datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Read the following statements about biodiversity and state the one which is false.

Options:
A Western Ghats have a greater amphibian species diversity than the Eastern Ghats
B Alpine meadows has a greater ecosystem diversity than a Scandinavian country like Norway
C Among animals, insects are the most species-rich taxonomic group
D New York has more bird species than Columbia

The correct answer is:
New York has more bird species than Columbia

Solution:
Species diversity decreases as we move away from the equator towards the poles. Colombia located near the equator has nearly 1,400 species of birds, whereas New York at 41° N has 105 species.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Read the following statements about cancer. Identify the true and false ones and select the correct option.

A. Cancer cells lose the property of contact inhibition
B. The property of metastasis is mostly found in benign tumors.
C. The transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells occurs only because of chemical agents.
D. The chemical carcinogen present in tobacco smoke is a major cause of lung cancer.

Options:
A A-True, B-False, C-False, D-True
B A-False, B-True, C-True, D-False
C A-True, B-False, C-True, D-False
D A-False, B-True, C-False, D-True

The correct answer is:
A-True, B-False, C-False, D-True

Solution:
Metastasis is a property shown by malignant tumors. It is the property by virtue of which they grow very rapidly and invade the surrounding tissues. Transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells can occur because of physical, biological or chemical agents called carcinogens.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Read the following statements about enzymes. Which among them are correct?

I. The mechanism by which enzymes work is known as lock and key.
II. They denature at high temperatures.
III. They are mostly proteins having a tertiary structure.
IV. They may be assisted by vitamins and minerals.

Options:
A I, II and III only
B I, II, III and IV
C II and IV only
D I, II and IV only

The correct answer is:
I, II, III and IV

Solution:
Enzymes are a group of biomolecules which act as bio-catalyst, speeding up the reaction. These are made up of proteins. When such proteins encounter high temperature, it causes certain bonds to break in the structure, resulting in conformational change (denaturation). This denaturation makes the enzyme inactive and useless as catalyst. For an enzyme to be active, it may need support of non-protein constituents called cofactors, which bind to it, thus, making it catalytically active. These can be organic compounds, vitamins or mineral ions. The working of an enzyme binding to a single substrate was explained using a lock and key analogy given by Emil Fischer. In this analogy, the lock is the enzyme and the key is the substrate; on binding of substrate, the enzyme unlocks and changes the substrate to product. Also, this model explains the specificity of an enzyme as there is only one type of key to open the lock.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Read the following statements about evolution:

A. Homology is based on convergent evolution whereas analogy refers to a situation exactly opposite.
B. Industrial melanism in England is one of the best examples of comparative anatomy.
C. Disturbance in genetic equilibrium in a population indicates the evolution have occurred.

Options:
A A, B and C are true
B A, B and C are false
C B and C are true; A is false
D A and B are false; C is true

The correct answer is:
A and B are false; C is true

Solution:
Homology is based on divergent evolution whereas analogy refers to a situation exactly opposite. Industrial melanism in England is one of the best example of directional or progressive natural selection.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Read the following statements about female external genitalia. Which of the following statements are incorrect?

I. Labia minora are thick fleshy folds of tissue that extend down from mons pubis and surround the vaginal opening.
II. Mons pubis is the cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair.
III. The absence of a hymen is a reliable indicator of sexual experience or virginity.
IV. The clitoris is a tiny finger-like structure that lies above the urethral opening.

Options:
A I, II and III
B I and III
C II, III and IV
D II and IV

The correct answer is:
I and III

Solution:
I. Labia majora are fleshy folds of tissue that extend down from mons pubis and surround the vaginal opening. Labia minora are paired folds of tissue present under labia majora.
III. Although the hymen is usually broken during the first sexual intercourse, it may also break as a result of a sudden fall, insertion of a vaginal tampon, active participation in sports, cycling, etc. Hence, the absence of a hymen is not a reliable indicator of sexual experience or virginity.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Read the following statements about genetically engineered plants. Select the ones that are advantageous.

I. The increased yield from genetically engineered plants allows a smaller area of land to be farmed.
II. Genetically engineered plants may have improved nutritional value.
III. Some plants can be genetically modified to give resistance to diseases.
IV. There is more research needed on the long term effects of genetically engineered crops on the environment.
V. The use of genetically engineered crops may explain the increase in allergies in children.

Options:
A I, II and III only
B III, IV and V only
C II, III and IV only
D I, IV and V only

The correct answer is:
I, II and III only

Solution:
Genetically modified plants have been useful in many ways. Genetic modification has made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses, reduced reliance on chemical pesticides, helped to reduce post-harvest losses and increase yield. Also, enhanced nutritional value of food.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Read the following statements about golden algae and select the one which is false.

Options:
A Golden algae are chrysophytes
B They belong to Plantae
C They include desmids
D They have autotrophic mode of nutrition

The correct answer is:
They belong to Plantae

Solution:
Chrysophytes include diatoms and golden algae (desmids). They are found in freshwater as well as in marine environments. They are unicellular and eukaryotic and are included kingdom Protista. They are photosynthetic and can produce their own food.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Read the following statements about hindbrain. Identify whether they are true or false and select the correct option after referring to the given table.

A. The hindbrain consists of pons, cerebellum, and medulla.
B. The surface of the cerebellum is extremely convoluted.
C. The medulla consists of fibres that interconnect different regions of the brain.
D. Pons consists of centers that control respiration, gastric secretions, etc.

Options:
A A: True, B: False, C: True, D: False
B A: True, B: False, C: False, D: True
C A: True, B: True, C: False, D: False
D A: False, B: True, C: False, D: True

The correct answer is:
A: True, B: True, C: False, D: False

Solution:
The hindbrain consists of pons, cerebellum, and medulla. The surface of the cerebellum is extremely convoluted to produce additional space for neurons. Pons consists of fibres which interconnect different regions of the brain. The medulla consists of centers which control respiration, gastric secretions, etc.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Read the following statements about human evolution:

I. The skull of baby human is more like an adult chimpanzee skull than an adult human skull.
II. About two mya, Australopithecus probably lived in East African grassland.
III. The Neanderthal man with a brain size of 1400cc lived in the near east and central Africa between 1,00,000-40,000 years back.
IV. Pre-historic cave art developed about 10,000 years ago.

How many statements is/are correct?

Options:
A Four
B Three
C Two
D One

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
Statements II and III are correct. I and IV are wrong.
The skull of a baby chimpanzee is more like an adult human skull than an adult chimpanzee skull.
Pre-historic cave art developed about 18,000 years ago. Agriculture came around 10,000 years back and human settlements started.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Read the following statements about human reproduction:

I. A tertiary follicle is characterized by the presence of a fluid-filled cavity called the antrum.

II. The labia minora are fleshy folds of tissue, extend down the mons pubis, and surround the vaginal orifice.

III. Most of the major organ system of the fetus is formed by the end of the second month of pregnancy.

IV. The mammary glands of the female start producing milk during pregnancy.

How many statements are incorrect from the above?

Options:
A One
B Two
C Three
D Four

The correct answer is:
Three

Solution:
A tertiary follicle is characterized by the presence of a fluid-filled cavity called the antrum. The labia majora are fleshy folds of tissue, extend down the mons pubis, and surround the vaginal orifice. Most of the major organ systems of the fetus are formed by the end of 12 weeks of pregnancy. The mammary glands of the female starts producing milk during pregnancy.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Read the following statements about morphine and select the option :

I. It is opioid drugs which binds to specific opioid receptors present in our brain and gastrointestinal tract.

II. The chemical diacetylmorphine is called smack or heroine.

III. Heroine is obtained by acetylation of morphine, extracted from the latex of Cannabis sativa plant.

IV. Heroin is a central nervous system stimulant and causes hallucination.

Options:
A I, II and III are correct
B I, II and IV are correct
C II and III are incorrect
D III and IV are incorrect

The correct answer is:
III and IV are incorrect

Solution:
The heroine is commonly called smack is chemically diacetylmorphine and is obtained by acetylation of morphine. It is extracted from the latex of poppy or opium plant called Papaver somniferum plant. Opiate narcotics are drugs that suppress brain activity and relieve pain. They are called pain killers.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Read the following statements about respiratory system of humans:

I. Type II alveoli help in secretion of a chemical surfactant called lecithin, which decreases the surface tension around alveoli.
II. The diffusion membrane for exchange of gases is made up of three major cellular layers.
III. Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin is primarily related to the partial pressure of O2.
IV. Every 100 ml of oxygenated blood can deliver around 5 ml CO2 to the tissues under normal physiological conditions.

How many statements is/are correct from the above?

Options:
A Two
B Three
C Four
D One

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
The diffusion membrane for exchange of gases is made up of three major layers: the thin squamous epithelium of alveoli, the endothelium of alveolar capillaries and the non-cellular basement membrane between them (so only two cellular layers).

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Read the following statements about the cockroach and select the option:

I. Forewings (mesothoracic) called tegmina are opaque dark and leathery and cover the hind wings.
II. Head is formed by the fusion of eight segments and shows little mobility.
III. Genital pouch in male is formed by 9th and 10th terga and 9th sternum.

Options:
A I, II and III are correct
B II and III are incorrect
C Only I is correct
D Only II is incorrect

The correct answer is:
Only II is incorrect

Solution:
Head is triangular in shape and lies anteriorly at right angles to the longitudinal body axis. It is formed by the fusion of six segments and shows great mobility in all directions due to flexible neck.
The first pair of wings arises from mesothorax and the second pair from metathorax. Forewings (mesothoracic) called tegmina are opaque dark and leathery and cover the hind wings when at rest. The hind wings are transparent, membranous and are used in flight.
In males, genital pouch or chamber lies at the hind end of abdomen bounded dorsally by 9th and 10th terga and ventrally by the 9th sternum.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Read the following statements about the evolution of man and choose the option which correctly states true (T) or false (F):

A. The first human-like being the hominid was called Homo erectus with cranial capacities between 650-800 cc.
B. The cranial capacity of modern man is closer and similar to Neanderthal man.
C. During ice age 1,00,00-40,000 years ago, modern Homo sapiens arose.
D. The skull of an adult chimpanzee is more like a baby human skull.

Options:
A A-T;Â B-T;Â C-T;Â D-F
B A-T;Â B-F;Â C-T;Â D-F
C A-F; B-T; C-F; D-F
D A-F;Â B-T;Â C-T;Â D-F

The correct answer is:
A-F; B-T; C-F; D-F

Solution:
The first human-like being the hominid was called Homo habilis with cranial capacities between 650-800cc. Cranial capacity of modern man is about 1350 cc and is similar to Neanderthal man with cranial capacity of about 1400 cc. During ice age between 75,000-10,000 years ago, modern Homo sapiens arose.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Read the following statements about the human female reproductive system and identify the incorrect statement.

Options:
A The wall of the uterus has three layers of tissue. The external thin membranous perimetrium, middle thick layer of smooth muscle, myometrium and inner glandular layer called endometrium that lines the uterine cavity.
B The clitoris is a tiny finger-like structure which lies at the upper junction of the two labia majora above the urethral opening.
C Each fallopian tube is about 10-12 cm long and extends from the periphery of each ovary to the uterus the part closer to the ovary is the funnel-shaped infundibulum.
D The cavity of the cervix is called cervical canal which along with vagina forms the birth canal.

The correct answer is:
The clitoris is a tiny finger-like structure which lies at the upper junction of the two labia majora above the urethral opening.

Solution:
The female external genitalia include mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen and clitoris. The clitoris is a tiny finger-like structure which lies at the upper junction of the two labia minora above the urethral opening. Each fallopian tube is about 10-12 cm long and extends from the periphery of each ovary to the uterus, the part closer to the ovary is the funnel-shaped infundibulum. The edges of the infundibulum possess finger-like projections called fimbriae, which help in collection of the ovum after ovulation. The infundibulum leads to a wider part of the oviduct called ampulla. The last part of the oviduct, isthmus has a narrow lumen and it joins the uterus. The wall of the uterus has three layers of tissue. The external thin membranous perimetrium, middle thick layer of smooth muscle, myometrium and inner glandular layer called endometrium that lines the uterine cavity.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Read the following statements about the human nervous system:

(i) A multipolar neuron is with one axon and two or more dendrites; found in the cerebral cortex.
(ii) In resting condition, the sodium-potassium pump transports 3 Na+ inwards and 2K+ outward the cell.
(iii) Midbrain and hindbrain form the brain stem including the cerebellum.
(iv)The pons of the hindbrain is directly connected to the spinal cord to control respiration.

How many statement/s from above is/are incorrect?

Options:
A Three
B Two
C One
D Four

The correct answer is:
Three

Solution:
In resting condition the sodium-potassium pump transport 3 Na+ outwards and 2K+ inward the cell. Midbrain and hindbrain form the brain stem excluding cerebellum. The medulla of hind brain is directly connected to spinal cord to control respiration.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Read the following statements about the internal structure of the human heart:

I. Humans have an auto-excitable, chambered, muscular and myogenic heart.
II. The heart is mesodermal in origin and is present symmetrically between two lungs in the thoracic cavity.
III. The opening between the right atrium and left ventricle is guarded by a tricuspid valve.
IV. Only the sino-atrial node of the heart has the ability to generate action potentials without any external stimuli.

How many statement/s is/are incorrect from the above?

Options:
A Two
B Three
C Four
D One

The correct answer is:
Three

Solution:
Heart is mesodermal in origin and is present asymmetrically between two lungs in the thoracic cavity.
The opening between the right atrium and right ventricle is guarded by a tricuspid valve, whereas between left atrium and left ventricle is guarded by a bicuspid or mitral valve.
The entire nodal structure of the heart has the ability to generate action potentials without any external stimuli. This includes the SAN, AVN, AV bundle, etc.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Read the following statements about the nervous system and mark the CORRECT option.

a Synaptic cleft of neurons secretes adrenaline.

b Myelinated nerve fibers in PNS are enveloped with Schwann cell.

c Non-myelinated nerve fiber in PNS is enclosed by a Schwann cell that does not form the myelin sheath.

d Spinal cord and cranial nerves are made of non-myelinated nerve fibers.

Of the four statements,

Options:
A a, b are correct, but c and d are incorrect
B a, b and c are correct, but d is incorrect
C c, d are correct, but a and b are incorrect
D b, c are correct but a and d are incorrect

The correct answer is:
b, c are correct but a and d are incorrect

Solution:
PNS consists of myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers. In PNS the myelin nerves are made up of Schwann cells that secrete the sheath. Non-myleinated neurons also show presence of Schwann cells but they do not secrete Myelin sheath. The most common neurotransmitter is acetylcholine, which often is the messenger between axons and muscles. Spinal cord and cranial nerves are made up of myelinated fibres.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Read the following statements about the nervous system:

I. The neural organisation in Hydra is composed of a network of neurons.
II. A neuron is a macroscopic structure composed of three major parts.
III. Nissl's granules are present in dendrites and cell body.
IV. The axons transmit nerve impulses towards the cell body.

How many from the above is/are correct?

Options:
A Four
B Three
C Two
D One

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
A neuron is a microscopic structure composed of three major parts, namely cell body, dendrites and axon. The axons transmit nerve impulses away from the cell body and towards the axon-terminal to a synapse or to a neuro-muscular junction.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Read the following statements about xylem elements. Which ones are true?

I. The gymnosperms lack xylem vessels, instead they possess tracheids.

II. Xylem parenchyma is involved in upward movement of water.

III. Tyloses occurs in xylem fibres.

Options:
A I and II
B Only I
C II and III
D Only III

The correct answer is:
Only I

Solution:
In gymnosperms, the tracheids perform the function of water and mineral conduction. Gymnosperms generally lack xylem vessels. Xylem parenchyma is involved in radial conduction of water through the ray cells which grow laterally. Tyloses growth is generally seen in the xylem parenchyma cells in order to protect the vascular tissue from the damage of an infection or drought side effects.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the following statements (A-C) about the human heart:
A. The SA node is a specialized mass of cardiac tissue present in the lower-left corner of the right atrium close to the AV septum.
B. The body has the ability to alter the heart rate, cardiac output but not stroke volume.
C. The end of the T-wave in ECG marks the end of the systole.
How many statements is/are correct from the above?

Options:
A Three
B Two
C One
D None

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
AV node is specialised mass of cardiac tissue present in the lower left corner of the right atrium close to the AV septum.
The body has ability to alter the stroke volume as well as the heart rate and thereby the cardiac output.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Read the following statements (A–D):

1. Hypothalamus controls body temperature, eating and drinking
2. The midbrain receives and integrates visual, tactile and auditory inputs
3. The medulla contains centres, which control respiration, cardiovascular reflexes and gastric secretions
4. The entire process of involuntary response to a peripheral nerve stimulation is called reflex action.

How many of the above statements are true?

Options:
A 3
B 4
C 2
D 1

The correct answer is:
4

Solution:
The hypothalamus acts as an integrator to regulate and coordinate basic functions necessary for life, such as fluid and electrolyte balance, feeding and energy metabolism, wake-sleep cycles, thermoregulation, stress responses and sexual behaviour and reproduction. The midbrain is the smallest region of the brain that acts as a sort of relay station for auditory and visual information. The medulla contains centres which control respiration, cardiovascular reflexes and gastric secretions. The entire process of involuntary response to a peripheral nerve stimulation is called reflex action

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Read the following statements (A–D):-

(A) An elaborate network of vessels called the lymphatic system collects tissue fluid and drains it back to the major veins.
(B) The fluid present in the lymphatic system is called the lymph.
(C) Lymph is a colourless fluid containing specialized lymphocytes.
(D) Fats are absorbed through lymph in the lacteals present in the intestinal villi.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Options:
A Four
B Three
C Two
D One

The correct answer is:
Four

Solution:
The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs that primarily consists of lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and lymph. It collects interstitial fluid and plays an important role in immunity by transporting lymphocytes and antigen from the connective tissues to organized lymphoid tissues, where the lymphocytes are activated.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Read the following statements (A-D) carefully.

A. Causes the 25% loss of CO2 fixed by Calvin- Benson cycle.
B. Operates in chloroplasts, leaf peroxisomes and mitochondria.
C. Absent in photosynthetic bacteria.
D. Does not produce ATP.

Which light-dependent phenomenon has been described by the above statements?

Options:
A Cyclic ETS
B Photolysis of water
C Photorespiration
D Pentose phosphate pathway

The correct answer is:
Photorespiration

Solution:
Photorespiration is the process by which in the presence of light plant consumes oxygen and releases carbon dioxide (instead of fixing carbon dioxide) during photosynthesis, resulting in a decrease in photosynthetic output since no ATP is produced and carbon (as well as nitrogen in the form of ammonia) is lost inevitably.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET