datavorous/entrance-exam-dataset huggingface dataset:
Read the following four statements 1-4.

(1) The second heart sound is DUB, which is associated with the closure of bicuspid and tricuspid valves.
(2) The duration between consecutive second and first heart sound is 0.5 seconds in a cardiac cycle.
(3) The heartbeat of a human increase when the adrenaline hormone is injected into it.
(4) The atrial systole in a cardiac cycle increases the flow of blood into the respective ventricle by about 70%.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

Options:
A Three
B Four
C Two
D One

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
The second heart sound DUB is caused by the closure of the aortic valve and pulmonary valve at the end of ventricular systole or at the beginning of ventricular diastole. At the beginning of the atrial systole, about 70%â80% of the ventricles are normally filled; hence, during atrial contraction (atrial kick), the remaining 20%â30% gets filled.

Topic: Biology, Body Fluids and Circulation, NEET
Read the following four statements, A, B, C and D and select the right OPTION having both correct statements.
A. Z secheme of light reaction takes place in presence of PS-I only.
B. Only PS-I is functional in cyclic photophosphorylation.
C. Cyclic photophosphorylation results into synthesis of ATP and $\mathrm{NADPH}_2$.
D. Stroma lamellae lack PS-II as well as NADP.

Options:
A B and D
B A and B
C B and C
D C and D

The correct answer is:
B and D

Solution:
Cyclic photophosphorylation is performed by PS-I only. In this process, an electron expelled by the excited photocentre, ie, $\mathrm{P}_{700}$ is returned to it after passing through a series of electron carriers.
PS-I is located on both the non-appressed part of grana thylakoids as well as stroma thylakoids, while PS-II is located in the appressed part of grana thylakoids only, stroma thylakoids lack PS-II.

Topic: Biology, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, NEET, NEET 2010 (Mains)
Read the following four statements.
I. Both, photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation involve up hill transport of protons across the membrane.
II. In dicot stems, a new cambium originates from cells of pericycle at the time of secondary growth.
III. Stamens in flowers of Gloriosa and Petunia are polyandrous.
IV. Symbiotic nitrogen fixers occur in free living state also in soil.
How many of the above statements are right?

Options:
A Two
B Three
C Four
D One

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
Symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria and Cyanobacteria are found in association to plant. The most common symbiotic bacteria is Rhizobium.
In dicot stem, the cambium present between xylem and phloem in vascular bundles is called fascicular or intrafascicular cambium. Besides this some cells of medullary rays also become meristematic and called interfascicular cambium.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET, NEET 2012 (Mains)
Read the following four statements :
I. Colostrum is recommended for the new born because it is rich in antigens.
II. Chikengunya is caused by a Gram negative bacterium.
III. Tissue culture has proved useful in obtaining virus-free plants.
IV. Beer is manufactured by distillation of fermented grape juice.
How many of the above statements are wrong?

Options:
A Two
B Three
C Four
D One

The correct answer is:
Three

Solution:
Antibodies are present in colostrum. IgA is the major inmunoglobulin in colostrum (the first milk secreted by nursing mother).
Meristem culture is the cultivation of apical meristem under tissue culture for obtaining virus free plants.
Beer contains 3-6\% alcohol and is obtained from barley (Hordeum vulgare). While wine is obtained from grapes.
Chickengunya is caused by alphavirus.

Topic: Biology, Human Health and Diseases, NEET, NEET 2012 (Mains)
Read the following four statements (I-IV) about certain mistakes in two of them
I. the first transgenic buffalo, Rosie produced milk which was human alpha-lactal bumin enriched.
II. restriction enzymes are used in isolation of DNA from other macro-molecules.
III. downstream processing is one of the steps of R-DNA technology.
IV. disarmed pathogen vectors are also used in transfer of R-DNA into the host.
Which are the two statements having mistakes?

Options:
A Statements (II) and (III)
B Statements (III) and (IV)
C Statements (I) and (III)
D Statements (I) and (II)

The correct answer is:
Statements (I) and (II)

Solution:
Transgenic Rosiae is actually cow. It is first transgenic cow produced in 1997.
Restriction enzymes cut the DNA at specific site. The separation of DNA is performed by gel electrophoresis.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology - Principles and Processes, NEET, NEET 2011 (Mains)
Read the following functions and identify the part of nephron responsible for it.

A. Nearly all of the essential nutrients and 70-80% of electrolytes and water are reabsorbed by this segment.
B. Conditional reabsorption of Na+ and water takes place in this segment.
C. Large amounts of water could be reabsorbed from this region to produce concentrated urine.

Options:
A

A	B	C

PCT	DCT	Loop of Henle

B

A	B	C

PCT	DCT	Collecting duct

C

A	B	C

DCT	PCT	Collecting duct

D

A	B	C

DCT	PCT	Loop of Henle

The correct answer is:

A	B	C

PCT	DCT	Collecting duct

Solution:
A. Functions of Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
1. PCT absorbs almost all essential nutrients.
2. PCT absorbs about 70-80 % electrolytes and water.
3. As PCT selectively secretes H+ ions, ammonia and potassium ions into the filtrate and also absorbs HCO3-
from it, it maintains the pH and ionic balance of the body fluids.
B. Functions of Henle's Loop
1. Maintenance of high osmolarity of medullary interstitial fluid.
2. Reabsorption to some extent (some water and electrolytes enter medullary fluid).
C. Functions of Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
1. Conditional reabsorption of Na+ and water.
2. Reabsorption of HCO3- and selective secretion of H+, K+, and NH3 for maintaining the pH and sodium-potassium balance in the blood.
D. Functions of Collecting Duct
1. Reabsorbed of large amounts of water resulting in the production of concentrated urine.
2. Small amounts of urea enter the medullary interstitium to keep up the osmolarity.
3. By the selective secretion of H+ and K+ ions, collecting ducts also plays an important role in the maintenance of pH and ionic balance of the blood.

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET
Read the following information about a phytohormone and then identify it.

I. They cause fruits like apple to elongate and improve their shape.
II. They are used to speed up the malting process in the brewing industry.
III. They are used to convert genetically dwarf plants into tall plants.

Options:
A Auxin
B Gibberellin
C Cytokinin
D Ethylene

The correct answer is:
Gibberellin

Solution:
Gibberellins are growth promoter phytohormones. They are denoted as GA1, GA2 and GA3, and so on. Gibberellic acid (GA3) was one of the first gibberellins to be discovered and remains the most intensively studied form. Gibberellins cause fruits like apple to elongate and improve its shape. They also delay senescence. GA3 is used to speed up the malting process in the brewing industry. They also cause internode elongation, and hence, they can be used to convert a dwarf plant into a tall plant.

Topic: Biology, Plant - Growth and Development, NEET
Read the following statement and choose the CORRECT option.

Options:
A Blood cells secrete fibers of structural protein called collagen
B Basophils are non-phagocytic
C Osteocytes are present in fluid filled cavity called Lamellae
D Striated muscle fibers are branched

The correct answer is:
Basophils are non-phagocytic

Solution:
Blood and Lymph are fluid connective tissue. These tissues do not have fibres and thus collagen or elastin are also absent. Osteocytes are bone forming cells. These are present in a bone cavity called Lacunae that also has extensions known as canaliculi. Lamellae are concentric layers of compact bone surrounding the haversian canal in mammals. Striated fibres are unbranched and show striations. Basophils are Granulocytes. These are types of Leukocytes. These are 0-1% of the total WBC's. These secrete substances like Histamine, Serotonin and heparin. Histamine is a Vasodilator. Serotonin mainly acts as Vasoconstrictor while Heparin is an anticoagulant. Thus basophils are non-phagocytic.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Read the following statement carefully (A-D):

A. Thymosin hormone helps T-lymphocytes to provide cell-mediated immunity.
B. Calcitonin hormone increases blood calcium level and is hypercalcemic.
C. Melanin hormones from the pineal gland, regulate the 24 hours (diurnal) rhythm cycle.
D. Epinephrine and norepinephrine hormones are called catecholamines.

How many statement/s from the above is/are correct?

Options:
A Four
B Three
C Two
D One

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
Calcitonin hormone decreases blood calcium level and is hypocalcemic. It promote deposition of calcium on bones called calcification of bones.
Melatonin hormones from pineal gland, regulate the 24 hours (diurnal) rhythm of our body. It helps in maintaining the normal rhythms of sleep-wake cycle.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Read the following statement having two blanks ( 1 and 2 ).
A drug used for (1) patients is obtained from a species of the organism (2) ...... The one correct option for the two blanks is.

Options:
A (a)
B (b)
C (c)
D (d)

The correct answer is:
(b)

Solution:
A bioactive molecule, cyclosporin A, that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transparent patients is produced by the fungus-Trichoderma polysporus.

Topic: Biology, Biotechnology and Its Applications, NEET, NEET 2011 (Mains)
Read the following statements:

A. The cerebral aqueduct passes through the cerebrum.
B. The cones are responsible for photopic vision, while the rods allow scotopic vision.
C. The ampulla is found in the base of the semi-circular canals and its special receptors help in hearing.

How many of the given statements are correct?

Options:
A None
B One
C Two
D Three

The correct answer is:
One

Solution:
Only statement B is correct.
There are two types of photoreceptor cells, namely, rods and cones. These cells contain the light-sensitive proteins called the photopigments. The daylight (photopic) vision and colour vision are functions of cones and the twilight (scotopic) vision is the function of the rods.
The midbrain is located between the thalamus/hypothalamus of the forebrain and pons of the hindbrain. A canal called the cerebral aqueduct passess through the midbrain.
The vestibular apparatus is composed of three semi-circular canals and the otolith. Each semi-circular canal lies in a different plane at right angles to each other. The membranous canals are suspended in the perilymph of the bony canals. The base of canals is swollen and is called ampulla, which contains a projecting ridge called crista ampullaris which has hair cells. The saccule and utricle contain a projecting ridge called macula. The crista and macula are the specific receptors of the vestibular apparatus responsible for maintenance of balance of the body and posture.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET
Read the following statements:
(A) Volume of the nucleus is directly proportional to the mass number.
(B) Volume of the nucleus is independent of mass number.
(C) Density of the nucleus is directly proportional to the mass number.
(D) Density of the nucleus is directly proportional to the cube root of the mass number.
(E) Density of the nucleus is independent of the mass number.

Choose the correct option from the following options.

Options:
A (A) and (D) only.
B (A) and (E) only.
C (B) and (E) only.
D (A) and (C) only

The correct answer is:
(A) and (E) only.

Solution:
Radius of nucleus is R=R0A13, where, R0=1.2×10-15 m and A is mass number of nucleus.

Thus, R∝A13

Volume of nucleus is V=43πR3⇒V∝R3⇒V∝A.

Now, the density of nucleus is given by ρ=MV=mA43πR03A=m43πR03

Thus, density is independent of A.

Hence, only A and E are correct.

Topic: Physics, Atomic Physics, JEE Main, JEE Main 2022 (29 Jul Shift 2)
Read the following statements :
A. When small temperature difference between a liquid and its surrounding is doubled the rate of loss of heat of the liquid becomes twice.

B. Two bodies P and Q having equal surface areas are maintained at temperature 10°C and 20°C. The thermal radiation emitted in a given time by P and Q are in the ratio 1:1.15

C. A carnot Engine working between 100 K and 400 K has an efficiency of 75%

D. When small temperature difference between a liquid and its surrounding is quadrupled, the rate of loss of heat of the liquid becomes twice.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Options:
A A,B,C only
B A,B only
C A,C only
D B,C,D only

The correct answer is:
A,B,C only

Solution:
A. by Newton's law of cooling -dθdt∝Δθ

B. According to Stephan's law dHdt=σeAT4⇒HPHQ=TPTQ4=2832934

⇒HP:HQ=11.034=1:1.034=1:1.15

⇒B is correct

C. The efficiency of the Carnot cycle is given byη=1-T1T2=1-100400=34=75%

D. is wrong as according to the Newton's law of cooling dθdt∝ΔT

Topic: Physics, Thermodynamics, JEE Main, JEE Main 2022 (27 Jul Shift 1)
Read the following statements about a leaf. Which amongst them are correct?

I. The swollen leaf-base mainly seen in leguminous plants is called the pulvinus.
II. The axillary bud arises from the axil formed by the leaf.
III. The leaf lamina is generally flat but may vary in shape and size from plant to plant.

Options:
A Only I
B I, II and III
C I and III
D I and II

The correct answer is:
I, II and III

Solution:
The leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of the plant. It majorly consists of the leaf base, petiole, and the leaf lamina. Sometimes the swollen leaf base, called pulvinus, is seen in leguminous plants. The leaf generally emerges from the node of the stem where it forms an axil through which an axillary bud emerges. This axillary bud further develops into a branch. The leaf lamina serves as the stage for harvesting light for photosynthesis. The shape of the leaf may vary from plant to plant

Topic: Biology, Morphology of Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the following statements about adrenal hormones. Select the correct one.

Options:
A Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of Ca2+ and water from the renal tubules.
B Cortisol is a major glucocorticoid.
C Glucocorticoids promote cellular uptake and utilisation of amino acids.
D Androgens helps in the maintenance of body fluid volume and osmotic pressure only.

The correct answer is:
Cortisol is a major glucocorticoid.

Solution:
Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ and water from renal tubules. Glucocorticoids inhibit cellular uptake and utilisation of amino acids. Aldosterone helps in the maintenance of body fluid volume, electrolytes, osmotic pressure and blood pressure.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Read the following statements about animal tissues and choose the option which correctly states true (T) or false (F).

1 Bone is the main tissue that provides a structural frame to the body.
2 The intercellular material of cartilage is solid and non-pliable, which resists compressions.
3 The ligament attaches skeletal muscles to bones.
4 In all connective tissue without exception, the cells secrete fibres of structural collagen or elastin proteins.

Options:
A 1-F;Â 2-T;Â 3-F;Â 4-T
B 1-T;Â 2-F;Â 3-T;Â 4-T
C 1-F;Â 2-T;Â 3-T;Â 4-FÂ
D 1-T; 2-F; 3-F; 4-F

The correct answer is:
1-T; 2-F; 3-F; 4-F

Solution:
The intercellular material of cartilage âis made up of chondrocytes that are pliable and resist compression. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones, whereas ligaments attach one bone to another bone. In all connective tissues except blood, the cells secrete fibres such as collagen or elastin proteins.

Topic: Biology, Structural Organisation in Animals, NEET
Read the following statements about male reproductive system and identify the correct ones.

I. The scrotum helps in maintaining the temperature ideal for spermatogenesis.
II. The male germ cells present in the seminiferous tubules undergo mitotic division and lead to the formation of sperms.
III. The bulbourethral glands secrete substances which help in lubricating the penis and these glands also help in formation of the ejaculatory duct.
IV. The site of spermatogenesis are highly coiled structures situated in the compartments of the testis.

Options:
A I and II
B I and IV
C I, III and IV
D I, II and III

The correct answer is:
I and IV

Solution:
I. The scrotum is a pouch like structure in which the testis are suspended outside the abdominal cavity. It helps in maintaining the temperature 2-2.5 degree Celsius lower than internal body temperature, which is required for spermatogenesis.
II. The male germ cells present in the seminiferous tubules undergo meiotic division and lead to the formation of sperms.
III. The bulbourethral gland do not contribute to the formation of ejaculatory duct. The seminal vesicle contributes to it.
IV. The site of spermatogenesis is the seminiferous tubules. They are 1-3 highly coiled structures situated in the testicular lobules, which are the compartments of testis.

Topic: Biology, Human Reproduction, NEET
Read the following statements about protists and state how many of them are true.

(i) Euglenoids have a carbohydrate rich layer called pellicle.

(ii) Slime moulds are saprophytic fungi.

(iii) Dinoflagellates are mostly found in fresh water and are photosynthetic.

(iv) Spores of slime moulds are dispersed by water.

Options:
A One
B Two
C Three
D Zero

The correct answer is:
Zero

Solution:
Euglenoids have a protein rich layer called pellicle which makes their body flexible. They have two flagella, a short and a long one. Slime moulds are saprophytic protists. The body moves along decaying twigs and leaves engulfing organic material. During unfavourable conditions, the plasmodium differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips. The spores possess true walls. They are extremely resistant and survive for many years, even under adverse conditions. The spores are dispersed by air currents. Dinoflagellates are mostly marine and photosynthetic. They appear yellow, green, brown, blue or red depending on the main pigments present in their cells.

Topic: Biology, Biological Classification, NEET
Read the following statements about the excretory system in humans:

I. A fall in GFR can activate the JG cells to release renin.
II. ADH can also affect the kidney function by its constrictory effects on blood vessels.
III. The proximity between the Henle's loop and vasa recta, as well as the counter-current in them help in maintaining an increasing osmolarity towards the outer medullary interstitium.
IV. Our lungs remove large amounts of CO2 (108 litres/day).
V. Renal calculi are the stone or insoluble mass of crystallised salts like oxalates within the kidney.

How many of these are incorrect?

Options:
A None
B One
C Two
D Three

The correct answer is:
Two

Solution:
III and IV are incorrect.
The proximity between the Henle's loop and vasa recta, as well as the counter-current in them help in maintaining an increasing osmolarity towards the inner medullary interstitium.
Our lungs remove large amounts of CO2 (18 litres/day).

Topic: Biology, Excretory Products and their Elimination, NEET
Read the following statements about the living plant tissue which has irregular thickenings and identify the false statement.

I. The cell wall is rigid without any intercellular spaces.
II. It is found in the form of a single-layered hypodermis of the herbaceous dicotyledonous stem.
III. It is mostly found in monocots and roots.
IV. The main function is to provide flexible mechanical support and tensile strength.

Options:
A I and II
B II and III
C III and IV
D I, II and III

The correct answer is:
II and III

Solution:
The living plant tissue which has irregular thickenings is called collenchyma. The thickenings are made up of pectin between the cells. Thus there is no free intercellular space. In a dicot stem, the hypodermis, consists of a few layers of collenchymatous cells and it provides mechanical strength to the young stem. In monocot stem the hypodermis is sclerenchymatous. It is absent in roots.

Topic: Biology, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, NEET
Read the following statements about the parathyroid gland and identify the true and false ones. Select the correct option after referring to the given table.

I. Human beings have a pair of parathyroid glands, situated in each lobe of the thyroid gland.
II. The secretion of PTH is regulated by the levels of circulating calcium ions.
III. PTH is a hypocalcemic hormone.
IV. PTH plays a major role in maintaining calcium balance in the body along with TCT.

Options:
A I- True, II- False, III- True, IV- False
B I- True, II-True, III- False, IV- True
C I- False, II- False, III- True, IV- False
D I- False, II- True, III- False, IV- True

The correct answer is:
I- False, II- True, III- False, IV- True

Solution:
I. Human beings have four parathyroid glands, two pairs each situated in each lobe of the thyroid gland.
III. PTH acts on bones and stimulates the process of bone resorption and also stimulates the absorption of calcium from the renal tubules and digested food. Hence, it is a 'hypercalcemic' hormone.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Read the following statements (A–D):

1. Catecholamines secreted from adrenal medulla stimulate breakdown of glycogen resulting in an increased concentration of glucose in blood.
2. Cortisol is also involved in maintaining the cardio-vascular system as well as kidney functions.
3. Hormone released from zona fasciculate produce anti-inflammatory reactions and suppresses the immune response.
4. Androgenic steroids secreted by adrenal cortex play a role in growth of axial hair, pubic hair and facial hair during puberty.

How many of the above statements are true?

Options:
A 3
B 4
C 2
D 1

The correct answer is:
4

Solution:
The adrenal medulla of the adrenal gland secretes two hormone epinephrine and norepinephrine, collectively called catecholamines, which are called fight or flight hormones. During this situation, energy is required which is also a function of catecholamines as it stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to give glucose. During fight and flight situation cortisol hormone (stress hormone) concentration also increases which is secreted by adrenal cortex cells, zona fasciculata. They increase blood pressure, suppress the immune response by activating anti-stress and anti-inflammatory pathway and increase glucose concentration. Androgens are sex hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex that control secondary sexual characters.

Topic: Biology, Chemical Coordination and Integration, NEET
Read the following statements (a-d) regarding the vestibular apparatus.

a. It is a part of the internal ear.
b. It is composed of three semicircular canals and the otolith organ consisting of utriculus & cochlea.
c. Crista and macula are the specific receptors of the vestibular apparatus.
d. It is responsible for the maintenance of a balance of the body.

Which of the above statements is/are wrong?

Options:
A b only
B a and b
C b and c
D a and d

The correct answer is:
b only

Solution:
Vestibular apparatus, located above the cochlea is the complex system of the inner ear. It is composed of the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear consists of three semicircular ducts three semi-circular canals and the otolith organ consisting of the saccule and utricle. The saccule and utricle contain a projecting ridge called macula. This crista and macula are responsible for the maintenance of a balance of the body.

Topic: Biology, Neural Control and Coordination, NEET