datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
The most commonly used bioreactor is of stirring type. The stirrer facilitates:

Options:
A Temperature control
B pH control
C Oxygen availability
D Product removal

The correct answer is:
Oxygen availability

Solution:
Sterile air bubbles are sparged and mixed in sparged stirred-tank bioreactor, which increases the surface area for oxygen transfer. The stirrer ensures proper mixing and distribution of the nutrient and the oxygen for the microbes to optimize their activity.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
The most commonly used bioreactor is

Options:
A Stirring type
B Shuttle based
C Dome type
D None of these

The correct answer is:
Stirring type

Solution:
The most commonly used bioreactors are stirring type which is usually cylindrical with a curved base to facilitate the mixing of the reactors content. The stirrer facilitates even mixing and oxygen availability through out the reactor.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
The most convenient method to protect the bottom of ship made of iron is

Options:
A coating it with red lead oxide
B white tin plating
C connecting it with Mg block
D connecting it with Pb block

The correct answer is:
white tin plating

Solution:
The most convenient method to protect the bottom of the ship made of iron is white tin plating preventing the build up of barnacles.

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET
The most effective method of contraception is

Options:
A Multiple ovulation embryo transfer
B Tubal ligation
C Rhythm method
D Lactational amenorrhea

The correct answer is:
Tubal ligation

Solution:
Tubal ligation is the cutting and ligation of oviduct which prevent the transportation of ovum to prevent fertilization is the best method of contraception. Sterilization procedure in female is called as tubectomy. In tubectomy a small part of the fallopian tube is removed or tied up through a small incision in the abdomen, or through vagina. This technique is highly effective but their reversibility is very poor.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
The most immediate source of energy for living cells is generally in the form of

Options:
A Lipids
B Proteins
C Vitamins
D Carbohydrates

The correct answer is:
Carbohydrates

Solution:
Carbohydrates are the most important energy-providing substrates for animals. During cellular respiration and metabolic processes glucose is oxidized via glycolysis in cytoplasm and Krebs's cycle in mitochondria and produces energy in the form of ATP. ATP is further utilized by different cells for their activities.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
The most important conditions for the formation of ionic bond are

Options:
A High ionizations energy of the metallic atom and high electron affinity of the non-metallic atom
B Low ionization of the metallic atom and low electron affinity of the non-metallic atom
C Low ionization energy of metallic atom and high electron affinity of the non-metallic atom
D High ionization energy of the metallic atom and high electron affinity of non-metallic atom

The correct answer is:
Low ionization energy of metallic atom and high electron affinity of the non-metallic atom

Solution:
The most important conditions for the formation of ionic bond are low ionization energy of metallic atom and high electron affinity of the non-metallic atom.
Low ionization of the metallic atom and high electron affinity of the non-metallic atom makes the enthalpy of formation of the ionic substance more and more exothermic.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET
The most important ecologically relevant environmental factor is

Options:
A Temperature
B Water
C Light
D Soil

The correct answer is:
Temperature

Solution:
The average temperature on land varies seasonally, decreases progressively from the equator towards the poles and from plains to the mountain tops. It ranges from subzero levels in polar areas and high altitudes to >50°C in tropical deserts in summer. These variations produce distinct biomes.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
The most important feature in a plasmid to be used as a vector is:

Options:
A Origin of replication (ori)
B Presence of a selectable marker
C Presence of sites for restriction endonuclease
D All of these

The correct answer is:
All of these

Solution:
Vectors are gene carriers used in genetic engineering. A vector must be able to replicate (thus requires the origin of replication), easily identifiable in order to select the transformed cells (thus requires selectable marker) and easily cleavable into fragments to add foreign DNA (thus requires presence of sites for restriction endonucleases).

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
The most important feature in a plasmid to be used as a vector is

Options:
A Origin of replication (ori)
B Presence of a selectable maker
C Presence of sites for restriction endonuclease
D Its size.

The correct answer is:
Origin of replication (ori)

Solution:
Plasmids and bacteriophages are used as cloning vectors. Bacteriophages have very high copy numbers as compared to plasmids which have only one or two copies per cell or may go up to 15-100 copies per cell. Origin of replication (ori) is the sequence from where replication starts. When a piece of DNA is linked to this Ori site it can be made to replicate within the host cells. Ori site is also responsible for controlling the number of copies made. As bacteriophages create a lot of copies it may lead to confusion where as plasmids which have few or at times single site of origin of replication they are preferred to be used as a vector. Therefore the most important feature in a plasmid to be used as a vector is Ori.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
The most important feature of a plasmid to serve as a vector in gene cloning experiment is:

Options:
A Origin of replication (ori)
B Presence of a selectable marker
C Presence of sites for restriction endonuclease
D Its size

The correct answer is:
Origin of replication (ori)

Solution:
Origin of replication (ori) is a sequence from where replication starts and any piece of DNA when linked to this sequence can be made to replicate within the host cells.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
The most important function of inflorescence is to help in

Options:
A Forming large number of fruits
B Attracting insects for cross-pollination
C Dispersal of seeds
D Release of pollen grains

The correct answer is:
Attracting insects for cross-pollination

Solution:
The most important function of inflorescence is making flowers more conspicuous to pollinating agents (insects/birds) so that chances of cross-pollination are high.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
The most important function of inflorescence is to help in

Options:
A Increasing length of plant
B Attracting insects for cross pollination
C Dispersal of seeds
D Release of pollen grains

The correct answer is:
Attracting insects for cross pollination

Solution:
The most important function of the inflorescence is to make the flower more conspicuous to pollinating agents (insects/birds) so that chances of cross-pollination are high.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
The most important human activity leading to the extinction of wildlife is

Options:
A Alteration and destruction of the natural habitats
B Hunting for commercially valuable wild life products
C Pollution of air and water
D Introduction of alien species

The correct answer is:
Alteration and destruction of the natural habitats

Solution:
Habitat alteration and natural habitat causes the destruction of breeding grounds, shelter, and sources of food. Destruction of natural habitat is the primary threat to biodiversity. Natural habitats, which protect natural flora and fauna are being converted to human settlements, harbors, dams, reservoirs, crop-lands, grazing grounds, and mining sites. Deforestation deprives animal life of shelter and food. This decreases the population of many species. Migratory animals are also affected by deforestation because of the disturbance in their routes.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
The most important role of K+ ions is that

Options:
A It provides a red colour.
B It promotes photosynthesis.
C It influences many enzymic activities which regulate many plant processes.
D It helps in the formation of cambium.

The correct answer is:
It influences many enzymic activities which regulate many plant processes.

Solution:
Potassium acts as an activator of several enzymes including DNA polymerase. It is an activator of more than 40 enzymes which regulates many plant processes.

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET
The most likely reason for the development of resistance against pesticides in insects damaging a crop is:

Options:
A random mutations
B genetic recombination
C directed mutations
D acquired heritable changes.

The correct answer is:
random mutations

Solution:
The most likely reason for the development of resistance against pesticides in insect damaging a crop is random mutations, because environmental stress, i.e. pesticides does not cause direct changes in genome $\mathrm{m}$ instead, it simply selects rather persisting mutations which result in phenotypes that are better adapted to the new environment in certain pesticides.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET, NEET 2004
The most notable diseases caused by prions are

A

commonly called

B

in cattle and its analogous variant

C

in humans.

Options:
A A - Cr–Jacob disease; B - Mad cow disease; C - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
B A - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy; B - Mad cow disease; C - PSTVd
C A - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy; B - Mad cow disease; C - Cr–Jacob disease
D A - Cr–Jacob disease; B - Mad cow disease; C - PSTVd

The correct answer is:
A - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy; B - Mad cow disease; C - Cr–Jacob disease

Solution:
Certain infectious neurological diseases were found to be transmitted by an agent consisting of the abnormally folded protein. The agent was similar in size to viruses. These agents were called prions. The most notable diseases caused by prions are bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) commonly called mad cow disease in cattle and its analogous variant Cr–Jacob disease (CJD) in humans.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
The most organised crystal system is

Options:
A Orthorhombic
B Cubic
C Monoclinic
D Hexagonal

The correct answer is:
Cubic

Solution:
Cubic unit cell has aâ=âbâ=âc and Î±â=âÎ²â=âÎ³â=â 90o.
So, it is considered as most organised crystal system.

Topic: Chemistry, Solid State, NEET
The most popularly known blood grouping is the $\mathrm{ABO}$ grouping. It is named $\mathrm{ABO}$ and not $A B C$, because ' $O$ ' in it refers to having

Options:
A other antigens besides A and B on RBCs
B over dominance of this type on the genes for A and $B$ types
C one antibody only-either anti-A or anti-B on the RBCs
D no antigens $A$ and $B$ on RBCs

The correct answer is:
no antigens $A$ and $B$ on RBCs

Solution:
Landsteiner divided human population into four groups based on the presence of antigens found in their RBCs. Each group represented a blood group. Thus, there are four types of blood groups A, B, AB and O. Blood group ' $O$ ' does not contain any antigen on RBCs, hence can be given to any person, that's why this blood group is called universal donor.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET, NEET 2009 (Screening)
The most probable radius (in pm) for finding the electron in He+ is

Options:
A 0.0
B 52.9
C 26.5
D 105.8

The correct answer is:
26.5

Solution:
Most probable radius = a0Z
where a0 = 52.9 pm. For helium ion, Z = 2 .
rmp = 52.92= 26.45 pm.

Topic: Chemistry, Structure of Atom, NEET
The most resistant organic material known which makes up the outermost layer of the pollen wall is:

Options:
A Pectin
B Cellulose
C Sporopollenin
D Lignin

The correct answer is:
Sporopollenin

Solution:
Sporopollenin is one of the most chemically inert biological polymers. It is a major component of the tough outer (exine) walls of plant spores and pollen grains. It is chemically very stable and is usually well preserved in soils and sediments. The exine layer is often intricately sculptured.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
The most serious form of malaria is caused by:

Options:
A Plasmodium vivax
B Plasmodium malaria
C Plasmodium falciparum
D Plasmodium ovale

The correct answer is:
Plasmodium falciparum

Solution:
Plasmodium, a tiny protozoan is responsible for this disease. Different species of Plasmodium (P. vivax, P. malaria and P. falciparum) are responsible for different types of malaria. Of these, malignant malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is the most serious one and can even be fatal.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
The most significant value of vegetative propagation is that:

Options:
A It enables rapid production of genetic variation.
B It is a means of producing a large population of individuals genetically identical to the parent.
C It ensures that the progeny are safe from the attack of diseases and practice.
D It is an ancient practice.

The correct answer is:
It is a means of producing a large population of individuals genetically identical to the parent.

Solution:
Vegetative propagation (asexual reproduction) in plants is the process where a new plant grows from a fragment (explant) of the parent plant and all plants are generally identical (clone) to the parent pant.

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
The most stable carbocation among the following is :

Options:
A

B

C

D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
The stability of carbocation can be described by the hyperconjugation. Greater the extent of hyperconjugation, more is the stability of carbocation.
Stability order of carbocations $=(3)\gt(1)\gt(4)\gt(2)$

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET, NEET 2024
The most stable carbocation, among the following is

Options:
A $\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_3 \mathrm{C}-\stackrel{\oplus}{\mathrm{C}} \mathrm{H}-\mathrm{CH}_3$
B $\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{CH}_2-\stackrel{\oplus}{\mathrm{C}} \mathrm{H}-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_3$
C $\mathrm{CH}_3-\stackrel{\oplus}{\mathrm{C}} \mathrm{H}-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_3$
D $\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{CH}_2-\stackrel{\oplus}{\mathrm{C}} \mathrm{H}_2$

The correct answer is:
$\mathrm{CH}_3-\stackrel{\oplus}{\mathrm{C}} \mathrm{H}-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_3$

Solution:
$\mathrm{CH}_3 \stackrel{+}{\mathrm{C}} \mathrm{H} \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_3$ is the most stable carbocation among the given carbocations. It is because the number of $\alpha$ - $\mathrm{H}$ atom attached to carbocation is maximum in $\mathrm{CH}_3 \stackrel{+}{\mathrm{C}} \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_3$. Thus, it has maximum number of hyperconjugating structure hence, it is most stable.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET, NEET 2019 (Odisha)
The most stable radical among the following is:

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
As + I increases, stability of free radical increases. Free radicals are electrophiles, hence electron donating groups stabilize the free radical. D has the most electron donating nature so it is most stable.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
The most suitable method of separation of 1:1 mixture of ortho and para-nitrophenol is:

Options:
A Sublimation
B Chromatography
C Crystallisation
D Steam distillation

The correct answer is:
Steam distillation

Solution:
The ortho and para isomers can be separated by steam distillation. o-nitrophenol is more volatile due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET, NEET 2017
The most suitable method of separation of 1:1 mixture of ortho and para-nitrophenol is:

Options:
A Sublimation
B Chromatography
C Crystallisation
D Steam distillation

The correct answer is:
Steam distillation

Solution:
The ortho and para isomers can be separated by steam distillation. o-nitrophenol is more volatile due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
The most suitable method of separation of 1 : 1 mixture of ortho and para-nitrophenols is

Options:
A Chromatography
B Crystallisation
C Steam distillation
D Sublimation

The correct answer is:
Steam distillation

Solution:
Steam distillation is used to separate a mixture of ortho and para nitrophenols. Due to the difference in their boiling points.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
The most suitable reagent for the conversion of RCH2OH→RCHO is

Options:
A KMnO4
B K2Cr2O7
C CrO3
D PCC

The correct answer is:
PCC

Solution:
The alcohol can be converted to aldehyde group by treating with oxidising agent Pyridinium chloro chromate (C5H5N⊕HCrO3Cl-) it is abbreviated as PCC and is called Collin's reagent. This reagent is used in non aqueous solvent like CH2Cl2 It is a very good reagent because it checks the further oxidation of aldehyde to carboxylic acid while rest oxidising agent oxidise aldehyde into carboxylic acid.

Topic: Chemistry, Carboxylic Acid Derivatives, NEET
The most suitable reagent for the following conversion, is:

Options:
A Na/liquid NH3
B H2, Pd/C, quinoline
C Zn/HCl
D Hg2+ / H+, H2O

The correct answer is:
H2, Pd/C, quinoline

Solution:
(i) Na/ Liquid NH3 (Birch reduction) it reduces non-terminal alkynes into alkene (trans/anti addition)

(ii) H2/Pd-C, quinoline (lindlar catalyst) reduces alkyne into alkene by syn addition. This will give the required product.

(iii) Zn/HCl is Clemmensen reduction which reduced carbonyl into an alkene.

(iv) Hg+2/H⊕,H2O is an electrophilic addition reaction, which converts alkyne into ketone.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET, NEET 2019 (All India)
The most thoroughly studied known bacteria–plant interactions is:

Options:
A Plant growth simulation by phosphate-solubilising bacteria
B Cyanobacterial symbiosis with some aquatic ferns
C Gall formation on certain angiosperms by Agrobacterium
D Nodulation of Sesbania stems by nitrogen fixing bacteria

The correct answer is:
Gall formation on certain angiosperms by Agrobacterium

Solution:
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens is called natural plant genetic engineer. Its interaction with plants is most thoroughly studied amongst the four options given in the question.
- A. tumefaciens is a soil bacterium which causes crown gall tumours in dicotyledonous plants. A gall-producing gene (T DNA) occurs in a large plasmid called tumour inducing (Ti) plasmid.
- Agrobacterium has been used to transfer gene in tobacco plants with increased resistance to TMV.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
The most thoroughly studied of the known bacteria-plant interactions is the:

Options:
A cyanobacterial symbiosis with some aquatic ferns
B gall formation on certain angiosperms by Agrobacterium
C nodulation of Sesbania stems by nitrogen fixing bacteria
D plant growth stimulation by phosphate-solubilising bacteria.

The correct answer is:
gall formation on certain angiosperms by Agrobacterium

Solution:
The Agrobacterium crown gall phenomenon is extensively used as natural genetic engineer in plant genetic engineering.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET, NEET 2004
The most unlikely representation of resonance structures of p-nitrophenoxide ion is

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
Among the given structures, the most unlikely structure is given in option C because in this structure N is shown to be pentavalent but N-atom can not have more than 4 bonds as it has only 1s and 3p orbitals and no d orbital.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET
The most unlikely resonating structures of p-nitrophenoxide ion is :

Options:
A

B

C

D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
'N' being a 2nd period atom can't expand its octet and hence can't have five bonds on it, thus the structure above is invalid.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
The most widely accepted method of contraception for females in India, who want to delay pregnancy and/or space children, is

Options:
A Intra Uterine Devices
B Tubectomy
C Oral Contraceptive Pills
D Diaphragms

The correct answer is:
Intra Uterine Devices

Solution:
Intra-uterine devices (IUDs) are ideal contraceptives for females who want to delay pregnancy and/or space children. It is one of the most widely accepted method of contraception in India.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
The most widely accepted theory of ascent of sap in trees is

Options:
A Capillarity
B Role of atmospheric pressure
C Pulsating action of living cell
D Cohesion-tension-transpiration pull model

The correct answer is:
Cohesion-tension-transpiration pull model

Solution:
Transpiration pull and cohesion theory was put forward by Dixon and Jolly in 1894. According to this theory, the water rises due to the transpiration pull, continuity of the water column, and the cohesive power of water molecules from the lower part of the roots to the higher peaks of the trees.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
The mother has $\mathrm{A}+$ blood group the father has $\mathrm{B}+$ and the child is $\mathrm{A}+$. What can be the possibility of genotypes of all three, respectively?
A. $\quad I^A I^A\left|I^B i\right| I^B i$
B. $\quad I^A I^A\left|I^B i\right| I^A i$
C. $\quad I^B i\left|I^A I^A\right| I^A I^B$
D. $\quad I^A I^A\left|I^B I^B\right| I^A i$
E. $\quad I^A i\left|I^B i\right| I^{A_i}$
Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

Options:
A C and D
B D and A
C A and B
D B and E

The correct answer is:
B and E

Solution:
The child blood group is $\left(\mathrm{A}^*\right)$ that means he must have received ( $i$ ) allele from the father i.e. the father genotype is $\left(I^B I\right)$.
While mother can have $\mu^\mu \mu^\mu$ or $\mu^A$ genotype.
So, the possible genotypes of all three i.e. mother, father and child respectively would be either
(B) $I^A I^A\left|I^B i\right| I^A i$
(E) $I^A i\left|I^B i\right| I^{A_i}$

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET, NEET 2024 (Re-NEET)
The motile bacteria are able to move by:

Options:
A Fimbriae
B Flagella
C Cilia
D Pili

The correct answer is:
Flagella

Solution:
Flagella is the locomotory structure present in bacteria. These are helically shaped structure made up of the protein flagellin. The flagellum rotates in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction, in propelling the bacteria.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET, NEET 2014
The motion of a particle along a straight line is described by equation $x=8+12 t-t^3$ where, $x$ is in metre and $t$ in second. The retardation of the particle when its velocity becomes zero, is

Options:
A $24 \mathrm{~ms}^{-2}$
B zero
C $6 \mathrm{~ms}^{-2}$
D $12 \mathrm{~ms}^{-2}$

The correct answer is:
$12 \mathrm{~ms}^{-2}$

Solution:
Given, $x=8+12 t-t^3$
We know $v=\frac{d x}{d t}$
and $a=\frac{d v}{d t}$
So, $v=12-3 t^2$
and $a=-6 t$
At $t=2 \mathrm{~s}$
$y=0$ and $a=-6 t$
So, $a=-12 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^2$
So, retardation of the particle $=12 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^2$.

Topic: Physics, Motion In One Dimension, NEET, NEET 2012 (Screening)
The motion of a particle along a straight line is described by equation x=8+12tât3 where x is in metre and t in second. The retardation of the particle when its velocity becomes zero is

Options:
A 24 m s-2
B Zero
C 6 m s-2
D 12 m s-2

The correct answer is:
12 m s-2

Solution:
Given :x = 8 + 12 12t â t3
Velocity, v = dâ¡ x dâ¡ t = 1 2 - 3 t 2
When v = 0, 12 â 3t2 = 0 or t = 2 s
a = dâ¡ vâ¡ dâ¡ t = - 6 t
a|t = 2 s = â 12 m sâ2
Retardation = 12 m sâ2

Topic: Physics, Motion In One Dimension, NEET
The motion of a particle executing SHM is given byx=0.01sinâ¡100Ï(t+0.05), where x is in metre and time t is in second. The time period is

Options:
A 0.2 s

B 0.1 s
C 0.02 s
D 0.01 s

The correct answer is:
0.02 s

Solution:
x=0.01sinâ¡100Ït+0.05
=0.01sinâ¡(100Ït+5Ï)
â´ Angular frequency Ï=100Ï=2ÏT
or T=2100=0.02 s

Topic: Physics, Oscillations, NEET