datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Monochromatic light of wavelength $667 \mathrm{~nm}$ is produced by a helium neon laser. The power emitted is $9 \mathrm{~mW}$. The number of photons arriving per second on the average at a target irradiated by this beam is

Options:
A $9 \times 10^{17}$
B $3 \times 10^{16}$
C $9 \times 10^{15}$
D $3 \times 10^{19}$

The correct answer is:
$3 \times 10^{16}$

Solution:
Here $\lambda=667 \times 10^{-9} \mathrm{~m}, \mathrm{P}=9 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~W}$
$$
\begin{aligned}
\text { Power } & =\frac{\text { energy }}{\text { time }} \\
& =\frac{n h c}{\lambda \mathrm{t}} \\
& =\frac{N h c}{\lambda}
\end{aligned}
$$
where is number of photons emitted per sec.
$$
\begin{aligned}
\Rightarrow \quad \mathrm{N} & =\frac{\mathrm{P} \times \lambda}{\mathrm{hc}} \\
& =\frac{9 \times 10^{-3} \times 667 \times 10^{-9}}{6.6 \times 10^{-34} \times 3 \times 10^8} \\
& =3 \times 10^{16} / \mathrm{s}
\end{aligned}
$$

Topic: Physics, Dual Nature of Matter, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Monochromatic radiation emitted when electron on hydrogen atom jumps from first excited to the ground state irradiates a photosensitive material. The stopping potential is measured to be $3.57 \mathrm{~V}$. The threshold frequency of the material is

Options:
A $4 \times 10^{15} \mathrm{~Hz}$
B $5 \times 10^{15} \mathrm{~Hz}$
C $1.6 \times 10^{15} \mathrm{~Hz}$
D $2.5 \times 10^{15} \mathrm{~Hz}$

The correct answer is:
$1.6 \times 10^{15} \mathrm{~Hz}$

Solution:
Energy released from emission of electron
$\begin{aligned}
E & =(-3.4)-(-13.6) \\
& =10.2 \mathrm{eV}
\end{aligned}$
From photo electric equation.
Work function
$\begin{aligned}
\phi & =E-e V=h v \\
v & =\frac{E-e V}{h} \\
& =\frac{(10.2-3.57) e}{6.67 \times 10^{-34}} \\
v & =\frac{6.63 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19}}{6.67 \times 10^{-34}} \\
& =1.6 \times 10^{15} \mathrm{~Hz}
\end{aligned}$

Topic: Physics, Dual Nature of Matter, NEET, NEET 2012 (Screening)
Monocot plants are characterized by the presence of how many of the following characters?

Scutellum, Reticulate venation, Fibrous roots, Stilt roots, Pulvinous leaf base, Isobilateral leaves

Options:
A two
B three
C four
D all of these

The correct answer is:
three

Solution:
Monocot plants are group of Angiosperms that have a single cotyledon in their seed. These plants have a fibrous root system (adventitious) which develop from the plumule. The leaves have parallel venation with stomata on both surfaces and vascular bundles are both - small and large. The leaves are isobilateral as both surfaces appear similar. The cotyledon of monocots are generally referred to as scutellum as they are thin and shield shape.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Monocotyledonous stem has

Options:
A Sclerenchymatous hypodermis

B Scattered, conjoint and closed vascular bundles
C Both a and b
D None of these

The correct answer is:
Both a and b

Solution:
In the monocot stem, the hypodermis is made up of two-three layers of thick-walled dead sclerenchymatous cells and vascular bundles are scattered, conjoint, and closed.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Monoecious plant of Chara shows occurrence of

Options:
A antheridiophore and archegoniophore on the same plant
B stamen and carpel on the same plant
C upper antheridium and lower oogonium on the same plant
D upper oogonium and lower antheridium on the same plant

The correct answer is:
upper oogonium and lower antheridium on the same plant

Solution:
Monoecious or hamothallic condition in Chara (green algae) is used to denote upper oogonium and lower antheridium on the same plant. The organisms, which possess both the reproductive organs are called bisexual. Unisexual condition represents both male or female organs in same organism.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)
Monomer of

Options:
A 2-methylpropene
B styrene
C propylene
D ethene

The correct answer is:
2-methylpropene

Solution:
Monomer is 2 -Methyl propene or isobutene

Topic: Chemistry, Polymers, NEET, NEET 2002
Monomer related to Nylon-2-nylon-6 is

Options:
A Alanine
B Glycine
C Adipic acid
D Hexa methylene diamine

The correct answer is:
Glycine

Solution:
Glycine and amino caproic acid are monomers for Nylon-2-nylon-6.

Topic: Chemistry, Polymers, NEET
Monosaccharides contain carbonyl groups hence are classified as aldose or ketose. The number of carbon atoms present in the monosaccharide molecule are also considered for classification. In which class of monosaccharide will you place fructose?

Options:
A Fructose is an aldohexose.
B Fructose is a ketohexose.
C Fructose is a hexose.
D Fructose is a heptose.

The correct answer is:
Fructose is a ketohexose.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
Fructose is a ketohexose.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Monosporic development refers to:

Options:
A Single megaspore developing into the embryo sac
B Single microspore mother cell producing tetrad pollens
C Presence of single ovule in ovary
D None of them is correct

The correct answer is:
Single megaspore developing into the embryo sac

Solution:
In Angiosperms, single megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to form four megaspore of which three degenerates and only one functional megaspore undergoes mitosis to form 7 celled, 8 nucleate embryo sac. This development of embryo sac from single megaspore is called as monosporic development.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Monotheceous anther is observed in which of the following family:

Options:
A Brassicaceae
B Malvaceae
C Cucurbitaceae
D Solanaceae

The correct answer is:
Malvaceae

Solution:
When a stamen consists of only one anther lobe it is called as monotheceous. One lobe consists of two microsporangia or pollen sac, thus monotheceous stamen is bisporangiate. It is character of Malvaceae family.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Montreal protocol aims at

Options:
A reduction of ozone depleting substances
B biodiversity conservation
C control of water pollution
D control of $\mathrm{CO}_2$ emission

The correct answer is:
reduction of ozone depleting substances

Solution:
In August 1989,44 countries and EEC ratified the Montreal Protocol, which provides a mechanism to review the efficiency of control measures. In a policy statement called Helsinki Declaration, the attending nations agreed to phase out the production and consumption of controlled CFCs as soon as possible but not later than the year 2007. They also agreed to phase out the halons and to control and reduce other Ozone Depleting Substances (ODSS).

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Montreal protocol was signed in 1987 for control of

Options:
A Emission of ozone depleting substances
B Release of Green House gases
C Disposal of e-wastes
D Transport of genetically modified organisms from one country to another

The correct answer is:
Emission of ozone depleting substances

Solution:
Regarding the deleterious effects of the ozone depletion, an international treaty, known as Montreal Protocol, was signed at Montreal (Canada) in 1987 (effective1989) to control the emission of ozone-depleting substances.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET, NEET 2020 (Phase 1)
Montreal protocol which calls for appropriate action to protect the ozone layer from human activities was passed in the year:

Options:
A 1985
B 1986
C 1987
D 1988

The correct answer is:
1987

Solution:
The Montreal Protocol (16 September, 1987) is an international environmental agreement that seeks to regulate the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances or ODS. It is important because the ozone layer needs to be protected to prevent the harmful ultraviolet radiation of the Sun from reaching the Earth.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET, NEET 2006
More conservative and scientifically sound estimate made by Robert May places the global species diversity at about

Options:
A 1.5 million
B 7 million
C 1.7 million
D 17 million

The correct answer is:
7 million

Solution:
A more conservative and scientifically sound estimate by Robert May, places the global species diversity at about 7 million. More than 70% of all the species recorded are animals, while plants comprise no more than 22% of the total. Among animals, insects are most species rich-taxonomic group, making about 70% of the total.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
More than two alternate forms of a gene present on the same locus are called (i). They are produced due to repeated (ii) of the same gene but in different directions. The well-known example is (iii).

Options:
A

(i)	(ii)	(iii)
epistatic genes	crossing over	polydactyly

B

(i)	(ii)	(iii)
multiple alleles	mutations	human blood groups

C

(i)	(ii)	(iii)
supplementary genes	mutations	hypertrichosis

D

(i)	(ii)	(iii)
linked genes	crossing over	alkaptonuria

The correct answer is:

(i)	(ii)	(iii)
multiple alleles	mutations	human blood groups

Solution:
Multiple alleles is a condition where more than two variants of the gene occupy the same locus. Mutation is change in the sequence of DNA segment. Mutation in the sequence of amino acids can result in formation of a new allele if the changes are simple and not on many bases. Multiple alleles combine in different combination to produce different phenotypes. Such variation in phenotypes occur due to the proteins encoded by the allele combination. Human blood group is a classic example of multiple alleles having three alleles whose combination produces four possible phenotypes: A, B, AB, & O blood group.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Morels and Agaricus have edible fruiting bodies and belong to their respective class as

Options:
A Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes
B Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes
C Ascomycetes only
D Basidiomycetes only

The correct answer is:
Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes

Solution:
Morchella, the true morels, is a genus of edible sac fungi closely related to anatomically simpler cup fungi belongs to Ascomycetes. Agaricus is an edible fungus and is commonly known as mushroom. It is a saprophytic fungus found growing on soil humus, decaying litter on forest floors, in the fields and lawns, wood logs, and manure piles. Agaricus belongs to Basidiomycetes.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Morgan carried out several dihybrid crosses in

Options:
A Pea
B Butterfly
C Drosophila
D Honey bee

The correct answer is:
Drosophila

Solution:
Morgan carried out a hybridization experiment on Drosophila to study the inheritance of genes located on the sex chromosome. He selected Drosophila as it had a short life cycle of 2-3 weeks, a clear differentiation between male and female, single mating produces a large number of progeny flies.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Morgan chose fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) as the study model for his experiment. Certain reasons made this organism suitable for the study. Which of the following is not one such reason?

Options:
A They could be grown on simple synthetic medium in the laboratory.
B They take about 6 weeks to complete their life cycle.
C A single mating could produce a large number of progeny flies.
D The male and female flies are easily distinguishable.

The correct answer is:
They take about 6 weeks to complete their life cycle.

Solution:
Morgan worked with the tiny fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, which were found very suitable for such studies. They could be grown on simple synthetic medium in the laboratory. They complete their life cycle in about two weeks, and a single mating could produce a large number of progeny flies. Also, there was a clear differentiation of the sexes â the male and female flies are easily distinguishable. Also, it has many types of hereditary variations that can be seen with low power microscopes.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Morgan worked with Drosophila melanogaster because,

i) they complete their life cycle in two months.

ii) male and female flies are easily distinguishable.

iii) a single mating could produce a large number of progeny flies.

iv) it has many types of hereditary variations that can be seen with low power microscopes.

Options:
A i, ii
B ii, iii, iv
C i, ii, iii
D i, ii, iii, iv

The correct answer is:
ii, iii, iv

Solution:
T. H. Morgan and his group is credited with elucidating the role of chromosome in heredity led. He described linkages among genes in chromosome. He worked with Drosophila melanogaster and it was suitable for his work cause -
They have a short life span of approx. two weeks and sexes are easy to differentiate. Also, they produce large number progenies in a single mating process that help with genetic studies. Their variations are easy to recognize and visible under low power microscopes.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Morphine and heroin, both are narcotic analgesics, Heroin may be obtained from morphine by

Options:
A nitration
B acetylation
C chlorination
D none of these

The correct answer is:
acetylation

Solution:
Acyl group is added to morphine to form heroin. This process is known as acetylation.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET
Morphine narcotic are obtained from

Options:
A opium
B avena
C datura
D all of these

The correct answer is:
opium

Solution:
Morphine narcotic are obtained from opium, avena and datura. Morphine narcotic are sometimes reffered to as opiates, since they are obtained from the opium poppy.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET
Morula is a developmental stage

Options:
A Between the zygote and blastocyst
B Between the blastocyst and gastrula
C After the implantation
D Between implantation and parturition

The correct answer is:
Between the zygote and blastocyst

Solution:
The embryo with 8 to 16 blastomeres is called a morul
!!!
[A]Morula is the solid mass of cells and is mulberry like. Morula is a developmental stage between the zygote and blastocyst.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Moss peat is used as a packing material for sending flowers and live plants to distant places bccause:

Options:
A it serves as a disinfectant
B it is easily available
C it is hygroscopic
D it reduces transpiration

The correct answer is:
it is hygroscopic

Solution:
Sphagnum is a bryophyte, commonly called bog moss or peat moss. It is hygroscopic and possesses remarkable water-holding capacity. Hence, it is used as a packaging material in the transport of flowers, live plants, tubers, bulbs and seedlings. It is also used in seedbeds and in moss sticks.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2006
Mosses and ferns are found in moist and shady place because both

Options:
A Requires water for growth
B Requires water for fertilisation
C Male gametes are flagellated
D Both a and b

The correct answer is:
Both a and b

Solution:
Mosses and ferns grows in moist and shady places as they are sciophytes and they require water for sexual reproduction. In mosses and fern male gametes or antherozoids are flagellated and they swim in drop of water to reach archegonia.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Most acidic hydrogen containing compound among the following is

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
In substituted phenols, the presence of electron-withdrawing groups such as nitro group enhances the acidic strength of phenol. This effect is more pronounced when such a group is present at ortho and para positions. It is due to the effective delocalisation of negative charge in phenoxide ion.

Also, the acidity will increase with the number of electron-withdrawing groups. Thus, the order of acidity of the given compounds is

Topic: Chemistry, Alcohols Phenols and Ethers, NEET
Most acidic hydrogen is present in

Options:
A
B
C CH 3 CO 3 CH
D CH33COH

The correct answer is:
CH 3 CO 3 CH

Solution:
Most acidic hydrogen is present in as two strong electron withdrawing group CO are present around active methyline group.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
Most animals are tree dwellers in a:

Options:
A Coniferous forest
B Thorn woodland
C Temperate deciduous forest
D Tropical rain forest

The correct answer is:
Tropical rain forest

Solution:
Tropical rain forest shows stratification, where the distribution of plants is more and with many layers. Each layer or storey will be comprised with different fauna. Upper storeys have birds, insects, bats, monkeys, lemurs, tree frogs, lizards and anteaters. Hence, most of the animals are tree dwellers in tropical rain forests.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 1)
Most cancers are treated by a combination of:

(i) Surgery
(ii) Radiotherapy
(iii) Chemotherapy

Options:
A i and ii
B i and iii
C ii and iii
D i, iii and iii

The correct answer is:
i, iii and iii

Solution:
Treatment of Cancer
Treatment of cancer consists of a number of therapies which are as follows;
(i) Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy comprises the administration of certain anticancer drugs. The anticancer drugs check cell division by inhibiting DNA synthesis or are more toxic to the cancerous cells than normal cells. Chemotherapy may lead to hair loss or anemia but both of these get corrected after the treatment is stopped.
(ii) Radiotherapy. It is used in addition to chemotherapy. In radiotherapy, the basic principle is to bombard the cancerous tissue or cells with the rays from radioactive materials. For treatment, the cancer tissue or cells are exposed to radiations from radioactive materials damage or destroy the cancerous tissue or cell but cause minimum damage or harm to the surrounding normal tissue or cells.
(iii) Surgery. In surgery, the entire cancerous tissue or cells are removed surgically. It has limited utility. In certain cases such as breast tumors or uterine tumors, the surgery is most effective, but other treatments are also given to destroy/kill any cancerous cell that may have been left in surgery.
(iv) Immunotherapy. Patients are given substances called biological response modifiers such as Y-interferon which activate their immune system and help in destroying the tumor.
(v) Supportive therapy. In certain cases, the cancerous cells go on dividing and do not stop after giving chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, the patient becomes increasingly prone to infections, anemia, and hemorrhage, then patient supportive therapy is utilized. In infection or transfusions are given to prevent anemia.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Most common abiotic pollinating agent for the plant is:

Options:
A Anemophily
B Hydrophily
C Pollination by bees
D Pollination by ants

The correct answer is:
Anemophily

Solution:
Pollination carried out with the help of the wind is referred to as anemophily or wind pollination. The flowers which use wind as agent of pollination are small, lightly coloured and do not produce scent or nectar. Such flowers are called wind pollinating flowers or anemophilous flowers. Nearly 98% of abiotic pollination is anemophilous.
Pollination by water is called hydrophily and by insects is called entomophily.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Most common oxidation states shown by cerium are

Options:
A +2,+4
B +3,+4
C +3,+5
D +2,+3

The correct answer is:
+3,+4

Solution:
The electronic configuration of Ce is:
Ce :Xe 4f1 5d1 6s2
The most common oxidation states shown by cerium are +3 and +4 .

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET
Most common type of angiospermic ovule is

Options:
A anatropous.
B orthotropous.
C amphitropous.
D campylotropous.

The correct answer is:
anatropous.

Solution:
In angiosperm the ovule bends down so that micropyle comes to lie close to funicle. It is also known as resupinate or inverted ovule and is most common type of ovule which occurs in 82% angiosperms.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Most diverse macromolecules, found in the cell both physically and chemically are

Options:
A Proteins
B Carbohydrates
C Nucleic acids
D Lipids

The correct answer is:
Proteins

Solution:
Each protein is a polymer of amino acids. As there
are 20 types of amino acids (e.g., alanine, cysteine,
proline, tryptophan, lysine, etc.), a protein is a
heteropolymer. The amino acids can be arranged in different orders in a polypeptide chain to form a wide array of proteins.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Most fungi are heterotrophic because they are

Options:
A Saprophytes
B Parasites
C Symbionts
D All of these

The correct answer is:
All of these

Solution:
Most fungi are heterotrophic and absorb soluble organic matter from dead substrates and hence, are called saprophytes. Organisms that depend on living plants and animals are called parasites. They can also live as symbionts, i.e., in association with algae as lichens and with roots of higher plants as mycorrhiza.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Most gymnosperms are

Options:
A Xerophytic
B Hydrophytic
C Halophytic
D Epiphytic

The correct answer is:
Xerophytic

Solution:
Gymnosperms are found on hills, where rocky soil has no water holding capacity.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Most hazardous metal pollutant of automobile exhaust is

Options:
A Mercury
B Tin
C Cadmium
D Lead

The correct answer is:
Lead

Solution:
Lead is hazardous metal pollutant of automobile exhaust when leaded gasoline was used in vehicles.

Topic: Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, NEET
Most herbaceous plants have only about ____________ of its fresh weight as dry matter.

Options:
A 10-15%
B 90-92%
C 30-40%
D 1-5%

The correct answer is:
10-15%

Solution:
Water is essential for all physiological activities of the plant and plays a very important role in all living organisms. It provides the medium in which most substances are dissolved. The protoplasm of the cells is nothing but water in which different molecules are dissolved and (several particles) suspended. A watermelon has over 92 per cent water; most herbaceous plants have only about 10 to 15 per cent of its fresh weight as dry matter. Of course, distribution of water within a plant varies – woody parts have relatively very little water, while soft parts mostly contain water.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Most of the amino acids used in proteins are produced through

Options:
A Reductive amination
B Transamination
C Catalytic amidation
D Nitrification

The correct answer is:
Transamination

Solution:
In nitrogen fixation, glutamic acid is the first amino acid which is produced by reductive amino acid in roots. It is then transported to leaves where 17 different amino acid are produced by transamination, in which glutamic acid transfers its amino group to other keto acids.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Most of the asymmetrical acoelomates belong to phylum?

Options:
A Porifera
B Ctenophora
C Cnidaria
D Echinodermata

The correct answer is:
Porifera

Solution:
Types of animals on the basis of symmetry -
1. Asymmetrical - No particular symmetry. Examples : Most of sponges.
2. Radially symmetrical - When any plane passing through the central axis of the body divides the organism in 2 equal halves. Examples : Few sponges, coelenterates, ctenophores, and adult echinodermates.
3. Bilaterally symmetrical - Body of organism is divisible into 2 equal halves only in one plane. Examples : Platyhelminthes, aschelminthes, annelids, arthropods, molluscs, echinodermates and chordates.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Most of the cranial nerves in humans are:

Options:
A motor
B sensory
C mixed
D non-functional

The correct answer is:
motor

Solution:
In humans there are 12 pairs of cranial nerves. There are 3 pairs of sensory cranial nerves: I, II and VIII. There are 5 pairs of motor cranial nerves: III, IV, VI, XI and XII. There are 4 pairs of Mixed cranial nerves: V, VII X and IX.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Most of the molecules of gas possess which type of speed

Options:
A Root mean square velocity
B Average speed
C Most probable speed
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Most probable speed

Solution:
Correct Option is : 3
Most probable speed

Topic: Chemistry, States of Matter, NEET