516
LIFE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
The President had fallen forward.
Major Rathburn had received a
fearful wound in his arm.
The President was borne to a small house across the street.
Mrs.
Lincoln, dazed and wild with grief, followed, tenderly cared for by Miss
Harris.
Physicians and the members of the Cabinet were summoned.
All Washington was in com-
motion — thronging
the
streets,
learning
not
only
that the President had been
shot, but that another assas-
sin had gained
entrance
to
the house of Mr. Seward as
a messenger with
medicine
from his physician.
The as-
sassin had snaj)ped a pistol at
Mr.
Frederick
Seward, and
beaten him senseless with the
weapon
;
had
inflicted
sev-
eral wounds upon Mr. Sew-
ard with
a
knife, and
also
wounded two attendants.
Through
the
night
the
members
of
the
Cabinet,
physicians, and the weeping
family
watched the ebbing
tide of life.(')
A little past seven o'clock
in
the
morning
Abraham
Lincoln died, with inexpress-
ible peace upon his face.
" JSTow he belongs to the
ages," said Secretary Stanton,
breaking the silence.
Who was John WUkes Booth ?
What motive impelled him to com-
mit the crime ?
The
Confederate
G-overnment, in
its
desperation during
the
last
months of the war, had used pitiable and despicable means to postpone
approaching doom.
The Confederate agents in Canada had employed
William
L. McDonald to manufacture an
explosive compound
to
be
placed in hotels and steamships for their destruction.
On the evening
HOUSE IN WHICH ABRAHAM LINCOLN DIED.
THE CLOSING SCENE.
517
of November 5, 1864, while the people of New York were rejoicing over
the re-election
of President
lincoln, incendiary
fires were kindled
in
thirteen
places, which, however, were
(|Luclvly
extinguished.
Steam-
boats had been burned on the western rivers.
John Y. Beall, educated in the University of Virginia, owner of 100
slaves, captain in the Confederate Army, an accredited agent of the Con-
federacy, had been employed to wreck railroad trains.
When arrested
and brought to trial he took a commission from
his pocket, signed by
Jefferson Davis, to show that he was an officer in the Confederate serv-
ice, and ought not to be held accountable as a private individual for
throwing a 'railroad train from
its track and endangering the
lives of
innocent passengers.
He manifested no sorrow for what he had done.
While President Lincoln was having the interview with the Con-
federate commissioners at Fortress Monroe, Professor McCullough was
presenting to Senator Oldham, of Texas, a scheme which the Senator in
turn laid before Jefferson Davis.
It was a proposition to burn all the
shipping of the Northern States. (')
" We can burn," he wrote, " every transport that leaves the harbor
of New York or other Northern port with supplies for the armies of
the enemy, burn every transport and gunboat on the Mississippi River,
as well as devastate the country, and jQll the people with consternation."
Jefferson Davis did not thrust this letter into the" fire, but wrote the
following words
:
"Hon. W.
I. Oldham:
February 12, 1SG5.
"In relation to plans and means to burn the enemy's shipping, towns, etc., prepara^
tions are in the hands of Professor McCullough, and are known only to one party.
Ask
the President
to have an
interview with General Harris, formerlj^ of Missouri, on this
subject.
Secretary of War at his convenience please see General Harris, and learn what
plan he has for overcoming difficulties heretofore experienced.
J. D." (^)
Soon after the re-election of President Lincoln an advertisement ap-
peared in a newspaper published in Selma, Ala,, proposing to raise a
fund for the assassination of the President and Yice- president of the
United States.
A letter from Lieutenant Alston, proposing assassination, was turned
over
to
Mr. Seddon
b}^
Jefferson
Davis, bearing
this
indorsement:
" For attention." (')
Among those who were ready to engage
in desperate undertakings
for the benefit of the Confederacy was John Wilkes Booth, a dramatic
actor.
I saw him
frequently during the
war.
After John Brown
seized Harper's Ferry, Booth had assisted at
his capture.
He visited
518
LIFE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
Richmond, making
his way
secretly through
the
hnes.
He was
in
communication with Confederate agents in Canada.
He was twenty-
six
years old
;
his form was manly, his bearing that
of a gentleman.
In parlor and drawing-room he was ever an attractive figure.
He de-
lighted
in
tragic and
startling
scenes.
He had
tasted the wine
of
popular applause upon the stage, and delighted to be before the public.
Booth
did
not
imitate
those who
conspired
against
Caesar, and
select his associates in crime from those occupying high socia,l position,
but chose his accomplices from a gang of ruilians.
Among them was
Lewis Powell, often known as Lewis Payne.
He had served the Con-
federates as a spy.
George Atzeroth had frequently been in Richmond
with an invoice of goods contraband of war.
Daniel E. Harold had
been a student of pharmacy.
Spangler, Arnold, McLaughlin, and Dr.
Mudd were
lesser accomplices.
Their rendezvous was in a boarding-
house kept by Mary E. Surratt, whose son John was
also an accom-
plice. (')
Just when Booth made their acquaintance is not known.
By
his almost hypnotic power they became obedient to his imperious will.
During the four years
of the war President Lincoln had been de-
nounced as "usurper," "autocrat," "tyrant," "czar" in the newspapers
of the Peace Democracy.
This destroyer of the liberties of the South-
ern
people,
as Booth regarded
President
Lincoln, had
turned
loose
4,000,000 slaves, thus robbing the masters of their property.
The Ides
of March had brought humiliation to the Confederacy.
Why should
not
the world be rid of such a despot?
Booth had often exclaimed
upon the stage
:
"Shall Eome stand under one man's awe?
What Rome?
My ancestors did from the streets
of Rome
The Tarquin
drive, when he was
call'd a king.
' Speak, strike, redress
!'—^^.m I entreated
To speak and
strike ?
O Rome
!
I make thee promise.
If the redress will follow, thou
receiv'st
Thy full
petition
at the hand of Brutus
!"
Why should not John Wilkes Booth enact
in life what he had per-
formed upon the stage—avenge the South and make his name famous ?
It is not probable that he gave any thought as to what benefit or loss
might come to
the people
of the Southern
States by murdering the
President.
Revenge and vanity impelled him.
He determined to send
a bullet through the brain
of the "tyrant" who had conquered and
despoiled the South, w^ho had walked in triumph through the streets of
the capital of the Confederacy.
Passion and self-gratulation had taken
THE CLOSING SCENE.
521
possession
of hira.
Every
detail
of
preparation
and
execution was
thought
out.
He knew the President Avas to attend the theatre.
As
an actor he had been many times upon
its stage, and was acquainted
with
all
its passageways.
He visited the
building, examined the box
which would be occupied by the Presidential party, bored a hole
in
its
door through which he might look before entering to lire the fatal shot.
His forethought provided a wooden bar to be placed across another door
opening to the area behind the box.
By this means he could prevent
any interference with the execution of his plans.
That the world might
know his motives and applaud his act, he wrote a carefully prepared
statement, which he intrusted to a fellow-actor, Mr. Mathews, to be de-
livered to the " National Intelligencer " for publication.
He hired a fleet horse at a livery-stable, and rode the animal to ac-
custom himself to its gait.
His scheme contemplated the assassination
of President Lincoln, also Yice-president Johnson and Secretary Sew-
ard,
The last-named had been thrown from
his
carriage, and was
lying helpless upon his bed with a
fractured jaw and arm.
Harold
was detailed to murder the Vice-president, and Payne the Secretary of
State.
The box in which the President and his party were sitting had been
decorated with the Stars and Stripes.
It was ten o'clock, and the curtain
had risen upon the second scene of the last act.
At that moment Booth
dismounted from his horse in the alley at the rear of the theatre.
He
gave the reins to a boy, passed into the restaurant, and drank a glass of
brandy.
He then entered the front of the theatre, and reached the door
opening to the area behind the President's box.
He was weU known
to the employes, and was admitted by the attendant.
He placed the
wooden bar across the door, stepped to the box door, peeped through
the hole which he had bored and saw the position of the President, drew
his revolver and knife, and softly entered.
He held the pistol near the
President's head, fired, and leaped forward.
Major Eathburn sprang to
seize him.
Booth struck at
his
throat with the knife.
Pathburn. in
parrying the stroke, received a w^ound in the arm.
In leaping upon the
stage a spur on one of Booth's feet caught
in the folds of the
flag he
hated, and he fell headlong. A bone of one leg was broken
;
but he rose,
uttered
his triumphant
shout, ran
across the
stage, gained
the
alley,
sprang upon his horse, and disappeared.
There
is poetic justice in the thought that the flag of the republic
should be the means of bringing swift retribution to the murderer and
his accomplices.
Had
it
not been
for the fracture of one
limb,
it
is
522
LIFE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
MRS. STJKRATT S HOUSE.
[From a photograph taken
in 1865.]
altogether probable that before sunrise he would have been on the Yir-
ginia side of the Potomac, and before the week ended so far away that
he would have, for a time at least, escaped capture.
A little past ten o'clock a sentinel stationed at the navy-yard bridge
crossing the Eastern Branch of the Potomac saw a man on horseback
rapidly approaching.
" I live out here in Charles County, and have been waiting for the
moon to rise," said the horseman.
The sentinel allowed him to pass,
and he rode swiftly on.
Another man on horseback came.
He also said that he lived in
Charles County and was going home, and was permitted to cross.
THE CLOSING SCENE.
523
A third horseman arrived.
" That fellow ahead of me has stolen my horse," he said.
" I can't allow you to pass," the sentinel replied.
Ko explanation
or entreaty availed.
The
first who had crossed the bridge was Booth, and the
second
Harold, who was acting as his assistant.
It
was
midnight, and
the moon
two
hours
above
the
horizon,
when Booth and Harold rode up to a tavern owned by Mrs. Suri-att, in
the village of
Surrattsville.
The landlord, Mr. Lloyd, knew that some
desperate undertaking had been planned.
Harold leaped from his horse
and entered the tavern.
" We have killed the President.
Let mo have
the things," he
said.
The landlord made no reply, but handed him a
bottle of whiskey, a field-glass, and two guns.
Booth could not take a
gun.
He was suffering terrible pain.
They rode
to the house of Dr.
Mudd.
Booth was well acquainted with him.
Though living in Mary-
land, Dr. Mudd had ever sympathized with the South.
He lifted Booth
from his saddle to a bed, and set the fractured limb.
Through the fol-
lowing day the murderer and his accomplice rested.
When night came
they left Surrattsville and rode to Port Tobacco.
Thomas Jones
shel-
tered them — not
in his own house, but
in
a
thicket— giving them
food, and waiting for an opportunity to ferry them to the Virginia shore.
Booth had been recognized by a number of persons when he leaped
upon the stage of the theatre.
The police very soon learned that he
had frequented Mrs. Surratt's house.
The sentinel at the bridge had
a stor}^ to tell of two horsemen making their way to Charles County.
Detectives were quickly on
their track.
The assassin Pajme, who
at-
tempted the life of Secretary Seward, and who had wounded Mr. Fred-
erick Seward and the attendants, had left behind a blood-stained knife,
a broken revolver, and his hat.
He did not ride to Charles County to
join the chief conspirator, but made his way
to a piece of woods.
If
he had matured a plan to escape,
it was abandoned.
For two days he
remained in hiding.
He could think of no better course to pursue than
to return to the house of Mrs. Surratt, where the conspirators had been
at home
in maturing their plans.
It was nearly midnight when
the
officers who had taken possession of Mrs. Surratt's house heard a knock-
ing at the door.
It was opened by Major Smith, who saw a man wear-
ing a cap made from a portion of his coat-sleeve.
He had a pick upon
his shoulder.
" Who are you ?
What do you want f' asked the oflBcer.
" I have come to dig a drain for Mrs. Surratt," said the man.
524
LIFE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
" Have you engaged this man to dig a drain for you ?" the question
put to Mrs. Surratt.
"Before God, I do not know him—never saw him before.
I have
not
hired him," Mrs. Surratt
replied, lifting her
right hand
that the
officer might know she was swearing a solemn oath.
Little did she mis-
trust that her words and acts w^ould lead to
the
conviction of
both
herself and Payne as conspirators in the terrible crime.
The military authorities had
little
difficulty
in getting upon the
track of Booth and Harold.
The trail began at the bridge across the
Eastern Branch.
The besotted tavern - keeper of
Surrattsville, fearing
he
might
be
implicated,
voluntarily came
and
told
all
he
knew.
The
trail led to Port Tobacco.
Soldiers were
searching houses and
scouring the woods.
Gunboats were passing up and down the Poto-
mac.
Several times Jones had attempted to ferry them to the Yirginia
shore
in
the
night and had turned
back, but
at
last succeeded.
In
Maryland, Booth found those who gave hearty
hospitality.
He was
greatly disappointed at not receiving a like welcome across the Poto-
mac.
He had struck the blow to avenge the South, and was chagrined
and angered by the coldness of his reception.
[0. Dark corridor leading from the dress-circle to box.—H. Entrance to corridor.—I. The har used by Booth
to prevent entrance from without.—J.
Dress-circle.— K. The parquette.—L. The foot-lights.—M. The
stage.—F. Open door to the President's box.—G.
Closed door.—N.
Place where Booth vaulted over to
the stage below.]
DIAGRAM OF THE BOX OCCtTPIED BY PRESIDENT LINCOLN.
THE CLOSING SCENE.
525
Booth made this entiy in
liis diary:
" FHday, April 21.—After being hunted like a dog through swamps and woods, and
last night chased by gunboats
till
I was forced
to return, wet, cold, and starving, with
every man's hand against mc, I am here in despair
!
And why ?
For doing what Brutus
was honored for—what made Tell a hero. ... I struclc for my country and that alone—
a
country ground beneath his tyranny.
And yet now behold the cold hand they extend
to me."
From those v^ho gave him food he obtained newspapers, and learned
that his fellow-actor, Mathews, had burned the article \vhich had been
ford's theatre, as draped after the president's death.
[From
;i photograph taken at the time.]
intended
for
publication.
So, then, the world would never read
his
vindication of himself.
During the days while hiding in the thickets,
his ear open to every sound, his intellect alert, conscience arraigned him.
He stood before the Great White Throne, the Judgment -seat of
the
Universe.
"I am abandoned, with the curse of Cain upon me," the entry in his
diary.
Vanity put in its specious plea for self-justification.
" If the world knew my heart, that one blow would make me great,"
he wrote.
By no such pleading could he
set aside the universal verdict that
526
LIFE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
instead of crushing a "tyrant" lie had murdered a lenient friend.
In-
stead of his name upon the
scroll of fame, he was to be ranked with
Cain and Judas and the outcasts of all time—accursed of God and man.
Booth and Harold made their way from place to place, finding shelter
at last in the barn of Mr. Garrett, near Bowling Green, on the Rappa-
hannock.
At midnight a company of soldiers surrounded the
^1865^^'
building.
When
called
upon
to
surrender Harold
complied;
Booth refused, and the barn was
set on
fire.
The flames
re-
vealed his position to Sergeant Corbett, who sent a bullet through the
assassin's brain.
The final scene of the tragedy was in the yard of the
Old Capitol Prison
^—^the
execution
of Payne, Harold, Atzerodt, and
Mrs. Surratt.
Arnold, McLaughlin, Dr. Mudd, and
lesser
accomplices
were imprisoned
at Key West.
Quick had been Nemesis.
John H.
Surratt alone escaped.
He went to Canada, from thence to Europe,
enlisted as a soldier in the service of the Pope, deserted, and
fled to
Egypt.
Yigilant eyes followed him.
He was arrested, brought to the
United States, and tried
; but the jury disagreed.
It was suspected, but could
not
be
definitely proven, that
Jacob
Thompson, in Canada, agent of the Confederacy, supplied Booth with
money.
Ileither could it be certainly demonstrated that Jefferson Davis
or Secretary Benjamin were acquainted with or gave countenance to
Booth's
intentions.
But
the
historic facts will ever remain that the
assassination of Abraham Lincoln was contemplated before his first in-
auguration
; that
it was never lost sight of during the war by persons
hostile to him
; that he received many letters containing threats against
his
life.
It was no sudden impulse on the part of Booth, but a crime
deliberately planned and executed.
NOTES TO CHAPTEE
XXVIII.
(') The persons present at the death of President Lincoln were Mrs. Lincoln, Eobert
Lincoln, Secretaries Stanton, Welles, McCulloiigh, Usher, Deuuison, and Speed
; Generals
Halleck, Meigs, Farnsworth, Auger, and Todd
; Senator Sumner, Rev. Mr. Gurley, Schuyler
Colfax, Governor Farwell, Judges Cartter and Otto, Surgeon-general Barnes, Drs. Stone,
Crane, and Teale
; Major John Hay, and Maunsell B. Field.
(*) Jacob Thompson to Secretary Benjamin.
Letter dated at Toronto, C. W., Decem-
ber 8, 1864.
Unpublished Confederate Archives.
(^) Senator W. I. Oldham to Jefferson Davis, February 11, 1865.
Unpublished Con-
federate Archives.
(*) Pitman, "Report of Conspiracy Trials," p. 51.
( * ) Mrs. Surratt resided at 541 H Street.
She also owned an estate at Surrattsville,
on the road leading to Port Tobacco.
APOTHEOSIS.
527
CHAPTER XXIX.
APOTHEOSIS.
THE world stood aghast at the tragic death of Abraham Lincoln.
Church
bells
tolled,
business ceased, workmen
left their occupa-
tions.
The marts of trade were deserted.
Strong men were overcome
by their emotions.
Rulers had been
assassinated in other lands, but
never before in the l^ew World.
Easter Sunday dawned upon a people stricken with grief.
The day
April 16, was not given to joy and gladness commemorating the rising of
I860.
^Y-]_Q world's Redeemer from the tomb,
but to lamentations for
the martyred redeemer of the republic.
Everywhere the great sorrow of the people was manifested by em-
blems of mourning.
There was touching pathos in the attempts of the
poorest to express their grief by draping their homes.
A regiment of colored soldiers, freed from slaver}^ and made citizens
by the Emancipation Proclamation, formed
the escort of the funeral
procession from the White House to the church where Mr. Lincoln had
worshipped, and from thence, after appropriate rehgious service, to the
Capitol.
In its rotunda thousands looked once more upon the peaceful
face.
Illinois claimed that the last resting-place of her greatest citizen
should be at
Springfield.
The route thither was the one travelled by
Mr. Lincoln on
his journey to Washington when about to assume the
duties of the Presidential office.
Generals of the Arm}^, admirals of the
Navy, deputations
from
the
Senate
and
House
of
Representatives
formed a guard of honor.
Far
different the
reception
in Baltimore
from
that
of 1861.
Then, conspirators planning
his death; now, the
highest possible honor.
The State of Pennsylvania
officially expressed
its bereavement in
the Capitol
at Harrisburg.
At Philadelphia, Mr. Lincoln had said in
Independence Hall he would rather be assassinated than surrender the
principles embodied
in the Declaration of
Inde])endence.
Speechless
now his lips, yet never before had they been so eloquent.
Then, uucer-
528
LIFE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
tainty
; now, the country saved.
Then, readiness to give his life
; now.
the life given.
In ]^ew York half a million people gazed upon the inanimate form.
In the Capitol at Albany, at Syracuse, Rochester, and Buffalo thousands
manifested their sorrow.
People congregated at intermediate towns to
catch a glimpse of the passing
train.
No
edifice at Cleveland could
contain the multitude.
The States of Ohio and Indiana rendered hom-
age to the
greatness of Abraham Lincoln
in the Capitols at Colum-
bus and Indianapolis.
At Chicago a countless throng passed through
the corridors of the Court - iiouse, where his body lay in state.
In the
Oapitol at Springfield
his old friends and acquaintances beheld in the
benignity
of his countenance the
benediction, " With
malice
toward
none, with charity for all."
At last the coffin-lid Avas closed.
Simple the ceremonies at the tomb
May 14, in Oak Ridge Cemetery
: a hymn, a prayer, a brief address, and
^^^^-
the reading of the second inaugural of the departed President.
'No words could be more appropriate.
All the world laid wreaths upon the bier of Abraham Lincoln—sov-
ereign and subject, crowned and uncrowned, emperor, king,
czar, sul-
tan, pasha
; monarchy, republic, commonwealth, city, and town
; people
of every race and
clime.
No
other ruler ever had such
apotheosis.
Statesman, orator, journalist, and poet came with their immortelles.
Through the war the aristocracy of England and the mercantile in-
terests of that
country,
for commercial
gain, sided with
the South
;
but lords and commoners, rising in
their seats, expressed their horror
at the crime, and gave condolence to the republic.
" If any one was able to relieve the pain and animosities which pre-
vailed it was Abraham Lincoln," the words of Lord John Russell.
" In the character of this victim," said Disraeli, " in the accessories
of his last moments, there
is something so homely and innocent that
it
takes the question out of all the pomp of history and the ceremonial of
diplomacy
;
it touches the heart of nations and appeals to the domestic
sentiment of mankind."
From the outbreak of the Rebellion the sympathies of the working-
men of England had been with the North. When the throbbing engines
of the Lancashire manufacturers became motionless for want of cotton,
when half a million men and women were seeking employment, when
hunger was keenest and children crying for bread, they prayed for the
success of the North.
By a heaven-born instinct they comprehended
that the men upholding the flag of the Union were fighting a battle for
APOTHEOSIS.
529
MONUMENT TO ABRAHAM LINCOLN,
0.\Jf RIDGE CEMETERY, SPRINGFIELD, ILL.
[From a photograph taken by the author in 1890.]
all the world.
The working-men of London sent these words to the
people of the United States
:
" Abraham Lincoln has endeared himself to
his country and man-
kind, especially to the toiling millions of the civilized world.
The
loss
of such a man
is ours as well as yours.
He is enshrined in the hearts
530
LIFE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
of the laborers of all countries as one of the few uncrowned monarchs
of the world."
'• A man," reads the tribute of the Working-men's International As-
sociation, "neither to be browbeaten by adversity nor intoxicated by
success, slowly maturing his steps, never retracing them
; carried away
by no surge
of popular favor, disheartened by no slacking of the popu-
lar pulse
; illuminating scenes dark with passion by the smile of hamor
;
doing his Titanic work as humbly and truly as heaven-born rulers do
little things
; who succeeded
in becoming great without ceasing to be
good.
The world only discovered him a hero
after he had
fallen a
martyr."
Robert Leighton, poet, wrote
:
"Rest
to the uncrowned king, who, toiling, brought
His bleeding country through a dreadful reign
;
Who, living, earned a world's revering thought,
And dying, leaves
his name without a stain."
Said the " Bradford Eeview :"
" The great, pure, single-hearted man,
who, with
unequalled moral courage and
absolute
perseverance, had
steered the vessel of State through such a time
of
trial as the world
never before witnessed."
" "We doubt," said the " Dublin Freemen's Journal," " whether mod-
ern history contains a grander character than
the humble lawyer of
Illinois.
His public virtues shone as brightly as his private worth, and
both made him the best beloved man in the United States."
"ITistor}^,"
said the "London Daily News,"
"will respect him
as
actuated by an abiding sense of duty, as striving to be faithful in his
service of God and
of man, as possessed with deep moral earnestness,
and as endowed with vigorous common -sense and faculty for dealing
with affairs."
Said the " London Star :"
" With a firm faith in his God, his country,
and his principles of freedom for all men, whatever their color and con-
dition, he has stood unmoved amid the shock of armies and the clamors
of factions.
He quailed not when defeat in the field seemed to herald
the triumph of the foe.
Lie boasted not of victor}^, nor sought to arro-
gate to himself the honors of the great deeds which have resounded
through the Avorld
;
but, gentle and modest as he was great and good,
he took the chaplet from his own brow to place
it on the lowly graves
of tlie soldiers, whose blood has been so liberally poured forth to conse-
crate the soil of America to freedom.
He dies and makes no sign, but
the impress of his noble character and aims will be borne b}^ his country
APOTHEOSIS.
5;>1
while time endures.
He dies, but
his country
lives;
IVccdoiii
has
ti-i-
umphed
; the broken chuins at the feet of the slaves are the mute wit-
nesses of his victory."
Graceful the tribute of England's jester,
'' London Punch :"
"You
la}'
a wreath on imirckTcd
Jjincolirs
bier,
You, who with
nioclcing
pencil wont
to
trace,
Broad for the self-complacent
British
sneer,
His length of shambling limb, his furrowed
face,
"His gaunt, gnarled hands, his unkempt, bristling hair,
His garb uncouth, his bearing
ill
at ease.
His lack of
all we prize as debonair.
Of power or
will to shine, of art
to please;
"You, whose smart pen backed up the
pencil's laugh,
Judging each step
as though the way were plain
;
Reckless, so
it could point
its paragraph,
Of chief's
perplexities or people's pain;
"Beside
this
corse, that bears for winding sheet
The
Stars and
Stripes he lived
to
rear anew.
Between the mourners
at his head and
feet,
Saj', scurrile
jester, is
there room for you?
"Yes;
he had lived
to shame me from my sneer,
To lame my pencil, and confute my pen
;
To make me own
this hind of princes
peer.
This
rail-splitter true-born king of men.
"My shallow judgment
I had learned
to rue.
Noting how
to occasion's height he rose
;
How his quaint wit made home-trutli seem more
true;
How, iron-like, his temper grew by blows;
"How humble
j'et how hopeful he could
be;
How, in good -fortune and
in
ill, the same;
Nor
bitter iu
success, nor boastful
he.
Thirsty
for gohl, nor feverish
for fame.
" He went about
his work—such work as few
Ever had
laid on
liead and heart and hand
As one who knows, where
there's a task to do,
Man's honest will must Heaven's good
grace conunand
:
"The Old "World and
the New. from sea
to
sea.
Utter one voice of sympathy and shame
;
Sore heart, so stopped when
it
at
last beat high
;
Sad
life, cut short just as
its triumph came!"
532
LIFE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
"He conquered," said the "Paris Epoque," "without ever departing-
from republican forms, without one single infraction of the laws of hia
country. When every temptation was offered him, when certain violent
measures were demanded by the situation, he
still thought he could do-
without them.
He took his stand upon legality, and never lent himself
to an exceptional or arbitrary act.
He was the living law."
Said Leopold
Gaillard
:
" ISTo funeral oration can attain to the sim-
ple and religious eloquence of the second inaugural, which will remain
as the political bequest of Abraham Lincoln.
He enters into that body
of the elite of the
historic army which M. Guizot once called the bat-
talion of Plutarch."
" He was an honest man, giving the word its
full meaning," wrote-
Prevost Paradol.
" The idea of doing more or anything else than his
duty never entered his plain, upright mind.
He has not lived alone for-
his country, since he leaves to every one in the world to whom liberty
and justice are dear a great remembrance and a pure example."
" Death has revealed to all eyes," said the " Revue des Deux Mondes,"
" the worth of this honest man.
Opinion has done Mr. Lincoln Avrong
while
living.
It
is now making solemn
efforts to repair that wrong
when he is no more."
"Abraham Lincoln,"
said Emilio
Castelar
in
the Spanish
Cortes,.
" was the humblest of the humble before his own conscience, the great-
est of the great before history."
From the people
of England, the peasantry
of France, Germany,.
Italy, and all European countries, from the republics of South America,
from India and China, came heartfelt
tributes.
In the chalets
of the
Alps,
in the peasant homes along
the Danube, and on the vine -clad
banks of the Rhine, the portrait most frequently seen was that of Abra-
ham Lincoln.
Throughout the United States, pulpit and platform voiced
the universal
grief.
Those who had denounced him as " tyrant " and
" usurper " bowed their heads in shame as all people laid unfading flow-
ers on his bier.
In
the world's
valhalla
are
the
statues
of
those who have done
great things for their fellow-men.
Pericles, builder of the Parthenon,
was willing to pay for its construction
if but his name alone could be
sculptured upon the enduring marble.
Abraham
Lincoln's Parthenon
was
his
country,
Not
his own name, but the
Constitution and the
Union was the only legend he desired to see inscribed upon the edifice.
Cincinnatus—patrician, dictator—though holding the plough and using^
the spade on his glebe, had little in common with the people.
Abra-
APOTHEOSIS.
533
ham Lincoln—boatman, ploughman, President—gave his sympathies to
ill! men, irrespective of race or condition.
AVhere
shall
be found his
compeer
in the battalion of the Christian gysl'.
Not Alfred the Great,
nor Richard the Lion-hearted—none of England's kings
; neither Marl-
borough, Cromwell, nor Wellington
; not Frederick the Great of Ger-
many
; neither
Gustavus Adolphus, AVilliam the Silent, Henry of Xa-
STATUE BY
ST. GAUDENS, LINCOLN PAUK, cniCAGO.
534
LIFE OF ABRxlHAM LINCOLN.
varre, Napoleon Bonaparte, nor George Washington.
K'ot with these
may Abraliam Lincoln be compared.
IS'ature gave not to them as to
him such ability to foresee, provide, and execute, such quality of states-
manship and manhood,
such combination of
greatness and goodness.
To none of them has been given such aiJectionate remembrance as to
him.
Washington will ever be the father, Lincoln the
savior, of our
country.
The inspiration of his life was the song of the heavenlj^ host
to the shepherds of Bethlehem, " Peace on earth, good-will to man."
The millions whom Abraham Lincoln delivered from slavery will
ever liken him to Moses, the deliverer of Israel.
Only in part are they
to be compared.
Humble alike their birth, but the childhood of one
was passed in the luxurious court of Pharaoh, that of the other amid
the poverty of a frontier cabin.
The learned of Egypt's realm revealed
the wisdom of the ages to the youthful Hebrew
; itinerant teachers im-
parted limited instruction to the boy of the rustic school.
Moses be-
comes a shepherd
; Abraham Lincoln swings an axe.
One meditates
on lofty themes in the solitude of Sinai
; the other on the banks of the
Sangamon.
One discovers God
in the mystery
of
the burning bush
at Horeb
; to the other, in a restful retreat, comes the uplifting revela-
tion that God
is
his
Father, and
all men his brothers.
Moses gives
just and righteous laws to Israel, Abraham Lincoln a new charter of
liberty to his country.
Both lead
then' fellow -men out of
bondage,,
both behold the promised land of a nation's larger
life, but neither
is.
privileged to enter it.
Says James Eussell Lowell of Abraham Lincoln
:
" Nature, they say, doth
dote.
And cannot make a man
Save on some worn-out plan,
Repeating us by rote
:
For him her Old-World moulds aside she threw,
And, choosing sweet clay from the breast
Of the unexhausted West,
With stuff untainted shaped a hero new.
Wise, steadfast in the strength of God, and
true.
Great captains, with their guns and drums
Disturb our judgment for the hour,
But
at
last silence comes
;
These are
all gone, and, standing
like a tower,
Our children
shall behold his fame,
The kindly, earnest, brave, far-seeing man,
Sagacious, patient, dreading praise, not blame,
New birth of our new
soil, the
first American."
Ar()Tm:osis.
535
I attempt no estimate of the character of Abn'hain Lincohi.
T am
too near him in time.
There must be the perspective of many years
before his goodness, his greatness, and his influence upon the world can
be justly and fully comprehended.
Analysis, eulogy, and comparison
thus far have
failed to portray the true lineaments of this matchless
man.
Like the snow-clad summit of the loftiest mountain, gleaming in
its distinctive grandeur, shall he shine with stainless whiteness and eter-
nal glory
!
INDEX.
Anderson, Robert, Lieutenant, 70, 210, 242, 248,
263,512.
Andrew, John A., Governor, 251, 325.
Andrews, E. W., General, 462.
Anecdotes
:
Helps Katy
Robj'
in
spelling, 37
;
wrestling-match, 64
;
settles with
Post-office
Department, 95
; defends Edward D. Baker, 99
;
law case about a colt, 103
; about pension mon-
ey, 104;
against liquor-seller, 197;
Mr. Cass's
oxen, 108
; journey to Washington, 131
; com-
pares
height
with
countryman, 201
;
writing
his
autograph, 208
;
Grace
Bedell, 208, 220
;
celebration by colored Sunday-schools, 321;
reads " Outrage
at
Utica," 342
; asked
to
re-
lieve Grant, 367
;
impressions
as
to
result of
battle of Gettysburg, 379
; " Sykes's dog," 386
;
reprieve
of
Mr. Luckett, 388
;
fondness
for
Shakespeare, 399
;
Ivindness
of
heart, 401
;
opinion
of
Grant, 403
;
Farmer
Case, 482
;
Brother Jones and the powder, 490.
Armstrong, Hannah, 81, 162.
Armstrong, Jack, 64.
Arnold, Isaac X., 392, 409.
Ashley, James M., 412.
Ashman, George, 190, 515.
Atchison, David R., 139, 151.
Atzeroth, George, 518.
Averill, General, 359.
Bacon, Leonard, Rev., 444.
Baker, Edward Dickinson, 99, 128, 279.
Banks, Nathaniel
P., General, 251, 272, 322, 347,
381.
Barnard, William, 324.
Bateman, Mr., 207.
Bates, Edward, Attorney -general,
240, 246, 262,
271,338,402.
Battery:
Sherman's, 258
;
Mott's, 317;
Calef's,
378.
Beall, John Y., 517.
Beauregard, P. G. T., General, 248, 207, 312.
Beecher, Henry Ward, Rev., 512.
Bell, John, 187.
Belmont, August, 439.
Benjamin, Judah, 283, 485.
Bird, Mr., 366.
Birney, James G., 91.
Black, Mr., Attorney-general, 211.
Blackburn, Luke, Dr., 260.
Blair, Francis P., 262, 476, 484.
Blair, Montgomery, Postmaster-general, 240, 246,
330, 345, 426.
Blenker, General, 307.
Boone, Daniel, 7.
Boone, George, 6.
Booth, John Wilkes, 515.
Boutwell, Mr., 390.
Bragg, Braxton, General, 383.
Branlette, Governor, 403.
Breckinridge, John
C, 203, 222, 279, 282, 497,
503.
Breckinridge, Robert J., Rev., 413.
Breshwood, Captain, 215.
Brooks, Colonel, 354.
Brooks, Mr., 365.
Brough, John, 383.
Brown, Governor, 212, 477.
Brown, Jolin, 158, 173.
Buchanan, George, Dr., 53.
Buchanan, James, 151, 157, 236.
Buckingham, William A., 325.
Bucknor, Simon B., General, 260.
Buell, General, 290, 312.
Buford, General, 378.
Bullitt, Mr., 334.
Burns, John, 385.
Burnsidc, Ambrose
E., General,
350,
353,
358,
361, 369, 404.
Butler, Benjamin
F., General, 184, 251, 258, 265,
270, 286, 312, 333, 390. 392.
538
INDEX.
Calhotjn, John C, 81, 157.
Cameron, Secretary, 240, 246, 295.
Campbell, John
A., Judge, 242,
47*7,
484,
506,
509.
Carpenter, F. B., 399.
Case, Mr., 423.
Cass, Lewis, 211.
Chase, Salmon
P., Secretary, 240, 246, 293, 313,
319, 330, 338, 345, 356, 392, 416, 470.
Chandler, Zachariah, 420.
Chittenden, L. E., 221, 231, 405.
Clay, Clement C, 415, 428.
Clay, Henry, 124, 260.
Colfax, Schuyler, 513.
CoUamer, Senator, 356.
Comstock, Judge, 442.
Conway, Moncure, 366.
Crandall, Prudence, 90.
Crawford, Martin J., 242.
Crook, General, 492.
Curtin, Andrew G., 229, 325.
Curtis, Judge, 153.
Daxa, Charles A., 442, 467.
Davis, David, 219, 227.
Davis, Henry Winter, 379, 420, 430, 464.
Davis, Jefferson, 140;
elected President of the
Confederacy, 217
;
sends an order to General
Beauregard, 248
;
telegram to Governor Letch-
er, 256
; conference with Messrs. Gilmore and
Jacques, 434;
confers
with
Francis
P. Blair,
476
; addresses a public meeting at Richmond,
484.
Defrees, Mr., 274.
Dennison, William, 325.
Discovery of Gold in California, 134.
Dix, Dorothy, Miss, 224.
Dix, John A., General, 212, 215, 322.
Dodge, William E., 235.
Douglass, Frederick, 457.
'
Douglas, Stephen
A., 82, 97, 136, 139, 144, 152,
157, 166,202,239,251, 266.
Dupont, Admiral, 283.
Early, Jubal A., 423, 445.
Eckert, Mr., 467, 478.
Edwards, Ninian, 109.
Elkins, David, Rev., 23, 28.
Ellsworth, Colonel, 258.
Emory, General, 425.
English, 473.
Ericsson, Captain, 264, 303.
Evans, Cadwallader,
6.
Everett, Edward, 187, 383.
Ewell, General, 374, 378, 497.
Farragut, Admiral, 312.
Felton, Samuel M., 224.
Fenton, Reuben E., 432.
Fessenden, William P., 280, 356, 418, 470.
Floyd, John B., 210.
Foote, Commodore, 298.
Forney, John W., 409, 464.
Forquar, General, 88.
Forsyth, John, 242.
Forts:
Moultrie,
211;
Sumter,
211,
248,
512;
Pulaski, 212;
Pickens, 242;
Fortress Monroe,
265,319,479; Walker, 283
; Beauregard, 283
;
Warren, 284, 370
; Henry, 298
; Donelson, 298
;
Stevens, 425.
Fox, Gustavus V., Captain, 242, 264, 303, 464.
Frankhn, General, 292, 337, 342, 360, 362.
Fremont, John C, 152, 277, 282, 322, 411.
French, General, 373.
Frost, General, 263.
Gaillard, Leopold, 532.
Gardner, Lieutenant-colonel, 210.
Garfield, James A., 291.
Garrett, Thomas, 323.
Garrison, William
Lloyd,
53,
91,
259, 313, 323,
415.
Gilmore, John R., 434.
Goldsborough, Admiral, 319.
Grant, Ulysses S., General, 252
; presides at meet-
ing in Galena, 274; appointed brigadier-general
and goes to Paducah, 277
; captures Fort Don-
elson, 298
;
at Pittsburgh Landing, 312
;
takes
Vicksburg, 381
; appointed lieutenant-general,
396
;
at the Wilderness, 406
;
at Petersburg,
445
;
at
City
Point, 478
;
receives
despatch
from Lee, 486
;
visit from
Lincoln, 489
;
sur-
render of Lee, 511
;
at Washington, 513.
Greeley, Horace, 161, 217, 278, 335, 346, 361, 395,
427, 434.
Green, William
G., 73.
Grimes, Senator, 226, 356.
Gulliver, John P., Rev., 176.
Hall, James C, 392.
Halleck,
H. W.,
General,
supersedes
Fremont,
285
;
letter to McClellan, 290
; called to Wash-
ington to direct military movements, 334
;
calls
on McClellan, 339
;
differs with Burnside in re-
gard to plans. 354
;
refuses request of Hooker,
373
;
letter to Secretary Stanton, 426.
Hamilton, Charles, 158.
Hamlin, Hannibal, 196, 420.
Hanks, John, 7.
Hardie, Colonel, 375.
Harding, George, 162.
INDEX.
Harold, Daniel E., 518.
Han-is, Matthias, Rov., 512.
Han-is, Senator, 356, 514.
Hay, John, 429.
Hazel, George, 23.
Heintzelman, General, 309, 315, 322, 373.
Henderson, Senator, 412.
Henry, Joseph, Professor, 278, 365.
Herndon, William, 161, 164.
Hicks, Governor, 258, 272.
Hines, Captain, 416.
Hitchcock, General, 316.
Hodges, A. G., 403.
Holcombe, Professor, 428.
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 137.
Holt, Joseph, 212.
Hood, John B., General, 470.
Hooker, Joseph, General, 301, 307, 318, 358, 360,
372.
Howard, Senator, 356.
Hunter, David, 219, 227.
Hunter, General, 312, 423.
Hunter, R. M. T., 477, 481.
Hurlburt, S. A., 245.
Hussey, Obed, 162.
Hutchinson family, 293.
Imboden, J. D., General, 424.
Jackson, Claiborne F., 262.
Jackson, Stonewall, General, 322, 334, 340.
Jacques, Rev. Mr., 434.
Jayne, Julia, 120.
Jewett, William Cornell, 427, 434.
Johnson, Andrew, 413.
Johnson, Herschel V., 203.
Johnson, John M., 254.
Johnson, Oliver, 323.
Johnson, Reverdy, 162, 256, 333, 390.
Johnston, Joseph E., General, 267, 322.
Judd, Norman B., 148, 189, 219, 226.
Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 140.
Kelley, William D., 197, 286, 320, 349.
Kelton, Adjutant-general, 339.
Key, John J., Major, 346.
Keyes, General, 302, 307, 309, 315, 322, 367.
Lamon, Ward, 219, 227, 245.
Lane, Henry M., 388.
Lane, Joseph, 203.
Latham, Milton S., 286, 306.
Lee, Robert
E., General, 253, 324, 334, 340, 355,
373, 378, 445, 485, 494, 503, 51 1.
Letcher, Governor, 256.
Lincoln, Abrah:im(l), 8, 12.
Lincoln, Alnaliam, President, birtii, 19
; at school,
23, 32, 36
; death
of his mother, 28
; goes
to
mill, 35;
ferryman
at Gentry's Landing, 38;
takes
a Hat-boat
to New Orleans, 42
;
life at
Decatm-,
III., 46
; second trip to New Orleans,
;
clerk at New Salem, 60
;
in Black Hawk
War, 68
; candidate for Legislature, 71
; enters
store with Mr. Berry, 72
; postmaster
at New
Salem, 78
; surveyor, 81
; elected to Legislature,
; Ann Rutledge, 84
; second election to Leg-
islature, 89
;
decides
to study law, 94
;
riding
the circuit, 102
; meets Mary Todd, 109
; goes to
Kentucky with Mr. Speed, 111; " Rebecca " let-
ter, 120
; marriage, 123
; meets Henry Clay, 124
;
elected to Congress, 125
; member of Executive
Committee of society to aid em.igrants to Kan-
sas, 141; campaign speeches, 145, 153; counsel
in McCormick-Manny case, 162
; defends Will-
iam
Armstrong, 162
;
speech
at
Springfield,
164;
at
Chicago
and
Bloomington, 167;
at
Cooper
Institute, 175;
in
Connecticut, 176;
nominated
for
President,
194;
elected, 210;
prepares
for Washington, 215;
journey, 218;
plot
for
assassination, 224;
at Washington,
232;
inauguration, 236
;
difficulties, 244;
is-
sues call for volunteers, 250
;
efforts
to keep
Kentucky in the Union, 259
; besieged by office-
seekers, 264
; second call for troops, 266
; ap-
points McClellan to command, 270
; message to
Congress, 274
;
receives
tidings
of
death
of
Colonel Baker, 278
;
sets aside order of Gen-
eral Fremont, 282
; action in Trent affair, 284
;
appoints
Halleck
to
succeed
Fremont, 285
;
disappointed
at
inactivity of
McClellan, 290
;
confers
with
McDowell
and
Franklin, 292
;
appoints Edwin M. Stanton Secretary of War,
295;
sends orders
to
McClellan, 297;
death
of
Willie, 298; disappointment
at
failure
of
McClellan's
plans, 303;
conference with Mc-
Clellan, 305
;
council of division commanders,
307
;
reorganizes army, 309
;
sets
aside order
of
Hunter, 313
;
appeal
for
action
towards
abolishing
slavery, 314, 327
;
visits
Fortress
Monroe, 319;
directs movements
of Array of
Potomac, 322
;
meditates issuing proclamation
of emancipation, 328
; orders Halleck to direct
military
movements, 334
;
letter
to
Horace
Greeley, 337
; asks McClellan
to resume com-
mand of troops, 339
; issues emancipation proc-
lamation, 344
;
visits Harper's Ferry, 347
;
in-
terviews
with
members
of
Congress,
349
;
removes McClellan from command, 353
;
diffi-
culties of situation, 855
;
interview with Sena-
tors in regard to removal of Secretary Seward,
540
INDEX.
356
;
returns
resignation
of
Buraside, 859
;
appoints
Hooker
to
command
army,
362
;
changes sentence of Vallandigham, 3*70
;
reply
to Governor Seymour, 3*72
; appoints General
Meade to succeed Hooker, 374
; letter to Grant,
381
;
letter to Republican Convention of
Illi-
nois, 882
;
dedication
of cemetery
at
Gettys-
burg, 383
; plan for restoring seceded States to
the Union, 390; appoints Grant lieutenant-gen-
eral, 396
; reviews Burnside's troops, 404
;
re-
nominated, 413; nominates William P. Fessen-
den
Secretary
of
Treasury, 418
;
replies
to
Horace Greeley, 428
;
issues proclamation for
thanksgiving,
441;
re-elected, 468;
meets
agents of Confederate Government at Fortress
Monroe, 4*79
; telegram
to Grant, 486
; second
inauguration,
487
;
visits
General
Grant
at
City
Point, 489
;
enters
Richmond, 505
;
re-
ceives news of Lee's
surrendei', 511;
assassi-
nation, 515.
Lincoln, Mordecai, 4.
Lincoln, Robert, 513.
Lincoln, Samuel,
1, 3.
Lincoln, Thomas, 13;
at Nolin's
Creek, Ky., 18
;
Knob Creek, 23
; moves to Pigeon Creek, lud.,
;
second marriage, 80
; moves
to
Decatur,
III, 46.
Locke, David R. (" Petroleum V. Nasby"), 451,46!-
Logan, John A,, 233.
Lovejoy, Elijah P., Rev., 96, 368.
Lovejoy, Owen, 369, 390.
Lowell, James Russell, 584.
Lyon, Nathaniel, Captain, 262.
Lyons, Lord, 310.
Magoffin, Governor, 259.
Magruder, General, 316.
Manny, Mr., 162.
Marcy, General, 802.
Marshall, Humphrey, General, 291.
Mason, James M., 151, 242, 256, 283, 473.
McClellan, George
B., General, 170, 265;
called
to Washington, 268
; appointed commander of
forces, 270
;
treatment
of
Lincoln, 286
;
in-
action, 290;
displeased by conference of Lin-
coln with McDowell and Franklin, 292
; plans
for re-opening Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad,
300
;
meets
Lincoln, 305
;
assigned
to
com-
mand of Army of the Potomac, 309
;
at York-
town, 316;
calls
for troops,
321, 325;
sends
despatch
to Stanton, 324
;
fails
to co-operate
with Pope, 838
;
secures plan
of movements
of Lee's army, 341
;
at Harper's
Ferry, 346
;
removed from command, 353
; nominated
for
Presidency, 439
;
defeated, 468.
McCormick, Cyrus, 162.
McCuUough, Professor, 517.
McDowell, General, 268, 292, 307, 322.
McLean, Judge, 157, 162.
McPherson, Mr., 349.
Meade, George G., General, 374, 379, 404, 492.
Meigs, Quartermaster-general, 292.
Miles, General, 340.
Milroy, General, 386.
Missouri Compromise, 186.
Moorhead, Mr., 349.
Morgan, John, General, 882, 444.
Morgan, Edwin D., 325, 412.
Morrow, Colonel, 859.
Morton, Oliver P., 458.
Mosby, General, 368.
Mudd, Dr., 518.
Naglee, General, 806.
Xelson, William, 250, 812.
Newspapers
:
" The
Liberator," 54, 90
;
" Louis-
ville Journal," 68, 80
; " l^ew England Review,"
; " Louisville Gazette," 80
; "Emancipator,"
90; "Philanthropist," 91;
"Springfield Jour-
nal," 120
;
'• Baltimore Sun," 135
; " New York
Tribune," 161, 164,335;
"Anti-slavery Stand-
ard," 164; "Chicago Tribune," 164; "Charles-
ton
Mercury," 212;
"Albany Evening
Jour-
nal,'' 814; "Boston Advertiser," 314; "New
Bedford Standard," 814;
"Philadelphia Led-
ger," 314; "Philadelphia Press," 869; "Rich-
mond Examiner," 870, 442
;
" Toledo Blade,"
451; "Richmond
Sentinel," 484;
"Bradford
Review," 530; "Dublin Freeman's Journal,"
530; "London
Daily News," 530; "London
Star," 530;
"London
Punch," 531;
"Paris
Epogue," 532.
Nicolar, Mr., 227.
Offut, Denton, 54.
Oglesby, Richard, 188.
01dham,W. J., 517.
Ord, General, 492.
Parker, Governor, 441.
Patterson, General, 267.
Payne, Lewis, 518.
Pemberton, General, 381.
Pendleton, George H., 286, 441.
Petigru, Mr., 245.
Pheips, General, 333.
Phillips, Wendell, 175, 366, 411.
Piatt, Donn, 386.
Pickens, Governor, 212, 250, 283.
Pickett's
division, 878, 494.
INUKX.
>4l
Pierce, Franklin, 139, 217, 230, 382.
Pinkerton, Allen, 224, 292.
Polk, Leonidas, General, 277.
Ponieroy, Senator, 35(5.
Pope, John, 219,227, 277.
Pope, General, 334, 337.
Porter, Admiral, 506.
Porter, Fitz-John, General, 337.
Porter, Horace, General, 490, 494.
Prentice, George D., 78, 261.
Pryor, Roger A., 248.
Radford, Reuben, 72.
Ratliburn, Major, 514, 521.
Raymond, Henry
J., 359, 3(jl, 431.
Reid, Whitelaw, 467.
Reynolds, General, 374, 378.
Rice, Henry M., 286, 306.
Riney, Zacliariah, 23.
Rives, Mr., 234.
Robertson, Judge, 267.
Rollins, Mr., 472.
Romans, A. S., 242.
Rosecrans, General, 268, 383.
Rosecrans, Lowell H., 261.
Rusling, James R., General, 379.
Rutledge, Ann, 83.
Saunders, George X., 428.
Schenck, General, 373, 379, 386.
Schoepf, General, 291.
Scott, Dred, 153.
Scott, Wintield S., General, 211, 221, 236, 268.
Secession of South Carolina, 210.
Seddon, John A., 234, 517.
Seward, Frederick W., 226, 516.
Seward, William H., 182, 190, 232, 240, 284, 329,
345, 356, 358, 361, 441, 477, 516.
Seymour, Horatio, Governor, 355, 371, 382, 439.
Shannon, Wilson, Governor, 142.
Shepley, General, 506.
Sheridan,
Philip
H.,
General,
445,
463,
468,
489.
Sherman, W. T., General, 283, 404, 445, 458, 470,
489,492,513.
Shields, Mr., 119, 147.
Ships
: Dorothy, 3
; John, 3
;
Rosie, 3
;
lalismaii,
68;
Star of the
West, 212;
Maiiflower, 239;
Merrimac, 263, 303, 306, 318;
Monitor, 264,
303, 307
;
Snxquehanna, 283
;
Wabaxh,
283
;
San Jacinto, 284
;
Trent, 284
;
Minnesota, 285
;
Congress, 306
; Cumberland, 306
; River Queen,
480, 489, 493, 505
;
Bat, 505.
Sickles, General, 379.
Sigel, General, 424.
Slidell, John, 283, 473.
Slocuni, General, 374.
Smith, General, 360.
Smith, Goldwin, 319.
Smith, Secretary, 241, 246, 338.
Smith, William, Governor, 484.
Sojourner Truth, 455.
"Sons of Liberty," 415, 437.
Soule, Pierre, 151.
Speed, James, 261.
Speed, Joshua, 95, 109, 262.
Speed, Lucy Gilman, 112, 346.
Stanton, Edward M., 162, 212, 295, 302, 307, 317,
319, 328, 338, 344, 359, 369, 374, 386, 426, 449,
467, 516.
Stedman, E. C, 367.
Stephens, Alexander, 217, 477.
Stevens, Athertou H., Major, 503.
Stevens, Miss, 374.
Stevens, Thaddeus, 280, 392.
Storrs, Richard S., Rev., 512.
Stringham, Commodore, 270.
Stuart, General, 322, 337, 348, 373.
Sumner, Charles, 324, 356,
390,
412,
420,
454,
470.
Sumner, Edwin Y., 219, 227.
Sumner, General, 309, 315, 322, 354, 359, 362.
Surratt, Mary E., 518.
Swett, J. B., Colonel, 437.
Taney, Roger B
, Chief-justice, 153, 236, 469.
Tappan, Arthur, 53, 90.
Thomas, George B., General, 291, 316.
Thomas, Lorenzo, Adjutant-general, 296.
Thompson, George, 400.
Thompson, Jacob, 212, 415, 429.
Thompson, Joseph
P., Rev., 442.
Todd, David, 418.
Todd, Major, 374.
Todd, Mary, 109, 120, 123.
Toombs, Robert, 248.
Trumbull, Lyman, 148, 282, 356, 412, 470.
Turner, Major, 346.
Tyler, John, 233.
Usher, J. P., 362.
Vallandigh.vm, Clement
L.,
286, 369, 382, 415,
439.
Vinton, Francis, Rev., 299.
Voorhees, Daniel W., 388, 472.
Wade, Benjamin F., 323, 356, 367, 420, 430.
Wads worth, James
S., General, 315, 359, 385.
Wallace, General, 424.
542
INDEX.
" Ward, Artemus," 342.
Washburne, Elilm B., 176, 226, 232, 379, 396, 461.
Weed, Thurlow, 190, 356, 431, 489.
Weitzel, General, 503, 506.
Welles, Gideon, 240, 246, 263, 328, 338, 345, 483.
Whittier, John G., 158, 294, 359.
Wilcox, General, 498.
Wilkes, Commodore, 284.
Willis, Judge, 383.
Wilson, Henry, 187, 244, 252, 319, 365, 390.
Wilson, James F., 412.
Wood, Fernando, 217.
Wool, General, 319, 322.
Worden, Captain, 304.
Wright, General, 426.
Wright, Mr., 366.
Wright, Rebecca, 446.
Yates, Governor, 277.
ZoLLicoFFER, Felix, General, 234, 291.
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