datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Choose the correct pair

Options:
A Sericulture-rearing silkworms for obtaining silk
B Dairy farm management-management of animals for milk and its products for human consumption
C Poultry farm management-domestication of fowl (birds)
D Pisciculture-catching, processing, or selling of fish, shellfish, or other aquatic animals.

The correct answer is:
Poultry farm management-domestication of fowl (birds)

Solution:
Fishery/pisciculture is an industry devoted to the catching, processing, or selling of fish, shellfish, or other aquatic animals. Sericulture is the field of rearing silkworms for obtaining silk. Poultry is the class of domesticated fowl (birds) used for food or for their eggs. They typically include chicken and ducks, and sometimes turkey and geese. In dairy farm management, dairying is the management of animals for milk and its products for human consumption and deals with processes and systems that increase yield and improve the quality of milk.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
Choose the correct representation of effect of sewage discharge on important characteristics of a river.

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
When sewage is discharged in the river, the dissolved oxygen decreases and the biological oxygen demand BOD increases. Microbes that cause break down of organic matter consume a lot of oxygen. This causes a deficiency of oxygen for fishes and other aquatic organisms leading to their death.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
Choose the correct sequence of biotic succession for hydrosere.

Options:
A Phytoplankton → Floating stage → Submerged stage → Sedges → Reed swamp stage → Bushes → Bushes → Trees
B Zooplankton → Floating stage → Submerged stage → Reed swamp stage → Sedges → Bushes → Trees
C Phytoplankton → Zooplankton → Submerged stage → Floating stage → Reed swamp stage → Sedges → Bushes → Trees
D Zooplankon → Submerged stage → Floating stage → Sedges → Reed swamp stage → Bushes → Trees

The correct answer is:
Phytoplankton → Zooplankton → Submerged stage → Floating stage → Reed swamp stage → Sedges → Bushes → Trees

Solution:
Hydrosere is the series of biotic communities that form/develop in a newly formed aquatic system like a lake or pond.
Hydrosere has several stages of succession as below -
Phytoplanktons (producers) → zooplanktons (consumer) → rooted submerged hydrophytes → free-floating hydrophytes → reed swamps → sedges or marsh-meadow stage → woodland or scrub stage → trees (climax forest).

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Choose the correct sequence of reagents in the conversion of 4-nitrotoluene to 2 -bromotoluene.

Options:
A $\mathrm{Br}_2 ; \mathrm{Sn} / \mathrm{HCl} ; \mathrm{NaNO}_2 / \mathrm{HCl} ; \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} / \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_2$
B $\mathrm{Sn} / \mathrm{HCl} ; \mathrm{Br}_2 ; \mathrm{NaNO}_2 / \mathrm{HCl} ; \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} / \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_2$
C $\mathrm{NaNO}_2 / \mathrm{HCl} ; \mathrm{Sn} / \mathrm{HCl} ; \mathrm{Br}_2 ; \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} / \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_2$
D $\mathrm{Sn} / \mathrm{HCl} ; \mathrm{NaNO}_2 / \mathrm{HCl} ; \mathrm{Br}_2 ; \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} / \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_2$

The correct answer is:
$\mathrm{Br}_2 ; \mathrm{Sn} / \mathrm{HCl} ; \mathrm{NaNO}_2 / \mathrm{HCl} ; \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} / \mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_2$

Solution:

Topic: Chemistry, Aldehydes and Ketones, NEET, NEET 2023 (Manipur)
Choose the correct sequence of stages of the growth curve bacteria.

Options:
A Lag, log, stationary, decline phase
B Lag, log, stationary phase
C Stationary, lag, log, decline phase
D Decline, lag, log phase

The correct answer is:
Lag, log, stationary, decline phase

Solution:
Bacterial growth cycles in a growth curve consist of four phases: lag, exponential (log), stationary, and death.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET, NEET 2002
Choose the correct sequence of stages of the growth curve for bacteria.

Options:
A Lag, log, stationary, decline phase
B Lag, log, stationary phase
C Stationary, lag, log, decline phase
D Decline, lag, log phase

The correct answer is:
Lag, log, stationary, decline phase

Solution:
The growth curve for bacteria is sigmoid. The first phase is the phase of slow growth, the lag phase. The second phase is the period of accelerated growth, the log phase. The third phase is the phase when growth rate becomes stable, stationary phase. Finally, the growth rate declines.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Choose the correct statement.

Options:
A Vasa recta is well developed in cortical nephrons
B The PCT and DCT are situated in the medulla of the kidney
C The golmerulus encloses the Bowman's capsule
D The ascending limb of the Henle's loop extends as the DCT

The correct answer is:
The ascending limb of the Henle's loop extends as the DCT

Solution:
The ascending limb of Henle's loop (the next part of renal tubule) continues as another highly coiled tubular region called Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT).
The juxtamedullary nephrons have long Henle's loop.
Vasa recta are absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons.
Bowman's capsule encloses the glomerulus.
The Malpighian corpuscles, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) are situated in the cortical region of the kidney, whereas the Henle's loop in the medulla.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET
Choose the correct statement.

Options:
A The C4-plants do not have RuBisCO.
B Carboxylation of RuBP leads to the formation of PGA and phosphoglycolate.
C Carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate results in the formation of oxalic acid in C4-plants.
D Decarboxylation of C4-acids occur in the mesophyll cells.

The correct answer is:
Carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate results in the formation of oxalic acid in C4-plants.

Solution:
C4 plants have both Rubisco-enzyme and PEP carboxylase. Carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (3C) results in the formation of oxaloacetic acid (4C) in C4 plants.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Choose the CORRECT statement.

Options:
A Cockroach is a diurnal organism.
B RBCs of cockroach are white in colour.
C Abdomen of female cockroach is made up of 4 segments.
D Abdomen of both male and female cockroach is made up of 10 segments

The correct answer is:
Abdomen of both male and female cockroach is made up of 10 segments

Solution:
Cockroach belongs to phylum Arthropoda. The bodyis divided into Head, thorax and abdomen. Head is made up of six segments and is freely movable in all directions. Thorax is made up of three parts: Prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax. The abdomen is made up of ten segments in both male and female.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Choose the correct statement.

Options:
A work done by internal forces is equal to change in potential energy
B net work done on the body is equal to change in total mechanical energy
C net work done by all forces other than conservative forces is equal to change in total mechanical energy
D net work done on the system by internal forces is always zero

The correct answer is:
net work done by all forces other than conservative forces is equal to change in total mechanical energy

Solution:
Let work done by all forces other than conservative forces =Wothers
Work done by conservative forces, Wcon is negative of change in potential energy.
Wcon=-ΔU
From work energy theorem,
Wby all forces=ΔK
Wothers+Wcon=ΔK
Wothers-ΔU=ΔK
Wothers=ΔU+ΔK
Therefore work done by all forces other than conservative forces is equal to change in total mechanical energy.

Topic: Physics, Work Power Energy, NEET
Choose the correct statement.

Options:
A All mammals are viviparous.
B All cyclostomes do not possess jaws and paired fins.
C All reptiles have a three-chambered heart.
D All Pisces have gills covered by an operculum.

The correct answer is:
All cyclostomes do not possess jaws and paired fins.

Solution:
Cyclostomes belong to the division Agnatha. They are jawless vertebrates without paired fins. The Cyclostomata are the living Agnathans, they are primitive in many respects but specialised in others. In the adult stage, they are parasitic or scavengers on fishes. They have round bodies with laterally compressed or diphycercal tails.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 2)
Choose the correct statement:

Options:
A Diamond is covalent and graphite is ionic.
B Diamond is sp3 hybridised and graphite is sp2 hybridized.
C Both diamond and graphite are used as dry lubricants.
D Diamond and graphite have two dimensional network.

The correct answer is:
Diamond is sp3 hybridised and graphite is sp2 hybridized.

Solution:
Both diamond and graphite are covalent. Diamond is sp3 hybridised and has 3 -D network. Graphite is sp2 hybridised and has planar structure Only Graphite is used as dry lubricants.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 1)
Choose the correct statement about a muscular tissue:

Options:
A Skeletal muscle fibres are uninucleated and found in parallel bundles.
B Intercalated discs allow the cardiac muscle cells to contract as a unit.
C The walls of blood vessels are made up of columnar epithelium.
D Smooth muscles are multinucleated and involuntary.

The correct answer is:
Intercalated discs allow the cardiac muscle cells to contract as a unit.

Solution:
Skeletal muscle fibres are multinucleated and bundled in a parallel manner. Communication junction (Gap junction) in the intercalated disc of cardiac muscles allow the cardiac muscle cells to contract as a unit.
Blood vessel lining contains simple squamous epithelium.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 2)
Choose the correct statement about DNA packaging from the following.

Options:
A The beads-on-string structure in chromatin is packaged to form chromatin fibers that are further coiled and condensed during metaphase.
B A typical nucleosome contains 300 bp of DNA helix.
C Histones are rich in the basic amino acid residues glycine and arginine, both of which carry a positive charge.
D In a typical nucleus, the region of chromatin which stains light is referred to as heterochromatin.

The correct answer is:
The beads-on-string structure in chromatin is packaged to form chromatin fibers that are further coiled and condensed during metaphase.

Solution:
The beads-on-string structure in chromatin is packaged to form chromatin fibers that are further coiled and condensed at metaphase stage of cell division to form chromosomes. The packaging of chromatin at higher level requires an additional set of proteins that collectively are referred to as non-histone chromosomal (NHC) proteins.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Choose the correct statement about the accessory pigments found in plants.

Options:
A Accessory pigments do not have the ability of absorbing light.
B Accessory pigments of plants includes chlorophyll a, caretenoids and xanthophylls.
C Accessory pigments prevent the photo-oxidation of chlorophyll a.
D The rate of photosynthesis performed by the accessory pigments is negligible.

The correct answer is:
Accessory pigments prevent the photo-oxidation of chlorophyll a.

Solution:
Most of the photosynthesis takes place in the blue and red regions of the spectrum; some photosynthesis does take place at the other wavelengths of the visible spectrum. Though chlorophyll is the major pigment responsible for trapping light, other thylakoid pigments like chlorophyll b, xanthophylls and carotenoids, which are called accessory pigments, also absorb light and transfer the energy to chlorophyll a. Indeed, they not only enable a wider range of wavelength of incoming light to be utilised for photosyntesis but also protect chlorophyll a from photo-oxidation.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Choose the correct statement about the direction of the DNA strand.

Options:
A DNA synthesis takes place in 5' → 3' direction on the template strand
B DNA synthesis takes place in 3' → 5' direction on the new strand
C DNA synthesis takes place in 5' → 3' direction on the leading strand
D None of these

The correct answer is:
DNA synthesis takes place in 5' → 3' direction on the leading strand

Solution:
The new DNA strand is formed on a 3' to 5' strand continuously in 5' → 3' direction. This strand which is formed continuously is called leading strand, and this synthesis is aided by the enzyme DNA polymerase.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Choose the correct statement about the major product formed in E2 reaction ?

Options:
A The major product will be optically active
B The major product will be trans-3-Methyl-2-pentene
C The major product will be cis-3-Methyl-2-pentene
D The major product will be 3-Methyl-1-pentene

The correct answer is:
The major product will be cis-3-Methyl-2-pentene

Solution:
The given alkyl bromide can be rotated to give the following conformer in which H and Br are antiplanar.

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET
Choose the correct statement about the patterns of biodiversity.

Options:
A The diversity of plants and animals is uniform and evenly distributed throughout the world.
B The tropics harbour more species than the temperate or polar regions.
C Speciation is a function of time as the tropical latitudes have been disturbed by frequent glaciations in the past.
D Lesser solar energy in the temperate regions contributes to higher productivity and greater diversity in species.

The correct answer is:
The tropics harbour more species than the temperate or polar regions.

Solution:
In general, species diversity decreases as we move away from the equator towards the poles. With very few exceptions, tropics (latitudinal range of 23.5Â° N to 23.5Â° S) harbour more species than temperate or polar areas. Colombia located near the equator has nearly 1,400 species of birds, whereas New York at 41Â° N has 105 species and Greenland at 71Â° N has only 56 species.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Choose the correct statement about the transmission of impulses.

Options:
A At electrical synapses, the membranes of pre- and post-synaptic neurons are situated far from each other.
B The synaptic vessels fuse with the plasma membrane and release their neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft.
C The released neurotransmitters bind to their specific receptors, present on the pre-synaptic membrane.
D Impulse transmission across a chemical synapse is always faster than that across an electrical synapse.

The correct answer is:
The synaptic vessels fuse with the plasma membrane and release their neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft.

Solution:
At electrical synapses, the membranes of pre- and post-synaptic neurons are in very close proximity. Electrical current can flow directly from one neuron into the other across these synapses. Impulse transmission across an electrical synapse is always faster than that across a chemical synapse.
The axon terminals contain vesicles filled with these neurotransmitters. When an impulse (action potential) arrives at the axon terminal, it stimulates the movement of the synaptic vesicles towards the membrane where they fuse with the plasma membrane and release their neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. The released neurotransmitters bind to their specific receptors, present on the post-synaptic membrane.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Choose the CORRECT statement amongst the following.

Options:
A During the time of stress, cortisol acts as an anabolic hormone in muscle and adipose tissue
B The posterior pituitary is connected to hypothalamus by a portal system
C Prolonged lack of iodine has a significant effect on thyroxine secretion
D Injection of calcitonin causes hypercalcemia

The correct answer is:
Prolonged lack of iodine has a significant effect on thyroxine secretion

Solution:
At the time of stress, adrenaline acts as an anabolic hormone. The anterior pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus through the portal system. Thyroxine hormone secretion depends on iodine trapped by the thyroid gland. This lack of iodine causes a significant effect on thyroxine. Injection of calcitonin causes hypocalcemia.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Choose the correct statement for an isolated system.

Options:
A Δ U C → D = negative
B Δ Q A → B = positive
C Δ U A - B - C - D - A ≠ 0
D Δ Q D &xrarr; A = 0

The correct answer is:
Δ Q D &xrarr; A = 0

Solution:
In an isolated system no heat is exhanged between system and surrounding during process.
Here as system is isolated ΔQ = 0, for any part of system in graph.
Question from p-V curve are very importent from examination point of view, conceptual clearity is necessary to tackle. These problems a problem which seem difficult may involve a basic concept with which it can be solved easily. Work dine in p-V curve, change in internal energy etc., are common questions which are asked in examination.

Topic: Physics, Thermodynamics, NEET
Choose the correct statement from the following.

Options:
A Widal test is the test used for detecting cholera.
B Restriction endonuclease is found in HIV.
C Malaria is caused by female Anopheles mosquito.
D Adult humans possess 26 cervical vertebrae.

The correct answer is:
Restriction endonuclease is found in HIV.

Solution:
Widal test is the test for detecting typhoid, Malaria is caused by a protozoan - Plasmodium and an adult human possesses 7 cervical vertebrae.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Choose the correct statement from the following.

Options:
A Internal fertilisation shows a greater degree of synchrony due to the production of a large number of gametes.
B Offsprings born from external fertilisation are extremely vulnerable to predators.
C Both birds and reptiles show external fertilisation.
D Non-motile male gametes are the characteristic feature of internal fertilisation.

The correct answer is:
Offsprings born from external fertilisation are extremely vulnerable to predators.

Solution:
Organisms exhibiting external fertilisation show great synchrony between the sexes and release a large number of gametes into the surrounding medium (water) in order to enhance the chances of syngamy. This happens in the bony fishes and frogs where a large number of offspring are produced. A major disadvantage is that the offspring are extremely vulnerable to predators threatening their survival up to adulthood.

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
Choose the correct statement from the following.

Options:
A The temperature of Earth has increased by 0.6°C in the past century.
B CH4 contributes about 14% of all the greenhouse gases to global warming.
C Clouds and gases reflect about one-third of the incoming solar radiation, and absorb some of it.
D El Nino effect is referred to the melting of the ice caps of the Himalayan region.

The correct answer is:
The temperature of Earth has increased by 0.6°C in the past century.

Solution:
Increase in the level of greenhouse gases has led to considerable heating of Earth leading to global warming. During the past century, the temperature of Earth has increased by 0.6 oC, most of it during the last three decades. Scientists believe that this rise in temperature is leading to deleterious changes in the environment and resulting in odd climatic changes (e.g. El Nino effect) , thus leading to increased melting of polar ice caps as well as of other places like the Himalayan snow caps. Over many years, this will result in a rise in sea level that can submerge many coastal areas. The total spectrum of changes that global warming can bring about is a subject that is still under active research.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
Choose the correct statement from the following.

Options:
A Dioecious organisms are seen only in animals.
B Dioecious organisms are seen only in plants.
C Dioecious organisms are seen in both plants and animals.
D Dioecious organisms are seen only in vertebrates.

The correct answer is:
Dioecious organisms are seen in both plants and animals.

Solution:
When male and female sex organs develops in different individual than the organism is called as dioecious. Dioecious condition is more common in animals but it is also seen in plants when male and female flowers are developed in different plants as in papaya and date palm.

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
Choose the correct statement from the following.

Options:
A Embryo sac is formed by the reduction division in megaspore.
B Typical female gametophyte is 6-celled 8 nucleate.
C The cells located at chalazal ends of embryo sac are called as antipodals
D Filliform apparatus is a characteristic feature of antipodals.

The correct answer is:
The cells located at chalazal ends of embryo sac are called as antipodals

Solution:
Embryo sac is female gametophyte of angiosperm which is formed by mitosis in megaspore which is formed by reductional division in megaspore mother cell. Megaspore undergoes three mitosis to form most common type of embryo sac, which is 7- celled and 8 - nucleated structure. Embryo sac consists of 3 cells towards chalazal end known as antipodals, large cell in center known as central cell and egg apparatus towards micropylar end, having one egg cell and 2 synergids. Synergid consists of filliform apparatus.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Choose the correct statement from the following.

A. The western ghats have a greater amphibian species diversity than the eastern ghats.
B. Diversity exists at all levels of biological organization ranging from macromolecules within cells to biomes.
C. Rauwolfia vomitoria show genetic variation in terms of potency and concentration of the reserpine produced.
D. Norway has greater ecosystem diversity than India.

Options:
A A and B only
B B and D only
C A, B and C only
D A, B, C and D

The correct answer is:
A, B and C only

Solution:
India a tropical country has more ecological diversity than a Scandinavian country than Norway. It has deserts, rain forest, mangroves, coral reefs, wetlands, estuaries and alpine meadows.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Choose the correct statement from the following.

Options:
A Dioecious (hermaphrodite) organisms are seen only in animals.
B Dioecious organisms are seen only in plants.
C Dioecious organisms are seen in both plants and animals.
D Dioecious organisms are seen only in vertebrates.

The correct answer is:
Dioecious organisms are seen in both plants and animals.

Solution:
Having the male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals are called dioecious. Dioecious organisms are seen in both plants (like papaya) and animals (like a cockroach).

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
Choose the correct statement given below regarding juxta medullary nephron.

Options:
A Renal corpuscle of juxta medullary nephron lies in the outer portion of the renal medulla.
B Loop of Henle of juxta medullary nephron runs deep into medulla.
C Juxta medullary nephrons outnumber the cortical nephrons.
D Juxta medullary nephrons are located in the columns of Bertini.

The correct answer is:
Loop of Henle of juxta medullary nephron runs deep into medulla.

Solution:
The correct answer is option no, (2) because the length of loop of Henle of juxta medullary nephron is longer than the length of loop of Henle of cortical nephron and runs deep into medulla.
Option (1) is incorrect because renal corpuscle of juxta medullary nephron lies in inner cortical region.
Option (3) is incorrect as juxta medullary nephrons are lesser in number than cortical nephrons.
Option (4) is incorrect as juxta medullary nephron are not present in columns of Bertini.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET, NEET 2024