datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Which of the following organelles does not have a double layer?

Options:
A nuclei
B lysosomes
C chloroplasts
D mitochondria

The correct answer is:
lysosomes

Solution:
Eukaryotic cell have many organelleles. These include Nucleus, Endomembrane System, Chloroplasts, Mitochondria, Peroxisomes. Endomembrane system is formed by Lysosomes, Vacuoles, Golgi apparatus and Endoplasmic reticulum as their functions are coordinated. Lysosomes are single membrane bound structures. These are formed by Golgi apparatus. These contain enzymes which bring about digestion of substances. These are regarded as suicidal bags. But Nuclei, Chloroplasts and Mitochondria are double membrane structures. In nuclei the outer and inner membrane encloses a perinuclear space. In Mitochodria the inner membrane forms cristae that are infoldings whereas outer membrane is smooth. Chloroplasts too shows outer and inner distinct layers.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Which of the following organelles is absent in human sperm?

Options:
A Nucleus
B Mitochondria
C Centriole
D Endoplasmic reticulum

The correct answer is:
Endoplasmic reticulum

Solution:
Human sperm consists of Head, Neck, Middle piece and Tail. Head consists of nucleus, chromosomes and it is covered by acrosome. Acrosomes contain enzymes that help in penetration of the ovum. These are modified Golgi apparatus. The neck consists of proximal and distal centrioles. Middle piece has 25-30 spirally arranged mitochondria which are the power houses of the cell. Thus sperm shows presenc of nucleus, centrioles and mitochondria but Endoplasmic reticulum is absent.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Which of the following organelles is bound by the tonoplast?

Options:
A Golgi complex
B Endoplasmic reticulum
C Vacuoles
D Lysosomes

The correct answer is:
Vacuoles

Solution:
The vacuole is the membrane-bound space found in the cytoplasm. It contains water, sap, excretory product and other materials not useful for the cell. The vacuole is bound by a single membrane called tonoplast.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Which of the following organelles is present exclusively in plants?

Options:
A Ribosome
B Lysosome
C Peroxisome
D Glyoxysome

The correct answer is:
Glyoxysome

Solution:
The glyoxysome was discovered by Beevers and Breidenbach in 1961. These are specialized peroxisomes that are found only in plants(germinating seeds). They also possess the key enzyme for the glyoxylate cycle. They contain an enzyme that initiates the breakdown of fatty acids and also helps in the synthesis of sugar by gluconeogenesis.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Which of the following organic acid is the substrate for the step in which GTP is formed during Kreb's cycle.?

Options:
A alpha-ketoglutaric acid.
B Succinyl Co-A.
C Citrate.
D Acetyl CoA.

The correct answer is:
Succinyl Co-A.

Solution:
Kreb's cycle / TCA cycle:
Discovery: This cycle has been named after Sir Hans Kreb, the German biochemist who discovered this cycle in 1937. Kreb's cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle as it is the first stable product of the cycle. This cycle takes place in the matrix of mitochondria as it has a presence of various soluble enzymes here. Like glycolysis, it also involves 10 sequential steps in which the cycle is completed.

The sequential steps of the Kreb cycle are as follows:

(i) Condensation reaction: A 2C compound acetyl CoA combines with 4C compound oxaloacetate to form the 6C product called citrate.

Oxaloacetate + Acetyl CoA âCitrate synthase Citrate + CoA

(ii) Dehydration reaction: A molecule of water is removed in this reaction.

Citrate âFe+2Aconitase cis-Aconitate + H2O

(iii) Hydration reaction: This reaction involves the addition of water molecules to form isocitrate.

cis-Aconitate + H2O âFe+2Aconitase Isocitrate

(iv) Dehydrogenation: NADH2 is formed in this step.

Isocitrate + NAD+ âMn+2Isocitrate dehydrogenase Oxalosuccinate + NADH2

(v) Decarboxylation: This reaction involves the removal of CO2.

Oxalosuccinate âMn+2Decarboxylase Î±-Ketoglutarate

(vi) Oxidative decarboxylation: This reaction is similar to a link reaction.Î±-Ketoglutarate + CoA + NAD+ âMg+2, TPP, Lipoic acidÎ±-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase Succinyl CoA + NADH2 + CO2

(vii) Substrate-level phosphorylation: This step involves the formation of GTP which in presence of phosphokinase enzyme gets converted into ATP.Succinyl CoA + GDP + Pi âSuccinyl CoA synthetase/Succinyl thiokinase Succinate + GTP + CoA

(viii) Dehydrogenation: This reaction involves the formation of FADH2.Succinate + FAD âSuccinic dehydrogenase Fumarate + FADH2

(ix) Hydration: This step involves the addition of water molecules to form malate.Fumarate + H2O âFumarase Malate

(x) Dehydrogenation: It involves the reformation of oxaloacetate.Malate + NAD+ âMalate dehydrogenase Oxaloacetate + NADH2

Hexokinase is the enzyme involved in the first step of glycolysis:

Glucose + ATP âMg+2Hexokinase Glucose 6-Phosphate + ADP

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
Which of the following organic compounds has same hybridization as its combustion product -CO2?

Options:
A Ethane
B Ethyne
C Ethene
D Ethanol

The correct answer is:
Ethyne

Solution:
In Ethyne (CH≡CH) both carbon atoms are sp hybrid as the hybridisation of combustion product, carbon atom of O=C=O(CO2)

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET, NEET 2014
Which of the following organic compounds has same hybridization as its combustion product (CO2) ?

Options:
A Ethanol
B Ethyne
C Ethene
D Ethane

The correct answer is:
Ethyne

Solution:
C2H2+52O2→2CO2+H2O
Both HC≡CH and CO2 have same hybridisation of carbon atom (sp).

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET
Which of the following organic compounds polymerizes to form the polyester Dacron?

Options:
A Propylene and para HO-C6H4-OH
B Benzolic acid and ethanol
C Terepthalic acid and ethylene glycol
D Benzoic acid and para HO-C6H4-OH

The correct answer is:
Terepthalic acid and ethylene glycol

Solution:
Terepthalic acid and ethylene glycol polymerizes to form the polyester Dacron as shown in the figure.

Dacron, commonly known as terylene, is obtained by heating a mixture of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol at 420-460 K in the presence of zinc acetate and antimony trioxide as a catalyst.

Topic: Chemistry, Polymers, NEET, NEET 2014
Which of the following organic compounds unable to give precipitation after reaction with silver nitrate (AgNO3)?

Options:
A
B (CH3)3CCl
C CH3CH=CH–Cl
D CH2=CHâCH2âCl

The correct answer is:
CH3CH=CH–Cl

Solution:
CH3CH = CH â Cl does not give ppt. with AgNO3 as AgCl will not be formed due to partial double bond character (pdch) between CâCl due to resonance.

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET
Which of the following organic solvents are alkynes soluble in?

Options:
A Water
B Ethers
C Acetone
D Ethanol

The correct answer is:
Ethers

Solution:
Alkynes are soluble in organic solvents like ethers, carbon tetrachloride, and benzene, but they are generally insoluble in water.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET
Which of the following organic solvents is highly toxic and should be used with caution?

Options:
A Water
B Benzene
C Toluene
D Carbon tetrachloride

The correct answer is:
Carbon tetrachloride

Solution:
Carbon tetrachloride is highly toxic, and caution should be exercised when using it as an organic solvent.

Topic: Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, NEET
Which of the following organism does not follow the central dogma of molecular biology?

Options:
A Mucor
B Chlamydomonas
C Bacteria
D HIV

The correct answer is:
HIV

Solution:
Central dogma commonly called an equation of life explains flow of genetic information in an organism. According to which DNA forms RNA and RNA forms proteins. In retrovirus like HIV, enzyme reverse transcriptase occurs which causes formation of DNA from RNA the process known as reverse transcription.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Which of the following organism is incorrectly paired with its life span?

Options:
A Tortoise - 100-150 years
B Crocodile - 60 years
C Butterfly - 4 weeks
D Crow - 15 years

The correct answer is:
Butterfly - 4 weeks

Solution:
Life span be defined as the period from birth to the natural death of an organism. It can vary from as short as few days to as long as a number of years. For butterfly the life span is about 1-2 weeks.

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
Which of the following organism is likely to have more concentration of D.D.T in its body?

Options:
A Herbivores
B Carnivores
C Top carnivores
D Primary producers

The correct answer is:
Top carnivores

Solution:
Organisms found in the higher trophic level show greater accumulation of pesticides due to the phenomenon of biomagnification - which defined as the gradual increase in the concentration of harmful pesticides in the food chain, with an increase in trophic level.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
Which of the following organism is not correctly matched with its respiratory organs?

Column I (Organisms)	Column II (Respiratory organs)

(a)	Earthworms	Moist cuticle

(b)	Aquatic molluscs	Gills

(c)	Frogs	Pulmonary and cutaneous respiration

(d)	Flatworms	Gills

Options:
A (a)
B (b)
C (c)
D (d)

The correct answer is:
(d)

Solution:
Organisms	Respiratory organs

Lower invertebrates such as sponges, coelenterates, flatworms	Entire or general body surface

Earthworms	Moist cuticle

Insects	The network of tubes (tracheal tubes)

Aquatic arthropods and molluscs	Gills (special vascularised structures)

Fishes	Gills

Amphibians such as frogs	Lungs and moist skin

Reptiles, birds and mammals	Lungs

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Which of the following organism is not radially symmetrical?

Options:
A Pila
B Echinus
C Cucumaria
D Ctenoplana

The correct answer is:
Pila

Solution:
Radial Symmetry: A radial animal has a top and a bottom (or an oral and aboral side), but has no head end or rear end and no left or right. Examples of animals possessing radial symmetry are: Cnidaria, Ctenophora and Echinodermata.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Which of the following organism is used to get rid of mosquitoes from the fields?

Options:
A Ladybird
B Dragonflies
C Trichoderma species of fungi
D Bacillus thuringiensis

The correct answer is:
Dragonflies

Solution:
Dragonflies are used to get rid of mosquitoes in fields. Ladybird is used to get rid of aphids. Trichoderma species of fungi are effective against many plant pathogens. Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium capable of producing a toxin, to get rid of butterfly caterpillars.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Which of the following organism is useful in the preparation of Roquefort cheese?

Options:
A Yeast
B Bacteria
C Protozoa
D Fungi

The correct answer is:
Fungi

Solution:
Roquefort is a sheep milk cheese from the southern France, Along with Bleu d'Auvergne, Stilton and Gorgonzola, it is one of the world's best known blue cheeses.
Legend has it that the cheese was discovered when a youth, eating his lunch with bread and ewes' milk cheese, saw a beautiful girl in the distance. Abandoning his meal in a nearby cave, he ran to meet her. When he returned a few months later, the mould (Penicillium roqueforti) had transformed his plain cheese into Roquefort.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Which of the following organisms are correctly paired with its life span?

Options:
A Crow - 15 years
B Butterfly - 3 weeks
C Parrot - 40 years
D Crocodile - 100-150 years

The correct answer is:
Crow - 15 years

Solution:
Butterfly - 1-2 weeks; Parrot - 140 years; Crocodile - 60 years.

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
Which of the following organisms are decomposers?

Options:
A Pteris
B Bacteria
C Saprophytic fungi
D Both (B) and (C)

The correct answer is:
Both (B) and (C)

Solution:
Decomposers are usually bacterium or fungus that breaks down dead organic matter (cells of dead plants and animals) into a simpler substances.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Which of the following organisms are known as chief producers in the oceans?

Options:
A Cyanobacteria
B Diatoms
C Dinoflagellates
D Euglenoids

The correct answer is:
Diatoms

Solution:
Diatoms are chief producers in the oceans, and they contribute to 40% of the ocean's primary productivity. They constitute a major group of unicellular eukaryotic microscopic algae and are among the most common types of phytoplanktons found floating on the surface of the seas.
The other given organisms also exhibit an autotrophic mode of nutrition, however, their productivity is lesser as compared to diatoms.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET, NEET 2018
Which of the following organisms do not show male heterogamety?

Options:
A hens
B humans
C fruit flies
D grasshoppers

The correct answer is:
hens

Solution:
In some cases, males produce two different types of gametes, (a) either with or without X-chromosome or (b) some gametes with X-chromosome and some with Y-chromosome. Such types of sex determination mechanism is designated to be the example of male heterogamety. In some other organisms, e.g., birds (like hens), a different mechanism of sex determination is observed. In this case the total number of chromosome is same in both males and females. But two different types of gametes in terms of the sex chromosomes, are produced by females, i.e., female heterogamety.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Which of the following organisms have a size of only 0.3 Âµm in length?

Options:
A Mycoplasma
B Euglenoids
C Slime moulds
D All of these

The correct answer is:
Mycoplasma

Solution:
Mycoplasmas are organisms that completely lack a cell wall. They are the smallest living cells with a size of only 0.3 Âµm in length, that can survive without oxygen. Many of them are pathogenic in plants and animals.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Which of the following organisms invaded the land first?

Options:
A Plants
B Coelcanth
C Amphibians
D Reptiles

The correct answer is:
Plants

Solution:
The first organisms that invaded land were plants. About 350 mya, the origin of jawless fishes. Fishes that have stout and strong fins could move on land and again go back to the water. Later on, amphibians evolved into reptiles that lay thick-shelled eggs that were resistant to dryness. In the next 200 million years, reptiles developed different shapes and sizes and dominated on earth.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, NEET
Which of the following organisms is an odd one out with respect to mode of nutrition?

Options:
A Gonyaulax
B Chlamydomonas
C Trypanosmona
D Nostoc

The correct answer is:
Trypanosmona

Solution:
Trypanosoma is a flagellated protozoan which is parasitic in nature. It causes diseases like Sleeping sickness. Gonyaulax is a photosynthetic dinoflagellate. Chlamydomonas is a single celled alga. Nostoc is a photosynthetic cyanobacterium.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Which of the following organisms is associated with the production of blood-cholesterol lowering agents?

Options:
A Trichoderma
B Lactobacillus
C Monascus
D Clostridium

The correct answer is:
Monascus

Solution:
Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents. It acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Which of the following organisms is composed of a single cell?

Options:
A Humans
B Plants
C Unicellular organisms
D Fish

The correct answer is:
Unicellular organisms

Solution:
Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and protozoa, are composed of a single cell.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Which of the following organisms is known to be a jawless vertebrate?

Options:
A Petromyzon
B Scoliodon
C Pristis
D Trygon

The correct answer is:
Petromyzon

Solution:
Petromyzon (Lamprey) belongs to the class Cyclostomata of phylum Chordata. Scoliodon (Dog fish), Pristis (Saw fish) and Trygon (Sting ray) belong to the class Chondricthyes of phylum Chordata.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Which of the following organisms is not included in the five Kingdom system of classification?

Options:
A Fungi
B Algae
C Lichens
D Angiosperms

The correct answer is:
Lichens

Solution:
Some acellular organisms like viruses and viroids as well as the lichens are not included in the five Kingdom system of classification. The five Kingdom system includes Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Which of the following organisms is radially symmetrical?

Options:
A Pila
B Echinus
C Cucumaria
D Both B and C

The correct answer is:
Both B and C

Solution:
Radial Symmetry: A radial animal has a top and a bottom (or an oral and aboral side), but has no head end or rear end and no left or right.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Which of the following organisms possess a skeleton made of calcium bicarbonate?

Options:
A Meandrina
B Physalia
C Adamsia
D Pennatula

The correct answer is:
Meandrina

Solution:
Corals have a skeleton made of calcium bicarbonate. They belong to the phylum Coelenterata or Cnidaria.
Physalia - Portuguese man-of-war
Adamsia - Sea anemone
Pennatula - Sea-pen
Meandrina - Brain coral

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Which of the following organisms possesses characteristics of both a plant and an animal?

Options:
A Paramecium
B Mycoplasma
C Euglena
D Bacteria

The correct answer is:
Euglena

Solution:
Euglena is a connecting link between plant and animal as it shows mixotrophic nutrition. In the presence of sunlight, it carries out photosynthesis due to pigments present in it and in absence of sunlight it carries out holozoic nutrition and engulfs small particles.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Which of the following organisms was used to establish the semi-conservative nature of DNA?

Options:
A Escherichia coli
B Neurospora crassa
C Pneumococcus
D Drosophila melanogaster

The correct answer is:
Escherichia coli

Solution:
DNA replicates semi conservatively. It was shown first in Escherichia coli and subsequently in higher organisms, such as plants and human cells. Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl performed the experiment in 1958. They grew E. coli in a medium containing 15NH4Cl (15N is the heavy isotope of nitrogen) as the only nitrogen source for many generations. The result was that 15N was incorporated into newly synthesised DNA (as well as other nitrogen-containing compounds). This heavy DNA molecule could be distinguished from the normal DNA by centrifugation in a caesium chloride (CsCl) density gradient.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Which of the following organisms will show a condition as depicted in the following diagram?

Options:
A Penicillium
B Alternaria
C Albugo
D Ustilago

The correct answer is:
Albugo

Solution:
The above diagram represents aseptate coenocytic mycelium. It is found in Phycomycetes. Members of phycomycetes are found in aquatic habitats and on decaying wood in moist and damp places or as obligate parasites on plants. Asexual reproduction takes place by zoospores (motile) or by aplanospores (non-motile). These spores are endogenously produced in sporangium. A zygospore is formed by fusion of two gametes. These gametes are similar in morphology (isogamous) or dissimilar (anisogamous or oogamous). Some common examples are Mucor, Rhizopus (the bread mould) and Albugo (the parasitic fungi on mustard).

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Which of the following organization is authorized for checking the validity of genetic research?

Options:
A National Environment Engineering Research Institute.
B US patent and Trademark office
C Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
D International Union for conservation of nature and Natural resources

The correct answer is:
Genetic Engineering Approval Committee

Solution:
GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee) is an Indian Government organisation which is authorized to make decisions on the validity of the research and the safety issues regarding the introduction of the genetically modified organisms for the public services (as food, medicine, etc).

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET
Which of the following organometallic compound is σ and π bonded?

Options:
A Feη5-C5H52]
B PtCl3η2-C2H4
C [CoCO)5NH32+
D Al(CH3)3

The correct answer is:
[CoCO)5NH32+

Solution:
As CO ligand is bonded to the metal through σ and π bonding so [CoCO)5NH32+ is a σ and π bonded complex.
Feη5-C5H52],PtCl3η2-C2H4 are pi-bonded complexes

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, NEET
Which of the following organs in mammals does not consist of a central calcium balance in the human body?

Options:
A Vitamin D
B Parathyroid hormone
C Thyrocalcitonin
D Thymosin

The correct answer is:
Thymosin

Solution:
Option (d) is the answer.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Which of the following organs in mammals does not consist of a central medullary region surrounded by a cortical region?

Options:
A Ovary
B Adrenal
C Liver
D Kidney

The correct answer is:
Liver

Solution:
Option (c) is the answer.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Which of the following organs is not a part of the limbic system?

Options:
A Amygdala
B Hippocampus
C Inner parts of cerebral hemispheres
D Cerebellum

The correct answer is:
Cerebellum

Solution:
The inner parts of cerebral hemispheres and a group of associated deep structures like the amygdala, hippocampus, etc., form a complex structure called the limbic lobe or limbic system. Along with the hypothalamus, it is involved in the regulation of sexual behaviour, expression of emotional reactions (e.g., excitement, pleasure, rage and fear), and motivation.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Which of the following outer orbital complex has the highest magnetic moment?

Options:
A [Mn(NH3)6]Cl2
B [Cr(NH3)6]Cl3
C [Ni(CO)4]
D [Co(CN)6]4-

The correct answer is:
[Mn(NH3)6]Cl2

Solution:
[Mn(NH3)6]Cl2
It is a outer orbital complex
Here n = 5 (unpaired electrons).
Magnetic moment =n(n+2)
M.M.=35 B.M.
Here [Cr(NH3)6]Cl3,[Co(CN)6]4- both have 3 unpaired electron on metal ion.
[Ni(CO)4] has no unpaired electron on Ni-atom (inner electrons get paired).

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, NEET
Which of the following oxidation states are the most characteristics for lead and tin respectively?

Options:
A $+2,+4$
B $+4,+4$
C $+2,+2$
D $+4,+2$

The correct answer is:
$+2,+4$

Solution:
The group IV elements show tetravalency due to shifting of one electrons of $n s$ to the vacant $n p$ orbital. These four orbitals give rise to four $s p^3$ hybrid orbitals. However, $\mathrm{Ge}, \mathrm{Sn}$ and $\mathrm{Pb}$, have a tendency to form divalent as well as tetravalent ions. As the inert pair effect increases from $\mathrm{Ge}$ to $\mathrm{Pb}$, the stability of tetravalent ion decreases and that of divalent ion increases. Thus, $\mathrm{Pb}^{++}$is more stable than $\mathrm{Pb}^{4+}$ and $\mathrm{Sn}^{4+}$ ions is more stable than $\mathrm{Sn}^{2+}$.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 13 & 14), NEET, NEET 2007
Which of the following oxide cannot act as a reducing agent?

Options:
A NO2
B SO2
C CO2
D ClO2

The correct answer is:
CO2

Solution:
Reduction is accompanied by an increase in oxidation number of the reducing agent. C belong to IVA so the max-O.N. is +4. In CO2 the oxidation number of C is +4, which cannot be further increased. Hence, CO2 can not act as reducing agent.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET
Which of the following oxide formed during the reaction of HNO3with P4O10?

Options:
A N2O5
B N2O3
C NO
D N2O

The correct answer is:
N2O5

Solution:
Correct Option is : 1
N2O5

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET
Which of the following oxide is amphoteric in nature?

Options:
A SnO2
B SiO2
C GeO2
D CO2

The correct answer is:
SnO2

Solution:
SnO2 - amphoteric

All other oxides are acidic in nature.

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET, NEET 2020 (Phase 2)