datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Assertion : The duck-billed Platypus and the spiny ant-e ater, both are egg-laying animals yet they are grouped under mammals.
Reason : Both of them have seven cervical vertebrae and 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
C If assertion is true but reason is false
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion

Solution:
To be a mammal the presence of hair and milk or mammary gland is must, but presence of 7 cervical vertebrae and 12 pairs of cranial nerves are also additional mammalian characteristics. The monotremes make up by far the smallest subclass of mammals, with just three species, found in Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea. One of these is the duck-billed platypus, and the remaining two are the echidnas, or spiny anteaters.The duck-billed platypus and the spiny anteater are mammals that lay eggs rather than give live birth to young ones. The platypus has a bill like a duck, fur like a mammal and webbed feet. It lays eggs that look like reptile eggs. Its young feed from the mother's mammary glands. The spiny anteater's covering looks like that of the porcupine. It has a long tongue to catch insects and a bill. It lays several eggs which it keeps in a pouch on its side.

Topic: Biology, Evolution, AIIMS, AIIMS 2005
Assertion : The earth without its atmosphere would be inhospitably cold.
Reason : All heat would escape in the absence of atmosphere.

Options:
A If both the assertion and reason are true and reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but assertion is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
C If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both the assertion and reason are true and reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution:
Heat radiated out by earth is reflected back by the atmosphere. In the absence of atmosphere, all the heat will escape from earth's surface which will make the earth inhospitably cold. The atmosphere helps in maintaining the temperature through convection of heat.

Topic: Physics, Thermal Properties of Matter, AIIMS, AIIMS 2002
Assertion : The higher concentration of \(\mathrm{O}_2\) in the atmosphere is inhibitory to photosynthesis.
Reason : \(\mathrm{CO}_2\) is the main substrate of photosynthesis.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
C If assertion is true but reason is false
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion

Solution:
Oxygen accumulation causes substantial inhibition of photosynthesis. Both oxygen evolution and $\mathrm{CO}_2$ assimilation were reduced in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. Oxygen causes a direct and indeed competitive inhibition of Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase. As a result glycolate synthesis is enhanced and leads to begin photorespiration. Carbon dioxide being one of the raw materials for photosynthesis, its concentration affects the rate of photosynthesis markedly. Because of its very low concentration in atmosphere $(0.03$ per cent only) it acts as a limiting factor in natural photosynthesis.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, AIIMS, AIIMS 2008
Assertion : The imbalance in the concentration of $\mathrm{Na}^{+}, \mathrm{K}^{+}$and proteins generates the resting potential.
Reason : To maintain the unequal distribution of $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$and $\mathrm{K}^{+}$, the neurons use electrical energy.

Options:
A If both the assertion and reason are true and reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but assertion is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
C If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If the assertion is true but the reason is false.

Solution:
To maintain the unequal distribution of $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ion, the neuron uses chemical energy in the form of ATP to actively transport $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$ion out of the cell and move $\mathrm{K}^{+}$inside the cell.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, AIIMS, AIIMS 2002
Assertion : The increase in internal energy $(\Delta E)$ for the vapourization of one mole of water at $1 \mathrm{~atm}$ and $373 \mathrm{~K}$ is zero.
Reason : For all isothermal processes, $\Delta E=0$.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion
B If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion
C If assertion is true but reason is false
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion

Solution:
At $373 \mathrm{~K}$ or $100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, the water starts boiling and at this temperature the vaporization of water is an isothermal process.
The internal energy change $(\Delta E)$, depend only on temperature, it follows that at constant temperature, the internal energy of the gas remains constant, i.e. $\Delta E$ is zero.

Topic: Chemistry, Thermodynamics (C), AIIMS, AIIMS 2003
Assertion : The leaves in gymosperms are welladapted to withstand extremes of temperature, humidity and wind.
Reason: Unlike bryophytes and pteridophytes, in gymnosperms the male and female gametophytes do not have an independent free-living existence.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

Solution:
The leaves in gymnosperms are welladapted to withstand extremes of temperature, humidity and wind. In conifers, the needlelike leaves reduce the surface area. Their thick cuticle and sunken stomata also help to reduce water loss. Unlike bryophytes and pteridophytes, in gymnosperms the male and the female gametophytes do not have an independent free-living existence. They remain within the sporangia retained on the sporophytes.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, AIIMS, AIIMS 2014
Assertion : The position of an element in periodic table after emission of one \(\alpha\) and two \(\beta\)-particles remains unchanged.
Reason : Emission of one \(\alpha\) and two \(\beta\)-particles give isotope of the element which acquires same position in periodic table.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Solution:
The loss of one \(\alpha\)-particle will reduce the mass number by four and atomic number by two. Subsequent two \(\beta\)-emissions will increase the atomic number by two without affecting the mass number. Hence, the new element will be only an isotope of the parent nucleide and hence its position in the periodic table remains unchanged.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Kinetics, AIIMS, AIIMS 2007
Assertion : The position of an element in periodic table after emission of one $\alpha$ - and two $\beta$-particles remains unchanged.
Reason : Emission of one $\alpha$ - and two $\beta$-particles give isotope of the element which acquires same position in periodic table.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
C If assertion is true but reason is false
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion

Solution:
The loss of one $\alpha$-particle will reduce the mass number by four and atomic number by two. Subsequent two $\beta$-emissions will increase the atomic number by two without affecting the mass number. Hence, the new element will be only an isotope of the parent nucleide and hence its position in the periodic table remains unchanged.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Kinetics, AIIMS, AIIMS 2010
Assertion: The position-time graph of a uniform motion in one dimension of a body can have negative slope.
Reason : If the body is moving in the opposite direction of positive motion, then its speed is negative.

Options:
A Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct explanation for assertion.
B Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a correct explanation for assertion
C Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
D Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.

The correct answer is:
Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect

Solution:
Negative slope of position time graph represents that the body is moving towards the negative direction and if the slope of the graph decrease with time then it represents the decrease in speed i.e. retardation in motion.

Topic: Physics, Motion In One Dimension, JEE Main
Assertion : The resistivity of a semiconductor increases with temperature.
Reason : The atoms of a semiconductor vibrate with larger amplitude at higher temperatures thereby increasing its resistivity.

Options:
A if both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion
B if both assertion and reason are true and the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion
C if assertion is true but reason is false
D if both assertion and reason are false statements.

The correct answer is:
if both assertion and reason are false statements.

Solution:
With the increase of temperature, the average energy exchanged in a collision increases and so more valence electrons can cross the energy gap, thereby increasing the electron-hole pairs. As in a semiconductor, conduction occurs mainly through electron-hole pairs, so conductivity increases with increase of temperature. Which in turn implies that the resistivity of a semiconductor decreases with rise in temperature.

Topic: Physics, Semiconductors, AIIMS, AIIMS 2003
Assertion : The size and shape of the rigid body remains unaffected under the effect of external forces.
Reason : The distance between two particles remains constant in a rigid body.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
C If assertion is true but reason is false
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion

Solution:
No Solution Available

Topic: Physics, Laws of Motion, AIIMS, AIIMS 2009
Assertion : The speed of sound in a gas is not affected by change in pressure provided the temperature of the gas remains constant.
Reason : The speed of sound is inversely proportional to the square root of the density of the gas.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

Solution:
No Solution Available

Topic: Physics, Waves and Sound, AIIMS, AIIMS 2018 (27 May)
Assertion: The time period of the SHM of a system consisting of a mass attached to spring does not depend on whether it is
hanging vertically from fixed support or lying on a horizontal table with another end of the spring fixed.
Reason: In the spring block system gravity affects only the mean position. The time period depends only on mass \& spring
constant.

Options:
A Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
B Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
C Assertion is true but Reason is false.
D Assertion and Reason are false.

The correct answer is:
Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Solution:
The time period of the SHM of a system consisting of a mass attached to spring does not depend on whether it is hanging vertically from fixed support or lying on a horizontal table with another end of the spring fixed. In the spring block system gravity affects only the mean position. The time period depends only on mass & spring constant.

T=2πmk

Topic: Physics, Oscillations, JEE Main
Assertion: The total resistance in series combination of resistors increases and in parallel combination of resistors decreases.
Reason: In series combination of resistors, the effective length of resistors increases and in parallel combination of resistors,
the area of cross-section of the resistors increases.

Options:
A If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is correct explanation of the Assertion.
B If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not explanation of the Assertion.
C If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
D If Assertion is false but Reason is true.

The correct answer is:
If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is correct explanation of the Assertion.

Solution:
In series combination, the effective length of resistor increases. As R oc 1, resistance increases in series combination

Resistance decreases in parallel combination. ,

In parallel combination, the effective area of cross-section increases. As R « - , resistance decreases in parallel A

Topic: Physics, Current Electricity, JEE Main
Assertion : $\left[\mathrm{Ti}\left(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\right)_6\right]^{3+}$ is coloured while $\left[\mathrm{Sc}\left(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\right)_6\right]^{3+}$ is colourless
Reason : $d-d$ transition is not possible in $\left[\mathrm{Sc}\left(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\right)_6\right]^{3+}$.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If the assertion and reason both are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Solution:
Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. has no unpaired electron in its subshell and thus transition is not possible whereas has one unpaired electron in its subshell which gives rise to transition to impart colour.

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, JEE Main
Assertion : Transpiration occurs only when stomata are open.
Reason : Transpiration occurs only through stomata.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are false.

Solution:
Transpiration occurs through stomata, cuticles and lenticels. Stomata usually open during the day time and close during night. In succulents or CAM plants, the stomata remain closed during the day and open only during the night. As cuticle, lenticel and bark lack any mechanism of closure, transpiration occurs throughout day and night.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, AIIMS, AIIMS 2018 (27 May)
Assertion : When a concentrated solution is diluted by adding more water, molarity of the solution remains unchanged.
Reason : Product of moles of a solute and volume is equal to the molarity.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are false.

Solution:
Molarity equation is written as $M_1 V_1=M_2 V_2$ thus if the $V_2$ changes $M_2$ also changes.
Molarity $=\frac{\text { moles of solute }}{\text { volume of solution in litre }}$

Topic: Chemistry, Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry, AIIMS, AIIMS 2008
Assertion: When height of a tube is less than liquid rise in the capillary tube, the liquid does not overflow.
Reason: Product of radius of meniscus and height of liquid in the capillary tube always remain constant.

Options:
A If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C If assertion is true but reason is false.
D If both assertion and reason are false.

The correct answer is:
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Solution:
As $h R=\frac{2 S}{\rho g}=$ a finite constant.
Hence when the tube is of insufficient length, radius of curvature of the liquid meniscus increases, so as to maintain the product $h R$ a finite constant, i.e., as $h$ decreases, $R$ increases and the liquid meniscus becomes more and more flat, but the liquid does not overflow.

Topic: Physics, Mechanical Properties of Fluids, AIIMS, AIIMS 2014
Assisted reproductive technology, IVF involves the transfer of:

Options:
A Ovum into the Fallopian tube
B Zygote into the Fallopian tube
C Zygote into the uterus
D Embryo with 16 blastomeres into the Fallopian tube

The correct answer is:
Zygote into the Fallopian tube

Solution:
ZYGOTE INTRA-FALLOPIAN TRANSFER (ZIFT): It is also one of the assisted methods of conception. The procedure for ZIFT is similar to IVF-ET. In this method, after In-vitro fertilization the zygote is transferred into the fallopian tube. After the transfer of zygote early stages of development, implantation and maintenance of pregnancy takes place in the normal method. The ZIFT is advantageous over GIFT, because in ZIFT fertilization is confirmed, whereas in GIFT we cannot know whether fertilization has taken place or not unless the woman becomes pregnant.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET, NEET 2014
Assume 100% ionisation of the following in aq. solution of
(I) PtNH36Cl4 (II) CrNH36Cl3 (III) CoNH34Cl2 (IV) NaCl
Increasing order of conductivity is:

Options:
A I < II < III < IV
B III < IV < II < I
C IV < III < II < I
D equal

The correct answer is:
IV < III < II < I

Solution:
(I) PtNH36Cl4 :no of ions = 5
PtNH36Cl4→PtNH36+4+4Cl-
(II) CrNH36Cl3 :no of ions = 4
CrNH36Cl3→CrNH363++3Cl-
(III) CoNH34Cl2 :no of ions = 3
CoNH34Cl2→CoNH342++2Cl-
(IV) NaCl: no of ions = 2
NaCl→Na++Cl-
So Increasing order of conductivity would be:
IV < III < II < I

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, JEE Main
Assume a cell with the following reaction Cu(s)+2Ag+1×10-3M→Cu2+(0.250M)+2Ag(s)
Ecell ∘=2.97 V

Ecell for the above reaction is V.

(Nearest integer)

[ Given : log2.5=0.3979, T=298 K]

Options:

The correct answer is:
3

Solution:
E=E°-0.0592logCu+2Ag+2
=2.97-0.0592log0.2510-32=2.81 V

Topic: Chemistry, Electrochemistry, JEE Main, JEE Main 2021 (22 Jul Shift 1)
Assume each oil drop consists of a capacitance of $C$. If combine $n$ drops to form a bigger drop, then the capacitance of bigger $\operatorname{drop} C^{\prime}$ would be

Options:
A $C^{\prime}=\frac{2 n^{1 / 3}}{3} C$
B $C^{\prime}=\frac{5 n^{1 / 3}}{4} C$
C $C^{\prime}=\frac{n^{1 / 3}}{5} C$
D $C^{\prime}=C \cdot n^{1 / 3}$

The correct answer is:
$C^{\prime}=C \cdot n^{1 / 3}$

Solution:
Capacitance of an oil drop of radius $r$ is
$C=4 \pi \varepsilon r$
when $n$ drops combine to form a large drop of radius $R$, then
$n \times$ volume of 1 small drop $=$ volume of 1 large drop
$n \times \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3=\frac{4}{3} \pi R^3 \Rightarrow R=n^{1 / 3} \cdot r$
So, capacitance of large drop is
$C^{\prime}=4 \pi \varepsilon R=4 \pi \varepsilon \cdot n^{\frac{1}{3}} \cdot r=n^{\frac{1}{3}} C$

Topic: Physics, Capacitance, JEE Main
Assume that a drop of a liquid evaporates by a decrease in its surface energy so that its temperature remains unchanged. The minimum radius of the drop for this to be possible is. (The surface tension is T, the density of the liquid is ρ and L is its latent heat of vaporisation.)

Options:
A TρL
B 2TρL
C ρLT
D TρL

The correct answer is:
2TρL

Solution:
Let the radius of the drop at time t=t be r and at an instant t=t+dt be r-dr

As surface area is given by, A=4πr2,

∴ decrease in surface area is,

dA=4π2rdr

∴ Decrease in surface energy during time dt is,

dU=TdA=T·8πrdr ...1

Decrease in volume during time dt is,

dV=4πr2dr

∴ Decrease in mass during time dt is,

dm=ρdV=4πρr2dr

∴ Heat required in vaporisation is,

dQ=Ldm=4πρr2drL ...2

Apply conservation of energy,

decrease in surface energy=heat required in vaporisation.

⇒ dU=dQ

⇒ 8Tπrdr=4πρr2drL

⇒2T=ρrL

⇒r=2TρL

Hence, the minimum radius is 2TρL

Topic: Physics, Mechanical Properties of Fluids, JEE Main, JEE Main 2013 (07 Apr)
Assume that a drop of a liquid evaporates by a decrease in its surface energy so that its temperature remains unchanged. The minimum radius of the drop for this to be possible is. (The surface tension is T, the density of the liquid is Ï and L is its latent heat of vaporisation.)

Options:
A T / Ï L
B 2 T / Ï L
C ρ L / T
D T / ρ L

The correct answer is:
2 T / ρ L

Solution:
When radius is decreased by dr
Decrease in surface energy = Heat required for vaporisation
8ÏrdrÃT=4Ïr2drÏ Lâr=2TÏL

Topic: Physics, Mechanical Properties of Fluids, NEET
Assume that a neutron breaks into a proton and an electron. The energy released during this process is (Mass of neutron $=1.6725 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg} ;$ mass of proton $=1.6725 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg} ;$ mass of electron $=9 \times 10^{-31}$ $\mathrm{kg})$

Options:
A
$0.73 \mathrm{~MeV}$

B
$7.10 \mathrm{~MeV}$

C
$6.30 \mathrm{~MeV}$

D
$5.4 \mathrm{~MeV}$

The correct answer is:
$0.73 \mathrm{~MeV}$

Solution:
$\begin{aligned}
\Delta m & =\left(m_p+m_e\right)-m_n \\
& =9 \times 10^{-31} \mathrm{~kg}.
\end{aligned}$
Energy released $=\left(9 \times 10^{-31} \mathrm{~kg}\right) \mathrm{c}^2$ joules
$\begin{aligned}
& =\frac{9 \times 10^{-31} \times\left(3 \times 10^8\right)^2}{1.6 \times 10^{-13}} \mathrm{MeV} \\
& =0.73 \mathrm{~MeV} .
\end{aligned}$

Topic: Physics, Nuclear Physics, JEE Main, JEE Main 2012 (Offline)
Assume that a tunnel is dug along a chord of the earth, at a perpendicular distance R2 from the earth's centre, where R is the radius of the earth. The wall of the tunnel is frictionless. If a particle is released in this tunnel, it will execute a simple harmonic motion with a time period:

Options:
A 12πgR
B 2πRg
C g2πR
D Image is virtual, opposite side of convex mirror.

The correct answer is:
2πRg

Solution:
Force along the tunnel

F=-GMmrR3cosθ

F=-gmRx GMR2=g, rcosθ=x

a=-gRx

ω2=gR

T=2πRg

Topic: Physics, Oscillations, JEE Main, JEE Main 2021 (26 Feb Shift 1)
Assume that an electric field E → = 3 0 x⁡ 2 i⁡ ^ exists in space. Then the potential difference V A - V O , where VO is the potential at the origin and VA the potential at x = 2 m is :

Options:
A 120 J C-1
B -120 J C-1
C -80 J C-1
D 80 J C-1

The correct answer is:
-80 J C-1

Solution:
∴dV=-E→.dx→
Integrating both sides,
∫VOVAdV=−30∫02x2dx
VA−VO=−30x3302=−80 J C-1

Topic: Physics, Electrostatics, JEE Main, JEE Main 2014 (06 Apr)