Technological innovation rarely serves the interests of society as a whole. This can be seen from the fact that those responsible for technological advances are almost without exception motivated by considerations of personal gain rather than societal benefit in that they strive to develop commercially viable technology.

Question: The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
Options:
A. contains a premise that cannot possibly be true
B. takes for granted that technology beneficial to society as a whole cannot be commercially viable
C. fails to consider the possibility that actions motivated by a desire for personal gain often do not result in personal gain
D. takes for granted that an action is unlikely to produce a certain outcome unless it is motivated by a desire to produce that outcome
E. draws a conclusion about the practical consequences of people's actions on the basis of theoretical views about what people should or should not do
Answer: "D"