datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
In mung bean, resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew were induced by:

Options:
A Biofortification
B Hybrid breeding
C Mutation breeding
D Conventional breeding

The correct answer is:
Mutation breeding

Solution:
Genetic variations that occur by changing the base sequence is termed mutation. Mutation can lead to formation of new character or trait not observed in the parental organism. Mutations can be induced artificially by using chemicals or radiations and then using the mutated plant with desired character in breeding to develop better variety. Such type of breeding is called mutation breeding. In mung bean, resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew were induced by mutations.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
In mutational event, when adenine is replaced by guanine. it is a case of:

Options:
A frame shift mutation
B transcription
C transition
D transversion

The correct answer is:
transition

Solution:
Point mutations are those mutations that affect a single base pair. The most common nucleotide mutations are substitutions, in which one base is replaced by another. These can be of two types, either transitions or transversions.
Transition substitution refers to a purine or pyrimidine being replaced by a base of the same kind; for example, a purine such as adenine may be replaced by the purine guanine.
Transversion substitution refers to a purine being replaced by a pyrimidine, or vice versa; for example, cytosine, a pyrimidine, is replaced by adenine, a purine.
A frameshift mutation occurs due to an insertion or deletion of a base pair that are usually not in the multiples of three. It causes the transformation of the genetic code in an unreadable format or a reading frame from the location of the mutation up till the end of the gene.
Related Theory
Once a pollen grain lands on the stigma of a flower of its same species, it sends out a
Transcription is not a mutation, but a gene regulation mechanism in which DNA forms RNA.
Related Theory
Point (substitution) mutations can either be of three types:

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET, NEET 2004
In myasthenia gravis, antibodies are formed against

Options:
A Cholinergic receptors on motor neurons
B Cholinergic receptors on motor end plate
C Acetylcholine
D Adrenergic receptors

The correct answer is:
Cholinergic receptors on motor end plate

Solution:
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder in which the neuromuscular junction is affected. "Antibodies are formed against the cholinergic receptors present on the sarcolemma of the neuromuscular junction". The symptoms include fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
In N2O , the N-N distance pertains to

Options:
A N=N bond
B N≡N bond
C N-N bond
D Intermediate of N=N and N≡N

The correct answer is:
Intermediate of N=N and N≡N

Solution:
In N2O , the N-N distance pertains to intermediate of N=N and N≡N as N2O is hybrid of following structures

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), NEET
In NH3 solution of Zn2+, Zn2+ form Zn N H 3 4 +2 In this solution, to increase the concentration of Zn2+ we are to add -

Options:
A H2O
B HCl
C NH3
D Either H2O or HCl

The correct answer is:
Either H2O or HCl

Solution:
Z n aq +2 +4N H 3 (aq) ⇌ Zn N H 3 4 aq +2 In the presence of HCl, NH3 is removed from the equilibrium, therefore, Zn2+ concentration increases

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET
In NH3 synthesis by Haber's process, what is the effect on the rate of the reaction with the addition of Mo and CO, respectively?

Options:
A Increases and decreases
B Decreases and decreases
C Decreases and increases
D Both Mo and Co increases the rate

The correct answer is:
Increases and decreases

Solution:
Here Mo is catalyst promoter and increases activity of catalyst iron so helps in increasing rate of reactions while CO is a catalyst poison so reduces or destroys catalysis power of iron and decreases rate of reaction.

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, NEET
In NPN transistor 1010 electrons enters in emitter region in 10-6 s . If 2% electrons are lost in base region then collector current and current amplification factor Î² respectively are

Options:
A 1.57 mA, 49
B 1.92 mA, 70
C 2 mA, 25
D 2.25mA, 100

The correct answer is:
1.57 mA, 49

Solution:
For given electrons
Emitter current Ie=neet
Where ne is the number of electrons enters into the emitter, e is the charge on electron and t is time.
Ie=1010×1.6×10-1910-6
Ie=1.6×10-3
Ie=1.6 mA
2% electrons are lost in base region hence base current Ib=2%×1.6×10-3 , therefore Ib=0.032 mA
Therefore Ic=Ie-Ib
Ic=1.6-0.032
Ic=1.57 mA
and the current amplification factor
β=IcIb=1.5680.032=49

Topic: Physics, Semiconductors, NEET
In NaBH4, the oxidation number of Boron is:

Options:
A -1
B +1
C +3
D -3

The correct answer is:
+3

Solution:
Correct Option is : (C)
+3

Topic: Chemistry, Redox Reactions, NEET
In NaH2PO4, the oxidation number of Phosphorus is:

Options:
A +1
B +2
C +3
D +5

The correct answer is:
+5

Solution:
Correct Option is : (D)
+5

Topic: Chemistry, Redox Reactions, NEET
In NaHSO4, the oxidation number of Sulfur is:

Options:
A -1
B +2
C +4
D +6

The correct answer is:
+4

Solution:
Correct Option is : (C)
+4

Topic: Chemistry, Redox Reactions, NEET
In natural fats, what are the esters of glycerol primarily composed of?

Options:
A Aromatic carboxylic acids
B Aliphatic carboxylic acids
C Alkanes
D Alcohols

The correct answer is:
Aliphatic carboxylic acids

Solution:
In natural fats, the esters of glycerol are primarily composed of higher members of aliphatic carboxylic acids.

Topic: Chemistry, Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, NEET
In nature, a symbiotic association is found between an algae and a fungus. Which of the following can be regarded as the correct property for this association?

Options:
A Lichens are fast growing organisms that live for a short period
B The algal component is called mycobiont and fungal component is called phycobiont
C They are pioneers of vegetation on rocks.
D They grow well in cities.

The correct answer is:
They are pioneers of vegetation on rocks.

Solution:
Lichens are symbiotic associations between algae and fungi. The autotrophic algal component is called phycobiont and the heterotrophic fungal component is called as mycobiont. Algae prepare food for fungi and fungi provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water for its partner. Lichens are very good pollution indicators - they do not grow in polluted areas and in cities. Lichens are pioneers in the xerosere type of ecological succession on barren rocks.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
In neem, the leaf is

Options:
A simple leaf.
B pinnately compound leaf.
C palmately compound leaf.
D None of these

The correct answer is:
pinnately compound leaf.

Solution:
In a pinnately compound leaf a number of leaflets are present on a common axis, the rachis, which represents the midrib of the leaf
as in neem.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
In negative electromeric effect, where are the π-electrons of the multiple bond transferred?

Options:
A To the attacking reagent
B To an atom to which the reagent gets attached
C To an atom to which the reagent does not get attached
D To both atoms in the multiple bond

The correct answer is:
To an atom to which the reagent does not get attached

Solution:
In negative electromeric effect, the π-electrons of the multiple bond are transferred to that atom to which the attacking reagent does not get attached.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
In negative operon

Options:
A Co-repressor binds with repressor
B Co-repressor does not bind with repressor
C Co-repressor binds with inducer
D cAMP have negative effect on lac operon

The correct answer is:
Co-repressor binds with repressor

Solution:
In a negative (repressible) operon, the repressor and co-repressor complex binds with the operator. The free repressor cannot bind to the operator. Immediately upstream of the three lac genes is a fourth gene that is responsible for the negative regulation of the operon. This gene expresses a protein called the lac repressor. The repressor can bind to a short sequence of the lac promoter. When repressor binds to that sequence it physically blocks access by RNA polymerase to the DNA.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
In negative operon

Options:
A Inducer binds with repressor
B Co-repressor does not bind with repressor
C Co-repressor binds with inducer
D cAMP have negative effect on lac operon

The correct answer is:
Inducer binds with repressor

Solution:
The repressor is a protein produced by the regulator gene in the operon, which binds to the operator and stops the RNA polymerase to transcribe the structural genes. Hence, the repressor acts negatively in controlling the gene expression.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
In negative resonance effect (-R effect), where does the transfer of electrons occur?

Options:
A Towards an atom or substituent group
B Away from an atom or substituent group
C Between two atoms
D Towards the nucleus

The correct answer is:
Towards an atom or substituent group

Solution:
In negative resonance effect (-R effect), the transfer of electrons is towards the atom or substituent group attached to the conjugated system.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
In nitrogen cycle, which of the following plays an important role?

Options:
A Rhizopus
B Nitrobacter
C Mucor
D Claviceps

The correct answer is:
Nitrobacter

Solution:
Nitrobacter is an N2 fixing organism, it fixes atmospheric free N2 into soluble salts like nitrites and nitrates. The fixed N2 is absorbed by plants, the N2 flows on the carnivores through the food chain. Hence, it is important for the N2 cycle.

Topic: Biology, Mineral Nutrition, NEET
In $\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$ion, number of the bond pair and the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom are:

Options:
A 2,2
B 3,1
C 1,3
D 4,0

The correct answer is:
4,0

Solution:
Nitrogen forms a coordinate bond with Oxygen as it cannot have 5 bonds. Although 2 electrons are shared in a coordinate bond, the number of bond pairs is taken to be 1. Hence the number of bond pairs are 4 and the number of lone pairs is 0 .
The valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model relies on the idea that electron pairs repel each other. This causes bonding and lone pair electrons to stay as far away from each other as possible. The electron pair repulsion gives rise to geometry of the molecules and compounds.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, NEET, NEET 2002
In NO₃⁻ (nitrate ion), the oxidation number of nitrogen is:

Options:
A -1
B +1
C +2
D +5

The correct answer is:
+5

Solution:
Correct Option is : (D)
+5

Topic: Chemistry, Redox Reactions, NEET
In non-uniform circular motion, the ratio of tangential to radial acceleration is (r=radius of the circle, u= speed of the particle, α= angular acceleration)

Options:
A α2r2u
B α2r u2
C α r 2 u 2
D u2r2α

The correct answer is:
α r 2 u 2

Solution:
Tangential acceleration =Î±r
Radial acceleration = u 2 r
Ratio = Î±r u 2 /r = Î± r 2 u 2

Topic: Physics, Laws of Motion, NEET
In n-p-n transistor circuit, the collector current is 20 mA. If 90% of the electrons emitted reach the collector, then the

Options:
A Emitter current will be about 16 mA
B Emitter current will be 19Â mA
C Base current will be about 2 mA
D Base current will be about 10Â mA

The correct answer is:
Base current will be about 2 mA

Solution:
Given, IC=20 mA
90100IE=20
IE=20Ã10090
IB=10100Ã20Ã10090
=2.22
â2 mA

Topic: Physics, Semiconductors, NEET
In nucleic acid, corresponding nucleotides are linked together by -

Options:
A C′ phosphodiester bond
B C2′-C5′ phosphodiester bond
C C3′-C5′ phosphodiester bond
D C4′-C5′ peptide linkage

The correct answer is:
C3′-C5′ phosphodiester bond

Solution:
Nucleic acid is polymer of nucleotides in which corresponding nucleotides are linked together by C3′-C5′ phosphodiester bond.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
In nucleophilic substitution reactions, nucleophiles are:

Options:
A Electron-deficient species
B Electron-neutral species
C Electron-rich species
D Electrophilic species

The correct answer is:
Electron-rich species

Solution:
Nucleophiles are electron-rich species that attack electron-deficient parts of a molecule.

Topic: Chemistry, Amines, NEET
In nucleosides, how are the sugar carbons typically numbered?

Options:
A 1, 2, 3, etc.
B α, β, γ, etc.
C A, B, C, etc.
D X, Y, Z, etc.

The correct answer is:
1, 2, 3, etc.

Solution:
The sugar carbons in nucleosides are typically numbered as 1¢, 2¢, 3¢, etc.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
In octahedral coordination entities, why do some d orbitals experience more repulsion than others?

Options:
A Because ligands have no effect on d orbital energies in octahedral complexes.
B Because ligands strengthen the bonding of d orbitals in octahedral complexes.
C Because the direction of metal d orbitals affects their repulsion with ligands.
D Because the metal-ligand bond in octahedral complexes is purely covalent.

The correct answer is:
Because the direction of metal d orbitals affects their repulsion with ligands.

Solution:
In octahedral coordination entities, the direction of metal d orbitals relative to ligands affects the repulsion between them, leading to energy changes in the d orbitals.

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, NEET
In octahedral crystal field, the t2g orbitals are

Options:
A Raised in energy by 0.4 Δ0
B Lowered in energy by 0.4 Δ0
C Raised in energy by 0.6 Δ0
D Lowered in energy by 0.6 Δ0

The correct answer is:
Lowered in energy by 0.4 Δ0

Solution:
In a octahedral crystal field, t2g orbitals are lowered in energy by 0.4Δ0 .

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, NEET
In one litre container, ethyl acetate is formed by the reaction between ethanol and acetic acid and the equilibrium is represented as

CH 3 COOH l⁡ + C 2 H 5 OH l⁡ ⇌ C H 3 COOC 2 H 5 l⁡ + H 2 O l⁡

At 293 K, if one starts with 1.00 mole of acetic acid and 0.18 mole of ethanol, there is 0.171 mole of ethyl acetate in the final equilibrium mixture. Calculate the equilibrium constant.

Options:
A Kc = 3.92
B Kc = 2.56
C Kc = 4.89
D Kc = 6.23

The correct answer is:
Kc = 3.92

Solution:
CH 3 COOH lâ¡ + C 2 H 5 OH lâ¡ â C H 3 COOC 2 H 5 lâ¡ + H 2 O lâ¡ Initial conc. 1.00 mol 0.180 mol 0 0 Equili. conc. (1 - x) mol (0.180 - x) mol x mol x mol
Given,[CH3COOC2H5]equilibrium = 0.171 mol = x
K c = CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 H 2 O CH 3 COOH C 2 H 5 OH
K c = 0.171 Ã 0.171 1 - 0.171 Ã 0.180 - 0.171
K c = 0.171 Ã 0.171 0.829 Ã 0.009 = 3.919 â 3.92

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Equilibrium, NEET
In one molal solution that contains 0.5 mole of a solute, there is

Options:
A 500 g of solvent
B 100 mL of solvent
C 1000 g of solvent
D 500 mL of solvent

The correct answer is:
500 g of solvent

Solution:
Molality =nsoluteMass of Solvent (kg)

Mass of solvent =nsoluteMolality

Mass of solvent =0.51=0.5 kg or 500 gm.

Topic: Chemistry, Solutions, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 1)
In oocytes of some vertebrates, the meiotic phase that lasts for months or years is _______

Options:
A Leptotene
B Zygotene
C Pachytene
D Diplotene

The correct answer is:
Diplotene

Solution:
Diplotene is of longest duration in meiosis. In some vertebrates, cell gets arrested in diplotene for long duration. In some egg laying birds, in diplotene synthesis of yolk protein takes place.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
In oogamy, fertilization involves

Options:
A A small non- motile female gamete and a large motile male gamete
B A large non-motile female gamete and a small motile male gamete
C A large non- motile female gamete and a small non-motile male gamete
D A large motile female gamete and a small non-motile male gamete.

The correct answer is:
A large non-motile female gamete and a small motile male gamete

Solution:
Oogamy is the sexual reproduction involving the formation and subsequent fusion of a large, usually stationary, female gamete and a small motile male gamete. The female gamete may contain nourishment for the development of the embryo, which is often retained and protected by the parent organism.

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
In operon concept, regulator gene functions as:

Options:
A Repressor
B Regulator
C Inhibitor
D All of these

The correct answer is:
All of these

Solution:
An operon consists of a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter. It possesses an operator, a promoter, a regulator and structural genes.
The regulator gene produces repressor protein which binds to the operator and thus inhibits the transcription of the structural genes (repressor).
It also regulates the transcription of the structural genes (regulator).
The product of the regulator gene is an inhibitor that keeps the operon model turned off.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
In optical isomerism, which direction does the dextro (d) form rotate the plane of polarized light?

Options:
A To the left
B It does not rotate
C To the right
D In a circular motion

The correct answer is:
To the right

Solution:
The dextro (d) form in optical isomerism rotates the plane of polarized light to the right.

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, NEET
In order for the human population to achieve zero population growth, which of the following must occur?

Options:
A There must be more post reproductive individuals than reproductive individuals
B There must be more prereproductive than reproductive individuals
C There must be the same number or fewer prereproductive individuals as there are reproductive individuals
D All of the above

The correct answer is:
There must be the same number or fewer prereproductive individuals as there are reproductive individuals

Solution:
Zero population is the condition where the birth rate and the death rate are equal. The population in this stage is stabilized. To achieve such condition the pre-reproductive individuals count must either equal or less than the reproductive individuals. If the post reproductive members are more than reproductive it is a declining population having death rate higher than birth rate.
If the reproductive members are fewer than pre-reproductive members, the population will not be rising as again death rate is higher than birth rate.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
In order to control the environmental pollution the government of India has passed which act?

Options:
A Environment prevention act
B Atmosphere protection act
C Earth protection act
D Environment protection act

The correct answer is:
Environment protection act

Solution:
The government of India has passed the environment protection act,1986 to protect and improve the quality of our environment.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
In order to find out the different types of gametes produced by a pea plant having the genotype $\mathrm{AaBb}$ it should be crossed to a plant with the genotype:

Options:
A AABB
B $\mathrm{AaBb}$
C aabb
D aaBB.

The correct answer is:
aabb

Solution:
A test cross is an experimental cross of an individual organism of dominant phenotype but unknown genotype and an organism with a homozygous recessive genotype (and phenotype). It determines whether the individual with dominant phenotype is homozygous dominant or heterozygous dominant, by determining its genotype.
Related Theory
The purpose of the test cross is to determine the genetic makeup of the dominant organism. Mendel wanted to do this so that he could be sure he was working with a dominant organism which was homozygous, or contained only dominant alleles. However, the phenotype alone doesn't not tell you the genotype of an organism.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET, NEET 2005
In order to increase the yield of sugarcane crop, which of the following plant growth regulators should be sprayed?

Options:
A Ethylene
B Auxins
C Gibberellins
D Cytokinins

The correct answer is:
Gibberellins

Solution:
In order to increase the yield of sugarcane crop, gibberellins should be sprayed. Sugarcane stores carbohydrates as sugar in their stems. Spraying sugarcane crop with gibberellins increases the length of the stem, thus increasing the yield by as much as 20 tonnes per acre.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET, NEET 2019 (Odisha)
In order to isolate the DNA from a suspension of Bacillus subtilis, which of the following enzymes will be required to break open the cells?

Options:
A Cellulase
B Lysozyme
C Chitinase
D Ribonuclease

The correct answer is:
Lysozyme

Solution:
In order to cut the DNA with restriction enzymes, it needs to be in pure form, free from other macro-molecules. Since the DNA is enclosed within the membranes, we have to break the cell open to release DNA along with other macromolecules such as RNA, proteins, polysaccharides and also lipids. This can be achieved by treating the bacterial cells/plant or animal tissue with enzymes such as lysozyme (bacteria), cellulase (plant cells), chitinase (fungus).

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
In order to measure the period of a simple pendulum using a stop clock, a student repeated the experiment for 10 times and noted down the time period for each experiment as 5.1, 5.0, 4.9, 5.1, 5.0, 4.9, 5.1, 5.0, 4.9 s. The correct way of expressing the result for the period is

Options:
A 4.99 s
B 5.0Â s
C 5.00Â s
D 4.9Â s

The correct answer is:
5.0 s

Solution:
Mean =âxifi10=4.9Ã4+5.0Ã3+5.1Ã310=4.99 s
Which can be round off to 5.0 s correct to two significant figures.

Topic: Physics, Units and Dimensions, NEET
In order to obtain virus-free plants through tissue culture the best method is:

Options:
A meristem culture
B protoplast culture
C embryo rescue
D anther culture

The correct answer is:
meristem culture

Solution:
The virus infected plants only the meristematic cells of the apical dome are devoid of virus. Therefore, by using shoot apical meristem culture, virus free plants can be raised.
Related Theory
In the meristem there is no cells differentiation. Virus can't move from cell to cell through plasmodesmesta using their Movement protein.
Meristematic cells are considered as virus free because:
(1) Meristematic cells have high multiplication rate than viral cell multiplication rates.
(2) Viruses generally move in plant body through vascular bundles. There is the absence of vascular bundles in meristematic regions.
(3) High auxin concentration and cytokinin concentration and low pH value at which viruses could not survive.
(4) High metabolic activity.
(5) RNA silencing mechanism. According to some findings, it has been hypothesized that the defense systems in meristematic regions treat viruses as foreign particles thus prevent the viruses into the meristematic regions.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET, NEET 2006
In order to obtain virus-free plants through tissue culture, the best method is

Options:
A Embryo rescue
B Anther culture
C Meristem culture
D Protoplast culture

The correct answer is:
Meristem culture

Solution:
Meristem culture is done for the development of virus-free plants. Meristematic tissue can be taken either from a shoot or root tip.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
In order to raise a mass of 100 kg a man of mass, 60 kg fastens a rope to it and passes the rope over a smooth pulley. He climbs the rope with an acceleration 5g4 relative to the rope. The tension in the rope is near to (take g=10 m s-2)

Options:
A 1432 N
B 928 N
C 1218 N
D 642 N

The correct answer is:
1218 N

Solution:
assume block of mass 100 kg is moving upward with acceleration a with respect to ground and tension in the rope is T. Then,

for man

T-60g=605g4-a .......(1) ( ∵ man is climbing on the rope with acceleration 5g4 )

for block

T-100g=100a ......(2)

solving equation (1) and (2)

T=1218.7 N ≈1218 N

Topic: Physics, Laws of Motion, NEET