datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Assertion : A network of food chains existing together in an ecosystem is known as a food web.
Reason : An animal like kite cannot be a part of a food web.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion
C If assertion is true, but reason is false
D Both assertion and reason are false statements.

The correct answer is:
If assertion is true, but reason is false

Solution:
The process of transfer of energy from producers through a series of organisms i.e. from primary consumers to secondary consumers to tertiary consumers by process of eating and being eaten constitute a food chain, eg. grassland ecosystem. Food chains can never occur independently in ecosystem but various food chains are inter-connected with each other forming an interlocked system known as food web. In grassland ecosystem food chains may be-
(i) Grass $\rightarrow$ Rabbit $\rightarrow$ Hawk/kite
(ii) Grass $\rightarrow$ Mouse $\rightarrow$ Snake $\rightarrow$ Kite/Hawk
(iii) Grass $\rightarrow$ Grasshopper $\rightarrow$ Lizard $\rightarrow$ Kite/Hawk
So, the food web will include kite.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, AIIMS, AIIMS 2006
Assertion (A): Propene on addition with hydrogen bromide in the presence of peroxide gives 1- Bromopropane as the major product

Reason (R): 1- Bromopropane is the major product because it is formed through the stable carbocation

Options:
A (A) and (R) are correct, (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
B (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
C (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
D (A) is not correct but (R) is correct

The correct answer is:
(A) is correct but (R) is not correct

Solution:
When HBr is added to propene, in the presence of benzoyl peroxide, the reaction yields 1- bromopropane, accordance with anti Markovnikov's rule. The reaction proceeds through free radical mechanism.

Addition of HBr to propene yields 2-bromopropane, accordance with Markovnikov's rule. The reaction proceeds through ionic mechanism and involves formation of carbocation intermediate. Secondary carbocation is more stable than primary carbocation and is preferentially formed.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, AP EAMCET, AP EAMCET 2018 (25 Apr Shift 1)
Assertion: A secondary rainbow have inverted colours than the primary rainbow.
Reason : The secondary rainbow is formed by single total internal reflection.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B Ifboth assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If assertion is true but reason is false.

Solution:
In the formation of secondary rainbow, light suffers two total internal reflections instead of one. In this, ray undergoes two internal partial reflections having a maximum deviation of about $50^{\circ}$ for red and $54^{\circ}$ for violet. Also secondary rainbow will sometimes be formed with inverted colours. Secondary rainbow is fainter than the primary for two reason
(i) the light has undergone two internal reflections and has therebybecomes weakened,
(ii) there is greater angular dispersion in this rainbow than in the primary.

Topic: Physics, Ray Optics, AIIMS, AIIMS 2015
Assertion (A) : The function
$f:(1,2,3) \rightarrow(a, b, c, d)$ defined by
$\mathrm{f}=\{(1, \mathrm{a}),(2, \mathrm{~b}),(3, \mathrm{c})\}$ has no inverse.
Reason $(\mathbf{R}): f$ is not one-one.

Options:
A Both A and $\mathrm{R}$ are individually true and $\mathrm{R}$ is the correct explanation of A
B Both A and $\mathrm{R}$ are individually true but $\mathrm{R}$ is not the correct explanation of A
C A is true but $\mathrm{R}$ is false
D A is false but $\mathrm{R}$ is true

The correct answer is:
A is true but $\mathrm{R}$ is false

Solution:
Since, every element of A has only one image but $d$ has no pre-image in $A .$ So, it is one-one function. Hence, it has no inverse.

Topic: Mathematics, Functions, NDA, NDA 2008 (Phase 2)
Assertion (A): The number of selections of 20 distinct things taken 8 at a time is same as that taken 12 at a time.
Reason (R): $\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{n}, \mathrm{r})=\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{n}, \mathrm{s})$, if $\mathrm{n}=\mathrm{r}+\mathrm{s}$

Options:
A Both $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{R}$ are individually true, and $\mathbf{R}$ is the correct explanation of $\mathbf{A}$.
B Both $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{R}$ are individually true but $\mathbf{R}$ is not the correct explanation of $\mathbf{A}$.
C $\mathrm{A}$ is true but $\mathbf{R}$ is false.
D $\mathrm{A}$ is false but $\mathbf{R}$ is true.

The correct answer is:
Both $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{R}$ are individually true, and $\mathbf{R}$ is the correct explanation of $\mathbf{A}$.

Solution:
Number of selection of 20 distinct things taken 8 at a time is given by
${ }^{20} \mathrm{C}_{8}=\frac{20 !}{12 ! 8 !}$
and selecting 12 out of 20 is
${ }^{20} \mathrm{C}_{12}=\frac{20 !}{12 ! 8 !}$
Thus, both ${ }^{20} \mathrm{C}_{8}$ and ${ }^{20} \mathrm{C}_{12}$ are same.
$\Rightarrow$ Both $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{R}$ are individually true and $\mathrm{R}$ is correct explanation of A.

Topic: Mathematics, Permutation Combination, NDA, NDA 2006 (Phase 2)
Assertion (A): The number of triangles that can be formed by joining the mid-points of any three adjacent faces of a cube is 20 .
Reason (R): If there are $\mathrm{n}$ points on a plane and none of them are collinear, then the number of triangles that can be formed is $\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{n}, 3)$.

Options:
A Both $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{R}$ are individually true, and $\mathbf{R}$ is the correct explanation of $\mathbf{A}$.
B Both $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{R}$ are individually true but $\mathbf{R}$ is not the correct explanation of $\mathbf{A}$.
C $\mathrm{A}$ is true but $\mathbf{R}$ is false.
D $\mathrm{A}$ is false but $\mathbf{R}$ is true.

The correct answer is:
Both $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{R}$ are individually true, and $\mathbf{R}$ is the correct explanation of $\mathbf{A}$.

Solution:
Number of faces in a cube $=6$ Number of triangles formed by joining mid points of
faces is selection of three points from 6 points $={ }^{6} \mathrm{C}_{3}$
$=\frac{6 !}{3 ! 3 !}=20$
Hence, both $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{R}$ are individually true and $\mathrm{R}$ is correct explanation of A.

Topic: Mathematics, Permutation Combination, NDA, NDA 2006 (Phase 2)
Assertion (A): The tangent to the curve $y=x^{3}-x^{2}-x+2$ at $(1,1)$ is parallel to the $x$ -axis. Reason $(\mathbf{R}):$ The slope of the tangent to the curve at $(1,1)$ is zero.

Options:
A Both A and Rare true and $\mathrm{R}$ is the correct explanation
of A
B Both Aand R are true but R is not the correct explanation of $\mathrm{A}$
C $\mathrm{A}$ is true but $\mathrm{R}$ is false
D $\mathrm{A}$ is false but $\mathrm{R}$ is true

The correct answer is:
Both A and Rare true and $\mathrm{R}$ is the correct explanation
of A

Solution:
Given equation of the curve is $y=x^{3}-x^{2}-x+2$
$\frac{d y}{d x}=3 x^{2}-2 x-1$
$\Rightarrow\left(\frac{d y}{d x}\right)_{(1,1)}=3-2-1=0$
Since, $\frac{d y}{d x}$ at $(1,1)$ is 0 $\therefore$ slope of the tangent $=0$ Hence, The equation of tangent at $(1,1)$ is $y-1=0(x-1) \Rightarrow y=1$
ie, parallel to $x$ -axis. Both A and R true and $\mathrm{R}$ is the correct explanation of $\mathrm{A}$

Topic: Mathematics, Application of Derivatives, NDA, NDA 2009 (Phase 1)
Assertion : A undamped spring-mass system is simplest free vibration system.
Reason : It has three degrees of freedom.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If assertion is true but reason is false.

Solution:
An undamped spring-mass system is the simplest free vibration system. It has one degree of freedom

Topic: Physics, Oscillations, AIIMS, AIIMS 2013
Assertion (A): $y=2 x+3$ is a one to one real valued function. Reason $(\mathbf{R}): x_{1} \neq x_{2}$
$\Rightarrow y_{1} \neq y_{2}, y_{1}=2 x_{1}+3, y_{2}=2 x_{2}+3$, for any two real
$x_{1}$ and $x_{2}$

Options:
A Both A and $\mathrm{R}$ are individually true and $\mathrm{R}$ is the correct explanation of A
B Both A and $\mathrm{R}$ are individually true but $\mathrm{R}$ is not the correct explanation of A
C A is true but $\mathrm{R}$ is false
D A is false but $\mathrm{R}$ is true

The correct answer is:
Both A and $\mathrm{R}$ are individually true and $\mathrm{R}$ is the correct explanation of A

Solution:
(A) Given function is $y=2 x+3$
Let $y_{1}=y_{2}\left(\right.$ To show $\left.x_{1}=x_{2}\right)$
$\Rightarrow 2 x_{1}+3=2 x_{2}+3$
$\Rightarrow 2 x_{1}=2 x_{2}$
$\Rightarrow x_{1}=x_{2}$
Hence, $y=2 x+3$ is one-one real valued function.
(R) Since $y_{1}=y_{2} \Rightarrow x_{1}=x_{2}$
$\therefore x_{1} \neq x_{2} \Rightarrow y_{1} \neq y_{2}$
Thus, Both $(A)$ and $(R)$ are true and $R$ is the correct explanation of $A$.

Topic: Mathematics, Functions, NDA, NDA 2008 (Phase 2)
Assertion : Agrobacterium tumefaciens is popular in genetic engineering because this bacterium is associated with the roots of all cereal and pulse crops.
Reason : A gene incorporated in the bacterial mesosome gets automatically transferred to the crop with which the bacterium is associated.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are false.

Solution:
( Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease on a wide range of dicot (broad leaved) plants especially members of rose family by transferring its own DNA into plant cells. But in laboratory, the ability to move all sorts of genes into plants has made the microbe the standard tool for investigating plant genetics and modifying crops.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, AIIMS, AIIMS 2018 (26 May)
Assertion : Agrobacterium tumefaciens is popular in genetic engineering because this bacterium is associated with the roots of all cereal and pulse crops.
Reason : A gene incorporated in the bacterial chromosomal genome gets automatically transferred to the crop with which the bacterium is associated.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
C If assertion is true but reason is false
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are false.

Solution:
Agrobacterium tumefacines is a gram negative non sporing, motile, rod shaped bacterium, closely related to Rhizobium. It is found commonly on and around root surfaces. The region termed rhizosphere where it seems to survive by using nutrients that leak from the root tissues. But it infects only through the wound-site either naturally occurring or caused by transplanting of seedling and nursery stock. It is harmful to plants and useful to scientists for the same reason i.e. it transfers DNA into plant genomes found in soil worldwide. A. tumefaciens cause crown gall disease of a wide range of dicot (broad leaved) plants especially members of rose family by transferring its own DNA into plant cells. But in laboratory, the ability to move all sorts of genes into plants has made the microbe the standard tool for investigating plant genetics and modifying crops.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, AIIMS, AIIMS 2005
Assertion : All enzymes are made up of proteins and all proteins have three dimensional structures.
Reason : Secondary structures of protein are sequence of amino acids.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are false.

Solution:
(d) : All enzymes are made up of proteins and all proteins do not have 3-dimensional structures as proteins are classified into primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures and only tertiary has 3-dimensional structure. The sequence in which the amino acids are arranged in a protein is called primary structure of protein.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, AIIMS, AIIMS 2013
Assertion : All proteinecous enzymes have a three-dimensional structure.
Reason : The secondary structure of protein is according to amino acid present inside the polypeptides.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false
D If both assertion and reason are false

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

Solution:
The secondary structure of proteins is the development of new stearic relationships of amino acids present in the linear sequence inside the polypeptides. Some of the new relationship are of regular nature and give periodicity to the structure. There are three types of secondary structures $-\alpha$-helix, $\beta$-pleated and collagen helix. They are held in a particular structure due hydrogen bonds between oxygen of carboxylic group (-CO group) of one amino acid residue and $>\mathrm{NH}$ group of another amino acid. The protein enzymes have active sites which are capable of attracting and holding particular substrate molecules by is specific charge, size and shape so as to allow the chemical change. An active site consists of a few amino acids and their side groups which are brought together in a particular fashion due to secondary and tertiary folding of a protein molecule and its association with the cofactor, if any. Tertiary structure is bending and folding of various types to form spheres, rods or fibres. It further brings new stearic relationships of amino acids specially those which are far apart in the linear sequence. Tertiary structure is stabilized by several types of bonds - hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, van der Waal's interactions, covalent bonds, hydrophobic bonds. Tertiary structure gives the protein a three dimensional conformation.

Topic: Biology, Biomolecules (B), AIIMS, AIIMS 2013
Assertion : Annual rings are used to calculate the age of tree.
Reason : Secondary growth is not found in bamboo.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

Solution:
Each year the tree forms new cells (secondary growth) arranged in concentric circles called annual rings. These rings show amount of wood produced during one growing season. By counting the annual rings, the age of a tree can be determined. This phenomenon is called dendrochronology. Only plants showing secondary growth show annual rings. Bamboo is a monocot and hence secondary growth is absent in bamboo.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, AIIMS, AIIMS 2019 (26 May)
Assertion : Anopheles, Limulus, prawn and scorpion are arthropods.
Reason : All have jointed appendages and chitinous exoskeleton.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Solution:
Arthropods are the animals having chitinous exoskeleton and jointed appendages, e.g., Limulus, prawn, scorpion, Anopheles, etc.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, AIIMS, AIIMS 2019 (25 May)
Assertion : Combustion of all organic compounds is an exothermic reaction.
Reason : The enthalpies of all elements in their standard state are zero.

Options:
A
If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

B
If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

C
If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.

D
If the Assertion is incorrect but the Reason is correct.

The correct answer is:
If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

Solution:
In combustion reaction, enthalpy of the reactants is always greater than the enthalpy of the product.

Topic: Chemistry, Thermodynamics (C)
Assertion : Fluorine is a stronger oxidizing agent than iodine.Reason : Fluorine has greater electronegativity than iodine.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
C If assertion is true but reason is false
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion

Solution:
Fluorine has higher standard electrode
potential (reduction potential) than iodine.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), AIIMS, AIIMS 2012
Assertion : For the reaction,
the product is isopropyl benzene.
Reason : This is due to rearrangement of primary carbocation into secondary carbocation.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Solution:
No Solution Available

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrocarbons, AIIMS, AIIMS 2018 (27 May)
Assertion : Glutamine contains amide group.
Reason : Isoelectric point of glutamine is 7 .

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false
D If both assertion and reason are false

The correct answer is:
If assertion is true but reason is false

Solution:
Glutamine is one of the 20 amino acids. Its side chain is an amide formed by replacing the side chain hydroxyl of glutamic acid with an amine functional group, making it the amide of glutamic acid. In human blood, glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid. The isoelectric point is the $\mathrm{pH}$ at which a particular molecule or surface carries no net electrical charge. The isoelectric point $(\mathrm{pH})$ of glutamine is 5.65.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, AIIMS, AIIMS 2013
Assertion : GM crops can affect human health by causing allergic reactions.
Reason: Transgenes in commercial crops can endanger native species e.g., the $B t$ toxin gene expressed in pollen might endanger pollinators like honeybees.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

Solution:
The transgenic food may cause toxicity or produce allergies. The enzyme produced by the antibiotic resistance can cause allergies, because it is a foreign protein. The introduction of transgenic plants into agriculture is creating some issues. One of them is the potential risk of transgene in commercial crops endangering native or nontarget species. For example the gene for Bt toxin expressed in pollen might endanger pollinators like honeybees.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, AIIMS, AIIMS 2014
Assertion : GM foods are facing widespread resistance by the people.
Reason: GM foods have mutated genes which cause infections and allergies.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B Ifboth assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Solution:
The GM crops are fast becoming a part of agriculture throughout the world because of their contribution to the increased crop productivity and to global food, feed and fiber security, besides their use in health-care and industry.
However, GM foods are facing widespread resistance by the peoplefrom all over the world. It is because transgenes in commercial crops can endanger native species. For example, the gene for Bt toxin expressed in pollen might endanger pollinators like honeybees. These crops cause problems in human health by supplying allergens and transfer of antibiotic resistance markers. The GM crops may change the fundamental vegetable nature of plants as the genes from animals (e.g., fish or mouse) are being introduced into crop plants. GM foods also have a bad effect on environment and biodiversity.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, AIIMS, AIIMS 2015
Assertion : If standard reduction potential for the reaction $\mathrm{Ag}^{+}+e^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Ag}$ is 0.80 volt, then for the reaction $2 \mathrm{Ag}^{+}+2 e^{-} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Ag}$, it will be 1.60 volt.
Reason: If concentration of $\mathrm{Ag}^{+}$ions is doubled, the standard electrode potential is also doubled.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are false.

Solution:
Standard reduction potential of an electrode has a fixed value.

Topic: Chemistry, Electrochemistry, AIIMS, AIIMS 2017
Assertion : In a food chain members of successive higher levels are fewer in number.
Reason : Number of organisms at any trophic level depends upon the availability of organisms which serve as food at the lower level.

Options:
A If both Assertion and Reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion
B If both Assertion and Reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion
C If Assertion is true statement but Reason is false
D if both Assertion and Reason are false statements

The correct answer is:
If both Assertion and Reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion

Solution:
In a food chain the number of animals and biomass at the lower trophic level is abundant.
Successive links of carnivores decrease rapidly in number until there are very few carnivores at the top.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, AIIMS, AIIMS 2003