datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Read the following statements and choose the correct option.

A. Failure of segregation of chromatids during cell division results in aneuploidy.
B. Chromosomal disorders are mainly determined by alteration or mutation in a single gene.
C. Thalassemia and cystic fibrosis are Mendelian disorders.
D. Sickle cell anaemia is an X-linked trait.
E. Haemophilia is an autosome linked recessive disease.

Options:
A A and C are correct
B C and D are correct
C B and D are correct
D A, C and D are correct

The correct answer is:
A and C are correct

Solution:
Due to failure of segregation of chromatids one daughter cell carries one more chromosome while 2nd daughter cell carries one less chromosome, both these conditions are included in aneuploidy. Mendelian disorders are caused due to gene mutation like Thalessemia, cystic fibrosis etc. Haemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder while Sickle cell anemia is autosomal recessive genetic disorder.

Topic: Biology, Principles of Inheritance and Variation, NEET
Read the following statements and choose the correct option.
(i) Amines can be identified and distinguished by Hinsberg's reagent.
(ii) The three types of amines react similarly with Hinsberg's reagent and hence can be distinguished from each other.

Options:
A (i) is true and (ii) is true.
B (i) is true and (ii) is false.
C (i) is false and (ii) is true.
D (i) is false and (ii) is false.

The correct answer is:
(i) is true and (ii) is false.

Solution:
Hinsberg's reagent can differentiate the Primary, secondary and tertiary amines.Tertiary amines can not react with the Hinsberg's reagent. Primary amine formed the salt with Hinsberg's reagent. But the secondary amine can not form the salt with Hinsberg's reagent. So, amines can be identified and distinguished by Hinsberg's reagent. But the three types of amines can not react similarly with Hinsberg's reagent and hence can be distinguished from each other.

Topic: Chemistry, Amines, JEE Main
Read the following statements and determine the incorrect one.

Options:
A When pollen is shed at two-celled stage, single fertilization takes place
B Vegetative cell is larger than generative cell
C Pollen grains in some plants remain viable for months
D Intine is made up of cellulose and pectin

The correct answer is:
When pollen is shed at two-celled stage, single fertilization takes place

Solution:
Many of the Angiosperms release the pollen in two celled stage having vegetative and generative cell. The generative cell later divides in two forming the two male gametes. These gametes will participate in the characteristic double fertilization process giving rise to zygote and primary endosperm nucleus.

Topic: Biology, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the following statements and find the incorrect one.

Options:
A Saliva is mainly produced by three pair of salivary glands.
B Salivary glands are situated just inside the buccal cavity.
C Hepatic lobules are the structural & functional unit of the liver.
D Most of the water is absorbed in the large intestine from the food reaching it.

The correct answer is:
Salivary glands are situated just inside the buccal cavity.

Solution:
Submandibular glands are located on each side of the jaw below the jawbone. Sublingual glands sit on the bottom of the mouth under your tongue. Additionally, hundreds of small (minor) salivary glands deposit saliva from ducts around the mouth. These glands situated just outside the buccal cavity secrete salivary juice into the buccal cavity.

Topic: Biology, Digestion and Absorption, NEET
Read the following statements and select the appropriate option:

I. The pliability and flexibility in cartilages are mainly due to the presence of chondroitin salts in its matrix.
II. The hardness of bone is due to calcium phosphate and collagen fibres with ossein protein.
III. The total number of bicephalic ribs in humans are 12 pairs.
IV. The sutures between skull bones are examples of cartilaginous joints.

Options:
A I, III and IV are incorrect
B II and III are incorrect
C III and IV are correct
D I, II and III are correct

The correct answer is:
I, II and III are correct

Solution:
There are 12 pairs of ribs with two articulation surfaces on its dorsal end and hence are called bicephalic. Flat skull bones are joint by dense fibrous joint to form sutures. They are also known as immovable joints.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
Read the following statements and select the correct option.

a. To facilitate more sound and scientific placement of various taxa, taxonomists have also developed subcategories.
b. Only a few protozoans are heterotrophs and live as predators or parasites.

Options:
A Both (a) and (b) are correct
B Only (a) is correct
C Only (b) is correct
D Both (a) and (b) are incorrect

The correct answer is:
Only (a) is correct

Solution:
Taxonomists have developed subcategories to make the taxonomic position of species more precise and specific categories are added to this list. They are called intermediate categories, e.g., subkingdom, superphylum or superdivision, subdivision, superclass, subclass, superorder, suborder, and superfamily subfamily, tribe, subspecies, variety etc.
All protozoans are compulsorily heterotrophic. They derive nutrients from other organisms, by completely ingesting the left out organic remains or waste-products. The protozoans perform phagocytosis and engulf their organic particles by forming pseudopodia or directly taking food through a specialized mouth called cytostome. Protozoans are basically free-living and often found in fresh, brackish, or saltwater. Parasitic and symbiotic protozoans are also present and they live within other organisms.

Topic: Biology, The Living World, NEET
Read the following statements and select the right option:

I. The spleen is a large bean-shaped organ, which mainly contains lymphocytes and phagocytic cells.

II. The principle of vaccination is based on the property of memory of the immune system.

III. The graft rejection or failure of organ transplantation is due to cell-mediated immunity.

IV. The yellowish fluid colostrum has an abundant amount of IgA antibodies which provide active immunity to newborn babies.

Options:
A I, II, III are correct
B II, III, IV are correct
C II and IV are correct
D Only II is correct

The correct answer is:
I, II, III are correct

Solution:
Passive immunity is provided by pre-formed or ready made antibodies. The yellowish fluid colostrum secreted by mother during initial days of lactation has abundant amount of IgA antibodies, which is very essential for new born baby as it provide natural passive immunity.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Read the following statements carefully.

1. Female external genitalia include labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vagina, and hymen.
2. In females, at puberty, both ovaries contain about 60,000-80,000 primary follicles.
3. The progesterone hormone concentration remains high prior to ovulation in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
4. The second meiotic division of secondary oocyte is completed inside ovary only after the entry of sperm.

How many from the above are incorrect statements?

Options:
A Four
B Three
C Two
D One

The correct answer is:
Four

Solution:
âFemale external genitalia include the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris and hymen.
At puberty, each ovary contains 60,000-80,000 primary follicles. The estrogen hormone concentration remains high in the follicular phase prior to ovulation.
The second meiotic division of secondary oocyte completes inside fallopian tube only after the entry of sperm.
The estrogen hormone concentration remains high prior to ovulation in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Read the following statements carefully:-

(A) The lipid component of the plasma membrane mainly consists of phosphoglycerides.
(B) Polar molecules can pass through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane, therefore they do not require carrier proteins to facilitate their transport.
(C) The secondary wall is capable of growth and it is formed on the outer side of the primary wall.
(D) Quasifluid nature of lipid enables the lateral movement of proteins within the overall lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane.
(E) Middle lamella glues the different neighbouring cells together.

How many statements are incorrect?

Options:
A Three
B Five
C Four
D Two

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
Lipid component of the plasma membrane mainly consists of phospholipids and cholesterol. The cell wall of a young plant cell, the primary wall is capable of growth, which gradually diminishes as the cell matures and the secondary wall is formed on the inner (towards membrane) side of the cell.
The polar molecules cannot pass through the nonpolar lipid bilayer, they require a carrier protein of the membrane to facilitate their transport across the membrane. Therefore only statements D and E are correct.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Read the following statements.

(i) Removal of tigers from an area will result in increased growth of vegetation of that area.
(ii) Organisms at each trophic level depend on those at the lower trophic level for their energy demands.
(iii) Food chains are sustained by producers and decomposers.
(iv) In a food chain, some organism like sparrow operates at one trophic level only.

Select an option which shows CORRECT statements.

Options:
A (i) and (ii)
B (ii) and (iv)
C (ii) and (iii)
D (i), (iii) and (iv)

The correct answer is:
(ii) and (iii)

Solution:
The energy gain in an organism at each trophic level is utilized in all metabolic activities and also lost as heat to the surrounding. Thus, lower amount of energy is transferred to succeeding trophic level in a food chain. Organisms at each trophic level depend on those at the lower trophic level for their energy demands.
The dead and decaying organic content are broken down to inorganic substances by the process called decomposition. It is brought about by decomposers. Producers and decomposers help in maintaining the food chain.
Removal of tigers from an area will result in decreased growth of vegetation of that area as the increased population of deer will consume more vegetation. Sparrow in a food chain can exist at two different trophic levels, while feeding on grains it occupies second trophic level, while feeding on worms they occupy third trophic level.

Topic: Biology, Ecosystem, NEET
Read the following statements. Identify which of them are true and which of them are false and select the correct option.

I. Ascaris, commonly known as pinworm, is responsible for causing ascariasis.

II. The acid present in the stomach acts as a physiological barrier and prevents microbial growth.

III. The pathogen responsible for causing elephantiasis is a fungus belonging to genus Microsporum.

IV. Infectious diseases like tetanus and pneumonia have been largely controlled using vaccines.

Options:
A A-True, B-False, C-True, D-False
B A-False, B-True, C-False, D-True
C A-False, B-True, C-True, D-False
D A-False, B-False, C-False, D-True

The correct answer is:
A-False, B-True, C-False, D-True

Solution:
I. Ascaris is commonly known as roundworm. It is responsible for causing ascariasis.
III. The pathogen responsible for causing elephantiasis is a filarial worm called Wuchereria (W.bancrofti and W.malayi). The pathogen mainly attacks the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs and the genital organs.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET
Read the following statements (I-III) about human skeletal system and select the option that correctly justify the statements.

I. In man, vertebral column has 33 bones organized as 28 bones.
II. Pectoral girdle is made up of two bones only.
III. Osteoporosis is characterized by micro-architectural deterioration of the bone.

Options:
A I is correct
B II is correct
C III is correct
D I is incorrect

The correct answer is:
I is incorrect

Solution:
Our vertebral column is formed by 26 vertebrae with a central hollow portion (neural canal) through which the spinal cord passes. First vertebra is the atlas and it articulates with the occipital condyles. The vertebral column is differentiated into cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (1-fused) and coccygeal (1-fused) regions starting from the skull.

Osteoporosis is a disease, in which bones loses minerals and fibres from its matrix. Imbalance of hormones like calcitonin, parathyroid and sex hormones, deficiencies of calcium and vitamin-D are the main causes of osteoporosis.

Pectoral girdle helps in the articulation of the upper limbs with the axial skeleton. The girdle is formed of two halves consisting of a clavicle and a scapula.

Topic: Biology, Locomotion and Movement, NEET
Read the following statements on lipids and find out the correct set of statements:

(a) Lecithin found in the plasma membrane is a glycolipid.

(b) Saturated fatty acids possess one or more c=c bonds.

(c) Gingelly oil has a lower melting point, and hence remains as oil in winter.

(d) Lipids are generally insoluble in water but soluble in some organic solvents.

(e) When a fatty acid is esterified with gIycerol, monoglycerides are formed.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Options:
A (a), (d) and (e) only
B (c), (d) and (e) only
C (a), (b) and (d) only
D (a), (b) and (c) only

The correct answer is:
(c), (d) and (e) only

Solution:
Some lipids have phosphorous and a phosphorylated organic compound in them. These are phospholipids. They are found in the cell membrane. Lecithin is one example. Some tissues especially the neural tissues have lipids with more complex structures.

(i) Lecithin found in the plasma membrane is a phospholipid, not a glycolipid.

Lipids are generally water-insoluble. They could be simple fatty acids. A fatty acid has a carboxyl group attached to an R group. Fatty acids could be saturated (without double bond) or unsaturated (with one or more C=C double bonds)

(ii) Saturated fatty acids do not possess c=c bonds.

Topic: Biology, Biomolecules (B), NEET, NEET 2022 (Phase 1)
Read the following statements regarding agarose gel electrophoresis and select the CORRECT ones.

I. The longest DNA fragment is nearest to the anode.
II. The matrix of the gel is a natural polymer obtained from sea-weeds.
III. The process is used to check the progression of restriction enzyme digestion.
IV. The fragments of DNA separate due to the sieving effect provided by agarose gel.

Options:
A I, II, III and IV
B III and IV only
C II, III and IV only
D I, II and III only

The correct answer is:
II, III and IV only

Solution:
DNA fragments can be separated by a technique known as gel electrophoresis where molecules having a net negative charge migrate towards the positive electrode (anode), whereas net positively charged molecules migrate towards the negative electrode (cathode). The negatively charged DNA fragments are can be separated by forcing them to move towards the anode under an electric field through a medium/matrix (agarose, a natural polymer extracted from seaweeds). The larger fragments move slowly when compared to smaller ones and they tend to remain nearer to the cathode. The DNA fragments separate according to their size through the sieving effect provided by the agarose gel. The smaller fragment in size moves the farthest. The process is used to check the progression of restriction enzyme digestion.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET
Read the following statements regarding menstrual cycle in females:

A. It is the reproductive cycle in all mammalian females.

B. The menstrual flow results due to breakdown of myometrium lining of uterus.

C. Graafian follicle and endometrium of uterus regenerates simultaneously during follicular phase of menstrual cycle.

D. The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of oestrogen which is essential for maintenance of endometrium.

Select the correct statement from the above?

Options:
A A, C & D
B A, B, C & D
C C & D only
D Only C

The correct answer is:
Only C

Solution:
The menstrual cycle is the reproductive cycle in all mammalian primate females. The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone which is essential for the maintenance of endometrium. The menstrual flow results due to the breakdown of the endometrium lining of the uterus.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Read the following statements regarding the ciliated epithelium.

I. Found only in the lining of the trachea.

II. Cilia are found on the free surface of the cells.

III. Help in moving particles or mucus in a particular direction over the epithelium.

IV. Microvilli are found at the free end to increase the surface area of the organ.

Identify the ones that are correct.

Options:
A I, II, III, and IV
B I and II only
C II and III only
D II, III and IV only

The correct answer is:
II and III only

Solution:
Ciliate Epithelium: Ciliated columnar epithelium is made of simple columnar epithelial cells with cilia on their free surfaces. Their function is to move particles or mucus in a specific direction over the epithelium. They are mainly present in the inner surface of hollow organs like bronchioles and fallopian tubes. Microvilli are found on the free surface of columnar epithelium lining the alimentary canal to help increase surface area.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Read the following statements w.r.t. predation and select the two wrong statements

(i) Predators help in maintaining species diversity in a community.
(ii) Predators in nature are prudent.
(iii) Predators cannot reduce the intensity of competition among competing prey species.
(iv) Predators do not act as conduits for energy transfer across trophic levels.

Options:
A i and ii
B iii and iv
C i and iii
D ii and iii

The correct answer is:
iii and iv

Solution:
If a predator is too efficient and overexploits its prey, then the prey might become extinct and following it, the predator will also become extinct for lack of food. This is the reason why predators in nature are âprudentâ. Prey species have evolved various defenses to lessen the impact of predation. Predators also help in maintaining species diversity in a community, by reducing the intensity of competition among competing prey species. Besides acting as âconduitsâ for energy transfer across trophic levels, predators play other important roles. They keep prey populations under control.

Topic: Biology, Organisms and Populations, NEET
Read the given statements and decide which is/are correct on the basis of kinetic theory of gases
(I) Energy of one molecule at absolute temperature is zero
(II) r.m.s. speeds of different gases are same at same temperature
(III) For one gram of all ideal gas kinetic energy is same at same temperature
(IV) For one mole of all ideal gases mean kinetic energy is same at same temperature

Options:
A All are correct
B I and IV are correct
C IV is correct
D None of these

The correct answer is:
None of these

Solution:
Mean kinetic energy of any ideal gas is given by $E=\frac{f}{2} T$ which is different for different gases. ( $f$ is not same for all gases)

Topic: Physics, Kinetic Theory of Gases, JEE Main
Read the given statements and identify the PGRs $X, Y$ and $Z$.
$\mathrm{X}$ induces accumulation of salts inside the cells.
Y promotes rapid elongation of leaf bases and internodes in deep water rice plants.
(iii) Application of $Z$ to leaves shall reduce transpiration.

Options:
A X-Auxin, Y-Cytokinin, Z-Ethylene
B X-Cytokinin, Y-Ethylene, Z-ABA
C X-Auxin, Y-Cytokinin, Z-ABA
D X-Cytokinin, Y-ABA, Z-Ethylene

The correct answer is:
X-Cytokinin, Y-Ethylene, Z-ABA

Solution:
Cytokinins induce accumulation of salts inside the cells. Ethylene promotes rapid elongation of leaf bases and internodes in deep water rice plants. As a result, leaves remain above water. Application of minute quantity of abscisic acid to leaves shall reduce transpiration to a great extent through partial closure of stomata. It conserves water and reduces the requirement of irrigation.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, AIIMS, AIIMS 2019 (25 May)
Read the statements about ethylene given below and select the statements that are correct.

a. Ethylene is a simple gaseous PGR.
b. Ethylene breaks seed & bud dormancy.
c. Ethylene is used to initiate flowering.
d. Ethylene promotes root growth & root hair formation.

Options:
A b, c, and d are correct
B Only 'a' is correct
C b and d are correct
D a, b, c, and d are correct

The correct answer is:
a, b, c, and d are correct

Solution:
Ethylene is a simple gaseous PGR. Ethylene promotes senescence and abscission of plant organs, especially of leaves and flowers. Ethylene is highly effective in fruit ripening. It enhances the respiration rate during the ripening of the fruits. This rise in the rate of respiration is called respiratory climactic. Ethylene breaks seed and bud dormancy, initiates germination in peanut seeds, sprouting of potato tubers. Ethylene promotes rapid internode/petiole elongation in deepwater rice plants. It helps leaves/ upper parts of the shoot to remain above water. Ethylene also promotes root growth and root hair formation, thus helping the plants to increase their absorption surface. Ethylene is used to initiate flowering and for synchronizing fruit-set in pineapples. It also induces flowering in mango.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET
Read the statements below regarding the nucleus of a cell. Identify them as true or false and select the correct combination option.

I. The nucleus displays an elaborate nucleoprotein fiber called chromatin during the interphase of the cell cycle.

II. The space between the parallel membranes of the nuclear envelope is called the nucleoplasm.

III. Nucleus was discovered first by Flemming.

IV. The nuclear pores within the nuclear envelope are formed by the fusion of both membranes.

No.	I	II	III	IV

1	True	True	False	False

2	True	False	False	False

3	True	True	False	True

4	True	False	False	True

Options:
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4

The correct answer is:
4

Solution:
Nucleus is a double membrane bound organelle 1st discovered by Robert Brown and stores the DNA of cell. The double membrane of the nucleus, nuclear envelope, has space within it called as perinuclear space. These membranes fuse at certain points around the nucleus giving rise to nuclear pores which help in exchange of substances between nucleus and cytoplasm. Interphase is one of the phases of cell cycle where the DNA is folded with the help of protein resulting is a structure called chromatin which was named by Flemming. Therefore, statement I and IV are true and remaining two are false.

Topic: Biology, Cell - The Unit of Life, NEET
Read the statements given below. Identify which of them are true and which of them are false. Select the correct option after referring to the given table.

A. The pituitary gland is present in a bony cavity of the skull known as sella tursica.
B. The pancreas is only an endocrine gland.
C. The diurnal rhythm of the body is maintained by the pineal gland.
D. Glucocorticoids stimulate glycolysis, lipolysis and proteolysis.

Options:
A A- True, B- False, C-True, D- False
B A- False, B- True, C-False, D- True
C A- True, B- False, C-True, D- True
D A- False, B- True, C-True, D- False

The correct answer is:
A- True, B- False, C-True, D- False

Solution:
Pituitary gland is present in a bony cavity of the sphenoid bone of the skull known as sellaturcica. Pancreas is a heterocrine gland as it has endocrine (Islets of Langerhans) as well as exocrine (acini) components. Pineal gland also called the vestigial third eye secretes melatonin. Glucocorticoids produced from adrenal cortex stimulate gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and proteolysis.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET