datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Ribososomes are CORRECTLY characterized by which of the following statements?

Options:
A They are composed entirely of r-RNA
B They are composed of two equal subunits.
C They differ in response to antibiotics depending on whether they are eukaryotic or prokaryotic in origin.
D They are composed of three equal subunits.

The correct answer is:
They differ in response to antibiotics depending on whether they are eukaryotic or prokaryotic in origin.

Solution:
Ribosomes are membrane less organelles found in both types of cells- eukaryote and prokaryote. Ribosomes are made of mix of proteins and ribosomal RNA. This organelle is important for the process of protein synthesis. It helps in translating mRNA and joining the amino acids together forming long polypeptide chain. Each ribosome is made up of two subnits - one large subunit and other small subunits.
The ribosomes of the eukaryotes are of 80S type and that of prokaryotes are of 70S.
Antibiotics are chemicals that kill or inhibit growths of bacterial cells. Certain antibiotics work by targeting the ribosomes where it inhibits the ribosomal functions either by blocking peptide formation or interfering with the translation process. Antibiotics chemical bind to the ribosomal subunits and inhibit the process. The bacterial antibiotics are specific to the prokaryotic ribosome and do not bind to the eukaryotic ribosome.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Ribozymes are

Options:
A Enzymes which use ribose as substrates
B Enzymes working on DNA
C Nucleic acid with enzymatic activity
D Enzyme-RNA complexes.

The correct answer is:
Nucleic acid with enzymatic activity

Solution:
A ribozyme is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction. The ribozyme catalyzes a specific reaction in a similar way to that of protein enzymes. They are also called as catalytic RNA. Ribozymes play an important role in reverse transcription.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Ribs are attached to

Options:
A scapula
B sternum
C clavicle
D ilium.

The correct answer is:
sternum

Solution:
There are 12 pairs of ribs. Each rib is a thin flat bone connected dorsally to the vertebral column and ventrally to sternum.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase enzyme catalyses the carboxylation reaction between:

Options:
A Oxaloacetic acid and acetyl CoA
B CO2 and ribulose 1,5 diphosphate
C Ribulose diphosphate and phosphoglyceraldehyde
D PGA and dihydroxyacetone phosphate

The correct answer is:
CO2 and ribulose 1,5 diphosphate

Solution:
The first step of the Calvin cycle is carboxylation in which enzyme RuBisCO enzyme catalyses the fixation of CO2, in which initial CO2 acceptor is a 5C compound ribulose 1,5 diphosphate. It forms first stable compound, which is 3C PGA.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase oxygenase is located in

Options:
A Mitochondria
B Chloroplasts
C Peroxisomes
D Golgi bodies

The correct answer is:
Chloroplasts

Solution:
Carboxylation is the fixation of CO2 into a stable organic intermediate occurs in chloroplasts. Carboxylation is the most crucial step of the Calvin cycle where CO2 is utilised for the carboxylation of RuBP. This reaction is catalysed by the enzyme RuBP carboxylase which results in the formation of two molecules of 3-PGA. Since this enzyme also has an oxygenation activity it would be more correct to call it RuBP carboxylase-oxygenase or RuBisCO.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Right option for the number of tetrahedral and octahedral voids in hexagonal primitive unit cell are:

Options:
A 8, 4
B 6, 12
C 2, 1
D 12, 6

The correct answer is:
12, 6

Solution:
In HCP Structure,
Z=6

Per sphere, there are two tetrahedral voids and one octahedral voids are present in the close packing structures.
Tetrahedral voids =12
Octahedral voids =06
Hence, the correct answer is (D)

Topic: Chemistry, Solid State, NEET, NEET 2021
Ringworm in humans is caused by

Options:
A bacteria
B fungi
C nematodes
D viruses

The correct answer is:
fungi

Solution:
Ringworm refers to fungal infections that are on the surface of the skin. Although the world is full of yeasts, moulds and fungi, only a few cause skin problems. These agents are called the dermatophytes. Some common dermatophytic fungi are Trichophyton rubrum, $T$. tensurans, $T$. interdigitale, $T$. mentagrophytes, Microsporum, Canis and Epidermophyton floccosum.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET, NEET 2010 (Screening)
RMgX+CO2→etherdryY⟶H3O+RCOOH

What is Y in the above reaction?

Options:
A R3CO-Mg+X
B RCOO-X+
C RCOO2Mg
D RCOO-Mg+X

The correct answer is:
RCOO-Mg+X

Solution:
Grignard reagent on reaction with carbondioxide in presence of dry ether forms an addition product which on hydrolysis produces carboxylic acid.

Hence, Y in the above reaction is RCOO-Mg+X

Topic: Chemistry, Carboxylic Acid Derivatives, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 1)
RNA and DNA are chiral molecules, their chirality is due to

Options:
A Chiral bases
B Chiral phospbate ester units
C D-sugar component
D L-sugar component

The correct answer is:
D-sugar component

Solution:
The constituents of nucleic acids are nitrogenous bases, sugar and phosphoric acid. The sugar present in DNA is D(-)-2-deoxyribose and the sugar present in RNA is D(-)-ribose. Due to these D(- )-sugar components, DNA and RNA molecules are chiral molecules.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
RNA and DNA are chiral molecules, their chirality is due to:

Options:
A chiral bases
B chiral phosphate ester units
C D-sugar component
D L-sugar component

The correct answer is:
D-sugar component

Solution:
The chirality of DNA and RNA molecules are due to the presence of sugar components.
Related Theory
DNA have multiple chiral centres and are found as single enantiomers in nature. The DNA structure itself is chiral and exists as a single enantiomer.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET, NEET 2007
RNA interference involves:

Options:
A synthesis of $\mathrm{DNA}$ and RNA using reverse transcriptase.
B silencing of specific $m \mathrm{RNA}$ due to complementary RNA
C interference of RNA in synthesis of DNA
D synthesis of mRNA from DNA.

The correct answer is:
silencing of specific $m \mathrm{RNA}$ due to complementary RNA

Solution:
The process of RNA interference (RNA $i$ ) involves silencing of a specific $m$ RNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the $m$ RNA, also referred as RNA silencing.
Related Theory
In RNAi, the source of this complementary $R N A$ could be from an infection by viruses having RNA genomes or transposons. Using Agrobacterium vectors, nematode-specific genes were introduced into the host plant such that it produced both sense and antisense RNA in the host cells. Two RNAs being complementary to each other formed a double stranded RNA (dsRNA) and thus, silenced the specific $m R N A$ of the nematode. The process of RNA interference was adopted to prevent the infection of tobacco plants by Meloidegyne incognita.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET, NEET 2013 (Karnataka)
RNA interference involves

Options:
A silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA
B silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary ssRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA
C silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents post- transcriptional processing of the mRNA
D silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary ssRNA molecule that binds to and prevents post- transcriptional processing of the mRNA

The correct answer is:
silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA

Solution:
RNA interference (RNAi) takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. This method involves the silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA (silencing). The source of this complementary RNA could be from infection by viruses having RNA genomes or mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate via an RNA intermediate.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
RNA interference is a technique used for making tobacco plants resistant against pest like nematode Meloidegyne incognitia. In this technique, which of the following process is inhibited?

Options:
A Transcription of mRNA
B Maturation of hn RNA.
C Translation of mRNA
D Replication of DNA

The correct answer is:
Translation of mRNA

Solution:
Yield in tobacco plants is reduced due to infection of a nematode Meloidegyne incognitia. RNA interference (RNAi) is a process of silencing a specific mRNA by making complementary dsRNA molecule. The complementary RNA molecule will have sequence complementary to mRNA sequence, enabling formation of dsRNA. This way the protein will not be translated from the transcribed mRNA.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
RNA interference is used for which of the following purposes in the field of biotechnology?

Options:
A To develop a plant tolerant to abiotic stresses
B To develop a pest resistant plant against infestation by nematode
C To enhance the mineral usage by the plant
D To reduce post harvest losses

The correct answer is:
To develop a pest resistant plant against infestation by nematode

Solution:
RNAi or RNA interference or anti-sense RNA is a naturally occurring mechanism that leads to the “silencing” of genes. In consequence, the respective protein is no longer synthesized. Several nematodes parasitize a wide variety of plants. A nematode Meloidogyne incognita infects the roots of tobacco plants causing a great reduction in yield. The most cost-effective and sustainable management tactic for preventing such damage is by using RNAi mechanism by developing genetically engineered or transgenic plants.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET, NEET 2020 (Phase 2)
RNA is absent in:

Options:
A Ribosome
B Nucleolus
C Plasmalemma
D More than one option is correct

The correct answer is:
Plasmalemma

Solution:
Plasmalemma is a plasma membrane that is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They act as a barrier between the outer and inner surface of a cell. The plasmalemma encloses the contents of the cell and separates it from the outer environment. It is composed of lipids and proteins and they do not possess RNA.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
RNA Polymerase III transcribe

Options:
A 28S rRNA
B hnRNA
C 5.8S rRNA
D 5S rRNA

The correct answer is:
5S rRNA

Solution:
The RNA polymerase I transcribe rRNAs (28S, 18S, and 5.8S), whereas the RNA polymerase III is responsible for transcription of tRNA, 5srRNA, and snRNAs (small nuclear RNAs). The RNA polymerase II transcribes the precursor of mRNA, the heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA).

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
RNA polymerase-III synthesize

Options:
A tRNA
B 5.8s rRNA
C hnRNA
D Both (A) & (B)

The correct answer is:
tRNA

Solution:
There are at least three RNA polymerases in the nucleus (in addition to the RNA polymerase found in the organelles). There is a clear cut division of labour. The RNA polymerase I transcribe rRNAs (28S, 18S, and 5.8S), whereas the RNA polymerase III is responsible for transcription of tRNA, 5srRNA, and snRNAs (small nuclear RNAs). The RNA polymerase II transcribes the precursor of mRNA, the heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA).

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
RNA which carry amino acid from the cytoplasm to the ribosome is

Options:
A m-RNA
B t-RNA
C r-RNA
D c-RNA

The correct answer is:
t-RNA

Solution:
tRNA carries amino acid at its 3' end amino acid attachment site.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Roasting is carried out to:
I. sulphide is converted to oxide.
II. Remove water of hydration.
III. Melt the ore.
IV. Remove arsenic and Sulphur impurities.
of these statements

Options:
A I, II & III are correct
B I, III & IV are correct
C I, II & IV are correct
D II, III & IV are correct

The correct answer is:
I, II & IV are correct

Solution:
Roasting is heating ore with oxygen it is used to Convert sulphide to oxide, remove moisture and volatile impurity.

Topic: Chemistry, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals, NEET
Roasting of sulphides gives the gas X as a by product. This is colourless gas with choking smell of burnt sulphur and cause great damage to respiratory organs as a result of acid rain. Its aqueous solution is acidic, acts as a reducing agent and its acid has never been isolated. The gas X is

Options:
A SO2
B CO2
C SO3
D H2S

The correct answer is:
SO2

Solution:
Roasting is used to convert metal sulphide ores into MSO4 and MO.
MS→ΔMO+SO2
SO2 is a colourless gas with choking smell of burnt sulphur and cause great damage to respiratory organs and result in acid rain. Its aqueous solution is acidic, acts as a reducing agent.
Sulphur dioxide dissolves in water forming sulphurous acid hence, it is known as sulphurous anhydride.
H2O+SO2⇌H2SO3 ​
It reduces chlorine to HCl.
SO2+Cl2+2H2O→H2SO4+2HCl

Topic: Chemistry, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals, NEET
Roasting of sulphides gives the gas $X$ as a by-product. This is a colourless gas with choking smell of burnt sulphur and causes great damage to respiratory organs as a result of acid rain. Its aqueous solution is acidic acts as a reducing agent and its acid has never been insolated. The gas $X$ is

Options:
A $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{~S}$
B $\mathrm{SO}_2$
C $\mathrm{CO}_2$
D $\mathrm{SO}_3$

The correct answer is:
$\mathrm{SO}_2$

Solution:
$\mathrm{SO}_2$ gas is obtained when any sulphide ore is roasted.
$2 \mathrm{M}_2 \mathrm{~S}+3 \mathrm{O}_2 \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{M}_2 \mathrm{O}+2 \mathrm{SO}_2$
This gas exhibits all the characteristics given in the question.

Topic: Chemistry, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals, NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)
Robert May estimated the total number of species of the world at

Options:
A 1.5 million
B 30 million
C 33 million
D 7 million

The correct answer is:
7 million

Solution:
Considering that an overwhelmingly large proportion of the species waiting to be discovered are in the tropics, biologists make a statistical comparison of the temperate-tropical species richness of an exhaustively studied group of insects and extrapolate this ratio to other groups of animals and plants to come up with a gross estimate of the total number of species on earth. Some extreme estimates range from 20 to 50 million, but a more conservative and scientifically sound estimate made by Robert May places the global species diversity at about 7 million.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Robert May places the global species diversity at about

Options:
A 6 million
B 7 million
C slightly more than 1.5 million
D slightly less than 1.5 million

The correct answer is:
7 million

Solution:
Biodiversity includes all the flora and fauna on Earth. All the varieties of organisms come under biodiversity. India, a tropical country, is considered one of the richest w.r.t. biodiversity as it is many climatic regions. Even though the land mass is just 2.4% of Earth, 8.1% of the total global species diversity is observed in India. Robert May, who gave estimates on global species diversity at 7 million and if we are to consider it then only 22% of the total species have been recorded and 78% is unknown.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Rocky mountain fever is caused by

Options:
A Virus
B Fungi
C Algae
D Bacteria

The correct answer is:
Bacteria

Solution:
Rocky mountain spotted fever is an acute rickettsial disease characterised by high fever, chills, pain in muscles and joints. It is caused by an infected tick.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Rohan heard that instructions were given to the laboratory attendent to store a particular chemical i.e., keep it in the dark room, add some urea in it, and keep it away from dust. This chemical acts as an oxidising as well as a reducing agent in both acidic and alkaline media. This chemical is important for use in the pollution control treatment of domestic and industrial effluents. Write the name of this compound.

Options:
A Hydrochloric Acid
B Hydrogen Peroxide
C Ammonia
D Sodium Hydroxide

The correct answer is:
Hydrogen Peroxide

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
Hydrogen Peroxide

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrogen, NEET
Rohan heard that instructions were given to the laboratory attendent to store a particular chemical i.e., keep it in the dark room, add some urea in it, and keep it away from dust. This chemical acts as an oxidising as well as a reducing agent in both acidic and alkaline media. This chemical is important for use in the pollution control treatment of domestic and industrial effluents. Explain why such precautions are taken for storing this chemical.

Options:
A Hydrogen peroxide is a strong reducing agent.
B Hydrogen peroxide decomposes when exposed to light.
C Hydrogen peroxide is highly flammable.
D Hydrogen peroxide is highly reactive with metals.

The correct answer is:
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes when exposed to light.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes when exposed to light.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrogen, NEET
Role of enamel is to :

Options:
A Connect crown of tooth with its root.
B Masticate the food.
C Form bolus.
D Give basic shape to the teeth.

The correct answer is:
Masticate the food.

Solution:
Enamel is the hardest part of the body which protect the soft portion of teeth. It is a nonliving part made up of minerals and salt.
It provide surface for mastication/chewing.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 2)
Role of suspensor is:

Options:
A To push the embryo in the nutritive zone.
B To derive nutrition from the embryo.
C To help in the fertilization.
D To help in maturation of the embryo.

The correct answer is:
To push the embryo in the nutritive zone.

Solution:
Embryo divides transversely to form two celled pro-embryo, the upper smaller cell towards the chalazal end is called embryonal cell which will later form different parts of plants and large basal cell towards the micropylar end divides repeatedly to form suspensor. Suspensor besides pushing embryonal cell deeper in to the endosperm, it also provides embryonal cell a physical support.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Root does not help in the absorption of water in which of the following plant?

Options:
A Pistia
B Pea
C Wheat
D Sunflower

The correct answer is:
Pistia

Solution:
In Pistia, roots are poorly developed as it is a free-floating hydrophyte.
Hydrophytes are aquatic plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater). These plants are also called macrophytes.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 2)
Root hairs are found in which region of the root?

Options:
A Root cap region
B Region of meristematic activity
C Region of elongation
D Region of maturation

The correct answer is:
Region of maturation

Solution:
The zone of maturation is the zone of cell differentiation at its maximum and it is the zone of root hairs also to increase the absorptive surface area of the root. Vascular structures are also formed in this zone.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Root hairs develop from the region of

Options:
A Maturation
B Elongation
C Root cap
D Meristematic activity

The correct answer is:
Maturation

Solution:
The entire root is covered with the epidermis, a single layer of closely packed cells that often have thin projections known as root hairs. In roots, the root hairs arise from the zone of maturation. This is a differentiated zone bearing root hairs.

The root tip contains the root apical meristem. Above the root tip, there is a multicellular root cap. Behind the root apical meristem, there is a zone of elongation.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2017
Root mean square speed of an ideal gas at 300 K is 500 m/s. Temperature is increased four times then root mean square speed will become

Options:
A 1000 m/s
B 560Â m/s
C 2000Â m/s
D none of these

The correct answer is:
1000 m/s

Solution:
vrms∝T [ T= temperature in Kelvin]
T1=300 K
T2=1200 K
v2v1=T2T1=1200300=2
∴v2=2×500=1000 m/s

Topic: Physics, Kinetic Theory of Gases, NEET
Root mean square velocity of O 2 at STP is in cm s

Options:
A 4.61×104
B 2.6×104
C 46.1×104
D 26.0×104

The correct answer is:
4.61×104

Solution:
u rms = 3RT M
= 3×8 .31×10 7 ×273 32  = 4 .61×10 4 cm/sec
(at STP, T = 273 K, R = 8.314 ×  10 7  ergs   K −1 mol −1 )

Topic: Chemistry, States of Matter, NEET
Root pressure is absent in

Options:
A rapidly transpiring plants.
B conifers.
C plant growing in cold soils.
D all of the above.

The correct answer is:
all of the above.

Solution:
Root pressure is a force that helps to push fluids upward into the xylem. Root pressure is most significant in monocotyledons. Root pressure operates generally up to 2-3 m in height. Root pressure is retarded or absent under starvation condition and drought condition. Root pressure is absent in rapidly transpiring plants, conifers and plant growing in cold soils. Root pressure decreases as day advances and reaches maximum during early morning of spring & rainy season.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Root pressure is maximum when

Options:
A transpiration is high and absorption is low.
B transpiration is very low and absorption is high.
C both are very high.
D both are very low.

The correct answer is:
transpiration is very low and absorption is high.

Solution:
The positive pressure in the plants responsible for pushing up water in the stem is known as root pressure. The root pressure is observed maximum in the night or early morning when the evaporation is low and the water absorption is high due to excessive collection of water. Root pressure provides a push in the overall process of water transportation in plants.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Root pressure is maximum when

Options:
A Transpiration is high and absorption is very low
B Transpiration is very low and absorption is high
C Transpiration and absorption both are high
D Transpiration and absorption both are low.

The correct answer is:
Transpiration is very low and absorption is high

Solution:
Root pressure is the pressure that develops in tracheary elements of xylem due to the accumulation of water. It occurs due to active absorption of water and is maximum when the rate of absorption is high and the rate of transpiration is low.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Root pressure is usually acidic because:

Options:
A Low osmotic potential in soil
B Passive absorption
C Increase in transpiration
D Active absorption

The correct answer is:
Active absorption

Solution:
As various ions from the soil are actively transported into the vascular tissues of the roots, water follows and increases the pressure inside the xylem i.e., root pressure (positive pressure). The absorption of various ions, make the solution acidic.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 2)
Roots absorb the minerals from the soil in the form of

Options:
A ions
B molecules
C very dilute solution
D very concentrated solution

The correct answer is:
ions

Solution:
Ions are absorbed from the soil by both passive and active transport. Minerals are present in the soil as charged particles which cannot move across cell membrane and the concentration of minerals in the soil is usually lower than the concentration of minerals in the root. Therefore, most minerals must enter the root by active absorption into the cytoplasm of epidermal cells.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Roots of which of the following plants are involved in nitrogen fixation?

Options:
A Cycas
B Pinus
C Banyan
D Peepal

The correct answer is:
Cycas

Solution:
Cycas shows presence of specialized roots called coralloid roots which are associated with the nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET