datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Which of the following statements accurately differentiates between 'cast iron' and 'pig iron'?

Options:
A Cast iron has a higher carbon content compared to pig iron.
B Cast iron is obtained directly from the blast furnace, while pig iron is obtained after further processing of cast iron.
C Cast iron is more malleable than pig iron.
D Pig iron is primarily used for casting, while cast iron is used for forging.

The correct answer is:
Cast iron is obtained directly from the blast furnace, while pig iron is obtained after further processing of cast iron.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
Cast iron is obtained directly from the blast furnace, while pig iron is obtained after further processing of cast iron.

Topic: Chemistry, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals, NEET
Which of the following statements accurately differentiates between 'minerals' and 'ores'?

Options:
A Minerals are natural compounds with economic value, while ores are naturally occurring substances with no economic significance.
B Minerals are substances that are mined for industrial use, while ores are naturally occurring compounds of metals that can be economically extracted.
C Minerals refer to any naturally occurring substance, while ores are specific minerals that contain valuable elements or compounds.
D Minerals are refined substances, while ores are unprocessed raw materials.

The correct answer is:
Minerals refer to any naturally occurring substance, while ores are specific minerals that contain valuable elements or compounds.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (C)
Minerals refer to any naturally occurring substance, while ores are specific minerals that contain valuable elements or compounds.

Topic: Chemistry, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals, NEET
Which of the following statements are correct?
(1) α -amino acids present in protein are α -L-amino acids
(2) Amino acids contain -NH2 as well as -COOH group
(3) Number of amino groups and carboxylic groups are always same in all α -amino acids
(4) Concentration of dipolar ion is maximum at isoelectric point
Select the correct answer from the codes given below

Options:
A Only 1 and 2
B 1, 2 and 3
C 1, 2 and 4
D 1, 2, 3 and 4

The correct answer is:
Only 1 and 2

Solution:
Here statement 1, 2 and 3 are correct as α -amino acids present in protein are α -L-amino acids, Amino acids contain -NH2 as well as -COOH group.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Which of the following statements are correct â

1. CCP structure has three different type of layers.
2. In CCP structure, first and fourth layers are repeated.
3. In an HCP structure, first and fourth layers are repeated.
4. In FCC packing, the neighbouring face centred atoms touch each other.

Options:
A 1 and 2 only
B 1, 2 and 4 only
C 1, 2, 3 and 4
D 1, 2 and 3 only

The correct answer is:
1, 2 and 4 only

Solution:
CCP structure has three different type of layers.
In CCP structure, first and fourth layers are repeated.
In FCC packing, the neighbouring face centred atoms touch each other.

Topic: Chemistry, Solid State, NEET
Which of the following statements are correct?

1. PCR is now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients.

2. A single-stranded DNA or RNA, tagged with a radioactive molecule (probe) is allowed to hybridize to its complementary DNA in a clone of cells followed by detection using autoradiography.

3. ELISA is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction.

4. Today transgenic models exist for many human diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's.

Options:
A 1 and 3
B 2 and 4
C 1, 3 and 4
D 1, 2, 3 and 4

The correct answer is:
1, 2, 3 and 4

Solution:
Very low concentration of a bacteria or virus (at a time when the symptoms of the disease are not yet visible) can be detected by amplification of their nucleic acid by PCR. PCR is now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients. It is being used to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients too. It is a powerful technique to identify many other genetic disorders. A single stranded DNA or RNA, tagged with a radioactive molecule (probe) is allowed to hybridize to its complementary DNA in a clone of cells followed by detection using autoradiography. The clone having the mutated gene will hence not appear on the photographic film, because the probe will not have complementarity with the mutated gene. ELISA is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction. Infection by pathogen can be detected by the presence of antigens (proteins, glycoproteins, etc.) or by detecting the antibodies synthesized against the pathogen. Many transgenic animals are designed to increase our understanding of how genes contribute to the development of disease. These are specially made to serve as models for human diseases so that investigation of new treatments for diseases is made possible. Today transgenic models exist for many human diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Which of the following statements are correct?
(A) Reproductive health refers to total well-being in all aspects of reproduction
(B) Amniocentesis is legally banned for sex determination in India.
(C) "Saheli" -a new oral contraceptive for females was developed in collaboration with ICMR (New Delhi)
(D) Amniocentesis is used to determine genetic disorders and survivability of foetus.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Options:
A $(A),(B)$ and $(D)$ only
B $(A)$ and $(C)$ only
C $(B)$ and $(C)$ only
D $(D)$ and $(C)$ only

The correct answer is:
$(A),(B)$ and $(D)$ only

Solution:
Option (1) is the answer because, according to the world health organisation, reproductive health means a total well-being in all aspects of reproduction. Statutory ban on amniocentesis (A foetal sex determination test based on the chromosomal pattern in the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo) for sex-determination to legally check the increasing menace of female foeticides. Saheli is a new oral contraceptive for females, developed by the scientists at Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) Lucknow, India.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET, NEET 2023 (Manipur)
Which of the following statements are CORRECT?

a Rum, Beer and Brandy are produced without distillation.

b Roquefort cheese has large holes.

c Some microbes can be observed at 100˚C.

d Methanogen is an example of Methanobacterium belonging to group of eubacteria.

Options:
A a and b
B Only c
C c and d
D Only d

The correct answer is:
Only c

Solution:
Beverages like wine, beer, whisky, brandy, rum,etc are produced with the help of bread making yeast called Saccharomyces cerevisia, also known as brewer's yeast. Beverages produced without distillation are wine and rum whereas those produced by distillation of the fermented broth are whisky, brandy and rum. The Swiss cheese has large holes in it which are due to large amount of CO2 produced by bacteria Propionibacterium sharmanii. Certain anerobically growing bacteria produce large amount of methane along with carbon dioxide and hydrogen. One such bacterium is Methanobacterium and they collectively are called methanogens. Microbes are found almost everywhere and even exist at sites where no other living organism can possibly survive. They are even found at temperatures as high as 100°C .

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Which of the following statements are correct?

a. The gametic transfer is a crucial step of sexual reproduction.
b. In algae and fungi, both gametes are mostly non-motile.
c. In most of higher organisms, the female gamete is stationary.
d. In most of the organisms, fertilization is internal.

Options:
A a and c are correct.
B b and d are correct.
C a, c and d are correct.
D a,c and d are correct.

The correct answer is:
a, c and d are correct.

Solution:
Being aquatic, algal members produce motile, flagellated male gametes in green and brown algae. Female gametes in higher organisms are stationary and fertilization is internal.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Which of the following statements are correct about Klinefelter's Syndrome?

A. This disorder was first described by Langdon Down (1866).

B. Such an individual has overall masculine development. However, the feminine development is also expressed.

C. The affected individual is short statured.

D. Physical, psychomotor and mental development is retarded.

E. Such individuals are sterile.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Options:
A A and E only
B C and D only
C A and B only
D B and E only

The correct answer is:
B and E only

Solution:
Klinefelter’s Syndrome:

This genetic disorder is also caused due to the presence of an additional copy of X chromosome resulting into a karyotype of 47, XXY.

This is a trisomy of allosome.

Such an individual has overall masculine development, however, the feminine development (development of breast, i.e., Gynaecomastia) is also expressed

Such individuals are sterile.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET, NEET 2023 (All India)
Which of the following statements are correct about the cellular organization?

I. Mesoglea is the layer present between ectoderm and endoderm of diploblastic animals.
II. Mesoderm is the layer present between ectoderm and endoderm of diploblastic animals.
III. Mesoglea is the layer present between the ectoderm and endoderm of triploblastic animals.
IV. Mesoderm is the layer present between ectoderm and endoderm of triploblastic animals

Options:
A I and II
B I and III
C II and IV
D I and IV

The correct answer is:
I and IV

Solution:
Mesoglea is the undifferentiated layer of cells present in between the ectoderm and endoderm in diploblastic animals eg. Coelenterates. Mesoderm is the third germinal layer present between the ectoderm and endoderm in triploblastic animals eg Platyhelminthes, Chordates etc.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Which of the following statements are correct about the modes of excretion?

Options:
A All bony fishes are ammonotelic.
B Aquatic mammals are ureotelic.
C Insects such as cockroach are ammonotelic.
D Tadpole of a frog is ureotelic.

The correct answer is:
Aquatic mammals are ureotelic.

Solution:
Freshwater bony fishes are ammonotelic. Marine bony fishes release trimethylamine oxide as their chief excretory product. Terrestrial insects, such as cockroach, are uricotelic, while aquatic insects are ammonotelic. Tadpole of a frog is ammonotelic, while the adult frog is ureotelic. All mammals, terrestrial as well as aquatic, are ureotelic in nature.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET
Which of the following statements are correct given a + b + c + d = 0: (a) a, b, c, and d must each be a null vector, (b) The magnitude of (a + c) equals the magnitude of (b + d)?

Options:
A Only statement (a) is correct.
B Only statement (b) is correct.
C Both statements (a) and (b) are correct.
D Neither statement (a) nor statement (b) is correct.

The correct answer is:
Only statement (b) is correct.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
Only statement (b) is correct.

Topic: Chemistry, Motion In Two Dimensions, NEET
Which of the following statements are CORRECT?

I. A specialized center present in the medulla region of the brain called respiratory rhythm center is primarily responsible for the regulation of respiration.

II. A chemosensitive area is situated adjacent to the rhythm center which is highly sensitive to O2, CO2, and hydrogen ions.

III. Receptors associated with aortic arch and carotid artery also can recognize changes in CO2 and H+ concentration and send necessary signals to the rhythm center for remedial actions.

IV. The neural signal from the pneumatic center can increase the duration of inspiration and thereby alter the respiratory rate.

Options:
A I, III and IV
B II, III and IV
C I and III
D I and II

The correct answer is:
I and III

Solution:
The regulation of respiration involves both neural and chemical control. Nervous regulation is done by two centers in the brain. These are the respiratory rhythm center in medulla and pneumotaxic center in the pons. These two centers regulate the rate and depth of breathing. Chemical control is by chemosensitive areas that are sensitive for chemicals and these areas are located adjacent to the rhythm centre. These areas contain chemoreceptors that are sensitive to carbon dioxide and hydrogen. These chemoreceptors are found in aortic bodies (located on aortic arch) and carotid bodies (located in carotid arteries).

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Which of the following statements are correct?

(i) Centre of mass of a body always coincides with the centre of gravity of the body.

(ii) Centre of mass of a body is the point at which the total gravitational torque on the body is zero

(iii) A couple on a body produce both translational and rotational motion in a body.

(iv) Mechanical advantage greater than one means that small effort can be used to lift a large load.

Options:
A (ii) and (iv)
B (i) and (ii)
C (ii) and (iii)
D (iii) and (iv)

The correct answer is:
(ii) and (iv)

Solution:
(i) Centre of gravity coincides with centre of mass for bodies when gravitational field is uniform (usually for bodies of small height).
(ii) Since the gravitational force can be assumed to be centred at the centre of gravity, so torque of gravitational force about the centre of gravity must be zero. In mechanics, usually we deal with the objects of small height for which torque of gravitational force about centre of mass will also be zero.
(iii) Couple produces only rotational motion.
(iv) Mechanical advantage =LoadEffort>1 ⇒Load>Effort

Topic: Physics, Center of Mass Momentum and Collision, NEET, NEET 2017
Which of the following statements are correct regarding Deuteromycetes?

I. Deuteromycetes are called perfect fungi.

II. Members of Deuteromycetes were often moved to ascomycetes or basidiomycetes once their sexual stages were studied.

III. Large number of Deuteromycetes are decomposers that help in nutrient cycling.

IV. Their mycelium is aseptate and unbranched.

Options:
A I,Â IIÂ andÂ IV
B II and III
C Â IIIÂ andÂ IV
D I,Â IIIÂ andÂ IV

The correct answer is:
II and III

Solution:
Deuteromycetes are called imperfect fungi. The mode of sexual reproduction is not known in them. Once sexual stages of members of deuteromycetes were discovered they were often moved to ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. The members of deuteromycetes have septate and branched hyphae. Some members are saprophytes or parasites while a large number of them are decomposers of litter and help in mineral cycling. Some examples are Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Trichoderma.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Which of the following statements are correct regarding female reproductive cycle?

A. In non-primate mammals cyclical changes during reproduction are called oestrus cycle.

B. First menstrual cycle begins at puberty and is called menopause.

C. Lack of menstruation may be indicative of pregnancy.

D. Cyclic menstruation extends between menarche and menopause.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

Options:
A A and B only
B A, B and C only
C A, C and D only
D A and D only

The correct answer is:
A, C and D only

Solution:
The reproductive cycle in primates like apes, man are called menstruation cycle.

The first menstruation begins at puberty and is called menarche.

In human females, menstruation is repeated at an average interval of about 28/29 days. Ovulation occurs on 14th day of the cycle.

In human beings, menstrual cycles ceases around 50 years of age; that is termed as menopause.

Cyclic menstruation is an indicator of normal reproductive phase and extends between menarche and menopause.

During pregnancy all events of the menstrual cycle stop and there is no menstruation. Lack of menstrual cycle may be an indication of pregnancy.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET, NEET 2023 (All India)
Which of the following statements are correct regarding sterilisation?

I. Sterilisation is a form of permanent contraception.
II. Sterilisation inhibits gametogenesis.
III. Sterilisation can be done both in males and females.
IV. Tubectomy is the sterilisation procedure done in males.

Options:
A I and II
B I and III
C III and IV
D III and II

The correct answer is:
I and III

Solution:
Sterilization is a permanent method of birth control. This surgical method is advised to male or female who have completed their family and do not wish to bear any more children. Male sterilization is vasectomy in which a small part of the vas deferens is cut and ligated. Female sterilization is tubectomy in which a small part of the fallopian tube is cut and ligated. Since it does not affect gonads, it does not affect gametogenesis.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the development of embryo sac?

(i) The type of nuclear division is free, in which there is no formation of the cell wall.
(ii) Out of the eight nuclei, six are surrounded by a cell wall.
(iii) Central cell situated below the egg apparatus.

Options:
A i and ii only
B ii and iii only
C iii only
D All are correct

The correct answer is:
All are correct

Solution:
The nucleus of the functional megaspore divides mitotically to form two nuclei which move to the opposite poles, forming the 2-nucleate embryo sac. Two more sequential mitotic nuclear divisions result in the formation of the 4-nucleate and later the 8-nucleate stages of the embryo sac. It is of interest to note that these mitotic divisions are strictly free nuclear. There is a characteristic distribution of the cells within the embryo sac. Three cells are grouped together at the micropylar end and constitute the egg apparatus. The egg apparatus, in turn, consists of two synergids and one egg cell. Three cells are at the chalazal end and are called the antipodals. The large central cell, as mentioned earlier, has two polar nuclei. Thus, a typical angiosperm embryo sac, at maturity, though 8-nucleate is 7-celled.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the organelle, lysosome?

I. It contains enzymes mostly active in acidic pH.

II. It is known as the suicidal bag.

III. These organelles are directly derived from the endoplasmic reticulum.

IV. It contains water, sap, excretory product and other materials not useful for the cell.

Options:
A I, II, III and IV
B I and II only
C II and III only
D I, II and IV only

The correct answer is:
I and II only

Solution:
Lysosomes are derived from Golgi bodies, forming a membrane bound vesicular structure. The isolated lysosomal vesicles have been found to be very rich in hydrolytic enzymes optimally active at the acidic pH. Since these enzyme can direct the process of cell death, lysosome is also called as 'suicidal bag'. Therefore, statements III and IV are incorrect.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the process of RNA interference?

(i) RNAi has been used to prevent nematode infestation of tobacco plants.
(ii) RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
(iii) The method involves silencing of specific mRNA using a complementary dsDNA molecule that binds and prevents the translation of mRNA.
(iv) Using retrovirus vectors, nematode–specific genes were introduced into the host plant.

Options:
A (i) and (ii)
B (i) and (ii)
C (i) and (iii)
D (ii) and (iv)

The correct answer is:
(i) and (ii)

Solution:
RNA interference (RNAi) takes place in all the eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. RNAi is a gene-silencing method where the m-RNA of the parasite is destroyed, so no protein formation resulting in the death of the parasite in transgenic plant.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the skeletal muscle?

A. Muscle bundles are held together by collagenous tissue layer called fascicle.

B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibre is a store house of calcium ions.

C. Striated appearance of skeletal muscle fibre is due to distribution pattern of actin and myosin proteins.

D. M line is considered as functional unit of contraction called sarcomere.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Options:
A C and D only
B A, B and C only
C B and C only
D A, C and D only

The correct answer is:
B and C only

Solution:
Muscle fascicles are held together by a common collagenous connective tissue layer called ligament.

The sarcoplasmic reticulum in the muscle fibers resembles a network of smooth endoplasmic reticulums. This Sarcoplasmic reticulum functions as a storehouse of calcium iron.

The striated appearance of the skeletal muscle fibre is a result of the distribution pattern of proteins myosin and actin. The sarcomere is responsible for the striated appearance of muscle. The actin is a thin filament and myosin is a thick filament.

M line contains the protein called myomesin, and it marks the centre of the sarcomere. A sarcomere is the functional unit (contractile unit) of a muscle fiber.

Hence, the most appropriate answer is option C, i.e., B and C only.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET, NEET 2023 (All India)
Which of the following statements are correct with respect to Golgi apparatus?
(A) It is the important site of formation of glycoprotein and glycolipids.
(B) It produces cellular energy in the form of ATP.
(C) It modifies the protein synthesized by ribosomes on ER.
(D) It facilitates the transport of ions.
(E) It provides mechanical support.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Options:
A $(A)$ and $(D)$ only
B $(D)$ and $(E)$ only
C $(B)$ and $(C)$ only
D $(A)$ and $(C)$ only

The correct answer is:
$(A)$ and $(C)$ only

Solution:
Golgi apparatus is the important site of formation of glycoprotein and glycolipids. It modifies the protein synthesized by ribosomes present on endoplasmic reticulum.
Mitochondria produce ATP and cell membranes facilitate the transport of ions.
Cytoskeleton provides the mechanical support to the cell.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET, NEET 2023 (Manipur)
Which of the following statements are correct with respect to the hormone and its function?
(A) Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) regulates the blood calcium level.
(B) In males, FSH and androgens regulate spermatogenesis.
(C) Hyperthyroidism can lead to goitre.
(D) Glucocorticoids are secreted in Adrenal Medulla.
(E) Parathyroid hormone is regulated by circulating levels of sodium ions.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Options:
A $(B)$ and $(C)$ only
B $(A)$ and $(D)$ only
C $(C)$ and $(E)$ only
D $(A)$ and $(B)$ only

The correct answer is:
$(A)$ and $(B)$ only

Solution:
Option (4) is the correct answer because thyrocalcitonin regulates the blood calcium level. Spermatogenesis in human males is regulated by FSH and androgen.
Option (1), (2) and (3) are not the correct answer because exophthalmic goitre is a form of hyperthyroidism. Glucocorticoids are secreted by the adrenal cortex. Parathyroid hormone along with TCT, play a significant role in calcium balance in the body.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET, NEET 2023 (Manipur)
Which of the following statements are correct with respect to vital capacity?
(a) It includes ERV, TV and IRV
(b) Total volume of air a person can inspire after a normal expiration
(c) The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after forced expiration
(d) It includes ERV, RV and IRV.
(e) The maximum volume of air a person can breath out after a forced inspiration.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Options:
A (b), (d) and (e)
B (a), (c) and (d)
C (a), (c) and (e)
D (a) and (e)

The correct answer is:
(a), (c) and (e)

Solution:
Vital capacity does not include RV as this cannot be measure of by using respirometer. Vital capacity is the maximum inspiration after force full expiration.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 2)