working memory / mémoire de travail
Synonyms: M-space
Synonymes : espace M
Group: Human, Psychology
Groupe : Homme, Psychologie
Definition: "Working memory is a cognitive system specifically dedicated to the temporary maintenance and processing of information necessary for the completion of goal-directed tasks controlled by the subject." (Barrouillet & Camos, 2022, p. 45).
Définition : « La mémoire de travail est un système cognitif spécifiquement dévolu au maintien temporaire et au traitement de l’information nécessaire à la réalisation de tâches orientées vers un but et contrôlées par le sujet. » (Barrouillet & Camos, 2022, p. 45).
Broader term: memory
Terme générique : mémoire
Narrower terms: executive loop, articulatory loop, topographical working memory, visuo-spatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, declarative working memory, orthographic working memory, inner scribe, central executive, activity-silent working memory, social working memory, phonological loop, transsaccadic memory, affective working memory, procedural working memory, gestural loop, goal maintenance, implicit working memory, phonological store, visual cache
Termes spécifiques : boucle exécutive, boucle articulatoire, mémoire de travail topographique, calepin visuo-spatial, tampon épisodique, mémoire de travail déclarative, mémoire de travail orthographique, scribe interne, administrateur central, mémoire de travail à activité silencieuse, mémoire de travail sociale, boucle phonologique, mémoire transsaccadique, mémoire de travail affective, mémoire de travail procédurale, boucle gestuelle, maintien du but, mémoire de travail implicite, registre phonologique, cache visuel
Related terms: dynamic coding, N2 posterior contralateral component, theta rhythm, cognitive load, simple chunking, attribute amnesia, chunking, time in-working-memory hypothesis, Go/No-Go task, short-term consolidation, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, Compensation Related Utilization of Neural Circuits Hypothesis, medial prefrontal cortex, memory binding, anterior cingulate cortex, alpha rhythm, working memory consolidation, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, hierarchical chunking, prefrontal cortex, McCabe effect, chunk, temporal tagging, part-list cuing effect, short-term memory, Hebb effect, semantic short-term memory, event segmentation, inhibitory control, beta rhythm, working memory training, contralateral delay activity, thalamus, posterior parietal cortex, gating process, cerebellum, long-term working memory, interference resolution, focus of attention, selective interference paradigm, working memory updating, fluid intelligence, verbal memory, memory-driven attentional capture, executive functions
Termes associés : codage dynamique, composante N2 postérieure controlatérale, rythme thêta, charge cognitive, processus de regroupement simple, amnésie d'attribut, tronçonnage, hypothèse du temps en mémoire de travail, tâche Go/No-Go, consolidation à court terme, cortex préfrontal ventrolatéral, hypothèse de l'utilisation compensatoire des circuits neuronaux, cortex préfrontal médian, liage mnésique, cortex cingulaire antérieur, rythme alpha, consolidation en mémoire de travail, cortex préfrontal dorsolatéral, processus de regroupement hiérarchique, cortex préfrontal, effet McCabe, tronçon, marquage temporel, effet d’indiçage partiel d’une liste, mémoire à court terme, effet Hebb, mémoire à court terme sémantique, segmentation en évènements, contrôle inhibiteur, rythme bêta, entraînement de la mémoire de travail, activité du délai controlatérale, thalamus, cortex pariétal postérieur, processus de portillonnage, cervelet, mémoire de travail à long terme, résolution de l'interférence, focus attentionnel, paradigme d’interférence sélective, mise à jour de la mémoire de travail, intelligence fluide, mémoire verbale, capture attentionnelle mnésique, fonctions exécutives
Component of: Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational, MNESIS model
Impaired in: mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease
Measured by: memory capacity, memory span
Has models: Baddeley's model, concentric model, embedded-processes model, SOB-CS model, Primacy model, sensory recruitment, time-based resource sharing model, interference model
Has theories: dynamic field theory
Has study methods: change detection paradigm, rotation letter task, backward digit span task, random generation task, movement span task, DemTect, alpha span task, probed recall task, reading span task, Working Memory Questionnaire, computation span task, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Corsi task, reference-back paradigm, magnetoencephalography, composite complex span, spatial span task, continuous reproduction task, Wechsler Memory Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, working memory period paradigm, complex span task, Walking Corsi Test, antisaccade task, spin the pots task, listening span task, self-ordered pointing test, counting span task, operation span task, letter number sequencing test, running span task, categorization working memory span task, verbal span task, recognition span task, dual task paradigm, symmetry span task, Trail Making Test, simple span task, reading-digit span task, nonword repetition task, phonemic verbal fluency test, span task, category probe task, forced choice recognition task, recall task, Stroop test, n-back task, delayed non-matching to sample task
Editorial note: The term "working memory" is polysemous. The definition proposed by Barrouillet & Camos (2022, p. 45) represents, according to the authors, the common conceptual core of several definitions. For alternative definitions of the term, see Cowan (2017), Adams et al. (2018), and Logie et al. (2021).
Note éditoriale : Le terme de mémoire de travail est polysémique. La définition de Barrouillet & Camos (2022, p. 45) représente, selon les auteurs, le noyau conceptuel commun de plusieurs définitions. Pour des définitions alternatives de la notion, voir Cowan (2017), Adams et al. (2018) et Logie et al. (2021).
Selected bibliography: Adams, E. J., Nguyen, A. T., & Cowan, N. (2018). Theories of working memory : Differences in definition, degree of modularity, role of attention, and purpose. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 49(3), 340‑355. https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_LSHSS-17-0114 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Aubin, G., Coyette, F., Pradat-Diehl, P., & Vallat-Azouvi, C. (Eds.). (2007). Neuropsychologie de la mémoire de travail. Solal. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. J. (1974). Working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 8, p. 47-89). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60452-1 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. J. (1974). Mémoire de travail. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 8, p. 47-89). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60452-1. Traduit dans : Nicolas, S., & Piolino, M. P. (2010). Anthologie de psychologie cognitive de la mémoire : Fonctionnalisme et structuralisme (pp. 107-146). De Boeck Supérieur. [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Baddeley, A.D. (1986). Working memory. Oxford University Press. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Baddeley, A. D. (2002). Is working memory still working? European Psychologist, 7(2), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1027//1016-9040.7.2.85 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Baddeley, A. D., Hitch, G. J., & Allen, R. J. (2019). From short-term store to multicomponent working memory: The role of the modal model. Memory & Cognition, 47(4), 575–588. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-018-0878-5 [Study type: empirical study / Access: open], Barrouillet, P., & Camos, V. (2014). Working memory: Loss and reconstruction. Psychology Press. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Barrouillet, P., & Camos, V. (2022). La mémoire de travail : Théories, développement et pathologies. Mardaga. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Chai, W. J., Abd Hamid, A. I., & Abdullah, J. M. (2018). Working memory from the psychological and neurosciences perspectives: A review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00401 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], Cowan, N. (2017). The many faces of working memory and short-term storage. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24(4), 1158‑1170. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-016-1191-6 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], Gaonac'h, D., Larigauderie, P. (2000). Mémoire et fonctionnement cognitif : la mémoire de travail. Armand Colin [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Gomez-Lavin, J. (2020). Working memory is not a natural kind and cannot explain central cognition. Review of Philosophy and Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-020-00507-4 [Study type: conceptual analysis / Access: closed], Logie, R., Camos, V., & Cowan, N. (Eds.). (2021). Working memory: The state of the science. Oxford University Press. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Ozimic, A. S. (2020). Working memory from the perspective of the multicomponent model and embedded-processes model. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 18(4), 516–524. https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.18.4.2 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], van den Berg, R., Awh, E., & Ma, W. J. (2014). Factorial comparison of working memory models. Psychological Review, 121(1), 124–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035234 ​ [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed]
Dataset citations: Oberauer, K. (2021, October 18). Benchmarks for Models of Short Term and Working Memory. https://osf.io/g49c6/