Columnist: Tagowa's testimony in the Pemberton trial was not heard outside the courtroom, so we cannot be sure what she said. Afterward, however, she publicly affirmed her belief in Pemberton's guilt. Hence, since the jury found Pemberton not guilty, we can conclude that not all of the jury members believed Tagowa's testimony.
Question: Which one of the following describes a flaw in the columnist's reasoning?
Options:
A. It overlooks that a witness may think that a defendant is guilty even though that witness's testimony in no way implicates the defendant.
B. It confuses facts about what certain people believe with facts about what ought to be the case.
C. It presumes, without providing warrant, that juries find defendants guilty only if those defendants committed the crimes with which they are charged.
D. It presumes, without providing warrant, that a jury's finding a defendant not guilty is evidence of dishonesty on the part of someone who testified against the defendant.
E. It fails to consider that jury members sometimes disagree with each other about the significance of a particular person's testimony.
Answer: A