datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Select the correct statement from the following

Options:
A Biogas is produced by the activity of aerobic bacteria on animal waste
B Methanobacterium is an aerobic bacterium found in rumen of cattle
C Biogas, commonly called gobar gas, is pure methane
D Activated sludge-sediment in settlement tanks of sewage treatment plant is a right source of aerobic bacteria

The correct answer is:
Activated sludge-sediment in settlement tanks of sewage treatment plant is a right source of aerobic bacteria

Solution:
Activated sludge is a process dealing with the treatment of sewage and industrial wastewaters. Atmospheric air or pure oxygen is introduced to a mixture of primary treated or screened sewage (or industrial waste water) combined with organisms to develop a biological flock, which reduces the organic content of the sewage. Sediment in settlement tanks of sewage treatment plant is a rich source of aerobic bacteria because small amounts are used as inoculum in secondary treatment or biological treatment stage of sewage treatment.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET, NEET 2010 (Screening)
Select the correct statement with respect to satellite.

Options:
A They are non-staining secondary constriction.
B They are non-staining primary constriction.
C They are staining secondary constriction.
D They are staining primary constriction.

The correct answer is:
They are non-staining secondary constriction.

Solution:
Sometimes a few chromosomes have non-staining secondary constrictions at a constant location. This gives the appearance of a small fragment called the satellite or trabant.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Select the correct statements among the following.

Options:
A Polluted water bodies usually have a very high abundance of plants like Nostoc and Oscillitoria.
B Diatoms are also called as ‘pearls of the ocean’
C Neurospora - an ascomycetes fungus has been used as a biological tool
D All the statement are correct

The correct answer is:
All the statement are correct

Solution:
Neurospora - an ascomycetes fungus has been used as a biological tool to understand the mechanism of plant genetics. Diatoms are majorly phytoplankton which are the chief producers of the ocean. Hence known as “pearls of oceans”. Polluted water bodies are rich in nutrients especially in nitrogen content which provides favourable condition to algae like Nostoc and Oscillotoria to bloom in the water bodies.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Select the correct statements from the following :

A. Atoms of all elements are composed of two fundamental particles.
B. The mass of the electron is 9.10939 × 10-31 kg.
C. All the isotopes of a given element show same chemical properties.
D. Protons and electrons are collectively known as nucleons.
E. Dalton's atomic theory, regarded the atom as an ultimate particle of matter.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Options:
A B, C and E only
B A, B and C only
C C, D and E only
D A and E only

The correct answer is:
B, C and E only

Solution:
Atoms of all elements are composed of three fundamental particles protons, neutrons and electrons. The mass of the electron is 9.10939 × 10-31 kg. All isotopes have same atomic number, which means they have the same number of electrons. So, they bear similar chemical properties. Protons and neutrons are collectively known as nucleons. According to Dalton's atomic theory, all matter is made of atoms, which are indivisible. All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties. Compounds are combinations of two or more different types of atoms.

Topic: Chemistry, Structure of Atom, NEET, NEET 2023 (All India)
Select the correct statements(s).

Options:
A $\mathrm{LiAlH}_{4}$ reduces methyl cyanide to methyl amine
B Alkane nitrile has electrophilic as well as nucleophilic centres
C saponification is a reversible reaction
D Alkaline hydrolysis of methane nitrile forms methanoic acids

The correct answer is:
Alkane nitrile has electrophilic as well as nucleophilic centres

Solution:

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, VITEEE, VITEEE 2013
Select the correct third enthalpy order for the following elements.

Options:
A Mn
B Co
C Fe
D Cr

The correct answer is:
Fe

Solution:
Correct Option is : 3
Fe

Looking for more such questions to practice?

Download the MARKS App - The ultimate prep app for IIT JEE &
NEET with chapter-wise PYQs, revision notes, formula sheets,
custom tests & much more.

Use on iOS or Desktop Download from Google Play

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET
Select the correctly matched pair among the following.

Options:
A Solanaceae - Pulses
B Fabaceae - Pea
C Brassicaceae - Wheat
D Leguminosae - Sunflower

The correct answer is:
Fabaceae - Pea

Solution:
Pea plant belongs to the Fabaceae family characterized by a zygomorphic, bisexual flower with five sepals (gamosepalous), imbricate aestivation, five petals (polypetalous), papilionaceous, consisting of a posterior standard, two lateral wings, two anterior ones forming a keel (enclosing stamens and pistil), vexillary aestivation. The androecium is ten, diadelphous, with dithecous anther. Gynoecium with the superior ovary, monocarpellary, unilocular with many ovules, and a single style. Leguminous fruit: legume with one too many non-endospermic seeds.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the incorrect match.

Options:
A

Seminiferous tubules	Each lobule contains one to three highly coiled seminiferous tubules in which sperms are produced. These open into the vasa efferentia through rete testis.

B

Fallopian tube	The fallopian tube is about 10-12 cm long and extends from the periphery of each ovary to the uterus. The oviducts (fallopian tubes), uterus and vagina constitute the female accessory ducts.

C

Semen	At least 60% sperms must have normal shape and size and for at least 40% of them must show vigorous motility. The seminal plasma along with the sperms constitute the semen.

D

Secondary ovarian follicle	Primary follicles get surrounded by more layers of granulosa cells to become secondary follicles. In the secondary ovarian follicle, the theca layer is organised into an inner theca interna and an outer theca externa.

The correct answer is:

Secondary ovarian follicle	Primary follicles get surrounded by more layers of granulosa cells to become secondary follicles. In the secondary ovarian follicle, the theca layer is organised into an inner theca interna and an outer theca externa.

Solution:
Primary follicles are converted to secondary follicles by getting surrounded by a few more layers of granulosa cells and a new theca. This is an undifferentiated theca. Following changes occur in the secondary follicle after which it is immediately converted to tertiary follicle:
A. Development of a fluid-filled cavity called - Antrum.
B. Differentiation of Theca layer into - Theca interna (inner) and Theca externa (outer).

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Select the INCORRECT match from the following.

Options:
A Primary productivity = amount of organic matter produced per unit area by photosynthesis
B Productivity = The rate of biomass production
C Net primary productivity = GPP-R
D Gross primary productivity = rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers

The correct answer is:
Gross primary productivity = rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers

Solution:
Gross primary production (GPP) is the rate at which an ecosystem's producers capture and store a given amount of chemical energy as biomass in a given length of time. (Definition). It is also the rate of conversion of light energy to chemical energy by producers in an ecosystem.
Total production of organic matter is called gross primary productivity and the energy left after utilization of producers is termed net primary productivity.
The rate of assimilation of food energy by consumers is called secondary productivity and this energy is available to carnivores as they are the consumers.
Net Primary Productivity (NPP) is the rate at which plants incorporate atmospheric carbon through photosynthesis. (Definition)

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Select the incorrect pairing.

Options:
A C3 - Example maize
B C4 - Structure: Kranz anatomy
C Calvin cycle - First stable product PGA
D Hatch & Slack cycle - First stable product OAA

The correct answer is:
C3 - Example maize

Solution:
There are three types of plants-C3 plants, C4 plants and CAM plants.
C3 plants are the most abundant plants (80% of plants are C3 plants). In C3 plants C3 operates Calvin cycle/PGA cycle to produce glucose. Mango, Neem, Guava are few examples of C3 plants.
C4 plants are characterized by the presence of Kranz anatomy in their leaves. In C4 plants run Hatch and Slack pathway whose first stable compound is OAA (Oxalo Acetic Acid). This Hatch and Slack cycle ultimately help in glucose formation. Sugar cane, Jower, Maize are examples of C4 plants.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Select the incorrect pairing.

Options:
A Mitochondria—Semiautonomous organelle
B Stroma—Site of dark reaction
C Centrioles—(9 + 2) array of microtubules
D Axoneme—Core of eukaryotic flagella

The correct answer is:
Centrioles—(9 + 2) array of microtubules

Solution:
Structure of a centriole.
(i) A centriole possesses a whorl of nine evenly spaced peripheral fibrils of tubulin. It is absent in the center. Therefore, the arrangement is called a 9+0.
(ii) Each fibril is made up of three sub-fibres. Therefore, it is called triplet fibril named A, B, C.
(iii) The adjacent triplet fibrils are inter-connected by C-A proteinaceous linkers.
(iv) The centre of the centriole possesses a rod-shaped proteinaceous mass known as a hub. From the hub, nine proteinaceous strands are developed towards the peripheral triplet fibrils. These strands are called radial spokes.
(v) Due to the presence of peripheral fibrils and radial spokes, the centriole gives a cartwheel appearance.
(vi) There is no membrane boundary for a centriole, but it is surrounded by pericentriolar satellites, also known as massule.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Jawless fishes have 6-15 pairs of gill slits.
B Reptiles have three-chambered heart except crocodile and cleidoic eggs
C Chordates have a solid dorsal nerve cord & notochord.
D Urochordata and Cephalochordata are often referred to as protochordates.

The correct answer is:
Chordates have a solid dorsal nerve cord & notochord.

Solution:
Animals belonging to phylum Chordata are fundamentally characterized by the presence of a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord and paired pharyngeal gill slits. These are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, coelomate with organ-system level of organization. They possess a post-anal tail and a closed circulatory system. All chordates possess this character at certain stage of their life cycle.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A The phloem of gymnosperms have albuminous cells and sieve cells
B Initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium during the secondary growth takes place in pericycle
C The abaxially placed palisade parenchyma in a dicot leaf is made up of elongated cells, which are arranged vertically and parallel to each other.
D The cambial ring in dicot stem cuts off new cells; those cut off towards pith, mature into secondary xylem and the cells cut off towards periphery mature into secondary phloem.

The correct answer is:
The abaxially placed palisade parenchyma in a dicot leaf is made up of elongated cells, which are arranged vertically and parallel to each other.

Solution:
The adaxially placed palisade parenchyma in a dicot leaf is made up of elongated cells, which are arranged vertically and parallel to each other. The phloem of gymnosperms have albuminous cells and sieve cells. They lack sieve tubes and companion cells. The cambial ring becomes active and begins to cut off new cells, both towards the inner and the outer sides. The cells cut off towards pith, mature into secondary xylem and the cells cut off towards periphery mature into secondary phloem. The cambium is generally more active on the inner side than on the outer. As a result, the amount of secondary xylem produced is more than secondary phloem and soon forms a compact mass.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Energy always decreases with increases in trophic level.
B Secondary succession is faster than primary succession.
C Ecological pyramids cannot explain all the vital functions of any ecosystem.
D The amount of nutrients present in the soil at any given time is referred to as the standing crop.

The correct answer is:
The amount of nutrients present in the soil at any given time is referred to as the standing crop.

Solution:
The amount of nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, present in the soil at any given time is referred to as the standing state.
Each trophic level has a certain mass of living material at a particular time called the standing crop. The standing crop is measured as the mass of living organisms (biomass) or the number in a unit area.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Vascular bundle of dicot stem said to be open
B Intrafascicular cambium is primary lateral meristem.
C All tissues lying inside the vascular cambium are called bark.
D In dicot stem endodermis is referred as starch sheath

The correct answer is:
All tissues lying inside the vascular cambium are called bark.

Solution:
Vascular bundles in dicot stem are called open as it consists of cambium which causes secondary growth. In dicot stem endodermis is deposited with starch sheath. Intrafascicular cambium is present inside vascular bundle between xylem and phloem thus is primary in origin. All tissue which lies outside the vascular cambium is called bark.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the incorrect statement for vexillary or papilionaceous aestivation?

Options:
A Two lateral petals are found which are termed as wing.
B The standard petal is posterior.
C The largest petal is anterior and overlaps wing.
D Two smallest anterior petals are known as keel.

The correct answer is:
Two smallest anterior petals are known as keel.

Solution:
In vexillary aestivation the largest posterior petal is called as standard or vexillum, two lateral petals are called wings and the two anterior smallest petals which are fused are known as keel. Vexillary aestivation thus shows a 1+2+2 arrangement of petals.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the incorrect statement from the following.

Options:
A Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels is called stratification.
B Secondary productivity is defined as the rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers.
C Leaching is the breakdown detritus into smaller particles.
D Secondary productivity =GPP–R .

The correct answer is:
Secondary productivity =GPP–R .

Solution:
Secondary productivity is the quantity of biomass produced at the level of consumer. GPP is gross primary productivity, it is the total quantity of organic matter produced by producers. GPP–R (respiratory loss) gives net primary productivity.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Select the incorrect statement from the following.

Options:
A All animals depends on plants directly for their food needs
B Death of the organism is the beginning of the detritus food chain / web
C Those animals that depends on the primary carnivores for food are labeled as secondary consumers.
D Primary producers in an aquatic ecosystem are various species like phytoplanktons, algae and higher plants.

The correct answer is:
All animals depends on plants directly for their food needs

Solution:
All animals depends on plants (directly or indirectly) for their food needs, they are hence called consumers and also heterotrophs. Animals that depends on the primary consumers for food are labeled as secondary consumers.The energy trapped by the producer is passed on to the consumer or the organism dies, death of the organism is the beginning of detrirus food chain.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Select the incorrect statement from the following.

Options:
A Agglutinin in plasma of blood group AB is Anti A and Anti B type.
B Fibrinogens are activated by thrombins.
C Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein.
D Bombay blood group is a very rare blood group

The correct answer is:
Agglutinin in plasma of blood group AB is Anti A and Anti B type.

Solution:
Blood group	Antigens ( Agglutinogens) on the RBCs	Antibodies (Agglutinins ) in plasma	Donor’s group	Recipient’s group

A	A	anti -B	A, O	A, AB

B	B	anti -A	B, O	B, AB

AB (universal recipient)	A, B	Nil	A, B, AB, O	AB

O (universal donor)	Nil	anti -A , anti -B	O	A, B, AB, O

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Select the incorrect statement with respect to aeration tank of the sewage treatment plant.

Options:
A In this tank microbes consume the major part of organic matter.
B Flocs contain aerobic fungal and anaerobic bacteria.
C BOD will reduce significantly.
D The primary effluent is constantly agitated mechanically and air is pumped into it.

The correct answer is:
Flocs contain aerobic fungal and anaerobic bacteria.

Solution:
Sewage treatment plants (STPs) - There are two stages of treatment :
A. Primary treatment
-It involves the physical removal of the small and large sized particles from the sewage.
-Processes involved :
1. Filtration 2. Sedimentation
B. Secondary treatment or Biological treatment
-It involves the physical removal of the small and large sized particles from the sewage.
-Mechanism
Step 1 - Primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks in which constant agitation and pumping of air is there → Growth of microorganisms (specially aerobic) is promoted → Flocs (large asses of bacteria along with fungal filaments to appear like a mesh like network) are formed
These microbes take oxygen during their growth (thus increasing the BOD) and decompose or consume major organic part of the effluent.
Step 2- Once the BOD is significantly decreased, effluent is transferred to a large settling tank → Bacterial flocs settle here, which are termed as activated sludge.
Step 3 - A small part of the activated sludge is transferred back into the aeration tank to act as inoculum.
Step 4 - Major part of the activated sludge is pumped into the anaerobic sludge digesters which are large tanks having anaerobic bacteria → These anaerobic bacteria digest the bacteria and fungi present in the sludge → In this process of digestion, various gases are produced in the form of a mixture - Methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases are collectively termed as biogas.
Flocs contain aerobic bacteria and fungus to reduce BOD of H2O . Aerobic bacteria uses oxygen to decompose organic matter.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Select the mismatch.

Options:
A Benign tumours - Possess contact inhibition
B Secondary lymphoid organ - Tonsil.
C Autoimmune disease - Myasthenia gravis.
D Vaccination - Active immunity

The correct answer is:
Benign tumours - Possess contact inhibition

Solution:
Cancer: It is a major cause of death all over the world. In India more than a million people suffer from cancer annually out of which mostly die. Contact inhibition: This is a property of normal cells because of which contact with other cells keep a check on their uncontrolled growth.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Select the option from the following having matching characteristics for the mentioned group without any exception:

Options:
A

Characteristics	Class

Mammary gland; hair on body; pinnae; two pairs of limbs	Mammalia

B

Characteristics	Class

Mouth ventral; gills without operculum; skin with placoid scales persistent notochord	Chondrichthyes

C

Characteristics	Class

Sucking and circular mouth; jaws absent, integument without scales paired appendages	Cyclostomata

D

Characteristics	Class

Body covered with feathers; skin moist and glandular, fore - limbs form wings; lungs with air sacs	Aves

The correct answer is:

Characteristics	Class

Mouth ventral; gills without operculum; skin with placoid scales persistent notochord	Chondrichthyes

Solution:
Mammalia: pinnae absent in whales.
Cyclostomata: paired appendages absent in Agnatha.
Aves: Almost all the aves show presence of nonglandular skin.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 1)
Select the option having all the correct
characteristics.

Options:
A

B

C

D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
Options (a), (b), (c) and (d) show neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil and monocyte respectively. Neutrophils are the most abundant cells (60-65\%) of the total WBCs and basophils are the least (0.5 - $1 \%)$ among them. Neutrophils and monocytes $(6-8 \%)$ are phagocytic cells. Which destroy foreign organisms entering the body.
Basophils secrete histamine, serotonin, heparin, etc. and are involved in inflammatory reactions. Eosinophils (2 - 3\%) resist infections and are also associated with allergic reactions.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, AIIMS, AIIMS 2013
Select the option regarding this diagrammatic representation.

Options:
A Chromosome division during anaphase
B Centrosome division during metaphase
C Centrosome division during anaphase
D Chromatin division during anaphase

The correct answer is:
Centrosome division during anaphase

Solution:
Anaphase is the shortest phase of the mitotic cell division part of the cell cycle. In this phase, the centrally aligned sister chromatids spilt at the centromere and move towards to the opposite pole.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
Select the option that correctly matches characteristic features with the group of three animals.

Options:
A Skeleton of spicules - Sycon, Adamsia, Spongilla
B Excretion by flame - Taenia, Fasciola, cells Ancylostoma
C

D Jointed appendages - Limulus, Apis, Laccifer

The correct answer is:
Jointed appendages - Limulus, Apis, Laccifer

Solution:
In poriferans, the body is supported by a skeleton made up of spicules or spongin fibres. Sycon and Spongilla are examples of poriferans, whereas Adamsia is a coelenterate. In platyhelminths, specialised cells called flame cells help in excretion. Taenia and Fasciola are platyhelminths whereas Ancylostoma is an aschelminth. In molluscs, mouth contains a file-like rasping organ for feeding called radula. Dentalium and Octopus are molluscs whereas Ophiura is an echinoderm. Arthropods have jointed appendages. Limulus, Apis and Laccifer all three are arthropods.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, AIIMS, AIIMS 2017
Select the option which correctly describes the function of given hormones.

Options:
A Parathormone: Decreases blood calcium level
B Cortisol: Decreases blood glucose level
C Vasopressin: Stimulates reabsorption of Na+
D Androgen: Stimulates erythropoiesis

The correct answer is:
Androgen: Stimulates erythropoiesis

Solution:
Parathormone increases blood calcium level whereas calcitonin hormone decreases blood calcium level. Cortisol hormone stimulate gluconeogenesis therefore increases blood glucose level. Aldosterone hormone stimulates reabsorption of Na+ whereas vasopressin stimulates reabsorption of water and hence concentrate urine.
The testis secretes androgens, which stimulate the development, maturation and functions of the male accessory sex organs, appearance of the male secondary sex characters, spermatogenesis, male sexual behaviour, anabolic pathways and erythropoiesis.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET