datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Nomenclature is governed by certain universal rules. Which one of the following is contrary to the rules of nomenclature?

Options:
A Biological names can be written in any language
B The first words in a biological name represents the genus name, and the second is a specific epithet
C The names are written in Latin and are italicized
D When written by hand, the names are to be underlined

The correct answer is:
Biological names can be written in any language

Solution:
According to the rules of ICBN and ICZN, the original names were taken from Latin languages. New names are now derived from Latin language and are written in italics. Each name is composed of two parts, the generic name and specific epithet.

Topic: Biology, The Living World, NEET, NEET 2016 (Phase 1)
Non-membranous nucleoplasmic structures in nucleus are the site for acitive synthesis of

Options:
A protein synthesis
B mRNA
C $r \mathrm{RNA}$
D tRNA

The correct answer is:
$r \mathrm{RNA}$

Solution:
Non-membranous nucleoplasmic structure in the nucleus of the cell are the site for active synthesis of rRNA. These structures are called nucleolus. Larger and more numerous nucleoli are present in the cell actively carrying out protein synthesis.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET, NEET 2019 (Odisha)
Non-polar molecule among the following is

Options:
A SF4
B BF 3 ⋅ NH 3
C PF3Cl2
D XeF4

The correct answer is:
XeF4

Solution:
As XeF4 has square planar shape the dipole moments of Xe-F bonds compensate each other and hence it is non-polar.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET
Non-sense codons participate in:

Options:
A Releasing t-RNA from polynucleotide chain
B Formation of unspecified amino acids
C Terminating message of gene-controlled protein synthesis
D Conversion of sense DNA into non-sense DNA

The correct answer is:
Terminating message of gene-controlled protein synthesis

Solution:
Out of 64 codons only 61 codons specifies amino acid. 3 codons which do not sense any amino acid are called as non sense codons. These codons does not have any anticodons. They help in terminating the process of translation by attaching release factor.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Non-stoichiometric cuprous oxide, Cu2O can be prepared in the laboratory. In this oxide, the copper to oxygen ratio is slightly less than 21. Can you account for the fact that this substance is a p-type semiconductor?

Options:
A Due to the excess of copper, there are extra electrons creating an excess of negative charge, making it a p-type semiconductor.
B Due to the excess of copper, there are extra holes creating an excess of positive charge, making it a p-type semiconductor.
C Due to the deficiency of copper, there are extra electrons creating an excess of negative charge, making it a p-type semiconductor.
D Due to the deficiency of copper, there are extra holes creating an excess of positive charge, making it a p-type semiconductor.

The correct answer is:
Due to the excess of copper, there are extra holes creating an excess of positive charge, making it a p-type semiconductor.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (B)
Due to the excess of copper, there are extra holes creating an excess of positive charge, making it a p-type semiconductor.

Topic: Chemistry, Solid State, NEET
Nor epinephrine is secreted from

Options:
A	Zona glomerulosa
B Zona fasciculata
C Zona reticularis
D Suprarenal medulla

The correct answer is:
Suprarenal medulla

Solution:
Adrenal gland is also called a suprarenal gland. Each gland consists of two parts: an inner medulla, which produces epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline and noradrenaline), and an outer cortex, that produce the steroid hormones.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Noradrenaline is a/an

Options:
A Neurotransmitter
B Antidepressant
C Antihistamine
D Antacid

The correct answer is:
Neurotransmitter

Solution:
Noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter and it belongs to catecholamine family that functions in brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET
Norepinephrine:
(i) is released by sympathetic fibers
(ii) is released by parasympathetic fibers
(iii) increases the heart rate
(iv) decreases blood pressure.
Which of the above statements are correct?

Options:
A (i) and (iii)
B (ii) and (iii)
C (ii) and (iv)
D (i) and (iv)

The correct answer is:
(i) and (iii)

Solution:
Nor epinephrine is secreted by some neurons of the sympathetic nervous system and also by adrenal medulla. It accelerates heart rate, while epinephrine is secreted by parasympathetic nervous system and decrease blood pressure. (Ref. to Fig. 14.7)
Related Theory

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET, NEET 2013 (Karnataka)
Normally algae show a haplontic life cycle. Polysiphonia and Fucus are exceptions to this rule. The correct option depicting their classes and life cycles is

Options:
A Polysiphonia is a green alga with haplo-diplontic life cycle and Fucus is a red alga with diplontic life cycle
B Polysiphonia is a green alga with a diplontic life cycle and Fucus is a red alga with haplo-diplontic life cycle
C Polysiphonia is a red alga with haplo-diplontic life cycle and Fucus is a brown alga with diplontic life cycle
D Polysiphonia is a red alga with diplontic life cycle and Fucus is a brown alga with haplo-diplontic life cycle

The correct answer is:
Polysiphonia is a red alga with haplo-diplontic life cycle and Fucus is a brown alga with diplontic life cycle

Solution:
The diplontic life cycle is a cycle in which the diploid sporophyte is the dominant, photosynthetic, independent phase of the plant. The gametophytic phase is represented by the single to the few-celled haploid gametophyte. It is seen in all seed-bearing plants gymnosperms and angiosperms. It is also seen in the brown alga Fucus.
Haplo-diplontic life cycle is a cycle in which a dominant, independent, photosynthetic, thalloid, or erect phase is represented by a haploid gametophyte, and it alternates with the short-lived, multicellular sporophyte totally or partially dependent on the gametophyte. This is seen in bryophytes, in the brown alga Ectocarpus and the red algae Polysiphonia

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Nostoc is a

Options:
A Green algae
B Yellow-green algae
C Blue-green algae
D Red algae

The correct answer is:
Blue-green algae

Solution:
It is a prokaryotic organism belonging to the phylum of cyanobacteria. They are found in various environments like soil, wet rocks, lakes, springs, and rarely marine habitats. They form colonies composed of filaments of moniliform cells in a gelatinous sheath. Paracelsus coined the name Nostoc.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Nostoc is known to perform:

Options:
A Only photosynthesis
B Photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation simultaneously
C Only nitrogen fixation
D Either photosynthesis or nitrogen fixation at a time

The correct answer is:
Photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation simultaneously

Solution:
This is because they have photosynthetic lamellae for photosynthesis and heterocyst for N2 fixation.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Notochord is

Options:
A Endodermally derived structure, formed on the dorso ventral side
B Ectodermally derived structure, formed on the dorsal side
C Mesodermally derived structure, formed on the dorsal side
D Mesodermally derived structure, formed on the ventral side

The correct answer is:
Mesodermally derived structure, formed on the dorsal side

Solution:
Notochord is derived from mesoderm and formed on the dorsal side, during embryonic development.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Now a days it is possible to detect the mutated gene causing cancer by allowing radioactive probe to hybridise its complimentary DNA in a clone of cells, followed by its detection using autoradiography because:

Options:
A Mutated gene partially appears on a photographic film
B Mutated gene completely and clearly appears on a photographic film
C Mutated gene does not appear on a photographic film as the probe has no complementarity with it
D Mutated gene does not appear on photographic film as the probe has complementarity with it

The correct answer is:
Mutated gene does not appear on a photographic film as the probe has no complementarity with it

Solution:
During cancer detection, for the presence of the mutated gene by using the autoradiographic technique, the complementary gene does not bind to the mutated gene, and hence in the photographic film, the gene is not observed, because the probe will not have the complementarity with the mutated gene.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET, NEET 2021
NPP (net primary productivity) is highest in

Options:
A Tropical region
B Polar region
C High altitude
D Deep ocean

The correct answer is:
Tropical region

Solution:
The highest net primary productivity in terrestrial environments occurs in swamps and marshes and tropical rainforests; the lowest occur in deserts. Net primary production is the rate at which all the autotrophs in an ecosystem produce net useful chemical energy. As noted, it is equal to the difference between the rate at which the plants in an ecosystem produce useful chemical energy (GPP) and the rate at which they use some of that energy during respiration. The sunlit zone of the ocean is called the photic zone (or euphotic zone). This is a relatively thin layer (10-100 m) near the ocean's surface where there is sufficient light for photosynthesis to occur. In the deep ocean, productivity is limited by availability of light.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
n–propyl bromide on treatment with ethanolic potassium hydroxide produces

Options:
A Propene
B Propane
C Propyne
D Propanol

The correct answer is:
Propene

Solution:
An alkyl halide containing at least one β−H , on treatment with ethanolic KOH, undergoes dehydrohalogenation, giving alkene.
CH 3 - CH 2 - CH 2 - Br + KOH → Ethanol CH 3 - CH = CH 2

Topic: Chemistry, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, NEET
n-propyl chloride reacts with sodium metal in dry ether to give

Options:
A CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
B CH3CH2CH3
C CH3CH2CH2CH3
D CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

The correct answer is:
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Solution:
n-propyl chloride reacts with sodium metal in dry ether and gives n-hexane. It is an example of Wurtz's reaction.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET
Nucellar embryo is

Options:
A Apomictic haploid
B Apomictic diploid
C Amphimictic haploid
D Amphimictic diploid

The correct answer is:
Apomictic diploid

Solution:
Substitution of usual sexual reproduction by a form of reproduction which does not include meiosis and syngamy is called apomixis. In this phenomenon, embryo is developed by some other tissue without fertilization, e.g., nucellus or integuments or unfertilized egg. Nucellus is a diploid tissue, so nucellar embryo is apomictic diploid.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Nucellar embryo or the embryo formed by the cells of nucellus is

Options:
A amphimictic haploid
B amphimictic diploid
C apomictic haploid
D apomictic diploid.

The correct answer is:
apomictic diploid.

Solution:
Nucellar embryo is apomictic diploid. Apomixis is a method of asexual reproduction which mimics sexual reproduction in seed formation without gametic fusion and fertilization. In this process, embryo develops from some other tissue without fertilisation e.g., nucellus or integuments or in fertilised egg. Nucellus is a diploid tissue so nucellar embryo is apomictic diploid.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Nucellar embryos are

Options:
A Amphimictic diploids
B Apomictic diploids
C Apomictic haploids
D Pentaploids

The correct answer is:
Apomictic diploids

Solution:
Apomixis is a type of asexual reproduction in which viable embryo is formed within the seed coat, without meiosis and syngamy. Apomixis includes adventive embryony in which there is a formation of embryo due to sporophytic tissue. One or more diploid sporophytic cells, either nucellus or integuments undergo stages of embryogeny and eventually develop into mature embryos.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Nucellar polyembryony is reported in species of

Options:
A Gossypium
B Triticum
C Brassica
D Citrus

The correct answer is:
Citrus

Solution:
Occurrence of more than one embro in a seed is referred as polyembryony. In many citrus and mango varieties, some of the nucellar cells surrounding the embryo sac start dividing, protrude into the embryo-sac and develop into the embryos in such species each ovule contains many embros (nucellar polyembryony).

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2011 (Screening)
Nuclear DNA exists as complex of nucleoprotein called __A__ that condenses into__B__ during __C__. These A, B, C are respectively

Options:
A Chromatids, Chromosomes, Interkinesis.
B Chromosomes, Chromatin, S-phase.
C Chromatin, Chromosome, Interphase.
D Chromatin, Chromosome, M-phase.

The correct answer is:
Chromatin, Chromosome, M-phase.

Solution:
Nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins to form chromatin which is visible during interphase of the cell cycle. During M-phase these chromatin undergoes condensation to form chromosomes. Chromosomes are distinctly visible during metaphase of cell division.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
Nuclear envelope is a derivative of:

Options:
A Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B Membrane of Golgi complex
C Microtubules
D Rough endoplasmic reticulum

The correct answer is:
Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Solution:
Rough endoplasmic reticulum form the nuclear envelop during karyokinesis. The nuclear membrane (outer) is contiguous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 1)
Nuclear membrane is absent in

Options:
A Penicillium
B Agaricus
C Volvox
D Nostoc

The correct answer is:
Nostoc

Solution:
Nostoc is a prokaryote. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane bound organelles and well organized nucleus. (i.e., nuclear envelope is absent).
Penicillium, Agaricus and Volvox are eukaryotic.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET, NEET 2012 (Screening)
Nucleated RBCs can be located in

Options:
A Rat
B Cat
C Frog
D Rabbit

The correct answer is:
Frog

Solution:
RBCs are formed in the red bone marrow in adults. RBCs are devoid of the nucleus in most of the mammals and are biconcave in shape. They have a red-colored, iron-containing complex protein called hemoglobin, hence the color and name of these cells. The circulatory system of a frog is closed and is nucleated (unlike the enucleated mammalian RBCs), elliptical-shaped, and capable of division.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Nucleic acid segment tagged with a radioactive molecule is called

Options:
A clone.
B probe.
C plasmid.
D vector.

The correct answer is:
probe.

Solution:
Stretches of single-stranded DNA used to detect the presence of complementary nucleic acid sequences by hybridization are called DNA probes. They are usually labelled with radioisotopes, epitopes, biotin or fluorophores to enable their detection. Radioactive DNA probes can be detected using autoradiography and they are used to identify mutations.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Nucleolus is:

Options:
A Rounded structure found in cytoplasm near nucleus
B Rounded structure inside nucleus and having rRNA
C Rod-shaped structure in cytoplasm near the nucleus
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Rounded structure inside nucleus and having rRNA

Solution:
Nucleolus is a rounded structure present inside nucleus, having rRNA.
First observed by Fontana in the skin cells of eel. Term nucleolus was coined by Bowman. Microscopic structure was given by Wagner.
It is associated with nucleolar organizer region of the nucleolar chromosome.
No covering membrane around nucleolus. Nucleolus has four components-amorphous matrix, granular portion, fibrillar portion and chromatin portion, Nucleolus consists of homogeneous matrix called pars amorpha. it contains scattered granules and fibrils Generally, two nucleoli are present in each cell but number may vary.
â Functions :
â It is store house of RNA.
â It produces and stores ribosomal RNA.
â It forms the units of ribosomes

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Nucleolus usually associates with chromatin (or chromosomes) at a specific site called

Options:
A Nucleolar organiser region (NOR)
B Chromosome
C Nucleoplasm
D Nuclear membrane

The correct answer is:
Nucleolar organiser region (NOR)

Solution:
Nucleolar organizer region present on chromosome helps in the reappearance of nucleolus after cell division. The number of NOR in a cell corresponds to the number of nucleoli present in the nucleus of the cell. In a human cell, NOR occurs on chromosomes 13,14,15, 21 and 22.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Nucleophiles and electrophiles are reaction intermediates having electron rich and electron deficient centres respectively. Hence, they tend to attack electron deficient and electron rich centres respectively. Classify the following species as electrophiles and nucleophiles.

Options:
A (ii),(iii),(iv) and (v) are electrophiles and (i),(vi),(vii) and (viii) are nucleophiles
B (iii),(iv) and (v) are electrophiles and (i),(ii),(vi),(vii) and (viii) are nucleophiles
C (iii) and (v) are electrophiles and (i),(ii),(iv),(vi),(vii) and (viii) are nucleophiles
D (iii),(iv),(v) and (vii) are electrophiles and (i),(ii),(vi) and (viii) are nucleophiles

The correct answer is:
(iii),(iv),(v) and (vii) are electrophiles and (i),(ii),(vi) and (viii) are nucleophiles

Solution:
Correct Option is : (D)
(iii),(iv),(v) and (vii) are electrophiles and (i),(ii),(vi) and (viii) are nucleophiles

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET
Nucleophilic addition reaction will be most favoured in:

Options:
A $\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CHO}$
B \(\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}_3 \\ \qquad \qquad \quad || \\ \qquad \qquad \quad \mathrm{O} \end{array}\)
C $\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)_2 \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}$
D $\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CHO}$

The correct answer is:
$\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CHO}$

Solution:
In aldehydes, $-\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}$ has the presence of at least one alkyl group except formaldehyde which has the $+\mathrm{I}$ effect and which decreases the positive charge of carbon, thereby making the attack of nucleophiles difficult. The nucleophilic attack becomes more difficult in ketones having a minimum of two alkyl groups. Hence, by attachment of the alkyl groups (due to the $+\mathrm{I}$ effect), the rate of nucleophilic addition decreases. Order of nucleophilic addition.
Related Theory
The carbonyl compounds undergo a nucleophilic addition reaction because oxygen is more electronegative than carbon. As such, it withdraws the shared pi electron pair towards itself and gets a partial negative charge; therefore, carbon gets a partial positive charge and becomes susceptible to a nucleophilic attack.

Topic: Chemistry, Aldehydes and Ketones, NEET, NEET 2006
Nucleophilic substitution reactions often involve the replacement of:

Options:
A A halogen atom with a halide ion
B A halide ion with a halogen atom
C A hydrogen atom with a halogen atom
D A hydrogen atom with a hydroxide ion

The correct answer is:
A halogen atom with a halide ion

Solution:
In nucleophilic substitution reactions, a nucleophile replaces a leaving group, often a halogen atom, with a halide ion.

Topic: Chemistry, Amines, NEET
Nucleosides form one of the precursor in the formation of the genetic material within the living system. What is the composition of nucleoside?

Options:
A Five carbon sugar molecule, nitrogen base only
B Six carbon sugar molecule, nitrogen base only
C Six carbon sugar molecule, nitrogen base and phosphate group only
D Five carbon sugar molecule, nitrogen base, and amino acids only

The correct answer is:
Five carbon sugar molecule, nitrogen base only

Solution:
Nucleosides are carbon compounds found in the cell which are made of 5C pentose sugar and one of the four N-bases. When to this molecule a phosphate group is attached, it is called as nucleotide. Nucleoside is generally made in the liver which is later changed to nucleotide helping in the formation of DNA and RNA. DNA forms the genetic material in the cell.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Nucleotides are building blocks of nucleic acids. Each nucleotide is a composite molecule formed by:

Options:
A base-sugar-phosphate
B base-sugar-OH
C (base-sugar-phosphate).
D sugar-phosphate.

The correct answer is:
base-sugar-phosphate

Solution:
Each nucleotide consists of, (i) a nitrogenous heterocyclic base which may be purine or pyrimidine. (ii) sugar: deoxyribose (iii) phosphate
Related Theory
Nucleoside $=$ sugar + base (via glycosidic bond)
Nucleotide $=$ Nucleoside + phosphate (via phosphodiester bond)
A Caution
$\rightarrow$ Nucleosides are the structural subunit of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA Nucleotides are building blocks of nucleic acids DNA and RNA.

Topic: Biology, Biomolecules (B), NEET, NEET 2005
Nucleus of a donor embryonal cell/ somatic cell is transferred to an enucleated egg cell. Then, after the formation of organism what will be true?

Options:
A Organism will have extranuclear genes of the donor cell.
B Organism will have extra nuclear genes of the recipient cell.
C Organism will have extra nuclear genes of both donor and recipient cells.
D Organism will have nuclear genes of the recipient cell.

The correct answer is:
Organism will have extra nuclear genes of the recipient cell.

Solution:
The organism will have extranuclear genes of recipient cell. Since the recipient cell has already been enucleated (its nucleus is removed), the organism developing from it would have the nuclear genes of donor cell.
Related Theory
The egg cell is enucleated, so the organism will only have extranuclear genes from it. These genes are present in chloroplast and mitochondria and are transmitted along the cytoplasm. This results in cytoplasmic or maternal inheritance.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET, NEET 2002
Number of a cyclic structural isomers of the compound having the molecular formula C4H10O is

Options:
A 4
B 5
C 6
D 7

The correct answer is:
7

Solution:
Acyclic isomers of C4H10O are 7 and can be given as

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
Number of π bonds and σ bonds in the following structure is

Options:
A 6, 19
B 4, 20
C 5, 19
D 5, 20

The correct answer is:
5, 20

Solution:
It has 5 π bonds and 20σ bonds.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET
Number of π bonds and σ bonds in the following structure is

Options:
A 6, 19
B 4, 20
C 5, 19
D 5, 20

The correct answer is:
5, 19

Solution:
It has 5 π bonds and 19σ bonds.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, NEET
Number of chiral carbon in $\beta-D-(+)$ glucose is:

Options:
A five
B six
C three
D four

The correct answer is:
four

Solution:
Related Theory
Cellulose is a linear polysaccharide polymer of $\beta-D$ glucose monosaccharide units. The acetal linkage is $\beta$ which makes it different from starch.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET, NEET 2004
Number of hotspots in India are

Options:
A 2
B 3
C 14
D 34

The correct answer is:
3

Solution:
Three of hotspots – Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma and Himalaya – cover India's exceptionally high biodiversity regions.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Number of isomeric alcohols of molecular formula $\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_{14} \mathrm{O}$ which give positive iodoform test is:

Options:
A three
B four
C five
D two

The correct answer is:
four

Solution:
Alcohols (formula $\mathrm{R}-\mathrm{CHOH}-$ $\mathrm{CH}_3$ ) gives iodoform test. Following isomers give positive iodoform test:

Topic: Chemistry, Aldehydes and Ketones, NEET, NEET 2013 (Karnataka)