datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Select FALSE statement from the following.

Options:
A A persistent nucellus is called a perisperm.
B The integuments of an ovule harden as tough protective seed coats.
C The micropyle remains as a small pore in the seed coat and facilitates entry of oxygen and water into seed during germination.
D The general metabolic activity of the embryo is high post-fertilization.

The correct answer is:
The general metabolic activity of the embryo is high post-fertilization.

Solution:
Nucellus tissue around the embryo in ovule is referred to as perisperm. After fertilization the integuments form the seed coat -testa and tegmen. The pollen tube entry opening micropyle persists in seed to facilitate entry if oxygen and water.
After fertilization, the metabolic activity in embryo development is not high.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Select one of the following of important features distinguishing Gnetum from
Cycas and Pinus and showing
affinities with angiosperms

Options:
A Embryo development and apical meristem
B Absence of resin duct and leaf venation
C Presence of vessel elements and absence of archegonia
D Perianth and two integuments

The correct answer is:
Presence of vessel elements and absence of archegonia

Solution:
Members of order Gnetales possess vessels and show absence of archegonia.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET, NEET 2008 (Mains)
Select the answer which correctly matches the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes and its function/deficiency symptom.

Options:
A

Endocrine gland	Hormone	Function/deficiency symptoms
Thyroid gland	Thyroxine	Lack of iodine in diet results in goitre

B

Endocrine gland	Hormone	Function/deficiency symptoms
Corpus luteum	Testosterone	Stimulates spermatogenesis

C

Endocrine gland	Hormone	Function/deficiency symptoms
Anterior pituitary	Oxytocin	Stimulates uterus contraction during childbirth

D

Endocrine gland	Hormone	Function/deficiency symptoms
Posterior pituitary	Growth Hormone (GH)	Oversecretion stimulates abnormal growth

The correct answer is:

Endocrine gland	Hormone	Function/deficiency symptoms
Thyroid gland	Thyroxine	Lack of iodine in diet results in goitre

Solution:
The thyroid gland secretes two hormones into the blood, namely thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine T3 . The corpus luteum secretes progesterone which helps in maintaining pregnancy, the anterior pituitary secretes six major hormones which are prolactin, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone each hormone having different roles. The posterior pituitary secretes oxytocin and vasopressin where the former stimulates uterine contractions whereas the latter helps in osmotic regulation.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Select the answer with correct matching of the structure, its location and function.

Options:
A (a)
B (b)
C (c)
D (d)

The correct answer is:
(c)

Solution:
Hypothalamus is the part of the sides and floor of the brain derived from the forebrain. It lies at the base of the thalamus. The hypothalamus contains a number of centres, which control body temperature, urge for eating and drinking. It also contains several groups of neurosecretory cells, which secrete hormones called hypothalamic hormones.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET, NEET 2010 (Mains)
Select the correct adsorption isobars for chemisorptions and physisorption respectively
(Here, xm degree of adsorption)

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
As on increasing temperature chemical adsorption first increases and then decreases while physical adsorption always decreases with increase of temperature so here option C graphs represent the correct adsorption isobars for chemisorptions and physisorption respectively.

Topic: Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, JEE Main
Select the correct combination of materials which make up the 0.1% impurities of wastewater composition.

(a) Suspended solids	(i) Nitrate, NH3, sodium, calcium and phosphate

(b) Colloidal material	(ii) Faecal matter, bacteria, cloth and paper

(c) Dissolved material	(iii) Sand, silt and clay

Options:
A a-i, b-ii, c-iii
B a-iii, b-ii, c-i
C a-ii, b-iii, c-i
D a-i, b-iii, c-ii

The correct answer is:
a-iii, b-ii, c-i

Solution:
Waste water has 99.9% water and 0.1% waste including suspended solids and dissolved materials. Small solid particles are referred as suspended solids remain in suspension in water due to the motion of the water. It includes sand, silt and clay. Waster part also has colloidal particles including non-settleable organic matter, cloth, paper, small particles of decayed plant material.

Topic: Biology, Environmental Issues, NEET
Select the correct combination of the statements (A-D) regarding the characteristics of certain organisms.
A. Methanogens are Archaebacteria, which produce methane in marshy areas.
B. Nostoc is a filamentous blue-green algae, which fixes atmospheric nitrogen.
C. Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria synthesize cellulose from glucose.
D. Mycoplasma lack a cell wall and can survive without oxygen.

Options:
A B, C
B A, B, C
C B, C, D
D A, B, D

The correct answer is:
A, B, D

Solution:
Methanogens are archaebacteria, which produce methane in marshy areas.
Nostoc is a blue-green alga, which fixes atmospheric nitrogen.
Chemosynthetic autotrophs oxidize inorganic substances to produce energy and help in the cycling of minerals.
Mycoplasmas are a group of eubacteria that lack a rigid cell wall and can survive without oxygen.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET, NEET 2010 (Mains)
Select the correct description regarding the chemical messengers released by glands found on top of kidney.

Options:
A Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of K+ and water from the renal tubules.
B Cortisol is a major glucocorticoid.
C Glucocorticoids promote cellular uptake and utilisation of amino acids.
D Androgens helps in the maintenance of body fluid volume and osmotic pressure only.

The correct answer is:
Cortisol is a major glucocorticoid.

Solution:
I. Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ and water from renal tubules.III. Glucocorticoids inhibit cellular uptake and utilisation of amino acids.IV. Aldosterone helps in the maintenance of body fluid volume, electrolytes, osmotic pressure and blood pressure.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Select the correct even from below that is most likely to occur during the three subphases of the interphase of the mitotic cell cycle.

Options:
A During G1 phase, the cell is metabolically active and replicates its DNA.
B During S phase, duplication of centrioles takes place.
C The number of chromosomes becomes double in the synthesis phase.
D Replication of DNA starts during the G2 phase and proteins are synthesized in order to prepare the cell for mitosis.

The correct answer is:
During S phase, duplication of centrioles takes place.

Solution:
Interphase can be subdivided into 3 further phase: G1, S and G2.
G1 phase corresponds to the interval between mitosis and initiation of DNA replication. During G1 phase the cell is metabolically active and continuously grows but does not replicate its DNA. S or synthesis phase marks the period during which DNA synthesis or replication takes place. During this time the amount of DNA per cell doubles. If the initial amount of DNA is denoted as 2C then it increases to 4C. However, there is no increase in the chromosome number; if the cell had diploid or 2n number of chromosomes at G1, even after S phase the number of chromosomes remains the same, i.e., 2n. In animal cells, during the S phase, DNA replication begins in the nucleus, and the centriole duplicates in the cytoplasm. During the G2 phase, proteins are synthesised in preparation for mitosis while cell growth continues

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
Select the CORRECT match.

Options:
A Sedimentary cycle - Nitrogen cycle
B Guano deposit - Phosphorus cycle
C Lithosphere - Reservoir pool of carbon
D Quercus - Species of woodland stage

The correct answer is:
Guano deposit - Phosphorus cycle

Solution:
The movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter between living and non-living component in a cyclical manner refers to nutrient cycle. These are also called as biogeochemical cycles as there is involvement of biotic and abiotic factors and chemical reactions. There are many important cycles which help in maintaining the biosphere like carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle etc.
Phosphorus is important for the biological membranes and nucleic acids. Also, it is important part of the energy molecule ATP. The natural reservoir of phosphorus is rock and also, phosphorus is released during the breakdown of waste products like guano deposits of birds and bats, and dead organisms by the decomposers like phosphate solubilizing bacteria. These form a part in the phosphorus cycle.
Lithosphere is considered as reservoir for sulfur and phosphorus.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Select the correct match based on the type of aestivation of corolla and their examples.

Options:
A Valvate - Cassia
B Twisted - China rose, ladyfinger, Calotropis
C Imbricate - Cassia and Gulmohar
D Vexillary - Pea, Bean, Aloe, Tulip

The correct answer is:
Imbricate - Cassia and Gulmohar

Solution:
Aestivation is the mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in floralbud with respect to the other members of the same whorl. There are four main types of aestivation, Valvate- Calotropis, Twisted - China rose, ladyfinger, cotton, Imbricate - Cassia and Gulmohar, Vexillary - Pea, Bean.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the correct match for List \( -\mathrm{I} \) (substances) with List -II (processes) employed in the manufacture of the substances.
\(\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline & \text{List -I} & & \text{List -II} \\ \hline A & \text{Sulphuric acid} & \mathrm{P} & \text{Haber's process} \\ \hline B & \text{Steel} & \mathrm{Q} & \text{Bessemer process} \\ \hline C & \text{Sodium bicarbonate} & \mathrm{R} & \text{Leblanc process} \\ \hline D & \text{Ammonia} & \mathrm{S} & \text{Contact process} \\ \hline & & \mathrm{T} & \text{Solvay process} \\ \hline \end{array}\)

Options:
A \( (\mathrm{A}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{S}) ;(\mathrm{B}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{R}) ;(\mathrm{C}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{P}) ;(\mathrm{D}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{Q}) \)
B \( (\mathrm{A}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{P}) ;(\mathrm{B}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{Q}) ;(\mathrm{C}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{R}) ;(\mathrm{D}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{S}) \)
C \( (\mathrm{A}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{S}) ;(\mathrm{B}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{Q}) ;(\mathrm{C}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{T}) ;(\mathrm{D}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{P}) \)
D \( (\mathrm{A}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{S}) ;(\mathrm{B}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{T}) ;(\mathrm{C}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{P}) ;(\mathrm{D}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{R}) \)

The correct answer is:
\( (\mathrm{A}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{S}) ;(\mathrm{B}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{Q}) ;(\mathrm{C}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{T}) ;(\mathrm{D}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{P}) \)

Solution:
S Q T P

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), JEE Main
Select the correct match from the following.

Options:
A Albumin : help to maintain osmotic balance
B Globulin : helps to provide immunity
C Fibrinogen: prevent blood loss
D All of the above

The correct answer is:
All of the above

Solution:
There are three major proteins present in plasma of blood. Their important function is:
Albumin: helps to retain water so maintain osmotic balance
Globulin: used to form antibodies which provide immunity(AMI)
Fibrinogen: converted to fibrin threads and causes blood clotting to prevent blood loss.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Select the correct match from the following.

Options:
A

Aestivation	Example
Imbricate	Gulmohar

B

Aestivation	Example

Vexillary	Aloe

C

Aestivation	Example

Valvate	Cassia

D

Aestivation	Example

Twisted	Calotropis

The correct answer is:

Aestivation	Example
Imbricate	Gulmohar

Solution:
Aestivation is the mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in floralbud with respect to the other members of the same whorl. There are four main types of aestivation, Valvate- Calotropis, Twisted - China rose, ladyfinger, cotton, Imbricate - Cassia and Gulmohar, Vexillary - Pea, Bean.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the correct match from the following options.

Options:
A Nissl's granules - Found in axon.
B Non-myelinated neurons of peripheral nervous system - Schwann cells present but do not secrete myelin sheath.
C Unipolar neuron - Possess 1 dendrite.
D Sodium - potassium pump - Transports 2K+ into the intracellular fluid.

The correct answer is:
Non-myelinated neurons of peripheral nervous system - Schwann cells present but do not secrete myelin sheath.

Solution:
Nissl's granules: Nissl's granules are large granular bodies found in the cyton of nerve cells. They are made of granular endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes that occurs in nerve cell bodies and dendrites. They play an important role in protein synthesis.
Myelinated nerve fibres: The myelinated nerve fibres are enveloped with Schwann cells that form a myelin sheath around the axon. Nodes of Ranvier (gaps between two adjacent myelin sheaths) present.
Examples: Found in spinal and cranial nerves.
Non-myelinated nerve fibres: Unmyelinated nerve fibres are enveloped with Schwann cells that do not form a myelin sheath around the axon. Nodes of Ranvier is absent.
Examples: Commonly found in autonomous and somatic neural systems.
Unipolar neuron: These neurons possess 1 axon but no dendrite. Example - Neurons in the embryonic stage.
Na+-K+ pump: These ionic gradients across the resting membrane are maintained by the Na+-K+ pump which actively transports 3Na+ outwards for 2K+ into the cell.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Select the correct matching in the following pairs:

Options:
A Smooth ER - Oxidation of phospholipids
B Smooth ER - Synthesis of lipids
C Rough ER - Synthesis of glycogen
D Rough ER - Oxidation of fatty acids

The correct answer is:
Smooth ER - Synthesis of lipids

Solution:
Synthesis of lipids is the main function of smooth ER, besides this smooth ER also engaged in synthesis of glycogen and steroids. Rough ER is responsible for protein synthesis. Oxidation of fatty acids takes place in microbodies (Glyoxysomes).

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET, NEET 2015 (Phase 1)
Select the correct matching of a hormone its source and function.

Options:
A (a)
B (b)
C (c)
D (d)

The correct answer is:
(b)

Solution:
Hormone noradrenaline or norepinephrine is secreted by the cells of adrenal medulla. Under normal condition, it maintains the blood pressure. It causes contraction of essentially all the blood vessels of the body. This results an increased activity of heart, raised blood pressure, stimulated respiration, positive oxygen consumption, etc.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET, NEET 2010 (Mains)
Select the correct option, among Sc (III), Ti (IV), Pd (II) and Cu (II) ions

Options:
A all are paramagnetic
B all are diamagnetic
C Sc (III), Ti (IV) are paramagnetic and Pd (III), Cu (II) are diamagnetic
D Sc (III), Ti (IV) are diamagnetic and Pd (II), Cu (III) are paramagnetic

The correct answer is:
Sc (III), Ti (IV) are diamagnetic and Pd (II), Cu (III) are paramagnetic

Solution:
Sc3+3d0,Ti4+3d0 are diamagnetic while Pd2+4d8 and Cu2+3d9 are paramagnetic.

Topic: Chemistry, d and f Block Elements, JEE Main
Select the correct option describing gonadotropin activity in a normal pregnant female:

Options:
A High level of FSH and LH stimulates the thickening of endometrium.
B High level of FSH and LH facilitate implantation of the embryo.
C High level of hCG stimulates the synthesize of estrogen and progesterone.
D High level of hCG stimulates the thickening of endometrium.

The correct answer is:
High level of hCG stimulates the synthesize of estrogen and progesterone.

Solution:
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced primarily by syncytiotrophoblastic cells of the placenta during pregnancy. The hormone stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone to maintain the pregnancy. It maintains the corpus luteum and thereby stimulates the synthesis of estrogen and progesterone.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET, NEET 2014
Select the correct option of organelle with its function.

Options:
A Golgi apparatus - packaging and transportation of proteins
B Lysosomes - excretion in some organisms like Amoeba
C RER - synthesis and breakdown of lipids
D Cilia - hair-like appendage which plays a role in bacterial conjugation

The correct answer is:
Golgi apparatus - packaging and transportation of proteins

Solution:
Golgi body are main site for processing, packaging and transportation of proteins. RER transfers its newly synthesized protein on cis face of golgi body and mature proteins are released on trans face. Lysosome carries out intracellular and extracellular digestion, RER is site of protein synthesis. Cell membrane is selectively permeable.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Select the correct option with respect to cockroaches.

Options:
A Malpighian tubules convert nitrogenous wastes into urea.
B Males bear short anal styles not present in females.
C Nervous system comprises of a dorsal nerve cord and ten pairs of ganglia.
D The forewings are tegmina which are used in flight

The correct answer is:
Males bear short anal styles not present in females.

Solution:
In cockroaches, male have paired anal styles on $9^{\text {th }}$ abdominal sternite, which are absent in females. It helps in holding females during copulation. Malpighian tubules are main excretory organs which extract nitrogenous wastes and water from haemolymph and reabsorb certain salts, forming uric acid crystals. Nervous system comprises of a ventral nerve cord and 10 pairs of ganglia. Forewings are highly sclerotised and are not used in flight purpose. They are used to protect the hindwings at rest.
Related Theory
In cockroach, the wings are two pairs, arises from mesothorax. The first pair of wings are heavily sclerotized and are known as elytra or tegmina. These are protective and cover the hind wings in a folded state, the left tegmen partly overlaps the right.
The second pair of wings are membranous and larger, they lie folded below the tegmina when at rest. Each wing has two membranous layers with tubular and chitinous prolongations of the haemocoel between them known as veins or nervures which contain blood in the early stages. Veins are strongly chitinised and enclose $a$ small trachea; the larger veins also contain a fine nerve fibre.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET, NEET 2013 (Karnataka)
Select the correct option with respect to mitosis.

Options:
A Chromatids start moving towards opposite poles in telophase
B Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum are still visible at the end of prophase
C Chromosomes move to the spindle equator and get aligned along equatorial plate in metaphase
D Chromatids separate but remains in the centre of the cell in anaphase

The correct answer is:
Chromosomes move to the spindle equator and get aligned along equatorial plate in metaphase

Solution:
In metaphase of mitosis, spindle fibres attach to kinetochore of chromosomes. Chromosomes are moved to spindle equator and get alligned along metaphasic plate through spindle fibres to both pole.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET, NEET 2011 (Screening)
Select the correct options for the following statements.
1. Cl2O and ClO2 are used as bleaching agents.
2. OCl- salts are used as detergents.
3. OCl- disproportionates in alkaline medium.
4. BrO3- is oxidized in acidic medium.

Options:
A 1, 2, 3 correct
B 2, 3, 4 correct
C 1, 2, 4 correct
D 1, 3, 4 correct

The correct answer is:
1, 2, 3 correct

Solution:
Cl2O and ClO2 both gases are used to prepare NaClO2 , which is used as bleaching agent.
BrO3-+F2+2OH-→BrO4-+2F-+H2O

Topic: Chemistry, p Block Elements (Group 15, 16, 17 & 18), JEE Main
Select the CORRECT pair out of the following.

Options:
A Hypostomatic leaf - Dicots
B Epistomatic leaf - Monocots
C Amphistomatic leaf - Free-floating hydrophytes
D Presence of sunken stomata in leaf - Submerged hydrophytes

The correct answer is:
Hypostomatic leaf - Dicots

Solution:
Leaves may be Hypostomatic, Epistomatic and Amphistomatc on the basis of location of stomata. When stomata is present on the under side of leaf then it is called Hypostomatic. These are present in dicots. For example Ficus and Nerium.
In epistomatic leaf stomata are present only in adaxial surface (upper surface) of leaf. Epistomatic leaves are found in aquatic plants. Nymphaea is an example.
In Amphistomatic leaf stomata are present in both adaxial and abaxial surface of leaf. Such leaves are present in most herbaceous dicots.
When stomata are present below the level of epidermal cell, then it is called sunken stomata. It is the main characteristic of xerophytes.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET
Select the correct plot of radial probability function (4πr2R2) for 2s-orbital.

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
Option B is correct plot because only for 2s-orbital, there will be single radial node.
Number of radial node = n–l–1=2–0–1=1

Topic: Chemistry, Structure of Atom, JEE Main
Select the correct plot of radial probability function \( \left(4 \pi r^{2} R^{2}\right) \) for \( 2 s \)-orbital.

Options:
A
B
C
D

The correct answer is:

Solution:
Option B is correct plot because only for 2s-orbital, there will be single radial node.
Number of radial node = n–l–1=2–0–1=1

Topic: Chemistry, Structure of Atom, JEE Main
Select the correct sequence of organs in the alimentary canal of cockroach starting from mouth:

Options:
A Pharynx → Oesophagus → Crop → Gizzard → Ileum → Colon → Rectum
B Pharynx â Oesophagus â Gizzard â Crop â Ileum â Colon â Rectum
C Pharynx â Oesophagus â Gizzard â Ileum â Crop â Colon â Rectum
D Pharynx â Oesophagus â Ileum â Crop â Gizzard â Colon â Rectum

The correct answer is:
Pharynx → Oesophagus → Crop → Gizzard → Ileum → Colon → Rectum

Solution:
Digestion begins at the mouth where the structures such as mandibles and maxillae help chew the food. The mouth open into a short tubular region called pharynx. The enzymes salivary carbohydrases digests food partially and the saliva juice lubricates the food to help swallow it, from where the bolus moves to the esophagus and then onto the crop. Here food remains in its masticated form temporarily. The food now moves to the gizzard where it’s grinding takes place. A valve named stomodeal is present right at the joint of gizzard and stomach.
This valve prevents the regurgitation of food while ensuring the smooth passage of food in the stomach. The food that has entered the stomach are treated by the digestive enzymes created by the gastric caeca. The enzymes involved are invertase, amylase, maltase, and lipase. The residual fats, proteins, and carbohydrates will be absorbed here.

So, the correct sequence is:

Pharynx → Oesophagus → Crop → Gizzard → Ileum → Colon → Rectum

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET, NEET 2019 (All India)
Select the correct set of statements with respect to biodiversity.

a. Diversity increases from lower to higher latitude.

b. The most important cause of "The Evil Quartet" is habitat loss.

c. The IUCN Red list documents the extinction of 87 plants species.

d. Indigenous plants of aquatic habitat are eliminated by exotic species Clarias.

Options:
A b & c
B a & d
C a & c
D c & d

The correct answer is:
b & c

Solution:
Evil quartet is term coined by biologist jared diamond for human induced loss of diversity. Habitat destruction is main cause of loss in diversity of species. Due to urbanization forest are cleared and lots of species lost its habitat and ecological niche due to which it gets extinct.
According to IUCN Red list documents there are total 784 species extinct in last 500 years including 87 plant species.

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET