datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Receptors for protein hormones are located

Options:
A in the nucleus.
B in the cytoplasm.
C on the cell surface.
D on the endoplasmic reticulum.

The correct answer is:
on the cell surface.

Solution:
Hormonal action depends on whether the hormone is Lipid or water soluble. Lipid soluble hormones can cross the target cell membrane easily, get attached to the mobile receptors within the cytoplasm and reach the nucleus to perform their functions. However water soluble hormones are proteinaceous and these include insulin, oxytocin etc. These cannot cross the cell membrane easily. These get attached to the static receptors on the cell membrane. This attachment triggers the formation of secondary messengers that help these hormones to act on cells. These also cause amplification of hormonal action so that many targets are affected by single hormone. This concept was explained by Sutherland. Secondary messengers commonly seen in cells are Cyclic AMP. Other examples are Inositol tri phosphate (IP3), Calcium and Cyclic GMP.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Recognise the figure and find out the CORRECT matching.

Options:
A a - forewing, b - anal style, c - mesothorax, d - prothorax, e - tegmina
B a - forewing, b - anal cerci, c - prothorax, d - pronotum, e - hind wing
C a - tegmina, b - anal cerci, c - mesothorax d - pronotum, e - hind wing
D a - tegmina, b - anal style, c - mesothorax, d - prothorax, e - fore wing

The correct answer is:
a - tegmina, b - anal cerci, c - mesothorax d - pronotum, e - hind wing

Solution:
Cockroaches belong to Phylum Arthropoda. The body is divided into Head, Thorax and Abdomen. Thorax is divided into three parts: Prothorax, Mesothorax and Metathorax. Prothorax has largest tergem and this is known as Pronotum. Thorax also shows presence of appendages and wings. Thorax shows three pairs of appendages attached to each part of thorax. Two pairs of wings attached are forewings and hindwings. Forewings are covered with thick sheet known as tegmina. Male and female cockroaches show presence of anal cerci which are abdominal appendages.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Recognize the figure and find out the CORRECT labeling.

Options:
A a-elongation, c-differentiation, b-plasmatic growth, d-senescence, e-maturation
B b-elongation, e-differentiation, a-plasmatic growth, c-senescence, d-maturation
C a-elongation, d-differentiation, b-plasmatic growth, e-senescence, c-maturation
D b-elongation, c- differentiation, a-plasmatic growth, e-senescence, d-maturation

The correct answer is:
b-elongation, c- differentiation, a-plasmatic growth, e-senescence, d-maturation

Solution:
The plant begins its life from the zygote. Plasmatic growth is a fundamental characteristic of living beings. Meristematic cells present at the apex that helps in increasing the length of the plant while the secondary meristem is responsible for increasing the girth of the plant. After the meristematic phase, an elongation phase is present in which cells get enlarged and results in new cell wall deposition. The maturation phase is present close to the elongation phase where cells reach a maximum size and protoplasmic modifications occur. Then cells differentiate to perform different functions. In this process, cells lose the ability of division. Later the senescence (death) of the cell occurs due to some environmental factors like drought or changing of the season.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET
Recognize the figure and find out the CORRECT matching.

Options:
A a-spermatozoa, b-spermatid, c-primary spermatocyte, d-secondary spermatocyte, e-spermatogonia, f-sertoli cell
B a-spermatozoa, b-spermatid, c-secondary spermatocyte, d-primary spermatocyte, e-Sertoli cell, f-spermatogonia
C a-spermatozoa, b-spermatid, c-primary spermatocyte, d-secondary spermatocyte, e-spermatogonia, f-sertoli cell
D a-spermatozoa, b-spermatid, d-primary spermatocyte, c-secondary spermatocyte, e-sertoli cell, f-spermatogonia

The correct answer is:
a-spermatozoa, b-spermatid, c-secondary spermatocyte, d-primary spermatocyte, e-Sertoli cell, f-spermatogonia

Solution:
The testicular lobules which are the compartments in each testis contain highly coiled structures called the seminiferous tubules where the sperms are produced. The inner layer of the tubule is lined by male germ cells called the spermatogonia(f) and sertoli cells(e). These germ cells undergo meiotic divisions and produce and produce the primary spermatocyte(d) which again forms haploid cells called secondary spermatocyte(c). The secondary spermatocytes produce four haploid spermatids(b) by meiosis, these spermatids finally get transformed into spermatozoa(a).

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Recognize the following flow diagram and find CORRECT option according to taxonomic hierarchy.

Options:
A l-Polymoniales, 2-Sapindales, 3-Poales, 4-Dicotyledonae, 5- Monocotyledonae, 6-Angiospermae.
B 1-Solanaceae, 2-Anacardiaceae, 3- Poaceae, 4- Leguminaceae, 5-Poales, 6-Angiospermae.
C l-Solanum, 2-Mangifera, 3-Triticum, 4-Dicotyledonae, 5-Monocotyledonae, 6- Fungi.
D 1-Polymoniales, 2-Sapindales, 3- Poales, 4-Angiospermae, 5- Monocotyledonae, 6- Metazoa.

The correct answer is:
l-Polymoniales, 2-Sapindales, 3-Poales, 4-Dicotyledonae, 5- Monocotyledonae, 6-Angiospermae.

Solution:
Taxonomy is the branch of biological science which includes nomenclature and classification of the organisms into groups based on their shared features and characteristics. Classification is the process of grouping organisms based on observable features into categories called 'taxa'. The ranks/taxa have the following sequence from largest to the smallest with similarities in organisms increasing at each step. Kingdom, phylum/division, class, order, family, genus and species form the hierarchy in classification where Kingdom is the largest rank and species is the lowest with maximum similarities.
All the plant type names given belong to same group at 6th position which is division Angiospermae.
Of the four plants, wheat is a monocot and rest are dicot. Position 5 is class Monocotyledonae and position 4 is class Dicotyledonae. After class is the order rank and wheat comes in the order Poales.
Mango (Mangifera indica) belongs to the order Sapindales and the genus Datura and Petunia come under the order Polymoniales.

Topic: Biology, The Living World, NEET
Red list of plants in India completed by

Options:
A Botanical survey of India
B Zoological survey of India
C Geological survey of India
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Botanical survey of India

Solution:
IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) headquarter at Morgan, Switzerland, has8 Red list categories of species-extinct, extinct in wild, critically endangered, vulnerable, lower risk, data deficient and not evaluated. In India, it is completed by Botanical Survey of India (BSI).

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Red tides in warm coastal water develop due to the abundance of ___.

Options:
A dinoflagellates
B euglenoids
C diatoms and desmids
D slime moulds

The correct answer is:
dinoflagellates

Solution:
Dinoflagellates are unicellular plankton and they belong to the kingdom Protista. 90% of dinoflagellates live in the ocean and they are autotrophs which means they can prepare their own food through photosynthesis. Dinoflagellates have two flagella and when disturbed they glow causing the ocean to light up. In dinoflagellates, red tides are caused by Gonyaulax, Gymnodinium, Alexandrium, etc.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Reduce $\left(\frac{1}{1-4 i}-\frac{2}{1+i}\right)\left(\frac{3-4 i}{5+i}\right)$ to the standard form.

Options:

None

Solution:
$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{1-4 i} &=\frac{1}{1-4 i} \times \frac{1+4 i}{1+4 i}=\frac{1+4 i}{1^2-(4 i)^2} \\ &=\frac{1+4 i}{1+16}=\frac{1}{17}+\frac{4}{17} i \\ \frac{2}{1+i} &=\frac{2}{1+i} \times \frac{1-i}{1-i}=\frac{2(1-i)}{1^2-(i)^2}=\frac{2(1-i)}{1+1} \\ &=\frac{2(1-i)}{2}=1-i \\ \frac{3-4 i}{5+i} &=\frac{3-4 i}{5+i} \times \frac{5-i}{5-i}=\frac{15-3 i-20 i+4\left(i^2\right)}{(5)^2-(i)^2} \\ &=\frac{11-23 i}{26}=\frac{11}{26}-\frac{23}{26} i \end{aligned}$
Now,
$\begin{aligned} &\left(\frac{1}{1-4 i}-\frac{2}{1+i}\right)\left(\frac{3-4 i}{5+i}\right) \\ &=\left[\left(\frac{1}{17}+\frac{4}{17} i\right)-(1-i)\right]\left[\frac{11}{26}-\frac{23}{26} i\right] \\ &=\left[\frac{1}{17}+\frac{4}{17} i-1+i\right]\left[\frac{11}{26}-\frac{23}{26} i\right] \\ &=\left(\frac{21}{17} i-\frac{16}{17}\right)\left(\frac{11}{26}-\frac{23}{26} i\right) \\ &=\left(\frac{-16}{17}+\frac{21}{17} i\right)\left(\frac{11}{26}-\frac{23}{26} i\right) \\ &=\frac{-16}{17} \times \frac{11}{26}+\frac{16}{17} \times \frac{23}{26} i+\frac{21}{17} i \\ & \times \frac{11}{26}-\frac{21}{17} \times \frac{23}{26} i^2 \end{aligned}$
$=\frac{-176}{442}+\frac{368}{442} i+\frac{231}{442} i+\frac{483}{442}$
$=\frac{307}{442}+\frac{599}{442} i$

Topic: Mathematics, Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Reduction of ketones cannot be carried outwith which of the following
reagents ?

Options:
A Sodium borohydride or lithium aluminium hydride
B Zinc amalgam and concentrated HCl
C Hydrazine and \( \mathrm{KOH} \) in ethylene glycol
D Hydrogen in presence of palladium inBarium sulphate and quinoline

The correct answer is:
Hydrogen in presence of palladium inBarium sulphate and quinoline

Solution:
Ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols by sodium borohydride \( \left(\mathrm{N} a \mathrm{BH}_{4}\right) \) or lithium aluminum hydride \( \left(\mathrm{LiAl} \mathrm{H}_{4}\right) \)
as well as by catalytic hydrogenation.
\[
\left(R-\stackrel{i}{C}_{\frac{1}{R}}^{\frac{\pi}{1}}\right)_{4} A l^{-}+4 H^{+}(a q) \rightarrow R-\stackrel{1}{C}-O H+A l^{3+}(a q)
\]
Carbonyl carbon of ketones are reduced to \( -\mathrm{CH}_{2}- \) group in treatment with zinc amalgam and conc. \( \mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{Clemmensen} \)
reduction) or with hydrazine followed by heating with sodium or \( \mathrm{KOH} \) in high boiling solvent such as ethylene glycol
(Wolff-Kishner reduction).
Clemmensen reduction
Wolff-Kishner reduction

Topic: Chemistry, Redox Reactions, KCET, KCET 2017
Refer to the given figure showing pyramid of number in a certain habitat. Identify A, B and C.

Options:
A A - Grass; B - Rabbit; C - Fox
B A - Phytoplankton; B - Small fish; C - Large fish
C A - Tree; B - Birds; C - Hawk
D A - Tree ; B - Birds ; C - Parasites

The correct answer is:
A - Tree; B - Birds; C - Hawk

Solution:
Number of individuals in a trophic level when represented diagrammatically is referred to as pyramid of numbers. The given number pyramid is urn shaped where the producer number is lower with primary consumer maximum in number and lastly the secondary consumer is lower in count than primary consumer.
Such number pyramid is found in tree ecosystem. In the tree ecosystem, the single large tree is able to provide food to several herbivores like birds, squirrels, insects which support few carnivores.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Regeneration of damaged growing grass following grazing is largely due to

Options:
A lateral meristem
B apical meristem
C intercalary meristem
D secondary meristem

The correct answer is:
intercalary meristem

Solution:
Regeneration of damaged growing grass following grazing is largely due to intercalary meristem. It is the meristem which occurs between mature tissues. It is found in grasses and regenerates parts damaged by the grazing herbivores.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2019 (Odisha)
Reindeer moss is

Options:
A Sphagnum
B Marchantia
C Cladonia
D None of these

The correct answer is:
Cladonia

Solution:
Reindeer moss (Cladonia rangiferina) is a terricolous lichen of the arctic region and is used as food for reindeer and cattle. These fruticose lichens are abundantly grown in tundra regions and are the major food for the animals.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Relative abundance of carbon 12 isotope is

Options:
A 97.892
B 98.892
C 98.792
D 97.792

The correct answer is:
98.892

Solution:
Correct Option is : 2
98.892

Topic: Chemistry, Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry, NEET
Relative abundance of carbon 13 isotope is

Options:
A 1.108
B 1.106
C 1.107
D 1.109

The correct answer is:
1.108

Solution:
Correct Option is : 1
1.108

Topic: Chemistry, Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry, NEET
Relative abundance of carbon 14 isotope is

Options:
A 1 X 10 ^(-10)
B 2 X 10 ^(-10)
C 3 X 10 ^(-10)
D 4 X 10 ^(-10)

The correct answer is:
2 X 10 ^(-10)

Solution:
Correct Option is : 2
2 X 10 ^(-10)

Topic: Chemistry, Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry, NEET
Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is usually referred to as damages caused by

Options:
A Low temperature
B High temperature
C Encephalitis
D Radiation

The correct answer is:
Radiation

Solution:
RBE (Relative Biological Effectiveness) is a comparison of the dose of the radiation being studied with the dose of standard radiation producing the same effect. RBE allows a comparison of test radiation with standard radiation.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
Release of the second polar body from human egg occurs

Options:
A after the entry of sperm
B after fertilization
C before sperm entry
D with no relation to sperm entry

The correct answer is:
after the entry of sperm

Solution:
During the process of oogenesis, the cells start dividing and there is a phase of temporary arrest where it forms the primary oocyte. These oocytes then form the primary follicles which degenerate during puberty. When these primary follicles get surrounded by more layers of granulosa cells they form the secondary follicle, which gets transformed into the tertiary follicle. When the tertiary follicle grows it undergoes first meiotic division and releases the first polar body and a secondary oocyte. The secondary oocyte then completes its second meiotic division and releases the second polar body after the entry of sperms.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Removal of ringwood of tissue outside the vascular cambium from the tree trunk kills it because

Options:
A Water cannot move up
B Food does not travel down and root become starved
C Shoot become starved
D Annual rings are not produced

The correct answer is:
Food does not travel down and root become starved

Solution:
Both intrafascicular and interfascicular cambium joins together and forms a cambium ring. The periclinal division of vascular cambium ring forms secondary phloem (outside the vascular cambium) and secondary xylem (inner to vascular cambium). The primary phloem is crushed to death, known as obliteration. Primary xylem being dead and lignified, replaced in the pith region.
Removal of ringwood outside the vascular cambium kills the tree because the phloem gets removed and the food synthesized in the leaves does not move to different parts of the plant.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Respiratory organs like gills, book gills, book lungs or tracheal system are found in phylum

Options:
A Arthropoda
B Aschelminthes
C Mollusca
D Chordata

The correct answer is:
Arthropoda

Solution:
They have an organ-system level of organization. They are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, segmented and coelomate animals. The body of arthropods is covered by a chitinous exoskeleton. The body consists of a head, thorax and abdomen. They have jointed appendages (arthros-joint, poda-appendages). Respiratory organs are gills, book gills, book lungs or tracheal system. The circulatory system is of open type. Sensory organs like antennae, eyes (compound and simple), statocysts or balancing organs are present. Excretion takes place through malpighian tubules.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCO) enzyme catalyses the reaction between

Options:
A Oxaloacetic acid and acetyl CoA
B CO2 and ribulose 1, 5 biphosphate
C Ribulose biphosphate and phosphoglyceraldehyde
D PGA and dihydroxyacetone phosphate

The correct answer is:
CO2 and ribulose 1, 5 biphosphate

Solution:
Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCO) is the most abundant protein of the plant world. This is an important protein which is an enzyme playing a significant role in Calvin cycle. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction of CO2 (1C) with 1,5-RUBP (5C) to form an unstable 6C compound which then forms 2 3C compounds - Phosphoglyceric acid by hydrolysis.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET
Robert Constanza and his colleagues have put a price tag of US $ 33 trillion a year on

Options:
A Environment control
B Ecosystem services
C Ecological energy flow
D Ecological succession

The correct answer is:
Ecosystem services

Solution:
Robert Constanza and his colleagues have very recently tried to put price tags on natureâs life-support services. Researchers have put an average price tag of US 33 trillion a year on these fundamental ecosystems services, which is largely taken for granted because they are free. This is nearly twice the value of the global gross national product GNP which is (US 18 trillion).

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Root cambium is

Options:
A Primary meristem
B Secondary meristem
C Intercalary meristem
D Apical meristem

The correct answer is:
Secondary meristem

Solution:
The vascular cambium is a meristematic tissue that is responsible for lateral growth and the continued production of new xylem and phloem. In woody roots the vascular cambium (the lateral meristem that gives rise to secondary phloem and secondary xylem) originates from the pericycle and conjunctive tissue. Since it is formed due to dedifferentiation of permanent tissue hence it is secondary meristem.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Root caps are absent in

Options:
A Eichhornia, pistia and lemna
B Pandanus, pistia and lemna
C Ficus, pothos and lemna
D Eichhornia, pistia and pothos

The correct answer is:
Eichhornia, pistia and lemna

Solution:
The root cap's primary function is enhancing direct root growth by reducing friction against the soil, sensing gravity and protecting root meristem. In hydrophytes, the root system will be of a fibrous type and hence, the root pockets are present, whereas the root caps are absent, e.g., Eichhornia, Pistia, Lemna. Pandanus, Pothos and Ficus are plants that grow on soil.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
RQ of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and organic acids are in order ________.

Options:
A < 1, 1, < 1, > 1
B >Â 1,Â <Â 1,Â 1,Â 1
C 1,Â 1,Â 0,Â â1
D 0,Â <Â 1,Â 1,Â >Â 1

The correct answer is:
< 1, 1, < 1, > 1

Solution:
The respiratory quotient is the ratio between the volume of carbon dioxide eliminated and the volume of oxygen inspired during respiration in a given period at standard pressure and temperature. The RQ value keeps changing depending on the respiratory substrate and their oxidation providing information about the substrate being respired. Protein, carbohydrates, and fats the macronutrients having the respiratory quotient between 0.7 to 1. Protein has an RQ of 0.8 to 0.9 <1, carbohydrates have RQ as 1 and fats with RQ of 0.7. The organic acids have RQ >1.

Topic: Biology, Respiration in Plants, NEET
S1, S2 are two coherent sources (having initial phase difference zero) of sound located along xâaxis separated by 4Î» where Î» is wavelength of sound emitted by them. Number of maxima located on the elliptical boundary around it will be : [ S1 and S2 are assumed to be at focus of ellipse]

Options:
A 16
B 12
C 8
D 4

The correct answer is:
16

Solution:
S1P-S2P=0
S1Q-S2Q=4λ
∴ 3 maximum lie on are between P and Q. Counting all quadrants; the total number is 12. P and Q symmetrical points are also maxima.
∴ Total number is 16

Topic: Physics, Wave Optics, NEET
Sacred groves are seen in Sarguja, Chanda and Bastar areas in

Options:
A Madhya Pradesh
B Maharashtra
C Meghalaya
D Rajasthan

The correct answer is:
Madhya Pradesh

Solution:
India has also a history of religious and cultural traditions that emphasised protection of nature. In many cultures, tracts of forest were set aside, and all the trees and wildlife within were venerated and given total protection. Such sacred groves are found in Khasi and Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya, Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan, Western Ghat regions of Karnataka and Maharashtra and the Sarguja, Chanda and Bastar areas of Madhya Pradesh. In Meghalaya, the sacred groves are the last refuges for a large number of rare and threatened plants.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Sacred groves are specially useful in:

Options:
A Preventing soil erosion
B Year-round flow of water in rivers
C Generating environmental awareness
D Conserving rare and threatened species

The correct answer is:
Conserving rare and threatened species

Solution:
An area with particular types of trees dedicated to local deities or ancestral spirits that are protected by local communities through social traditions and taboos incorporating spiritual and ecological values are called as sacred groves.
Sacred groves act as an ideal centre for biodiversity conservation. Several plants and animals that are threatened in the sacred groves. It has been observed that several medicinal plants that are not to be found in the forest are abundant in the sacred groves. Further, rare, endangered, threatened and endemic species are often concentrated in sacred groves.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Secondary body cavity with segmented mesodermal lining is called

Options:
A haemocoel
B neurocoel
C true coelom
D pseudocoelom

The correct answer is:
true coelom

Solution:
The body cavity which is lined by mesoderm is called coelom. Animals possessing coelom are called coelomates, e.g., annelids, molluscs, arthropods, echinoderms, hemichordates and chordates.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, JIPMER, JIPMER 2011
Secondary carnivores occupy the

Options:
A First trophic level of a food chain
B Second trophic level of a food chain
C Third trophic level of a food chain
D Fourth trophic level of a food chain

The correct answer is:
Fourth trophic level of a food chain

Solution:
Producers are the first trophic levels, primary consumers or herbivores are at the second trophic level, secondary consumers or primary carnivores are at the third trophic level, whereas the tertiary consumers or secondary carnivores or scavengers are at the fourth trophic level.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Secondary cell wall grows by

Options:
A Deamination
B Calcicole
C Apposition
D None of these

The correct answer is:
Apposition

Solution:
In mature cells, more layers of wall material are added internal to the primary wall and they are called a secondary wall. Growth by the addition of new wall material on the primary wall is called accretion. It has more cellulose and less hemicellulose. The secondary wall is thick and rigid. It usually consists of three layers, which are often named S1, S2 and S3 It is found in collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells, xylem vessels. The secondary cell wall grows by apposition. In this method, new cell wall material secreted by protoplasm is deposited as definite thin plates one after the other on the inner surface of the original wall.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Secondary growth brought about by vascular cambium in dicots is a type of

Options:
A Senescence
B Geometric growth
C Arithmetic growth
D Plasticity

The correct answer is:
Arithmetic growth

Solution:
In arithmetic growth, the cell divides giving rise to two daughter cells. From which, only one daughter cell continues to divide while the other differentiates and matures to become a permanent cell. This kind of growth rate is shown by meristematic cells.
Plasticity is ability of the tissues to form different structures in response to environmental conditions. Senescence is the deterioration phase with respect to ageing of a cell or tissue or an organism.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET