datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Select the incorrect match.

Options:
A ANF - Atria of heart
B Erythropoetin - Kidney
C Glucocorticoids - Zona glomerulosa
D Estrogen - Placenta

The correct answer is:
Glucocorticoids - Zona glomerulosa

Solution:
Corticoids, which regulate the balance of water and electrolytes in our body is called mineralocorticoids. Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid in our body. It is formed from zona glomerulosa. Aldosterone acts mainly at the renal tubules and stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ and water and excretion of K+ and phosphate ions. Thus, aldosterone helps in the maintenance of electrolytes, body fluid volume, osmotic pressure, and blood pressure.
The corticoids, which are involved in carbohydrate metabolism are called glucocorticoids and they are released from zona fasciculata. In our body, cortisol is the main glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoids stimulate, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and proteolysis; and inhibit cellular uptake and utilization of amino acids. Cortisol is also involved in maintaining the cardiovascular system as well as the kidney functions. Glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol, produce anti-inflammatory reactions and suppress the immune response. Cortisol stimulates RBC production.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Select the incorrect match.

Options:
A

Column A	Column B

Taq polymerase	Annealing of DNA

B

Column A	Column B

Chitinase	Obtaining DNA by lysis of fungal cell

C

Column A	Column B

Exonucleases	Remove nucleotides from the ends of DNA

D

Column A	Column B

DNA ligase	Joining the fragments of DNA

The correct answer is:

Column A	Column B

Taq polymerase	Annealing of DNA

Solution:
First step in RDT (Recombinant DNA technology) is lysis of the cell from which the DNA has to be obtained. For this purpose various enzymes are being used :
A. Lysozyme for bacteria. B. Cellulase for plant cell. C. Chitinase for fungal cell.
DNA polymerase used in PCR is Taq polymerase which is isolated from a bacterium, Thermus aquaticus, which remain active during the high temperature induced denaturation of double stranded DNA. The enzyme extends the primers using the nucleotides provided in the reaction and the genomic DNA as template. If the process of replication of DNA is repeated many times, the segment of DNA can be amplified to approximately billion times, i.e., 1 billion copies are made.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Select the incorrect match.

Options:
A Conducting part - It extends from the external nostrils upto the terminal bronchioles.
B Functional residual capacity - Volume of air that remains in the lungs after a normal expiration.
C Carbonic anhydrase enzyme - It is found in a very high concentration in the plasma.
D Pneumotaxic center.

The correct answer is:
Carbonic anhydrase enzyme - It is found in a very high concentration in the plasma.

Solution:
Carbonic anhydrase enzyme is found in a very high concentration in RBCs but in very low quantities in the plasma. It mediates the following reaction in both directions,
CO2+H2O â Carbonic anhydrase âH2CO3â Carbonic anhydrase âHCO3-+H+
At the tissue site, pCO2 is high due to catabolism (cellular respiration) â CO2 diffuses into blood (RBCs and plasma) and forms HCO3- and H+.

Topic: Biology, Breathing and Exchange of Gases, NEET
Select the incorrect statement

Options:
A IE 1 of He is greater than Ne
B Cl has greater election affinity than F
C HClO >  HClO 2  >  HClO 3  >  HClO 4
(order of acidity)
D There are 32 elements in period 6

The correct answer is:
HClO >  HClO 2  >  HClO 3  >  HClO 4
(order of acidity)

Solution:
Correct acidity order is:
HClO <  HClO 2  <  HClO 3  <  HClO 4

Topic: Chemistry, Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties, JEE Main
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Benign tumors lack contact inhibition.
B Monitoring the blood banks reduces the chances of spreading AIDS.
C Opioids are obtained from Poppy plant.
D CT scanning is commonly used as a diagnostic test for detecting AIDS.

The correct answer is:
CT scanning is commonly used as a diagnostic test for detecting AIDS.

Solution:
Cancers of the internal organs are mainly detected by the use of techniques like radiography (use of X-rays), CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).
CT: It uses X-rays to generate a three-dimensional image of the internals of an object.
MRI: It uses strong magnetic fields and non-ionising radiations to detect the pathological / physiological changes in the living tissue.
ELISA is used to detect AIDS.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A STDs are reported to be very high among persons in the age group of 15-24 years.
B MTP has a significant role in decreasing the population though it is not meant for that purpose.
C Females infected with STD may often be asymptomatic and hence, may remain undetected for long.
D The reasons for infertility cannot be immunological.

The correct answer is:
The reasons for infertility cannot be immunological.

Solution:
The diseases which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are known as STDs. The incidence of STDs are reported to be very high among persons in the age group of 15-24 years. Early symptoms of most of these are minor and include itching, fluid discharge, slight pain, swellings, etc., in the genital region. Infected females may often be asymptomatic and hence, may remain undetected for long.
Infertility is the condition in which couples are unable to produce children in spite of unprotected sexual co-habitation. The reasons for this could be many-physical, congenital, diseases, drugs, immunological or even psychological.
Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term is called medical termination of pregnancy. MTP has a significant role in decreasing the population though it is not meant for that purpose.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A In the 24 hour average duration of cell cycle of a human cell, cell division proper lasts for only about an hour.
B The interphase lasts more than 95% of the duration of cell cycle.
C Even after S phase the number of chromosomes remains the same, i.e., 2n.
D In plant cells, during the S phase, DNA replication begins in the nucleus, and the centriole duplicates in the cytoplasm.

The correct answer is:
In plant cells, during the S phase, DNA replication begins in the nucleus, and the centriole duplicates in the cytoplasm.

Solution:
In animal cells, during the S phase, DNA replication begins in the nucleus, and the centriole duplicates in the cytoplasm.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A The nucleus of the functional megaspore divides mitotically to form two nuclei which move to the opposite poles, forming the 2-nucleate embryo sac.
B Two more sequential mitotic nuclear divisions result in the formation of the 4-nucleate and later the 8-nucleate stages of the embryo sac.
C Six of the eight nuclei are surrounded by cell walls and organised into cells.
D The two nuclei, called polar nuclei are situated above the egg apparatus in the large central cell.

The correct answer is:
The two nuclei, called polar nuclei are situated above the egg apparatus in the large central cell.

Solution:
Six of the eight nuclei are surrounded by cell walls and organised into cells; the remaining two nuclei, called polar nuclei are situated below the egg apparatus in the large central cell.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the incorrect statement.

Options:
A Transport of molecules in phloem can be bidirectional.
B Movement of minerals in xylem is unidirectional.
C Unloading of sucrose at sink does not involve the utilization of ATP.
D Elements most easily mobilized in plants from one region to another are phosphorus, sulphur, nitrogen and potassium.

The correct answer is:
Unloading of sucrose at sink does not involve the utilization of ATP.

Solution:
The long-distance movement of organic substances from the source or storage end (region of manufacture or leaf) to the region of utilization or sink. The sink and source can be reversed depending on the need of the plant or the seasonal changes. Sugar mainly in form of sucrose that is stored in roots is mobilized to become a source of food in the early spring when the buds act as sink and require energy in form of ATP for their unloading. Since the source-sink relationship is highly variable, the direction of movement of organic solutes in phloem is bi-directional, i.e. can be upwards or downwards. It is in contrast to the unidirectional movement of water in the xylem.

Topic: Biology, Transport in Plants, NEET, NEET 2020 (Phase 2)
Select the incorrect statement about cortical nephrons.

Options:
A These are mainly concerned with urine concentration.
B These have shorter of loop of Henle.
C These do not have major role in Counter current mechanism.
D These lack association with vasa recta.

The correct answer is:
These are mainly concerned with urine concentration.

Solution:
Human kidney has about 85% Cortical nephrons and about 15% Juxta-medullary nephrons. Juxta-medullary nephrons have long loop pf Henlewhich runs deep in medulla, well developed Vasa recta and are mainly activated during shortage of water.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET
Select the INCORRECT statement about external fertilization.

Options:
A Organisms showing external fertilization produce a large number of male gametes only.
B External fertilization is very uncertain and requires synchrony between release of male and female gametes.
C It is replaced by internal fertilization in higher organisms as it wastes energy and requires external medium like water.
D It occurs in most of the fish and amphibians.

The correct answer is:
Organisms showing external fertilization produce a large number of male gametes only.

Solution:
External fertilization means male sperm fertilizes the female ovum outside the body. This requires water as a medium so that sperms can swim and reach the ovum. Release of gametes is known as spawning. The main challenge is timing of the release of gametes as this should be at the same time. The next important factor is that before the gametes fuse with each other environmental factors can destroy them. Hence the gametes are produced in large quantities which causes wastage too. This type of fertilization is most common in fishes and amphibians.

Topic: Biology, Reproduction in Organisms, NEET
Select the incorrect statement from the following.

Options:
A The dominant phase in the life cycle of pteridophytes is sporophyte.
B The dominant phase in the life cycle of bryophytes is gametophyte.
C The dominant phase in the life cycle of gymnosperms is gametophyte.
D The dominant phase in the life cycle of angiosperms is sporophyte.

The correct answer is:
The dominant phase in the life cycle of gymnosperms is gametophyte.

Solution:
In Bryophyta haploid gametophyte is the main plant body on which a small dependent sporophyte is produced. In pteridophyta diploid sporophyte is main plant body and a small independent gametophyte is produced. In Gymnosperm main plant body is diploid sporophyte and gametophyte is small and not free living independent structure. In angiosperm the main plant body is diploid sporophyte with smallest gametophyte.

Topic: Biology, Plant Kingdom, NEET
Select the incorrect statement from the following.

Options:
A Active enzyme has tertiary structure having many active sites (substrate binding sites).
B Enzymes are biocatalyst.
C Enzymes are highly specific.
D Enzymes are mainly protein in nature.

The correct answer is:
Active enzyme has tertiary structure having many active sites (substrate binding sites).

Solution:
Enzymes are mainly made up of proteins that undergo complex coiling and folding to form tertiary structure, due to this coiling and folding 3 - 13 reactive amino acids comes close together forming a cavity or cleft known as an active site. The specific substrate binds to active site forming ES complex, which is an unstable transient stage forming product and the enzyme remains unchanged. Enzymes bind to a substrate and undergo a change in its quaternary structure that could open up another active site for a different type of substrate. Other enzymes have more than one of the same active site and they can bind multiples of the same substrate.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Select the incorrect statement from the following.

Options:
A The active enzyme has a tertiary structure having many substrate binding sites.
B Enzymes are biocatalyst.
C Enzymes lowers the activation energy of the reaction.
D Enzymes are mainly protein in nature.

The correct answer is:
The active enzyme has a tertiary structure having many substrate binding sites.

Solution:
Enzymes are proteins which have tertiary structure, in which coiling and folding results in the formation of cleft or cavity known as active site to which substrate binds. Each enzyme molecule has only one active site.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Select the incorrect statement from the following.

Options:
A Other than sexual intercourse, STDs can be transmitted through infected medical devices, blood transfusion or from mother to foetus.
B Infected females may often be asymptomatic and hence, may remain undetected for long.
C Failure of timely detection and treatment may lead to ectopic pregnancies, pelvic inflammatory diseases and infertility.
D Except HIV, all STIs are completely curable with proper treatment.

The correct answer is:
Except HIV, all STIs are completely curable with proper treatment.

Solution:
Other than sexual intercourse, STIs can be transmitted by sharing of injection needles, surgical instruments, etc., with infected persons, transfusion of blood, or from an infected mother to the foetus too.

Except for hepatitis-B, genital herpes and HIV infections, other diseases are completely curable if detected early and treated properly.

Infected females may often be asymptomatic and hence, may remain undetected for long. Absence or less significant symptoms in the early stages of infection and the social stigma attached to the STIs, deter the infected persons from going for timely detection and proper treatment. This could lead to complications later, which include pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID), abortions, still births, ectopic pregnancies, infertility or even cancer of the reproductive tract.

Topic: Biology, Reproductive Health, NEET
Select the incorrect statement from the following.

Options:
A Cytoskeleton are filamentous proteinaceous structure
B Cytoskeleton provides mechanical support to the cell
C Cytoskeleton helps in motility and maintenance of shape of cell
D Cytoskeleton also occurs in prokaryotic cell.

The correct answer is:
Cytoskeleton also occurs in prokaryotic cell.

Solution:
Cytoskeleton are small proteinaceous filament-like structure that is randomly scattered in the cytoplasm. It includes microtubules and microfilaments, which provides mechanical support to the cell and helps in motility. Cytoskeleton are completely absent in a prokaryotic cell.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Select the incorrect statement from the following :

Options:
A Baldness is a sex limited trait
B Linkage is an exception to the principle of independent assortment in heredity.
C Galactosemia is an inborn error of metabolism
D Small population size results in random genetic drift in a population

The correct answer is:
Baldness is a sex limited trait

Solution:
No Solution Available

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET, NEET 2009 (Mains)
Select the incorrect statement from the following:

(i) Biomolecules are in metabolic flux in the living state.

(ii) Living process is a constant effort to prevent falling into equilibrium

(iii) Metabolism provides a mechanism for the production of energy

(iv) Living state and metabolism is synonymous

Options:
A All except (i)
B All except (ii)
C All are incorrect
D All are correct

The correct answer is:
All are correct

Solution:
Within organisms, there is constant making and breaking of molecules via chemical reactions and these reactions collectively are called metabolism. The turnover rate of molecules by different metabolic pathways in the metabolic flux and organisms remains in that as it requires chemicals in certain fixed concentration. Since there are reactions or processes continuously been carried out, it is said that the living state is trying to prevent reaching equilibrium. If it reaches equilibrium then all systems will shut down. Thus, can be said that living state and metabolism are synonymous.

Topic: Chemistry, Biomolecules, NEET
Select the incorrect statement from the following.

I. NDRI is situated at Lucknow.

II. Plant families like Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae are included in the order Polymoniales mainly based on the floral characters.

III. All living organisms such as from present, past and future are linked to one another by the sharing of the common genetic material but to varying degrees.

IV. The order Solanum, Datura and Petunia are placed in family Solanaceae.

Options:
A I only
B II and IV only
C IV only
D II only

The correct answer is:
IV only

Solution:
Solanum, Datura and Petunia are Genus which are all placed in family Solanaceae due to common floral characteristics. National Botanical Research Institute is situated in Lucknow. Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae are placed in order Polymoniales.

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the INCORRECT statement regarding the anatomy of a typical monocotyledonous stem

Options:
A Phloem parenchyma is absent.
B Vascular bundles are scattered, conjoint, collateral and closed.
C Each vascular bundle is surrounded by a bundle sheath.
D Ground tissue is differentiated into cortex, endodermis, pericycle and pith.

The correct answer is:
Ground tissue is differentiated into cortex, endodermis, pericycle and pith.

Solution:
Monocotyledons are the plant group of Angiosperms that have one embryonic leaf (cotyledon) in their seed.
The stem of monocot is quite different from that of a dicot. The stem has no cambium, as a result, secondary growth is absent. The vascular bundles in it are scattered unlike in dicot. They are also conjoint, collateral, and closed. The hypodermis of monocot stem is made of sclerenchymatous tissue and the vascular bundles are surrounded by bundle sheath of the same tissue. In it, phloem parenchyma is absent. Ground tissue is mainly parenchymatous and not differentiated into cortex, pericycle, and pith as the vascular bundles are scattered in it.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Select the incorrect statement with respect to acquired immunity.

Options:
A Anamnestic response is elicited on subsequent encounters with the same pathogen
B Anamnestic response is due to memory of first encounter
C Acquired immunity is non-specific type of defense present at the time of birth
D Primary response is produced when our body encounters a pathogen for the first time

The correct answer is:
Acquired immunity is non-specific type of defense present at the time of birth

Solution:
There are two main types of immunity in human body:

Innate immunity is the non-specific immunity present at the time of birth. This works on physical, physiological, cytological and chemical barriers.

Acquired immunity is the adaptive or specific immunity which a person develops during his/her lifetime. This works by B-cell and T-cells of the body.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 1)
Select the incorrect statement with respect to mitotic anaphase.

Options:
A Chromatids of the chromosome at the metaphase plate are split simultaneously.
B The centromere of each chromosome remains directed towards the pole as the chromosome moves away.
C Chromosomes cluster at the opposite poles and their identity is lost as discrete elements.
D It is the best stage to study the position of the centromere in the chromosomes.

The correct answer is:
Chromosomes cluster at the opposite poles and their identity is lost as discrete elements.

Solution:
During telophase, the following events are observed:
1. Chromosomes cluster at opposite spindle poles and their identity is lost as discrete elements.
2. Nuclear envelope develops around the chromosome clusters at each pole forming two daughter nuclei.
3. Nucleolus, golgi complex and ER reform.
During anaphase, the chromatids of the chromosomes split and starts to migrate towards the poles. It is the best stage to study the position of the centromere.

Topic: Biology, Cell Cycle and Cell Division, NEET
Select the incorrect statements:

(a) Species diversity increases as we move from the poles towards the equator.

(b) The number of species in tropical rain forests is minimum.

(c) Columbia has nearly 1400 species of birds.

(d) Diversity of communities over a landscape is termed as Î²âdiversity.

Options:
A (a) and (b)
B (c) and (d)
C (b) and (d)
D (a) and (c)

The correct answer is:
(b) and (d)

Solution:
The higher temperatures in the tropics cause higher rates of metabolism, ecological dynamics and coevolutionary processes, which generate and maintain higher biodiversity compared with the temperate and polar regions.

Diversity of communities over a landscape is termed as Î³ (gamma)-diversity. It reflects the diversity of species occupying individual habitats (alpha-diversity) combined with a measure of the heterogeneity between the habitats (beta-diversity).

Topic: Biology, Biodiversity and its Conservation, NEET
Select the incorrectly matched pair.

Options:
A Initiation codon – AUG, GUG
B Stop Codon – UAA, UAG, UGA
C Methionine - AUG
D Alanine - ACC, ACU, ACA, and ACG

The correct answer is:
Alanine - ACC, ACU, ACA, and ACG

Solution:
The initiation codon is mainly AUG, but in some bacteria under the specific conditions when AUG is absent GUG can also function as initiation codon. There are three stop codons or termination codons UAA, UGA, UAG. The initiation codon is AUG which performs a dual function and specifies amino acid methionine. Alanine is coded by GCC, GCU, GCA, and GCG

Topic: Biology, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, NEET
Select the incorrectly matched pair from the following:

(i)	Sericulture	Silkmoth

(ii)	Aquaculture	Fish

(iii)	Apiculture	Honey bee

(iv)	Pisciculture	Bombyx mori

Options:
A (i)
B (ii)
C (iii)
D (iv)

The correct answer is:
(iv)

Solution:
Sericulture is the production of raw silk by rearing of silkworms. Aquaculture is the farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, etc. Apiculture is the maintenance of hives of honeybees for the production of honey. Pisciculture is the controlled rearing and breeding of fish.

Topic: Biology, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, NEET
Select the MISMATCHED pair out of the following.

Options:
A Radial vascular bundle - Xylem and phloem on different radii
B Bicollateral vascular bundle - Phloem present on both sides of xylem
C Open vascular bundle - Phloem surrounds xylem
D Conjoint vascular bundle - Xylem and phloem on same radii

The correct answer is:
Open vascular bundle - Phloem surrounds xylem

Solution:
Vascular bundles are components of the vascular tissue system that consist of two main parts i.e.xylem and phloem. In which xylem is called water-conducting tissue and phloem is called food conducting tissue. The vascular bundles can be of two types like radial and conjoint. Conjoint further subdivided into collateral, bicollateral, and concentric.
In dicotyledonous stems, cambium is present between phloem and xylem. Such vascular bundles because of the presence of cambium possess the ability to form secondary xylem and phloem tissues, and hence are called open vascular bundles.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET