datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
DNA fragments are

Options:
A Positively charged
B Negatively charged
C Neutral
D Either positively or negatively charged depending on their size

The correct answer is:
Negatively charged

Solution:
DNA contain phosphates in its backbone.Phosphate groups in the DNA backbone carry negatively-charged oxygen molecules responsible for the whole DNA molecule to appear negatively charged as a mild acid. So it is called a nucleic ACID, a "DN acid".

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET, NEET 2017
DNA fragments generated by the restriction endonucleases in a chemical reaction can be separated by

Options:
A centrifugation
B polymerase chain reaction
C electrophoresis
D restriction mapping

The correct answer is:
electrophoresis

Solution:
DNA fragments generated by the restriction endonucleases in a chemical reaction can be separated by electrophoresis. The polymerase chain reaction is simply DNA replication in a test tube. Restriction mapping is the process of obtaining structural information on a piece of DNA by the use of restriction enzymes, e.g., endonucleases that recognise specific 4 to 8 base regions of DNA.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)
DNA is a polymer of nucleotides which are linked to each other by 3' - 5' phosphodiester bond. To prevent polymerization of nucleotides, which of the following modifications would be required?

Options:
A Replace purine with pyrimidines
B Remove/Replace 3' OH group in deoxyribose
C Remove/Replace 2' OH group with some other group in deoxyribose
D Both B and C

The correct answer is:
Remove/Replace 3' OH group in deoxyribose

Solution:
DNA is the genetic material which contains the gene for the cell regulation and activity. DNA is made of the long chain nucleotides which is made of the three components - deoxyribose sugar, N-base and the phosphate group. The DNA is a double helical structure having two anti-parallel strands of polynucleotide chains joined to each other by hydrogen bonding formed between the N-bases. The backbone of the structure is constituted by the sugar-phosphate linked by the phosphodiester bond at 3'-OH group of the deoxyribose sugar. If this group is removed then phosphodiester bond will not form. As a result, polymerization of the molecule will not occur.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
DNA is a polymer of nucleotides which are linked to each other by 3’-5’ phosphodiester bond. To prevent polymerisation of nucleotides, which of the following modifications would you choose?

Options:
A Replace purine with pyrimidines
B Remove/Replace 3′ OH group in deoxyribose
C Remove/Replace 2′ OH group with some other group in deoxy ribose
D Both ‘b’ and ‘c’

The correct answer is:
Remove/Replace 3′ OH group in deoxyribose

Solution:
Removing 3′ OH group in deoxyribose will lead to the prevention of polymerization with 5’ end.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
DNA is a polynucleotide. In each nucleotide molecule, nitrogenous base is linked to pentose sugar by 'A' linkage and the pentose sugar is linked to phosphate by 'B' linkage. Identify A and B.

Options:
A A - phosphodiester linkage
B - N-glycosidic linkage
B A - N-glycosidic linkage
B - phosphodiester linkage
C A - covalent bond
B - phosphodiester linkage
D A - hydrogen bond
B - ester linkage

The correct answer is:
A - N-glycosidic linkage
B - phosphodiester linkage

Solution:
A nitrogenous base is linked to the pentose sugar through a N-glycosidic linkage to form a nucleoside, such as adenosine or deoxyadenosine, guanosine or deoxyguanosine, cytidine or deoxycytidine and uridine or deoxythymidine. When a phosphate group is linked to 5' -OH of a nucleoside through phosphodiester linkage, a corresponding nucleotide (or deoxynucleotide depending upon the type of sugar present) is formed. Two nucleotides are linked through 3'-5' phosphodiester linkage to form a dinucleotide.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
DNA is a very long polymer, and there are technical limitations in sequencing very long pieces of DNA. The long fragments of DNA are sequenced using

Options:
A Phage vector
B BAC
C YAC
D Both (B) & (C)

The correct answer is:
Both (B) & (C)

Solution:
For sequencing, the total DNA from a cell is isolated and converted into random fragments of relatively smaller sizes and cloned in the suitable host using specialized vectors. The cloning results in the amplification of each piece of DNA fragment so that it subsequently could be sequenced with ease. The commonly used hosts are bacteria and yeast, and the vectors are called as BAC (bacterial artificial chromosomes) and YAC (yeast artificial chromosomes).

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
DNA is not present in:

Options:
A Chloroplast
B Ribosomes
C Nucleus
D Mitochondria

The correct answer is:
Ribosomes

Solution:
The ribosome is a cellular machine which is highly complex and is made up of dozens of distinct protein as well as a few specialized RNA molecules known as ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and does not contain DNA.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 1)
DNA or RNA segment tagged with a radioactive molecule is called

Options:
A vector
B probe
C clone
D plasmid

The correct answer is:
probe

Solution:
Probe is a defined nucleic acid molecule that can be used in molecular hybridization procedures to identify specific nucleic acid sequences that are complementary to it, by virtue of a label carried by the probe. The label may be radioactive or non-radioactive. Nucleic acid probes have a wide range of applications such as in the detection of microorganisms in clinical specimens, in food and water samples, in the detection of genetic diseases, etc.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET, NEET 2010 (Screening)
DNA or RNA segment tagged with radioactive molecule is called

Options:
A Vector
B Probe
C Clone
D Plasmid

The correct answer is:
Probe

Solution:
DNA or RNA segment tagged with a radioactive molecule is called a probe. They are used to detect the presence of complementary sequences in nucleic acid samples.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
DNA polymerase catalyses condensation reactions between molecules during semi-conservative replication of DNA. Which two molecules are joined by DNA polymerase?

Options:
A Base and base
B Base and nucleotide
C Nucleotide and nucleotide
D Phosphate and deoxyribose

The correct answer is:
Nucleotide and nucleotide

Solution:
The DNA polymerases are enzymes that make new DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. They are important for DNA replication process. They catalyse polymerization of deoxy-ribonucleotides by joining the dNTPs together that is joining the nucleotide monomer together to make polynucleotides.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
DNA Polymorphism forms the basis of:

Options:
A DNA finger printing
B Both genetic mapping and DNA finger printing
C Translation
D Genetic mapping

The correct answer is:
Both genetic mapping and DNA finger printing

Solution:
As polymorphism in DNA sequence is the basis of genetic mapping of human genome as well as of DNA fingerprinting. Polymorphism (variation at genetic level) arises due to mutations. New mutations may arise in an individual either in somatic cells or in the germ cells. If a germ cell mutation does not seriously impair individual’s ability to have offspring who can transmit the mutation, it can spread to the other members of population (through sexual reproduction).

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 1)
DNA polymorphism is :

Options:
A Difference in the nucleotide sequence between the individuals
B Dual nature of DNA to proofread and polymerize
C Initiation of RNA transcription
D Formation of double helix

The correct answer is:
Difference in the nucleotide sequence between the individuals

Solution:
The difference in the nucleotide sequence between the individuals is called as DNA polymorphism. It is important for genetic variation and very useful for criminal cases to find the culprit.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
DNA probe is used for

Options:
A DNA fingerprinting
B Detection of pathogenic bacteria
C Medical genetics to find whether a person carries a particular gene or not
D All the above

The correct answer is:
All the above

Solution:
DNA probes are the short, single-stranded, labelled DNA sequences used to detect the presence or absence of nucleic acid in a sample. DNA probes are 100 to 10000 base pair long that are tagged with either radioisotopes or fluorochromes. It is used in medical and food industries, environmental science and microbial identification.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
DNA replication in bacteria occurs

Options:
A During s-phase
B Within nucleolus
C Prior to fission
D Just before transcription

The correct answer is:
Prior to fission

Solution:
DNA replication in bacteria occurs prior to fission. Further, the daughter DNA molecules are distributed into the daughter cells. Prokaryotes do not show well-marked S-phase due to their primitive nature.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET, NEET 2017
DNA replication occurs during

Options:
A Prophase
B Metaphase
C Anaphase
D Interphase

The correct answer is:
Interphase

Solution:
The S phase of the cell cycle is the period for DNA replication. This is the period where duplication of genetic material takes place. This is one of the preparatory periods before mitosis.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
DNA strands on a gel stained with ethidium bromide when viewed under UV radiation, appear as:

Options:
A Yellow bands
B Bright orange bands
C Dark red bands
D Bright blue bands

The correct answer is:
Bright orange bands

Solution:
The cutting of DNA by restriction endonucleases results in the fragments of DNA. These fragments can be separated by a technique known as gel electrophoresis.

The separated DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis can be visualised only after staining the DNA with a compound known as ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV radiation (we cannot see pure DNA fragments in the visible light and without staining). We can see bright orange coloured bands of DNA in ethidium bromide-stained gel exposed to UV light.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET, NEET 2021
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes transcription on one strand of the DNA, which is called the:

Options:
A Template strand
B Coding strand
C Alpha strand
D Antistrand

The correct answer is:
Template strand

Solution:
The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyses the polymerisation in only one direction that is 5'→3' DNA. RNA polymerase moves from the 3′ end of the template strand, creating an RNA strand that grows in aâ¯5′ → 3′ direction.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 2)
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes transcription on one strand of the DNA which is called the:

Options:
A Template strand
B Coding strand
C Alpha strand
D Antistrand

The correct answer is:
Template strand

Solution:
The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyses the polymerisation in only one direction that is 5 → 3, RNA polymerase moves from the 3′ end of the template strand, creating an RNA strand that grows in a 5′ → 3′ direction.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
DNA's precipitation out of a mixture of biomolecules can be achieved by treatment with:

Options:
A Isopropanol
B Chilled ethanol
C Methanol at room temperature
D Chilled chloroform

The correct answer is:
Chilled ethanol

Solution:
DNA is highly polarised due to phosphate backbone. This makes it highly soluble in water. Generally, 0.3 M Sodium Acetate is used which neutralizes the negative charge on the PO3- groups on the nucleic acids, making the molecule far less hydrophilic, and therefore much less soluble in water. Then, three volumes of (at least) 95% ethanol is added that removes the hydration shell of H2O molecules around the phosphate.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET, NEET 2019 (All India)
Do all foods give the same amount of energy?

Options:
A Yes
B No
C Sometimes
D Depends on the organism

The correct answer is:
No

Solution:
Different foods have different amounts of energy and nutrients, so not all foods provide the same amount of energy.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
Do all living organisms breathe?

Options:
A Yes
B No
C Only some
D Depends on the organism

The correct answer is:
Only some

Solution:
Only some living organisms breathe, while others, such as plants and microbes, use other processes to obtain energy.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
Do C₄ plants have a process called photorespiration?

Options:
A Yes
B No
C May be
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
No

Solution:
C₄ plants lack a process called photorespiration, which sets them apart from other plants.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Do carbon and silicon normally show electron acceptor or electron donor behavior?

Options:
A Electron acceptor
B Electron donor
C Both
D Neither

The correct answer is:
Neither

Solution:
Being electron precise molecules, carbon and silicon are normally not expected to act as electron acceptor or electron donor species.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 13 & 14), NEET
Do ecosystems follow the First Law of Thermodynamics?

Options:
A Yes
B No
C Sometimes
D Can't say

The correct answer is:
Yes

Solution:
The unidirectional flow of energy from the sun to producers and then to consumers in an ecosystem is in keeping with the First Law of Thermodynamics.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Do electronic configurations decide the stability of oxidation states in the first series of the transition elements?

Options:
A Yes,If an orbital is half-filled or completely filled, it imparts stability to an atom or ion
B No, electronic configurations have no impact on the stability of oxidation states.
C Stability of oxidation states is solely determined by atomic number.
D The stability of oxidation states depends on the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

The correct answer is:
Yes,If an orbital is half-filled or completely filled, it imparts stability to an atom or ion

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
Yes,If an orbital is half-filled or completely filled, it imparts stability to an atom or ion

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET
Do free electrons travel to regions of higher potential or lower potential?

Options:
A Higher potential
B Lower potential
C Both
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Higher potential

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
Higher potential

Topic: Chemistry, Capacitance, NEET
Do He23and He13nuclei, having the same mass number, possess the same binding energy?

Options:
A Yes, they have identical binding energies.
B No, the binding energy of He23is greater.
C No, the binding energy of He13is greater.
D Cannot be determined based on the given information.

The correct answer is:
No, the binding energy of He13is greater.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (C)
No, the binding energy of He13is greater.

Topic: Chemistry, Nuclear Physics, NEET
Do interstitial compounds retain metallic conductivity?

Options:
A No, they become insulators
B Yes, they retain metallic conductivity
C It depends on their composition
D They become superconductors

The correct answer is:
Yes, they retain metallic conductivity

Solution:
Interstitial compounds retain metallic conductivity.

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET
Do isomers always have vastly different properties from each other?

Options:
A Yes, they are completely unrelated in terms of properties
B No, they may have similar or slightly different properties
C Isomers always have identical properties
D Isomers have no properties at all

The correct answer is:
No, they may have similar or slightly different properties

Solution:
Isomers may have similar or slightly different properties, but they do not always have vastly different properties from each other.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
Do liverworts have male and female sex organs on the same or different thalli?

Options:
A Same thalli
B Different thalli
C Both same and different thalli
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Both same and different thalli

Solution:
During sexual reproduction, male and female sex organs are produced either on the same or on different thalli.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Do micro-organisms eat food for energy?

Options:
A Yes
B No
C Sometimes
D Depends on the micro-organism

The correct answer is:
Yes

Solution:
Micro-organisms also need energy, and they obtain it by eating food, just like other living organisms.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
Do noble gases have a tendency to accept electrons?

Options:
A Yes, they readily accept electrons
B No, they have no tendency to accept electrons
C It depends on the specific noble gas
D They can accept electrons under certain conditions

The correct answer is:
No, they have no tendency to accept electrons

Solution:
Noble gases have no tendency to accept electrons, and they typically do not readily participate in chemical reactions involving electron acceptance.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET
Do plants have specialized organs for gaseous exchange?

Options:
A Yes
B No
C May be
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
No

Solution:
Plants do not have specialized organs for gaseous exchange like animals.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
Do plants have specialized organs for gaseous exchange?

Options:
A Yes
B No
C Both A) and B)
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
No

Solution:
Unlike animals, plants do not have specialized organs for gaseous exchange. Instead, they have stomata and lenticels.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
Do some physical properties of crystalline solids show the same values when measured along different directions in the same crystal?

Options:
A Yes, they are the same in all directions.
B No, they show different values along different directions.
C They are not mentioned in the paragraph.
D Only mechanical properties are different.

The correct answer is:
No, they show different values along different directions.

Solution:
Some physical properties of crystalline solids show different values when measured along different directions in the same crystal due to their anisotropic nature, as stated in the paragraph.

Topic: Chemistry, Solid State, NEET
Do the offspring produced through asexual reproduction show any genetic variation?

Options:
A Yes, they show genetic variation.
B Cannot be determined.
C No, they do not show genetic variation.
D It depends on the organism.

The correct answer is:
No, they do not show genetic variation.

Solution:
The offspring produced in asexual reproduction are exact copies of their parent and are therefore genetically identical.

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
Do the vital functions of the body, such as digestion, get affected during fever? Explain your answer.

Options:
A Yes, because fever leads to increased enzyme activity in the digestive system.
B Yes, because fever inhibits enzyme activity in the digestive system.
C No, because fever has no effect on enzyme activity.
D No, because fever only affects the respiratory system.

The correct answer is:
Yes, because fever inhibits enzyme activity in the digestive system.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
Yes, because fever inhibits enzyme activity in the digestive system.

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, NEET
Do you expect different results in solution when aluminium(III) chloride is treated separately with (i) normal water (ii) acidified water, and (iii) alkaline water?

Options:
A Yes
B No
C Aluminium(III) chloride does not react with any type of water given
D Cannot be discussed without further information

The correct answer is:
Yes

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
Yes

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrogen, NEET
Do you expect different results in solution when potassium chloride is treated separately with (i) normal water (ii) acidified water, and (iii) alkaline water?

Options:
A Yes
B No
C Potassium chloride does not react with any type of water given
D Cannot be discussed without further information

The correct answer is:
Yes

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
Yes

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrogen, NEET
Do you expect "non-stoichiometric hydrides" to be formed by alkali metals?

Options:
A No, because alkali metals readily form stoichiometric hydrides with a fixed hydrogen-metal ratio.
B Yes, because alkali metals can form non-stoichiometric hydrides with varying hydrogen content.
C No, because alkali metals do not form hydrides with hydrogen.
D Yes, because alkali metals exclusively form non-stoichiometric hydrides.

The correct answer is:
No, because alkali metals readily form stoichiometric hydrides with a fixed hydrogen-metal ratio.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
No, because alkali metals readily form stoichiometric hydrides with a fixed hydrogen-metal ratio.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrogen, NEET
Do you expect the carbon hydrides of the type (CnH2n+2) to act as ‘Lewis’ acid or base?

Options:
A Lewis acid, because they readily accept electron pairs from other molecules.
B Neither Lewis acid nor Lewis base because these carbon hydrides are electron-precise hydrides and they contain sufficient valence electrons to form covalent bonds.
C Lewis base, because they readily accept electron pairs from other molecules.
D Lewis base, because they readily donate electron pairs to other molecules.

The correct answer is:
Neither Lewis acid nor Lewis base because these carbon hydrides are electron-precise hydrides and they contain sufficient valence electrons to form covalent bonds.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
Neither Lewis acid nor Lewis base because these carbon hydrides are electron-precise hydrides and they contain sufficient valence electrons to form covalent bonds.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrogen, NEET
Dobson units are used to measure thickness of:

Options:
A CFCs
B Stratosphere
C Ozone
D Troposphere

The correct answer is:
Ozone

Solution:
The Dobson Unit is a way to describe how much ozone there would be in the column if it were all squeezed into a single layer. The average amount of ozone in the atmosphere is roughly 300 Dobson Units, equivalent to a layer 3 millimetres.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET, NEET 2021
Doctors use a stethoscope to hear the sounds produced during each cardiac cycle. The second sound is heard when:

Options:
A Ventricular walls vibrate due to gushing in of blood from atria
B Semilunar valves close down after the blood flows into vessels from ventricles
C AV node receives signal from SA node
D AV valves open up

The correct answer is:
Semilunar valves close down after the blood flows into vessels from ventricles

Solution:
During each cardiac cycle two prominent sounds are produced which can be easily heard through a stethoscope. There are two prominent heart sounds:

The first sound is of low intensity, lub, which is associated with the closure of mitral and tricuspid valve. This is the beginning of ventricular systole.

The second sound is of higher intensity, dup, which is associated with the closure of semilunar valves and mark the end of ventricular systole.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 2)