
C x=m2Lm1+m2
D x=m1Lm!+m2

The correct answer is:
x=m2Lm1+m2

Solution:
K.E.=12I ω2
I is min. about the centre of mass
So, m1x=m2L-x
x=m2Lm1+m2

Topic: Physics, Center of Mass Momentum and Collision, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 2)
Point mutation involves

Options:
A insertion
B change in single base pair
C duplication
D deletion

The correct answer is:
change in single base pair

Solution:
The point mutations involve alterations in the structure of gene by altering the structure of DNA. Point mutations are of two types-(i) base pair substitution and (ii) frameshift substitution.
Insertion is the addition of one or more nitrogenous bases to a nucleotide chain.
Duplication is the presence of one block of genes more than once in a haploid component.
Deletion is the removal of one or more nitrogenous bases from a nucleotide chain.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Polar molecules are the molecules:

Options:
A Having zero dipole moment.
B Acquire a dipole moment only in the presence of electric field due to displacement of charges.
C Acquire a dipole moment only when magnetic field is absent.
D Having a permanent electric dipole moment.

The correct answer is:
Having a permanent electric dipole moment.

Solution:
A polar molecule is a molecule in which one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end is slightly negative. Therefore, these molecules have permanent electric dipole moment.

Topic: Physics, Electrostatics, NEET, NEET 2021
Pollen germination can be prominently seen in

Options:
A rose
B hibiscus
C Eucalyptus
D Crotalaria

The correct answer is:
Crotalaria

Solution:
Pollen germination can be easily studied by dusting some pollen from flowers such as pea, chickpea, Crotalaria, balsam and Vinca on a glass slide containing a drop of sugar solution (about 10 per cent). After about 15–30 minutes, observe the slide under the low power lens of the microscope. You are likely to see pollen tubes coming out of the pollen grains.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Pollen grains are well preserved as fossils because of the presence of:

Options:
A Intine
B Pectine
C Cellulose
D Sporopollenin

The correct answer is:
Sporopollenin

Solution:
Pollen grains are surrounded by outer wall called as exine which is made up of sporopollenin. It is hardest most resistant biological material, which cannot be degraded by enzyme acid or base. Pollen grains are well preserved as fossil due to sporopollenin.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Pollen grains can be preserved as fossil because

Options:
A they vary from species to species.
B they have a wide variety of architecture.
C their wall is made up of sporopollenin.
D they exhibit a fascinating array of patterns and design.

The correct answer is:
their wall is made up of sporopollenin.

Solution:
Pollen grain has a outer covering called exine that is made up of a thick layer made up of sporopollenin. The exine is discontinuous in some regions where sporopollenin is absent. Also, sporopollenin is one of the most resistant known biological material. As a result, pollen grains can preserved as fossil.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Pollen grains can be stored for several years in liquid nitrogen having a temperature of

Options:
A -196oC
B -80oC
C -120oC
D -160oC

The correct answer is:
-196oC

Solution:
Storing pollen grains in -196oC in liquid nitrogen is called cryopreservation.
It is a process where organelles, cells, tissues, extracellular matrix, organs or any other biological constructs susceptible to damage caused by unregulated chemical kinetics are preserved by cooling to very low temperatures.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2018
Pollen grains of a plant 2n=28 are cultured to get callus by tissue culture. What would be the number of chromosomes in the cells of callus?

Options:
A 56
B 28
C 21
D 14

The correct answer is:
14

Solution:
Pollen grains are formed by meiotic division of microspore mother cell. It contains half of the chromosome of parent cell. Parent plant cell (2n) has 28 chromosomes. Thus, pollen grain will have half the genetic content, that is 'n'. Therefore, it will have 14 chromosome.
Plant tissue culture is a process of growing plant cell in an artificial nutrient medium. The plant part in the media divides to form a mass of cell called callus. The cells leading to callus formation, divide mitotically. Hence, the number of chromosome in the cells of callus formed from pollen grain will have the same genetic content that is 14 chromosome.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
Pollen tablets are available in the market for:

Options:
A in-vitro fertilization
B Breeding program
C Supplementing food
D ex-situ conservation

The correct answer is:
Supplementing food

Solution:
The pollen grains are rich in nutrients (proteins-7 to 26%, carbohydrates-24-48%, fats-0.9 to 14.5%) and hence can be taken as tablets or syrups to improve health, enhance performance of athletes and race horses.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2014
Pollen tube at the time of entering embryo sac has

Options:
A Four gametes
B Three male gametes
C Two male gametes
D One gametic nucleus

The correct answer is:
Two male gametes

Solution:
Pollen tube contains two male gametes, a degenerating tube nucleus and some cytoplasm.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Pollination basically refers to the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma. Pollination is of many types. The types of pollination depend on

Options:
A shape of pollen grain
B size of pollen grain
C source of pollen grain
D size of flower

The correct answer is:
source of pollen grain

Solution:
Types of Pollination	Description

1. Autogamy	It refers to the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower.

2. Geitono- gamy	It refers to the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of another flower of the same plant. It is functionally cross-pollination (involving a pollinating agent) and genetically autogamy.

3. Xenogamy	It refers to the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a different plant. It involves the transfer of genetically different types of pollen grains to the stigma.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Pollination between flowers borne on two different plants of the same species refers to

Options:
A Geitonogamy
B Xenogamy
C Cleistogamy
D Herkogamy

The correct answer is:
Xenogamy

Solution:
Pollination is the process of transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma of the female reproductive organ. If the transfer is to a different flower of different plant then it is considered to be cross pollination. It is also called xenogamy.
If the transfer of pollen grain is between the neighboring flowers of same plant then it is called geitonogamy.
Self pollination and fertilization occurring in a closed flower is termed cleistogamy. Herkogamy is a technique to ensure cross pollination using mechanical barrier.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Pollination in Ophrys, a Mediterranean orchid (see figure below) occurs by

Options:
A insects using the fruit as an oviposition site
B insects feeding on its nectar for nutrition
C pseudocopulation performed by insect pollinators
D bees due to the fragrance emitted by the orchid

The correct answer is:
pseudocopulation performed by insect pollinators

Solution:
Orchids show a bewildering diversity of floral patterns many of which have evolved to attract the right pollinator insect (bees and bumblebees) and ensure guaranteed pollination by it. Not all orchids offer rewards. The Mediterranean orchid Ophrys employs ‘sexual deceit’ to get pollination done by a species of bee. One petal of its flower bears an uncanny resemblance to the female of the bee in size, colour and markings. The male bee is attracted to what it perceives as a female, ‘pseudocopulates’ with the flower, and during that process is dusted with pollen from the flower. When this same bee ‘pseudocopulates’ with another flower, it transfers pollen to it and thus, pollinates the flower.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Pollination in Vallisneria is

Options:
A Entomophily
B Epihydrophily
C Hypohydrophily
D Myrmecophily

The correct answer is:
Epihydrophily

Solution:
Entomophily is pollination by insects. Myrmecophily is pollination by ants. The pollination which takes place on the surface of the water is called epihydrophily. The pollination which takes place inside the water is called hypohydrophily. In Vallisneria, the female flower reaches the surface of the water by the long stalk and the male flowers or pollen grains are released on to the surface of the water. Thus, it shows epihydrophily.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Pollination in water hyacinth and water lily is brought about by the agency of:

Options:
A Water
B Insects or wind
C Birds
D Bats

The correct answer is:
Insects or wind

Solution:
Most aquatic plants have flowers that grow into the air, where they are pollinated by insects. Water hyacinth and water lily are aquatic plants that are pollinated by insect or wind.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 2)
Pollination in water hyacinth is through

Options:
A Air
B Water
C Insect
D Carrion flies

The correct answer is:
Insect

Solution:
Pollination in water hyacinth takes place through insect although these plants are aquatic but they are pollinated by insects.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Pollination is essential in angiosperm plants because

Options:
A it decreases the time required for fertilization
B both of the male and female gametes are non-motile and they need to be brought together for fertilization
C it is a time taking process
D both a and b

The correct answer is:
both of the male and female gametes are non-motile and they need to be brought together for fertilization

Solution:
When the pollen grain is transferred from the anther to the stigma of the flower is called pollination. The male and female gametes of the angiosperms are non-motile and thus depend on the pollination process for transfer and are brought together for fertilization. For pollination, external agents like abiotic or biotic are required.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Pollination is essential in angiospermic plants because

Options:
A it decreases the time required for fertilization.
B both of the male and female gametes are non-motile and they need to be brought together for fertilization.
C it is a useless process that does not affect the time of fertilization.
D Both A and B

The correct answer is:
both of the male and female gametes are non-motile and they need to be brought together for fertilization.

Solution:
In angiosperm both male gamete and female gamete are non motile. Male gamete is produced inside pollen grain and female gamete is produced inside embryo sac which is present inside the ovule. Thus to bring about fertilization transfer of gametes is brought about by pollination.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Pollination that occurs in closed flowers is known as

Options:
A Allogamy
B Cleistogamy
C Dicliny
D Protogyny

The correct answer is:
Cleistogamy

Solution:
Cleistogamy (kleisto-closed, gamous marriage) ​self-fertilization that occurs within a permanently closed flower.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Polling process is used for

Options:
A The removal of Cu 2 O from Cu
B The removal of Al2O3 from Al
C The removal of Fe2O3 from Fe
D All of these

The correct answer is:
The removal of Cu 2 O from Cu

Solution:
When impure metal has impurity of its own metal oxide, then poling process is used, i.g., impure Cu and Sn are purified by this method.

Topic: Chemistry, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals, NEET
Polling process is used for

Options:
A The removal of CuO from Cu
B The removal of Al2O3 from Al
C The removal of Fe2O3 from Fe
D All of these

The correct answer is:
The removal of CuO from Cu

Solution:
Polling process is used for the removal of CuO from Cu . In polling Cu and CuO are placed among green wood where hydrocarbon gases reduce CuO into Cu.

Topic: Chemistry, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals, NEET
Pollutants from man's activities like effluents from the industries and homes can radically accelerate the ageing process known as:

Options:
A Biomagnification
B BOD
C Acclerated Eutrophication
D COD

The correct answer is:
Acclerated Eutrophication

Solution:
Pollutants from man’s activities like effluents from the industries and homes can radically accelerate the ageing process. This phenomenon has been called cultural or accelerated eutrophication.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
Pollution is any undesirable change in

Options:
A physical nature
B chemical nature
C biological nature
D all of these

The correct answer is:
all of these

Solution:
Pollution is any undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological nature/characteristics of air, land and water.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) is a copolymer of _______ .

Options:
A 3-hydroxybutanoic acid and 4- hydroxypentanoic acid
B 2-hydroxybutanoic acid and 3- hydroxypentanoic acid
C 3-hydroxybutanoic acid and 2- hydroxypentanoic acid
D 3-hydroxybutanoic acid and 3- hydroxypentanoic acid

The correct answer is:
3-hydroxybutanoic acid and 3- hydroxypentanoic acid

Solution:
PHBV is obtained by copolymerization of 3-Hydroxybutanoic acid and 3-Hydroxy-pentanoic acid.

Topic: Chemistry, Polymers, NEET
Polyblend, a fine powder of recycled modified plastic, has proved to be a good material for:

Options:
A Making plastic sacks
B Use as a fertilizer
C Construction of roads
D Making tubes and pipes

The correct answer is:
Construction of roads

Solution:
The polyblend is a fine powder of recycled modified plastic developed by a Bangalore-based company. This mixture is mixed with the bitumen that is used to lay roads.
The Plastic sack manufacturer in Bangalore has managed to find the ideal solution to the ever-increasing problem of accumulating plastic waste. Polyblend and bitumen, when used to lay roads, enhanced the water repellant properties of bitumen and helped to increase the road life by a factor of three.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET, NEET 2019 (All India)
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are
I. non-carcinogenic in nature
II. carcinogenic in nature
III. used as cleansing solvent
Choose the correct options

Options:
A Both I and III
B Both II and III
C only II
D only III

The correct answer is:
Both II and III

Solution:
Various industrial chemicals like polychlorinated biphenyls is (PCBs) which are used as cleansing solvent, detergents and fertilisers add to list of water pollutants. PCBs are suspected to be carcinogenic.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET
Polydipsia, hyperglycemia and polyuria occur due to

Options:
A Undersecretion of insulin
B Undersecretion of thyroxine
C Undersecretion of oestrogen
D Hypersecretion of glucagon

The correct answer is:
Undersecretion of insulin

Solution:
Pancreas is composite or heterocrine glands as they contain both endocrine and exocrine glandular tissues. Endocrine tissue is made up of small clusters of cells known as Islets of Langerhans which has two types of cells: Alpha cells that secrete glucagon and Beta cells that secrete insulin. Both these hormones together carry out Glucose metabolism. Glucagon carries out glycogenolysis and Insulin is responsible for cellular uptake of glucose. If insulin levels are not adequate the cellular uptake of glucose is affected or in other words transport of glucose from blood into cells is affected due to which blood glucose level rises. This is known as Diabetes mellitus. Polyuria (increase urination), Polydipsia (increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger are symptoms of diabetes mellitus)

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET