datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Secondary metabolites such as nicotine, strychnine and caffeine are produced by plants for their

Options:
A Growth response
B Defence action
C Effect on reproduction
D Nutritive value

The correct answer is:
Defence action

Solution:
Many plants, fungi, and microbes of certain genera and families synthesize a number of organic compounds (biomolecules) which are not involved in primary metabolism and seem to have no direct function in the growth and development of organisms. Such compounds are called secondary metabolites. A wide variety of other chemicals like nicotine, caffeine, quinine, strychnine, opium, etc., (also extracted at a commercial level from plants) are produced by plants actually as a defense against grazers and browsers.

Topic: Biology, Biomolecules (B), NEET, NEET 2020 (Phase 1)
Secondary nitroalkanes can be converted into ketones by using $Y$. Identify the $Y$ from the following

Options:
A Aqueous $\mathrm{HCl}$
B Aqueous $\mathrm{NaOH}$
C $\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}$
D $\mathrm{CO}$

The correct answer is:
Aqueous $\mathrm{HCl}$

Solution:
Secondary nitro alkanes upon hydrolysis with boiling HCl gives a ketone \& nitrous oxide.

Topic: Chemistry, Amines, VITEEE, VITEEE 2008
Secondary producers are
(a) Herbivores
(b) Producers
(c) Carnivores
(d) None of the above

Options:

None

Solution:
(d)

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem
Secondary producers are ___.

Options:
A Herbivores
B Producers
C Carnivores
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
None of the above

Solution:
There are no secondary producers. Plants are the only producers.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Secondary productivity is defined as

Options:
A the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis.
B the available biomass for the consumption to heterotrophs.
C the rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers.
D gross primary productivity minus respiration losses.

The correct answer is:
the rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers.

Solution:
Gross primary productivity of an ecosystem is the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis. A considerable amount of GPP is utilised by plants in respiration.
Gross primary productivity minus respiration losses (R), is the net primary productivity (NPP).
GPP â R = NPP
Net primary productivity is the available biomass for the consumption to heterotrophs (herbiviores and decomposers).
Secondary productivity is defined as the rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Secondary productivity is rate of formation of new organic matter by

Options:
A producer
B parasite
C consumer
D decomposer

The correct answer is:
consumer

Solution:
Secondary productivity is the rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers. Primary productivity depends on the producers inhabiting a particular area.
Decomposers breakdown complex organic matter. Into inorganic substances like carbon dioxide water and nutrients. Parasitic species food on the body of ather organisms.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET, NEET 2013 (All India)
Secondary succession takes place on/in:

Options:
A Bare rock
B Degraded forest
C Newly created pond
D Newly cooled lava

The correct answer is:
Degraded forest

Solution:
Secondary succession occur where vegetation was present previously, but vegetation was destroyed due to natural or artificial causes i.e. fire, flood, sudden changes in climate landslide. This succession is comparatively more rapid, requires 50-100 years for grassland and 100 – 200 years for forest.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 1)
Secondary valences of the following complexes based on their reactions with excess $\mathrm{AgNO}_3$ are
$\begin{array}{llc}\begin{array}{l}\text { Formula of the } \\ \text { complexes }\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}\text { Moles of AgCl precipitated } \\ \text { per mole of complex }\end{array} \\ \text { (I) } \mathrm{CoCl}_3 \cdot 6 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} & 3 \\ \text { (II) } \mathrm{NiCl}_3 \cdot 6 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} & 2 \\ \text { (III) } \mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{SO}_4\right) \mathrm{Br}^2 5 \mathrm{NH}_3 & 1 \\ \end{array}$
I II III

Options:
A 4 6 6
B 6 4 4
C 6 4 6
D 6 6 6

The correct answer is:
6 6 6

Solution:

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, TS EAMCET, TS EAMCET 2022 (20 Jul Shift 2)
Secondary xylem and phloem in dicot stem are produced by

Options:
A Phellogen
B Vascular cambium
C Apical meristems
D Axillary meristems

The correct answer is:
Vascular cambium

Solution:
The vascular cambium arises between the primary xylem and phloem of a young stem or root. Parenchymatous cells become meristematic and begin to produce secondary xylem or wood toward the inside of the cambium and secondary phloem toward the outside of the cambium.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2018
Secretion of the androgen by Leydig cells of testes is under the regulatory influence of

Options:
A STH
B FSH
C ACTH
D ICSH

The correct answer is:
ICSH

Solution:
This is also a glycoprotein whose molecules contain a polypeptide of 204 amino acid residues. In men, it stimulates the growth and function of the interstitial cells of testes (cells of Leydig), which secrete the male hormones (androgens) to regulate the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Select A, B, C, D and E from the following diagram

Options:
A Node, Internode, Primary Root, Secondary Root, Root System
B Internode, Node, Primary Root, Secondary Root, Root System
C Internode, Node, Primary Root, Secondary Root, Shoot System
D None of the above

The correct answer is:
Node, Internode, Primary Root, Secondary Root, Root System

Solution:
Node, Internode, Primary Root, Secondary Root, Root System are A, B, C, D and E respectively.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Select A, B, C, D, E, F from the following Diagram.

Options:
A Satellite, Secondary Satellite, Short arm, Centromere, Long Arm
B Satellite, Secondary Satellite, Long arm, Centromere, Short Arm
C Satellite, Secondary Constriction, Short arm, Centromere, Long Arm
D Kinetochore, Secondary Satellite, Short arm, Centromere, Long Arm

The correct answer is:
Satellite, Secondary Constriction, Short arm, Centromere, Long Arm

Solution:
Satellite, Secondary Constriction, Short arm, Centromere, Long Arm are A, B, C, D, E, F respectively.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Select correct statement for Cr.6NH3.Cl3 and Cr.5NH2.Cl3

Options:
A In both complex compounds secondary valency is satisfied by only NH3
B In both complex compounds Cl- are satisfying only primary valency
C In both complex compounds primary valency is satisfied by only Cl-
D In both complex compounds all Cl- are ionizable

The correct answer is:
In both complex compounds primary valency is satisfied by only Cl-

Solution:
Cr.6NH3.Cl3→[Cr(NH3)6]Cl3
Secondary valency '6' is satisfied by NH3 only while all Cl- satisfy primary valency only
Cr.5NH3.Cl3→[Cr(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
Secondary valency '6' is satisfied by five NH3 and one Cl- while all three Cl- satisfy primary valency.

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, NEET
Select incorrect pairing.

Options:
A Heterosomes — Sex chromosomes
B Lampbrush chromosomes — Diplotene bivalents
C Polytene chromosomes â Oocytes of amphibians
D Heterochromatin - Darkly stained region of chromosome

The correct answer is:
Polytene chromosomes — Oocytes of amphibians

Solution:
Polytene chromosomes are oversized chromosomes that are developed from standard chromosomes. Specialized cells undergo repeated rounds of DNA replication without cell division (endomitosis), to increase cell volume, forming a giant polytene chromosome. They are present in the salivary glands of dipteran flies like Drosophila.
Lampbrush chromosomes are a special form of chromosomes that are found in the growing oocytes (immature eggs) of most animals, except mammals.
Lampbrush chromosomes are present in the amphibian oocytes/immature eggs.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Select incorrect statement from the following.

Options:
A Vascular cambium and cork cambium are example of lateral meristems
B In dicot stems, endodermis is also referred as starch sheath
C Bark refers to all the tissues outside of the vascular cambium and is a non-technical term.
D In a dicot root, vascular cambium completely primary in origin

The correct answer is:
In a dicot root, vascular cambium completely primary in origin

Solution:
In dicot root secondary growth in stellar region occurs due to form of vascular cambium which develops from parenchyma cells of pericycle and parenchyma cells of conjuctive tissue to form a complete wavy ring of cambium which is completely secondary in origin.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Select one of the following pairs of important features distinguishing Gnetum from Cycas and Pinus and showing affinities with angiosperms.

Options:
A Perianth and two integuments
B Embryo development and apical meristem
C Absence of resin duct and leaf venation
D Presence of vessel elements and absence of archegonia

The correct answer is:
Presence of vessel elements and absence of archegonia

Solution:
Unlike Cycas and Pinus, Gnetum shows the occurrence of vessel elements and the absence of archegonia. Archegonia are altogether absent in the female gametophyte and vessels occur in the xylem along with the tracheids in the secondary wood. Thus Gnetum shows affinities with angiosperms. Besides it resembles angiosperms in several other aspects like presence of tetrasporic embryo sac, free nuclear divisions in the embryo sac, two cotyledonous embryo etc.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, AIIMS, AIIMS 2008
Select the alternative giving correct identification and function of the organelle ' $\mathrm{A}$ ' in the diagram.

Options:
A Mitochondria- Produce cellular energy in the form of ATP
B Golgi body - Provides packaging material
C Lysosomes- Secrete hydrolytic enzymes
D Endoplasmic reticulum - Synthesis of lipids

The correct answer is:
Mitochondria- Produce cellular energy in the form of ATP

Solution:
Related Theory
Mitochondria is sausage-shaped or cylindrical having double membrane, dividing its lumen distinctly into two aqueous compartments, i.e., the outer compartment and the inner compartment. The outer membrane forms the continuous limiting boundary of the organelle. The inner membrane forms a number of infoldings called the cristae towards the matrix, which increase the surface area.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET, NEET 2013 (Karnataka)
Select the correct combination of true and false for the given statements about pollen grain cells.

(1) The vegetative cell has an abundant food reserve.
(2) The vegetative cell has large irregularly shaped nucleus.
(3) The generative cell is small and is fixed in the cytoplasm of the vegetative cells.
(4) The generative cell is spindle-shaped and has dense cytoplasm.

Options:
A 1 - True, 2 - True, 3 - True and 4 - True
B 1 - True, 2 - True, 3 - False and 4 - True
C 1 - True, 2 - False, 3 - True and 4 - True
D 1 - False, 2 - True, 3 - True and 4 - False

The correct answer is:
1 - True, 2 - True, 3 - False and 4 - True

Solution:
Mature pollen grain contains two cells -
Vegetative cell - bigger with irregular shaped nucleus and abundant food reserve.
Generative cell - Spindle shaped with dense cytoplasm and nucleus. Found floating in cytoplasm of vegetative cell.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the correct match from the following:

I. Humoral mediated immunity: Given by killer T-cells.

II. Anamnestic immune response: Time taking, slow immune response.

III. Antigen binding site: variable region of both heavy and light chain.

Options:
A I, II, III
B I and III
C II and III
D only III

The correct answer is:
only III

Solution:
Antibody mediated immunity is called AMI or HI (humoral immunity). Antibodies are an army of protein molecule produced by B-lymphocytes.
Secondary immune responses are also called anamnestic responses, which are very fast, rapid and quick due to presence of memory cell.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Select the correct option of haploid cells from the following groups:

Options:
A Primary oocyte, Secondary oocyte, Spermatid
B Secondary spermatocyte, First polar body, Ovum
C Spermatogonia, Primary spermatocyte, Spermatid
D Primary spermatocyte, Secondary spermatocyte, Second polar body

The correct answer is:
Secondary spermatocyte, First polar body, Ovum

Solution:
During spermatogenesis and oogenesis, various structures are formed that are either haploid or diploid in nature. Based on ploidy, the structures can be classified as:

Diploid (2n): Spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, oogonia, and primary oocyte.

Haploid (n): Secondary spermatocyte, spermatids, spermatozoa, polar bodies, secondary oocyte, and ovum.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET, NEET 2020 (Phase 2)
Select the correct option which represents A, B, C and D respectively.

Options:
A Mammalia, Domestica, Sapindales, Triticum aestivum
B Mammalia, Hexapoda, Sapindales, Triticum aestivum
C Vertebrata, Diptera, Anacardiaceae, Triticum aestivum
D Mammalia, Musca domestica, Sapindales, Triticum aestivum

The correct answer is:
Mammalia, Musca domestica, Sapindales, Triticum aestivum

Solution:
A, B, C and D respectively are Mammalia, Musca domestica, Sapindales, Triticum aestivum

Topic: Biology, The Living World, NEET
Select the correct option with respect to characteristic features of given animals:

a. Annelida: Metamerically segmented and schizocoelomate animals.
b. Arthropoda: Jointed appendages with a closed circulatory system.
c. Ctenophora: Shows bioluminescence and also known as sea walnuts.
d. Porifera: Archaeocytes are called collar cells, lines the spongocoel.

Options:
A a, b, c are correct
B a, c, d are correct
C b and d are incorrect
D only d is incorrect

The correct answer is:
b and d are incorrect

Solution:
Arthropoda has jointed appendages, chitinous exoskeleton and open circulatory system called haemocoel. Porifera has totipotent cells called archaeocytes, which can give rise to any cells, whereas choanocytes are collar cells lineing the spongocoel.

Topic: Biology, Animal Kingdom, NEET
Select the correct pair amongst the following

Options:
A Spring wood – light colour, high density
B Spring wood – dark colour, low density
C Autumn wood – light colour, high density
D Autumn wood – dark colour, high density

The correct answer is:
Autumn wood – dark colour, high density

Solution:
The yearly growth of secondary xylem is distinct in the area which experiences two seasons, one favourable (spring or rainy season) and the other unfavourable (autumn, winter and dry summer). The wood formed in a single year consists of two types of wood, spring wood and autumn wood. The spring or early wood is much wider than the autumn or late wood. It is lighter in colour and of lower density. Spring wood consists of larger and wider xylem elements. The autumn or late wood is dark coloured and of higher density. It contains compactly arranged smaller and narrower elements which have comparatively thicker walls. In autumn wood, tracheids and fibres are more abundant than those found in the spring wood.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, AIIMS, AIIMS 2013
Select the correct pair.

Options:
A Large colorless empty cells in the epidermis of grass leaves.- Subsidiary
B In dicot leaves, vascular bundles are surrounded by large thick-walled cells - Conjunctive tissue
C Cells of medullary rays that form part of cambial ring - Interfascicular cambium
D Loose parenchyma cells rupturing the epidermis and forming a lens-shaped opening in bark - Spongy parenchyma

The correct answer is:
Cells of medullary rays that form part of cambial ring - Interfascicular cambium

Solution:
The Fascicular vascular cambium, interfascicular cambium and cork-cambium are examples of lateral meristems and are responsible for the secondary growth in dicotyledonous plants.

In dicot stems, the cells of the cambium present between the primary xylem and primary phloem are the intrafascicular cambium. Additionally, the cells of medullary rays, adjoining this intrafascicular cambium become meristematic and form the interfascicular cambium. Thus, a continuous ring of cambium is formed.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2021
Select the correct sequence of events in a sewage treatment process.

A. Passage of primary effluent into large aeration tanks for mechanical agitation and pumping of air.
B. Passage of effluent into the settling tank and formation of activated sludge.
C. Physical removal of particles through filtration and sedimentation.
D. Release of effluent from the secondary treatment plant into natural water bodies.
E. Growth of useful aerobic microbes into flocs which significantly reduce the BOD.

Options:
A A,C,B,E,D
B A,B,C,D,E
C C,A,E,B,D
D C,E,A,B,D

The correct answer is:
C,A,E,B,D

Solution:
The sequence of steps in sewage treatment is as follows:
Primary treatment: This involves physical removal of all small and large particles from the sewage through filtration and sedimentation. The solids which settle form the primary sludge and the supernatant forms the effluent. The effluent then passes to large aeration tanks for secondary treatment.
Secondary treatment: This involves the following steps:
1. Constant mechanical agitation of effluent inaeration tank and pumping of air.
2. As a result, there is growth of useful aerobicmicrobesinto flocs which consume majority of the oxygen in the effluent and significantly reduce the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD).
3. Passage of effluent into settling tanks where sedimentation of bacterial flocs occurs. This sediment is called the activated sludge.
4. The effluent from the secondary treatment plant is released into natural water bodies.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Select the correct sequence of events in secondary treatment of sewage.

Options:
A Floc formation → aerobic digestion → settling → anaerobic digestion
B Aerobic digestion → floc formation → settling → anaerobic digestion
C Floc formation → aerobic digestion → anaerobic digestion → settling
D Anaerobic digestion → floc formation → aerobic digestion → settling

The correct answer is:
Floc formation → aerobic digestion → settling → anaerobic digestion

Solution:
The effluent from primary treatment comes into the aeration tanks where the water is constantly agitated and aerobic bacteria are allowed to grow along with fungal filaments (floc formation). These flocs then aerobically digest the organic matter present in sewage. Then the flocs are allowed to settle in the settling tank. The sludge is pumped into anaerobic sludge digestors where the bacteria and fungi are digested by anaerobic bacteria and produce Biogas.

Topic: Biology, Microbes in Human Welfare, NEET
Select the correct set.

Options:
A Plant-Vanda; Organ-clinging root; Function- Moisture absorption
B Plant-Jasmine; Organ- Offset ; Function- Photosynthesis
C Plant-Pineapple; Organ- Sucker; Function- Propagation
D Plant-Nepenthes; Organ -Leaf tip; Function- Photosynthesis

The correct answer is:
Plant-Pineapple; Organ- Sucker; Function- Propagation

Solution:
Pineapples are propagated from slips or suckers. The crown is also used for cultivation, though it takes longer to grow.
Offset: It is a short runner with one internode long. It originates from leaf axil, grows as a short horizontal branch. It produces a rosette of leaves above and adventitious roots below.

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
Select the correct statement.

Options:
A Rheumatoid arthritis is an example of auto immune disease.
B Body secretions lack antibodies.
C Genetic material of HIV is ds DNA
D Spleen is a primary lymphoid organ.

The correct answer is:
Rheumatoid arthritis is an example of auto immune disease.

Solution:
Body secretions possess antibodies (IgA).
The genetic material of HIV is ss RNA.
The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Select the correct statement about productivity from the following.

Options:
A Gross primary productivity is the available biomass for the consumption to heterotrophs.
B Secondary productivity depends on the photosynthetic capacity of the plant species inhabiting a particular area.
C Productivity is expressed in terms of kgâ2 yrâ1 or (kcal mâ2 )yrâ1 to compare the productivity of different ecosystems.
D Of an approximate NPP of 170 billion tonnes, the productivity of the oceans are only 55 billion tons despite accupying 70% of the earth.

The correct answer is:
Of an approximate NPP of 170 billion tonnes, the productivity of the oceans are only 55 billion tons despite accupying 70% of the earth.

Solution:
The rate of biomass production is called productivity. It is expressed in terms of gâ2 yrâ1 or (kcal mâ2)yrâ1 to compare the productivity of different ecosystems. It can be divided into gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP).
Net primary productivity is the available biomass for the consumption to heterotrophs (herbiviores and decomposers).
Primary productivity depends on the plant species inhabiting a particular area. It also depends on a variety of environmental factors, availability of nutrients and photosynthetic capacity of plants. Therefore, it varies in different types of ecosystems. The annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere is approximately 170 billion tons (dry weight) of organic matter. Of this, despite occupying about 70 per cent of the surface, the productivity of the oceans are only 55 billion tons.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Select the correct statement about rainbow.

Options:
A We can see a rainbow in the western sky in the late afternoon
B The double rainbow has red on the inside and violet on the outside
C A rainbow has an arc shape, since the earth is round
D A rainbow on the moon is violet on the inside and red on the outside

The correct answer is:
The double rainbow has red on the inside and violet on the outside

Solution:
In late afternoon rainbow is visible in east side when light of sun in west side is reflected and refracted by a layer of water droplets. Rainbow is circular because locous of reflected rays reaching eye of observer is a circle. Its roundness is not due to roundness of earth.
There is no rainbow on moon due to lack of atmosphere. In case of a primary rainbow, violet colour is on inside and red colour is on outside of arc. In case of a secondary rainbow, red colour is on inside and violet colour is on outside of arc.

So, none of the option is correct. Option
(b) is correct, if only secondary rainbow is considered.

Topic: Physics, Ray Optics, KVPY, KVPY 2018 (SA)
Select the correct statement about the melting point of 1strow transition metals?

Options:
A V
B Mn
C Mn
D V

The correct answer is:
Mn

Solution:
Correct Option is : 2
Mn

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Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET