datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Vertebral formula for human beings is

Options:
A C 5 T 1 2 L 7 S 5 C 3 - 5 = 3 3 - 3 5
B C 7 T 1 2 L 5 S 5 C 3 - 5 = 3 3 - 3 5
C C 5 T 1 0 L 5 S 5 C 3 - 5 = 3 3
D C 7 T 1 0 L 5 S 5 C 3 - 5 = 3 3

The correct answer is:
C 7 T 1 2 L 5 S 5 C 3 - 5 = 3 3 - 3 5

Solution:
Cervical vertebrae are 7 in number, thoracic 12 in number, lumbar 5 in number, sacral 5 in number in childhood, they fuse in adults to form a single bone, the sacrum coccygeal vary from 3–5 in number.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
Vertebrate hearts and brains shows

Options:
A analogy.
B atavism.
C homology.
D adaptive radiation.

The correct answer is:
analogy.

Solution:
Examples of homologous organs:
Example 1: Pattern of bones of forelimbs in Whales, bats, Cheetah and human (all mammals) share similarities in anatomical structure (all have humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges in their forelimbs) but perform different functions.
Example 2: Vertebrate hearts.
Example 3: Vertebrate brains.
Example 4: Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Vertebrates are also called craniates as the brain is protected by the brain box. In humans the number of bones that form this brain box is

Options:
A 4 paired and 2 unpaired bones
B 2 paired and 4 unpaired bones
C 3 paired and 2 unpaired bones
D 4 paired bones

The correct answer is:
2 paired and 4 unpaired bones

Solution:
The hard protective outer covering for the brain in man is called cranium or brain box. It is formed by cranial bones. They are 8 in number. A pair of temporal bones, a pair of parietal bones, single frontal bone, single occipital bone, single sphenoid bone, and single ethmoid bone.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels is called

Options:
A vertical zones
B stratification
C humification
D succession

The correct answer is:
stratification

Solution:
Stratification is the structure or recognizable pattern in the spatial arrangement of the members of the communities. More specifically stratification represents vertical zonation in the community. The vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels is called stratification.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels is called

Options:
A Stratification
B Eutrophication
C Productivity
D Biodiversity

The correct answer is:
Stratification

Solution:
The vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in an ecosystem is called stratification. This is also known as the arrangement of vegetation in layers.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Very pure hydrogen (99.9%) can be made by which of the following processes?

Options:
A Reaction of methane with steam
B Reaction of salt like hydrides with water
C Electrolysis of water
D Mixing natural hydrocarbons of high molecular weight

The correct answer is:
Reaction of salt like hydrides with water

Solution:
Metal hydrides react with water to give pure hydrogen.
MH(metalhydride)→H2OMOHmetalhydroxide+H2↑

Topic: Chemistry, s Block Elements, NEET
Vesicles can be formed by which structures from the following?

Cell Surface Membrane	Endoplasmic Reticulum	Golgi Body

I	Yes	Yes	Yes

II	Yes	Yes	No

III	Yes	No	Yes

IV	No	Yes	Yes

Options:
A I
B II
C III
D IV

The correct answer is:
I

Solution:
Vesicle is a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a membrane. All the three structure mentioned display formation of vesicles. Cell surface membrane helps in making food vacuoles, viz. amoeba endocytosis process where it ingest the food particles by making a vacuole which is a vesicle formed by the cell membrane. ER produces vesicles to enclose the products for movement within cell, viz. RER enclosed the protein in a vesicles and passes it to Golgi bodies for further processing. Lastly, golgi body has a characteristic feature of producing vesicles; viz., to release the secretion of a glandular cell out of the cell body that is exocytosis.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Vessels are found in:

Options:
A all angiosperms and some gymnosperm
B most of the angiosperm and few gymnosperms
C all angiosperms, all gymnosperms and some pteridophyta
D all pteridophyta

The correct answer is:
most of the angiosperm and few gymnosperms

Solution:
Vessels are typically found in flowering plants that are angiosperm and absent in most gymnosperm.
Related Theory
Gnetophyta is an odd group of species belonging to gymnosperms. Most gymnosperms do not possess vessels in their xylem as opposed to angiosperms which have both tracheid and vessels. However, gnetophytes belonging to gymnosperms are an exception. They possess vessels.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2002
Vessels differ from tracheids in having

Options:
A In being living
B Presence of perforation plates at both ends
C Enucleated condition
D All of the above

The correct answer is:
Presence of perforation plates at both ends

Solution:
Tracheids are elongated cells in the xylem of vascular plants that serve in the transport of water and mineral salts. Tracheids are one of two types of tracheary elements, vessel elements being the other. Tracheids, unlike vessel elements, do not have perforation plates.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Vexillary aestivation is characteristic of the family

Options:
A Fabaceae
B Asteraceae
C Solanaceae
D Brassicaceae

The correct answer is:
Fabaceae

Solution:
Vexillary aestivation of corolla is a characteristic of family-Papilionaceae in which corolla (petals) are papilionaceous. In papilionaceous corolla, the posterior petal called vexillum is largest, two lateral, curved petals are called wings and two anterior, boat-shaped petals are called keels.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2012 (Screening)
Vinblastin and curcumin are

Options:
A Drugs
B Toxins
C Terpenoids
D Essential oils

The correct answer is:
Drugs

Solution:
Vinblastin is a natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vinblastin binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and arrest of tumor cells in the M phase of the cell cycle. Alkaloid and sesquiterpene from the root tuber of Curcuma longa is curcumin.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Vincristine and curcumin belong to the category of:

Options:
A Drugs
B Lectins
C Toxins
D Alkaloids

The correct answer is:
Alkaloids

Solution:
Vinblastin and vincristine are natural alkaloid isolated from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. Vinblastin binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in disruption of mitotic spindle assembly and arrest of tumor cells in the M phase of the cell cycle. Alkaloid and sesquiterpenes from the root tuber of Curcuma longa is curcumin.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Virion is a _____.

Options:
A nucleic acid of virus
B antiviral agent
C protein of virus
D completely assembled virus outside host

The correct answer is:
completely assembled virus outside host

Solution:
Virus is an infectious agent having a genetic material enclosed by an organic material that can replicate inside a host organism. Viruses are known to infect all forms of living organisms.
A fully assembled virus that has not infected any host cell is called virion. It is a complete functional virus that has the capacity to infect host cell. Extracellular viruses are also called virion.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Viroids differ from viruses in having:

Options:
A DNA molecules with protein coat
B DNA molecules without protein coat
C RNA molecules with protein coat
D RNA molecules without protein coat

The correct answer is:
RNA molecules without protein coat

Solution:
Viroids are sub-viral agents as infectious RNA particles, without a protein coat.
Virus:- It is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. It is an obligate intracellular parasite which can reproduce only by invading and taking over other cells as they lack the cellular machinery for self-reproduction.
Viroids:- These are the smallest infectious pathogens known. These are subviral, smallest known agents of infectious disease. The term viroid was coined by T.O. Diener (1971) to describe the agent of the potato spindle tuber disease. There are some 25 viroids which vary in nucleotide sequence. These are spread by plant propagation through seeds and by manual mishandling with contaminated implements.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET, NEET 2017
Viroids have

Options:
A double stranded DNA enclosed by a protein coat
B double stranded RNA enclosed by a protein coat
C single stranded RNA not enclosed by a protein coat
D single stranded DNA not enclosed by a protein coat

The correct answer is:
single stranded RNA not enclosed by a protein coat

Solution:
Viroids are infectious single stranded RNA which lack protein coat. They are the smallest pathogen which cause diseases only in plants.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Virus envelope is known as

Options:
A capsid
B virion
C nucleoprotein
D core

The correct answer is:
capsid

Solution:
Structurally viruses are very diverse varying widely in size, shape and chemical composition. The nucleic acid of virus is always located within the virion particle and surrounded by a protien shell called capsid. The protein coat is compound of a number of individual protein molecules called structural subunits. The complete complex of nucleic acid and proteins, packaged in the virion is called the virus nucleocapsid.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET, NEET 2010 (Screening)
Viruses are considered as a living organism because it

Options:
A reproduces inside the host cell.
B can multiply outside the host cell.
C respond to touch stimuli.
D respires.

The correct answer is:
reproduces inside the host cell.

Solution:
Viruses are connecting link between living and nonliving. It is living as it consists of genetic material nucleic acid and can reproduce inside living host cells to form a new complete virus particle. It is nonliving as it lacks cellular organization as it is crystalline outside a living host cell.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Viruses are no more "alive" than isolated chromosomes because:

Options:
A they require both RNA and DNA
B they both need food molecules
C they both require oxygen for respiration
D both require the environment of a cell to replicate

The correct answer is:
both require the environment of a cell to replicate

Solution:
Outside of a host cell, viruses do not use any energy. They only become active when they come into contact with a host cell. Once activated, they use the host cell's energy and tools to make more viruses. Because they do not use their own energy, some scientists do not consider them alive.
Related Theory
The only point favouring the virus as living entities is that they have the ability to reproduce (multiply) within the host by using host's machinery. The only point favouring the viruses as living entities is that they have the ability to reproduce (multiply)-though in the host using host's machinery.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET, NEET 2003
Viruses are non-cellular organisms but replicate themselves once they infect the host cell. To which of the following kingdoms do viruses belong to?

Options:
A Monera
B Protista
C Fungi
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
None of the above

Solution:
Viruses do not belong to any classification of Kingdom as they are not living.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Viruses have which type of structure outside the cell of the host?

Options:
A Amorphous
B Inert crystalline
C Acidic Crystals
D Alkaline Crystals

The correct answer is:
Inert crystalline

Solution:
The viruses are non-cellular organisms that are characterized by having an inert crystalline structure outside the living cell.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Viruses have

Options:
A DNA enclosed in a protein coat
B Prokaryotic nucleus
C Single Chromosome
D Both DNA and RNA

The correct answer is:
DNA enclosed in a protein coat

Solution:
The genetic material is enclosed by capsid which is made up of proteins. Viruses can have either DNA or RNA as genetic material.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET, NEET 2014
Viruses replicate in

Options:
A Dead tissue
B In living cell
C Culture medium
D On living cell

The correct answer is:
In living cell

Solution:
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasite and they are living only inside living host cell. They replicates inside living host cell by using the system of the host. Viruses cannot be cultured in artificial nutrient medium.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Virus-mediated transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another is called

Options:
A transduction
B transformation
C transversion
D translation

The correct answer is:
transduction

Solution:
The process of introducing foreign DNA in to a cell by a virus or viral vector is called as transduction. It is commonly observed in bacteriophages that infect bacterial cells.
Translation is a step in protein synthesis where mRNA is translated to polypeptide chain in the protein synthesis process.
When the genome of a cell is altered/modified by direct uptake of foreign DNA through the cell membrane from surrounding is termed as transformation. The modified cells/organisms are called transformant.
Mutation occurring in a sequence due to change in purine by a pyrimidine or vice versa is termed as transversion. This process can by spontaneous or can be induced by a mutagen.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Visible light of wavelength 6000×10-8cm falls normally on a single slit and produces a diffraction pattern. It is found that the second diffraction minimum is at 60o from the central maximum. If the first minimum is produced at θ1, then θ1 is close to

Options:
A 20o
B 30o
C 25o
D 45o

The correct answer is:
25o

Solution:
For 2nd minima,
dsinâ¡Î¸=2Î»
sinâ¡Î¸=32 (given)
âÎ»d=34 ...(1)
So, for 1st minima
dsinÎ¸=Î»
sinâ¡Î¸=Î»d=34
Î¸=25.65o
Î¸â25o

Topic: Physics, Wave Optics, NEET
Vital capacity is a sum of

Options:
A inspiratory capacity and expiratory capacity
B tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
C tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, residual volume and expiratory reserve volume
D residual volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume

The correct answer is:
tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume

Solution:
Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration. This includes Expiratory Reserve Volume, Tidal Volume and Inspiratory Reserve VolumeIt can also be represented as the maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Vital capacity of lung is ______ .

Options:
A IRV + ERV + TV
B IRV + ERV
C IRV + ERV + TV + RV
D IRV + ERV + TV - RV

The correct answer is:
IRV + ERV + TV

Solution:
Vital Capacity (VC) is the maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration. This includes ERV, TV and IRV or the maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration. Hence, option A is correct, i.e., VC= TV + IRV + ERV.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET, NEET 2023 (All India)
Vital capacity of the lung is the sum of:

Options:
A inspiratory capacity and expiratory capacity
B tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
C tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, residual volume and expiratory reserve volume
D residual volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume

The correct answer is:
tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume

Solution:
Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration. This includes expiratory reserve volume, tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume. It can also be represented as the maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Vital index of a population is

Options:
A B D × 1 0 0
B B - D
C D E × 1 0 0
D B + D

The correct answer is:
B D × 1 0 0

Solution:
Vital index is the ratio of births to deaths within a population during a given time. i.e., B D × 1 0 0

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Vitamin B2is also known as:

Options:
A Thiamine
B Riboflavin
C Pyridoxine
D Ascorbic acid

The correct answer is:
Riboflavin

Solution:
Correct Option is : 2
Riboflavin

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Vitamin $B_{12}$ contains:

Options:
A $\mathrm{Fe}$ (II)
B $\mathrm{Co}$ (III)
C $\mathrm{Zn}$ (III)
D $\mathrm{Ca}$ (II)

The correct answer is:
$\mathrm{Co}$ (III)

Solution:
Vitamin $B_{12}$ is also referred to as cobalamin, because it contains a metal ion Cobalt [Co (III)].
Related Theory
The most common cause of vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiency is a lack of asubstance called intrinsic factor due to which immune system mistakenly attacks the stomach cells that produce this substance and cause pernicious anaemia

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET, NEET 2003
Vitamin B12 deficiency in the body causes megakaryocytic anemia. The secretion of which of the following cells is required for the absorption of it B12?

Options:
A Oxyntic cells
B Neck cells
C Chief cells
D Crypts of Lieberkuhn

The correct answer is:
Oxyntic cells

Solution:
Parietal or oxyntic cells that secrete HCl (makes stomach pH 1-3) and castle intrinsic factor (factor essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the intestine).

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
Viviparity is considered to be more evolved because:

Options:
A the young ones are left on their
B the young ones are protected by a thick shell
C the young ones are protected inside the mother’s body and are looked after they are born, leading to more chances of survival
D the embryo takes a long time to develop

The correct answer is:
the young ones are protected inside the mother’s body and are looked after they are born, leading to more chances of survival

Solution:
Mammals were viviparous and protected their unborn young inside the mother’s body. Mammals were more intelligent in sensing and avoiding danger at least.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Volant adaptation is for

Options:
A flying
B swimming
C climbing
D running

The correct answer is:
flying

Solution:
Volant adaptations are flight adaptations, like body covering with feathers, light and fused bones.

Topic: Biology, The Living World, NEET
Volume occupied by one molecule of water (density $=1 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~cm}^{-3}$ ) is

Options:
A $9.0 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{~cm}^3$
B $6.023 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{~cm}^3$
C $3.0 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{~cm}^3$
D $5.5 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{~cm}^3$

The correct answer is:
$3.0 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{~cm}^3$

Solution:
$6.02 \times 10^{23}$ molecules of water
$\begin{aligned}
& =1 \mathrm{~mol} \\
& =18 \mathrm{~g}
\end{aligned}$
$\therefore$ Mass of one molecule of water
$\begin{aligned}
& =\frac{18}{6.023 \times 10^{23} \mathrm{~g}} \\
\because V=\frac{m}{d} & =\frac{d=\frac{m}{V}}{6.023 \times 10^{23} \times 1} \\
\therefore & \approx 3 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{~cm}^3
\end{aligned}$

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, NEET, NEET 2008 (Screening)
Volume of 0.1 M H2SO4 required to neutralize 30 mL of 0.2 N NaOH is

Options:
A 30 mL
B 15 mL
C 40 mL
D 60 mL

The correct answer is:
30 mL

Solution:
0.1 M of H2SO4 â0.2 N of H2SO4
â´ N1V1=N2V2 N 1 =0.2âNâ H 2 SO 4
0.2 Ã V1=30 Ã 0.2
â´ V1=30 mL

Topic: Chemistry, Redox Reactions, NEET
Volume of 0.1 M K2Cr2O7 required to oxidize 35 ml of 0.5 M FeSO4 solution is

Options:
A 29.2 ml
B 145 ml
C 175 ml
D 58.9 ml

The correct answer is:
29.2 ml

Solution:
K2Cr2O7+6FeSO4+7H2SO4→K2SO4+Cr2(SO4)3+3Fe2(SO4)3+7H2O
For K2Cr2O7,M=0.1M,n1=1,V1=?
For FeSO4,M=0.5M,n2=6,V2=35 ml
M1V1n1=M2n2n2
V1=29.2 ml

Topic: Chemistry, Redox Reactions, NEET
Volume V of the nucleus is related to mass number A as

Options:
A V∝A2
B V∝A1/3
C V∝A2/3
D V∝A

The correct answer is:
V∝A

Solution:
Radius (R) of nucleus is related with mass number (A) as R∝A1/3
Now, Volume ∝R3∝A

Topic: Physics, Atomic Physics, NEET
Volume-temperature graph at atmospheric pressure for a monoatomic gas (V in m3, T in celcius) is

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
PV=nRt V= nR P ( T c +273.15) V=( nR P ) T c + 273.15nR P
Positive slope positive intercept
The volume of gas is zero at absolute zero temperature ( 0 K )
Thus, the volume has a positive value at 0°C since the volume is directly proportonal to the absolute temperature and 0  K=−273.15°C

Topic: Physics, Kinetic Theory of Gases, NEET
Warming ammonium chloride with sodium hydroxide in a test tube is an example of

Options:
A closed system
B isolated system
C open system
D none of these

The correct answer is:
open system

Solution:
Warming ammonium chloride with sodium hydroxide in a test tube is an example of open system as change of both mass and energy occurs here.

Topic: Chemistry, Thermodynamics (C), NEET
Was Panchanan Maheshwari honoured with the fellowship of the Royal Society of London (FRS)?

Options:
A Yes
B No
C Sometimes
D Not mentioned

The correct answer is:
Yes

Solution:
Panchanan was honoured with the fellowship of the Royal Society of London (FRS), Indian National Science Academy, and several other institutions of excellence.

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
Wastes may be sealed in concrete-filled drums and discharged to a depth of about 500m. This specific statement is true for:

Options:
A Radiation pollutants
B U.V. radiation pollutants
C Particle pollutants
D All radioactive pollutants

The correct answer is:
All radioactive pollutants

Solution:
Radiation given off by radioactive wastes is extremely hazardous to the organisms due to high mutation frequency. The radiation exposure at high doses can be lethal and at lower level lead to various disorder, most common been cancer.
For disposal of radioactive waste, it is recommended to store then in shielded containers and buried with rocks atleast at a depth of 500 m. This should be done after proper pre-treatment to avoid any leakage.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
Wastewater treatment generates a large quantity of sludge, which can be treated by

Options:
A Anaerobic digesters
B Floe
C Chemicals
D Oxidation pond

The correct answer is:
Anaerobic digesters

Solution:
Wastewater treatment generates a large quantity of sludge, which can be treated by anaerobic sludge digesters.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Water and minerals in Lichen are absorbed by?

Options:
A Algal Partner
B Fungal partner
C Both algal and fungal partner
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Fungal partner

Solution:
The algal component of lichens is known as phycobiont, while the fungal component is known as mycobiont. The phycobiont is autotrophic and prepares food for the mycobiont, which is heterotrophic and provides shelter and absorbs mineral nutrients and water.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Water constitutes _____ % of the total cellular mass.

Options:
A 10
B 30
C 50
D 90

The correct answer is:
90

Solution:
Water is the most important constituent of all living cells. All metabolic reactions occur in water, and hydration of cell is necessary for the functioning of all enzymes. All metabolic activity ceases when the water content of cell decreases below 50%.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET