Compensation Related Utilization of Neural Circuits Hypothesis / hypothèse de l'utilisation compensatoire des circuits neuronaux
Synonyms: CRUNCH
Synonymes : CRUNCH
Group: Human, Neuropsychology
Groupe : Homme, Neuropsychologie
Definition: "CRUNCH proposes that during task performance, as task difficulty (or load) increases, more cortical regions will be activated. Older adults reach their load capacity sooner than younger adults, so at easy and intermediate levels of task difficulty, they will recruit more neural resources than younger adults – the classic ‘compensation’ effect. At higher levels of load, the compensatory mechanism is no longer effective, leading to less activation and poorer performance in older vs. younger adults." (Jamadar, 2020, p. 2).
Définition : « CRUNCH propose que pendant l'exécution d'une tâche, plus la difficulté (ou la charge) de la tâche augmente, plus le nombre de régions corticales activées sera important. Les adultes plus âgés atteignent leur capacité de charge plus tôt que les jeunes adultes, de sorte qu'à des niveaux faciles et intermédiaires de difficulté de la tâche, ils recruteront davantage de ressources neuronales que les jeunes adultes - l'effet classique de "compensation". À des niveaux de charge plus élevés, le mécanisme de compensation n'est plus efficace, ce qui entraîne une activation moindre et des performances plus faibles chez les adultes plus âgés que chez les jeunes. » (Jamadar, 2020, p. 2).
Broader term: testable hypothesis
Terme générique : hypothèse testable
Related terms: cognitive load, working memory, scaffolding theory of cognition and aging, attention, prefrontal cortex
Termes associés : charge cognitive, mémoire de travail, théorie de l'échafaudage du vieillissement cognitif, attention, cortex préfrontal
Model of: memory aging, cognitive aging
Selected bibliography: Angel, L., & Isingrini, M. (2015). Le vieillissement neurocognitif : Entre pertes et compensation. L'Année Psychologique, Vol. 115(2), 289‑324. https://doi.org/10.4074/S0003503314000104 [Study type: literature review / Access: open], Haitas, N., Amiri, M., Wilson, M., Joanette, Y., & Steffener, J. (2021). Age-preserved semantic memory and the CRUNCH effect manifested as differential semantic control networks : An fMRI study. PLOS ONE, 16(6), e0249948. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249948 [Study type: empirical study / Access: open], Jamadar, S. D. (2020). The CRUNCH model does not account for load-dependent changes in visuospatial working memory in older adults. Neuropsychologia, 142, 107446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107446 [Study type: empirical study / Access: open], Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., & Cappell, K. A. (2008). Neurocognitive aging and the compensation hypothesis. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(3), 177‑182. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00570.x [Study type: literature review / Access: closed], Reuter-lorenz, P. A., & Mikels, J. A. (2006). The aging mind and brain : Implications of enduring plasticity for behavioral and cultural change. In P. B. Baltes, P. A. Reuter-Lorenz, & F. Rösler (Eds.), Lifespan Development and the Brain (pp. 255‑276). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511499722.014 [Study type: literature review / Access: closed]