datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
The pressure of a medium is changed from 1.01× 10 5  Pa to 1.165× 10 5  Pa and change in volume is 10% keeping temperature constant.The bulk modulus of the medium is

Options:
A 204.8× 10 5  Pa
B 102.4× 10 5  Pa
C 51.2× 10 5  Pa
D 1.55× 10 5 Pa

The correct answer is:
1.55× 10 5 Pa

Solution:
From the definition of bulk modulus,
β=−∆P∆V/V=−V⋅∆P∆V
Substituting the values, we have
β= −( 1.165−1.01 )× 10 5 −10 ×100=1.55× 10 5   Pa

Topic: Physics, Mechanical Properties of Solids, NEET
The pressure of H2 required to make the potential of hydrogen electrode zero in pure water at 298 K is:

Options:
A 10-14 atm
B 10-12Â atm
C 10-10Â atm
D 10-4Â atm

The correct answer is:
10-14 atm

Solution:
Pt,H2gH+ Hydrogen electrode EH2/H+o=0.0 Volt
H2gâ2Haq++2e-
H+=10-7 M at 25oC (for Pure water)
E=-0.05912logâ¡H+2PH2
E=0=logâ¡H+PH2=0
â´ H + 2 = P H 2 = 10 â7 2
â´PH2=10-14 atm

Topic: Chemistry, Electrochemistry, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 1)
The pressure of the given mass of a gas in a thermodynamic system is changed in such a way that 20 J of heat is released from the gas and 8 J of work is done on the gas. If the initial internal energy of the gas was 30 J then final internal energy will be

Options:
A 2 J
B 42 J
C 18 J
D 58 J

The correct answer is:
18 J

Solution:
Heat Released, ΔQ=-20 J
Work Done by gas, W=-8 J

∴ ΔU=ΔQ-W
Uf-Ui=-20--8
Uf-30=-12
Uf=18 J

Topic: Physics, Thermodynamics, NEET
The pressure on a circular plate is measured by measuring the force on the plate and the radius of the plate. If the errors in measurement of force and radius are 5% and 3%, respectively, then the percentage of error in the measurement of pressure is

Options:
A 8
B 14
C 11
D 12

The correct answer is:
11

Solution:
P=FA=FπR2
ΔPP×100=ΔFF×100+2ΔRR×100
=5+23=5+6=11
ΔPP×100=11%

Topic: Physics, Units and Dimensions, NEET
The pressure on a square plate is measured by measuring the force on the plate and the length of the sides of the plate. If the maximum errors in the measurement of force and length are respectively, 4% and 2%, then the maximum error in the measurement of pressure is

Options:
A 1%
B 2%
C 6%
D 8%

The correct answer is:
8%

Solution:
∴p=FA=Fl2, so maximum error in pressure p is
Δpp×100max=ΔFF×100+2Δll×100
=4%+2×2%
=8%

Topic: Physics, Units and Dimensions, NEET
The pressure P, volume V and temperature T of a certain material are related by the equation P=Î±T2/V. The work done by the material at constant pressure, when the temperature changes from T0 to 2T0, is

Options:
A 3Î±T02
B 5αT02
C 23αT02
D 7αT02

The correct answer is:
3αT02

Solution:
The given relation is
P=αT2V∴V=αT2P
As pressure is kept constant, dV=2αTPdT
W=∫P·dV=∫T02T0P2αTPdT=2αT22T02T0=3αT02

Topic: Physics, Thermodynamics, NEET
The pressure P , volume V and temperature T of a gas in the jar A and the other gas in the jar B at pressure 2p, volume V4 and temperature 2T, then the ratio of the number of molecules in the jar A and B will be

Options:
A 1 : 1

B 1 : 2

C 2 : 1

D 4 : 1

The correct answer is:
4 : 1

Solution:
We have, ideal gas equation pV=Î¼RT=NNART
where, N = number of molecule
NA= Avogadro number
â´ N1N2=p1p2 V1V2 T2T1=p2p VV4 2TT=41

Topic: Physics, Thermodynamics, NEET
The pressure with which we feel the artery hitting our finger when we measure pulse is

Options:
A The sum of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure
B The product of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure
C The difference in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure
D The mean of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure

The correct answer is:
The difference in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure

Solution:
The minimum pressure in the artery is diastolic blood pressure, which is 80mm Hg. The maximum pressure in the artery is systolic blood pressure, which is 120mm Hg. When the artery expands, it expands from the pressure of 80mm Hg to a pressure of 120mm Hg. Thus, the pressure with which we feel the artery hitting our finger is 120 - 80 = 40mm Hg. It is also called pulse pressure.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
The primary dentition in human differs from permanent dentition in not having one of the following types of teeth:

Options:
A Premolars
B Molars
C Incisors
D Canine

The correct answer is:
Premolars

Solution:
The dental formula of human adult (permanent dentition) ICPMICPM=21232123
The dental formula of the child (primary dentition) ICPMICPM = 21022102
So premolars and third molar (last molar) are absent in primary dentition.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 2)
The primary producers of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem are

Options:
A Green algae
B Chemosynthetic bacteria
C Blue-green algae
D Coral reefs

The correct answer is:
Chemosynthetic bacteria

Solution:
The primary producers of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem are Archaebacteria, they have a chemosynthetic mode of nutrition. In most of the animals, the metabolic reactions or entire physiological functions proceed optimally in a narrow temperature range. In humans, it occurs at 37oC temperature. However, there are microbes like Archaebacteria that flourish in hot springs and deep-sea hydrothermal vents where temperatures far exceed 100oC. Archaebacteria sustain their life under extremes of temperature and pH. The cell membrane contains branched-chain lipids (phytanyl side chains) which decrease membrane fluidity. This chemical composition of the cell membrane enables these organisms to withstand extremes of temperature and pH.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 2)
The primary source of allelic variation is

Options:
A

Independent assortment

B

Mutation

C

Polyploidy

D

Recombination

The correct answer is:

Mutation

Solution:
The primary source of allelic variation is mutation, which leads to the appearance of alternative characters

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
The primary structure of a protein molecule has

Options:
A Two ends
B One end
C Three ends
D No ends

The correct answer is:
Two ends

Solution:
The primary structure of a protein molecule has two ends.

Topic: Biology, Biomolecules (B), NEET
The primary target of the hormones of hypothalamus is

Options:
A pineal gland.
B thymus.
C pituitary.
D testis.

The correct answer is:
pituitary.

Solution:
The hypothalamus is the floor of diencephalon which is a part of forebrain. It contains many neurosecretory cells which secrete hormones. These hormones control formation and secretion of pituitary hormones. Pituitary gland is attached to hypothalamus via stalk known as infundibulum. Pituitary gland is made up of two lobes: Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis and both these parts are dependent on the hypothalamus. Hypothalamus secrets various releasing and inhibiting hormones which bring about release of hormones of anterior pituitary which is a part of adenohypophysis. Neurohypophysis does not produce any hormone of its own but stores hormones of the hypothalamus. Thus primary target of hypothalamus is pituitary gland also known as hypophysis or master endocrine gland. Hence hypothalamus is regarded as master of master endocrine gland.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
The primary treatment of waste water involves the removal of

Options:
A Dissolved impurities
B Stable particles
C Toxic substances
D Harmful bacteria

The correct answer is:
Stable particles

Solution:
Treatment basically involves physical removal of particles from sewage through: (i) Filtration and (ii) Sedimentation These are removed in stages: (i) Initially floating debris is removed by sequential filtration. (ii) Then the grit (soil and pebbles) are removed by sedimentation

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
The primitive prokaryotes responsible for the production of biogas from the dung of ruminant animals, include the:

Options:
A Halophiles
B Thermoacidophiles
C Methanogens
D Eubacteria

The correct answer is:
Methanogens

Solution:
Archaebacteria are considered as most primitive prokaryote which appeared on earth for the first time as it could survive through the anaerobic harsh environment present that time.
Halophiles, thermoacidophiles and methanogens are archaebacteria.
Methanogens are present in the rumen of cattle that is present in dung as well. It helps in production of methane gas that is a component of biogas.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 1)
The principal buffer present in the blood is

Options:
A NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4
B CH3COOH/CH3COONa
C H 2 CO 3 /HCO 3 −
D CH3COONH4

The correct answer is:
H 2 CO 3 /HCO 3 −

Solution:
The principal buffer present in blood is HCO3-/H2CO3.

Topic: Chemistry, Ionic Equilibrium, NEET
The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised

Options:
A in kidneys but eliminated mostly through liver
B in kidneys as well as eliminated by kidneys
C in liver and also eliminated by the same through bile
D in the liver, but eliminated mostly through kidneys

The correct answer is:
in the liver, but eliminated mostly through kidneys

Solution:
In humans, the principal nitrogenous excretory compound (ie, urea) is synthesized in liver by ornithine cycle. In liver, one molecule of $\mathrm{CO}_2$ is activated by biotin and combines with two molecules of $\mathrm{NH}_3$ in the presence of carbamyl phosphate synthetase enzyme and 2ATP to form carbamyl phosphate and one molecule of $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ is released. Carbamyl phosphate reacts with ornithine and forms citrulline. Citrulline combines with another molecule of ammonia and form arginine that is broken into urea and ornithine in the presence of an enzyme arginase and water.
$$
\begin{array}{r}
2 \mathrm{NH}_3+\mathrm{CO}_2 \stackrel{\text { Arginase }}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{NH}_2-\mathrm{CO}-\mathrm{NH}_2 \\
+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}
\end{array}
$$
urea is eliminated mostly through kidney as nitrogenous excretory product.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET, NEET 2010 (Screening)
The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised

Options:
A In the liver, but eliminated mostly through kidneys
B In kidneys but eliminated mostly through liver
C In kidneys as well as eliminated by kidneys
D In liver and also eliminated by the same through bile

The correct answer is:
In the liver, but eliminated mostly through kidneys

Solution:
The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in human is urea. It is synthesized in the mitochondrial matrix and cytosol of liver cells and eliminated through kidneys.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET
The principle agent of alcoholic fermentation and bread making is:

Options:
A Schizosaccharomyces octosporus
B Saccharomyces cerevisae
C Saccharomyces ellipsiodeus
D Both (B) and (C)

The correct answer is:
Saccharomyces cerevisae

Solution:
Saccharomyces cerevisae under anaerobic condition converts sugary solution into alcohols. The enzyme zymase is responsible for this conversion. Saccharomyces cerevisae also used in bread making.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
The principle of competitive exclusion was given by

Options:
A Lindeman
B Bates
C Gause
D Grinnel

The correct answer is:
Gause

Solution:
Different species in the environment interact with each other. These interactions can be beneficial, detrimental or neutral. The different population interactions seen are parasitism, competition, mutualism, commensalism, etc. In an environment where the resources are limited and if there are two closely related species competing for the same resource then the competitively inferior species will be eliminated eventually. This is known as Gause's Competitive Exclusion Principle

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
The principle of competitive exclusion was stated by

Options:
A C. Darwin
B G. F. Gause
C MacArthur
D Verhulst and Pearl

The correct answer is:
G. F. Gause

Solution:
Competitive exclusion (By Gause): It states that two closely related species competing for the same resources cannot co-exist indefinitely and the competitively inferior one will be eventually eliminated.

Gause original experiment with ciliates, which is a classic example of this. Paramecium caudatum and Paramecium aurelia, two closely related ciliate protozoans, when grown in separate cultures exhibited typical sigmoid population growth. When both protozoans were placed in the same culture, P. aurelia alone survived after 16 days because it had a more rapid growth rate and thus out-competed P. caudatum for the limited amount of food.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 2)
The principle of conservation of energy implies that

Options:
A the total mechanical energy is conserved
B the total kinetic energy is conserved
C the total potential energy is conserved
D the sum of all types of energies is conserved

The correct answer is:
the sum of all types of energies is conserved

Solution:
The principle of conservation of energy implies that energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another. Therefore the sum of all types of energies is conserved.

Topic: Physics, Work Power Energy, NEET
The probability of finding out an electron at a point within an atom is proportional to the

Options:
A square of the orbital wave function i.e., ψ2
B orbital wave function i.e., ψ
C Hamiltonian operator i.e., H
D principal quantum number i.e., n

The correct answer is:
square of the orbital wave function i.e., ψ2

Solution:
ψ2 is known as probability density and is always positive. From the value of ψ2 at different points within an atom it is possible to predict the region around the nucleus where electron will most probably be found.

Topic: Chemistry, Structure of Atom, NEET
The probability of finding the electron in the orbital is

Options:
A 100%
B 90-95%
C 70-80%
D 50-60%

The correct answer is:
90-95%

Solution:
The probability of finding the electrons in the orbital is 90-95%.

Topic: Chemistry, Structure of Atom, NEET
The procedure through which a piece of DNA is introduced in a host bacterium is

Options:
A gene cloning.
B creation of recombinant DNA.
C transformation.
D transfection.

The correct answer is:
transformation.

Solution:
DNA cannot pass through cell membrane as it is a hydrophilic molecule. The bacterial cell is made competent to take up DNA by treating them with a cation like calcium. This increases the efficiency of the DNA entering the bacterial cell through pores in its cell wall. This process through which a piece of DNA is introduced into the host bacteria is called transformation.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
The process by which hydrophilic molecule move across the membrane by proteins is known as

Options:
A osmosis
B facilitated diffusion
C active transport
D plasmolysis

The correct answer is:
facilitated diffusion

Solution:
The membrane proteins do not set up a concentration gradient; a concentration gradient must already be present for a molecule to diffuse even if facilitated by the proteins. This process is called facilitated diffusion

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
The process by which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to a common environmental challenge, is called

Options:
A natural selection
B convergent evolution
C non-random evolution
D adaptive radiation

The correct answer is:
convergent evolution

Solution:
Convergent evolution occurs in unrelated group of organisms. It is the development of similar functional structures but in unrelated groups.
The process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and literally radiating to other areas of geography is called adaptive radiation. Natural selection is the basis of evolution.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)
The process by which substances are transported over a long distance in plants through the vascular system is called:

Options:
A Transfusion
B Translocation
C Osmosis
D Diffusion

The correct answer is:
Translocation

Solution:
Over small distances substances move by diffusion and by cytoplasmic streaming supplemented by active transport .transport over longer distances proceeds through the vascular system (the xylem and phloem) is called translocation.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
The process in which the fitness of one species (measured in terms of 'r') is significantly lower in the presence of another species, is called

Options:
A predation
B parasitism
C commensalism
D competition

The correct answer is:
competition

Solution:
Competition is an interaction in which the ﬁtness of one species is signiﬁcantly lowers in the presence of another species. Competition is best deﬁned as a process in which the ﬁtness of one species (measured in term of its 'r' the intrinsic rate of increase) is signiﬁcantly lower in the presence of another species. In Predation One organism feed on any other organism. In Parasitism one organism depend on other organism for food and shelter. In Commensalism one member is benefitted while other member is neither benefitted nor in loss.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
The __________ process is crucial to the success of the breeding program.

Options:
A release
B testing
C selection
D hybridization

The correct answer is:
selection

Solution:
The selection process is crucial to the success of the breeding objective and requires careful scientific evaluation of the progeny.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
The process of ammonolysis follows which mechanism?

Options:
A Electrophilic Substitution
B Electrophilic Addition
C Nucleophilic Substitution
D Nucleophilic Addition

The correct answer is:
Nucleophilic Substitution

Solution:
An alkyl or benzyl halide on reaction with an ethanolic solution ofammonia undergoes nucleophilic substitution reaction in which thehalogen atom is replaced by an amino (–NH2) group.

Topic: Chemistry, Amines, NEET
The process of appearance of recombination nodules occurs at which sub stage of prophase I in meiosis?

Options:
A Diakinesis
B Pachytene
C Zygotene
D Diplotene

The correct answer is:
Pachytene

Solution:
Recombination nodules are the regions where the process of crossing over occurs between the non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. These are formed just before crossing over in the pachytene stage of prophase I.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET, NEET 2023 (All India)
The process of combining metals present in their native ores with mercury to form an alloy is called

Options:
A alloying
B galvanisation
C amalgamation
D crystallisation

The correct answer is:
amalgamation

Solution:
The alloy of metal with mercury is known as amalgam and the process of formation of an amalgam is called amalgamation.

Topic: Chemistry, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals, NEET
The process of conversion of organic nitrogen from dead material to ammonia is known as

Options:
A Nitrification
B Decomposition
C Denitrification
D Ammonification

The correct answer is:
Ammonification

Solution:
Ammonification is the process by which the organically bound nitrogen of microbial, plant, and animal biomass is recycled after their death. Ammonification is carried out by a diverse array of microorganisms that perform ecological decay services and its product is ammonia or ammonium ion

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET
The process of degradation of humus and release of inorganic nutrients by microbes is called

Options:
A fragmentation
B leaching
C mineralization
D humification

The correct answer is:
mineralization

Solution:
Humus is a dark coloured substance, resistant to microbial action. When it degrades, inorganic nutrients are released. This is called mineralization.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
The process of development of pollen mother cell into a mature pollen grain includes:

Options:
A Grain genesis
B Microsporogenesis
C Pollen genesis
D Sporogenesis

The correct answer is:
Microsporogenesis

Solution:
1. Every cell of the sporogenous tissue is a potential pollen mother cell (PMC) and can give rise to microspore tetrad/pollen grains.
2. But some of them for go this potential and other becomes differentiated into the pollen mother cell or microspore mother cells.
3. Each microspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to form a cluster of four haploid cells, called microspore tetrad. The process is called microsporogenesis.
4. As the anther matures, the microspores dissociate from the tetrad and develop into pollen grains.
5. The nucleus of microspore undergoes into mitosis to form a large vegetative cell and a small spindle shaped generative cell that floats in the cytoplasm of the vegetative cell.
6. They develop two layered wall, the outer exine made of sporopollenin and the inner intine, made of cellulose and pectin.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
The process of development of the more than one embryo in seeds of citrus fruits is called

Options:
A Apospory
B Polyembryony
C Apogamy
D Vegetative reproduction

The correct answer is:
Polyembryony

Solution:
More often, as in many citrus and mango varieties some of the nucellar cells surrounding the embryo sac start dividing, protrude into the embryo sac, and develop into the embryos. In such species each ovule contains many embryos. Occurrence of more
than one embryo in a seed is referred to as polyembryony.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
The process of double fertilization is the

Options:
A Fusion of two male gametes with one egg
B Fusion of one male gamete with two polar nuclei
C Fusion of two male gametes for pollen tube with two different eggs
D Syngamy and triple fusion

The correct answer is:
Syngamy and triple fusion

Solution:
Double fertilization is a phenomenon unique to angiosperms. Each pollen grain produces two sperm; Of the two sperm cells, one sperm fertilizes the egg cell, forming a diploid zygote (syngamy); the other sperm fuses with the two polar nuclei, forming a triploid cell that develops into the endosperm (triple fusion) Together, these two fertilization events in angiosperms are known as double fertilization.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2018
The process of exchange of ......A.....from the atmosphere with CO2 produced by the cells is called .........B........., commonly known as........... C........... . Choose the alternative that will correctly replace A, B and C in the above statement and make it meaningful.

Options:
A A- N2 , B- ventilation, C - respiration
B A- NO2 , B- breathing, C - combustion
C A- O2 , B-breathing, C-respiration
D A-water vapour, B-ventilation, C - combustion

The correct answer is:
A- O2 , B-breathing, C-respiration

Solution:
Oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is given out during the breathing process for respiring that is to break down glucose for obtaining ATP.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
The process of extracting the metal by heating the metal oxide with a suitable reducing agent is called

Options:
A

Pyrometallurgy

B

electrolysis

C

Both of these

D

None of these

The correct answer is:

Pyrometallurgy

Solution:
Pyrometallurgy: The process of extracting the metal by heating the metal oxide with a suitable reducing agent is called pyrometallurgy. The most important operations are roasting, smelting and refining

Topic: Chemistry, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals, NEET
The process of exudation of liquid drops from the edges of leaves is

Options:
A Transpiration
B Guttation
C Osmosis
D Plasmolysis

The correct answer is:
Guttation

Solution:
The process of exudation of liquid drops from the edges of leaves is called guttation. In other words the process of the escape of liquid from the tip of uninjured leaf is called guttation.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET