datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Placenta produces which hormone?

Options:
A ACTH
B Progesterone
C GH
D Gastrin

The correct answer is:
Progesterone

Solution:
Progesterone is an endogenous steroid sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis in human females.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Placentation in Brassicaceae (mustard) family is

Options:
A Parietal
B Marginal
C Axile
D Basal

The correct answer is:
Parietal

Solution:
Parietal placentation is found in Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). Here, carpels are fused only by their margins, and placentas then appear as internal ridges on ovary wall.
In marginal type, the placenta develops along the junction of two carpels in a unilocular ovary, e.g., Pea.
In axile placentation, margins of carpels fold inwards and fused in the ovary centre to form a single central placenta.
In basal placentation, the ovules are few or reduced to one and present at the base of the ovary. The ovule, when solitary, often fills the ovary cavity and is unilocular e.g., Compositae.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Placentation in tomato and lemon is

Options:
A parietal
B free central
C marginal
D axile

The correct answer is:
axile

Solution:
Lemon or Citrus (Family-Rutaceae), tamato or Lycopersicon sp. (Family-Solanaceae), China rose or Hibiscus (Family Malvaceae) etc. have axile placentation. It occurs in multicarpellary, syncarpous ovary. Inward growth of margins of carpels forms a multicarpellary condition which contains an axis in the centre. Placentae arise from this central axis which bear ovules.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2012 (Screening)
Placentation, in which ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary or in peripheral part, is :

Options:
A Basal
B Axile
C Parietal
D Free central

The correct answer is:
Parietal

Solution:
The placenta is formed by the swelling up of cohering margins, and on the latter develop the ovules in rows. It occurs in bicarpellary or multicarpellary but unilocular ovary, e.g., Papaveraceae.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2019 (All India)
Planaria possess high capacity of:

Options:
A regeneration
B metamorphosis
C alternation of generation
D bioluminescence

The correct answer is:
regeneration

Solution:
Planariais flatworm of the class turbellaria.
Lower animals such as sponges, cnidarians and flat worms like Planaria are known to exhibit high degree of regeneration.
Regeneration means planaria cut into pices, and each piece can regenerate into a complete organism.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2014
Plane angle and solid angle have:

Options:
A Dimensions but no units
B No units and no dimensions
C Both units and dimensions
D Units but no dimensions

The correct answer is:
Units but no dimensions

Solution:
SI unit of plane angle is radian & Unit of solid angle is steradian.

For dimension of plane angle:

Arc length, l=rθ

⇒θ=lr=M0L1T0M0L1T0=M0L0T0

Clearly, it is a ratio of two quantities of the same dimension, hence it is dimensionless.

For dimension of solid angle:

Solid angle can be considered as a 3D analogue of a plane angle. It is given by the equation,

Ω=Ar2, where A is the area and R is the radius.

Therefore, its dimensions will be, =M0L2T0M0L2T0=M0L0T0, hence it is also dimensionless.

Topic: Physics, Units and Dimensions, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 1)
Plant cell undergoes cell division to form two new cell. The below diagram represents a certain stage of the cell cycle of plant cells. Determine the step/stage of the cell cycle process that will happen just before the represented process starts.

Options:
A Diakinesis
B Karyokinesis
C DNA synthesis
D Cytokinesis

The correct answer is:
Karyokinesis

Solution:
Cell division phase of cell cycle has two stages - karyokinesis and cytokinesis. Karyokinesis deals with nuclear division where at the end of this stage two nuclei are formed. Following karyokinesis, cytokinesis occurs where the cytoplasm is divided in two resulting in formation of two new whole individual cells. The given diagram represent the cytokinesis stage of plant cell division. In it, the division occurs by making a cell plate in the cytoplasm between the two newly formed nuclei which later becomes the cell wall of the new cell that will form.
Diakinesis is part of prophase I of meiosis I which is part of karyokinesis.
DNA synthesis is part of S -phase in interphase.
Interphase is the stage of cell cycle that occurs between two cell division processes.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
Plant growth hormones extracted from a fungus and a fish are respectively

Options:
A Gibberellins and zeatin
B Ethylene and cytokinin
C Auxin and 2, 4-D
D Gibberellin and kinetin

The correct answer is:
Gibberellin and kinetin

Solution:
Gibberellins is the plant hormone that was produced from the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi after isolation and therefore the fungus is named gibberellin. This hormone is a plant growth regulator and is involved in stem elongation, dormancy, and various other processes involving plant growth. Kinetin is also a plant hormone that helps in plant growth by promoting cell division. This hormone was first isolated from the DNA of herring fish.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET
Plant nomenclature means:

Options:
A To give names of plants without any rules
B Nomenclature of plants under the international rules
C Nomenclature of plants in local language
D Nomenclature of plants in english language

The correct answer is:
Nomenclature of plants under the international rules

Solution:
This is a universal system of classification.
Botanical nomenclature is the formal, scientific naming of plants. It is related to, but distinct from taxonomy. Plant taxonomy is concerned with grouping and classifying plants; botanical nomenclature then provides names for the results of this process. The starting point for modern botanical nomenclature is Linnaeus' Species Plantarum of 1753. Botanical nomenclature is governed by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), which replaces the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN).

Topic: Biology, The Living World, NEET
Plant succession is the gradual predictable change in species composition of an area. It starts with pioneer community which leads to stable climax community which results in a ........... condition.

Options:
A hydric
B xeric
C mesic
D halophytic

The correct answer is:
mesic

Solution:
Plant succession is a gradual predictable change is species composition of an area which starts in extreme condition and leads to moderate mesophytic condition. Climax community is the stable community which results in stable community.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Plant succession occurring in a water body is called:

Options:
A Hydrosere
B Psammosere
C Lithosere
D Xerosere

The correct answer is:
Hydrosere

Solution:
A hydrosere is a plant succession which occurs in an area of fresh water such as in oxbow lakes and kettle lakes. In time, an area of open freshwater will naturally dry out, ultimately becoming woodland. During this change, a range of different landtypes such as swamp and marsh will succeed each other.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Plant tissue containing undifferentiated cells is called ___

Options:
A growth
B determinate growth
C growth rate
D meristem

The correct answer is:
meristem

Solution:
Plant tissue containing undifferentiated cells is called meristem

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET
Plants adapted to deserts have

Options:
A Sunken stomata
B Deep roots
C Thick cuticle
D All the above

The correct answer is:
All the above

Solution:
Xerophytes are plants that grow in deficiency of water as a result of which possess some adaptations to survive in the deficiency of water. They have deep roots that penetrate the soil to great depth and have shoot less developed than roots resulting in reduced transpiration. They also have sunken stomata which help in reducing the loss of water by opening at night as there is increase transpiration during the day. Stem and leaves are covered with thick cuticles and wax which also reduces transpiration

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Plants adapted to low light intensity have

Options:
A Larger photosynthetic unit size than the sun plants
B Higher rate of carbon dioxide fixation than the sun plants
C More extended root system
D Leaves modified to spines

The correct answer is:
Larger photosynthetic unit size than the sun plants

Solution:
Plants adapted to low light intensity have larger photosynthetic unit size than the sun plants.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Plants adapted to low light intensity have:

Options:
A larger photosynthetic unit size than the sun plants
B higher rate of $\mathrm{CO}_2$ fixation than the sun plants
C more extended root system
D leaves modified to spines.

The correct answer is:
larger photosynthetic unit size than the sun plants

Solution:
Shade tolerant plants have lower photosynthetic rates and hence, lower growth rates. On the other hand these plants have larger photosynthetic unit size than the sun plants.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET, NEET 2004
Plants adapted to low light intensity have

Options:
A larger photosynthetic unit size than the sun plants
B higher rate of CO2 fixation than the sun plants
C more extended root system
D leaves modified to spines.

The correct answer is:
larger photosynthetic unit size than the sun plants

Solution:
To absorb more sunlight (quantitatively), the plants growing in low light conditions have larger photosynthetic unit size. They have large-sized chloroplast are more in number. Their chloroplast has more number of chlorophyll molecules per reaction centre to trap more light energy available to them.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Plants are called as___ because they fix carbon dioxide.

Options:
A autotrophs
B inverted
C light
D earthworms

The correct answer is:
autotrophs

Solution:
Plants are called Autotrophs because they fix carbon dioxide.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Plants are ____.

Options:
A Autotrophic
B Heterotrophic
C Unicellular
D None Of the above

The correct answer is:
Autotrophic

Solution:
Plants are autotrophic

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Plants can be cultivated in soil less medium where all required nutrients are supplied from the outside in water solution, this method comes under

Options:
A Aeroponics
B Hydroponics
C Hybrid culture
D Critical culture media

The correct answer is:
Hydroponics

Solution:
In 1860, Julius von Sachs, a prominent German botanist, demonstrated, for the first time, that plants could be grown to maturity in a defined nutrient solution in the complete absence of soil. This technique of growing plants in a nutrient solution is known as hydroponics.

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET
Plants deficient of element zinc, show its effect on the biosynthesis of plant growth hormone:

Options:
A auxin
B cytokinin
C ethylene
D abscisic acid

The correct answer is:
auxin

Solution:
Chemically auxins are weakly acidic growth hormones that have an unsaturated ring structure. They are capable of promoting cell elongation, especially of shoots but are inhibitory to the roots. Zinc is involved in the synthesis of Indoleacetic acid in plants and act as an activator in the enzyme tryptophan synthetase. Tryptophan is the precursor of Indole-acetic acid.
Related Theory
Antiauxins are a group of chemicals that can prevent auxin-action in plants. Transcinnamic acid, ascorbic acid, 7-phenyl butyric acid are some of the antiauxins. Probably, an antiauxin competes with an auxin for the same site of reaction and thus inhibits auxin-action.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET, NEET 2003
Plants follow different pathways in response to environment or phases of life to form different kinds of structures. This ability is called:

Options:
A Elasticity
B Flexibility
C Plasticity
D Maturity

The correct answer is:
Plasticity

Solution:
Plants follow different pathways in response to the environment or phases of life to form different kinds of structures. This ability is called plasticity, e.g., heterophylly in cotton, coriander and larkspur.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET, NEET 2021
Plants growing in shady region are called

Options:
A Sciophytes
B Xerophytes
C Epiphytes
D Heliophytes

The correct answer is:
Sciophytes

Solution:
Those plants which grow best in shade or diffused light are called sciophytes or heliophobous or photophobous or shade-loving plants.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Plants like Indigofera, Sesbania, lupin and gram:

Options:
A Show zygomorphic flowers
B Belong to same family Fabaceae
C Show actinomorphic flower
D Both (A) and (B)

The correct answer is:
Both (A) and (B)

Solution:
Indigofera, Sesbania, lupin and gram are members of the Fabaceae family. Members of the Fabaceae family has a zygomorphic flower. They have vexillary aestivation due to which flower can be divided into two equal half from one vertical plane only.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Plants offer rewards to animals in the form of pollen and nectar and the animals facilitate the pollination process. This is an example of :

Options:
A Commensalism
B Mutualism
C Amensalism
D Competition

The correct answer is:
Mutualism

Solution:
Plants offers reward in the form of pollen and nectar for pollinators and juicy and nutritious fruits for seeds dispersers. This is a fascinating example of mutualism found in plant-animal relationships.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET, NEET 2023 (Manipur)
Plants reproducing by spores such as mosses and ferns are grouped under the general term:

Options:
A cryptogams
B bryophytes
C sporophytes
D thallophytes

The correct answer is:
cryptogams

Solution:
Eichler divided plant kingdom into two sub- kingdoms cryptogamae and phanerogamae. All plants without flowers and seeds are included in the sub kingdom cryptogamae whereas phanerogamae includes plants which bear flowers and seeds. Cryptogams are further classified into three divisions: Thallophyta, Bryophyta and Pteridophyta. Spore bearing plants such as mosses and ferns belong to cryptogams because instead of reproducing by flowers and seeds, they reproduce by means of spores. (Ref. to Fig.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2003
Plants reproducing by spores such as mosses and ferns are grouped under the general term

Options:
A Cryptogams
B Bryophytes
C Sporophytes
D Thallophytes

The correct answer is:
Cryptogams

Solution:
Eichler divided the plant kingdom into two subkingdoms: Cryptogamae-plants without flowers and seeds
Phanerogamae-plants that bear flowers and seeds.
Cryptogams are further classified into three divisions: thallophyta, bryophyta, and pteridophyta. These are spore-bearing plants and commonly called as hidden plants which reproduce by producing spores.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Plants which have lost the capacity to divide can regain the capacity under certain conditions, this phenomenon is known as ___.

Options:
A growth
B differentiation
C development
D dedifferentiation

The correct answer is:
dedifferentiation

Solution:
Plants which have lost the capacity to divide can regain the capacity under certain conditions, this phenomenon is known as dedifferentiation

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET
Plants which produce characteristic pneumatophores and show vivipary belong to:

Options:
A Mesophytes
B Halophytes
C Psammophytes
D Hydrophytes

The correct answer is:
Halophytes

Solution:
Halophytes growing in saline soils show:
(i) Vivipary which is in-situ seed germination.
(ii) Pneumatophores for gaseous exchange.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Plants which require the exposure to light for a period exceeding a well defined critical duration for flowering are called:

Options:
A Short day plants
B Long-day plants
C Day-neutral plants
D Both (A) and (B)

The correct answer is:
Long-day plants

Solution:
Plants require periodic exposure to light for flowering. Some plants need exposure for a period more than a well defined critical duration known as long-day plants and the other short-day plants are the ones which need exposure to light less than the well defined critical duration. Different plants have different critical duration. The day-neutral plants are the plants which show no correlation between exposure to the light duration and their flowering response.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET
Plants with edible roots include:

Options:
A Turnip, Banyan, Asparagus
B Radish, Carrot, Rhizophora
C Carrot, Turnip, Maize
D Carrot, Radish, Sweet potato

The correct answer is:
Carrot, Radish, Sweet potato

Solution:
Carrot, radish and sweet potato are modified edible roots. They have stored lots of food material in it. Carrot is the source of precursor of vitamin A, i.e., beta-carotene.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Plants with ovaries having only one or a few ovules are generally pollinated by

Options:
A Bees
B Butterflies
C Birds
D Wind

The correct answer is:
Wind

Solution:
Wind pollinated flowers have generally single ovule in each ovary.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Plasma membrane of_______is known as sarcolemma.

Options:
A Myofibre
B Myofibril
C Muscle
D Fascicles

The correct answer is:
Myofibre

Solution:
Muscle fibre
- Each muscle fibre is covered by a plasma membrane, known as sarcolemma.
- Muscle fibre is a syncytium (multinucleated condition) and is having cytoplasm (sarcoplasm), endoplasmic reticulum (sarcoplasmic reticulum - store house of calcium ions) and a large number of parallely arranged filaments in the sarcoplasm - myofilaments or myofibrils.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Plasmid is used as carrier because

Options:
A It has antibiotic resistance genes
B Its both ends are replicating points
C It can go between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
D None of these

The correct answer is:
It has antibiotic resistance genes

Solution:
The plasmid is an extrachromosomal material in bacteria and is used in biotechnology or genetic engineering for making the multiple copies of desired genes (DNA segment). Plasmids are the carrier DNA molecules with antibiotic resistance gene. This feature makes it easy to isolate from the transformed cell with the desired insert in it.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Plasmid pBR322 has PstI restriction enzyme site within gene ampR that confers ampicillin resistance. If this enzyme is used for inserting a gene for β-galactoside production and the recombinant plasmid is inserted in an E. coli strain

Options:
A it will not be able to confer ampicillin resistance to the host cell.
B the transformed cells will have the ability to resist ampicillin as well as produce β-galactoside.
C it will lead to lysis of host cell.
D it will be able to produce a novel protein with dual ability.

The correct answer is:
it will not be able to confer ampicillin resistance to the host cell.

Solution:
pBR322 has two antibiotic-resistant genes for ampicillin (ampR) and tetracycline (tetR). Due to the insertion of the gene in the ampR region, insertional inactivation results in the inactivation of the ampicillin gene and hence the organisms become sensitive to this antibiotic and do not grow in the media containing this antibiotic.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET, NEET 2021
Plasmids are autonomously replicating mini chromosomes found in:

Options:
A Bacteriophage lambda
B Leishmania donovani
C Escherichia coli
D Paramecium coudatum

The correct answer is:
Escherichia coli

Solution:
Plasmids are small, double stranded, closed circular, symbiotic DNA molecules that occur naturally in bacteria, outside the bacterial chromosome.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Plasmids are extrachromosomal genetic material found in:

Options:
A Algae
B Mammalian cell
C Bacteria
D Viruses

The correct answer is:
Bacteria

Solution:
A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. Plasmids often carry genes that may benefit the survival of the organism, for example antibiotic resistance. Plasmids are considered replicons, a unit of DNA capable of replicating autonomously within a suitable host. Plasmids can be transmitted from one bacterium to another (even of another species).

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Plasmodesmata are

Options:
A lignified cemented layers between cells
B locomotory structures
C membranes connecting the nucleus with plasmalemma
D connections between adjacent cells

The correct answer is:
connections between adjacent cells

Solution:
The primary cell wall contains many small openings or pores situated in primary pit fields. The cytoplasm of adjacent cells communicates through the pores by means of cytoplasmic bridges called plasmodesmata. The plasmodesmata permit circulation of fluid and passage of solutes between cells.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
Plasmodesmata are cytoplasmic bridges between adjacent plant cells, lined by

Options:
A Apoplasm
B Plasma membrane
C Desmosomes
D ER tubule

The correct answer is:
Plasma membrane

Solution:
Plasmodesmata are plasma membrane‐lined pores that span the adjoining walls of plant cells. The symplast pathway is where water moves from cell to cell in the cytoplasm via the plasma membranes and plasmodesmata.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Plasmogamy is defined as-

Options:
A Fusion of Nucleus
B Fusion of germplasm
C Fusion of protoplasm
D Fungal hyphae of compatible type coming together

The correct answer is:
Fusion of protoplasm

Solution:
Fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non-motile gametes

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Plasmogamy is fusion of:

Options:
A Two haploid cells including their nuclei
B Two haploid cells without nuclear fusion
C Sperm and egg
D Sperm and two polar nuclei

The correct answer is:
Two haploid cells without nuclear fusion

Solution:
Fusion between the sperm and egg cell is called fertilization. During fertilization process the protoplasm between the two compatible gametes (gametes may be motile or non-motile) fuses which is called plasmogamy. Followed by plasmogamy the nuclei of both the gametes fuses together. This fusion of nuclei is called karyogamy.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Plasmogamy is fusion of

Options:
A Two haploid cells including their nuclei
B Two haploid cells without nuclear fusion
C Sperm and egg
D Sperm and two polar nuclei

The correct answer is:
Two haploid cells without nuclear fusion

Solution:
It is the first stage of sexual reproduction in which the cytoplasm of two sex cells fuse with each other. The nuclei of sex cells come close to each other but do not fuse. Thus the resulting cell becomes binucleate or dikaryon.

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
Plasmogamy ,Karyogamy and meiosis is part of-

Options:
A Asexual cycle of fungi
B Sexual cycle of fungi
C Vegetative division of fungi
D No meiosis occur during life cycle of fungi

The correct answer is:
Sexual cycle of fungi

Solution:
The sexual cycle involves the following three steps:

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Plasmogamy takes place between?

Options:
A One motile and one non-motile gamete
B Both motile gametes
C Both non-motile gametes
D Both B) and C)

The correct answer is:
Both B) and C)

Solution:
Fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non-motile gametes

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Plaster of Paris is represented by

Options:
A CaSO4.2H2O
B CaSO4.3H2O
C CaSO4.H2O
D CaSO4.12H2O

The correct answer is:
CaSO4.12H2O

Solution:
Plaster of paris is calcium sulfate hemihydrate, it is quicksetting gypsum.
CaSO4.12H2O or (CaSO4)2.H2O

Topic: Chemistry, s Block Elements, NEET