false memory / faux souvenir
Synonyms: false remembering, memory distortion, memory error, memory illusion, misremembering
Synonymes : distorsion de la mémoire, distorsion mnésique, erreur de la mémoire, erreur mnésique, illusion de la mémoire, illusion mnésique, pseudo-mémoire, pseudo-souvenir
Group: Nonhuman animal, Human, Psychology, Thematic grouping Memory and Law
Groupe : Animal non humain, Homme, Psychologie, Regroupement thématique Mémoire et justice
Definition: A broader term for an erroneous memory that a person holds to be true. A false memory can occur in two ways: either a false memory of an entire event that never happened, or a false memory that is a modification of a past event.
Définition : Terme général désignant un souvenir erroné qu'une personne tient pour vrai. Un faux souvenir peut se manifester de deux façons : il peut s'agir soit du faux souvenir d'un événement complet qui ne s'est jamais produit, soit du faux souvenir correspondant à des modifications d'un événement du passé.
Broader term: memory
Terme générique : mémoire
Narrower terms: spontaneous false memory, collective false memory, induced false memory
Termes spécifiques : faux souvenir spontané, faux souvenir collectif, faux souvenir induit
Related terms: retractor, eyewitness testimony, false autobiographical belief, false recognition, sensory reactivation hypothesis, source attribution error, reconstructive memory, false recall, memory-editing process, impoverished relational-encoding, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, imagination inflation effect, confabulation, recovered memory, commission error, false-persistence effect, theory of mind, late frontal effect, forced confabulation effect, phantom recollection, recall-to-reject process, distinctiveness heuristic, Memory Distrust Scale
Termes associés : rétracteur, témoignage oculaire, fausse croyance autobiographique, fausse reconnaissance, hypothèse de la réactivation sensorielle, erreur d'attribution de la source, mémoire reconstructive, faux rappel, processus de révision mnésique, encodage relationnel appauvri, cortex préfrontal dorsolatéral, effet d'inflation par imagination, confabulation, souvenir retrouvé, erreur de commission, effet de fausse persistance, théorie de l'esprit, effet frontal tardif, effet de confabulation forcée, recollection fantôme, processus de rappel pour rejeter, heuristique de distinctivité, Échelle de méfiance à l’égard des souvenirs
Has models: MINERVA 2
Has theories: associative-activation theory, fuzzy trace theory
Has study methods: misinformation paradigm, emotional false memory paradigm, blind implantation method, crashing memories paradigm, acquired equivalence paradigm, conjoint recall paradigm, category repetition paradigm ​, forced confabulation ​paradigm, false memory implantation paradigm, DRM paradigm, conjoint recognition paradigm, false feedback paradigm, rumor mongering ​paradigm
Selected bibliography: Bernstein, D., Scoboria, A., Desjarlais, L., & Soucie, K. (2018). “False memory” is a linguistic convenience. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 5(2), 161–179. https://doi.org/10.1037/cns0000148 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (2005). The science of false memory. Oxford University Press. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Brainerd, C. J., Bialer, D. M., & Chang, M. (2022). Fuzzy-trace theory and false memory : Meta-analysis of conjoint recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 48, 1680‑1697. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001040 [Study type: meta-analysis / Access: closed], Corson, Y., & Verrier, N. (2013). Les faux souvenirs. De Boeck. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], El Haj, M., Colombel, F., Kapogiannis, D., & Gallouj, K. (2020). False memory in Alzheimer’s disease. Behavioural Neurology, 2020, e5284504. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5284504 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], Flowe, H. D., & Schreiber Compo, N. (2021). The lack of robust evidence for the effects of alcohol on false memory. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 127, 332–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.029 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Griego, A. W., Datzman, J. N., Estrada, S. M., & Middlebrook, S. S. (2019). Suggestibility and false memories in relation to intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder: A meta‐analytic review. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 63(12), 1464–1474. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12668 [Study type: literature review / Access: free], Huff, M. J., Bodner, G. E., & Fawcett, J. M. (2015). Effects of distinctive encoding on correct and false memory: A meta-analytic review of costs and benefits and their origins in the DRM paradigm. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 22(2), 349‑365. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-014-0648-8 [Study type: meta-analysis / Access: open], Kaplan, R. L., Van Damme, I., Levine, L. J., & Loftus, E. F. (2016). Emotion and false memory. Emotion Review, 8(1), 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073915601228 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Kurkela, K. A., & Dennis, N. A. (2016). Event-related fMRI studies of false memory: An Activation Likelihood Estimation meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia, 81, 149–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.12.006 [Study type: meta-analysis / Access: closed], Mazerolle, M., Smith, A. M., Torrance, M., & Thomas, A. K. (2021). Understanding older adults’ memory distortion in the light of stereotype threat. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 628696. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.628696 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], McLachlan, E., Rai, S., Al-Shihabi, A., Huntley, J., Burgess, N., Howard, R., & Reeves, S. (2020). Neuroimaging correlates of false memory in ’Alzheimer’s disease: A preliminary systematic review. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 296, 111021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.111021 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Millin, P. M., & Riccio, D. C. (2019). False memory in nonhuman animals. Learning & Memory, 26(10), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.050054.119 [Study type: literature review / Access: free], Muschalla, B., & Schönborn, F. (2021). Induction of false beliefs and false memories in laboratory studies – A systematic review. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 28(5), 1194-1209. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2567 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], Nash, R. A., & Ost, J. (Eds.). (2017). False and distorted memories. Psychology Press. [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Newbury, C. R., & Monaghan, P. (2019). When does sleep affect veridical and false memory consolidation? A meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26(2), 387–400. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-018-1528-4 [Study type: meta-analysis / Access: open], Otgaar, H., Howe, M. L., Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (2019). Dealing with false memories in children and adults: Recommendations for the legal arena. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 6(1), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732218818584 [Study type: literature review / Access: free], Otgaar, H., Howe, M. L., & Patihis, L. (2022). What science tells us about false and repressed memories. Memory, 30(1), 16–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2020.1870699 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], Patihis, L., Frenda, S. J., & Loftus, E. F. (2018). False memory tasks do not reliably predict other false memories. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 5(2), 140–160. https://doi.org/10.1037/cns0000147 [Study type: empirical study / Access: closed], Wachendörfer, M. M., & Oeberst, A. (2023). Differences between true and false autobiographical memories. European Psychologist, 28(4), 247–264. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000513 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], Yu, J., Tao, Q., Zhang, R., Chan, C. C. H., & Lee, T. M. C. (2019). Can fMRI discriminate between deception and false memory? A meta-analytic comparison between deception and false memory studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 104, 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.027 [Study type: meta-analysis / Access: open]