datasets-CNRS/thesaurus_psychologie_cognitive_memoire_humaine huggingface dataset:
encoding variability principle / principe de la variabilité de l'encodage
Group: Human, Psychology
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie
Definition: Principle that memory is improved when the material is encoded in various environmental and psychological conditions.
Définition : Principe selon lequel la mémoire d'un matériel est améliorée quand il est encodé dans des conditions environnementales et psychologiques variées.
Broader term: principle
Terme générique : principe
Related terms: episodic memory, encoding
Termes associés : mémoire épisodique, encodage
Selected bibliography: Estes, W. K. (1955a). Statistical theory of distributional phenomena in learning. Psychological Review, 62(5), 369-377. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046888 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Estes, W. K. (1955b). Statistical theory of spontaneous recovery and regression. Psychological Review, 62(3), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0048509 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed]
backward priming effect / effet d'amorçage à rebours
Group: Human, Psychology
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie
Definition: Form of associative priming when a word generated by verbal association by another word is used as a prime. For example, if the word LIGHT generates the word LAMP by free association, the backward priming will be to present LAMP before LIGHT.
Définition : Forme d'amorçage associatif dans lequel un mot généré par association verbale par un autre mot sert d'amorçe. Par exemple, si le mot LUMIERE génère par association verbale le mot LAMPE, la procédure d'amorçage à rebours consistera à présenter d'abord le mot LAMPE puis le mot LUMIERE.
Broader term: associative priming effect
Terme générique : effet d'amorçage associatif
Study method of: priming effect, associative priming effect
Selected bibliography: Koriat, A. (1981). Semantic facilitation in lexical decision as a function of prime-target association. Memory & Cognition, 9(6), 587–598. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03202353 [Study type: empirical study / Access: open]
multidimensional face space model / modèle de l'espace multidimensionnel des visages
Synonyms: face space model
Synonymes : modèle multidimensionnel de l’espace visages
Group: Human, Psychology
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie
Definition: Model developed by Tim Valentine and collaborators describing how faces are thought to be stored in memory. Each face is represented by a value related to the dimensions of different aspects of a face (length of nose, elongation of the face, etc). Typical faces are concentrated in space and closest to the intersections of the axes. Distinctive faces are more distant and isolated, which would explain why the latter are better recognized than the former. There are actually two versions of the model: the exemplar model (faces are represented independently of a norm) and the prototype model (faces are represented as deviations from a prototype).
Définition : Modèle développé par Tim Valentine et collaborateurs, décrivant la manière dont seraient stockés les visages en mémoire. Chaque visage est représenté par une valeur sur des dimensions décrivant différents aspects des visages (longueur du nez, élongation du visage...) Les visages typiques sont concentrés dans l'espace et plus proches du croisement des axes. Les visages distinctifs sont plus éloignés et isolés. Ceci expliquerait pourquoi les seconds sont mieux reconnus que les premiers. Il existe en fait deux versions du modèle : le modèle par exemplaires (les visages sont représentés indépendamment d'une norme) et le modèle par prototype (les visages sont représentés comme des déviations par rapport à un prototype).    
Broader term: computational model
Terme générique : modèle computationnel
Related terms: in-group/outgroup model, categorization-individuation model
Termes associés : modèle endogroupe/exogroupe, modèle de catégorisation-individualisation
Model of: own-race bias, face memory
Selected bibliography: Valentine, T., & Endo, M. (1992). Towards an exemplar model of face processing: The effects of race and distinctiveness. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 44(4), 671–703. https://doi.org/10.1080/14640749208401305 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Valentine, T., Lewis, M. B., & Hills, P. J. (2016). Face-space: A unifying concept in face recognition research. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69(10), 1996–2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2014.990392 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]
probabilistic topic model / modèle de topiques probabiliste
Synonyms: topic model, topic modeling
Synonymes : modèle thématique
Group: Informatics
Groupe : Informatique
Definition: "A generative probabilistic model that uses Bayesian inference to abstract the mental “topics” used to compose a set of documents." (Jones et al., 2015, p. 251).
Définition : « Modèle probabiliste génératif qui utilise l'inférence bayésienne pour abstraire les "thèmes" mentaux qui servent à composer un ensemble de documents. » (Jones et al., 2015, p. 251).
Broader term: distributional model
Terme générique : modèle distributionnel
Related terms: distributional hypothesis, latent semantic analysis, bayesian model
Termes associés : hypothèse distributionnelle, analyse sémantique latente, modèle bayésien
Model of: semantic memory, language
Selected bibliography: Blei, D. M. (2012). Probabilistic topic models. Communications of the ACM, 55(4), 77-84. https://doi.org/10.1145/2133806.2133826 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Griffiths, T. L., & Steyvers, M. (2004). Finding scientific topics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(suppl 1), 5228‑5235. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307752101 [Study type: empirical study / Access: open], Griffiths, T. L., Steyvers, M., & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2007). Topics in semantic representation. Psychological Review, 114(2), 211‑244. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.114.2.211 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Jones, M. N., Willits, J. A., & Dennis, S. (2015). Models of semantic memory. In J. R. Busemeyer, Z. Wang, J. T. Townsend, & A. Eidels (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of computational and mathematical psychology (p. 232‑254). Oxford University Press. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Kumar, A. A. (2020). Semantic memory : A review of methods, models, and current challenges. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01792-x [Study type: literature review / Access: open]
Confabulation Battery / Batterie de confabulation
Definition: "a tool specifically designed for evaluating the quantity and the quality of confabulations in different domains of memory and orientation and the ability to predict personal and impersonal future." (Dalla Barba et al., 2019, p. 1627).
Définition : « outil spécialement conçu pour évaluer la quantité et la qualité des confabulations dans différents domaines de la mémoire et de l'orientation, ainsi que la capacité à prédire l'avenir personnel et impersonnel. » (Dalla Barba et al., 2019, p. 1627).
Broader term: neuropsychological test
Terme générique : test neuropsychologique
Related terms: semantic prospection, episodic memory, semantic memory, Confabulation Screen, episodic future thought, amnestic syndrome, personal semantics, amnesia
Termes associés : pensée future sémantique, mémoire épisodique, mémoire sémantique, Dépistage des confabulations, pensée future épisodique, syndrome amnésique, sémantique personnelle, amnésie
Study method of: provoked confabulation, confabulation
Selected bibliography: Dalla Barba, G. (1993). Confabulation: Knowledge and recollective experience. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 10(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643299308253454 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Dalla Barba, G., Guerin, B., Brazzarola, M., Marangoni, S., Barbera, C., & La Corte, V. (2019). The confabulation battery: Instructions and international data from normal participants. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 29(10), 1625–1636. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2018.1436446 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed]
reminiscence / réminiscence
Definition: "Reminiscence refers to recalling past personal events and usually occurs in a relational context to communicate and share these memories." (Mezred et al., 2006, p. 3).
Définition : « la réminiscence renvoie à l’évocation de souvenirs d’événements personnels passés, et advient généralement dans un contexte relationnel en vue de communiquer et partager ces souvenirs » (Mezred et al., 2006, p. 3).
Broader term: retrieval
Terme générique : récupération
Related terms: life review, reminiscence therapy, autobiographical memory, recall task
Termes associés : rétrospective de vie, thérapie par réminiscence, mémoire autobiographique, tâche de rappel
Has study methods: Reminiscence Functions Scale
Commentaire : Nouveau concept
Selected bibliography: Butler, R. N. (1963). The life review: An interpretation of reminiscence in the aged. Psychiatry, 26(1), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1963.11023339 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Dempsey, L., Murphy, K., Cooney, A., Casey, D., O’Shea, E., Devane, D., Jordan, F., & Hunter, A. (2014). Reminiscence in dementia: A concept analysis. Dementia, 13(2), 176–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301212456277 [Study type: conceptual analysis / Access: closed], Ingersoll-Dayton, B., Kropf, N., Campbell, R., & Parker, M. (2019). A systematic review of dyadic approaches to reminiscence and life review among older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 23(9), 1074–1085. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2018.1555696 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Mezred, D., Petigenet, V., Fort, I., Blaison, C., & Gana, K. (2006). La réminiscence: Concept, fonctions et mesures. Adaptation française de la Reminiscence Functions Scale. Les Cahiers Internationaux de Psychologie Sociale, Numéro 71(3), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.3917/cips.071.0003 [Study type: empirical study / Access: open], Talbot-Mahmoudi, C. (2015). Concept de réminiscence: évolution et applications en pratique clinique auprès de sujets âgés et dans la maladie d’Alzheimer: Revue de neuropsychologie, Volume 7(2), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1684/nrp.2015.0343 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], Watt, L. M., & Wong, P. T. P. (1991). A taxonomy of reminiscence and therapeutic implications. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 16(1/2), 37–57. https://doi.org/10.1300/J083v16n01_04 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Westerhof, G. J., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2014). Celebrating fifty years of research and applications in reminiscence and life review: State of the art and new directions. Journal of Aging Studies, 29, 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2014.02.003 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]
alethism / aléthisme
Group: Human, Philosophy
Groupe : Homme, Philosophie
Definition: Theory in the philosophy of memory according to which successful remembering requires only an accurate representation of a past event, without an accurate representation of the past experience of that event (Sant'Anna, 2024).
Définition : Théorie en philosophie de la mémoire selon laquelle la remémoration réussie d’un souvenir ne nécessite que la représentation précise d’un événement du passé, sans une représentation précise de l’expérience passée de cet événement (Sant’Anna, 2024).
Broader term: theory
Terme générique : théorie
Related terms: observer point of view
Termes associés : point de vue d'observateur
Theory of: autobiographical memory, episodic memory
Commentaire : Nouveau concept
Selected bibliography: Michaelian, K., & Sant’Anna, A. (2022). From authenticism to alethism: Against McCarroll on observer memory. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 21(4), 835–856. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-021-09772-9 [Study type: conceptual analysis / Access: closed], Sant’Anna, A. (2024). Metacognition and the puzzle of alethic memory. Philosophy and the Mind Sciences, 5. https://doi.org/10.33735/phimisci.2024.9880 [Study type: conceptual analysis / Access: open]
discontinuism / discontinuisme
Synonymes : point de vue discontinuiste, position discontuiniste
Group: Human, Philosophy
Groupe : Homme, Philosophie
Definition: In the philosophy of memory, the view that remembering and imagining are two distinct phenomena.
Définition : En philosophie de la mémoire, point de vue selon lequel se souvenir et imaginer sont deux phénomènes distincts.
Broader term: theory
Terme générique : théorie
Related terms: continuism, mental imagery, causal theory of memory
Termes associés : continuisme, imagerie mentale, théorie causale de la mémoire
Theory of: mental time travel, episodic memory
Commentaire : Nouveau concept
Selected bibliography: De Brigard, F. (2017). Memory and imagination. In S. Bernecker & K. Michaelian (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of philosophy of memory (pp. 127–140). Routledge. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Debus, D. (2014). ‘Mental time travel’: Remembering the past, imagining the future, and the particularity of events. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 5(3), 333–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-014-0182-7 [Study type: conceptual analysis / Access: closed], Michaelian, K., Klein, S. B., & Szpunar, K. K. (2016). Seeing the future : Theoretical perspectives on future-oriented mental time travel. Oxford University Press. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Michaelian, K., Perrin, D., & Sant’Anna, A. (2020). Continuities and discontinuities between imagination and memory: The view from philosophy. In A. Abraham (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of the Imagination (pp. 293–310). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108580298.019 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Perrin, D. (2016). Asymmetries in subjective time. In K. Michaelian, S. B. Klein, & K. K. Szpunar (Eds.), Seeing the Future: Theoretical Perspectives on Future-Oriented Mental Time Travel (p. 0). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241537.003.0003 [Study type: conceptual analysis / Access: closed], Perrin, D., & Michaelian, K. (2017). Memory as mental time travel. In S. Bernecker & K. Michaelian (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of philosophy of memory (pp. 228–239). Routledge. [Study type: conceptual analysis / Access: closed], Robins, S. (2020). Defending discontinuism, naturally. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 11(2), 469–486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-020-00462-0 [Study type: conceptual analysis / Access: closed], Sant’Anna, A. (2021). Attitudes and the (dis)continuity between memory and imagination. Estudios de Filosofía, 64, Article 64. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.ef.n64a04 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], Sant’Anna, A. (2023). Is remembering constructive imagining? Synthese, 202(5), 141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04338-5 [Study type: conceptual analysis / Access: open]
continuism / continuisme
Synonymes : point de vue continuiste, position continuiste
Group: Human, Philosophy
Groupe : Homme, Philosophie
Definition: In the philosophy of memory, the view that there is no fundamental difference between remembering and imagining.
Définition : En philosophie de la mémoire, point de vue selon lequel il n’existe pas de différence fondamentale entre se souvenir et imaginer.
Broader term: theory
Terme générique : théorie
Related terms: discontinuism, mental imagery, simulation theory, episodic future thought
Termes associés : discontinuisme, imagerie mentale, théorie simulationniste, pensée future épisodique
Theory of: mental time travel
Commentaire : Nouveau concept
Selected bibliography: Addis, D. R. (2020). Mental time travel? A neurocognitive model of event simulation. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 11(2), 233–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-020-00470-0 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], De Brigard, F. (2014). Is memory for remembering? Recollection as a form of episodic hypothetical thinking. Synthese, 191(2), 155–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-013-0247-7 [Study type: conceptual analysis / Access: closed], De Brigard, F. (2017). Memory and imagination. In S. Bernecker & K. Michaelian (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of philosophy of memory (pp. 127–140). Routledge. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Langland-Hassan, P. (2022). Remembering, imagining, and memory traces: Toward a continuist causal theory. In A. Sant’Anna, C. J. McCarroll, & K. Michaelian (Eds.), Current Controversies in Philosophy of Memory (pp. 19–37). Routledge. [Study type: conceptual analysis / Access: closed], Michaelian, K., Klein, S. B., & Szpunar, K. K. (2016). Seeing the future : Theoretical perspectives on future-oriented mental time travel. Oxford University Press. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Michaelian, K., Perrin, D., & Sant’Anna, A. (2020). Continuities and discontinuities between imagination and memory: The view from philosophy. In A. Abraham (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of the Imagination (pp. 293–310). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108580298.019 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Sant’Anna, A. (2021). Attitudes and the (dis)continuity between memory and imagination. Estudios de Filosofía, 64, Article 64. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.ef.n64a04 [Study type: literature review / Access: open]
imagine/no-imagine paradigm / paradigme imaginer/ne pas imaginer
Group: Human, Psychology
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie
Definition: Adaptation of the think/not-think paradigm in which subjects are asked to imagine or not imagine future events, such as events associated with experiences of fear.
Définition : Adaptation du paradigme penser/ne pas penser dans laquelle les sujets doivent imaginer ou ne pas imaginer des événements futurs, comme des événements associés à des expériences de peur ou de crainte.
Broader term: objective study method of memory
Terme générique : méthode objective d'étude de la mémoire
Commentaire : Nouveau concept
Selected bibliography: Ashton, S. M., Benoit, R. G., & Quaedflieg, C. W. E. M. (2020). The impairing effect of acute stress on suppression-induced forgetting of future fears and its moderation by working memory capacity. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 120, 104790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104790 [Study type: empirical study / Access: open], Benoit, R. G., Davies, D. J., & Anderson, M. C. (2016). Reducing future fears by suppressing the brain mechanisms underlying episodic simulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(52), E8492–E8501. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606604114 [Study type: empirical study / Access: open], Mamat, Z., & Anderson, M. C. (2023). Improving mental health by training the suppression of unwanted thoughts. Science Advances, 9(38), eadh5292. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adh5292 [Study type: empirical study / Access: open], Ryckman, N. A., Addis, D. R., Latham, A. J., & Lambert, A. J. (2018). Forget about the future: Effects of thought suppression on memory for imaginary emotional episodes. Cognition & Emotion, 32(1), 200–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2016.1276049 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed]
retroactive memory enhancement / amélioration rétroactive du souvenir
Synonyms: RME
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human, Psychology
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme, Psychologie
Definition: A memory phenomenon observed when “the memory for a neutral event may be enhanced by a salient event that occurs after the encoding of this neutral event.” (Koevoet et Postma, 2024, p. 532).
Définition : Phénomène de la mémoire observé lorsque « la mémoire d'un événement neutre peut être améliorée par un événement saillant qui se produit après l'encodage de cet événement neutre. » (Koevoet et Postma, 2024, p. 532).
Broader term: memory phenomenon
Terme générique : phénomène de la mémoire
Related terms: episodic memory, retroactive enhancement effect
Termes associés : mémoire épisodique, effet d’amélioration rétroactive
Commentaire : Nouveau concept
Selected bibliography: Koevoet, D., & Postma, A. (2024). Is there selective retroactive memory enhancement in humans?: A meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 31(2), 531–540. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-023-02372-5 [Study type: meta-analysis / Access: open]
Dataset citations: Koevoet, D. (2023, October 6). Is There Selective Retroactive Memory Enhancement in Humans?: A Meta-Analysis. https://osf.io/87v9q
Trier Social Stress Test / Test de stress social de Trèves
Synonyms: TSST
Synonymes : TSST
Group: Human, Psychology
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie
Definition: Procedure for inducing a social stress in the laboratory and studying physiological and cognitive responses to that stress. Participants are asked to deliver a speech (simulating a job interview) and perform an arithmetic task in front of a cold, reserved audience.
Définition : Procédure pour induire, en laboratoire, un stress social et étudier les réponses physiologiques et cognitives à ce stress. Elle consiste à demander aux participants de prononcer un discours (simulation d’un entretien d’embauche) et de réaliser une tâche d’arithmétique devant un public se montrant froid et réservé.
Broader term: objective study method of memory
Terme générique : méthode objective d'étude de la mémoire
Related terms: episodic memory
Termes associés : mémoire épisodique
Study method of: stress, emotional memory
Commentaire : Nouveau concept
Selected bibliography: Freund, I. M., Peters, J., Kindt, M., & Visser, R. M. (2023). Emotional memory in the lab: Using the Trier Social Stress Test to induce a sensory-rich and personally meaningful episodic experience. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 148, 105971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105971 [Study type: empirical study / Access: open], Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K.-M., & Hellhammer, D. (1993). The ‘Trier Social Stress Test’ – a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Neuropsychobiology, 28, 76–81. https://doi.org/10.1159/000119004 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Wolf, O. T. (2019). Memories of and influenced by the Trier Social Stress Test. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 105, 98–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.031 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]