datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
What are the two main programmes under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan?

Options:
A Swachh Bharat Mission–Rural and Swachh Bharat Mission–Urban
B Swachh Bharat Mission–Coastal and Swachh Bharat Mission–Hills
C Swachh Bharat Mission–Educational and Swachh Bharat Mission–Health
D Swachh Bharat Mission–Industrial and Swachh Bharat Mission–Agricultural

The correct answer is:
Swachh Bharat Mission–Rural and Swachh Bharat Mission–Urban

Solution:
The two main programmes under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan are Swachh Bharat Mission–Urban (SBM–U) and Swachh Bharat Mission Gramin (SBM–G).

Topic: Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, NEET
What are the two main theories discussed in the paragraph to explain the nature of bonding in coordination compounds?

Options:
A Valence Bond Theory (VBT) and Ligand Field Theory (LFT)
B Crystal Field Theory (CFT) and Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT)
C Linus Pauling's Theory and Gilbert N. Lewis' Theory
D Ionic Bond Theory and Covalent Bond Theory

The correct answer is:
Crystal Field Theory (CFT) and Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT)

Solution:
The paragraph mentions that many approaches have been put forth to explain the nature of bonding in coordination compounds, including Valence Bond Theory (VBT) and Crystal Field Theory (CFT), among others.

Topic: Chemistry, Coordination Compounds, NEET
What are the two main tissues that make up the vascular system?

Options:
A Xylem and phloem
B Cambium and xylem
C Phloem and cambium
D Xylem and conjoint

The correct answer is:
Xylem and phloem

Solution:
The vascular system consists of complex tissues, the phloem and the xylem.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
What are the two main types of carboxylic acids based on the groups attached to the carboxylic carbon?

Options:
A Alkyl and aliphatic
B Aromatic and aliphatic
C Alkane and alkene
D Ketone and aldehyde

The correct answer is:
Aromatic and aliphatic

Solution:
Carboxylic acids can be categorized into aromatic carboxylic acids (ArCOOH) and aliphatic carboxylic acids (RCOOH) based on the groups (aryl or alkyl) attached to the carboxylic carbon.

Topic: Chemistry, Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, NEET
What are the two main types of cleavage for a covalent bond?

Options:
A Electrophilic and nucleophilic cleavage
B Heterolytic and homolytic cleavage
C Ionic and covalent cleavage
D Polar and nonpolar cleavage

The correct answer is:
Heterolytic and homolytic cleavage

Solution:
The two main types of cleavage for a covalent bond: heterolytic and homolytic cleavage.

Topic: Chemistry, General Organic Chemistry, NEET
What are the two main types of lymphocytes present in the blood?

Options:
A Neutrophils and eosinophils
B B and T forms
C Monocytes and basophils
D Megakaryocytes and thrombocytes

The correct answer is:
B and T forms

Solution:
Lymphocytes (20-25 per cent) are of two major types – ‘B’ and ‘T’ forms.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
What are the two main types of magnetic behavior observed when a magnetic field is applied to substances?

Options:
A Ferromagnetism and paramagnetism
B Diamagnetism and paramagnetism
C Ferromagnetism and diamagnetism
D Diamagnetism and ferromagnetism

The correct answer is:
Diamagnetism and paramagnetism

Solution:
When a magnetic field is applied to substances, mainly two types of magnetic behavior are observed: diamagnetism and paramagnetism.

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, NEET
What are the two main types of oxides formed by all members when heated in oxygen?

Options:
A Peroxide and superoxide
B Monoxide and dioxide
C Nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide
D Hydroxide and carbonate

The correct answer is:
Monoxide and dioxide

Solution:
When members are heated in oxygen, they form oxides, mainly in two types: monoxide (MO) and dioxide (MO2).

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 13 & 14), NEET
What are the two main types of smog based on their climate conditions and chemical composition?

Options:
A Classical and Photochemical
B Reducing and Oxidizing
C Hazy and Sunny
D Industrial and Natural

The correct answer is:
Classical and Photochemical

Solution:
Smog can be classified into two main types based on their climate conditions and chemical composition. Classical smog occurs in cool, humid climates and is characterized by a mixture of smoke, fog, and sulfur dioxide. It is also known as reducing smog. Photochemical smog, on the other hand, occurs in warm, dry, and sunny climates and results from the action of sunlight on unsaturated hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides produced by automobiles and factories. It has a high concentration of oxidizing agents and is called oxidizing smog.

Topic: Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, NEET
What are the two major functions of enzymes?

Options:
A To carry out physical reactions and maintain structural stability
B To transport substrates and products
C To hold the substrate for a chemical reaction and provide functional groups
D To create and destroy chemical bonds

The correct answer is:
To hold the substrate for a chemical reaction and provide functional groups

Solution:
Enzymes perform two major functions: holding the substrate for a chemical reaction and providing functional groups.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET
What are the two principal divisions of the Skeletal system?

Options:
A Axial and muscular
B Axial and ligament
C Axial and appendicular
D Axial and nervous

The correct answer is:
Axial and appendicular

Solution:
The Skeletal system is grouped into two main divisions - the axial skeleton which includes the bones that make up the central axis of the body such as the skull, spinal column, rib cage and the appendicular skeleton which includes bones of the upper and lower limbs and the bones that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
What are the values of KpKc for the following reactions at 300 K respectively?
(At 300 K, RT=24.62 dm2atm mol-1 )
N2 g+O2 g⇌2NO g
N2O4 g⇌2NO g
N2 g+3H2 g⇌2NH3 g

Options:
A 24.63 dm3atm mol-1,606.0 dm6atm2mol-2,1.65×10-3dm-6atm-2mol2
B 1,24.62 dm6atm3mol-1606.0 dm6atm2mol-2
C 1,24.62 dm3atm mol-11.65×10-3dm-6atm-2mol2
D 1, 4.1×10-2dm-3atm-1mol,606 dm6atm2mol-2

The correct answer is:
1,24.62 dm3atm mol-11.65×10-3dm-6atm-2mol2

Solution:
∵ KP=KCRTΔng
KPKC=RTΔng
(i) N2+O2⇌2NO Δng=0∴KPKC=1
(ii) N2O4⇌2Na2 Δng=1 ∴KPKC=RT1=24.621
(iii) N2+3H2⇌2 NH3 Δng=-2 ∴KPKC=RT-2=24.62-2=1.659×10-3 ≃1.65× 10 −3

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Equilibrium, JEE Main, JEE Main 2019 (10 Jan Shift 1)
What are the various factors due to which the ionisation enthalpy of the main group elements tends to decrease down a group?

Options:
A Effective nuclear charge decreases, atomic size increases, and shielding by inner electrons increases.
B Effective nuclear charge increases, atomic size decreases, and shielding by inner electrons decreases.
C Effective nuclear charge increases, atomic size increases, and shielding by inner electrons decreases.
D Effective nuclear charge decreases, atomic size decreases, and shielding by inner electrons decreases.

The correct answer is:
Effective nuclear charge decreases, atomic size increases, and shielding by inner electrons increases.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (A)
Effective nuclear charge decreases, atomic size increases, and shielding by inner electrons increases.

Topic: Chemistry, Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties, NEET
What are the various factors due to which the ionization enthalpy of the main group elements tends to decrease down the group ?

Options:

None

Solution:
Within the main group elements, the ionization enthalpy decreases regularly as we move down the group due to the following two factors.
(i) Atomic size. On moving down the group, the atomic size increases gradually due to the addition of one new principal energy shell at each succeeding element. As a result, the distance of the valence electrons from the nucleus increases. Consequently, the force of attraction of the nucleus for the valence electrons decreases and hence the ionization enthalpy decreases.
(ii) Screening effect. With the addition of new shells, the number of inner electron shells which shield the valence electrons increase. In other words, the shielding effect or the screening effect increases. As a result, the force of attraction of the nucleus for the valence electrons further decreases and hence the ionization enthalpy decreases.

Topic: Chemistry, Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
What are the ways to maintain good health?

Options:
A Balanced diet and regular exercise
B Personal hygiene
C Awareness about diseases
D All of the above

The correct answer is:
All of the above

Solution:
Good health can be maintained through a balanced diet, personal hygiene, regular exercise, awareness about diseases, proper disposal of waste, control of vectors, and hygienic food and water resources.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
What are $X$ and $Y$ in the following reactions?

Options:
A

B

C

D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
(i) Since $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ is highly polar in nature and aniline is highly reactive towards electrophilic substitution.
Thus, $\mathrm{Br}_2$ in $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ gives: 2, 4, 6 tribromo aniline as main product i.e.
and as a result only mono-substituted bromine at $p$-position is the major product i.e.,

Topic: Chemistry, Amines, AP EAMCET, AP EAMCET 2017 (26 Apr Shift 1)
What are X and Y, respectively in the following reactions ?

Au+aqua regia⟶AuCl4-+H2O+X

Pt+aqua regia⟶PtCl62-+H2O+Y

Options:
A N2O,NO
B N2O,N2O
C NO,NO
D NO,NO2

The correct answer is:
NO,NO

Solution:
Complete reactions are

Au+HNO3+3HCl→AuCl3+NO+2H2O

3Pt+4HNO3+18HCl→3H2PtCl6+4NO+8H2O

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), JEE Main
What are 'X' and 'Y' respectively?

Options:
A
B
C in both cases
D in both cases

The correct answer is:

Solution:
NaBH4 selectively reduces -CHO to -CH2OH and doe not reduce C=C to -CH2-CH2-
H2Pt reduces both -CHO and C=C to -CH2OH and -CH2CH2- respectively.

Topic: Chemistry, Aldehydes and Ketones, JEE Main
What aspect of controlling the sweetness of food is challenging when using alitame?

Options:
A Adjusting the sweetness level
B Maintaining food freshness
C Enhancing food appeal
D Reducing calories in food

The correct answer is:
Adjusting the sweetness level

Solution:
Controlling the sweetness of food is difficult when using alitame.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemistry in Everyday Life, NEET
What best describes the motion of an object under free fall when neglecting air resistance?

Options:
A The object moves with constant velocity.
B The object accelerates upward.
C The object accelerates downward.
D The object remains at rest.

The correct answer is:
The object accelerates downward.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (C)
The object accelerates downward.

Topic: Chemistry, Motion In One Dimension, NEET
What can be a consequence of non-biodegradable waste like polythene bags choking the sewers?

Options:
A Improved sewage system performance.
B Reduced maintenance costs for sewers.
C Increased sewer capacity.
D Inconvenience and problems with sewage flow.

The correct answer is:
Inconvenience and problems with sewage flow.

Solution:
The non-biodegradable waste like polythene bags choking the sewers can cause inconvenience and problems with sewage flow.

Topic: Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, NEET
What can be done with amorphous solids when they soften and start flowing?

Options:
A They can be molded and blown into various shapes.
B They become extremely rigid.
C They become crystalline.
D They remain unchanged.

The correct answer is:
They can be molded and blown into various shapes.

Solution:
Amorphous solids, when they soften and start flowing, can be molded and blown into various shapes, as stated in the paragraph.

Topic: Chemistry, Solid State, NEET
What causes changes in the colours of the soap or oil films for the given beam of light

Options:
A Angle of incidence
B Angle of reflection
C Thickness of film
D None of these

The correct answer is:
Thickness of film

Solution:
For viewing interference in oil films or soap bubble, thickness of film is of the order of wavelength of light.

Topic: Physics, Wave Optics, JEE Main
What causes the differences in rates of reactions among isotopes?

Options:
A Different electronic configurations
B Different physical properties
C Different enthalpy of bond dissociation
D Different atomic masses

The correct answer is:
Different enthalpy of bond dissociation

Solution:
The paragraph explains that the differences in rates of reactions among isotopes are mainly due to their different enthalpy of bond dissociation.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrogen, NEET
What causes the sea to appear red in color?

Options:
A The presence of large numbers of red dinoflagellates (Example: Gonyaulax)
B The release of toxins by marine animals such as fishes
C The rapid multiplication of red algae
D All of the above

The correct answer is:
The presence of large numbers of red dinoflagellates (Example: Gonyaulax)

Solution:
red dinoflagellates (Example: Gonyaulax) undergo rapid multiplication and make the sea appear red, also known as red tides. This is the main cause of the red color in the sea. Option B is incorrect as the paragraph states that the toxins are released by the red dinoflagellates, not marine animals such as fishes. Option C is also correct as the rapid multiplication of red dinoflagellates causes the red tides.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
What causes the temporary and permanent hardness of water?

Options:

None

Solution:
Due to the presence of soluble salts of magnesium and calcium in the form of chlorides in water, hardness remains permanent in water.
Due to the presence of soluble salts of calcium and magnesium in the form of hydrogen carbonates in water hardness remains temporary in water.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrogen
What change in non-metallic character is observed as you move down a group in the p-block?

Options:
A It remains constant.
B It increases.
C It decreases.
D It becomes metallic.

The correct answer is:
It decreases.

Solution:
Non-metallic character decreases down a group in the p-block, with the heaviest element in each group being the most metallic.

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 13 & 14), NEET
What change in optical rotation occurs when sucrose undergoes hydrolysis?

Options:
A It becomes more dextrorotatory
B It becomes more laevorotatory
C It remains unchanged
D It becomes optically inactive

The correct answer is:
It becomes more laevorotatory

Solution:
Sucrose hydrolysis changes its optical rotation from dextro (+) to laevo (-) due to the difference in the rotation of glucose and fructose.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
What characterizes equilibrium for a physical process in terms of one of its parameters?

Options:
A The parameter becomes undefined.
B The parameter constantly changes.
C The parameter remains constant.
D The parameter varies with temperature.

The correct answer is:
The parameter remains constant.

Solution:
When equilibrium is attained for a physical process, one of its parameters remains constant.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Equilibrium, NEET
What characterizes equilibrium for a physical process in terms of one of its parameters?

Options:
A The parameter becomes undefined.
B The parameter constantly changes.
C The parameter remains constant.
D The parameter varies with temperature.

The correct answer is:
The parameter remains constant.

Solution:
When equilibrium is attained for a physical process, it is characterized by a constant value of one of its parameters at a given temperature.

Topic: Chemistry, Chemical Equilibrium, NEET
What characterizes the movement of the magnetic substance during magnetic separation?

Options:
A It repels from the belt
B It moves away from the magnetic roller
C It remains attracted to the belt
D It dissolves in the conveyor belt

The correct answer is:
It remains attracted to the belt

Solution:
The magnetic substance remains attracted to the belt during the separation process using a conveyor belt and a magnetic roller.

Topic: Chemistry, General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals, NEET
What could be the reason for the faster rate of decomposition in the tropics?

Options:

None

Solution:
Tropical regions are characterised by high temperature and moisture. The soil is rich in humus and minerals. The decomposition rate is regulated by climatic factors, thus optimum temperature and humidity enhances the activity of decomposes while the dead remains are also available in high amount, this supports the faster rate of decomposition in the tropics.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem
What could happen if the present rates of species losses continue?

Options:
A Biodiversity will remain unchanged
B Biodiversity will increase
C We could lose all the wealth of biodiversity in less than two centuries
D Biodiversity will decrease but not dramatically

The correct answer is:
We could lose all the wealth of biodiversity in less than two centuries

Solution:
If the present rates of species losses continue, we could lose all the wealth of biodiversity in less than two centuries.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
What current will flow through the $2 \mathrm{k} \Omega$ resistor in the circuit shown in the figure?

Options:
A $3 \mathrm{mA}$
B $6 \mathrm{mA}$
C $12 \mathrm{mA}$
D $36 \mathrm{mA}$

The correct answer is:
$3 \mathrm{mA}$

Solution:
From KCL we have

$i=\frac{72}{8 \times 10^{3}}=9 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{A}$
$$
\begin{aligned}
i \times 6 &=(9-i) \times 3 \\
i &=3 \mathrm{mA}
\end{aligned}
$$

Topic: Physics, Current Electricity, JEE Main
What defines the effectiveness of a buffer solution in maintaining pH stability?

Options:
A Its temperature
B Its color
C Its buffering capacity
D Its chemical composition

The correct answer is:
Its buffering capacity

Solution:
The paragraph suggests that the effectiveness of a buffer solution in maintaining pH stability is determined by its buffering capacity.

Topic: Chemistry, Ionic Equilibrium, NEET
What did Charles and Gay Lussac's experiments reveal about the volume of a gas at constant pressure?

Options:
A The volume remains constant.
B The volume decreases with increasing temperature.
C The volume increases with increasing temperature.
D The volume decreases with decreasing temperature.

The correct answer is:
The volume increases with increasing temperature.

Solution:
The experiments of Charles and Gay Lussac showed that for a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases with increasing temperature.

Topic: Chemistry, States of Matter, NEET
What did the conclusion of the research suggest about the composition of compounds?

Options:
A It varies based on the source.
B It remains the same irrespective of the source.
C It depends on the experimental conditions.
D It is impossible to determine.

The correct answer is:
It remains the same irrespective of the source.

Solution:
The conclusion was that irrespective of the source, a given compound always contains the same elements combined together in the same proportion by mass.

Topic: Chemistry, Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry, NEET
What differentiates leaf of dicots from monocots?

Options:
A Parallel venation
B Differentiation of palisade and spongy parenchyma
C Stomata only on upper side
D Stomata both on upper and lower sides

The correct answer is:
Differentiation of palisade and spongy parenchyma

Solution:
Main differences between dicot and monocot leaves are as follows :
$\begin{array}{l|l|l}
\hline \text{Character} & \text{Dicot leaf} & \text{Monocot leaf} \\
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text{Type of leaf} \\
\text{Stomata}
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text{Dorsiventral} \\
\text{Usually more on} \\
\text{lower epidermis}
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text{Isobilateral} \\
\text{Equal on lower} \\
\text{and upper epidermis}
\end{array} \\
\hline \text{Mesophyll} & \begin{array}{l}
\text{Differentiated} \\
\text{into palisade and} \\
\text{spongy parenchyma} \\
\text{Made up of} \\
\text{Bndifferentiated} \\
\text{parencyma. Just spongy and} \\
\text{above and below} \\
\text{the vascular bundles. Some} \\
\text{parenchymatouscells or} \\
\text{collenchymatouscells are present} \\
\text{upto epidermis.}
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text{Made up of parenchyma but} \\
\text{just above and} \\
\text{lelow the vascular bundles are} \\
\text{sclerenchymatous cells}
\end{array} \\
\hline \text{Bulliform cells} & \begin{array}{l}
\text{Present, these} \\
\text{cells help in rolling and unrolling} \\
\text{of leaves.} \\
\text{Parallel}
\end{array} \\
\hline \text{Venation} & \begin{array}{l}
\text{Reticulate}
\end{array} \\
\hline
\end{array}$

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, JIPMER, JIPMER 2010
What do you mean by Kolbe’s reaction?

Options:
A Kolbe's reaction is a method for the preparation of carboxylic acids from alcohols.
B Kolbe's reaction involves the conversion of alkenes into alkanes by hydrogenation.
C Kolbe's reaction is a process for the synthesis of alkyl halides from alkanes.
D When phenol is treated with sodium hydroxide, sodium phenoxide is produced. This sodium phenoxide when treated with carbon dioxide, followed by acidification, undergoes electrophilic substitution to give ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid as the main product. This reaction is known as Kolbe’s reaction.

The correct answer is:
When phenol is treated with sodium hydroxide, sodium phenoxide is produced. This sodium phenoxide when treated with carbon dioxide, followed by acidification, undergoes electrophilic substitution to give ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid as the main product. This reaction is known as Kolbe’s reaction.

Solution:
Correct Option is : (D)
When phenol is treated with sodium hydroxide, sodium phenoxide is produced. This sodium phenoxide when treated with carbon dioxide, followed by acidification, undergoes electrophilic substitution to give ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid as the main product. This reaction is known as Kolbe’s reaction.

Topic: Chemistry, Alcohols Phenols and Ethers, NEET
What do you understand by
(i) electron-deficient,
(ii) electron-precise, and
(iii) electron-rich compounds of hydrogen ?
Provide justification with suitable examples.

Options:

None

Solution:
Molecular hydride is classified on the basis of the presence of the bonds and total number of electrons in their Lewis structures as:
1. Electron-deficient hydrides
2. Electron-precise hydrides
3. Electron-rich hydrides
1. An electron-deficient hydride has very less electrons, less than that required for representing its conventional Lewis structure.
E.g. \(\mathrm{BH}_3, \mathrm{AIH}_3\) etc.
They exist in diameric forms such as \(\mathrm{B}_2 \mathrm{H}_6, \mathrm{AI}_2 \mathrm{H}_6\) to they make up their deficiency.
In \(\mathrm{B}_2 \mathrm{H}_6\), there are 6 bonds in all, out of which only 4 bonds are regular 2 centered 2 electron bonds. The remaining 2 bonds are 3 centered 2 electron bonds i.e., 2 electrons are shared by 3 atoms.
2. An electron-precise hydride has a sufficient number of electrons to be represented to form covalent bond. E.g. \(\mathrm{CH}_4, \mathrm{SiH}_4\) etc.
In this compound 4 regular bonds are formed where 2 electrons are shared by 2 atoms.
3. An electron-rich hydride compounds contains excess valence electrons to form covalent bonds.
E.g. \(\mathrm{NH}_3, \mathrm{PH}_3\)
There are 3 regular bonds in all with a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.

Topic: Chemistry, Hydrogen