datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Read the given statements about enzymes. Determine the statement/s that ensure/s the specificity of an enzyme for the substrate.

I. The bonding between R groups of amino acids of the polypeptide

II. The optimum pH of the enzyme

III. The peptide bonds between amino acids of the polypeptide

IV. The shape of the substrate molecule

Options:
A I, II, III and IV
B I and III only
C I only
D II, III and IV only

The correct answer is:
I only

Solution:
The enzyme is generally made of proteins and proteins are made of amino acids. The amino acids have R as a functional group whose variation results in formation of different amino acids. Due to the R group, the bonding of the polypeptide chain in enzyme will differ resulting in formation of various folds and bends in its tertiary structure enabling the making of substrate binding site which is highly specific.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Read the given statements about lichens and select the INCORRECT ones.

(i) It represents an example of commensalism.
(ii) Algal partner obtains water and mineral salts from the fungus and the fungal partner obtains food prepared by the alga.
(iii) These do not grow in polluted areas.
(iv) The mycobiont is usually an Ascomycetes or a Basidiomycetes.
(v) The phycobiont is mostly a green alga.
(vi) These constitute the pioneer community in case of hydrosere.

Options:
A (i) and (ii)
B (v) and (vi)
C (i) and (vi)
D (i), (v) and (vi)

The correct answer is:
(i) and (vi)

Solution:
Lichens are made up of two different organisms living together are algae and a fungus in which algae supply organic food for the fungi and fungi protects algae from light and drought. So in this way, both partners are mutually benefited and they show symbiosis. It represents an example of mutualism and Lichens are sensitive to oxide of sulphur and thus are indicators of pollution so they do not grow near a smoky polluted industrial area. Mycobiont in Lichens is usually belongs to Ascomycetes or Basidiomycetes or Deuteromycetes while the phycobiont belongs to Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Phaeophyceae. Lichens constitute the pioneer community in Lithosere, not hydrosere.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Read the given statements about the blood vascular system of cockroach.

I. The circulatory system of cockroach is of closed type
II. It contains no blood vessels except aorta of the heart.
III. The heart is 6-chambered.
IV. The haemolymph is composed of colourless plasma and haemocytes.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are INCORRECT?

Options:
A only I
B I,II and III
C I and III
D only IV

The correct answer is:
I and III

Solution:
Cockroaches belong to Phylum Arthropods. These show open type of circulation as proper system of blood vessels and heart is not seen. Circulation is through open sinuses. Only one blood vessel is seen i.e. Aorta in the head region. Heart in cockroaches are on the dorsal side and consists of 13 chambers. The circulatory fluid is haemolymph that consists of colourless plasma and haemocytes.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Read the given statements about the human reproductive system.

A. The uterus is an inverted pear-shaped organ.
B. Each testis possesses 150 testicular tubules.
C. Mammary tubules open into the mammary ducts.

How many of the given statements are incorrect?

Options:
A None
B One
C Two
D Three

The correct answer is:
One

Solution:
Testicular lobules: There are about 250 compartments in each testis. Each lobule has 1 to 3 highly coiled structures called seminiferous tubules, in which spermatogenesis takes place.
Uterus: The uterus is single and it is also called womb. The shape of the uterus is like an inverted pear. It is supported by ligaments attached to the pelvic wall. The uterus opens into vagina through a narrow cervix. The wall of the uterus has three layers of tissue. The external thin membranous perimetrium, middle thick layer of smooth muscle, myometrium and inner glandular layer called endometrium that lines the uterine cavity.
Mammary tubules: The glandular tissue of each breast is divided into 15-20 mammary lobes containing clusters of cells called alveoli. The cells of alveoli secrete milk, which is stored in the cavities (lumens) of alveoli. The alveoli open into mammary tubules. The tubules of each lobe join to form a mammary duct. Several mammary ducts join to form a wider mammary ampulla which is connected to lactiferous duct through which milk is sucked out.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Read the given statements and select the CORRECT one.

Options:
A DNA is preferred genetic material over proteins because amino acids in proteins cannot be arranged variously to form long chains.
B In microsatellite DNA, repetitive nucleotide sequence of 10-15 bp units are flanked by restriction sites.
C RNA renaturation after melting is slow than DNA renaturation
D Noncoding DNA sequences code for tRNA and rRNA.

The correct answer is:
Noncoding DNA sequences code for tRNA and rRNA.

Solution:
Part of DNA sequence which does not code for any protein is called non-coding DNA. It corresponds to almost 98% of total human genomic DNA. Non coding DNA comprises of introns, intergenic DNA. They also act as regulatory elements in form of Promoters, Enahncer, Silencers, etc. However, some non coding DNA can be transcribed into transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA as well as regulatory RNA.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Read the given statements carefully and identify the wrong one.

Options:
A All plants have PGA as the first product of CO2 fixation.
B Within the chloroplast, protons in the stroma decrease in number, while in the lumen of thylakoid, there is accumulation of protons.
C Stroma lamellae membranes lack PS-II as well as NADP reductase enzyme.
D Carotenoids protect chlorophyll a from photo-oxidation.

The correct answer is:
All plants have PGA as the first product of CO2 fixation.

Solution:
PGA as the first product of carbon dioxide fixation is found only in C3 plants. It C4 plants it is oxaloacetic acid. Within the chloroplast, protons in the stroma decrease in number, while in the lumen of thylakoid, there is an accumulation of protons. Stroma lamellae membranes lack PS-II as well as NADP reductase enzyme. Carotenoids protect chlorophyll a from photo-oxidation.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Read the given statements for skeletal muscle

(i) Thin filaments are firmly attached to the Z-line.
(ii) The light band is also called the I-band and contains mostly actin.
(iii) A sarcomere is the functional unit of a myofibril between two adjacent A-bands.
(iv) The central part of the thick filament, not overlapped by the thin filament is called the H-zone.

Which of these is/are CORRECT?

Options:
A i, ii, iii, iv
B i, ii, iii
C i, ii, iv
D i, ii

The correct answer is:
i, ii, iv

Solution:
Skeletal muscles are also known as striated muscles and are under our control. These muscles have thin and thick filaments known as monofilaments or myofibrils whose functional unit is the sarcomere between the two Z-lines. There is the presence of alternate light and dark band s on the myofibrils. The striated appearance of these muscles is due to the presence of two proteins- actin and myosin. The light band or the Isotropic band has actin in it. In the centre of each light band is a fibre which bisects it, called the Z- line. The thin filaments are found to be attached firmly to this line. The H-zone is the central part of the thick filament.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
Read the given statements.

(i) A motor neuron along with the muscle fibers connected to it constitutes a neuromuscular junction.

(ii) During muscle relaxation, Ca++ are pumped back from sarcoplasm to the cisternae.

(iii) Aerobic muscles have a large number of mitochondria to utilize a large amount of oxygen for generation of ATP.

(iv) Red muscles have high myoglobin content.

Which of these is/are INCORRECT?

Options:
A i only
B i, ii, iv
C iii, iv
D None of these

The correct answer is:
i only

Solution:
Muscles are specialized tissues found in animals which have properties like excitability, contractibility. Muscles contract is initiated by CNS through motor neuron signalling. The motor neuron and muscle firbre connect and form a motor unit for movement. The junction between the sarcolemma (membrane) of muscle and the motor neuron is called as neuromuscular junction. The muscles after contraction, relax where the Calcium ions are pumped into the cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum from the sarcoplasm. Muscles contain oxygen carrying red colour protein called myoglobin similar to haemoglobin. Muscles having higher content of myoglobin appear red in colour and are called red muscles. Muscles with lower concentration of myoglobin are called white muscles. Muscles contain large number of mitochondria to utilize the high amount of oxygen stored and provide high concentration of ATP as energy. Hence, such muscles are also referred as aerobic muscles.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
Read the given statements.

(i) Mg2+ is an activator for ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase.
(ii) Micronutrients are required in large quantities.
(iii) Zn2+ is an activator of alcohol dehydrogenase
(iv) Phosphorous is a central metal ion of the chlorophyll molecule.

Identify the true and false statements.

Options:
A (i)- True (ii)- False (iii)- False (iv)- True
B (i)- True (ii)- True (iii)- False (iv)- False
C (i)- True (ii)- False (iii)- True (iv)- False
D (i)- True (ii)- False (iii)- True (iv)- True

The correct answer is:
(i)- True (ii)- False (iii)- True (iv)- False

Solution:
Mg2+ is an activator for ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase. Zn2+ is an activator of alcohol dehydrogenase. Micronutrients are required in small quantities. Magnesium is the central metal ion of the chlorophyll molecule.

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET
Read the given statements regarding immunization and select the option that identifies the correct ones.

I. The principle of vaccination is based on the memory of the immune system.
II. The antibodies produced in the body against antigens neutralise the pathogenic agents before the actual infection.
III. Hepatitis B vaccine is prepared by using a virus in recombinant DNA technology.
IV. Antibodies are given directly in case of infection with deadly microbes to elicit a quick immune response.

Options:
A I and III
B II, III and IV
C I, II and III
D I and IV

The correct answer is:
I and IV

Solution:
II. The antibodies produced in the body against antigens neutralise the pathogenic agents during the initial infection itself and prevent further infection.
III. Hepatitis B vaccine is prepared by using yeast through recombinant DNA technology.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Read the given statements that describe an infectious particle.

(i) It was discovered by T.O. Diener and was found to be smaller than viruses.
(ii) It causes potato spindle tuber disease.
(iii) It is a free RNA particle which lacks the protein coat.
(iv) It has low molecular weight RNA as genetic material.

Which of the following organism is characterized by the above characteristics?

Options:
A Virion
B Viroid
C Prion
D Bacteriophage

The correct answer is:
Viroid

Solution:
Viroids are small, circular RNA molecules without a protein coat, and they consist only of nucleic acid( RNA). They require other helper viruses to establish an infection. The smallest viroid identified is small cytoplasmic RNA. It causes potato spindle tuber disease and they are smaller than viruses.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Read the given table stating some features of molecules X and Y.

X	Y

I.	Accounts for about 5% of total RNA in cell.	Accounts for about 80% of RNA in cell

II.	It is linear but never coiled	It is linear and highly coiled

III.	It is short lived and degrades easily	It is most stable and does not degrade easily

Here, the X and Y can be identified as

Options:
A X â rRNA, Y â tRNA
B XÂ âÂ mRNA,Â YÂ âÂ tRNA
C X â mRNA, Y â rRNA
D XÂ âÂ tRNA,Â YÂ âÂ tRNA

The correct answer is:
X â mRNA, Y â rRNA

Solution:
mRNA is the messenger RNA that contains the codes for proteins. It is linear and comprises 5% of the total RNA. mRNA is translated into polypeptide and after translation, it is degraded.
rRNA is the ribosomal RNA which accounts for about 80% of the total cellular RNA and is found in the ribosome. It is coiled and very stable.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Read the statement and choose the CORRECT option.

(i) Secretion of interferons is a physiological barrier of innate immunity.
(ii) T-lymphocytes are responsible for cell-mediated immunity.
(iii) Injection given against snake venom is a type of active immunization.
(iv) Antibodies produced during allergies reactions are of IgA type.

Options:
A i and ii are correct
B ii and iv alone are correct
C iii alone is correct
D ii alone is correct

The correct answer is:
ii alone is correct

Solution:
(i) Secretion of interferons is a cytokine barrier of innate immunity. Interferons are proteins secreted by the virus-infected cells, which prevent the non-infected cells, from getting the infection.
(ii) T-lymphocytes are responsible for providing cell-mediated immunity. They do it through the synthesis of substances like cytokines.
(iii) Injection given against snake venom is a type of passive immunization. It contains preformed antibodies against the snake venom in it.
(iv) Antibodies which are produced during allergic reactions are of IgE type.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Read the statement carefully and mark the correct option.

a. Most of the aquatic plants are pollinated by either insects or air.

b. Vallisneria is dioecious and pollinates underwater.

c. In artificial hybridization, the female flower of castor does not require emasculation.

Options:
A All statements are correct
B Only (b) is incorrect
C Both (b) and (c) are incorrect
D (a) and (b) are correct

The correct answer is:
Only (b) is incorrect

Solution:
Vallisneria is a submerged aquatic plant. Pollination in this plant is epihydrophilous. The pollination is achieved with the help of water. The male flowers are released from the staminate flowers and reach the water surface and expose the stamens. A single large female flower develops underwater and comes to the surface through the elongation of its peduncle. The male flowers that are dispersed aggregates around a female flower and pollination happen with contact between a stamen and the stigma. After pollination, the peduncle of the female flower coils up tightly and gets retracted underwater.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the statements (A – D).

A. Suture joint is a type of fibrous joint between cranial bones.
B. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder.
C. Tetany results in rapid spasms or wild contractions in nerve.
D. Accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints occurs in gout.

How many of the above statements are false?

Options:
A None
B One
C Two
D Three.

The correct answer is:
One

Solution:
Only statement C is incorrect.
Tetany: Low Ca++ ions in blood → Rapid spasms (wild contractions) in muscle.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
Read the statements A â D .

P. Sesamoid joint is a type of fibrous joint between cranial bones.

Q. IDDM is an auto immune disorder.

R. Tetany is characterized by rapid spasms in nerve.

How many of the above statements are false?

Options:
A None
B One
C Two
D Three

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
Sesamoid bones are small, round bones that are embedded in tendons. These bones are commonly found in the tendons of the hands, knees, and feet, for example, patella is a sesamoid bone. Fibrous joints are present between the cranial bones.
Tetany is caused due to the involuntary contraction of muscles, which may be caused by disease or other conditions that increase the action potential frequency of muscle cells or the nerves that innervate them. Tetany is characterized by contraction of distal muscles of the hands and feet, is associated with tingling around the mouth and distally in the limbs. The usual cause of tetany is lack of calcium. An excess of phosphate (high phosphate-to-calcium ratio) can also trigger the spasms.
.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
Read the statements:

A. Dura mater is a thick inner meninge.

B. The medulla is an important center for both respiration and circulation.

C. Cyton possesses Nissl's granules but these are absent in dendrites.

How many of the given statements are correct?

Options:
A None
B One
C Two
D All

The correct answer is:
One

Solution:
Only statement B is correct.
A. Dura mater is a thick outer meninge.
C. Nissl's granules are found in cell body and dendrites both.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Read the statements (A - E) and answer the question following them.

A - Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto-immune disease.
B - During allergy, IgA type antibodies increase in plasma.
C - Injection given to patients of snakebite, possess antibiotics.
D - Humoral immunity is because of B-cells.
E - Interferons are an example of a cytokine barrier.

Identify the number of true statements?

Options:
A One
B Two
C Three
D Four.

The correct answer is:
Three

Solution:
A, D and E are true statements
B - During allergy, IgE type antibodies increase in plasma.
C - Injection given to patients of snakebite, possess antibodies.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Read the statements:

a Movement resulting in a change of place is locomotion

b Locomotion is in an involuntary movement.

c Locomotion is generally for the search of shelter and food.

d Methods of locomotion performed by animals vary with their habitats.

Find out the WRONG statements.

Options:
A only a
B only b
C only a and b
D c & d

The correct answer is:
only b

Solution:
Locomotion and Movement are performed by muscles and joints in our body. Movement means only a part of our body moves without changing the place of the body. Example: Raising our upper limb, moving or wrist etc. Locomotion is movement resulting in change of place. Example: Walking, Running etc. Locomotion is with the help of skeletal muscles and thus is voluntary.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
Read the statements below and identify the one that will not help in increasing the efficiency of gaseous exchange in the alveoli.

Options:
A The blood capillaries and alveoli have a large total surface area.
B The blood flow is slowed as it passes through the pulmonary capillaries.
C The thickness of the respiratory membrane is increased.
D The walls of the alveoli and capillaries are very thin

The correct answer is:
The thickness of the respiratory membrane is increased.

Solution:
The human respiratory system has a very high number of alveoli to maximize exchange rate of gases. Small size and high count increases the surface area for better exchange of gases. The exchange site (alveoli and capillary) consists of thin layer (single layer of cells) to provide short distance for smooth diffusion. For keeping high gradient, the blood reaching the exchange site is very low in O2 level and air taken in has very high concentration of O2 comparatively enabling better diffusion. Blood flow within the pulmonary system is on the lower side to enable better gas exchange. If blood flow is high it will reduce the contact time for RBC to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen. Increase in thickness of the respiratory membrane decreases the efficiency of gas exchange.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Read the statements given below and identify the suitable option:

(i) Eye of octopus and mammals are homologous.

(ii) Sweet potato and potato are analogous.

(iii) Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita are homologus.

Options:
A (i) is true and (ii) is false
B (ii) is true and (iii) is false
C (i) and (ii) both are true
D (i) is false and (ii) and (iii) are true

The correct answer is:
(i) is false and (ii) and (iii) are true

Solution:
Homologous organs are those organs which have the same basic structure (or same basic design) but different functions. Hence, they have common ancestor or origin. Analogous organs are defined as the organs of different animals that are having different structure but perform the same functions.
Eyes of octopus and mammals are an example of convergent evolution because they both have different anatomical structures of eyes but perform the same function and hence having similarity.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Read the statements given below and select the correct option.

Options:
A Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is responsible for increasing the blood pressure.
B Gastrin stimulates the secretion of HCl and trypsinogen.
C Erythropoietin is produced by Juxta-Glomerular cells of the kidney.
D CCK acts only on the gall bladder.

The correct answer is:
Erythropoietin is produced by Juxta-Glomerular cells of the kidney.

Solution:
I. Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a hormone secreted by the atrial wall of the heart. It is responsible for decreasing blood pressure.
II. Gastrin acts on the gastric glands and stimulates the secretion of HCl and pepsinogen.
III. Erythropoietin is produced by juxta glomerular cells of the kidney. It stimulates erythropoiesis.
IV. Cholecystokinin (CCK) acts on the pancreas and gallbladder and stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile juice respectively.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Read the statements given below:
(i) The first movements of the foetus and appearance of hair on the head are usually observed during 5th months of pregnancy.
(ii) The structural and functional unit between developing embryo and the maternal body is called the umbilical cord.
(iii) At puberty, in female both ovaries contain about 60,000 – 80,000 primary follicles.

Choose the correct statement from the above.

Options:
A i,ii, and iii
B i and ii
C ii and ii
D only i

The correct answer is:
only i

Solution:
The structural and functional unit between developing embryo and maternal body is called placenta which is connected to the embryo through an umbilical cord.
At puberty, in female each ovary contain about 60,000 – 80,000 primary follicles.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Read the statements given below :

(i) The first movements of the foetus are usually observed during 7th months of pregnancy.

(ii) Umbilical cord possess 100 percent foetal blood.

(iii) At puberty, in female each ovary contain about 60,000 - 80,000 primary follicles.

Choose the correct statement from the above

Options:
A i, ii, and iii
B i and ii
C iii only
D i only

The correct answer is:
iii only

Solution:
The baby movement called 'quickening', is sensed around 18-20 weeks of pregnancy. Umbilical cord possess 50% of foetal blood and 50% of maternal blood. The umbilical cord is a tube that connects the mother and the baby during pregnancy, with three blood vessels-one vein that carries food and oxygen in the maternal body from the placenta to the baby and two arteries that carry waste from the fetus/baby back to the placenta. The primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of granulosa cells to form primary follicle and large number of these follicles degenerates during from birth to puberty. Hence, at the time of puberty only 60,000-80,000 are left in each ovary.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET