datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
What is the function of hydrochloric acid in the Stephen reaction?

Options:
A To catalyse the reduction of nitriles to imines
B To neutralise the stannous chloride
C To hydrolyze the imines to aldehydes
D To prevent the formation of imines

The correct answer is:
To hydrolyze the imines to aldehydes

Solution:
Hydrochloric acid in the presence of stannous chloride is used to hydrolyze the imines produced in the Stephen reaction to aldehydes.

Topic: Chemistry, Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, NEET
What is the function of hypothalamus in relation to the pituitary gland?

Options:
A It is the location of the pituitary gland
B It is attached to the pituitary gland by a stalk
C It regulates the synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones
D It stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin

The correct answer is:
It regulates the synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones

Solution:
The hypothalamus contains several groups of neurosecretory cells called nuclei that produce hormones which regulate the synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
What is the function of insulin?

Options:
A Helps to digest food
B Helps to regulate glucose metabolism
C Helps to produce bile
D Helps to neutralize stomach acid

The correct answer is:
Helps to regulate glucose metabolism

Solution:
Insulin is a hormone produced by the endocrine portion of the pancreas that helps to regulate glucose metabolism in the body. It promotes the uptake of glucose from the blood into the cells, where it can be used for energy.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
What is the function of integuments in an ovule?

Options:
A To encircle the nucellus
B To serve as a platform for landing of pollen grains
C To serve as an elongated slender part beneath the stigma
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
To encircle the nucellus

Solution:
Each ovule has one or two protective envelopes called integuments. Integuments encircle the nucellus except at the tip where a small opening called the micropyle is organised.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
What is the function of intermediate hosts or vectors in the life cycle of parasites?

Options:
A To spread the parasite to other hosts
B To reduce the survival, growth, and reproduction of the host
C To facilitate parasitisation of the primary host
D To make the host physically weak

The correct answer is:
To facilitate parasitisation of the primary host

Solution:
Darwin notes that the life cycles of parasites often involve one or two intermediate hosts or vectors to facilitate parasitisation of the primary host.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
What is the function of intrinsic factor?

Options:
A To aid in the digestion of food
B To protect the stomach lining
C To absorb Vitamin B₁₂
D To produce enzymes

The correct answer is:
To absorb Vitamin B₁₂

Solution:
Parietal or oxyntic cells in gastric glands secrete HCl and intrinsic factor. Intrinsic factor is a protein that is essential for the absorption of Vitamin B₁₂. It helps in the binding and transport of Vitamin B₁₂ in the small intestine.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
What is the function of juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA)?

Options:
A To regulate the glomerular blood flow
B To release renin
C To stimulate the glomerular filtration rate
D All of the above

The correct answer is:
All of the above

Solution:
JGA has a built-in mechanism for regulation of GFR. It can release renin in response to a fall in GFR, which can stimulate the glomerular blood flow and the GFR back to normal.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET
What is the function of leg-haemoglobin in nodules?

Options:
A To produce energy for nitrogen fixation
B To protect nitrogenase from oxygen
C To produce ammonia
D To establish a direct vascular connection with the host

The correct answer is:
To protect nitrogenase from oxygen

Solution:
Leg-haemoglobin is an oxygen scavenger that protects the nitrogenase enzyme from oxygen, which is highly sensitive to molecular oxygen.

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET
What is the function of lenticels in stems of plants?

Options:
A To act as a mechanical support
B To serve as specialized organs for gaseous exchange
C To provide an interconnected network of air spaces
D To release O₂ during photosynthesis

The correct answer is:
To serve as specialized organs for gaseous exchange

Solution:
Lenticels in stems of plants serve as openings for gaseous exchange.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
What is the function of ligase in restriction enzyme digestion and ligation process?

Options:
A To cut the source DNA
B To cut the vector DNA
C To prepare recombinant DNA
D To purify the DNA

The correct answer is:
To prepare recombinant DNA

Solution:
Ligase is added to the mixture of cut out ‘gene of interest’ from the source DNA and the cut vector with space, which results in the preparation of recombinant DNA)

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
What is the function of lipases in the intestinal juice?

Options:
A To aid in the digestion of carbohydrates
B To aid in the digestion of proteins
C To aid in the digestion of fats
D To aid in the absorption of vitamins

The correct answer is:
To aid in the digestion of fats

Solution:
Lipases are enzymes present in the intestinal juice that help to break down fats into smaller fatty acids and glycerol. These enzymes are essential for the Digestion and Absorption of fats by the body.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
What is the function of lymphocytes in the blood?

Options:
A Transport of respiratory gases
B Clotting of blood
C Immune response
D Destruction of foreign organisms

The correct answer is:
Immune response

Solution:
Lymphocytes (20-25 per cent) are of two major types – ‘B’ and ‘T’ forms. Both B and T lymphocytes are responsible for immune responses of the body.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
What is the function of lysozyme in saliva?

Options:
A To break down starch into maltose
B To act as an antibacterial agent
C To secrete mucus
D To secrete HCl

The correct answer is:
To act as an antibacterial agent

Solution:
Lysozyme present in saliva acts as an antibacterial agent that prevents infections. It helps to protect the body from harmful bacteria by breaking down their cell walls.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
What is the function of lysozyme in saliva?

Options:
A It breaks down carbohydrates
B It breaks down fats
C It breaks down bacterial cell walls
D It neutralizes stomach acid

The correct answer is:
It breaks down bacterial cell walls

Solution:
Lysozyme is an enzyme found in saliva that breaks down the cell walls.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
What is the function of Manganese in the photosynthesis process?

Options:
A It is a constituent of proteins involved in electron transfer.
B It is essential for the formation of chlorophyll.
C It activates enzymes involved in photosynthesis.
D It splits water to liberate oxygen.

The correct answer is:
It splits water to liberate oxygen.

Solution:
In photosynthesis, Manganese splits water to liberate oxygen. This is the best defined function of manganese in plants.

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET
What is the function of medullary rays in a stem?

Options:
A To provide mechanical strength
B To conduct water and minerals
C To store starch
D To connect the phloem and xylem

The correct answer is:
To connect the phloem and xylem

Solution:
In between the vascular bundles there are a few layers of radially placed parenchymatous cells, which constitute medullary rays. These cells connect the phloem and xylem.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
What is the function of mesosomes in prokaryotic cells?

Options:
A Help in cell wall formation
B Help in DNA replication and distribution to daughter cells
C Aid in respiration and secretion processes
D All of the above

The correct answer is:
All of the above

Solution:
Mesosomes have multiple functions in prokaryotic cells including helping in cell wall formation, DNA replication and distribution to daughter cells, as well as aiding in respiration and secretion processes.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
What is the function of microbodies in cells?

Options:
A To store energy
B To transport molecules across the cell membrane
C To break down cellular waste
D To replicate DNA

The correct answer is:
To break down cellular waste

Solution:
Microbodies contain enzymes that break down cellular waste and other molecules that are no longer needed by the cell.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
What is the function of mitosis?

Options:
A Increases chromosome number
B Decreases chromosome number
C Conserves chromosome number
D Increases genetic diversity

The correct answer is:
Conserves chromosome number

Solution:
Mitosis is the equational division in which the chromosome number of the parent is conserved in the daughter cell.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
What is the function of Mitosis?

Options:
A To segregate duplicated chromosomes into daughter nuclei
B To divide the cell itself into two daughter cells
C Both a and b
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Both a and b

Solution:
Mitosis accomplishes not only the segregation of duplicated chromosomes into daughter nuclei (karyokinesis), but the cell itself is divided into two daughter cells by the separation of cytoplasm called cytokinesis at the end of which cell division gets completeD)

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
What is the function of mitotic divisions in the meristematic tissues of plants?

Options:
A To replace damaged cells.
B To restore the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio.
C To produce diploid daughter cells with identical genetic complement.
D To allow for continuous growth throughout the plant's life.

The correct answer is:
To allow for continuous growth throughout the plant's life.

Solution:
Mitotic divisions in the meristematic tissues – the apical and the lateral cambium, result in a continuous growth of plants throughout their life.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
What is the function of mons pubis in the female external genitalia?

Options:
A To surround the vaginal opening
B To partially cover the opening of the vagina
C A cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair
D To lie at the upper junction of the two labia minora

The correct answer is:
A cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair

Solution:
The mons pubis is a cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair, and is part of the female external genitalia.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
What is the function of MSH hormone?

Options:
A Stimulation of smooth muscle contraction
B Stimulation of pigmentation of the skin
C Stimulation of mammary gland
D Stimulation of adrenal cortex

The correct answer is:
Stimulation of pigmentation of the skin

Solution:
MSH acts on the melanocytes (melanin containing cells) and regulates pigmentation of the skin.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
What is the function of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

Options:
A Filter of the blood
B Micro-environment for T-lymphocytes
C Trapping of antigens
D Storage of erythrocytes

The correct answer is:
Trapping of antigens

Solution:
There is lymphoid tissue also located within the lining of the major tracts (respiratory, digestive and urogenital tracts) called mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). It constitutes about 50% of the lymphoid tissue in the human body.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
What is the function of mucus and bicarbonates in the gastric juice?

Options:
A To aid in the digestion of food
B To protect the mucosal epithelium
C To neutralize the acidity of food
D To aid in the absorption of vitamins

The correct answer is:
To protect the mucosal epithelium

Solution:
The mucus and bicarbonates present in the gastric juice play an important role in lubrication and protection of the mucosal epithelium from excoriation by the highly concentrated hydrochloric acid. They help to protect the stomach lining from the corrosive effects of the stomach acid.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
What is the function of mucus in the large intestine?

Options:
A To help in digestion
B To lubricate the faecal matter
C To adhere the waste particles together
D Both B) and C)

The correct answer is:
Both B) and C)

Solution:
The secretion of mucus in the large intestine helps in adhering the waste (undigesteD) particles together and lubricating it for an easy passage.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
What is the function of mucus in the small intestine?

Options:
A It acts as lubrication for the intestinal wall
B It helps to protect the intestinal mucosa from acid
C It helps in the digestion of proteins
D It helps to emulsify fats

The correct answer is:
It acts as lubrication for the intestinal wall

Solution:
Goblet cells, present in the mucosal epithelium of the small intestine, secrete mucus. The mucus, along with the secretions of the brush border cells, forms the intestinal juice or succus entericus. The mucus helps in lubrication of the intestinal wall and also protects the mucosa from the acidity of the chyme.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
What is the function of mucus neck cells in gastric glands?

Options:
A To produce enzymes
B To produce hormones
C To secrete mucus
D To secrete HCl

The correct answer is:
To secrete mucus

Solution:
Gastric glands have three major types of cells, namely mucus neck cells, peptic or chief cells, and parietal or oxyntic cells. Mucus neck cells secrete mucus, which helps to protect the stomach lining from the corrosive effects of stomach acid.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
What is the function of myoglobin in muscle fibers?

Options:
A To store oxygen
B To produce ATP
C To release acetylcholine
D To contract and relax

The correct answer is:
To store oxygen

Solution:
Muscle fibers contain a red-colored oxygen-storing pigment called myoglobin. Myoglobin helps to store oxygen, which can then be utilized by the mitochondria in the muscles for ATP production.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
What is the function of myoglobin in muscles?

Options:
A To store oxygen
B To produce ATP
C To store calcium ions
D To regulate neurotransmitter release

The correct answer is:
To store oxygen

Solution:
Myoglobin is a red coloured oxygen-storing pigment found in muscles. It acts as an oxygen reserve and helps to supply oxygen to the muscles during exercise.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
What is the function of myoglobin in muscles?

Options:
A It generates energy for ATP production
B It stores oxygen
C It helps in cross bridge formation
D It regulates the release of calcium ions

The correct answer is:
It stores oxygen

Solution:
Muscle contains a red coloured oxygen-storing pigment called myoglobin. Myoglobin stores oxygen and helps muscles in producing energy.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
What is the function of neurohypophysis (pars nervosA)?

Options:
A Produces growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
B Produces melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
C Stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin

Solution:
Neurohypophysis (pars nervosa), also known as posterior pituitary, stores and releases two hormones called oxytocin and vasopressin.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
What is the function of neurotransmitters in chemical synapses?

Options:
A To open ion channels
B To separate pre- and post-synaptic neurons
C To generate electrical current
D To form synapses

The correct answer is:
To open ion channels

Solution:
Neurotransmitters are chemicals involved in transmitting impulses at chemical synapses. They bind to specific receptors on the post-synaptic membrane, opening ion channels and allowing the entry of ions to generate a new potential in the post-synaptic neuron.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
What is the function of nucleases in the digestion of nucleic acids?

Options:
A They convert nucleic acids into nucleotides and nucleosides
B They convert nucleic acids into amino acids
C They convert nucleic acids into sugars
D They convert nucleic acids into lipids

The correct answer is:
They convert nucleic acids into nucleotides and nucleosides

Solution:
Nucleases are enzymes that act on nucleic acids in the chyme, breaking them down into nucleotides and nucleosides.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
What is the function of nucleic acids in living systems?

Options:
A Structural proteins
B Genetic material
C Enzymes
D Hormones

The correct answer is:
Genetic material

Solution:
Nucleic acids serve as genetic material.

Topic: Biology, Biomolecules (B), NEET
What is the function of nucleosomes in chromatin structure?

Options:
A To prevent the entry of pathogens
B To wrap around the DNA in nucleosomes
C To help organize the DNA into a nucleoid
D To form a chromatin structure

The correct answer is:
To form a chromatin structure

Solution:
Nucleosomes, which are formed by wrapping negatively charged DNA around positively charged histones, constitute the repeating unit of the chromatin structure in the nucleus.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
What is the function of ovaries in female individuals?

Options:
A Producing spermatozoa
B Producing one ovum
C Producing androgens
D Producing alveoli

The correct answer is:
Producing one ovum

Solution:
Ovaries in female individuals are the primary female sex organ which produces one ovum during each menstrual cycle.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
What is the function of Oxytocin hormone?

Options:
A Stimulation of water and electrolyte resorption
B Stimulation of contraction of uterus and milk ejection
C Stimulation of growth hormone secretion
D Stimulation of steroid hormone secretion

The correct answer is:
Stimulation of contraction of uterus and milk ejection

Solution:
Oxytocin acts on the smooth muscles of our body and stimulates their contraction. In females, it stimulates a vigorous contraction of uterus at the time of child birth, and milk ejection from the mammary gland.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
What is the function of pancreatic amylase in the digestion of carbohydrates?

Options:
A It converts carbohydrates into disaccharides
B It converts carbohydrates into monosaccharides
C It converts carbohydrates into amino acids
D It converts carbohydrates into lipids

The correct answer is:
It converts carbohydrates into disaccharides

Solution:
Pancreatic amylase is an enzyme that acts on carbohydrates in the chyme, breaking them down into disaccharides, such as maltose and sucrose.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Options:
A Decrease the blood calcium levels
B Increase the blood calcium levels
C Decrease the bone resorption
D Increase the bone formation

The correct answer is:
Increase the blood calcium levels

Solution:
PTH increases the Ca²⁺ levels in the blood by acting on bones and stimulating the process of bone resorption (dissolution/ demineralisation), stimulating reabsorption of Ca²⁺ by the renal tubules and increasing Ca²⁺ absorption from the digested food. It is a hypercalcemic hormone, i.e., it increases the blood Ca²⁺ levels.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
What is the function of parietal or oxyntic cells in gastric glands?

Options:
A To produce enzymes
B To produce hormones
C To secrete mucus
D To secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

The correct answer is:
To secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

Solution:
Parietal or oxyntic cells of gastric glands which secrete HCl and intrinsic factor (factor essential for absorption of vitamin B₁₂).

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
What is the function of pars distalis of pituitary gland?

Options:
A Stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin
B Produces melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
C Produces growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Produces growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Solution:
Pars distalis region of the pituitary gland, also known as anterior pituitary, produces growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
What is the function of pepsin in the stomach?

Options:
A To convert carbohydrates into sugars
B To convert proteins into proteoses and peptones
C To neutralize the acidity of food
D To aid in the absorption of vitamins

The correct answer is:
To convert proteins into proteoses and peptones

Solution:
The proenzyme pepsinogen, on exposure to hydrochloric acid gets converted into the active enzyme pepsin. Pepsin is the proteolytic enzyme of the stomach and it converts proteins into proteoses and peptones (peptides).

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
What is the function of peptic or chief cells in gastric glands?

Options:
A To produce enzymes
B To produce hormones
C To secrete mucus
D To secrete HCl

The correct answer is:
To produce enzymes

Solution:
Gastric glands have three major types of cells, namely mucus neck cells, peptic or chief cells, and parietal or oxyntic cells. Peptic or chief cells secrete the proenzyme pepsinogen, which is converted into the enzyme pepsin in the stomach.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
What is the function of peristalsis in the digestive process?

Options:
A To produce enzymes that break down food
B To lubricate and adhere the masticated food particles into a bolus
C To move food through the oesophagus
D To neutralize stomach acid

The correct answer is:
To move food through the oesophagus

Solution:
Peristalsis is the process of successive waves of muscular contractions that move food through the oesophagus. The bolus further passes down through the oesophagus by successive waves of muscular contractions called peristalsis.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
What is the function of pigments in a plant?

Options:
A To produce glucose
B To absorb light
C To release O₂
D To store starch

The correct answer is:
To absorb light

Solution:
Pigments are substances that have an ability to absorb light, at specific wavelengths.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
What is the function of pili in bacteria?

Options:
A motility
B attachment to host tissues and rocks
C protection from the host immune system
D nutrient absorption

The correct answer is:
attachment to host tissues and rocks

Solution:
Pili are elongated tubular structures made of a special protein and are known to help attach the bacteria to rocks in streams and also to the host tissues. They do not play a role in motility or protection from the host immune system.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
What is the function of pleural fluid in the respiratory system?

Options:
A To reduce friction on the lung surface
B To regulate body temperature
C To humidify the air
D To transport atmospheric air

The correct answer is:
To reduce friction on the lung surface

Solution:
Pleural fluid, which is present between the two lungs and is covered by a double-layered pleura, reduces friction on the lung surface.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET