datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Select the correct statement about G1 phase.

Options:
A Cell is metabolically inactive
B DNA in the cell does not replicate
C It is not a phase of synthesis of macromolecules
D Cells stop growing.

The correct answer is:
DNA in the cell does not replicate

Solution:
During the G1 phase the cell is metabolically active and continuously grows but does not replicate its DNA but proteins and RNA are synthesised.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
Select the correct statement about human evolution.

Options:
A The first human like being the hominid was Homo erectus.
B The Neanderthal man was with a brain size almost equal to that of a modern man.
C During ice age between 1,00,000-40,000 years ago Homo sapiens arose.
D All of the above

The correct answer is:
The Neanderthal man was with a brain size almost equal to that of a modern man.

Solution:
The first human like being the hominid was Homo habilis.Their brain capacity were between 650-800 cc.
The Neanderthal man was with a brain size of 1400 cc, almost equal to that of a modern man 1450 cc.
During ice age between 75,000-10,000 years ago modern Homo sapiens arose.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Select the correct statement about Mn3O4.

Options:
A The oxidation state of Mn is+3.
B It is a mixed oxide of MnO and MnO2.
C It is a mixed oxide of MnO and Mn2O3.
D None of the above.

The correct answer is:
It is a mixed oxide of MnO and Mn2O3.

Solution:
Correct Option is : 3
It is a mixed oxide of MnO and Mn2O3.

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET
Select the correct statement about the following figure.

Options:
A and
B The figure is Anabaena.
C are correct.
D Both

The correct answer is:
Both

Solution:
These organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialised cells called heterocysts, e.g. Nostoc and Anabaena. Figure is Nostoc and A is Heterocyst and B is mucilaginous sheath.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Select the correct statement about the RNAi method.

Options:
A RNAi strategy was taken up to prevent the infestation of nematodes in the roots of maize palnts.
B This method involves the use of a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA.
C Only RNA genomes of viruses can be used as a source for the complementary RNA.
D Mobile genetic elements called transposons can replicate only through a DNA intermediate.

The correct answer is:
This method involves the use of a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA.

Solution:
Several nematodes parasitise a wide variety of plants and animals including human beings. A nematode Meloidegyne incognitia infects the roots of tobacco plants and causes a great reduction in yield. A novel strategy was adopted to prevent this infestation which was based on the process of RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. This method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA (silencing). The source of this complementary RNA could be from an infection by viruses having RNA genomes or mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate via an RNA intermediate.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Select the correct statement about the Solanaceae Family.

Options:
A Bicarpellary and syncarpous / Inferior ovary with bilocular condition and many ovules.
B Bicarpellary and apocarpous / Superior ovary with multilocular condition and single ovule.
C Multicarpellary and syncarpous / Inferior ovary with bilocular condition and single ovules.
D Multicarpellary and syncarpous / Superior ovary with bilocular condition and many ovules.

The correct answer is:
Multicarpellary and syncarpous / Superior ovary with bilocular condition and many ovules.

Solution:
Solanaceae Family : Distributed in tropics, subtropics and temperate regions. Also known as Potato family.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the correct statement among the following.

I. Euryhaline can tolerate a wide range of salinity
II. The productivity and distribution of plants are heavily dependent on water
III. Many freshwater animals cannot live for long in seawater but sea animals can live in freshwater for a long time because of osmotic balance

Options:
A All are correct
B All are false
C Only III is incorrect
D I and II are incorrect

The correct answer is:
Only III is incorrect

Solution:
Due to osmotic problems, freshwater animals cannot live for long in seawater and vice versa. In freshwater a fish is hypertonic to its environment, it means fish is saltier and water moves into the fish's body through osmosis.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Select the correct statement for transcription.

Options:
A Transfer of genetic code of RNA to DNA
B Transfer the information of genetic codes of mRNA to form protein
C ​Transfer of genetic code of DNA to RNA
D Polymerisation of deoxyribouncleotides in cell-free system

The correct answer is:
​Transfer of genetic code of DNA to RNA

Solution:
Transcription is one of the processes of protein synthesis where mRNA is synthesized from DNA. In this process, adenine pairs with uracil as RNA has uracil instead of thymine. DNA contains the genetic information of an individual organism which is transferred to the newly synthesized mRNA as it contains the cistron.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Select the correct statement from the following.

Options:
A All vertebrates are chordates.
B All protochordates are craniates.
C All echinoderms are freshwater animals.
D Post-anal tail is always present in chordates.

The correct answer is:
All vertebrates are chordates.

Solution:
Classification of Phylum Chordata:
I. Subphylum Urochordata or Tunicata
II. Subphylum Cephalochordata
III. Subphylum Vertebrata

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Select the correct statement from the following.

Options:
A Notochord is found in all chordates.
B Pharynx is perforated by gill slits in non-chordates.
C Hearts is dorsal in birds.
D Both (A) and (C) are correct.

The correct answer is:
Notochord is found in all chordates.

Solution:
Features	Chordates	Non-chordates

a. Notochord	Present	Absent

b. CNS	Single, dorsal and hollow	Double, ventral and solid

c. Cranium and vertebra	Usually present	Absent

d. Pharynx	Perforated by gill slits	Gill slits absent

e. Post anal tail	Usually present	Absent

f. Heart	Ventral	Dorsal (if present)

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Select the correct statement from the following.

Options:
A Biogas is produced by the activity of aerobic bacteria on animal waste
B Methanobacterium is an aerobic bacterium found in rumen of cattle
C Biogas, commonly called gobar gas, is pure methane
D Activated sludge-sediment in settlement tanks of sewage treatment plant is a rich source of aerobic bacteria

The correct answer is:
Activated sludge-sediment in settlement tanks of sewage treatment plant is a rich source of aerobic bacteria

Solution:
Activated sludge is a process for treating sewage and industrial wastewaters using air and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoans. During the process, the primary effluent is taken to aeration tank that contain a large number of aerobic heterotrophic microbes. They form flocs that digest a lot of organic matter. As the biological oxygen demand of wastewater is reduced, it is passed into a settling tank to undergo sedimentation. The sediment of the settling tank is called activated sludge that is a rich source of aerobic bacteria. Hence, the statement (Activated sludge-sediment in settlement tanks of the sewage treatment plant is a rich source of aerobic bacteria) is correct.
Biogas is produced by the anaerobic breakdown of biomass with the help of methanogenic bacteria. It is made up of methane, carbon dioxide with traces of nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide, and hydrogen.
Methanobacterium is an anaerobic bacterium that is found in the rumen of cattle and is helpful in the breakdown of cellulose.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Select the correct statement from the following.

Options:
A Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show higher recombinations
B Genes far apart on the same chromosome show very few recombinations
C Genes loosely linked on the same chromosome show similar recombinations as the tightly linked ones
D Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show very few recombinations

The correct answer is:
Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show very few recombinations

Solution:
Distance between two genes determine the strength of linkage and frequency of recombination. Closely located genes on same chromosome shows stronger linkage and very few crossing over. Widely located genes on same chromosome shows weak linkage and higher recombination.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Select the correct statement from the following.

Options:
A Endocrine system of invertebrates is very complex
B T4 is secreted from follicular cells of parathyroid glands.
C Adrenal cortex secretes DHEA and cortisol
D Vasopressin is synthesized and released by posterior pituitary.

The correct answer is:
Adrenal cortex secretes DHEA and cortisol

Solution:
Vasopressin (ADH) is secreted by hypothalamus.
Endocrine system of invertebrates is simple
T3 is secreted from follicular cells of thyroid glands.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Select the CORRECT statement from the following.

Options:
A During mitosis, endoplasmic reticulum and nucleolus disappear completely at early prophase
B Chromosomes are arranged along the equator during prophase
C Chromosome is made up of two sister chromatids at anaphase of mitosis.
D A cell plate is laid down during interphase

The correct answer is:
Chromosome is made up of two sister chromatids at anaphase of mitosis.

Solution:
Mitosis consists of karyokinesis followed by cytokinesis. Karyokinesis includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. In prophase, the condensation of chromatin takes place. In metaphase nuclear envelope disintegrates and chromosome condensation completes and chromosomes align at the equator. In anaphase, the chromosomes split and two chromatids separate and thus they start migrating towards the poles. At telophase the chromatids reach the end.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
Select the correct statement from the following.

Options:
A Nissl's granules are found in cell body and dendrites.
B Axonal membrane is more permeable to Na+ at resting state.
C The autonomic nervous system transmits impulses from the CNS to the voluntary muscles and organs of the body.
D Typical neurons in PNS are non myelinated.

The correct answer is:
Nissl's granules are found in cell body and dendrites.

Solution:
A typical neuron consists of 3 major parts:
A. cell body: It contains cytoplasm, typical cell organelles and Nissl's granules (granular bodies).
B. Dendrites: These are short fibres arising from the cell body and branching repeatedly. These also possess Nissl's granules. These fibres transmit impulses towards the cell body.
C. Axon: It is a long fibre which is branched at its distal end. Each branch ends into a bulb-like structure which is termed as a synaptic knob. The synaptic knob has synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Select the correct statement from the following.

Options:
A Valves guard the openings in the septum through which the atrium and ventricle are interconnected.
B Inter-atrial septum and inter-ventricular septum are thick partitions while atrio-ventricular partitions are thin.
C Mitral valve has two fibrous non-muscular cusps.
D All of the above.

The correct answer is:
Valves guard the openings in the septum through which the atrium and ventricle are interconnected.

Solution:
Human heart:
Location: In the thoracic cavity in between the two lungs and slightly tilted to the left.
Size: Size of a clenched fist.
The heart is covered by a protective double membranous bag: pericardium. It has pericardial fluid in between.
The heart has 4 chambers: 2 atria (small upper chambers) + 2 ventricles (larger lower chambers).
Inter-atrial septum: It is a thin, muscular wall separating the right and the left atria.
Inter-ventricular septum: It is a thick, muscular wall separating the left and the right ventricles.
Atrio-ventricular septum: It is a thick fibrous tissue separating the atrium and the ventricle of the same side. These are having an opening within through which the two chambers of the same side are interconnected. Such openings are guarded by valves (atrioventricular valves):
I. Tricuspid valve or TV (made up of 3 muscular flaps or cusps): between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
II. Bicuspid valve or Mitral valve or MV (made up of 2 muscular flaps or cusps): between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Select the correct statement from the following:

Options:
A The magnetic dip is zero at the centre of the earth
B Magnetic dip decreases as we move away from the equator towards the magnetic pole
C Magnetic dip increases as we move away from the equator towards the magnetic pole
D Magnetic dip does not vary from place to place

The correct answer is:
Magnetic dip increases as we move away from the equator towards the magnetic pole

Solution:
At equator, magnetic dip angle δ=0o
At poles, δ=90o
∴δ increases as we move from equator towards poles.

Topic: Physics, Magnetic Properties of Matter, NEET
Select the correct statement from the following.

Options:
A Gymnosperm are both homosporous and heterosporous.
B Marsilea, Ginkgo and Pinus all are gymnosperms.
C The leaves of gymnosperms are not well adapted to extremes of climate.
D The giant redwood tree Sequoia is one of the tallest tree species.

The correct answer is:
The giant redwood tree Sequoia is one of the tallest tree species.

Solution:
All gymnosperm are heterosporous and produces two types of spores microspores and megaspores. Marsilea is Pteridophyta, Ginkgo and Pinus are gymnosperms. The leaves of gymnosperms are well adapted to extremes of climate. One of the gymnosperms, the giant redwood tree Sequoia is one of the tallest tree species. It is called the father of the forest due to its height.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Select the correct statement from the following.

Options:
A Osmotic pressure is the negative pressure applied on hypertonic solution to stop osmosis.
B Osmotic potential is positive.
C More is the solute concentration of solution, more will be the pressure required to prevent water from diffusing in.
D The net direction and the rate of osmosis does not depend on the pressure gradient nor on concentration gradient.

The correct answer is:
More is the solute concentration of solution, more will be the pressure required to prevent water from diffusing in.

Solution:
Osmotic pressure is the positive pressure applied on hypertonic solution to stop osmosis. Osmotic potential is negative, and represents decrease in free energy of the solution on addition of solute. More the solute concentration of solution, more will be the pressure required to prevent water from diffusing in, thus more will be the osmotic pressure.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Select the correct statement from the following.

Options:
A The taxonomic categories from species to kingdom have been shown in descending order starting with species.
B No sub categories exist apart from these.
C As we go higher from species to kingdom, the number of common characteristics goes on decreasing.
D Lower the taxa, more are the characteristics that the members within the taxon share.

The correct answer is:
Lower the taxa, more are the characteristics that the members within the taxon share.

Solution:
The taxonomic categories from species to kingdom have been shown in ascending order starting with species. Taxonomists have also developed sub-categories in this hierarchy to facilitate more sound and scientific placement of various taxa. Lower the taxa, more are the characteristics that the members within the taxon share. As we go higher from species to kingdom, the number of common characteristics goes on increasing.

Topic: Biology, The Living World, NEET
Select the correct statement from the following?

Options:
A Fitness is the end result of the ability to adopt and gets selected by nature
B All mammals except whales and camels have seven cervical vertebrae
C Mutations are random and directional
D Darwinian variations are small and directionless.

The correct answer is:
Fitness is the end result of the ability to adopt and gets selected by nature

Solution:
Survival of the fittest is a result of selection and proliferation of only those organisms which were most suitably adapted to the environment and get selected by nature. To survive in a particular environment, anorganism need to adapt in that environment. If the organism be comes success in adapting them that organism is selected by nature.
Related Theory
Darwinism can explain the survival of fittest but is unable to account for arrival of the fittest. It is difficult to suppose that small variations could have formed organs like wings and mimicry colouration which are useful only in their fully developed state but what about their presence in early stages.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET, NEET 2007
Select the correct statement from the following:

Options:
A Gel electrophoresis is used for amplification of a DNA segment.
B The polymerase enzyme joins the gene of interest and the vector DNA.
C Restriction enzyme digestions are performed by incubating purified DNA molecules with the restriction enzymes of optimum conditions.
D PCR is used for isolation and separation of gene of interest.

The correct answer is:
Restriction enzyme digestions are performed by incubating purified DNA molecules with the restriction enzymes of optimum conditions.

Solution:
Restriction enzyme digestions are performed by incubating purified DNA molecules with the restriction enzymes of optimum conditions. Restriction endonuclease identifies the specific restriction sites or palindromic sequences and cut the DNA under optimum conditions.

Gel electrophoresis is used for separation of DNA fragments based on size.

PCR is used for amplification of a DNA segment.

The DNA ligase enzyme joins the gene of interest and the vector DNA.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET, NEET 2020 (Phase 2)
Select the correct statement from the following:

A. Fleshy cylindrical stem in Euphorbia carries out photosynthesis.
B. Pistia and Eichhornia are examples of offset.
C. Underground stem of grass and strawberry spread to new niche and when older part die new plants are formed.
D. Thorns are woody, straight and pointed.

Options:
A A and B only
B B and D only
C B and C only
D All of these

The correct answer is:
All of these

Solution:
In Euphorbia, the stem becomes fleshy green and cylindrical and carries out photosynthesis. Such stem is called phylloclade. Pistia and Eichhornia are aquatic plants, in which stem is one and two-internode long and bears tuff of roots and bunches of leaves at nodes.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the correct statement from the following given statements.

(I) Properties of tissues are present in the constituent cell and arise as a result of interactions among them.
(II) Properties of cellular organelles are present in the molecular constituents of the organelles and arise as a result of interactions among them.
(III) Living organisms are system capable of responding to external stimuli.

Options:
A I, II and III are correct
B I and II are correct
C Only II is correct
D Only III is correct

The correct answer is:
Only III is correct

Solution:
Cellular organelles characteristics are not present in the molecular components of the organelle but form as a result of interactions among the molecular components making the organelle. Living organisms are self-replicating, evolving and self-regulating interactive systems capable of responding to external stimuli. Properties of tissues are not presenting the constituent cells but arise as a result of interactions among the constituent cells.

Topic: Biology, The Living World, NEET
Select the CORRECT statement from the following:

P In monocots, leaf base expands into a sheath covering the stem partially or wholly

Q In all leguminous plants, the leaf base may become swollen, which is called the pulvinus

R The lamina or leaf blade is the green expanded part of the leaf with vein and veinlets

S Veins provide rigidity to leaf blade

Options:
A P and Q only
B R and S only
C All except Q
D All

The correct answer is:
All

Solution:
The leaf is divided into three parts - leaf base, petiole and lamina or leaf blade. Leaf base is a junction between the leaf and stem and in monocotyledons, it forms a sheath covering the stem completely or partially. In some leguminous plants, it swells up which is called a pulvinus. Petiole helps to hold the leaf blade allowing it to flutter in wind. The leaf blade is extended green part consisting of veins and veinlets which provide rigidity as well as transport food, water and minerals. In monocots, leaf base expands into a sheath covering the stem partially or wholly.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane.

Options:
A $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$and $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ions move across cell membrane by passive transport
B Proteins make up 60 to $70 \%$ of the cell membrane
C Lipids are arranged in a bilayer with polar heads towards the inner part
D Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson

The correct answer is:
Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson

Solution:
In 1972 , Singer and Nicolson proposed fluid mosaic model for internal structure of plasma membrane. This is most widely accepted model for plasma membrane. According to this model, a membrane consists of a continuous bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which globular proteins are embedded. The lipids are arranged in a bilayer with polar heads towards outerside.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET, NEET 2012 (Screening)
Select the correct statement from the following with reference to the work by Cohen and Boyer.

Options:
A Cohen and Boyer were the first scientists to introduce a recombinant DNA in the year 1975.
B They isolated the antibiotic resistance gene by dissolving a piece of DNA from a plasmid.
C The antibiotic resistance gene was linked to the plamid vector using the enzyme DNA helicase.
D The antibiotic resistance gene was isolated from the native plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium.

The correct answer is:
The antibiotic resistance gene was isolated from the native plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium.

Solution:
The first recombinant DNA was constructed by Stanley Cohen and Herbert in 1972. They cut the piece of DNA from a plasmid carrying antibiotic - resistance gene in the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium and linked it to the plasmid of Escherichia coli. The antibiotic resistance gene was linked to the plamid vector using DNA ligase, while the DNA was cut into pieces using restriction enzymes.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET