datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
According to Oparin, which one of the following was not present in the primitive atmosphere of the earth?

Options:
A methane
B oxygen
C hydrogen
D water vapour.

The correct answer is:
oxygen

Solution:
According to Oparin, the atmosphere of primitive earth was reducing because $\mathrm{H}$ atoms were most numerous and most reactive. Large quantities of $\mathrm{H}_2, \mathrm{~N}_2$, water vapour $\mathrm{CO}_2, \mathrm{CH}_4$ and $\mathrm{NH}_3$ were present, but free oxygen was not present in significant amount.
Related Theory
Oparin and Haldane suggested that life originated from non-living organic molecules like proteins and RNA. This was followed by the theory of chemical evolution which suggested that atmospheric conditions of earth led to the formation of organic molecules from inorganic molecules.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET, NEET 2004
According to Raoult's law, what is the relationship between the partial vapor pressure of each component and its mole fraction in the solution?

Options:
A The partial vapor pressure is inversely proportional to the mole fraction.
B The partial vapor pressure is directly proportional to the mole fraction.
C The partial vapor pressure is unrelated to the mole fraction.
D The partial vapor pressure is a constant value for all components.

The correct answer is:
The partial vapor pressure is directly proportional to the mole fraction.

Solution:
Raoult's law states that for a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapor pressure of each component of the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction present in the solution.

Topic: Chemistry, Solutions, NEET
According to R.H. Whittaker's five-kingdom classification, how many of the following are placed in kingdom Protista?

Chlorella, Riccia, Pisum, Chlamydomonas, Cycas, Pteridium, Capsella, Gonyaulax, Euglena Amoeba, Physarum, Fucus, Chara.

Options:
A Seven
B Eight
C Nine
D Six

The correct answer is:
Six

Solution:
According to R. H. Whittaker five kingdom classification all unicellular eukaryotes are placed in kingdom protista. So Chlorella, Chlamydomonas, Gonyaulax, Euglena, Amoeba and physarum ( slime moulds) are placed in kingdom protista.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
According to 'Rivet Popper hypothesis', the popping of rivets means:

Options:
A Origin of species
B Extinction of species
C Environmental factors
D Replacement of one species by another

The correct answer is:
Extinction of species

Solution:
Rivet popper hypothesis was proposed by Stanford ecologist Paul Ehlrich. He considered aeroplane as an ecosystem and all the rivets used to join different parts as a species. If every passanger travelling in plane takes a rivet home causing extinction of a species than it will affect functioning of flight, but removal of the rivets from wings, which drives the plane will affect the functioning directly. Such species which directly affects the functioning of ecosystem are called as keystone species.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
According to Robert May, the global species diversity is about

Options:
A 20 million
B 50 million
C 7 million
D 1.5 million

The correct answer is:
7 million

Solution:
For many taxonomic groups, inventories are more complete in temperature than in tropical countries. Estimates are made of their number in the tropics on the basis of temperature tropical species richness of some exhaustively studied’ groups like insects.
According to various calculations by scientists, the total number of species in the world ranges from 20 to 50 million. Robert May, with his conservative and scientifically sound estimate, places the number of global species diversity at about 7 million.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET, NEET 2020 (Phase 1)
According to Stefan's law of radiation, a black body radiates energy σT⁴ from its unit surface area every second, where T is the surface temperature of the black body. A nuclear weapon may be thought of as a ball of radius 0.5 m. When detonated, it reaches a temperature of 10⁶ K and can be treated as a black body.If surrounding has water at 30 C° , how much water can 10% of the energy produced evaporate in 1 s? [Lw=4186.0 J/kg K andLv=22.6× 105J/kg ]

Options:
A 7×108kg
B 7×109kg
C 8×108kg
D 8×109kg

The correct answer is:
7×109kg

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
7×109kg

Topic: Chemistry, Thermal Properties of Matter, NEET
According to Stefan's law of radiation, a black body radiates energy σT⁴ from its unit surface area every second, where T is the surface temperature of the black body. A nuclear weapon may be thought of as a ball of radius 0.5 m. When detonated, it reaches a temperature of 10⁶ K and can be treated as a black body. Estimate the power it radiates.

Options:
A 1.8 × 10¹⁷ J/S
B 2.8 × 10¹⁷ J/S
C 1.2 × 10¹⁷ J/S
D 2.5 × 10¹⁷ J/S

The correct answer is:
1.8 × 10¹⁷ J/S

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
1.8 × 10¹⁷ J/S

Topic: Chemistry, Thermal Properties of Matter, NEET
According to Susruta Samhita (600 B.C.), the four division of the plants are,

Options:
A Vanaspathi, Vrksa, Sasya and Osadhi
B Vanaspathi, Vrksa, Virudha and Osadhi
C Vanaspathi, Bheej, Virudha and Osadhi
D Vanaspathi, Vrksa, Virudha and Utpathi

The correct answer is:
Vanaspathi, Vrksa, Virudha and Osadhi

Solution:
According to Susruta Samhita (600 B.C.), the four division of the plants are, Vanaspati (fruit yielding non-flowering plant), Vrksa ( both fruit yielding and flowering plants), Virudha (shrubs and creepers), and the fourth type of category of plants are Osadhi (plants that die with a ripening of fruits).

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
According to the 2011 census, the population growth rate in India was?

Options:
A Less than 2%
B 3-4 %
C Negative
D More than 5 %

The correct answer is:
Less than 2%

Solution:
According to the 2011 census report, the population growth rate was less than 2%. This is a rate at which our population could double in the next 25-30 years. Such an alarming growth rate could lead to an absolute scarcity of even the basic requirements, i.e., food, shelter, and clothing, in spite of significant progress made in those areas. Therefore, the government was forced to take up serious measures to check this population growth rate.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
According to the ABO system, the commonest blood group in the human population is (X) while the rarest blood group is (Y). If the wife has (X) blood group and the husband has (Y) blood group, their children will have which of the following blood groups?

Options:
A AB and O groups only
B AB only
C A and B groups only
D All four groups

The correct answer is:
A and B groups only

Solution:
According to the ABO system, the commonest blood group is the human population is O while the rarest blood group is AB. ABO blood group is controlled by gene I and its types are IA, IB, and IO.
Wife has AB blood group, so her genotype is IA IB
Husband has O blood group, so his genotype is IO IO
Thus their children could have either IA IO (A blood group) or IB IO (B blood group)

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
According to the accepted concept of hormone action, if receptor molecules are removed from target organs, then the target organ will

Options:
A Not respond to the hormone
B Continue to respond to the hormone without any difference
C Continue to respond to the hormone but in the opposite way
D Continue to respond to the hormone but will require higher concentration

The correct answer is:
Not respond to the hormone

Solution:
The hormones in blood act on specific sites or receptors of target organ, so if we remove the receptor molecule from the target organs, there will be no response.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
According to the adsorption theory of catalysis, the rate of reaction increases because

Options:
A adsorption lowers the activation energy of the reaction
B concentration of reactant molecules at the active centres of the catalyst becomes high due to adsorption
C adsorption produces heat which increases the rate of reaction
D adsorption increases the activation energy of the reaction

The correct answer is:
concentration of reactant molecules at the active centres of the catalyst becomes high due to adsorption

Solution:
According to the adsorption theory of catalysis, the rate of reaction increases because concentration of reactant molecules at the active centres of the catalyst becomes high due to adsorption.

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, NEET
According to the adsorption theory of catalysis, the speed of the reaction increases because

Options:
A the concentration of reactant molecules at the active centres of the catalyst becomes high due to adsorption
B in the process of adsorption, the activation energy of the molecules becomes large
C adsorption produces heat which increases the speed of the reaction
D adsorption lower the activation energy of the reaction

The correct answer is:
adsorption lower the activation energy of the reaction

Solution:
According to the adsorption theory of catalysis, the reactants in their gaseous state or in their dissolved state in any solution get adsorbed on the surface of a suitable catalyst in its solid state. As a result of the increase in the concentration of the reactants on the surface of the catalyst, availability, and probability of the occurrence of a reaction between two species increases, and thus the rate of the reaction increases.

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, NEET, NEET 2003
According to the Arrhenius concept, what characterizes strong acids in an aqueous medium?

Options:
A They do not dissociate into ions.
B They partially dissociate into ions.
C They are almost completely dissociated into ions.
D They act as proton acceptors.

The correct answer is:
They are almost completely dissociated into ions.

Solution:
According to the Arrhenius concept, strong acids are characterized by being almost completely dissociated into their constituent ions in an aqueous medium.

Topic: Chemistry, Ionic Equilibrium, NEET
According to the arrow sequence method, what is the order of filling orbitals?

Options:
A From bottom left to top right.
B From left to right.
C From right top to bottom left.
D From top to bottom.

The correct answer is:
From right top to bottom left.

Solution:
"Starting from the top, the direction of the arrows gives the order of filling of orbitals, that is starting from right top to bottom left."

Topic: Chemistry, Structure of Atom, NEET
According to the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases, is it possible to liquefy an ideal gas?

Options:
A Yes, it is possible to liquefy an ideal gas.
B No, it is not possible to liquefy an ideal gas.
C Liquefaction depends on temperature and pressure.
D Liquefaction depends on the specific gas involved.

The correct answer is:
No, it is not possible to liquefy an ideal gas.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
No, it is not possible to liquefy an ideal gas.

Topic: Chemistry, States of Matter, NEET
According to the Bohr model, what determines the shortest wavelength in a given series of wavelengths emitted by the atom?

Options:
A The quantum number ni that identifies the higher energy level from which the electron falls into a lower energy level.
B The quantum number nf that identifies the lower energy level into which the electron falls from a higher energy level.
C The ratio nfni, where nf is the quantum number that identifies the lower energy level into which the electron falls and ni is the quantum number that identifies the higher level from which the electron falls.
D The sum nf+ni of two quantum numbers, where nf identifies the lower energy level into which the electron falls and ni identifies the higher level from which the electron falls.

The correct answer is:
The quantum number nf that identifies the lower energy level into which the electron falls from a higher energy level.

Solution:
The shortest wavelength λ shortest in a given series can be calculated 1λshortest=RZ2nf2, where R is the Rydberg constant and Z is the number of protons in the nucleus.

Topic: Physics, Atomic Physics, NEET
According to the Born-Haber Cycle, what is the relationship between the sum of enthalpy changes around the cycle and the lattice enthalpy (∆latticeH)?

Options:
A The sum of enthalpy changes around the cycle is greater than the lattice enthalpy.
B The sum of enthalpy changes around the cycle is smaller than the lattice enthalpy.
C The sum of enthalpy changes around the cycle is equal to zero.
D The sum of enthalpy changes around the cycle is equal to the heat of combustion.

The correct answer is:
The sum of enthalpy changes around the cycle is equal to zero.

Solution:
The Born-Haber Cycle is constructed in such a way that the sum of enthalpy changes around the cycle is zero, in accordance with Hess's law.

Topic: Chemistry, Thermodynamics (C), NEET
According to the Brönsted-Lowry theory, what is an acid capable of doing?

Options:
A Donating a hydroxide ion (OH-)
B Donating a hydrogen ion (H+)
C Accepting a hydrogen ion (H+)
D Accepting a hydroxide ion (OH-)

The correct answer is:
Donating a hydrogen ion (H+)

Solution:
According to the Brönsted-Lowry theory, an acid is capable of donating a hydrogen ion (H+).

Topic: Chemistry, Ionic Equilibrium, NEET
According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the size of particulate matter (in micrometres) that can cause harm to humans is

Options:
A 1.5 or less
B 1.0 or less
C 5.2-2.5
D 2.5 or less

The correct answer is:
2.5 or less

Solution:
According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), particulate size 2.5 micrometres or less in diameter (PM 2.5) are responsible for causing the greatest harm to human health. These fine particulates can be inhaled deep into the lungs and can cause breathing and respiratory symptoms, irritation, inflammations and damage to the lungs and premature deaths.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
According to the Central Pollution Control Board PM 2.5 are responsible for causing the greatest harm to human health. PM 2.5 stands for

Options:
A Particulate matter which are 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter
B Particulate matter which are 2.5 micrometers or more in diameter
C Particulate matter which are 2.5 nanometers or less in diameter
D Particulate matter which are 2.5 nanometers or more in diameter

The correct answer is:
Particulate matter which are 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter

Solution:
According to Central Pollution Control Board, PM 2.5 are responsible for causing the greatest harm to human health as these fine particulates can be inhaled deep into the lungs and can cause breathing and respiratory symptoms, irritation, inflammations and damage to the lungs and premature deaths. PM 2.5 stands for a particulate matter which is 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis of ATP formation in the chloroplast, which one does not contribute to the development of proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane?

Options:
A Splitting of water
B Reduction of NADP+ to NADPHÂ +Â H+
C Reduction of NAD+ to NADH + H+
D Removal of H+ from stroma while transporting electron

The correct answer is:
Reduction of NAD+ to NADH + H+

Solution:
NAD+ is not associated with ETS in chloroplast.
According to chemiosmotic hypothesis of ATP formation in chloroplast, reduction of NAD+ to NADH + H+ does not contribute to develop proton gradient across thylakoid membrane.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
According to the concept of law of mass action, the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to

Options:
A Concentration of reactants
B Concentration of products
C Product of activemasses of reactant raised to a power equal to their stoichiometry coefficient
D Molar concentration of products

The correct answer is:
Product of activemasses of reactant raised to a power equal to their stoichiometry coefficient

Solution:
According to law of mass-action, “at a given temperature, the rate of a reaction at a particular instant is proportional to the product of the active masses of the reactants at that instant raised to powers which are numerically equal to the numbers of their respective molecules in the stoichiometric equation describing the reaction”.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Kinetics, NEET
According to the concept of species-area relationship:

Options:
A The number of species in an area increases with the size of the area .
B The value of Z lies in the range of 0.3 to 0.4, regardless of the taxonomic group or the region.
C The relationship is for a rectangular hyperbola curve is described by the equation log S = log C + Z log A.
D The larger the area the greater the extinction rate.

The correct answer is:
The number of species in an area increases with the size of the area .

Solution:
German naturalist and geographer Alexander von Humboldt, after his studies in south american jungles, observed that within a specific region species richness is increased with increasing area, but only up to a limit. Exactly the relation between species richness and area for a wide variety of taxa (angiosperm plants, birds, bats, freshwater fishes) was found to be a rectangular hyperbola.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
According to the crystal field model, which ligands should exert the greatest splitting effect?

Options:
A Anionic ligands
B Neutral ligands
C Cationic ligands
D Covalent ligands

The correct answer is:
Anionic ligands

Solution:
The crystal field model suggests that anionic ligands should exert the greatest splitting effect.

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, NEET
According to the electronic theory of chemical bonding, how can atoms combine?

Options:
A By transferring protons from one atom to another
B By transferring neutrons from one atom to another
C By transferring valence electrons or by sharing valence electrons
D By sharing protons

The correct answer is:
By transferring valence electrons or by sharing valence electrons

Solution:
According to the electronic theory of chemical bonding, atoms can combine either by transferring valence electrons or by sharing valence electrons.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET
According to the following diagram, A reduces BO2 when the temperature is

Options:
A > 1400 °C
B > 1200 °C but < 1400 °C
C < 1400 °C
D < 1200 °C

The correct answer is:
> 1400 °C

Solution:
A+BO2→B+AO2
ΔG=-ve
Only above 1400 °C.

Topic: Chemistry, Electrochemistry, NEET
According to the Freundlich isotherm, when 1/n is equal to 0, what happens to the adsorption?

Options:
A Adsorption is independent of pressure.
B Adsorption varies directly with pressure.
C Adsorption is irreversible.
D Adsorption becomes constant.

The correct answer is:
Adsorption becomes constant.

Solution:
The paragraph mentions that when 1/n is equal to 0 in the Freundlich isotherm, x/m becomes constant, indicating that adsorption is independent of pressure.

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, NEET
According to the Kössel and Lewis treatment, what two factors are involved in the formation of ionic compounds?

Options:
A The arrangement of isotopes and the crystal lattice
B The size of atoms and the number of valence electrons
C The ease of formation of positive and negative ions, and the arrangement of ions in the solid
D The chemical reactivity of elements and the strength of covalent bonds

The correct answer is:
The ease of formation of positive and negative ions, and the arrangement of ions in the solid

Solution:
According to the Kössel and Lewis treatment, the formation of ionic compounds depends on the ease of formation of positive and negative ions and the arrangement of ions in the solid.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET
According to the latest estimates, how many documented varieties of basmati rice are grown in India?

Options:
A 30
B 27
C 118
D 125

The correct answer is:
27

Solution:
Rice is an important food grain forming a staple diet in the Asiatic continent. Rice is a rich source of carbohydrates. One of the most know variety group of rice is basmati. It is known for its unique aroma and flavors. India is known to export 65% of the overseas basmati rice market. Around 27 varieties of documented basmati rice are grown in India and ancient texts, poetry, and folklore have reference to the Basmati rice.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
According to the law of equipartition of energy, the number of vibrational modes of a polyatomic gas of constant $\gamma=\frac{C_p}{C_v}$ is ( $C_P$ where $C_v$ are the specific heat capacities of the gas at constant pressure and constant volume, respectively):

Options:
A $\frac{4+3 \gamma}{\gamma-1}$
B $\frac{3+4 \gamma}{\gamma-1}$
C $\frac{4-3 \gamma}{\gamma-1}$
D $\frac{3-4 \gamma}{\gamma-1}$

The correct answer is:
$\frac{4-3 \gamma}{\gamma-1}$

Solution:
A polygamic gas has 3 translational, 3 rotational and $f$ vibration modes
$U=\frac{3}{2} k_B T+\frac{3}{2} k_B T+f k_B T$
$U=(3+f) k_B T$
$C_V=(3+f) R$
$C_p=(4+f) R$
$\frac{C_p}{C_v}=\frac{4+f}{3+f}=\gamma$
$4+f=3 \gamma+f \gamma$
$4-3 \gamma=f(\gamma-1) \Rightarrow f=\frac{4-3 \gamma}{\gamma-1}$

Topic: Physics, Kinetic Theory of Gases, NEET, NEET 2024 (Re-NEET)
According to the law of mass action, what was concentration called in the early days of chemistry?

Options:
A Equilibrium concentration
B Active mass
C Stoichiometric coefficient
D Molar concentration

The correct answer is:
Active mass

Solution:
According to the law of mass action, concentration was called "active mass" in the early days of chemistry.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Equilibrium, NEET
According to the modern adsorption theory, where is the catalytic activity localized?

Options:
A In the bulk of the catalyst
B On the surface of the catalyst
C In the reactant molecules
D In the reaction products

The correct answer is:
On the surface of the catalyst

Solution:
The paragraph mentions that the catalytic activity is localized on the surface of the catalyst.

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, NEET
According to the paragraph, what is the common reason for the chargeon sol particles?

Options:
A Electron capture
B Preferential adsorption of gas molecules
C Formation of electrical double layer
D Preferential adsorption of ions

The correct answer is:
Preferential adsorption of ions

Solution:
The paragraph mentions that the charge on sol particles is due to electron capture, preferential adsorption of ions, and/or formulation of electrical double layer.

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, NEET
According to the Pauli exclusion principle, what is the maximum number of electrons that can exist in an orbital, and what condition must they satisfy?

Options:
A Two electrons can exist in an orbital, and they must have the same spin.
B Two electrons can exist in an orbital, and they must have opposite spin.
C Four electrons can exist in an orbital, and they must have the same spin.
D Four electrons can exist in an orbital, and they must have opposite spin.

The correct answer is:
Two electrons can exist in an orbital, and they must have opposite spin.

Solution:
"Only two electrons may exist in the same orbital and these electrons must have opposite spin."

Topic: Chemistry, Structure of Atom, NEET
According to the potassium pump theory, which activity will not occur for the opening of stomata?

Options:
A Dissociation of malic acid
B Passive process of ion exchange
C Transport of H+ ions from guard cells to subsidiary cells
D Increased OP of guard cells by potassium malate.

The correct answer is:
Passive process of ion exchange

Solution:
During the opening of stomata, malic acid dissociates into malate ion and H+ ions. An energy-dependent proton pump starts and transports H+ ions out of guard cells and K+ ions enter inside. The K+ ions combine with malate ion to form potassium malate and thus increase the OP of guard cells. As a result, endosmosis occurs and stomata open.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET