datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
During blood typing agglutination indicates that the

Options:
A RBC carry certain antigens
B Plasma contains certain antigens
C RBC carry certain antibodies
D Plasma contains certain antibodies

The correct answer is:
RBC carry certain antigens

Solution:
Agglutination is the process where the antibodies bind to specific antigens and produce large insoluble complexes, which render them harmless and facilitate their destruction by other immune system cells. RBC carries specific antigens like antigen A, B, or AB on their cell surface and during blood grouping, the added antibodies bind to them and agglutinate.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
During cell growth, DNA synthesis takes place in

Options:
A S phase
B G1 phase
C G2 phase
D M phase

The correct answer is:
S phase

Solution:
DNA replication occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle. S phase, or synthesis, is the phase of the cell cycle when DNA packaged into chromosomes is replicated.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
During cleavage all of the following increases, except

Options:
A Number of cells
B Nuclear cytoplasmic ratio
C Size of blastomere
D Metabolism

The correct answer is:
Size of blastomere

Solution:
With every cleavage division, the size of resultant blastomeres decreases due to very short interphases.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
During complete oxidation of glucose oxidative decarboxylation occurs in

Options:
A Cytoplasm
B Inner membrane of mitochondria
C Matrix of mitochondria
D Both A and C

The correct answer is:
Matrix of mitochondria

Solution:
During complete oxidation of glucose two oxidative decarboxylation reaction occurs one in link reaction when pyruvic acid is oxidized to acetyl CoA and second in Kreb's cycle when alpha-ketoglutaric acid is oxidized to succinyl CoA. Both these reactions occur in the matrix of mitochondria.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
During curdling of milk, what happens to sugar present in it?

Options:
A Benzoic acid
B Glutamic acid
C Lactic acid
D Fructonic acid

The correct answer is:
Lactic acid

Solution:
Correct Option is : (C)
Lactic acid

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
During decomposition, the process of mineralization by micro-organisms helps in the release of

Options:
A organic nutrients from the humus
B inorganic nutrients from detritus and formation of humus
C both organic and inorganic nutrients from detritus
D inorganic nutrients from humus

The correct answer is:
inorganic nutrients from humus

Solution:
Mineralization is the last step of decomposition, after humification, during which humus is formed. Humus is colloidal in nature which serves as a reservoir of inorganic nutrients. So, during mineralization inorganic nutrients are withdrawn with the help of microbes. At the level of detritus, fragmentation takes place due to which smaller particles are formed and during catabolism, detritus degrades into smaller inorganic substances with the help of bacterial and fungal enzymes.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
During Diplotene, the paired chromosomes form an X-shaped structure called ___.

Options:
A Diakinesis
B Diploma
C Synapse
D Chiasmata

The correct answer is:
Chiasmata

Solution:
During Diplotene, the paired chromosomes form an X-shaped structure called Chiasmata

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
During DNA replication, Okazaki fragments are used to elongate:

Options:
A The leading strand towards replication fork
B The lagging strand towards replication fork
C The leading strand away from replication fork
D The lagging strand away from the replication fork

The correct answer is:
The lagging strand away from the replication fork

Solution:
The DNA polymerase III molecule helps in the DNA fork to synthesize simultaneously the DNA. One of the strands, with proper orientation, functions as a leading strand for which the synthesis is continuous. The lagging strand is oppositely oriented and thus, DNA Pol-III synthesizes this in fragments called the Okazaki fragment. Each Okazaki fragment is synthesized by DNA polymerase at lagging strand in 5′→3′ direction. New Okazaki fragments appear as the replication fork opens further.
As the first Okazaki fragment appears away from the replication fork, the direction of elongation would be away from replication fork.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET, NEET 2017
During double fertilization, the pollen tube enters the embryo sac through

Options:
A Egg cell
B Persistent synergid
C Degenerating synergid
D Central cell

The correct answer is:
Degenerating synergid

Solution:
After entering the ovule, the pollen tube is attracted towards the micropylar end of the embryosac. The pollen tubes pierces one of the two synergids and bursts open into it. The synergid is simultaneously destroyed.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
During each cardiac cycle, two prominent sounds are produced which can be easily heard through a stethoscope. The second heart sound is associated with:

Options:
A Closure of the bicuspid valves
B Closure of the tricuspid valves
C Closure of the semilunar valves
D Opening of the semilunar valves

The correct answer is:
Closure of the semilunar valves

Solution:
Cardiac cycle is sequence of events cyclically repeated in the heart. This involves contraction of heart i.e. systole and relaxation of heart i.e. diastole of both atrias and ventricles. Two prominent heart sounds are heard during each cardiac cycle. These are Lub-Dub and can be easily heard with the help of sthethoscope. The first heart sound is lub or S1 and this is produced due to closure of atrio-ventricular valves i.e. bicuspid and tricuspid valves and is heard at the beginning of ventricular systole. Second heart sound is dub or S2 and this is due to closure of semilunar valves and is heard at the end of ventricular systole.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
During electrolysis of water the volume of O2 liberated is 2.24  dm 3 . The volume of hydrogen liberated, under same conditions will be

Options:
A 2.24Â dm3
B 1.12Â dm3
C 4.48 dm3
D 0.56Â dm3

The correct answer is:
4.48 dm3

Solution:
H 2 O→ H 2 + 1 2 O 2
During electrolysis, volumes of O2 and H2 liberated are in the ratio of 1 : 2 Hence, volume of H2 liberated =2×2.24 d m 3
=4.48 d m 3

Topic: Chemistry, Electrochemistry, NEET
During electrophoresis of the digested DNA, the DNA fragment closest to the cathode is

Options:
A the heaviest and is positively charged
B the lightest and is positively charged
C the heaviest and is negatively charged
D the lightest and is negatively charged

The correct answer is:
the heaviest and is negatively charged

Solution:
DNA fragments are negatively charged and when an electric current is applied they move towards the anode (positively charged electrode). The DNA fragments separate from each other based on their size. The lightest DNA fragment will move faster towards the anode while the heaviest will lag behind. So the one closest to cathode (away from the anode) has to be heaviest and negatively charged.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
During embryonic development in human, the first organ formed is

Options:
A brain
B kidney
C limbs
D heart

The correct answer is:
heart

Solution:
In human beings, after one month of pregnancy, the embryo's heart is formed. By the end of the 2nd month of pregnancy, the fetus develops limbs and digits. By the end of 12 weeks/first trimester of pregnancy, most of the major organs are formed.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
During embryonic development of human, limbs, and digits are formed during

Options:
A First month of pregnancy
B Second month of pregnancy
C Third month of pregnancy
D Seventh month of pregnancy

The correct answer is:
Second month of pregnancy

Solution:
At the end of the 1st month	The heart is formed (Listening of heart sound by stethoscope is the first sign of growing foetus)

At the end of the 2nd month	Limbs and digits are formed

At the end of 1st trimester	Formation of major organ systems e.g. limbs and external genitalia.

In 5th month	First movements and appearance of hair on the head.

At the end of 2nd trimester	The body is covered with fine hairs. Eyelids separate and eyelashes are developed.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
During embryonic development, the establishment of polarity along anterior/ posterior, dorsal/ventral or medial/ lateral axis is called:

Options:
A organizer phenomena
B axis formation
C anamorphosis
D pattern formation

The correct answer is:
organizer phenomena

Solution:
During embryonic development, the establishment of polarity along anterior/posterior, dorsal/ ventral or medial/lateral axis is called organizer phenomenon

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET, NEET 2003
During embryonic development, the total cell cycle time for a given cell type can change. These changes are primarily due to variation in

Options:
A G1 phase
B G2 phase
C M phase
D S phase

The correct answer is:
G1 phase

Solution:
The division cycle of most cells consists of four coordinated processes: cell growth, DNA replication, distribution of the duplicated chromosomes to daughter cells, and cell division. During G1, the cell is metabolically active and continuously grows but does not replicate its DNA. G1 phase is the most variable phase of the cell cycle as far as the duration of the phase is concerned. It is the longest phase of interphase.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
During β- emission,

Options:
A A neutron in the nucleus decays emitting an electron
B An electron already present within the nucleus is ejected
C A part of the binding energy of the nucleus is converted into an electron
D A proton in the nucleus decays emitting an electron

The correct answer is:
A neutron in the nucleus decays emitting an electron

Solution:
β- emission is due to decay of neutron in the nucleus n→ρ+e-

Topic: Physics, Nuclear Physics, NEET
During encystation, Amoeba withdraws its pseudopodia and secretes a ______ layered hard covering or cyst around itself.

Options:
A 5
B 4
C 2
D 3

The correct answer is:
3

Solution:
Under unfavourable condition the Amoeba withdraws its pseudopodia and secretes a three-layered hard covering or cyst around itself. This phenomenon is termed as encystation. When favourable conditions return, the encysted Amoeba divides by multiple fission and produces many minute amoeba or pseudopodiospores; the cyst wall bursts out, and the spores are liberated in the surrounding medium to grow up into many amoebae. This phenomenon is known as sporulation.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
During estimation of nitrogen present in an organic compound by Kjeldahl’s method, the ammonia evolved from 0.5 g of the compound in Kjeldahl’s estimation of nitrogen, neutralized 10 mL of 1 M H2SO4.Find out the percentage of nitrogen in the compound.

Options:
A Percentage of nitrogen=38.0%
B Percentage of nitrogen=42.0%
C Percentage of nitrogen=56.0%
D Percentage of nitrogen=67.0%

The correct answer is:
Percentage of nitrogen=56.0%

Solution:
Correct Option is : (C)
Percentage of nitrogen=56.0%

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
During extraction of silver from cyanide process, which of the following is formed?

Options:
A Na[Ag(CN)2]
B Na2[Ag(CN)2]
C Na4[Ag(CN)2]
D None of these

The correct answer is:
Na[Ag(CN)2]

Solution:
Silver metal is extracted from the argentite ore (Ag2S) by the cyanide process, in which ore is treated with sodium cyanide sol. Dicyanoargentate (I) 2Na Ag (CN) 2 is formed.

Topic: Chemistry, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals, NEET
During gamete formation, the enzyme recombinase participates during

Options:
A metaphase-I
B anaphase-II
C prophase-I
D prophase-II

The correct answer is:
prophase-I

Solution:
The pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis I is characterized by the appearance of recombination nodules, the sites at which crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids of the homologous chromosomes. Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between two homologous chromosomes. It is also an enzyme mediated process and the enzyme involved is called recombinase.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET, NEET 2012 (Screening)
During gamete formation, the enzyme recombinase participates during

Options:
A Metaphase I.
B Anaphase II.
C Prophase I.
D Prophase II.

The correct answer is:
Prophase I.

Solution:
Gamete formation occurs by meiosis, and enzyme recombinase helps in the process of recombination or crossing over which occurs during pachytene of Prophase I of meiosis. This stage is characterized by the appearance of recombination nodules, the sites at which crossing over occurs between nonsister chromatids of the homologous chromosomes.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
During gel electrophoresis, which chemical is used for visualizing the fragmented DNA -

Options:
A Ethylene bromide
B NaBr
C NaCl
D Ethidium bromide

The correct answer is:
Ethidium bromide

Solution:
In gel electrophoresis the fragmented DNA can be visualized only after staining the DNA with a compound known as ethidium Bromide followed by exposure to UV radiation, as pure DNA fragments cannot be seen in visible light without staining.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
During gene therapy, gene is inserted for:

Options:
A Treating especially hereditary diseases
B Treating accidental diseases
C Treating communicable diseases
D More than one option is correct

The correct answer is:
Treating especially hereditary diseases

Solution:
Gene therapy is a collection of methods that allows correction of a gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child/embryo. Here genes are inserted into a person's cells and tissues to treat a genetic disease. Correction of a genetic defect involves delivery of a normal gene into the individual or embryo to take over the function of and compensate for the non-functional gene.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
During glycolysis in cytoplasm, the decarboxylation reactions

Options:
A are not observed
B occurs twice
C occurs once
D occurs in all the ten steps

The correct answer is:
are not observed

Solution:
In this process, one molecule of glucose undergoes partial oxidation to form 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. The continuation of glycolysis reaction, the link reaction, and Kreb's cycle, the decarboxylation reaction, take place.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
During glycolysis, isomerization occurs in how many steps?

Options:
A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5

The correct answer is:
3

Solution:
During glycolysis, isomerization occurs in three steps as follows:
Mutase is an enzyme which belongs to the isomerase class of enzymes.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
During glycolysis, water is released along with the formation of

Options:
A 3- Phosphoglyceric acid
B Phosphoenol pyruvic acid
C Dihydroxy acetone phosphate
D 3- Phosphoglyceric acid

The correct answer is:
Phosphoenol pyruvic acid

Solution:
1 molecule of 2-PGA (3C) undergo dehydration to form 1 molecule of Phospho-enol pyruvic acid or PEP (3C) in the presence of enzyme Enolase and Magnesium ion as the co-factor.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
During his experiments with Drosophila, Morgan discovered that

Options:
A the genes for linkage were located on the Y-chromosome.
B if two genes in a dihybrid cross were situated on the same chromosome, the proportion of non-parental gene combinations were much higher than the parental type.
C the distance between genes couldn't be measured using the frequency of recombination between gene pairs on the same chromosome.
D when genes were grouped on the same chromosome, very tightly linked genes showed very low recombination while loosely linked genes showed higher recombination.

The correct answer is:
when genes were grouped on the same chromosome, very tightly linked genes showed very low recombination while loosely linked genes showed higher recombination.

Solution:
Morgan and his group also found that even when genes were grouped on the same chromosome, some genes were very tightly linked (showed very low recombination) while others were loosely linked (showed higher recombination). For example he found that the genes white and yellow were very tightly linked and showed only 1.3 per cent recombination while white and miniature wing showed 37.2 per cent recombination.
The genes for linkage were located on the X chromosome and when the two genes in a dihybrid cross were situated on the same chromosome, the proportion of parental gene combinations were much higher than the non-parental type.
Morgan's student Alfred Sturtevant used the frequency of recombination between gene pairs on the same chromosome as a measure of the distance between genes and âmappedâ their position on the chromosome.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
During his experiments with pea plant, which of the following characteristics was not used by Mendel?

Options:
A Seed Colour
B Seed Shape
C Pod length
D Pod shape

The correct answer is:
Pod length

Solution:
Johann Mendel, considered the father of Genetics, gave the observation and theories of inheritance of characteristics. He made his conclusions bases on experiments conducted on Pisum sativum, pea plant. In the plant he had considered seven characteristics - seed shape, seed colour, pod shape, pod colour, stem height, flower colour, flower position. He did not consider pod length for his studies.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
During Hoope's process of electrolytic refining of Al, the middle layer is of

Options:
A Pure Al
B Impure Al
C Cryolite + BaF2
D Alloys of Al, Ca, Si

The correct answer is:
Cryolite + BaF2

Solution:
In the Hoope's process for the purification of aluminium, the middle layer consists of cryolite and BaF2 .

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 13 & 14), NEET
During human evolution, the irrelevant change that occurred in the ancestral characters is

Options:
A Loss of tail from body
B Increase in the ability to communicate with others and develop community behaviour
C Arboreal mode of lifestyle
D Perfection in the structure and working of hand for tool-making

The correct answer is:
Arboreal mode of lifestyle

Solution:
Arboreal mode of lifestyle: who spend the majority of their lives in trees. They eat, sleep and play in the tree canopy.Over the years we have started linig in the houses made by man. we don't lead arboreal lifestyle any more.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
During human pregnancy, when is the first movement of the foetus observed?

Options:
A At the end of first trimester
B At the end of second trimester
C At 20 weeks of gestation
D At 16 weeks of gestation

The correct answer is:
At 20 weeks of gestation

Solution:
In human pregnancy, the first movement of the foetus is usually observed around the fifth month, i.e., around 20 weeks of gestation. The appearance of hair on the head is also observed during this period.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
During interphase, RNA and proteins are synthesized in:

Options:
A S phase
B G1 phase
C G2 phase
D Both G1 and G2 phases

The correct answer is:
Both G1 and G2 phases

Solution:
G1 phase is also known as post-mitotic or pre-synthetic phase or first growth phase. It involves synthesis of proteins (enzymes) and energy molecules required for DNA replication.G2 phase is second growth phase and also called pre mitotic gap or growth phase. It involves the synthesis of the tubulin, the spindle protein and RNA.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
During isolation of DNA, addition of which of the following causes precipitation of purified DNA?

Options:
A Chilled ethanol
B Ribonuclease enzyme
C DNA polymerase
D Proteases

The correct answer is:
Chilled ethanol

Solution:
DNA is obtained by treating the bacterial cells/plant or animal tissue with enzymes such as lysozyme (bacterial), cellulase (plant cells), chitinase (fungus). As we know that genes are present on long molecules of DNA intertwined with proteins like histones, the RNA can be removed by treating with ribonuclease while proteins can be removed by treating with protease. The purified DNA finally precipitates out after the addition of chilled ethanol. This is seen as a collection of fine threads in suspension.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
During light reaction in a chloroplast, the highest number of protons are found in

Options:
A Stroma
B Lumen of thylakoids
C Inter membrane space
D Antennae complex

The correct answer is:
Lumen of thylakoids

Solution:
During light reaction photophosporylation and photolysis of water occurs in grana which causes accumulation of protons in lumen of thylakoids, thus a protaon gradient is generated. Breakdown of this gradient causes generation of ATP.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
During meiosis, a microspore mother cell has 12 bivalents, the number of chromosomes in its pollen grains will be:

Options:
A 12
B 24
C 6
D 18

The correct answer is:
12

Solution:
Meiosis is a reductional type of division where the chromosome numbers are halved in the daughter cells formed. During the meiotic division process, there is formation of bivalents which are paired homologous chromosomes. If cell has 12 bivalents, then the mother cell will have 24 chromosomes.
Pollen grains are formed from each of the daughter cell formed after a complete meiotic process of a microspore mother cell. Thus, the chromosomes in pollen grain will be half of the mother cell which is 12.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
During meiosis I, in which stage synapsis takes place?

Options:
A Pachytene
B Zygotene
C Diplotene
D Leptotene

The correct answer is:
Zygotene

Solution:
Prophase I is subdivided into five phases, viz. Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene and Diakinesis.

Leptotene: During this stage, the chromosomes become gradually visible under a light microscope. Compaction of chromosomes continues throughout this phase.

Zygotene: Chromosomes start pairing together. This process is called synapsis. The paired chromosomes are called homologous chromosomes. The formation of synapsis is accompanied by the formation of the synaptonemal complex.
Pachytene: Recombination nodules appear. These nodules are the sites at which crossing over takes place between non-sister chromatids of the homologous chromosomes.

Diplotene: Synapotnemal complex is dissolved at this stage. The recombined homologous chromosomes of the bivalent separate from each other; except at the site of crossing over. The X-shaped structures; thus formed; are called chiasmata.

Diakinesis: Chiasmata is terminated at this stage.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET, NEET 2020 (Phase 2)
During meiosis I, the chromosomes start pairing at:

Options:
A zygotene
B pachytene
C diplotene
D leptotene.

The correct answer is:
zygotene

Solution:
During zygotene phase of Meiosis I, the chromosomes becomes shorter and thicker. The homologous chromosomes come to lie side-byside in pairs, called synapsis and form bivalent. During pachytene, crossing over occurs. During diplotene, the paired chromosomes begin to separate into two pairs of chromatids. During Leptotene, each chromosome becomes visible as two fine threads (chromatids).
Related Theory
Zygotene is that phase wherein the homologous chromosomes pair or come together in synapse. The pairing or coming together of homologous chromosomes is called synapsis. It may be facilitated by the synaptonemal complex. The zygotene stage is also described as bouquet stage since the telomeres cluster at one end of the nucleus.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET, NEET 2013 (Karnataka)