datasets-CNRS/thesaurus_psychologie_cognitive_memoire_humaine huggingface dataset:
chunking / tronçonnage
Synonymes : chunking, processus de groupement
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human, Psychology
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme, Psychologie
Definition: The process of combining information into units, usually using pre-existing representations from long-term memory.
Définition : Processus consistant à combiner des informations en unités, généralement en se servant de représentations pré-existantes en mémoire à long terme.
Broader term: organization
Terme générique : organisation
Narrower terms: simple chunking, hierarchical chunking
Termes spécifiques : processus de regroupement simple, processus de regroupement hiérarchique
Related terms: working memory, memory capacity, chunk, short-term memory, event segmentation
Termes associés : mémoire de travail, capacité de la mémoire, tronçon, mémoire à court terme, segmentation en évènements
Selected bibliography: Gilchrist, A. L., & Cowan, N. (2012). Chunking. In V. S. Ramachandran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (Second Edition) (pp. 476–483). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-375000-6.00089-6 [Study type: historical study, literature review / Access: closed], Gobet, F., Lane, P. C., Croker, S., Cheng, P. C., Jones, G., Oliver, I., & Pine, J. M. (2001). Chunking mechanisms in human learning. Trends in cognitive sciences, 5(6), 236‑243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01662-4 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two : Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81‑97. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043158 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Norris, D., Kalm, K., & Hall, J. (2020). Chunking and redintegration in verbal short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 46(5), 872‑893. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000762 [Study type: empirical study / Access: open], Norris, D., & Kalm, K. (2021). Chunking and data compression in verbal short-term memory. Cognition, 208, 104534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104534 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], Thalmann, M., Souza, A. S., & Oberauer, K. (2019). How does chunking help working memory? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 45(1), 37‑55. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000578 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Tosatto, L., Fagot, J., & Rey, A. (2023). The dynamics of chunking in humans (Homo sapiens) and Guinea baboons (Papio papio). Journal of Comparative Psychology, No Pagination Specified-No Pagination Specified. https://doi.org/10.1037/com0000336 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed]
Dataset citations: Norris, D. G., & Kalm, K. (2019, June 27). Chunking and redintegration in verbal short-term memory. https://osf.io/mkc26/, Thalmann, M., Souza, A. S., & Oberauer, K. (2019, September 12). How Chunking Helps Working Memory. https://osf.io/jjfbh/
schedule of reinforcement / programme de renforcement
Synonyms: reinforcement schedule
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human, Psychology
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme, Psychologie
Definition: “A reinforcement schedule is any procedure that delivers a reinforcer to an organism according to some well-deﬁned rule.“ (Staddon & Cerutti, 2003, p. 116).
Définition : « Un programme de renforcement est une procédure qui délivre un renforcement à un organisme selon une règle bien déﬁnie. » (Staddon & Cerutti, 2003, p. 116).
Broader term: objective study method of memory
Terme générique : méthode objective d'étude de la mémoire
Narrower terms: intermittent schedule of reinforcement, continuous schedule of reinforcement
Termes spécifiques : programme de renforcement intermittent, programme de renforcement continu
Study method of: reinforcement, operant conditioning
Selected bibliography: Doré, F.-Y., & Mercier, P. (1992). Les fondements de l’apprentissage et de la cognition. Presses Universitaires de Lille. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Ferster, C. B., & Skinner, B. F. (1957). Schedules of reinforcement. Appleton-Century-Crofts. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Schoenfeld, W. N., & Cole, B. K. (1975). What is a “schedule of reinforcement”? The Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science, 10(1), 52‑61. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03000622 [Study type: conceptual analysis / Access: closed], Staddon, J. E. R., & Cerutti, D. T. (2003). Operant conditioning. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 115‑144. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145124 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]
associative blocking / blocage associatif
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human, Psychology
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme, Psychologie
Definition: A mechanism used to explain the phenomenon of interference in memory, based on the idea of competition between memory traces. A cue fails to recover a memory because it is more strongly associated with another memory.
Définition : Mécanisme invoqué pour expliquer le phénomène d’interférence en mémoire. Il repose sur l’idée de compétition entre traces mnésiques. Un indice échoue à récupérer un souvenir parce qu’il est plus fortement associé à un autre souvenir.
Broader term: interference
Terme générique : interférence
Related terms: response competition
Termes associés : compétition des réponses
Selected bibliography: McGeoch, J. A. (1942). The psychology of human learning: An introduction. Longmans. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]
frontal lobe / lobe frontal
Synonyms: frontal cortex, frontal region
Synonymes : cortex frontal, région frontale
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human, Neurology
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme, Neurologie
Definition: Lobe located at the front of the cerebrum.
Définition : Lobe situé à l'avant du cerveau.
Broader term: brain lobe
Terme générique : lobe cérébral
Narrower terms: prefrontal cortex
Termes spécifiques : cortex préfrontal
Related terms: memory-guided attention, late frontal effect, FN400 wave
Termes associés : attention guidée par la mémoire, effet frontal tardif, onde FN400
brain network / réseau cérébral
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human, Neurophysiology, Neuropsychology
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme, Neurophysiologie, Neuropsychologie
Definition: Network of brain structures involved in memory.
Définition : Network of brain areas involved in memory.
Broader term: brain
Terme générique : encéphale
Narrower terms: autobiographical memory network, Papez circuit, parietal memory network, core recollection network, default mode network
Termes spécifiques : réseau de la mémoire autobiographique, circuit de Papez, réseau pariétal de la mémoire, réseau cœur de la recollection, réseau du mode par défaut
inhibition / inhibition
Synonyms: suppression
Synonymes : suppression
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human, Neurophysiology, Psychology
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme, Neurophysiologie, Psychologie
Definition: An active process that reduces the level of activation of a memory trace and makes it less accessible.
Définition : Processus actif qui réduit le niveau d’activation d’une trace mnésique et la rend moins accessible.
Broader term: attentional process, executive functions
Terme générique : processus attentionnel, fonctions exécutives
Narrower terms: inhibitory control
Termes spécifiques : contrôle inhibiteur
Related terms: activation, retrieval practice, think/no-think paradigm, forgetting, proactive interference, retroactive interference, retrieval-induced forgetting, attention, output interference, directed forgetting, part-list cuing effect, interference, response competition, collaborative inhibition
Termes associés : activation, pratique de la récupération, paradigme penser/ne pas penser, oubli, interférence proactive, interférence rétroactive, oubli induit par récupération, attention, interférence en sortie, oubli dirigé, effet d’indiçage partiel d’une liste, interférence, compétition des réponses, inhibition collaborative
Selected bibliography: Raaijmakers, J. G. W. (2018). Inhibition in memory. In J. H. Wixted (Ed.), Stevens’ Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience (pp. 251–284). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119170174.epcn108 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Werner, K. M., Inzlicht, M., & Ford, B. Q. (2022). Whither inhibition? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 31(4), 333‑339. https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214221095848 [Study type: conceptual analysis, literature review / Access: open]
far transfer / transfert éloigné
Synonymes : transfert distant, transfert lointain
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human, Psychology
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme, Psychologie
Definition: The transfer of knowledge or skills acquired during a task to a new task that shares a few common features with the first task.
Définition : Transfert de connaissances ou d'habilités acquises au cours d'une tâche à la réalisation d'une nouvelle tâche partageant peu de caractéristiques communes avec la première.
Broader term: transfer
Terme générique : transfert
Related terms: near transfer, working memory training
Termes associés : transfert proche, entraînement de la mémoire de travail
Selected bibliography: Barnett, S. M., & Ceci, S. J. (2002). When and where do we apply what we learn? A taxonomy for far transfer. Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 612–637. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.612 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Kaminske, A. N., Kuepper-Tetzel, C. E., Nebel, C. L., Sumeracki, M. A., & Ryan, S. P. (2020). Transfer: A review for biology and the life sciences. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 19(3), es9. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-11-0227 [Study type: literature review / Access: free], Sala, G., & Gobet, F. (2017). Does far transfer exist? Negative evidence from chess, music, and working memory training. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26(6), 515–520. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417712760 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], Sala, G., Aksayli, N. D., Tatlidil, K. S., Tatsumi, T., Gondo, Y., & Gobet, F. (2019). Near and far transfer in cognitive training: A second-order meta-analysis. Collabra: Psychology, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.203 [Study type: meta-analysis / Access: open]
negative transfer / transfert négatif
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human, Psychology
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme, Psychologie
Definition: Negative transfer occurs when a first learning impairs a second learning.
Définition : Un transfert négatif s’observe quand un premier apprentissage entrave un second apprentissage.
Broader term: transfer
Terme générique : transfert
Related terms: positive transfer
Termes associés : transfert positif
proactive interference / interférence proactive
Synonyms: proactive inhibition
Synonymes : inhibition proactive
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human, Psychology
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme, Psychologie
Definition: The process by which older memories disrupts the retention of newer information.
Définition : Processus par lequel des souvenirs anciens perturbent la rétention de nouvelles informations.
Broader term: interference
Terme générique : interférence
Related terms: forgetting, inhibition, retroactive interference, release from proactive interference, reverse interference effect
Termes associés : oubli, inhibition, interférence rétroactive, levée de l'interférence proactive, effet inversé de l'interférence
Has study methods: California Verbal Learning Test ​
Selected bibliography: Anderson, M. C., & Neely, J. H. (1996). Interference and inhibition in memory retrieval. In E. L. Bjork & R. A. Bjork (Eds.), Memory (p. 237‑313). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012102570-0/50010-0 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Keppel, G., & Underwood, B. J. (1962). Proactive inhibition in short-term retention of single items. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1(3), 153‑161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(62)80023-1 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Kliegl, O., & Bäuml, K.-H. T. (2021). Buildup and release from proactive interference – Cognitive and neural mechanisms. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 120, 264–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.028 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Neath, I., & Surprenant, A. M. (2015). Proactive interference. In J. Wright (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (p. 1‑8). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.51054-X [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Underwood, B. J. (1957). Interference and forgetting. Psychological Review, 64(1), 49-60. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0044616 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed]
retroactive interference / interférence rétroactive
Synonyms: retroactive inhibition
Synonymes : inhibition rétroactive
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human, Psychology
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme, Psychologie
Definition: The process by which the learning of new information disrupts the retention of similar information previously learned.
Définition : Processus par lequel l’apprentissage de nouvelles informations perturbent la rétention d’informations similaires apprises antérieurement.
Broader term: interference
Terme générique : interférence
Narrower terms: associative unlearning
Termes spécifiques : désapprentissage associatif
Related terms: forgetting, Skaggs-Robinson hypothesis, inhibition, proactive interference, response competition, spontaneous recovery (memory), temporal gradient of retroactive interference
Termes associés : oubli, hypothèse de Skaggs-Robinson, inhibition, interférence proactive, compétition des réponses, récupération spontanée (mémoire), gradient temporel de l'interférence rétroactive
Has study methods: MMFR procedure, one-list-back paradigm, A-B, A-C learning task, California Verbal Learning Test ​, modified free recall procedure
Selected bibliography: Anderson, M. C., & Neely, J. H. (1996). Interference and inhibition in memory retrieval. In E. L. Bjork & R. A. Bjork (Eds.), Memory (p. 237‑313). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012102570-0/50010-0 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Craig, M., Dewar, M., & Sala, S. D. (2015). Retroactive interference. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition) (p. 613-620). Elsevier. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], McGeoch, J. A. (1932). Forgetting and the law of disuse. Psychological Review, 39(4), 352–370. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0069819 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]
reinforcement / renforcement
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human, Psychology
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme, Psychologie
Definition: "Increase in the strength of a reaction by the presentation of a suitable stimulus." (Le Ny, 1980, p. 191).
Définition : «  Augmentation de la force d’une réaction par la présentation d’un stimulus adéquat. » (Le Ny, 1980, p. 191).
Broader term: learning process
Terme générique : processus d'apprentissage
Related terms: reinforcer, classical conditioning, operant conditioning
Termes associés : renforçateur, conditionnement classique, conditionnement opérant
Has study methods: variable interval schedule of reinforcement, ratio schedule of reinforcement, variable ratio schedule of reinforcement, schedule of reinforcement, interval schedule of reinforcement, intermittent schedule of reinforcement, continuous schedule of reinforcement, fixed interval schedule of reinforcement, fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement
Selected bibliography: Le Ny, J.-F. (1980). Le conditionnement et l’apprentissage (6ème édition). Presses Universitaires de France. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis. Appleton-Century-Croft, Inc. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]
Papez circuit / circuit de Papez
Synonyms: Papez-Jakob circuit, medial limbic circuit
Synonymes : circuit de Papez-Jakob, circuit limbique médian
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme
Definition: This network of brain structures was described for the first time by the American neuroanatomist James W. Papez in 1937, and is thought to be involved in the control of emotions and in memory: mammillary bodies, anterior nucleus of the thalamus, anterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, fornix.
Définition : Décrit pour la première fois par le neuroanatomiste américain James W. Papez en 1937, réseau de structures cérébrales qui serait impliqué dans le contrôle des émotions et la mémoire : corps mammillaires, noyau antérieur du thalamus, cortex cingulaire antérieur, gyrus parahippocampique, hippocampe, fornix.
Broader term: brain network
Terme générique : réseau cérébral
Related terms: mammillary bodies, episodic memory, emotion, parahippocampal cortex, spatial memory, hippocampus
Termes associés : corps mammilaires, mémoire épisodique, émotion, cortex parahippocampique, mémoire spatiale, hippocampe
Selected bibliography: Aggleton, J. P., Nelson, A. J. D., & O’Mara, S. M. (2022). Time to retire the serial Papez circuit: Implications for space, memory, and attention. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 140, 104813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104813 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], Hall, S. (in press). Is the Papez circuit the location of the elusive episodic memory engram? IBRO Neuroscience Reports, 0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.016 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], Papez, J.W. (1937). A proposed mechanism of emotion. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry, 38(4), 725-743. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurpsyc.1937.02260220069003 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]
ventrolateral prefrontal cortex / cortex préfrontal ventrolatéral
Synonyms: VLPFC
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human, Neurology, Neuropsychology
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme, Neurologie, Neuropsychologie
Broader term: prefrontal cortex
Terme générique : cortex préfrontal
Related terms: episodic memory, working memory, retrieval, retrieval-induced forgetting, prospective memory
Termes associés : mémoire épisodique, mémoire de travail, récupération, oubli induit par récupération, mémoire prospective
Selected bibliography: Machizawa, M. G., Kalla, R., Walsh, V., & Otten, L. J. (2010). The time course of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex involvement in memory formation. Journal of Neurophysiology, 103(3), 1569‑1579. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.90937.2008 [Study type: empirical study / Access: open], Samrani, G., Bäckman, L., & Persson, J. (2019). Interference control in working memory is associated with ventrolateral prefrontal cortex volume. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 31(10), 1491‑1505. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01430 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Weintraub-Brevda, R. R., & Chua, E. F. (2019). The role of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in emotional enhancement of memory : A TMS study. 17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2018.1496905 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed]
bayesian model / modèle bayésien
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human, Psychology, Probability / Statistics
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme, Psychologie, Probabilités / Statistiques
Definition: The brain is constantly making predictions and decisions under uncertainty, trying to find an optimal response. An approach in cognitive science attempts to model this mode of functioning by using a formula developed by the British mathematician Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In a nutshell, this formula evaluates the probability of an event as new information becomes known. The Bayesian approach is used to model many cognitive activities, including memory.
Définition : Le cerveau serait constamment en train d’effectuer des prédictions et de prendre des décisions dans l’incertitude en essayant de trouver une réponse optimale. Une approche en sciences cognitives tente de modéliser ce mode de fonctionnement en faisant appel à une formule élaborée par le mathématicien britannique Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). Très schématiquement, cette formule permet d’évaluer la probabilité d’un évènement au fur et à mesure que de nouvelles informations sont connues. L'approche bayésienne est utilisée pour modéliser de nombreuses activités cognitives, dont certains phénomènes de la mémoire.
Broader term: computational model
Terme générique : modèle computationnel
Narrower terms: retrieving effectively from memory model
Termes spécifiques : modèle de récupération efficace en mémoire
Related terms: predictive brain, probabilistic topic model
Termes associés : cerveau prédictif, modèle de topiques probabiliste
Model of: working memory updating
Selected bibliography: Chater, N., Oaksford, M., Hahn, U., & Heit, E. (2010). Bayesian models of cognition. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 1(6), 811-823. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.79 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Griffiths, T. L., Kemp, C., & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2008). Bayesian models of cognition. In R. Sun (Eds.), Cambridge Handbook of Computational Pychology (pp. 59–100). Cambridge University Press. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]
interval schedule of reinforcement / programme de renforcement à intervalle
Synonyms: interval reinforcement schedule
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human, Psychology
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme, Psychologie
Definition: A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is delivered to a behavior after a certain time interval.
Définition : Programme de renforcement dans lequel le renforcement est délivré à un comportement après un certain intervalle de temps.
Broader term: intermittent schedule of reinforcement
Terme générique : programme de renforcement intermittent
Narrower terms: variable interval schedule of reinforcement, fixed interval schedule of reinforcement
Termes spécifiques : programme de renforcement à intervalle variable, programme de renforcement à intervalle fixe
Study method of: reinforcement, operant conditioning
Selected bibliography: Ferster, C. B., & Skinner, B. F. (1957). Schedules of reinforcement. Appleton-Century-Crofts. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]
synaptic consolidation / consolidation synaptique
Synonyms: cellular consolidation
Synonymes : consolidation cellulaire
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme
Definition: Molecular and cellular changes for the strengthening of synapses during the few minutes or hours after the encoding of a memory.
Définition : Changements moléculaires et cellulaires permettant un renforcement des synapses durant les minutes ou heures suivant l'encodage d'un souvenir.
Broader term: consolidation
Terme générique : consolidation
Related terms: engram cell
Termes associés : cellule d'engramme
Selected bibliography: Dudai, Y. (2004). The neurobiology of consolidations, or, how stable is the engram? Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 51-86. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142050 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]