datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
The salinity of the sea measured in parts per thousand is:

Options:
A 0Â âÂ 5
B 30 â 35
C 10Â âÂ 15
D 30Â âÂ 70

The correct answer is:
30 â 35

Solution:
The salt concentration (measured as salinity in parts per thousand), is less than 5 in inland waters, 30-35 in the sea and > 100 in some hypersaline lagoons. Some organisms are tolerant of a wide range of salinities (euryhaline) but others are restricted to a narrow range (stenohaline).

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
The salivary gland chromosomes in the dipteran larvae, are useful in gene mapping because:

Options:
A these are fused
B these are much longer in size
C these are easy to stain
D they have endore duplicated chromosomes.

The correct answer is:
they have endore duplicated chromosomes.

Solution:
Polytene chromosomes are giant chromosomes found in the salivary gland cells of some dipterian larvae. They also occur in the epithelial cells of intestine, fat bodies, Malpighian tubules etc. They begin as normal chromosomes, but through repeated rounds of DNA replication without any cell division (called endoreplication/endomitosis), they become large, having a high content of DNA.
Related Theory
In some developmental stages, one or more bands bear conspicuous swellings called chromosome puffs or bulbs. The larger swellings are known as Balbiani rings. These puffs are made up of a core of DNA surrounded by a matrix of RNA. These regions contain actively transcribing DNA and are involved in the synthesis of different RNA types. The process of puffing is related to gene expression.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET, NEET 2005
The salt concentration is 30–35 (salinity in parts per thousand) in

Options:
A inland water
B sea
C hypersaline lagoons
D estuaries

The correct answer is:
sea

Solution:
The salt concentration (measured as salinity in parts per thousand) is less than 5 in inland waters, 30-35 in the sea and >100 in some hypersaline lagoons.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
The same current I flows in two long parallel conductors at a distance 2d, as shown. The strength of the magnetic field at a point P, equidistant from both conductors, is

Options:
A μ0Id4πa
B μ0Id2πa
C μ0Id4πa2
D μ0Idπa2

The correct answer is:
μ0Idπa2

Solution:
B=μ0I2πa

BP=2×μ0I2πa×da

BP=μ0Id2πa2

Topic: Physics, Magnetic Effects of Current, NEET
The same peptide hormone will show variation in response to different cells because

Options:
A different target cells have different sets of genes
B a target cells' response is determined by the components of its signal transduction pathways
C the circulatory system regulates response to hormone by routing the hormone to specific targets
D the hormone is chemically altered in different ways as it travels through the circulatory system

The correct answer is:
a target cells' response is determined by the components of its signal transduction pathways

Solution:
Hormone is a chemical messenger which starts a cascade of cellular reaction once it reaches the target site. The same hormone can have different effect on different target site due to the variation in the cell signaling system. Once the hormone binds to the target cell, it starts a cell signaling pathway which alters in different target cell giving us different response. Example is epinephrine

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
The SAN generates an action potential which stimulates both the atria to undergo a simultaneous contraction and this is known as the _________

Options:
A the atrial diastole
B the atrial systole
C the ventricular systole
D the ventricular diastole

The correct answer is:
the atrial systole

Solution:
Sinoatrial node is a modified myocardial structure that can initiate action potential to stimulate atria to undergo contraction. This contraction of the atrial chamber increases the blood flow in to the lower chambers of heart by 30%.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
The satellite of mass m revolving in a circular orbit of radius r around the earth has kinetic energy E. Then its angular momentum will be

Options:
A Emr2
B E2mr2
C 2 Emr2
D 2 Emr

The correct answer is:
2 Emr2

Solution:
If m is the mass and v is the orbital velocity of the satellite, then kinetic energy.
E=12mv2
or Em=12m2v2
or m2v2=2Em
or mv=2Em ….i
If r is the radius of the orbit of the satellite, then its angular momentum
L=mvr
Using Eq. (i),
L=2Emr=2Emr2

Topic: Physics, Gravitation, NEET
The scapula is a large triangular flat bone situated in the dorsal part of the thorax between the

Options:
A second and fifth ribs
B third and sixth ribs
C third and eighth ribs
D second and seventh ribs

The correct answer is:
second and seventh ribs

Solution:
The scapula (shoulder blade) consists of a sharp ridge, the spine and a triangular body. The end of the spine projects as a flattened and expanded process called the acromion process. This process articulates with the clavicle. The scapula bone is situated in the dorsal part of the thorax between the second and the seventh ribs.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
The scapula is a large triangular flat bone situated in the dorsal part of the thorax between the

Options:
A Second and fifth ribs
B Second and seventh ribs
C Third and eighth ribs
D Fourth and seventh ribs

The correct answer is:
Second and seventh ribs

Solution:
The scapula is a large triangular flat bone situated in the dorsal part of the thorax between the second and the seventh ribs. The dorsal, flat, triangular body of the scapula has a slightly elevated ridge called the spine which projects as a flat, expended process called the acromion.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
The science of rearing, feeding, care, breeding and utilization of animals is called

Options:
A Poultry
B Veterinary science
C Animal husbandry
D Dairy science

The correct answer is:
Animal husbandry

Solution:
Animal husbandry is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock. Animal husbandry deals with the care and breeding of livestock like buffaloes, cows, pigs, horses, cattle, sheep, camels, goats, etc., that are useful to humans.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
The scientific process by which crop plants are enriched with certain desirable nutrients is called

Options:
A Crop protection
B Biofortification
C Breeding
D Bioremediation

The correct answer is:
Biofortification

Solution:
Biofortification, the increase of micronutrients in the edible parts of the plants, can be achieved by either mineral fertilization or plant breeding. Biofortification through plant breeding consists of the development of micronutrient-enhanced crop varieties through conventional breeding.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
The screening effect of s, p, d and f subshells lies in the order

Options:
A s > p > d > f
B s < p < d < f
C d > p > s > f
D s > f > d > p

The correct answer is:
s > p > d > f

Solution:
The screening effect of s, p, d and f subshells lies in the order s > p > d > f. as screening effect Î± penetrating power of subshell.

Topic: Chemistry, Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties, NEET
The scutellum is a part of

Options:
A embryo
B endosperm
C seed coat
D pericarp

The correct answer is:
embryo

Solution:
The scutellum is a thin modified seed leaf. They are usually found in the monocot seeds as a shield over the cotyledons. The embryo is the part that grows further and forms a plant and the scutellum is found in the embryo. In dicots, the scutella is known as cotyledons and in monocots, this seed leaf is known scutellum. Therefore in monocots (seeds having spindle cotyledon), the scutellum is found in the embryo.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
The scutellum observed in a grain of wheat or maize is comparable to which part of the seed in other monocotyledons?

Options:
A Cotyledon
B Endosperm
C Aleurone layer
D Plumule

The correct answer is:
Cotyledon

Solution:
In wheat or maize (family-Poaceae), the scutellum is thought to be a modified cotyledon or seed leaf.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2010 (Screening)
The second and third rows of transition elements resemble each other much more than they resemble the first row. Explain why?

Options:
A The second and third rows have similar electron configurations.
B The second and third rows have similar atomic sizes.
C The second and third rows have similar ionization energies.
D The first row has a completely filled d-orbital, while the second and third rows have partially filled d-orbitals.

The correct answer is:
The second and third rows have similar atomic sizes.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
The second and third rows have similar atomic sizes.

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET
The second commitment period for Kyoto Protocol was decided at:

Options:
A Durban
B Bali
C Doha
D Cancun.

The correct answer is:
Doha

Solution:
The second commitment period for Kyoto protocol is from $1^{\text {st }}$ january, 2013 to $31^{\text {st }}$ december, 2020, for reducing overall greenhouse gas emission levels below $5 \%$ than in 1990, was decided at Doha, Qatar on $8^{\text {th }}$ December, 2012.
Related Theory
In 2015, at the sustainable development summit held in Paris, all UNFCCC participants signed yet another pact, the Paris Climate Agreement, which effectively replaced the Kyoto Protocol.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET, NEET 2013 (Karnataka)
The second heart sound (dubb) is associated with the closure of

Options:
A Tricuspid valve
B Semilunar valves
C Bicuspid valve
D Tricuspid and bicuspid valves.

The correct answer is:
Semilunar valves

Solution:
The second heart sound (dubb) is associated with the closure of Semilunar valves.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
The second maturation division of the mammalian ovum occurs

Options:
A shortly after ovulation before the ovum makes entry into the Fallopian tube
B until after the ovum has been penetrated by a sperm
C until the nucleus of the sperm has fused with that of the ovum
D in the Graafian follicle following the first maturation division

The correct answer is:
until after the ovum has been penetrated by a sperm

Solution:
In mammalian ovum during maturation phase, meiosis occurs, nucleus shifts towards animal pole and undergoes meiosis-I. After fertilization (penetration of sperm), the second meiotic division is completed with unequal cytoplasmic cleavage. This forms a large cell the ootid with essentially whole of the cytoplasm and a very small cell, the second polar body.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET, NEET 2010 (Screening)
The second overtone of an open organ pipe has the same frequency as the first overtone of a closed pipe which is L meter long. The length of the open pipe will be

Options:
A L
B 2L
C L2
D 4L

The correct answer is:
2L

Solution:
Let the length of open organ pipe be $L'$.

Frequency of second overtone of open organ pipe is given as, f1=3v2L', where v is speed of sound in air.

Frequency of first overtone of closed pipe is given as, f2=3v4L.

According to question, f1=f2

3v2L'=3v4L⇒L'=2L.

Hence, length of open organ pipe must be twice the length of closed organ pipe.

Topic: Physics, Waves and Sound, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 2)
The second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals is:

Options:
A Annelida
B Aschelminthes
C Mollusca
D Platyhelminthes

The correct answer is:
Mollusca

Solution:
Mollusca is the second largest phylum of the animal kingdom because of its huge class - Gastropoda (univalvia).
Phylum Arthropoda is the largest phylum.
Mollusc means soft-bodied animals.
Habitat: Aquatic (marine or freshwater) or terrestrial.
Symmetry: Bilaterally symmetrical.
Level of organization: Organ system level.
They are triploblastic and eucoelomate.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
The secretion of endocrine gland's hormones are chemically

Options:
A protein or polypeptides
B glycoproteins
C steroids
D all of the above

The correct answer is:
all of the above

Solution:
The secretions of endocrine glands are called hormones, which are chemicals and are released into the blood. Chemically hormone may be a protein or polypeptide or glycoprotein or steroidal compound.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
The secretions of

gland help in lubrication of the penis.

Options:
A Prostate gland
B Bulbourethral gland
C Seminal vesicle
D None of these

The correct answer is:
Bulbourethral gland

Solution:
A bulbourethral gland, also called a Cowper's gland, named after the English anatomist William Cowper, is one of two small exocrine glands in the male reproductive system. The secretions of bulbourethral glands help in the lubrication of the penis and neutralizing the acidity of urethra.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
The secretions of the male sex accessory glands constitute the

Options:
A Seminal plasma
B Serum
C Semen
D Urine

The correct answer is:
Seminal plasma

Solution:
The male accessory glands include the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland and the bulbourethral glands. These glands play a role in facilitating the transfer of sperms into the vagina during copulation. The seminal plasma is nothing but the fluid which has secretions from all the organs of the seminal tract and together with the sperms it forms the semen.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
The section of DNA which aids in initiating the transcription and serving as a binding site for RNA polymerase is called ___

Options:
A Promoter
B Container
C Human genome project
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Promoter

Solution:
The section of DNA which aids in initiating the transcription and serving as a binding site for RNA polymerase is called promoter

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
The seed of Pinus is

Options:
A Uneconomic and nonendospermic
B Abaxial and rounded
C Adaxial and endospermic
D Hypogeal and monocotyledonous

The correct answer is:
Adaxial and endospermic

Solution:
Seed of Pinus is endospermic, perispermic diploid (2n). The wing of seed is thin, membranous diploid (2x) and develops jointly from the basal upper surface (adaxial) of ovuliferous scale and outer layer of integument of the ovule.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
The segment of DNA, which acts as the instrumental manual for the synthesis of the protein is

Options:
A nucleotide
B ribose
C gene
D nucleoside

The correct answer is:
gene

Solution:
The segment of DNA which acts as the instrumental manual for the synthesis of the protein is gene. Every protein in a cell has a corresponding gene.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
The semilog of per minute growing bacteria is plotted against time. What will be the shape of the graph?

Options:
A Sigmoid
B Hyperbolic
C Ascending straight line
D Descending straight line

The correct answer is:
Ascending straight line

Solution:
Semilog of per minute growing bacterium when plotted against time, would yield ascending straight line.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET, NEET 2002
The semi-major axis of the orbit of Saturn is approximately nine times that of Earth. The time period of revolution of Saturn is approximately equal to

Options:
A 81 years
B 27 years
C 729 years
D 9 years

The correct answer is:
27 years

Solution:
Given, Semi-major axis of the orbit of Saturn =9 re
Where, re= semi-major axis of the earth
According to Kepler's law,
T2âr3
Let the time period of revolution of Saturn around the sun is TS
â´ TS2TE2=9rere3
TS2=TE293
TS=TE293
=932Ã1 year
â27 years

Topic: Physics, Gravitation, NEET
The seminal fluid coagulates on ejaculation due to

Options:
A sodium contents from prostatic secretion
B sodium contents from Cowper's glands
C calcium and fibrinogen contents from prostatic and seminal vesicles secretions, respectively.
D secretions of epididymis

The correct answer is:
calcium and fibrinogen contents from prostatic and seminal vesicles secretions, respectively.

Solution:
The action of clotting enzyme (of prostate) over fibrinogen (of seminal vesicles) changes the semen into a coagulum in vagina.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
The seminal fluid coagulates on ejaculation due to

Options:
A sodium contents from prostatic secretion
B sodium contents from Cowper's glands
C calcium and fibrinogen contents from prostatic and seminal vesicles secretions, respectively.
D secretions of epididymis

The correct answer is:
calcium and fibrinogen contents from prostatic and seminal vesicles secretions, respectively.

Solution:
After ejaculation, within 15 minutes, the semen coagulates. The calcium and fibrinogen helps in seminal clotting and âforms globules. Thus helps to keep the ejaculated sperm in the female reproductive tract. After about some 30-40 minutes, prostate-specific antigen present in the semen causes the de coagulation of the semen. The initial clotting keeps the semen active in the acidic environment of the vagina, while de coagulation/liquefaction frees the sperm to make their journey to the ova.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
The sensory organs detect all types of changes in the environment and send appropriate signals to

Options:
A Peripheral nervous system
B Autonomous nervous system
C Central nervous system
D None of these

The correct answer is:
Central nervous system

Solution:
The sensory organs detect all types of changes in the environment and send appropriate signals to the CNS, where all the inputs are processed and analyzed. Signals are then sent to different parts/centers of the brain. This is how the person senses the changes in the environment.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
The separated bands of DNA are cut out from the agarose gel and are extracted from the gel piece. This is known as

Options:
A denaturation
B extension
C elution
D recognition

The correct answer is:
elution

Solution:
The separated bands of DNA are cut out from the agarose gel and are extracted from the gel piece. This process is known as elution.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
The separated DNA fragment can be visualized only after staining the DNA with

Options:
A ethidium sulphide
B ethidium bromide
C ethidium sulphite
D ethidium bromite

The correct answer is:
ethidium bromide

Solution:
Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is a fluorescent dye widely used in molecular biology research. It is a mutagenic compound that intercalates double-stranded DNA and RNA and has been used in multiple fluorimetric assays for nucleic acids. It is a powerful inhibitor of DNA polymerase. It fluoresces under ultra violet light. Hence, DNA separated using agarose gel electrophoresis can be visualised under UV lamp.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
The separation between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor, connected to a battery (zero resistance) of constant EMF is increased with constant (very slow) speed by external forces. During the process, w is the work done by external forces. ÎU is the change in potential energy of the capacitor, wb is work done by the battery and H is the heat loss in the circuit. Then

Options:
A w+wb=ΔU
B H≠0
C H=ΔU
D w=0

The correct answer is:
w+wb=ΔU

Solution:
Since the plates are being moved very slowly there is no heat loss. So the total work done by external agent and battery will be equal to the change in potential energy of the system

Topic: Physics, Electrostatics, NEET
The separation between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is 5 mm . This capacitor, having air as the dielectric medium between the plates, is charged to a potential difference 25 V using a battery. The battery is then disconnected and a dielectric slab of thickness 3 mm and dielectric constant K=10 is placed between the plates, as shown. The potential difference between the plates after the dielectric slab has been introduced is

Options:
A 18.5 V
B 13.5 V
C 11.5 V
D 6.5 V

The correct answer is:
11.5 V

Solution:
The capacitor is charged by a battery 25 V . Let the magnitude of surface charge density on each plate be σ . Before inserting the dielectric slab, field strength between the plates,
E=σε0=Vd
or E=σε0=255×10-3=5000 N/C
The capacitor is disconnected from the battery but the charge on it will not change so σ has the same value. When a dielectric slab of thickness 3mm is placed between the plates, the air thickness between the plates will be 5-3=2 mm . Electric field strength in air will have the same value 5000 N/C but inside the dielectric, it will be 5000K=500010=500 N/C
So potential difference
V=Eairdair+Emeddmed
V=5000×2×10-3+500×3×10-3
V=11.5 V

Topic: Physics, Electrostatics, NEET
The sequence of bases on part of a molecule of DNA is shown.

TACAAATGACCA Sense strand

ATGTTTACTGGT Antisense strand

What is the sequence of bases in mRNA transcribed from this sequence?

Options:
A ATGTTTACTGGT
B AUGUUUACUGGU
C TACAAATGACCA
D UACAAAUGACCA

The correct answer is:
UACAAAUGACCA

Solution:
The sense strand is the strand of DNA that has the same sequence as the mRNA, which takes the antisense strand as its template during transcription in making the mRNA.
mRNA and DNA (sense strand) have the same sequence except for the U in mRNA and are replaced by T in DNA (sense strand). If the antisense strand sequence is ATGTTTACTGGT, then the mRNA sequence will be UACAAAUGAGACCA.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
The sequence of communities of primary succession in water is

Options:
A Phytoplankton, sedges, free-floating hydrophytes, rooted hydrophytes, grasses and trees.
B Phytoplankton, free-floating hydrophytes, rooted hydrophytes; sedges, grasses and trees.
C Free-floating hydrophytes, sedges, phytoplankton, rooted hydrophytes, grasses and trees.
D Phytoplankton, rooted submerged hydrophytes, floating hydrophytes, reed swamp, marsh meadow and trees.

The correct answer is:
Phytoplankton, rooted submerged hydrophytes, floating hydrophytes, reed swamp, marsh meadow and trees.

Solution:
In the primary succession in water, the pioneers are small phytoplanktons. They are replaced with time by rooted submerged plants, then by floating hydrophytes, sedges grasses and finally trees.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
The sequence of development of embryo sac is:

Options:
A Archesporium - Megaspore mother cell - Megaspore - Embryo sac
B Archesporium - Megaspore -Megaspore mother cell - Embryo sac
C Archesporium - Megaspore - Megasporophyte - Embryo sac
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Archesporium - Megaspore mother cell - Megaspore - Embryo sac

Solution:
Single archesporial cell develops from nucellus in ovule which forms megaspore mother cell, this MMC undergoes meiosis to form megaspore. Functional megaspore undergoes mitosis to form embryo sac or female gametophyte.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
The sequence of ear ossicles starting from the eardrum is:

Options:
A Malleus, incus, stapes
B Incus, malleus, stapes
C Malleus, stapes, incus
D Stapes, incus, malleus

The correct answer is:
Malleus, incus, stapes

Solution:
The middle ear contains three ossicles called malleus, incus and stapes which are attached to one another in a chain-like fashion. The malleus is attached to the tympanic membrane and the stapes is attached to the oval window of the cochlea. The ear ossicles increase the efficiency of transmission of sound waves to the inner ear.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
The sequence of events by which a cell duplicates its genome, cell constituents, and finally divides into two cells is termed as a cell cycle, and which of the following is not a part of this process?

Options:
A G1
B G0
C S
D M

The correct answer is:
G0

Solution:
Sometimes cell exit from the cell cycle and enter an inactive stage called quiescent stage(Go). In this quiescent stage, cells get differentiated are metabolically active. From the quiescent stage, a cell can again enter into cell cycle.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET