datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Read the different components from (i) to (iv) in the list given below and tell the correct order of the components with reference to their arrangement from the outer side to the inner side in a woody dicot stem :
(i) Secondary cortex
(ii) Wood
(iii) Secondary phloem
(iv) Phellem

Options:
A (i), (ii), (iv), (iii)
B (iv), (i), (iii), (ii)
C (iv), (iii), (i), (ii)
D (iii), (iv), (ii), (i)

The correct answer is:
(iv), (i), (iii), (ii)

Solution:
Phellogen cuts off cells on both sides. The outer cells differentiate into cork or phellem while the inner cells differentiate into secondary cortex or phelloderm.

The cambial ring becomes active and begins to cut off new cells, both towards the inner and the outer sides. The cells cut off towards pith, mature into secondary xylem (wood) and the cells cut off towards periphery mature into secondary phloem (bast).

The sequence of different components of woody dicot stem from the outer side to the inner side is

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 2)
Read the different components from (i) to (iv) in the list given below and tell the correct order of the components with reference to their arrangement from the outer side to the inner side in a woody dicot stem :

(i) Secondary cortex
(ii) Wood
(iii) Secondary phloem
(iv) Phellem

Options:
A (i), (ii), (iv), (iii)
B (iv), (i), (iii), (ii)
C (iv), (iii), (i), (ii)
D (iii), (iv), (ii), (i)

The correct answer is:
(iv), (i), (iii), (ii)

Solution:
The sequence of different components of woody dicot stem from the outer side to inner side is

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the following and select the incorrect statements:

A. The placenta acts as a permanent endocrine tissue and produces several hormones.

B. During pregnancy levels of cortisol, prolactin, thyroxine, and estrogen hormones also increase several folds in maternal blood.

C. The second meiotic division of secondary spermatocyte in females is unequal and results in the formation of a polar body.

D. The secondary follicle transforms into a tertiary follicle which is characterized by a fluid-filled cavity called the antrum.

Options:
A B & D only
B A & B only
C A & C only
D A, B & C

The correct answer is:
A & C only

Solution:
The placenta acts as a temporary endocrine tissue and produces several hormones till parturition. The second meiotic division of secondary oocyte in females is unequal and results in the formation of a second polar body.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Read the following four statements (A-D):

(i) The outer wall of the pollen grain is pecto-cellulosic in nature.
(ii) In pollen grain, the generative cell is bigger and contains abundant food reserve.
(iii) In all angiosperms, pollen grains are always shed at the 2-celled stage.
(iv) Usually, sporogenous cell directly behaves as the megaspore mother cell.

How many of the above statements are wrong?

Options:
A Four
B One
C Two
D Three

The correct answer is:
Four

Solution:
The inner wall of the pollen grain is called the intine. It is a thin and continuous layer made up of cellulose and pectin. The cytoplasm of pollen grain is surrounded by a plasma membrane. When the pollen grain is mature it contains two cells, the vegetative cell and generative cell. The vegetative cell is bigger, has abundant food reserve and a large irregularly shaped nucleus. The generative cell is small and floats in the cytoplasm of the vegetative cell. It is spindle shaped with dense cytoplasm and a nucleus. In over 60 per cent of angiosperms, pollen grains are shed at this 2-celled stage.
As the anther develops, the cells of the sporogenous tissue undergo meiotic divisions to form microspore tetrads. Each one is a potential pollen or microspore mother cell. The process of formation of microspores from a pollen mother cell (PMC) through meiosis is called microsporogenesis.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the following matching carefully:

i Artificial active immunity: Vaccination
ii Natural passive immunity: Anti-tetanus serum ATS
iii First line of defense : Physical barriers
iv Anamnestic responses: Quick and highly intensified response
v Graft rejection: Due to cell-mediated immunity (CMI)

How many from the above matchings are correct?

Options:
A Five
B Four
C Three
D Two

The correct answer is:
Four

Solution:
Anti-tetanus serum is an example of artificial passive immunity, which contains preformed antibodies. First line of defense includes skin, which comes in physical barrier of innate immunity. Secondary immune responses are also called anamnestic responses, which are very quick and highly intensified due to presence of memory cells.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Read the following passage and give answer.
The students of a class are offered three languages (Hindi, English and French). 15 students learn all the three languages whereas 28 students do not learn any language. The number of students learning Hindi and English but not French is twice the number of students learning Hindi and French but not English. The number of students learning English and French but not Hindi is thrice the number of students learning Hindi and French but not English. 23 students learn only Hindi and 17 students learn only English. The total number of students learning French is 46 and the total number of students learning only French is 11. How many students learn at least two languages?

Options:
A 15
B 30
C 45
D 55

The correct answer is:
45

Solution:
Number of students learn at least two languages $=\mathrm{d}+\mathrm{e}+\mathrm{k}+\mathrm{f}=10+15+15+5=45$

Topic: Mathematics, Sets and Relations, NDA, NDA 2011 (Phase 1)
Read the following passage and give answer.
The students of a class are offered three languages (Hindi, English and French). 15 students learn all the three languages whereas 28 students do not learn any language. The number of students learning Hindi and English but not French is twice the number of students learning Hindi and French but not English. The number of students learning English and French but not Hindi is thrice the number of students learning Hindi and French but not English. 23 students learn only Hindi and 17 students learn only English. The total number of students learning French is 46 and the total number of students learning only French is 11.
What is the total strength of the class?

Options:
A 124
B 100
C 96
D 66

The correct answer is:
124

Solution:
Total number of students in class $=96+28=124$

Topic: Mathematics, Sets and Relations, NDA, NDA 2011 (Phase 1)
Read the following passage and give answer.
The students of a class are offered three languages (Hindi, English and French). 15 students learn all the three languages whereas 28 students do not learn any language. The number of students learning Hindi and English but not French is twice the number of students learning Hindi and French but not English. The number of students learning English and French but not Hindi is thrice the number of students learning Hindi and French but not English. 23 students learn only Hindi and 17 students learn only English. The total number of students learning French is 46 and the total number of students learning only French is 11.
How many students learn English and French?

Options:
A 30
B 43
C 45
D 73

The correct answer is:
30

Solution:
Required number of students $=\mathrm{e}+\mathrm{k}=15+15=30$

Topic: Mathematics, Sets and Relations, NDA, NDA 2011 (Phase 1)
Read the following passage and give answer.
The students of a class are offered three languages (Hindi, English and French). 15 students learn all the three languages whereas 28 students do not learn any language. The number of students learning Hindi and English but not French is twice the number of students learning Hindi and French but not English. The number of students learning English and French but not Hindi is thrice the number of students learning Hindi and French but not English. 23 students learn only Hindi and 17 students learn only English. The total number of students learning French is 46 and the total number of students learning only French is 11.
How many students learn precisely two languages?

Options:
A 55
B 40
C 30
D 13

The correct answer is:
30

Solution:
Required number of students $=\mathrm{d}+\mathrm{e}+\mathrm{f}$ $=10+15+5=30$

Topic: Mathematics, Sets and Relations, NDA, NDA 2011 (Phase 1)
Read the following passage and give answer.
The students of a class are offered three languages (Hindi, English and French). 15 students learn all the three languages whereas 28 students do not learn any language. The number of students learning Hindi and English but not French is twice the number of students learning Hindi and French but not English. The number of students learning English and French but not Hindi is thrice the number of students learning Hindi and French but not English. 23 students learn only Hindi and 17 students learn only English. The total number of students learning French is 46 and the total number of students learning only French is 11.
How many students learn at least one languages?

Options:
A 45
B 51
C 96
D None of these

The correct answer is:
96

Solution:
Number of students learn at least one languages $=23+10+17+15+15+5+11=96$

Topic: Mathematics, Sets and Relations, NDA, NDA 2011 (Phase 1)
Read the following sentences about human reproduction:

A. The process of childbirth or parturition is induced by a complex neuroendocrine mechanism involving oxytocin.
B. The reproductive cycle of all primate mammals is called the menstrual cycle.
C. Most of the major organ systems of the foetus including genital organs are developed by the end of 24 weeks.
D. The second meiotic division of secondary oocyte is unequal and results in the formation of an ovum and a second polar body.

How many from the above is/are incorrect?

Options:
A Four
B Three
C Two
D One

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
The reproductive cycle of all primate females is called menstrual cycle. In this cycle at the end menstruation or bleeding phase occurs.
In non-primate females another reproductive cycle occurs called oestrous cycle.
Most of the major organ systems of the foetus including genital organs are developed by the end of 12 weeks or first trimester or 3 months.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Read the following statements a, b, c & d with respect to chromosomes and select the right option having correct statements.

i. A telomere is heterochromatic in nature.

ii. The telocentric chromosome has centromere close to its end.

iii. Satellite is located near primary constriction.

iv. Submetacentric chromosomes are L-shaped.

Options:
A i & ii
B ii & iii
C iii & iv
D i, ii & iv

The correct answer is:
i, ii & iv

Solution:
Telocentric chromosome has centromere at the end of the chromosome and in acrocentric chromosome, centromere is near the end. These centromeres are present in the primary constriction and all chromosomes have primary constriction but some chromosomes during metaphase also show secondary constrictions that are called satellite. They are present in some chromosome and help to identify the chromosome from others.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Read the following statements:

A. Meiosis I is completed during the conversion of the secondary follicle into the tertiary follicle.
B. Meiosis I in oogenesis is an unequal division.
C. Ovulation results in the release of the secondary oocyte

How many of the given statements are incorrect?

Options:
A None
B One
C Two
D All

The correct answer is:
None

Solution:
Following changes occur in the secondary follicle afterwhich it is immediately converted to tertiary follicle:
A. Development of a fluid filled cavity called antrum.
B. Differentiation of theca layer into theca interna (inner) and theca externa (outer).
C. Primary oocyte grows in size, completes meiosis-I (unequal division) resulting in the formation of a large haploid secondary oocyte and a small first polar body.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Read the following statements.

(a) Over one-third of all named species on earth are arthropods.
(b) All molluscs contain a file like a rasping organ for feeding.
(c) Nereis possess parapodia which help in swimming.
(d) Development is indirect in Bufo.

Choose the incorrect statements

Options:
A (a) and (b) only.
B (b) and (c) only.
C (c) and (d) only.
D None of these.

The correct answer is:
None of these.

Solution:
Phylum Arthropoda: This is the largest phylum of kingdom Animalia which includes insects. Over two-thirds of all named species on earth are arthropods.
Nereis possess lateral appendages, parapodia, which help in swimming.
In Molluscs, the mouth contains a file-like rasping organ for feeding, called a radula.
In Bufo (toad), fertilisation is external. They are oviparous, and development is indirect.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Read the following statements about acquired immunity. Which of the following statements are correct?

I. Acquired immunity is a non-specific type of immunity.
II. The primary and secondary immune responses are carried out with the help of lymphocytes present in our blood.
III. Each antibody molecule has two small heavy chains and two longer light chains respectively.
IV. Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by T-lymphocytes.

Options:
A I and III
B I, III and IV
C II, III and IV
D II and IV

The correct answer is:
II and IV

Solution:
I. Acquired immunity is highly pathogen-specific. It has a memory. It produces a primary response on its encounter with the pathogen for the first time which is of low intensity. On subsequent encounter, it produces a secondary response of higher intensity.
III. Each antibody molecule is made up of four polypeptide chains. There are two small light chains and two longer heavy chains respectively.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Read the following statements about monocot root. Which amongst them are correct?

I. It shows a polyarch condition of xylem.
II. Central pith is less or absent.
III. The monocot root does not undergo secondary growth.

Options:
A Only I
B I, II and III
C I and III
D I and II

The correct answer is:
I and III

Solution:
The monocot root is very similar to the dicot root in many aspects with minor similarities. It shows the presence of more than six xylem bundles hence said to have a polyarch condition. The pith is large and prominent. Secondary growth is not seen in monocot root due to the absence of vascular cambium.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the following statements about the vascular bundles:
(a) In roots, xylem and phloem in a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate manner along the different radii.
(b) Conjoint closed vascular bundles do not possess cambium.
(c) In open vascular bundles, cambium is present in between xylem and phloem.
(d) The vascular bundles of dicotyledonous stem possess endarch protoxylem.
(e) In monocotyledonous root, usually there are more than six xylem bundles present.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Options:
A (b), (c), (d) and (e) Only
B (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e)
C (a), (c), (d) and (e) Only
D (a), (b) and (d) Only

The correct answer is:
(a), (b), (c), (d) and (e)

Solution:
The vascular system consists of complex tissues,
the phloem and the xylem.The xylem and
phloem together constitute vascular bundles. In roots, xylem and phloem in a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate manner along the different radii the arrangement is called radial. Conjoint closed vascular bundles do not possess cambium. In open vascular bundles, cambium is present in between xylem and phloem. The vascular bundles of dicotyledonous stem possess endarch protoxylem. In monocotyledonous root, usually there are more than six xylem bundles present.

*Options were not academically correct, so rectified.*

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 1)
Read the following statements and choose the set of correct statements:
(A) Chrome steel is used for cutting tools and crushing machines.
(B) The fine dust of aluminium is used in paints and lacquers.
(C) Copper is used for reduction of alcohol.
(D) Zinc dust is used as a reducing agent in the manufacture of paints.
(E) Iron is used for galvanising zinc.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Options:
A $(A),(B)$ and (D) only
B $(B),(C)$ and (D) only
C $(D),(E)$ only
D $(A),(D)$ only

The correct answer is:
$(A),(B)$ and (D) only

Solution:
Chrome steel is used for cutting tools and crushing machines while fine dust of aluminium is used in paints and lacquers.
Zinc dust is a reducing agent for manufacture of dye-stuffs and paints.
So, statements A, B and D are correct.
Copper is used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols into aldehydes and ketones respectively at high temperature. So, statement (C) is incorrect.
For galvanisation of iron, zinc is used to prevent iron from corrosion so, statement $(E)$ is also incorrect.
Hence, correct statements are (A), (B) and (D) only.

Topic: Chemistry, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals, NEET, NEET 2023 (Manipur)
Read the following statements and choose the set of correct statements:
(a) Euchromatin is loosely packed chromatin.
(b) Heterochromatin is transcriptionally active.
(c) Histone octamer is wrapped by negatively charged DNA in the nucleosome.
(d) Histones are rich in lysine and arginine.
(e) A typical nucleosome contains 400bp of DNA helix.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Options:
A (a), (c), (d) Only
B (b), (e) Only
C (a), (c), (e) Only
D (b), (d), (e) Only

The correct answer is:
(a), (c), (d) Only

Solution:
In a typical nucleus, some region of chromatin are loosely packed (and stains light) and are referred to as euchromatin. The chromatin that is more densely packed and stains dark are called as heterochromatin. Euchromatin is said to be transcriptionally active chromatin, whereas heterochromatin is inactive.

In eukaryotes, this organisation is much more complex. There is a set of positively charged, basic proteins called histones. A protein acquires charge depending upon the abundance of amino acids residues with charged side chains. Histones are rich in the basic amino acid residues lysine and arginine. Histones are organised to form a unit of eight molecules called histone octamer. The negatively charged DNA is wrapped around the positively charged histone octamer to form a structure called nucleosome. A typical nucleosome contains 200 bp of DNA helix.

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 1)
Read the following statements:

i. Membrane-bounded inclusion bodies are not found in prokaryotic cells.
ii. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.
iii. Pili are the surface structure of the bacteria which may play a role in motility.
iv. The cell membrane of prokaryotes is structurally similar to the eukaryotes.

Choose the option with the correct statements.

Options:
A i, ii, iii and iv
B ii, iii and iv
C i, ii and iv
D i, iii and iv

The correct answer is:
i, ii and iv

Solution:
Pili are thin, hair-like appendages on the surface of bacteria. They are rigid in appearance than flagella, which have motility function. Bacteria use sex pili for the process of conjugation. Pili also function as receptors for donor-specific (male-specific) phages.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Read the following statements regarding meristematic cells and select the CORRECT ones

(i) Root apical meristem occupies the tip of the root while the shoot apical meristem occupies the distant most region of the stem axis.
(ii) The meristem which occurs between mature tissues is known as intercalary meristem.
(iii) Both apical meristems and intercalary meristems are secondary meristems.

Options:
A (i) and (ii)
B (ii) and (iii)
C (i) and (iii)
D (i), (ii) and (iii)

The correct answer is:
(i) and (ii)

Solution:
The meristems which occur at the tips of roots and shoots and produce primary tissues are called apical meristems. Root apical meristem occupies the tip of a root while the shoot apical meristem occupies the distant most region of the stem axis. During the formation of leaves and elongation of stem, some cells âleft behindâ from shoot apical meristem, constitute the axillary bud. Such buds are present in the axils of leaves and are capable of forming a branch or a flower. The meristem which occurs between mature tissues is known as intercalary meristem. They occur in grasses and regenerate parts removed by the grazing herbivores. Both apical meristems and intercalary meristems are primary meristems because they appear early in life of a plant and contribute to the formation of the primary plant body.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the following three statements (A–C) and select the option which includes all the correct ones only:

i. During the primary growth of the plant, specific regions of the apical meristem produce dermal tissue, ground tissue and vascular tissue.
ii. In plants, growth is restricted to specialized regions of active cell division
iii. Secondary meristems are also known as cylindrical meristems.

Options:
A Statement (i) and (ii)
B Statement (ii) and (iii)
C Statement (i), (ii) and (iii)
D Statement (i) and (iii)

The correct answer is:
Statement (i), (ii) and (iii)

Solution:
Plants cells have cells that are totipotent called meristem cells. Apical meristem of root and shoot gives rise to three meristems, first protoderm meristem that gives rise to epidermis, second ground meristem that produces the future cortex and endodermis and third procambium meristem that gives rise to primary vascular tissue and vascular cambium. Cylindrical meristem or secondary meristem increases the width of the cell.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Read these statements about meristematic tissues. Which amongst them are correct?

I. Apical meristem is found at the root and shoot apices of the plant.
II. Intercalary meristem is a secondary meristematic tissue.
III. The lateral meristem is found in the matured regions of the root and shoot.
IV. Lateral meristematic tissue contributes in the secondary growth of the plant.

Options:
A Only I
B II and III
C I, III and IV
D I and III

The correct answer is:
I, III and IV

Solution:
Apical and intercalary meristems are the primary meristem that is produced from promeristem. Lateral meristems are produced by de-differentiation of parenchymal cells; hence, they are secondary in origin. These three are classified on the basis of their position in the plant body.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Reason of diversity in living beings is due to

Options:
A Mutuation
B Long term evolutionary change
C Gradual change
D Short term evolutionary change

The correct answer is:
Long term evolutionary change

Solution:
Diversity is due to the long term evolutionary changes. Adaptability to continuous changes in environmental conditions is important for natural selection of variants and variations generation after generation leading to emergence of diverse descendants.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET