datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A During inspiration intra-pulmonary volume decreases.
B During expiration intra-pulmonary pressure increases.
C Contraction of diaphragm increases the volume of thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis.
D Contraction of internal intercostal muscles increases the volume of the thoracic chamber in the dorso-ventral axis.

The correct answer is:
Contraction of internal intercostal muscles increases the volume of the thoracic chamber in the dorso-ventral axis.

Solution:
Breathing is made up of two processes: Inspiration and Expiration. Inspiration is initiated by the contraction of diaphragm which increases the volume of thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis. The contraction of external inter-costal muscles lifts up the ribs and the sternum causing an increase in the volume of the thoracic chamber in the dorso-ventral axis. The overall increase in the thoracic volume causes a similar increase in pulmonary volume. An increase in pulmonary volume decreases the intra-pulmonary pressure to less than the atmospheric pressure which forces the air from outside to move into the lungs, i.e., inspiration. Relaxation of the diaphragm and the inter-costal muscles returns the diaphragm and sternum to their normal positions and reduce the thoracic volume and thereby the pulmonary volume. This leads to an increase in intra-pulmonary pressure to slightly above the atmospheric pressure causing the expulsion of air from the lungs, i.e., expiration.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Bipolar neuron has only one dendrite.
B Piamater is in contact with brain.
C Afferent fibres carry impulses from CNS to peripheral tissues.
D Granular bodies are found in dendrites of neuron.

The correct answer is:
Afferent fibres carry impulses from CNS to peripheral tissues.

Solution:
Efferent fibres carry impulses from CNS to peripheral tissues.
Types of neurons on the basis of number of axon and dendrites :

Types of neurons	Number of Dendrite (D)	Number of Axon (A)	D + A	Found in

1. Unipolar neuron	0	1	1	Embryonic stage

2. Bipolar neuron	1	1	2	Retina

3. Multipolar neuron	2 or more	1	Many	Cerebral cortex

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Selection of recombinants due to inactivation of antibiotic is a cumbersome procedure.
B Insertional inactivation of β -galactosidase leads to colourless colonies.
C Insertional inactivation of β -galactosidase leads to blue color colonies.
D In insertional inactivation, the rDNA is inserted within the coding sequence of an enzyme β -galactosidase.

The correct answer is:
Insertional inactivation of β -galactosidase leads to blue color colonies.

Solution:
In PUC plasmid having Lac Z gene as selectable marker, it produces enzyme β -galactosidase. If bacteria having PUC plasmid is grown in medium having chromogenic substrate, than non recombinants produces colourless colonies and in recombinants due to insertional inactivation β -galactosidase is not produced thus colourless colonies are produced.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Select the INCORRECT statement.

Options:
A Efferent arteriole has wider lumen than that of afferent arteriole.
B Efferent arteriole arises from the glomerulus.
C Efferent arteriole divides to form peritubular capillary network around PCT and DCT.
D Renal artery enters the kidney and divides into afferent arterioles.

The correct answer is:
Efferent arteriole has wider lumen than that of afferent arteriole.

Solution:
Nephrons are structural and functional units of kidney. These consists of Malphigian corpuscle and renal tubule. Malpighian body consists of Bowman's capsule and tuft of capillaries i.e. glomerulus. These capillaries are unique as these are between two arterioles and not between an arteriole and a venule. Afferent arteriole which forms from renal artery enters the capsule and forms the glomerulus which further forms efferent arteriole and leaves the capsule. These then divide to form peritubular capillaries around the renal tubules. Ultrafiltration which is the first step in urine formation takes place because of the difference in diameters of afferent and efferent arteriole to establish the pressure needed for filtration. Afferent has wider lumen as compared to efferent.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A GEAC is genetic engineering approval committee.
B PCR and ELISA are techniques that serve the purpose of easily diagnosis.
C rDNA therapeutic induce unwanted immunological responses.
D Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine.

The correct answer is:
rDNA therapeutic induce unwanted immunological responses.

Solution:
rDNA therapeutic do not induces unwanted immunological responses, as is common in case of similar products obtained from non human sources. At present about 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use the world over.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Efferent neurons carry impulses from CNS to peripheral tissues.
B Granular bodies are found in cytons of neuron.
C Unipolar neuron has only one dendrite.
D Duramater is in contact with cranium.

The correct answer is:
Unipolar neuron has only one dendrite.

Solution:
Types of neurons on the basis of number of axon and dendrites:

Types of neurons	Number of Dendrite (D)	Number of Axon (A)	D + A	Found in

1. Unipolar neuron	0	1	1	Embryonic stage

2. Bipolar neuron	1	1	2	Retina

3. Multipolar neuron	2 or more	1	Many	Cerebral cortex

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A More than 900 restriction enzymes have been isolated from over 230 strains of bacteria.
B In the year 1963, the two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in Escherichia coli were isolated.
C Some key tools for recombinant DNA technology are restriction enzyme, polymerase enzyme, ligase, vectors and host root organisms.
D EcoRI cut the DNA between bases A and T only when the sequence GAATTC is present in the DNA.

The correct answer is:
EcoRI cut the DNA between bases A and T only when the sequence GAATTC is present in the DNA.

Solution:
EcoRI identifies specific palindromic DNA sequence GAATTC and cuts are specific location away from center between G and A making staggered or sticky end cuts. It breaks phosphodiester bonds and hydrogen bonds.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Lipids are insoluble in water
B Glycerol is trihydoxy propane
C Lecithin is a glycoprotein
D Adenosine is a nucleoside

The correct answer is:
Lecithin is a glycoprotein

Solution:
Lecithin is a phospholipid. It is most important phosphor lipid present in cell membrane. Additionally, it is an important component of surfactant.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A NaOH can be stored in a vessel made of aluminium
B HNO3 can be stored in a vessel made of Be/Aluminium alloy
C HF can be stored in a vessel coated of wax
D HF attacks glass

The correct answer is:
NaOH can be stored in a vessel made of aluminium

Solution:
2Al+2NaOH+2H2O→NaAlO2+3H2
Aluminium dis Solutionves in aqueous alkali, thus NaOH cannot be stored in a vessel made of aluminium

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 13 & 14), NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Excess use of herbicides, pesticides, etc., has only resulted in selection of resistant varieties in a much lesser time scale.
B Analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution.
C When more than one adaptive radiation appeared to have occurred in an isolated geographical area (representing different habitats), it results in divergent evolution.
D A number of marsupials, each different from the other evolved from an ancestral stock, but all within the Australian island continent.

The correct answer is:
When more than one adaptive radiation appeared to have occurred in an isolated geographical area (representing different habitats), it results in divergent evolution.

Solution:
When more than one adaptive radiation appeared to have occurred in an isolated geographical area (representing different habitats), it results in convergent evolution.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Mammals from colder climates generally have shorter ears and limbs to minimise heat loss.
B Many desert plants have a thick cuticle on their leaf surfaces and have their stomata arranged in deep pits (sunken) to minimise water loss through transpiration.
C During altitude sickness, the body compensates low oxygen availability by increasing red blood cell production, increasing the binding affinity of haemoglobin and by increasing breathing rate.
D Desert lizards manage to keep their body temperature fairly constant by behavioural means.

The correct answer is:
During altitude sickness, the body compensates low oxygen availability by increasing red blood cell production, increasing the binding affinity of haemoglobin and by increasing breathing rate.

Solution:
During altitude sickness, the body compensates low oxygen availability by increasing red blood cell production, decreasing the binding affinity of haemoglobin and by increasing breathing rate.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) is higher in the air inside the lungs as compared to venous blood.
B The partial pressure of O2 (pO2) is higher in the air inside the lungs as compared to venous blood.
C The partial pressure of O2 (pO2) is lower inside the venous blood than in the air in the lung.
D The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) is higher inside the venous blood than in the air.

The correct answer is:
The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) is higher in the air inside the lungs as compared to venous blood.

Solution:
The partial pressure of O2 in the atmospheric air is 158 mm of Hg and that of CO2 is 0.3 mm of Hg. The partial pressure of oxygen pO2 in alveolar air is 100 mm Hg and it is only 40 mm Hg in the arterial capillaries of the lungs. Therefore, oxygen from the alveolar air rapidly diffuses due to its higher pO2 into the blood capillaries. Hence, the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) is lower in the air inside the lungs.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Ecological diversity in India is more diverse than Norway.
B In India about 5000 varieties of mangoes are found.
C Among vertebrates, more than half of the species belong to fishes.
D India is one of the 12 mega diversity countries of the world.

The correct answer is:
In India about 5000 varieties of mangoes are found.

Solution:
Genetic diversity: A single species might show high diversity at the genetic level over its distributional range. The genetic variation shown by the medicinal plant Rauwolfia vomitoria growing in different Himalayan ranges might be in terms of the potency and concentration of the active chemical (reserpine) that the plant produces. India has more than 50,000 genetically different strains of rice, and 1,000 varieties of mango.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A The T-lymphocytes mediate CMI.
B The body is able to differentiate ‘self ’ and ‘non-self’ and the humoral immune response is responsible for graft rejection.
C The foetus also receives some antibodies from their mother, through the placenta during pregnancy.
D Each antibody molecule has four peptide chains, two small called light chains and two longer called heavy chains.

The correct answer is:
The body is able to differentiate ‘self ’ and ‘non-self’ and the humoral immune response is responsible for graft rejection.

Solution:
Tissue matching, blood group matching are essential before undertaking any graft/transplant and even after this the patient has to take immuno–suppressants all his/her life. The body is able to differentiate ‘self ’ and ‘nonself’ and the cell-mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Select the INCORRECT statement.

Options:
A Most plant viruses are RNA viruses.
B Bacteriophages possess dsDNA.
C Immunodeficiency virus is a retrovirus.
D Prions possess only nucleoid and no proteins.

The correct answer is:
Prions possess only nucleoid and no proteins.

Solution:
Viruses are microscopic particles that can reproduce inside a living cell that serves as a host. Viruses contain protein and genetic material like living things. Protein coat is also known as a capsid. Prions are proteinaceous agents that contain only protein and no nucleic acid.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A The cell envelope consists of a tightly bound three layered structure, of which plasma membrane is the innermost layer.
B A specialised differentiated form of cell membrane called mesosome is the characteristic of prokaryotes.
C Surface structures of the bacteria, like flagella, pili and fimbriae play a major role in motility.
D Gas vacuoles are found in blue green and purple and green photosynthetic bacteria.

The correct answer is:
Surface structures of the bacteria, like flagella, pili and fimbriae play a major role in motility.

Solution:
Besides flagella, Pili and Fimbriae are also surface structures of the bacteria but do not play a role in motility. The pili are elongated tubular structures made of a special protein. The fimbriae are small bristle like fibres sprouting out of the cell. In some bacteria, they are known to help attach the bacteria to rocks in streams and also to the host tissues.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Phylum Hemichordata consists of a small group of worm-like marine animals with organ-system level of organisation.
B Fertilization is usually internal in Echinodermata.
C Radula in mollusca helps in feeding.
D Parapodia is found in aquatic annelids.

The correct answer is:
Fertilization is usually internal in Echinodermata.

Solution:
In Echinodermata, reproduction is sexual. Fertilization is usually external. Development is indirect with free-swimming larva.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Animal species are more than plant species on earth.
B Prokaryotic species are more in number in comparison to animal species.
C More than 90,000 species of animals are found in India.
D India is one of the 12 megadiversity countries in the world.

The correct answer is:
Prokaryotic species are more in number in comparison to animal species.

Solution:
Some interesting aspects about earth's biodiversity are

1. Animal species > 70%	- Insects are forming the most species-rich taxonomic group (> 70% of the total animals). - Among vertebrates, half of the species belong to fishes.

2. Plant species (including algae, fungi, bryophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms) > 22%	-Number of Fungi species > Combined number of species of fishes, amphibians, reptiles and mammals. - Among plant species, fungi and angiosperms individually form a little less than half number of species.

3. Other species < 8%	- These include prokaryotic and protistan species.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A DNA from single cell is enough to perform DNA fingerprinting analysis
B DNA fingerprinting has much wider applications in determining population and genetic diversities
C The VNTR belongs to a class of satellite DNA referred to as minisatellite
D DNA fingerprint can be used to differentiate monozygotic twins

The correct answer is:
DNA fingerprint can be used to differentiate monozygotic twins

Solution:
Although 99.9% of human DNA sequence is the same in every person, enough of the DNA is different that it is possible to distinguish one individual from another, except monozygotic (MZ) or identical twins. MZ twins are formed when a single egg is fertilized to form one zygote which then divides into two separate embryos. As a result, identical twins have identical DNA sequences; thus, DNA fingerprint may be same in the case of monozygotic twins.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Morgan carried out several dihybrid crosses in Drosophila to study the genes that were sex linked.
B Sturtevant used the frequency of recombination between gene pairs on the same chromosome as a measure of the distance between genes and mapped their position on chromosome.
C Phenylketonuria is an example of autosomal recessive inheritance.
D Boveri united the knowledge of chromosomal segregation with Mendelian principles and called it the chromosomal theory of inheritance.

The correct answer is:
Boveri united the knowledge of chromosomal segregation with Mendelian principles and called it the chromosomal theory of inheritance.

Solution:
Sutton and Boveri argued that the pairing and separation of a pair of chromosomes would lead to segregation of a pair of factor they carried. Sutton united the knowledge of chromosomal segregation with Mendelian principles and called it the chromosomal theory of inheritance.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A The first word in a biological name represents the genus while the second component denotes the specific epithet.
B Biological names are generally in the Latin language.
C Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten, are
separately underlined, or printed in Latin.
D The first word denoting the genus starts with a capital letter while the specific epithet starts with a small letter.

The correct answer is:
Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten, are
separately underlined, or printed in Latin.

Solution:
Universal rules of nomenclature are as follows:
1. Biological names are generally in Latin and written in italics. They are Latinised or derived from Latin irrespective of their origin.
2. The first word in a biological name represents the genus while the second component denotes the specific epithet.
3. Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten, are separately underlined, or printed in italics to indicate their Latin origin.
4. The first word denoting the genus starts with a capital letter while the specific epithet starts with a small letter. It can be illustrated with the example of Mangifera indica.

Topic: Biology, The Living World, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Growth, at a cellular level, is principally a consequence of increase in the amount of protoplasm.
B In maize, the growth in root apical meristem growth as an increase in the size of the cell.
C The growth of a pollen tube is measured in terms of its length.
D An increase in surface area denotes the growth in a dorsiventral leaf.

The correct answer is:
In maize, the growth in root apical meristem growth as an increase in the size of the cell.

Solution:
In one single maize, root apical meristem can give rise to more than 17,500 new cells per hour, whereas cells in a watermelon may increase in size by up to 3,50,000 times. In the former, growth is expressed as increase in cell number; the latter expresses growth as increase in size of the cell. While the growth of a pollen tube is measured in terms of its length, an increase in surface area denotes the growth in a dorsiventral leaf.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A The cerebral hemispheres are connected by a tract of nerve fibres called the corpus callosum.
B The cerebrum wraps around a structure called thalamus, which is a major coordinating centre for sensory and motor signaling.
C The hypothalamus contains a number of centres which control body temperature, urge for eating and drinking.
D The cerebral cortex contains motor areas, sensory areas and large regions that are both sensory and motor in function.

The correct answer is:
The cerebral cortex contains motor areas, sensory areas and large regions that are both sensory and motor in function.

Solution:
The cerebral cortex contains motor areas, sensory areas and large regions that are neither clearly sensory nor motor in function. These regions called as the association areas are responsible for complex functions like intersensory associations, memory and communication.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A An mRNA has some additional sequences that are not translated and are referred to as untranslated regions (UTR).
B The ribosome acts as a catalyst (23S rRNA in bacteria is the enzyme- ribozyme) for the formation of a peptide bond.
C The ribosome consists of structural RNAs and about 60 different proteins.
D For initiation, the ribosome binds to the mRNA at the start codon (AUG) that is recognised only by the initiator tRNA.

The correct answer is:
The ribosome consists of structural RNAs and about 60 different proteins.

Solution:
The ribosome consists of structural RNAs and about 80 different proteins.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A 'Hb' is an example of quaternary structure of protein.
B In the primary structure of protein, the left hand is C- terminal and the right hand is N-terminal.
C In protein or polypeptide, the amino acids are linked by peptide bond.
D Most of the enzymes are protein in nature.

The correct answer is:
In the primary structure of protein, the left hand is C- terminal and the right hand is N-terminal.

Solution:
Most of the enzymes are proteins, except ribozymes which are made up of rRNA. Hb, Haemoglobin is made up of four polypeptide chains, 2 alpha, and 2 beta chains. In a polypeptide, amino acids are linked by the peptide bond in which the first amino acid towards the left hand represents the N-terminal end, and the last amino acid towards the right hand represents the is C-terminal end.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Apomixis is observed in grasses.
B Mango is one seeded fruit.
C Hard seed coat is meant for protection.
D Most of the fruits are parthenocarpic fruits.

The correct answer is:
Most of the fruits are parthenocarpic fruits.

Solution:
True fruits: Fruits developing only from the ovary. Examples: Most of the fruits.
False fruits: In such fruits, thalamus also contributes to fruit formation.
Examples: Apple, Strawberry, Cashew, etc.
Parthenocarpic fruits: Fruits developing without fertilisation. Example: Banana.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Typical angiospermic anther is tetrasporangiate.
B Usually one microspore mother cell gives rise to one functional microspore.
C Tapetal cells have two or more nuclei.
D Sporopollenin in exine is one of the most resistant material.

The correct answer is:
Usually one microspore mother cell gives rise to one functional microspore.

Solution:
Microsporogenesis
- Sporogenous tissue : It is the group of compactly arranged homogenous cells in the centre of each microsporangium in a young anther.
- Each cell of sporogenous tissue act as Pollen mother cell (PMC/2n) ---(Meiosis / Process: Microsporogenesis) â Microspore tetrad -----(When anthers mature and dehydrate)---- â 4 Microspores [Each haploid (n)] are released â Each microspore develop into a pollen grain -----(Dehiscence)---- â Thousands of pollen grains come out of anther.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET