datasets-CNRS/thesaurus_psychologie_cognitive_memoire_humaine huggingface dataset:
prosopagnosia / prosopagnosie
Synonyms: agnosia for face, face blindness, facial recognition agnosia
Synonymes : agnosie de reconnaissance des visages, agnosie des visages, cécité aux visages
Group: Human, Neurology
Groupe : Homme, Neurologie
Definition: "Prosopagnosia means inability to recognize faces, the term deriving from the Greek prosopon (face) and gnosis (knowledge), and refers to a condition that was first observed as a consequence of brain lesions (acquired prosopagnosia). The term is also used to refer to a graded but clearly disproportionate difficulty to recognize faces in the absence of a neurological damage (developmental prosopagnosia)." (Lahiri, 2020, p. 479).
Définition : « La prosopagnosie signifie l'incapacité à reconnaître les visages, le terme dérivant du grec prosopon (visage) et gnosis (connaissance), et désigne une affection qui a été observée pour la première fois à la suite de lésions cérébrales (prosopagnosie acquise). Le terme est également utilisé pour désigner une difficulté graduelle mais clairement disproportionnée à reconnaître les visages en l'absence d'une lésion neurologique (prosopagnosie développementale). » (Lahiri, 2020, p. 479).
Broader term: agnosia
Terme générique : agnosie
Narrower terms: acquired prosopagnosia, developmental prosopagnosia
Termes spécifiques : prosopagnosie acquise, prosopagnosie développementale
Has diagnostic tools: CELEB battery, Cambridge Face Memory Test, Benton Facial Recognition Test
Disorder of: face memory
Selected bibliography: Barton, J. J. S., Davies-Thompson, J., & Corrow, S. L. (2021). Prosopagnosia and disorders of face processing. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 178, 175–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821377-3.00006-4 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Bodamer, J. (1947). Die Prosop-Agnosie: Die Agnosie des Physiognomieerkennens. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 179(1–2), 6–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00352849 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Lahiri, D. (2020). Prosopagnosia. Cortex, 132, 479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.010 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Quaglino, A., & Borelli, G. (1867). Emiplegia sinistra con amaurosiguarigione-perdita totale della percezione dei colouri e della memoria della configurazione degli oggetti. Giornale d’Oftalmologia Italiano, 10, 106–117. [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Rossion, B. (2022). Twenty years of investigation with the case of prosopagnosia PS to understand human face identity recognition. Part I: Function. Neuropsychologia, 173, 108278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108278 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Rossion, B. (2022). Twenty years of investigation with the case of prosopagnosia PS to understand human face identity recognition.Part II: Neural basis. Neuropsychologia, 173, 108279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108279 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed]
ogive learning curve / courbe d'apprentissage en ogive
Synonyms: S shape learning curve, sigmoid learning curve
Synonymes : courbe d'apprentissage en S, courbe d'apprentissage sigmoïde
Group: Human, Psychology
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie
Definition: A type of learning curve that indicates that the learning process starts slowly and then accelerates before it stabilizes.
Définition : Type de courbe d'apprentissage indiquant que l'apprentissage débute lentement, puis s'accélère avant de se stabiliser.
Broader term: learning curve
Terme générique : courbe d'apprentissage
Related terms: learning
Termes associés : apprentissage
Selected bibliography: Bills, A. G. (1934). General experimental psychology. Longmans, Green and co. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]
exemplar theories / théories de l'exemplaire
Group: Human, Psychology
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie
Definition: Theories of categorization which stipulate that exemplars of objects are stored in memory. Categorizing a new object is based on the assessment of its similarity with stored exemplars.
Définition : Théories de la catégorisation stipulant que des exemplaires des objets sont stockés en mémoire. Catégoriser un nouvel objet repose sur l'évaluation de sa similitude avec les exemplaires stockés.
Broader term: theory
Terme générique : théorie
Related terms: multiple trace model
Termes associés : modèle à traces multiples
Theory of: categorization, semantic memory, concept
Selected bibliography: Medin, D. L., & Schaffer, M. M. (1978). Context theory of classification learning. Psychological review, 85(3), 207–238. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.85.3.207 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Murphy, G. L. (2016). Is there an exemplar theory of concepts? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23(4), 1035‑1042. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0834-3 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], Nosofsky, R. M. (1986). Attention, similarity, and the identification-categorization relationship. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115(1), 39–57. https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-3445.115.1.39 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Nosofsky, R. M. (1992). Similarity scaling and cognitive process models. Annual Review of Psychology, 43, 25–53. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.43.020192.000325 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]
direct realism / réalisme direct
Group: Human, Philosophy
Groupe : Homme, Philosophie
Definition: In philosophy, the position according to which an episodic memory is directly connected to the past event, without intermediaries.
Définition : En philosophie, position selon laquelle le souvenir épisodique est relié directement, sans intermédiaire, à l'événement passé.
Broader term: theory
Terme générique : théorie
Theory of: episodic memory
Selected bibliography: Laird, J. (1920). A study in realism. Cambridge University Press. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Michaelian, K., & Sutton, J. (2017). Memory. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2017). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2017/entries/memory/ [Study type: conceptual analysis, literature review / Access: free], Perrin, D. (2012). Qu'est-ce que se souvenir ? Vrin. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Reid, Th. (1764/1941). Essays on the intellectual powers of man. Macmillan And Co. https://archive.org/details/essaysontheintel007938mbp ​ [Study type: literature review / Access: free]
confidence judgment / jugement de confiance
Synonyms: confidence, confidence rating
Synonymes : confiance
Group: Human, Psychology, Thematic grouping Memory and Law
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie, Regroupement thématique Mémoire et justice
Definition: A metamemory judgment that indicates the degree of certainty with which a person believes his or her memories are accurate. Confidence is usually measured using a rating scale.
Définition : Jugement métamnésique indiquant le niveau de certitude avec lequel une personne croit que ses souvenirs sont précis. La confiance est généralement mesurée au moyen d’une échelle d’évaluation.
Broader term: metamemory judgment
Terme générique : jugement métamnésique
Narrower terms: retrospective confidence, prospective confidence
Termes spécifiques : confiance rétrospective, confiance prospective
Related terms: legalPsych, confidence-accuracy characteristic curve, eyewitness testimony, calibration curve, hypercorrection effect, pyWitness, dud-alternative effect, reflector variable, confidence-accuracy relationship, hard-easy effect, imagination inflation effect, everyday amnesia, metacognitive bias, procedural metamemory
Termes associés : legalPsych, courbe caractéristique confiance-exactitude, témoignage oculaire, courbe de calibrage, effet d'hypercorrection, pyWitness, effet de l'alternative peu plausible, variable réflectrice, relation confiance-précision, effet difficile-facile, effet d'inflation par imagination, amnésie quotidienne, biais métacognitif, métamémoire procédurale
Measured by: calibration
Selected bibliography: Brewer, N., Lucas, C., Sauer, J., & Palmer, M. (2021). Measuring the relationship between eyewitness identification confidence and accuracy. In A. M. Smith, M. P. Toglia, & J. M. Lampinen (Eds.), Methods, measures, and theories in eyewitness identification tasks (pp. 234–256). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003138105-14 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Fleming, S. M. (2024). Metacognition and confidence: A review and synthesis. Annual Review of Psychology, 75, 241-268. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-022423-032425 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Greenspan, R. L., & Loftus, E. F. (2024). Interpreting eyewitness confidence: Numeric, verbal, and graded verbal scales. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 38(1), e4151. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4151 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Wixted, J. T., & Wells, G. L. (2017). The relationship between eyewitness confidence and identification accuracy: A new synthesis. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 18(1), 10–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100616686966 [Study type: literature review / Access: free]
negative acceleration learning curve / courbe d'apprentissage à accélération négative
Synonyms: negative acceleration, negative learning curve
Synonymes : accélération négative, courbe à accélération négative
Group: Human, Psychology
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie
Definition: A type of learning curve that shows that learning is rapid at first, and then gradually slows down to reach a point where no further progress is observed (the asymptote).
Définition : Type de courbe d'apprentissage montrant qu'un apprentissage est d'abord rapide puis ralentit graduellement jusqu'à atteindre un stade où plus aucun progrès n'est observé (asymptote).
Broader term: learning curve
Terme générique : courbe d'apprentissage
Related terms: learning
Termes associés : apprentissage
Selected bibliography: Bills, A. G. (1934). General experimental psychology. Longmans, Green and co. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]
strength-based mirror effect / effet miroir basé sur la force
Group: Human, Psychology
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie
Definition: "In recognition memory, when a list of items is strengthened via increasing the number of repetitions or manipulations during encoding, the probability to correctly endorse targets (hit rate) increase and the probability to incorrectly endorse foils (false alarm rate) decrease" (Kılıç et Öztekin, 2014, p. 158).
Définition : Dans un test de reconnaissance, augmentation des reconnaissances correctes et baisse des fausses alarmes des items d’une liste qui a bénéficié d’un encodage renforcé (par exemple, un nombre plus important de répétitions).
Broader term: mirror effect
Terme générique : effet miroir
Related terms: recognition memory
Termes associés : mémoire de reconnaissance
Has models: bind cue decide model of episodic memory, retrieving effectively from memory model
Selected bibliography: Kılıç, A., & Öztekin, I. (2014). Retrieval dynamics of the strength based mirror effect in recognition memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 76, 158-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2014.06.009 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Starns, J. J., White, C. N., & Ratcliff, R. (2010). A direct test of the differentiation mechanism: REM, BCDMEM, and the strength-based mirror effect in recognition memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 63(1), 18–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2010.03.004 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed]
Reminiscence Functions Scale / Échelle des fonctions de la réminiscence
Group: Human, Psychology
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie
Domain: Psychology
Domaine : Psychologie
Semantic category: Human
Catégorie sémantique : Homme
Definition: A 43-item questionnaire (Webster, 1993) “which measures the frequency with which people think and talk about the past for eight different functions: (1) Problem Solving, (2) Identity, (3) Conversation, (4) Boredom Reduction, (5) Intimacy Maintenance, (6) Death Preparation, (7) Teach/Inform, and (8) Bitterness Revival.“ (Harris et al., 2014, p. 561).
Définition : Questionnaire de 43 items (Webster, 1993) « qui mesure la fréquence avec laquelle les personnes pensent et parlent du passé selon huit fonctions différentes : (1) résolution de problèmes, (2) identité, (3) conversation, (4) réduction de l'ennui, (5) maintien de l'intimité, (6) préparation à la mort, (7) enseigner/informer, et (8) reviviscence de l'amertume. » (Harris et al., 2014, p. 561).
Broader term: self-report questionnaire
Terme générique : questionnaire d'autoévaluation
Related terms: young adult, aged adult, Thinking About Life Experiences Questionnaire, middle-aged adult
Termes associés : adulte jeune, adulte âgé, Questionnaire de réflexions sur les expériences de vie, adulte d'âge moyen
Study method of: reminiscence, autobiographical memory
Selected bibliography: Harris, C. B., Rasmussen, A. S., & Berntsen, D. (2014). The functions of autobiographical memory: An integrative approach. Memory, 22(5), 559–581. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2013.806555 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Marques, C., Dias, S. F., & Sousa, L. (in press). A systematic review of the Reminiscence Functions Scale and implications for use with older Adults. Clinical Gerontologist. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2023.2274989 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Mezred, D., Petigenet, V., Fort, I., Blaison, C., & Gana, K. (2006). La réminiscence: Concept, fonctions et mesures. Adaptation française de la Reminiscence Functions Scale. Les Cahiers Internationaux de Psychologie Sociale, Numéro 71(3), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.3917/cips.071.0003 [Study type: empirical study / Access: open], Webster, J. D. (1993). Construction and validation of the reminiscence functions scale. Journal of Gerontology, 48(5), P256–P262. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/48.5.P256 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Webster, J. D. (1997). The Reminiscence Functions Scale: A replication. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 44(2), 137–148. https://doi.org/10.2190/AD4D-813D-F5XN-W07G [Study type: empirical study, replication / Access: closed]
prediction of learning / prédiction d'apprentissage
Group: Human, Psychology
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie
Definition: Metamemory judgment consisting of predicting the probability of recall of an item with one, two, three or four additional learning trials.
Définition : Jugement métamnésique consistant à prédire la probabilité de rappel d'un item si celui-ci bénéficie d'un, deux, trois ou quatre essais d'apprentissage supplémentaires.
Broader term: prospective confidence
Terme générique : confiance prospective
Related terms: stability bias, procedural metamemory
Termes associés : biais de stabilité, métamémoire procédurale
Selected bibliography: Kornell, N., & Bjork, R. A. (2009). A stability bias in human memory: Overestimating remembering and underestimating learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 138(4), 449-468. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017350 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed]
principle of correspondence / principe de correspondance
Group: Human, Psychology
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie
Definition: An autobiographical memory should be most in line with our experience of reality.
Définition : Un souvenir autobiographique doit correspondre au mieux à notre expérience de la réalité.
Broader term: principle
Terme générique : principe
Related terms: autobiographical memory
Termes associés : mémoire autobiographique
Selected bibliography: Conway, M. A., Singer, J. A., & Tagini, A. (2004). The self and autobiographical memory : Correspondence and coherence. Social Cognition, 22(5), 491‑529. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.22.5.491.50768 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Conway, M. A. (2005). Memory and the self. Journal of Memory and Language, 53(4), 594‑628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2005.08.005 [Study type: literature review / Access: open]
interview / entretien
Synonymes : entrevue, interview
Group: Human, Psychology, Sociology
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie, Sociologie
Definition: A formal conversation to collect specific information from an individual.
Définition : Conversation formelle destinée à recueillir des informations précises auprès d'une personne.
Broader term: objective study method of memory
Terme générique : méthode objective d'étude de la mémoire
Narrower terms: Autobiographical Interview, investigative interview, Autobiographical Memory Interview
Termes spécifiques : entretien autobiographique, entretien d’enquête, Entretien de mémoire autobiographique
skill acquisition / acquisition d’une habileté
Synonyms: procedural learning, skill learning
Synonymes : apprentissage d'une habileté, apprentissage procédural
Group: Human, Psychology
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie
Definition: Improvement of the ease with which a task is performed over trials.
Définition : Amélioration de la facilité avec laquelle une tâche est réalisée au fur et à mesure des essais.
Broader term: learning process
Terme générique : processus d'apprentissage
Related terms: procedural memory, learning
Termes associés : mémoire procédurale, apprentissage
Has study methods: Tower of Hanoi task, serial reaction time task, alternating serial reaction time task, mirror learning
Selected bibliography: Beaunieux, H. (2023). L’évaluation de la mémoire procédurale. In H. Amieva, P. Azouvi, E. Barbeau, & F. Colette (Éds.), Traité de neuropsychologie de l’adulte: Tome 1. Évaluation (p. 231‑240). De Boeck Supérieur. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Bo, J., Langan, J., & Seidler, R. D. (2008). Cognitive neuroscience of skill acquisition. In Advances in Psychology (Vol. 139, pp. 101–112). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(08)10009-7 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]
recovered memory / souvenir retrouvé
Synonymes : souvenir recouvré
Group: Human, Psychology, Thematic grouping Memory and Law
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie, Regroupement thématique Mémoire et justice
Definition: Memory of a traumatic autobiographical event, recovered spontaneously or in the course of a therapy, and which was previously perceived as being inaccessible.
Définition : Souvenir d'un évènement autobiographique traumatique, retrouvé spontanément ou au cours d'une thérapie, et qui était auparavant perçu comme inaccessible.
Broader term: memory
Terme générique : mémoire
Related terms: eyewitness testimony, autobiographical memory, false memory, forgot-it-all-along effect, functional amnesia
Termes associés : témoignage oculaire, mémoire autobiographique, faux souvenir, effet d'oubli d'une récupération antérieure, amnésie fonctionnelle
Selected bibliography: Belli, R. F. (Ed.). (2012). True and false recovered memories : Toward a reconciliation of the debate (2012ᵉ éd.). Springer-Verlag New York Inc. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Brédart, S. (2004). La récupération de souvenirs d’abus sexuels infantiles chez l’adulte. In S. Brédart & M. Van der Linden (Eds.), Souvenirs récupérés, souvenirs oubliés et faux souvenirs. (pp. 13–46). Solal. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Dodier, O., Barzykowski, K., & Souchay, C. (2023). Recovered memories of trauma as a special (or not so special) form of involuntary autobiographical memories. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1268757 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], Dodier, O. (2019). A bibliometric analysis of the recovered memory controversy in the 21st century. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 33(4), 571‑584. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3498 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Dodier, O., Patihis, L., & Payoux, M. (2019). Reports of recovered memories of childhood abuse in therapy in France. Memory, 27(9), 1283‑1298. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2019.1652654 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Dodier, O. (2021). L’amnésie dissociative : Limites méthodologiques, limites conceptuelles, et explications alternatives. L'Année Psychologique, 121(3), 275‑309. https://doi.org/10.3917/anpsy1.213.0275 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Dodier, O., & Patihis, L. (2021). Recovered memories of child abuse outside of therapy. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 35(2), 538‑547. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3783 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Loftus, E. F., & Davis, D. (2006). Recovered memories. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2, 469‑498. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.2.022305.095315 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], McNally, R. J. (2003). Remembering trauma. Harvard University Press. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], McNally, R. J., & Geraerts, E. (2009). A new solution to the recovered memory debate. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(2), 126‑134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01112.x [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]
operation span task / tâche d'empan d'opération
Synonyms: OSPAN task
Group: Human, Psychology
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie
Definition: The subject is required to check the results of a series of mathematical equations and to read aloud a word that ends each equation. After the presentation of a series of two to seven equations, the subject is asked to remember the words in the correct order. The span is the maximum number of words that the subject is able to remember. There are variations on this procedure (e.g. words at the end of a series of equations may be replaced by letters).
Définition : Le sujet est amené à vérifier le résultat d’une série d'équations arithmétiques et à lire à voix haute un mot qui termine chaque équation. Après la présentation d’une série de deux à sept équations, le sujet doit rappeler les mots dans l'ordre correct. L’empan correspond au nombre maximum de mots que le sujet est capable de rappeler. Il existe des variantes de cette procédure (par exemple, les mots à rappeler à la fin d’une série d’équations peuvent être remplacés par des lettres de l’alphabet).
Broader term: complex span task
Terme générique : tâche d'empan complexe
Related terms: computation span task, serial recall task, memory span
Termes associés : tâche d'empan de calcul, tâche de rappel sériel, empan mnésique
Study method of: working memory, verbal memory
Selected bibliography: Turner, M. L., & Engle, R. W. (1989). Is working memory capacity task dependent? Journal of Memory and Language, 28(2), 127-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-596X(89)90040-5 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed]
chunk / tronçon
Synonymes : bloc, chunk, groupement
Group: Human, Psychology
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie
Definition: A unit combining several pieces of information in short-term memory.
Définition : Unité combinant plusieurs informations en mémoire à court terme.
Broader term: short-term memory
Terme générique : mémoire à court terme
Related terms: concentric model, simple chunking, chunking, working memory, memory capacity, hierarchical chunking
Termes associés : modèle concentrique, processus de regroupement simple, tronçonnage, mémoire de travail, capacité de la mémoire, processus de regroupement hiérarchique
Selected bibliography: Gobet, F., Lane, P. C., Croker, S., Cheng, P. C., Jones, G., Oliver, I., & Pine, J. M. (2001). Chunking mechanisms in human learning. Trends in cognitive sciences, 5(6), 236‑243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01662-4 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two : Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81‑97. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043158 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Norris, D., & Kalm, K. (2021). Chunking and data compression in verbal short-term memory. Cognition, 208, 104534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104534 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], Simon, H. A. (1974). How big is a chunk? Science, 183(4124), 482‑488. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.183.4124.482 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]