datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Choose the correct statement regarding retrovirus.

Options:
A An RNA virus that can synthesize DNA during infection.
B A DNA virus that can synthesize RNA during infection.
C A ssDNA virus
D A dsRNA virus

The correct answer is:
An RNA virus that can synthesize DNA during infection.

Solution:
Retrovirus, any of a group of viruses that belong to the family retroviridae and that characteristically carry their genetic blueprint in the form of ribonucleic acid (RNA). They have ssRNA as genetic material. It is a type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell. It uses a special enzyme called reverse transcriptase to translate its genetic information into DNA.
That DNA can then integrate into the host cell's DNA. Once integrated, the virus can use the host cell's components to make additional viral particles.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Choose the correct statement regarding the catalytic converters.

Options:
A Motor vehicles equipped with catalytic converter should use leaded petrol
B Catalytic converters have expensive metals namely platinum-palladium and rhodium as catalyst
C Catalytic converters help in reducing particulate matter
D As the exhaust passes through the catalytic converter nitrogen gas is converted to nitric oxide

The correct answer is:
Catalytic converters have expensive metals namely platinum-palladium and rhodium as catalyst

Solution:
Converting toxic pollutants of the vehicular exhaust gas into less toxic form by catalyzed redox reaction is the function of catalytic converters. Expensive metals like rhodium (reduction catalyst), palladium (oxidation catalyst) and platinum (oxidation/reduction catalyst) are used for the catalytic process. These convert the hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water. Also, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are changed to nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
Choose the correct statement regarding the ZIFT procedure:

Options:
A Ova collected from a female donor are transferred to the fallopian tube to facilitate zygote formation
B Zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the fallopian tube
C Zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the uterus
D Ova collected from a female donor and transferred to the uterus

The correct answer is:
Zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the fallopian tube

Solution:
In ZIFT (Zygote intrafallopian transfer) the zygote, formed in vitro, or early embryo up to 8-blastomere is transformed into fallopian tube.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
Choose the CORRECT statement regarding ZIFT.

Options:
A Ova collected from the female donor are transferred to the fallopian tube to facilitate zygote formation.
B Zygote formed in In-vitro conditions is transferred to the fallopian tube of its mother or surrogate mother.
C Zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the uterus.
D Ova collected from a female donor and transferred to the uterus.

The correct answer is:
Zygote formed in In-vitro conditions is transferred to the fallopian tube of its mother or surrogate mother.

Solution:
ART's (Assisted Reproductive Technologies) are various techniques which help couples to have children. Examples of such techniques are GIFT (Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer), ZIFT (Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer), AI (Artificial Insemination), IUT (Intra Uterine Transfer), ICSI (Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection) etc. In ZIFT the ova and sperms are collected in a dish and induced to form zygote and this is then transferred into the fallopian tube or uterus depending upon the number of blastomeres being less than 8 or more than 8 respectively.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
Choose the correct statement.

Options:
A Presence of more than one recognition site for one enzyme, within a vector, generate several fragments, which will complicate gene cloning.
B Ligation of alien DNA is carried out at a restriction site present in 'ori'.
C In pBR322 one antibiotic resistance gene helps in the selection of transformants, whereas the other helps in cloning.
D Rop helps in identification of transformed cells.

The correct answer is:
Presence of more than one recognition site for one enzyme, within a vector, generate several fragments, which will complicate gene cloning.

Solution:
In order to link the alien DNA, the vector needs to have very few, preferably single, recognition site for the commonly used restriction enzymes. Presence of more than one recognition sites within the vector will generate several fragments, which will complicate the gene cloning.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Choose the correct statements :
(a) Bones support and protect softer tissues and organs
(b) Weight bearing function is served by limb bones
(c) Ligament is the site of production of blood cells.
(d) Adipose tissue is specialised to store fats.
(e) Tendons attach one bone to another.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Options:
A (a), (b) and (d) only
B (b), (c) and (e) only
C (a), (c) and (d) only
D (a), (b) and (e) only

The correct answer is:
(a), (b) and (d) only

Solution:
Bone protect inner visceral parts and limb bone helps weigh bearing.
$\rightarrow$ Adipose tissue store fat.
$\rightarrow$ Ligament joins bone to bone and tendons attach muscles to the bones, bone marrow is the site where blood cells are produced not ligament.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 2)
Choose the correct statement/s about amphibolic pathways.

Options:
A Fatty acids are used as a substrate when they are converted into acetyl CoA to enter the respiratory pathway.
B A pathway is said to be amphibolic when it can only perform catabolic activities like the breakdown of proteins into amino acids.
C Glycerol enters the Kreb's cycle as PGAL.
D Both (A) and (B)

The correct answer is:
Fatty acids are used as a substrate when they are converted into acetyl CoA to enter the respiratory pathway.

Solution:
Fats would need to be broken down into glycerol and fatty acids first. If fatty acids were to be respired they would first be degraded to acetyl CoA and enter the pathway. Glycerol would enter the pathway after being converted to PGAL. Fatty acids would be broken down to acetyl CoA before entering the respiratory pathway when it is used as a substrate. But when the organism needs to synthesise fatty acids, acetyl CoA would be withdrawn from the respiratory pathway for it.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
Choose the correct statements:

I. Cartilaginous fish swims continuously due to the presence of an air bladder.
II. Osteichthyes have four pairs of gills that are covered by an operculum.
III. The notochord is persistent throughout life in Chondrichthyes.
IV. Teeth of cartilaginous fishes are modified placoid scales.

Options:
A Only (I) & (II) are correct
B Only (II), (III) & (IV) are correct
C Only (II) & (IV) are correct
D All are correct

The correct answer is:
Only (II), (III) & (IV) are correct

Solution:
Due to absence of air bladder in cartilaginous fishes, they have to swim constantly to avoid sinking. They have usually five pairs of gill slits which are separate and are without operculum.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Choose the correct statement/s regarding malaria:

(i) Malignant malaria is caused by Plasmodium vivax.

(ii) Frequent chills and fever are caused by hemozoin.

(iii) Sporozoites reproduce sexually in hepatocytes.

(iv) Gametocytes develop in RBCs.

Options:
A i and ii only
B ii and iii only
C iii and iv only
D ii and iv only

The correct answer is:
ii and iv only

Solution:
Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium. Human malaria is caused by four different species of Plasmodium: P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. vivax. Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that causes malignant malaria in humans.
Haemozoin is a disposal product formed from the digestion of blood by plasmodium that brings about chills.
In Plasmodium the sexual stages are produced in the humans, but fertilization takes place in the stomach of mosquito. In hepatocytes asexual reproduction takes place through schizogony
Sexual stage i.e gametocytes develop in RBCs of humans.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Choose the correct statements.

Options:
A Nociceptors respond to changes in pressure
B Meissner's corpuscles are thermoreceptors
C Photoreceptors in the human eye are depolarised during darkness and become hyperpolarized in response to the light stimulus
D Receptors do not produce graded potentials

The correct answer is:
Photoreceptors in the human eye are depolarised during darkness and become hyperpolarized in response to the light stimulus

Solution:
Mechanism of vision: In the dark photoreceptors release an inhibitory neurotransmitter that prevents the activation of ganglion cells by bipolar neurons. Light inhibits the photoreceptors from releasing the inhibitory transmitter. Without this inhibition, the bipolar neurons are able to stimulate the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells transmit action cortex analyses and compare the input with earlier stored experiences for understanding the input (image).
The photoreceptors contain many Na+ channels in their plasma membrane. In the dark these channels are open and Na+ ions enter inducing depolarization of photoreceptors and release of inhibitory neurotransmitters. In the light, the photopigments present in the receptors become converted from 11-cis-retinene to all –trans-retinene. The trans-retinene gets dissociated from opsin protein. This brings up the closing of Ca+2 channels and opens up of Na+ channels and the potential gradient is formed. The photoreceptors do not release the inhibitory neurotransmitter hence, the bipolar neurons release excitatory neurotransmitters stimulating ganglion cells.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 2)
Choose the correctly matched duo of the drug which lowers lipid levels in the blood and its source.

Options:
A Drug: Streptokinase, Organism: Streptococcus
B Drug: Statins, Organism: Clostridium
C Drug: Cyclosporin A, Organism: Trichoderma
D Drug: Statins, Organism: Monascus

The correct answer is:
Drug: Statins, Organism: Monascus

Solution:
Streptokinase produced by the bacterium Streptococcus and modified by genetic engineering is used as a 'clot buster' for removing clots from the blood vessels of patients who have undergone myocardial infarction leading to heart attack. Cyclosporin A is a bioactive molecule that is derived from the fungus Trichoderma polysporum. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplant patients. Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents. It acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Choose the correctly matched pair:

Options:
A Inner lining of salivary ducts - Ciliated epithelium
B Moist surface of buccal cavity - Glandular epithelium
C Tubular parts of nephrons- Cuboidal epithelium
D Inner surface of bronchioles - Squamous epithelium

The correct answer is:
Tubular parts of nephrons- Cuboidal epithelium

Solution:
These cells are polygonal and cuboidal in nature and appear square-shaped in side view. The nucleus is centrally located and rounded. They are found in the lining of many ducts, PCT, DCT and collecting tubules of kidneys when they are non-sensory. They are also present in salivary, sweat and thyroid gland and are secretory in function.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET, NEET 2014
Choose the correctly matched pair:

Options:
A Tendon-Specialized connective tissue
B Adipose tissue-Dense connective tissue
C Areolar tissue- Loose connective tissue
D Cartilage-Loose connective tissue

The correct answer is:
Areolar tissue- Loose connective tissue

Solution:
Areolar connective tissue is a type of loose connective tissue and is most widely distributed in human body.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET, NEET 2014
Choose the correctly matched pair from the codes given below:

(1)	2-Octanone	(A)	CH3CH25COCH3

(2)	Trimethyl amine	(B)	CH33C–NH2

(3)	Acrolein	(C)	CH2=CH–CN

(4)	Vinyl acetylene	(D)	CH 2 =CH–C≡CH

Options:
A 1 and 4
B 2 and 3
C 2 and 4
D 1 and 3

The correct answer is:
1 and 4

Solution:
trimethyl amine is (CH3)3N and acrolien is CH2=CH-CHO

Topic: Chemistry, Amines, NEET
Choose the correctly matched pair:

Options:
A Inner lining of salivary ducts - Ciliated epithelium
B Moist surface of buccal cavity - Glandular epithelium
C Tubular parts of nephrons- Cuboidal epithelium
D Inner surface of bronchioles - Squamous epithelium

The correct answer is:
Tubular parts of nephrons- Cuboidal epithelium

Solution:
These cells are polygonal and cuboidal in nature and appear square-shaped in side view. The nucleus is centrally located and rounded. They are found in the lining of many ducts, PCT, DCT and collecting tubules of kidneys when they are non-sensory. They are also present in salivary, sweat and thyroid gland and are secretory in function.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Choose the effect produced by the failure of contraction in the circular ciliary muscles of the eye.

Options:
A Lens will become more convex
B Lens will be thin and stretched
C Vision will be lost completely
D Bright light will have no adverse effect on retina

The correct answer is:
Lens will be thin and stretched

Solution:
Ciliary body and the attached suspensory ligament change the shape of the eye lens by relaxing and contracting the ciliary muscles. This is how they control the focal length to focus on an object. The contraction of ciliary muscles releases the suspensory ligaments and allows the lens to become convex and the relaxation of these muscles makes the lens stretched. As the ciliary muscles are involved in the accommodation required for close vision, the loss of their contraction capability would not cause loss of vision but would affect the close vision only. Hence, we can conclude that if the ciliary muscle fails to contract, the lens will become thin and stretched.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Choose the false statement about parenchyma.

Options:
A The cells of the parenchyma are generally isodiametric.
B They are found in both polygonal and elongated shapes.
C Their walls are thick and made up of pectin.
D The functions of parenchyma include photosynthesis, storage and secretion.

The correct answer is:
Their walls are thick and made up of pectin.

Solution:
Parenchyma forms the major component within organs. The cells of the parenchyma are generally isodiametric. They may be spherical, oval, round, polygonal or elongated in shape. Their walls are thin and made up of cellulose. They may either be closely packed or have small intercellular spaces. The parenchyma performs various functions like photosynthesis, storage, secretion.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Choose the false statement from the following.

Options:
A About 60% starch is hydrolysed in buccal cavity by the enzyme salivary amylase
B Salivary amylase acts on starch and is converted into maltose
C Salivary amylase acts at optimum pH 6.8
D Stomach stores the food for 4-5 hours

The correct answer is:
About 60% starch is hydrolysed in buccal cavity by the enzyme salivary amylase

Solution:
About 30 percent of starch present in food is hydrolysed in the mouth itself. The action of salivary amylase continues for sometime even in the stomach but soon HCI present in the gastric juice destroys all the enzyme.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
Choose the "hinge joint" from the given examples of joints in our body:

(i) Atlanto-axial joint
(ii) Elbow joint
(iii) Interphalangeal joint
(iv) 1st metacarpal carpo joint
(v) Knee joint
(vi) Pubic symphysis

Options:
A (i), (ii) and (iii)
B (ii), (iii) and (vi)
C (iii), (iv) and (v)
D (ii), (iii) and (v)

The correct answer is:
(ii), (iii) and (v)

Solution:
Saddle joint - 1st metacarpal carpo joint
Hinge joint - Elbow joint, Interphalangeal joint and knee joint
Pivot joint - Atlanto-axial joint

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
Choose the incorrect enzymatic reaction :

Options:
A

B

C

D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
Maltase leads to breakdown of disaccharide maltose into two glucose subunits.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 2)
Choose the incorrect match.

Options:
A Male external genitalia : penis
B Male accessory gland : seminal vesicle and prostate
C Lubrication : bulbourethral gland
D Scrotum : situated inside testis

The correct answer is:
Scrotum : situated inside testis

Solution:
It helps to regulate temperature of testis for spermatogenesis .
The scrotum is a sac of skin that hangs from the body at the front of the pelvis.
The scrotum contains the testicles. These are two oval-shaped glands responsible for producing and storing sperm.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Choose the incorrect match.

Options:
A tonoplast - starch
B aleuroplast - proteins
C elaioplast - oils
D chromoplast - xanthophyll

The correct answer is:
tonoplast - starch

Solution:
The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments which are responsible for trapping light energy essential for photosynthesis. In the chromoplasts fat-soluble carotenoid pigments like carotene, xanthophylls and others are present. This gives the part of the plant a yellow, orange or red colour. The leucoplasts are the colourless plastids of varied shapes and sizes with stored nutrients: Amyloplasts store carbohydrates (starch), e.g., potato; elaioplasts store oils and fats whereas the aleuroplasts store proteins.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Choose the incorrect match:

Options:
A K PtCl3C2H4 : Zeise's salt
B FeCO5 : Trigonal bipyramidal
C CoNH363+ : Inner orbital complex
D CrNH363+ : Diamagnetic

The correct answer is:
CrNH363+ : Diamagnetic

Solution:
K PtCl3C2H4 is Zeise's salt
Hybridisation of Fe ( CO ) 5 =sp 3 d
So, shape is triagonal bipyramidal
[ Co ( N H 3 ) 6 ] +3
Co +3 =1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 2 3 p 6 3 d 6
NH 3 is strong field ligand.
C r +3 =1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 2 3 p 6 3 d 3

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, NEET
Choose the incorrect match.

Options:
A Nucleus - RNA synthesis
B Lysosome - Protein synthesis
C Mitochondria - Respiration
D Cytoskeleton - Microtubules

The correct answer is:
Lysosome - Protein synthesis

Solution:
Lysosomes, commonly called suicidal bags, consists of 40 different types of hydrolytic enzymes which are capable of digesting all biomolecules; thus, they carry out intracellular and extracellular digestion.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Choose the incorrect match.

Options:
A First month : formation of heart begins.
B Second month : development of limbs and digits
C Third month: most of the major organ systems are formed.
D Sixth month : first movements of the fetus is sensed

The correct answer is:
Sixth month : first movements of the fetus is sensed

Solution:
In human beings, after one month of pregnancy, the embryoâs heart is formed. By the end of the second month of pregnancy, the fetus develops limbs and digits. By the end of 12 weeks (first trimester), most of the major organ systems are formed, for example, the limbs and external genital organs are well-developed. The first movements of the fetus and appearance of hair on the head are usually observed during the fifth month. By the end of 24 weeks (second trimester), the body is covered with fine hair, eye-lids separate, and eyelashes are formed.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Choose the incorrect match.

Options:
A Primary messenger: Calcium ion
B Insulin: Peptide hormone
C Erythropoietin: Formation of RBC
D Aldosterone: Steroid

The correct answer is:
Primary messenger: Calcium ion

Solution:
Binding of hormone (primary messenger) to the receptor initiates a series of events which leads to the generation of so-called second messengers like calcium, cAMP, etc. within the cell. The second messengers then trigger a series of molecular interactions that alter the physiologic state of the cell. Another term used to describe this entire process is signal transduction.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Choose the incorrect match from the following.

Options:
A Salty area - Halophiles
B Hot spring - Eubacteria
C Marshy area - Methanogens
D Both (B) and (C)

The correct answer is:
Hot spring - Eubacteria

Solution:
Halophiles are salt-loving Archaebacteria which grows in a highly saline environment. Thermoacidiophiles are present in an area with high temperature and highly acidic environmemt. Methanogens are methane generating bacteria which produces methane in marshy area.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Choose the incorrect match from the following.

Options:
A First trimester : foetus develops Limbs and digits
B Second trimester : the body is covered with fine hairs
C First trimester : most of the major organ systems are formed
D Second trimester : foetus is ready for delivery

The correct answer is:
Second trimester : foetus is ready for delivery

Solution:
Parturition or the expulsion of foetus takes place at the end of 3rd trimester.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Choose the incorrect match with respect to disorder and their associated clinical condition.

Options:
A

Disorder	Associated clinical condition

Cardiac arrest	When heart stops beating

B

Disorder	Associated clinical condition

Heart attack	When the heart muscle is suddenly damaged

C

Disorder	Associated clinical condition

Heart failure	When the heart is not pumping blood effectively

D

Disorder	Associated clinical condition

Ischemic heart disease	Causes due to deposition of calcium, fat, cholesterol and fibrous tissue, which makes the lumen of arteries narrower

The correct answer is:

Disorder	Associated clinical condition

Ischemic heart disease	Causes due to deposition of calcium, fat, cholesterol and fibrous tissue, which makes the lumen of arteries narrower

Solution:
Ischemic heart disease is characterised by discomfort and chest pain due to the lack of blood supply to the heart, especially in times of excitement or exertion when the heart requires a greater amount of blood.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Choose the incorrect match.

Options:
A Copulatory organ in male : Penis
B Male accessory gland : Seminal vesicles
C Bulbovestibulargland : Bartholin's glands
D Scrotum : Non hairy skin bag

The correct answer is:
Scrotum : Non hairy skin bag

Solution:
It helps to regulate temperature of testis for spermatogenesis .
The scrotum is a sac of skin that hangs from the body at the front of the pelvis.
The scrotum contains the testicles. These are two oval-shaped glands responsible for producing and storing sperm.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Choose the incorrect one pair from the following.

Options:
A Nucleus - RNA
B Lysosome - Protein Synthesis
C Mitochondria - Respiration
D Cytoskeleton - Microtubules

The correct answer is:
Lysosome - Protein Synthesis

Solution:
Protein synthesis takes place in ribosomes, which is attached to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum by ribophorin-I and ribophorin-II.
Approximately 50 hydrolytic enzymes are found in the lysosome. They include proteases, nucleases, glycosidases, lipases, phospholipases, phosphatases and sulphatases. All lysosomal enzymes are acid hydrolases and optimally active at pH 5.0.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET