datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Assertion : In a string wave, during reflection from fix boundary, the reflected waves is inverted.
Reason : The force on string by clmap is in downward direction while string is pulling the clamp in upward direction.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Solution:
No Solution Available

Topic: Physics, Waves and Sound, AIIMS, AIIMS 2018 (26 May)
Assertion : In mammals the female secondary sexual characters are developed by gonadotropins.
Reason : Gonadotropins are secreted by graafian follicle.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
C If assertion is true but reason is false
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are false.

Solution:
The female secondary sexual characters are developed by estrogens. Estrogens are steroid hormones secreted by growing ovarian follicles. It includes estradiol, estriol and estrone. This hormone is responsible for the development of female secondary sexual and accessory characters. In humans it is also formed in the adrenal cortex, testis and foetoplacental unit. Gonadotrophic hormones (LH and FSH) are secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary gland. $\mathrm{LH}$ is responsible for ovulation and transforms graafian follicle into corpus luteum and FSH stimulates spermatogenesis and maturation of graafian follicle and secretion of estrogen in ovaries.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, AIIMS, AIIMS 2008
Assertion: In the relation \(f=\frac{1}{2 l} \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}}\), where symbols have standard meaning, \(\mu\) represent linear mass density.
Reason : The frequency has the dimensions of inverse of time.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
C If assertion is true but reason is false
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion

Solution:
From, $f=\frac{1}{2 l} \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}}, f^2=\frac{T}{4 l^2 \mu}$
or, $\begin{aligned} \mu & =\frac{T}{4 l^2 f^2}=\frac{\left[\mathrm{MLT}^{-2}\right]}{\mathrm{L}^2 \mathrm{~T}^{-2}}=\frac{\mathrm{M}}{\mathrm{L}} \\ & =\frac{\text { Mass }}{\text { length }}=\text { linear mass density. }\end{aligned}$

Topic: Physics, Units and Dimensions, AIIMS, AIIMS 2008
Assertion : In tropical rain forests, O-horizon and A-horizon of soil profile are shallow and nutrient-poor.
Reason : Excessive growth of micro-organisms in the soil depletes its organic content.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion
C If assertion is true, but reason is false
D Both assertion and reason are false statements.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion

Solution:
A cross section of well developed soil shows more or less distinct layers called horizons. Ohorizon is the topmost layer of soil and A-horizon comes below O horizon. In the topmost layer, vegetation grows and various biological activities takes place. Tropical rain forests are found in tropical zone of the world and are characterized by very high temperature and abundance of rainfall. Soil in these area are red latosols and are exceedingly thick. Leaching of minerals from the top soil occurs rapidly but cycling of nutrients also occur here. The laterite soils are generally infertile because of intensive leaching and not due to growth of micro-organism.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, AIIMS, AIIMS 2006
$$
\text { Assertion : }
$$
is 3-carbethoxy- 2-butenoic acid.
Reason : Principal functional group gets lowest number followed by double bond or triple bond.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
C If assertion is true but reason is false
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion

Solution:
Here since $-\mathrm{COOH}$ is the principal functional group, it gets the lowest number than the secondary functional group (3-carbethoxy). So it is 3-carbethoxy-2-butenoic acid.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, AIIMS, AIIMS 2010
Assertion: $\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7$ is used as primary standard in volumetric analysis.
Reason : It has a good solubility in water.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B Ifboth assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If assertion is true but reason is false.

Solution:
$\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7$ is less soluble in water. It can be found in pure state and can be accurately weighed. It is not hygroscopic in nature. So, $\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7$ is used as a primary standard solution.

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, AIIMS, AIIMS 2015
Assertion : $\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7$ is used as primary standard in volumetric analysis.
Reason : It has a good solubility in water.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion
C If assertion is true, but reason is false
D Both assertion and reason are false statements.

The correct answer is:
If assertion is true, but reason is false

Solution:
$\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7$ is less soluble in water. $\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7$ can be found in pure state and can be accurately weighed. It is not hygroscopic in nature. So $\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{O}_7$ is used as a primary standard solution.

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, AIIMS, AIIMS 2006
Assertion : Net primary productivity is gross primary productivity minus respiration.
Reason : Secondary productivity is produced by heterotrophs.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

Solution:
Net primary productivity is the rate of organic matter built up or stored by producers in their bodies in a unit area/volume per unit time. Net productivity is equal to gross primary productivity minus loss due to respiration and other reasons. Rate of increase in energy containing organic matter or biomass by heterotrophs or consumers per unit time and area is known as secondary productivity.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, AIIMS, AIIMS 2018 (27 May)
Assertion : No secondary growth takes place in monocots.
Reason : Secondary growth is not related with cambium.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B Ifboth assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If assertion is true but reason is false.

Solution:
Secondary growth is the growth in thickness due to the formation of secondary tissues by lateral meristems. With the exception of some annuals, most of the dicots and gymnosperms show secondary growth in their stems and roots. It takes place by the production of two types of secondary tissues : secondary vascular tissues and periderm. These tissues are formed by meristems, vascular cambium and cork cambium respectively. Secondary growth does not occur in monocots because monocots do not possess vascular cambium in between the vascular bundles.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, AIIMS, AIIMS 2015
Assertion : Ohm's law is applicable for all conducting elements.
Reason : Ohm's law is a fundamental law.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
C If assertion is true but reason is false
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are false.

Solution:
Both the assertion and reason are false. Ohms law is obeyed by metals for a certain range of temperature, not obeyed by superconductors, valves, diodes and semiconductors. It is not a universal law but it is purely empirical.

Topic: Physics, Current Electricity, AIIMS, AIIMS 2007
Assertion : One atomic mass unit is defined as one twelfth of the mass of one carbon$-12$ atom.
Reason : Carbon$-12$ isotope is the most abundant isotope of carbon and has been chosen as standard.

Options:
A
If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

B
If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

C
If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.

D
If the Assertion is incorrect but the Reason is correct.

The correct answer is:
If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Solution:
One atomic mass unit is defined as a mass exactly equal to one-twelfth of the mass of one carbon$-12$ atom. Carbon$- 12$ has been choosen as standard as it is most abundant isotope of carbon.

Topic: Chemistry, Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
Assertion : Red algae contribute in producing coral reefs.
Reason: Some red algae secrete and deposit calcium carbonate over their walls.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Solution:
Coral reefs are formed through the accumulation of calcareous exoskeletons of coral animals, calcareous red algae and molluscs. They form the foundation of reefs by secreting a calcium carbonate skeleton that provides protection for the coral polyps.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, AIIMS, AIIMS 2018 (26 May)
Assertion : Red algae contribute in producing coral reefs.
Reason : Some red algae secrete and deposit calcium carbonate over their walls.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
C If assertion is true but reason is false
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion

Solution:
In some species of red algae called coralline algae, the cell walls become hardened with calcium carbonate. These algae hence important for the formation of coral reefs.
Coral reefs are formed through the accumulation of calcareous exoskeletons of coral animals, calcareous red algae and molluses. They form the foundation of reefs by secreting a calcium carbonate skeleton that provides protection for the coral polyps. Calcium carbonate is secreted continuously by the coral colony.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, AIIMS, AIIMS 2004
Assertion : Secondary air pollutants are formed by interaction among the primary pollutants and are more toxic.
Reason: DDT is a secondary air pollutant.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If assertion is true but reason is false.

Solution:
Secondary air pollutants are produced photo-chemically from primary pollutants. Smog, photochemical smog, ozone and PAN all are secondary air pollutants. DDT is a primary soil pollutant.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, AIIMS, AIIMS 2014
Assertion: Secondary metabolites are produced in small quantities and their extraction from the plant is difficult and expensive.
Reason : Secondary metabolites can be commercially produced by using tissue culture technique.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

Solution:
Secondary metabolites are biosynthetically derived from primary metabolites but more limited in distribution in plant kingdom, being restricted to a particular taxonomic group. Secondary metabolites are accumulated by plants in smaller quantities as compared to primary metabolites. Also, they are synthesised in specialised cell types at distinct developmental stages, making their extraction and purification difficult and expensive. By the culture media using tissue culture techniques, secondary metabolites can be produced on a large scale.

Topic: Biology, Biomolecules (B), AIIMS, AIIMS 2017
Assertion : Secondary metabolites are produced in small quantities and their extraction from the plant is difficult and expensive.
Reason: Secondary metabolites can be commercially produced by using tissue culture technique.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B Ifboth assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
Ifboth assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

Solution:
Secondary metabolites are biosynthetically derived from primary metabolites but more limited in distribution in plant kingdom, being restricted to a particular taxonomic group. Secondary metabolites are accumulated by plants in smaller quantities than are primary metabolites. Also, they are synthesised in specialised cell types and at distinct developmental stages, making their extraction and purification difficult and expensive. By the culture media using tissue culture techniques, secondary metabolites can be produced on a large scale.

Topic: Biology, Biomolecules (B), AIIMS, AIIMS 2015
Assertion Standard boiling point of a liquid is slightly higher than the normal boiling point.
Reason I bar pressure is slightly less than I atm pressure.

Options:
A Assertion and Reason are correct statements and reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
B Assertion and Reason are correct statements and Reason is not the explanation for Assertion.
C Assertion is correct, Reason is incorrect.
D Assertion is incorrect, Reason is correct.

The correct answer is:
Assertion is incorrect, Reason is correct.

Solution:
Assertion It is incorrect because standard boiling point (b.p. at 1 bar pressure) of a liquid is slightly lower than the normal boiling point (b.p. at \(1 \mathrm{~atm}\) pressure). It is because 1 bar pressure is slightly lower than \(1 \mathrm{~atm}\) pressure.
Reason It is correct because \(1 \mathrm{~atm}=1.01325\) bar.
Since, Assertion is incorrect, Reason is correct.

Topic: Chemistry, Solutions, AP EAMCET, AP EAMCET 2020 (18 Sep Shift 1)
Assertion : Standard optical diffraction gratings cannot be used for discriminating between different $\mathrm{X}$-ray wavelengths.
Reason : The grating spacing is not of the order of $\mathrm{X}$-ray wavelengths.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion
C If assertion is true, but reason is false
D Both assertion and reason are false statements.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion

Solution:
No Solution Available

Topic: Physics, Electromagnetic Waves, AIIMS, AIIMS 2006
Assertion : The Coulomb force is dominating force in the universe.
Reason : The Coulomb force is weaker than the gravitational force.

Options:
A if both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion
B if both assertion and reason are true and the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion
C if assertion is true but reason is false
D if both assertion and reason are false statements.

The correct answer is:
if both assertion and reason are false statements.

Solution:
The dominating force in the universe is the gravitational force. Because the gravitational force of attraction exists between any two bodies in the universe. Moreover it is the weakest of all the four fundamental forces in nature.

Topic: Physics, Electrostatics, AIIMS, AIIMS 2003
Assertion : The distance between the points $p\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)$ and $p\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right)$ on the hyperbola $9 x^2+16 y^2=9$ is
$$
\frac{1}{2 \sqrt{2}} \sqrt{66-33 \sqrt{2}-9 \sqrt{3}}
$$
Reason : $x=a \cosh t, y=b \sin \mathrm{h} t$ are the parametric equations of the hyperbola $\frac{x^2}{a^2}-\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1$
The correct option among the following is

Options:
A (A) is true, (R) is true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A)
B (A) is true, (R) is true but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A)
C (A) is true but (R) is false
D (A) is false but (R) is true

The correct answer is:
(A) is true but (R) is false

Solution:
Given equation of hyper bola is $9 x^2+16 y^2=9$ which is not in the standard form of hyper bola. Equation of hyperbola should be $9 x^2-16 y^2=9$
$\frac{x^2}{(1)^2}-\frac{y^2}{\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^2}=1$
So, $a=1$ and $b=\frac{3}{4}$.
$$
\text { Point } \begin{aligned}
\mathrm{P}\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) & =(\mathrm{a} \sec \theta, \mathrm{b} \tan \theta) \\
& =\left(1 \sec \left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right), \frac{3}{4} \tan \frac{\pi}{4}\right) \\
& =\left(\sqrt{2}, \frac{3}{4}\right)
\end{aligned}
$$
Point $\mathrm{P}\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right)=(\mathrm{a} \sec \theta, \mathrm{b} \tan \theta)$
$$
\begin{aligned}
& =\left(1 \sec \left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right), \frac{3}{4} \tan \left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right)\right) \\
& =\left(2, \frac{3}{4} \sqrt{3}\right)
\end{aligned}
$$
$$
\begin{aligned}
& \text { Required distance } \mathrm{D}=\sqrt{(2-\sqrt{2})^2+\left(\frac{3}{4} \sqrt{3}-\frac{3}{4}\right)^2} \\
& \qquad \begin{aligned}
\mathrm{D} & =\sqrt{4+2-4 \sqrt{2}+\frac{27}{16}+\frac{9}{16}-\frac{18}{16} \sqrt{3}} \\
\mathrm{D} & =\sqrt{\frac{132-64 \sqrt{2}-18 \sqrt{3}}{16}}
\end{aligned}
\end{aligned}
$$
$$
\mathrm{D}=\frac{1}{2 \sqrt{2}} \sqrt{66-32 \sqrt{2}-9 \sqrt{3}}
$$
So, Asseration is true but Reason of the parametric equation of hyperbola is incorrect because $\mathrm{x}=\operatorname{asec} \theta$ and $\mathrm{y}=$ $\mathrm{b} \tan \theta$.
So, option (c) is correct

Topic: Mathematics, Hyperbola, TS EAMCET, TS EAMCET 2022 (20 Jul Shift 1)
Assertion : The fundamental frequency of an open organ pipe increases as the temperature is increased.
Reason : This is because as the temperature increases, the velocity of sound increases more rapidly than length of the pipe.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B Ifboth assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Solution:
No Solution Available

Topic: Physics, Waves and Sound, AIIMS, AIIMS 2015
Assertion : Transistor can be used as a switch.
Reason: Both linear and non-linear voltage bias dependance occurs in it.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

Solution:
The transistor can be used as a switch, amplifier and oscillator.

Topic: Physics, Semiconductors, AIIMS, AIIMS 2011
Assertion : We use a thick wire in the secondary of a step down transformer to reduce the production heat.
Reason : When the plane of the armature is parallel to the line of force of magnetic field, the magnitude of induced e.m.f. is maximum.

Options:
A If both the assertion and reason are true and reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but assertion is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
C If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true but assertion is not a correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution:
A step-down transformer converts electrical energy from a high voltage to one at a low voltage. Accordingly the current in the secondary will be larger than that in the primary. In order to produce less heat in the secondary, we use a wire of lesser resistance i.e. thick wire. We also know that when the plane of the armature is parallel to the lines of force of magnetic field, the rate of change of magnetic flux linked with it is maximum. Therefore the e.m.f. induced in the armature in this orientation is maximum.

Topic: Physics, Alternating Current, AIIMS, AIIMS 2002
Assume that, the drag force on a football depends only on the density of the air, velocity of the ball and the cross-sectional area of the ball. Balls of different sizes but the same density are dropped in an air column. The terminal velocity reached by balls of masses 250 g and 125 g are in the ratio

Options:
A 21/6
B 21/3
C 21/2
D 22/3

The correct answer is:
21/6

Solution:
Given, drag force Fd depends on air density σ, velocity of ball v and area of cross-section of ball A.
∴Fd∝σavbAc

Substituting dimensions of different physical quantities, we have
MLT-2=ML-3aLT-1b L2c

Equating dimensions of fundamental quantities, we have

a=1....i

-3a+b+2c=1....ii

-b=-2⇒b=2....iii

Putting the values of a and b in Eq (ii), we get

⇒-3×1+2+2c=1⇒c=1

∵a=1,b=2,c=1

So, drag force on football is

Fd=k·σ·v2·A

When football reaches terminal speed, its weight is balanced by drag force.

⇒mg=Fd

⇒mg=kσvT2A

where, uT=terminal speed of football.

⇒mg=kσvT2πR2

⇒mg=kσuT2πm43πρ23

[ from m=43πR3ρ where ρ= density of football]

⇒vT∝m1/6

⇒v1v2=m1m216=25012516=21/6

Topic: Physics, Units and Dimensions, KVPY, KVPY 2018 (SB/SX)