UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE AL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATI WASHINGTON, D.C. 20535 — os i In Reply, Please Refer to . ° , . _, File No. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE ~ “APRIL 19, 1968 Se | Attorney General Ramsey Clark announced today that the FBI has identified Jamies Rarl Ray, an escapee from the Missouri State Penitentiary, as Eric Starvo Galt, against whom a Federal complaint was filed last Wednesday in connection with the fatal .shoot- ing of the Reverend Dr, Martin Luther King, Jr. - _ oe Director J, Edgar Hoover said that a systematic and exhaustive search of latent fingerprints uncovered in the Dr, King case against the fingerprints of the over 53,000 persons for whom ; Wanted Notices" have been posted in the files of the FBI's Identification _ Division led to the determination that Galt and Ray are identical, Mr. Hoover said that Ray, who is 40 years of age, was a reported missing from the Missouri State Penitentiary at Jefferson City, Missouri, on April'23, 1967, He had been received at that institution on March 17, 19€90, to serve a 20-year sentence iclowing | conviction in St, Louis for armed robbery and for operating a motor ah’ eSthawt wrt ans £ L4, =: + vehicle without permission of the owner. NW 55087 Docld: 32989551 Page 202 Ce . .
In September, 1966, while serving this sentence, he was | confined for a time in the maximum security ward at the State Hospital at Fulton, Missouri, | According to Mr, Hoover, Ray has a known arrest record ‘dating back to 1949, Prior to the 1960 conviction for which he received the 20-year term, Ray had been convicted of burglary in Los Angeles, . California, in 1949; armed robbery in Chicago, ‘Tlinois, in 1952; and forging and-cashing United States Postal Money Orders in Missouri . in 1955. . a | He has served terms in the Los Angeles County Jail in 1949; in State Prisons at Joliet and Pontiac, Ulinois, in 1952-54; and in the Federal Penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1955-58. Ray was an enlisted man in the United States Army from February, 1946, to December, 1948, at which time he was given a -—— General Discharge due to ineptness and lack of adaptability for military - service. While in the Army, he received a three-month sentence at -° hard labor for being drunk and breaking arrest. . ~ Mr. Hoover said that during his criminal career, Ray has also used the names of James McBride, James Walion, W. C. Herron and James O'Conner. He is a white male; claims to have MW 55057 Docld: 32989551 Page 203 . | oe oe oe ee =
Lee eee enon mer cnn cane teneatemetenae Sore ate te he. eat an Aan , - Penitentiary, an EI complaint was filed in Jefferson City, Missouri, ' . : . | ‘on July 20, 19 67, charging Ray with unlawfully fleeing from the State hair. There is a small scar on the ‘center ofhisforeheadandascar ~~ _ on the palm of his right hand. . . -— me , - Loe cod 2 paker, laborer and color matcher. . : ‘ . . on . te ’ ‘ . “ . se . ‘ + : . @ “been born March 10, 1928, in Minois; is approxima ately 5 feet 10 inches | " tall and weighs about 168 to 174 pounds. He has blue eyes and brown : 7 os * te = ” wae eet Ray has. claimed that he attended school, through the 10th : grade in Alton, ‘Illinois, He has had the reputation of being a camstes ; noe - since leaving: school. ‘His vocational experience includés workingasa .. . In connection with his escape from the Missouri State © pa . Of Missouri to avoid continement, He has been 2 Federal fugitive since u “Ray should be considered armed and extremely dangerous. . " a ". Anyone having information concerning him should immediately contact’ - HW 55037 —_— FBI Headquarters in p Washington, D. C., or the nearest FBI otfige.. an ——— x wwe aor FR te ~ . -t8 et = " - er ag . . “Leet e. ~ > . Ye “we ‘ . - “ ae tes ’ s he - ~ . - 3 - - . Le 7, a ‘ - . t - tte ’ ‘ a ‘ *. . t . » a 2 . Z ~ - : “¢ 7 " se e > > - ~ if * -3- : nN - ‘ ~ 5 t ~ ~ oe « Doocld: 32999551 Pa
NW 55097 { MARTIN LUTSER XING, GR. Background: Martin Luther King, 3r., is a weil-known southern Negro o leader whe is Presigent of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and is Cosastor with his Fathe z of tne xyenezer Baptist Church, .Atianca, Georgia. Me was born in Atianta on January 15, 1929. King pecame nationaily orominent auring 1955 and 19356 wren ce organized a protest that ended bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama. As @ result of nis activities .in racial matters, he has been arrested om numerous occasions by local officiai end charged with niscemeansrs. rarougho out his efforts in tn 2 racial fielé ne has stressed nonvicient action, Subversive Connections and Associations: The Worker," an east coast communist newspaper, issue of Noveuber 6, 1960, carried an article entitleé "Sobell Parley Caled." According to this article wide- spreaj apzzals on behalf of freedom for Morton Sobeil were scheGuled and would be climaxed at a national gathering in Washington, 5. C., from Noveaber 19, 1960, through ‘ November Zi, i960. Among chose who " sponsored che national gathering was Martin vauther King, or. i eake The Worker" issue of November 27, 1960, carries an article entitied "1260 Clerics urge ike Pree Sopell.* The article listed King as one of those sponsoring 42 Eppeai cto the Presicent co urge & new triai for Morton Scoszeii or grant him clemency by conuutation of sen Morton Scbellitwas convicted on April &, 195i, in the Uaited States Districy Court, Southern District of ktew Yoru, for violation of Es pion age Conspiracy svatute aaG was sentencea to 30 years in prison. Fs) DocTd: 32989551 Page 205 . . : : » mh
NW 55097 Docld:32989551 Page 206 The January 16, 1961, issue of the "National - Guardian" carried an article entitled “Aholish The Un-Americans." This article indicated a petition was directed to the 87th Congress asking for the abolishment of the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Among the signers of this petition was the name of Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. The “Atlanta Journal," a daily newspaper in Atlanta, Georgia, on February 23, 1961, carried an article entitled "Highlanders and Dr. King Join Forces." This article stated that the Atlanta SCLC, headed by Martin Luther King, Jr., and the "Tennessee Controversial Highlanders Folk School" had joined forces to train Negro leaders for the southern civil rights struggle. This article indicated that a Tennessee State Court revoked the school's -charter after a legislative investigation charged that communists had lectured there. The "New York Post," a New York daily newspaper, in the issue of May 2, 1961, carried an article which indicated the name of Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., of Atlanta, Georgia, was listed on a petition requesting President John F, Kennedy to invoke executive clemency for Carl Braden and Frank Wilkinson, Mrs. Alberta Ahearn, a self-admitted member of the Communist Party, Louisville, Kentucky, in testifying on December 11 and 13, 1954, in Jefferson County, Kentucky, Criminal Court, in a State Sedition prosecution against Car] Braden identified Braden as haying been known to her as a member of the Communist Party from 1951 until the time of her testimony. The “Courier-Journal,” Louisville, Kentucky, a daily newspaper, on February 3, 1959, carried an article indicating that Carl Braden had been sentenced to one year in prison on a charge of contempt of Congress for his refusal to answer questions before the House Committee on Un-American Activities. -~ 2 -
. * ; S @ “The New York Times," a daily newspaper, in the issue of January 24, 1959, carried an article to the effect that Frank Wilkinson was sentenced by the United States District Court, Atlanta, Georgia, to a year in jaiJ for contempt of Congress for refusing to answer questions before the House Committee on Un-American Activities. The August 25, 1961, issue of “New America," an official publication of the Socialist Party ~ Social Democratic Federation, carried an article entitled, “Prominent Americans Seek Pardon Junius Scales." He was sentenced to six years in prison under the Smith Act. Among those who joined this effort and who signed the petition urging suspension or reduction of Scales sentence was Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. On September 7, 1961, a testimonial dinner was held in honor of Henry Winston in the Skyline Ballroom of the Hotel Theresa, 125th Street, 7th Avenue, New York, New York. One of the speakers at this testimonial was Martin Luther King, Jr. At the time of the testimonial Henry Winston was publicly known as a member of the Communist Party, USA, National Committee and Vice-Chairman .Of the Communist Party, USA. The November, 1963, issue of "Through to Yictory" published in Ridgecrest, California, carried an article by Carl Prussion entitled "Communist Planned Tactics of King, N.A.A.C.P." In this article Prussion made the statement that Martin Luther King, Jr., and the N.A.A.C.P. were being influenced by communist generated revolutionary tactics. Prussion identified himself as a former counterspy fer the FRI from 1947 to 1960, He made the statement that Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., was always set forth at communist meetings as the individual] to whem communists should look and rally areund in the communist struggle on the many racial issues. Ina sworn affidavit Prussion made the statement “I hereby also state that Martin Luther King, Jr., has either been a member of or wittingly has fo accepted support from communist fronts, individuals, and/or organizations which gave aid to or espouse communist causes, numbering over 60." ~3- | J |W 55097 Doold:32989551 Page 207 . -
Docld: 32989551 Page 208 The March, 1963, issue of the "Southern Patriot," the official publication of the Southern Conference Educational Fund, which is the successor of the Southern Conference for Human Welfare, an organization cited by the House Committee on Un-American Activities as a Communist Party front group, has several pictures of Martin Luther King, Jr., at an affair described as an annual reception for New York friends of the Southern Conference Educational Fund. The main speaker for this affair was Martin Luther King, Jr. The "National Enquirer," published in New York, New York, on April 5, 1964, carried a column entitled "Washington Pipeline" by John Henshaw. This column contained a paragraph as follows: "Martin Luther King, Jr., isn't happy about the detailed report that FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover has compiled about some of his past associations with communists. In order to limit the FBI's future role in civil rights investigations King has launched a backstage campaign to get President Johnson to transfer the authority to U. S. Treasury Department Law Enforcement Agendes and to especially established Corps of U. S. Marshals." The "Atlanta Constitution," an Atlanta, Georgia, daily newspaper, on July 25, 1963, carried an article entitled "Onetime Communist Organizer Heads Rev. King's Office in N.Y." This article indicated that Jack H. O'Dell was Director of the New York office of the SCLC. This article identified O'Dell as being in the Communist Party as late as 1958. It was indicated that 0'Dell was also known as Hunter Pitts O'Dell at one time and that he had been identified as a member of the National Conmittee of the Communist Party, USA. The "Washington Post and Times Herald," a Washington, D. C., daily newspaper, on April 15, 1964, ~4.
NW 55057 Doocld: 325989551 Page 209 s carried a column entitled "Matter of Fact," by Joseph Alsop. This article stated, "The subject of real head shaking is the Rev. Martin Luther King. His influence is very great, Hts original dedication to nonviolence can hardly be doubted. Yet, he has accepted and is almost certainly still accepting communist collaboration and even communist advice. "In 1962-63 the issue of the communist role in the King organization was raised because of Hunter Pitts O'Dell commonly called Jack O'Dell. This man, a known communist, held posts in the Southern Christian Leadership Council, first in the South and then in the New York office, until the late Spring of 1963. King finally dropped him when he was warned by United States Government officials that O'Dell was the genuine communist article. "Official warnings have been given to King about another, even more important associate who is known to be a key figure in the Covert apparatus of the Communist Party. After the warning, King broke off his open connections with this man, but a secondhand connection nonetheless continues." The "Jackson Daily News" printed in Jackson, ' Mississippi, on May 18, 1964, carried an article entitled "Charges King Accepted. Money "Prom Group Labeled Subversive." This article indicated that in a speech-to the North Jackson Exchange Club, Erle Johnston, Jr., Director of the State Sovereignty Commission said Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., had accepted money from an organization labeled as subversive in spite of his claims that his SCLC "investigates any leaders" charged with communistic associations. Johnston showed members of this club a photostatic copy of a check made Out to King by the Southern Conference Educational Fund, Incorporated, of New Orleans. He pointed out in his speech that this was the successor organization to the Southern Conference for Human Welfare, which had been branded as subversive by both the House Comnittee on Un-American Activities and Senate Internal Security Committee. ~ 5 ‘
Nw 35097 Doold: 32989551 One of the associates of Martin Luther King, who was publicly identified as one of the leaders of the "March on Washington," was Bayard Rustin. According to an article in the August 30, 1963, Washington, D. C., "Evening Star," a Washington, D. C., daily newspaper, captioned "Rustin Rights Actionist, Press On," Bayard Rustin joined the Young Communist League (YCL) in 1936 while attending the College of the City of New York. This article continued that he quit the YCL after four years and he later “served 28 months in prison for being a conscientious objector." The "New York Herald Tribune," a New York daily newspaper, for August 14, 1963, is an article entitled "Thurmond Assails a Leader of March," reports that -in addition to Rustin's past communist activities he was “"convicted in 1953 for sex perversion." Rustin reportedly "declined to comment on the morals charge which was lodged against him in California and which involved two other men. Page 210
MW 35037 Doocld: 32959551 Page 211 STLICILY PERSONAL ANY CONFIDENTIAL RESURRECTION CITY This very synopsized account is a representative cross section of a large amount of material on the same subject matter, It is to be noted that this account relates only to a factual description of certain day-to-day aspects of Resurrection City, It deliberately excludes any comments on economic, religious, political, educational, and sociological factors and interests, Further, no conclusions have been drawn or interpretations made, On June 10, 1968, Senior Editor and Religious’ Editor Louis Cassels of the United Press International wrote: "A month after it began, the Poor People's Campaign is floundering, It is beset by leadership problems, racial friction, confused objectives and low moral@.soce”! The Caravans The Poor People's Campaign began with several caravans throughout the United States forming to travel to Washington, D, C, In Boston, Massachusetts, a man picketing the caravan was stabbed while it was forming, In Dayton, Ohio, following reports of missing purses and money, members of the Midwestern Caravan were Egerohed by the esraven ecseurity forec. Nire nerboars c7 this contincent rere sent beck to Chiceco because of those incidents, In Letroit, tichigan, local Nesroes brought food to the caravan there but refused to sive the food to ceraven perticipents they + ag at sta ee ke wT eocerited es “youn, necous," Two officials of a ceravan in lississippi were arrested in possession of narcotics and Lester Hankerson, second in command ees
* . % ~ a STRICTLY PERSONAL AND CONFIDENTIAL of the caravancailed the "Mule Train" was arrested in New Jersey in April, 1968, with drugs and a stolen gun in his car, Several members of the southern caravan were seen with pistols in their possession, In connection with the Midwest Caravan, Large quantities of food, clothing, and blankets were found abandoned on buses used by the caravan, Campaign cfficials were not interested in having this material returned as they said it was all donated and they could get more on the way. Violence . On May 20, at Resurrection City, a newS cameraman was threatened for failing to enter a tent as instructed, A marshal, one of the city's own security foree, told the newsman; "If you don't get in that tent, I'll cut you with my razor,' Later, Jesse Jackson, a campaign official, said the marshal was only kidding and didn't know the incident was being recorded, The next day a resident of Resurrection City was arrested for practicing a "quick draw't with a pistol loaded with "dur-dum'!! bullets, During a rock-and-roll music entertainment, six fights erupted, A marshal requested police assistance in removing armed men from Resurrection City in another incident, but a Reverend Young, a campaign official, said the marshals would handle this and denied entry to the city to the police, There have been fights during meals which caused officials to call a town meeting to discuss the fights and the marshals had to disarm a man terrorizing other residents with a meat cleaver, The "Commandos,'' a group under the leadership of Father James Groppi, have clubs, six or seven butcher knives, and two guns, Residents of Resurrection City have thrown rocks at passing automobiles, damaging four cars and injuring one weren, Two peyroprpce reporters vere bucten by teen-ege recaccnts of the city end thiie wolidewtrLliie we.do tekon., lo date, fi bia net been returned, It was valued at over $500, A drunk lunged at senator Laward Muskie of Maine during the Senator's visit to the elty. On June 9, a Negro man stole a camera during the afternoon and ran into Resurrection City, Marshals refused to allow police 1— 2 MW 55097 Doold: 32989551 Page 212
SSOS7T Docld: 32385551 Page 213 . STRICTLY PERSONAL AND CONFIDENTIAL > into the city and no arrest was made, Members of a youth gang from Chicago at the city have been stealing goods there and xelling the items they steal, At least four filrebombs have been made at Resurrection City for use against factions of residents of the city. Leadership Resurrection City participants have repeatedly expressed objections to leaders of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which organized the Poor People's Campaign, staying at the Pitts Motor Motel in Woshinvton, B, C., instead of at Resurrection City, Participants are also upset over heavy drinking and the presence of white and black females in the rooms of campaign leaders, Reverend Ralph D, Abernathy had obscenities shouted at him when he visited the tent city on June 7 because of the fact that he was residing at the Pitts Motor Hotel rather then in Resurrection City with his followers and because of rumors circulated to the effect that Resurrection City residents had caught him in bed with a white female, Racial Friction There has been friction between the Mexican-American contingent of the Poor People's Campaign and campaign Negro leaders, The Mexican-American contingent has charged racial discrimination, On June 7, Reverend Abernathy told Reles Lopez Tijerina, leader of the Mexican~Americans, to either move into Resurrection City, which the Mexican-Americans have so far refused to do, or leave town, , While a Negro newspaper reperter was getting a story in nesurrection City, a whive reporter nearby was tolu to Lles.e by a iegro ricigent, The white rezorter's netebook Was taken, the peges with writing on them torn out, and the notebook thrown in the nud, Weshineton, D.C, Violence has not been confined to Resurrection City itself, Three carpaign participants (two coming with a caraven) -~ 3 = nO eeeeaes=_qQQQQQuQqqeeeeeee--__eeeeeeeeeeee
. ” . oo STRICTLY PERSONAL AND CONFIDENTIAL are being held for shooting and killing two U, S. Marine officers and wounding two other persons, These three were to move into Resurrection City the night of the murder, Members of another teen-age gang called the "Invaders" whe are with the campaign from Memphis, Tennessee, invaded the Ballou High School in Washington and roamed the halls setting off firecrackers and turning in two false fire alarms, A campaign participant was arrested for refusing to pay for drinks in a Washington restaurant and pulling a knife on the waitress, During a demonstration at the Supreme Court Building, six campaigners threw rocks and broke five windows, Three Campaigners were arrested for lowering the flag to half mast and five others were later arrested for obscene Language, At the Department of Justice, campaigners met with Attorney General Ramsey Clark and one said, "We ain't got no money, man, but we got matches, man, Mr, Ramsey Clark, you better tell the police to get their guns ready, For every one of us you kill in Resurrection City, ten cities are going to burn,'! This was after Andrew Young reportedly said over the public address system in Resurrection City, ‘We cannot survive in America unless we put an end to the present government system that will inevitably lead to our destruction," Immoral Activity In May, 1968, a Negro female was raped in Resurrection City. On June 1 two carloads of white females came to the city at 2 aom, to "'veluntecr their sorvices,'' Negro females in the city are Gistustcsd at hegro toles fur slecping with Lhegro ferales curing the day and then going to hotels with white females at night. Biverend Jincs Level, a cetupaipn official, replied to the complaints with Covecestory romworle cbcut leat voscn, Ne reltucea ts efvle tee and was threatened by male residents, An organization hes been Started in .esurreciion City by Negro females to try to stop Negro male residents from sleeping with white females, ~ ho NW S5057 Doocld: 32989551 Page 214 , ‘
. fe ‘ STRICTLY PERSONAL AND CONPIDONTIA A female marshal was raped at Resurrection City by three ox four men and two days later two Negro female visitors were raped there, The boyfriend of one victim went to the city to confront the rapists and was met by campaign official Hosea Williams and marshals, The boyfriend was told to leave or he would be beaten, A white female, approximately 22 years old, came to the ’ fence at the city at night and said she wanted to do whatevar she could to support the campaign, One Negro male suggested she enter the camp and engage in sexual relations with the participants, i Sho entered Louusccetion City, stayed two hours, and engaged in sexual relations with six or seven Negro men, Current Situation Between €00 and 900 participants remain at Resurrection . City, which was built to hold 3,000 people, The permit to occupy the park originally scheduled to expire June 16, 1968, has been extended to June 23, 1968, Most of the legitimate poor people have left and in the main only "black nationalists" remain, Reverend Abernathy said on June 10 that evicting residents of Resurrection City when the permit expires would "“infuriate those who would like to resort to violence'’ and would "only disturb those in cities around the country to the point where violence would break out," ' The Poor People's Campaign has scheduled a mass demonstration, called “Solidarity Day!' for June 19, This demon~ ' stration is to include sympathizers from all over the country besides residents of Resurrection City, | The toxican-smarican contingent still refuses to move ‘ into Lucurrection City énu the city is still working on its housing end sanitary facilities, A Nerro plumber who volunteered to icy pips tucre ves quite critical over the refusal of residents of the city to cucist hin in Lis work. MW 55097 Doold: 32989551 Page 215
> a * wa . @ © Hosea Williams spent the night of June 16, 1968, at the Williard Hotel, Weshington,.D, C,, in a room occupied by a white female, age 20-22, who claimed to be a secretary of the Southern Christlen Leadership Conference, . A white female who had resided at Resurrection City advised that one of the Poor People's Campaign marshals had pointed to Lincoln's statue in the Lincoln Memorial and said to her, "See that bastard? We're going to paint his skin black and make him look like a nigger,'' This individual also made en obscene reference to the Yeshington Monument, This female stated that several attempts were made by Nerroes to have inter- coducg wlui br voin voluntarily anu forceably, Another individual deseribed the leadership of the Poor People's Camoaign as chaotic and described the campaign as "Sodom and Gomorrah all over again," fn individual reported that a gang of young Necro youths from Chicago called the Rangers. was stealing goods at Resurrection City and selling the items, This gang prefers white women and uses its authority to procure them, Over 960,000 have bean spent by the Poor People's Gampaign staff residing at the Pitts Motor Hotel, Washington, 5. Coy $7,000 reportedly were paid to Hosea Williams to cover cash and property stolen from him at Resurrection City, Campalen officials also have reportedly been cheating on travel vouchers, Ralph Abernathy and his family have been living recently at the Howard Johnson Motor Hotel in Washington, BD, C,, without the knowleava of czrpeton narticinents, -6— MW 35037 Doocld: 32959551 Page 216
. . - . . i’ Teco 26, 1969 CONGR QMBIONAL RECORD — Extensions of @muarhs. E4927 espe BAN fs ONG ‘a y r Y live Nashville, Tenn., while HL Li naries | nd officials of whe we VIRES SDAN A CENTURY The family lived In Nashville, Tenn, wi a unctionarics and officials of tLe ~ Me saa mee s a AN AC Mrs, Cohen's som Ruscell attended vane Commumist Parly and all elerc “us. + pit art became a football sur, there. tor Seppe FE ae n Uneatotantert . HON. G. ELLIOTT HAGAN tho children were grown, Mr. and Mze, Cohen Yyinrer “BIGGS.” and “assistants” of . on re ack Augusta, and finally back to an. we OY SORIA woved Daeg te gush y The close ties belaween Kine and such HEE MOVE OP REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Cohen died 20 years ago, and slnce Unab  lnbler-day subversives as James and . June 16, 1969 time watil Just a few months ago, Mrs. Cohen Dianne Level, Stokeley Carinichacl, Paul has lyed alone, driven her own cur, cooked Booth, John Hulett, James F rman, Rap AN. Mr. Speaker, I want to jer meats and kept house. “I'm not sick or Brown, Jerry Rubin, Fred Shutuesworth, ev attention of rd somcaeetes aN anything now, I just can'b walk,” she said, and Michael Wood are no longer denied. uy Appeared in the Waynésboro, She fell and broke her leg recently, 3 iation witt wy caw Ga., newspaper, the True Citizen, on Mrs. Cohen remembers Waynesboro when Fonts Base apon with kn OvRalpn June th regarding a jJady who celebrated the downtown area consisted of one block of Abernathy is not éven denied by his Ser Ssth birchday, Mrs, Mary Savannah stores, the streets and sidewalks were un- eedreniirnd : y Jeneunes Aateae ° paved and “every grocery store sold Hquor." frantic defenders, . Barrens CONE hat hay “Young girls were not alowed to go to These facts are now too well known - Ae dcHEH Uh re 18 Ho GOURL that hav=  zawit on Bat ivday tight,” she sald, Mest 6f t the Ameri¢an people, ‘The truth wilk - 7- 2e’s 89th year would be rea- tne stores were Just shanties, she said, with not go away. * a ached one ny Tortumate to have a grand lady in answer to the inevitabie question asked bee defense a a g bien Pe ttnate the eee $ caliber residing in the First Dis- the very old, Mrs, Cohen said, in her honest, D&S “aunched a vitriolic atiack on the of Georgia. Mrs. Cohen's senior striightforward way, “I don’t know why —ERI_in general and on J. Edear Haver ja. : VS2a. . BS : . oe: 5 I’ve lived so long; my family members usu- in particular.. ° AYE Sar 2 3 30 sy} oe 7 . ears socom 40 enhance her charms, her ony don’t, but I did have an aunt who lived ~ _Myr. Hoover's fionumental record of a. inienest In things happening around ini she was 90." lifetime of devoted service to his country) = and her delight in. reflecting back she sees well and reads everything she can I needs no defense. History will recall him > * her years from childhood to aduli- get her hands on including the Atlanta and as one of the great Americans of all time Land remembSoring the vast changes Augusta dally newspapers and The True ‘His meticulous care in the protection of wha We y y Citizen, : 4 sos Aen xr hometowns of Waynesboro and Me Cohen's mother, Sophie Settagast, the privacy of the individual white con- : : z ; ane - i the investigations vital to the. . ing coud ¢ came from Germany and took her children ducting the ; ns i > se a ngeed Bp oud to be ale call there when ‘“Vannah” was nine for a ten security of tne community has charted eT ect te meror ang constituent, months visit. “Mama wanted ‘us to lear to a course which is an invaluable addition and I cet tainly hope that she will enjoy | sneak German, but we used to tell her, ‘No- to our way of life. ” or Q- ay y tot ity ay te = an * : * ay + ‘ . her 99th year in the same spirit and with pody talks ike that’. Americans, armed with the facts, nave the same zest for living as she has ex- Mary Savannah Barrett Cohen has « fond no trouble Geciding the question of crea- NiSi¢ps Sy yt 5 of : . + x t - h ta) i 3 ut iON O12 ro4 hibited in <1 the wonderful years past. memory of Augusta which she esepcially ibility between this man and his de- g “4 cod , as Bae vue Y G a) ub 3 Pe} on o 7 79 o ny 3 in ree to The ariicle follows: likes to tell about: She remembers riding ens . sae + Hew Se folows: A CentuRY horseback to a drug store on Broad Street, tractors. The latest coy ore to Join the aenaiiel ° in the now-trafic-jammed metropolis, , Yapping is Carl T. Rowan, whose colurnn : (By Joyce Odom) . - published in the Washinzton Siar yes- = Mary Savannah Barrett Cohen was 99 years . - * _.terday, I insert it at this point in my oul last week, : rT 2 "+ 7 remarks: ° ye nat in Jisei? is a remarkable thing, bu MARTIN LUTHER KING—THE Ir Is Time ror J..E2o32. Hoovm, La .Go airs, Cohen reads three newspapers every day A ~ er ® Cohen rends three newspapers everyday] “oot: CAN NO LONGER BE Dee (By Carl T, Rowan) can remember whe ages of her great-grand- children and writes letters in a graceful, fow- ODDEN - . . ‘A society is never In more peril then when ing hand, . ; the people lose the ablilty to identify a genu- Bright biue eyes sparkie when she talks! . HON, JOHN R RARICK ine threat to personal liversy. skous her memories which span a century. . This society is in a lot of peril Lf we may She's COnaNES VO a Wheelchair now at Keys- - OF LOUISIANA judge from the public reaction—or lack of Vite Nursing pame, and for the frst tine Ini IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it—to courtroom admissions of a variety of oem. ale ts a bit legs than completely inde- iMegal PBI wiretaps and buggings of homes re . ; 3 ar uggines of home pendent. . Monday, June 16, 1969 . and hotel rooms. She was born in Augusta June 2, 1870, and A justice department official acknowlesred pabhanee ated nar spent her early years in Waynesbor ecera rict Court thas fariun 7 hotse where a service station le now on the Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, for the in Federal District Court ghee De Marin © yown’s tats sinest Tibet ~ fourth time in 14 days I rise to call on Luther King was uncer electronic sury = ae Ssteey, Liberty, the administrati to at “bic i » lance In 1964 and 1965, end the FBI agent She remembers that during her childhood . Sstracdon maxe public IN- who supervised this surveillance told the her father, Jim Earrett, and an uncle bought formation an WS possession conceming court “é was my understanding that {i went an o.d broken down paper mil In Bath, the illegal, immoral, and subversive ac- on after that.” ° 5.C., that you had to cer to upalll through tivities of the Jate Martin Luther King. The whole truth {4 thst De. ; tO exist. were tapped. i Some of it has already been destroyed. was personatiy ead 47 kt ee. Se ee ed ts Cnicrs promri actiga ds te nave he vis sun ne Minalis reason to beheve t "ill be de- Another FBI szent, C Stroyed or conetaled. the court in we Concress shoud i mye an w . ss .. = Beaders © awerliww Gove, se Ae et “ « . u ~ woltewosi pyar fey . : much Yor because ne whe . SoA US Compe . tap snd a microphone , ‘ King’s apolosists no lonser bother to miss home. Sey Rfo dpe sterner © : Tnee . : : @ plantation here Ges fs inva. ; c1.i—his c:0sé, con- These cases of electronic eavesdropping, igo, She remembers linued cooperation—with well-known which violate both federal law and a prouis Ss who had a peg leaders of the Communist conspiracy, dential executive order, were disclosed tn a both here and abroad. hearing on former heavyweight borin: *GuUsia when “Van- ‘The American people have learned, a Pion Cusslus Cisy's effors w overturn a Lve- “€, Was seven and Jittle at a time, of his close association Yeer, Prison sentence for his refusal to be rs ~ rT . « : . . * irate # Road, now 15th with such identifed eubversives ac Abner ones buseines, ‘vets: . c ut Aen Wuri- 7 Derry ryles Torte: Aan 1) ahesG HUBUNAGS, Which caugiit same Clay ain she married eat Sawanes dtoric ‘ verees oan conversations In thelr "net," are but a fris- 2 Juin J. Collen of Carl tat fe ey cts EACH A. O'DCH, tion of the Megal wiretaps that have mova! dren were born and went ar) and Anne Braden, Herbert Apthe- this country far closer to a police state tunn ulary schoal in Ausuta (ss ker, Biivabeth Guricy Piynn, Gus Hall, most Americans realize. “5, who ves in Waynesboro, Dorothy Ray Healy, Mike Zagarell, John Why the bland, indifferent reaction on tho er who died 25 years seo), Abt, Daniel Rubin, end Amold Johnson, part of most Americans? ZI on OVereer named Qo Cy o a fat o cn, Hur tnd a ¢@ > HW S5087 Doold: 32369551 Page 217 . Se eee
ay rere fs the pemeral PDE justi un national security.” chev Gonerl Roneey Clark, Harealy Ghat the PEL had no Yivetap or bus Dr. King, asserts ww that people -thought sy threat is outrageous,” At term “National socurity’ is more paw 2 than “motherhoxi,” for it evokes fear, and mon still surrender move things— including Hberty—out of fear than they do- out af love. . The puzzling thing about Clark's state- ment is that he acts as though he fs sur- prised ta hear of the wiretapping and bug- ging of Dr. King. Could Clark possibly have been unaware that PBI officials were going before congressional committees and partly justifying larger appropriations by_titillating somo congressmen and feeding anti-Kcing sanitton to Southerners who despised the l rights leader—all by-way of revealing Shits” picked up through the wiretaps and ings? . es Clark unaware that certain PBI oMelals were roaming the country leaking to nor editors polsonous stories about Dr, id what the buggings allegedly, had _ eat King revealed? * Everybody clse.in Washington of any con- sequence knew it, and many deplored it, but. no one seemed to know how to go about making the FBI bend to the Jaws of the land. There is 4 not-too-fippant assumption in Washington that J. Edgar Hoover has been FBZ director for 45 years because all the re- cent Presidents have assumed that he knew . to much about them to be replaced. So not only was he not replaced by any of the younser, very abie FSI men in the normal course of things, but Presidents Johnson and Nixon have felt 14 wise or expedient to waive & law saying Hoover has reached the rocking- chair age. . . Hoover ought to be replaced as FSI di- recior—inunaiiately. -_ As Washington agency may have done a better iob than most. Bus the people of this country Knew somecvhing when they limited the time one man might . Serve in the presidency. The saw personal fiefdoms as inimical to the democracy, the personal freedom, that we have come to cherish, - « “If it fs dangerous to have one man serve three full terms cs President, it ls far more dangerous to have one man take lifetime possession of a powerful police-investigative agency thav orads Into the decness secrets of thé most prominent, most honored eilizens and has the power to discredit, even destroy, aimost anyone. The kind of abuse of and con- tempt for the law manifest in the King and Muhanumad eavesdropping become inevitable when a almost man {s left In a Key job + : conten +t ie ne ihwcal bond r, Unis eoluran shods ttle Heht on Eing, except to suggest that which cannot be denied—much is known about his unsavory character and con- duct. Rowan's intemperate attack on security surveiNance and his personal attack on .7, Edear Faaver shed a creat ing operation, however. Over the past 20 years the Communist Parity had con- Read q one rogues s Gueted the came attack Ras 5 para~ Wie Ge LOWan phrased without apelosy the party line. Zor comparison with his attack taday, I heads £0, “Hoover . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks insertat this point in my remarks a sun mary of this Communist Party line, ac- comiing fo its official orans, prepared and released by & committee of this House nearly 20 years ago: Reronry oN tue Navionsn LAwYrErs Gur.p; Lrecar BuLwanrk Of TUE COMMUNIST Parry (Prepared and released by tne Committee on Un-American Activities, U.S. House of Rep~ resentatives, Washington, D.C., September 17,1950) — . : 5. FEDERAT. BuRuay OF INVESTIGATION ‘Investigite the Federal Bureau of Investi- gation because of “vicious assaults upon civil Hberties” Editorial, (Daily Worker, March 13, 1940,p.6). + ‘ An article In the Daily Worker indicated thaé the FBI had gone beyond the scope of its authority in conducting general intell-. gence Investigations. Reference was made to the increase in the FRI's appropriation over A period of years, and it was alleged that he- cause of its Director's “absorbing Interest In investigating alleged subversive activities” the FBI was falling behind Jn its regular Job of dealing with other types of specific Federal “violations (Daily Worker, March™25, 1940). The Nazi Gestapo is Hoover's Model of Con-. duct for FBI (Daily Worker, December 19, 1940, p. 5, columns 5, 6, and 7). . Federal Bureau of Investigation Director J. Edgar Hoover was referred to as “Chief of the national thought police * * *" (Edi- torial, Political Affairs, January 1948, p, 10). It seem that the FBI * * * is worried tha the American people may get wise to its real function—which is thought control on the Gestapo and Japanese police model (Edi~ torial, The Worker, June 6, 1928, p. 6). The FBI and the Department of Justice have developed into a secret poltical police “Which exists outside the lew and beyond the -U.S, Constitution. * * * An aroused nation must stop the PEI effort to replace the Ameri- ean Constitution by the refgn of the political spy (Editorial, Daily Worker, June 13, 1949, p.7). . : Continuation of * * * protests can turn the rumors ebout J. Edgar Hoover's resigna- tion into actual and heartening fact (Edl- torial, Daily People’s World, June 16, 1949, - p.6). The FBI’s “undercover network" is a men- ace to the internal security of the nation *.¢ * The American people musi rid the na- tion of this “undercover network,” which Serves not the nation but a class, the minority of the financial-industrial cliques. The Bill of Rights and the FSI's “undercover net- work” are incompatable. One or the other must go. Wre have no coubt which the people will choose (Editorial, Dally Worker, June 21, Of Gur ew ee ty Evcaeth Gurney Myr. Speaker, tO make an judgment as to the credit rad moehigen of tw men who conmects, nf necessary to know something of each c the men and of their motivation. Athough J. Edevar Hoover, who cailed Martin Luthér~Hin7’ “one of the most notorious liars in the country” is well known to our colléarnes, and his accom- plishinernts are known .and respected throughout the world, it is otherwise with Carl T. Rowan who attacks him. At this point in my remarks, I inrert from the recently published Biotraphical Dictionary of the Left, by eminent his- i) Son dav wes Ur wetady ony bon GE MW 55097 Doold:32889551 Page 216 s rise, ‘ It | Ulberal causes. June 16,°1969 ovian Dr. Francis 3%. Gannon, the most recent biographical sketch of Rowan: ” Brocrapiican DIcrionany o7 | _ (By Francis X. Gannon) wisn Losey Carl Rowan was horn on Ausrust 11, 1925 In zavenserert, Lennesiee, 50 of Jonunic ae ford and Thomas Rows.n, He rnarricd V: Jcssty He attended, Tennessee State Uni- versity and Washburn College. He Is en ahumnus of Oberlin College (A.B., 1947) and the University of Minngotea (4.A., 1948). He is the author of South of Freedom (19533, The Pitiful and the Proud (1956), Go South to Sorrow (1957), Wait till Next Yeer (1960), fand No Need jor unger (1962). From 1948 until 1961, Rowan was with the Minneapolis Tribune as a copywriter (1943- £1950) and asastaff writer (1950-1961). > From 1961 until 1963, Rowan was 4 deputy ; assistans secretary: of state for. public affairs. -In that position, he was used as a spetch writer and traveling companiqn for Vice ‘ President Lyndon B. Johnson, His maior achievement for the State Department, how- ; ever, was to Serve as the Kennedy Adminis- Stration's eMiclent hatchetraan against Moise iTshombe of the Congo’s Katanga Prov ‘When Tshombe’s anti-Communist regime 'seceded from the rest of the chaotic Congo, tRowan branded Tshombe as an “interna- tional Uncle Tom” who was nothing more }Jthan a hand-picked stooge for Beigian \ businessmen. . l In 1963 and 19¢4, Rowan was U.S. Am- *bassador to Finland, In 1904 and 1665 l Edward R. Murrow's successor 2s jot the United States Inforrnatien . While In that position, he travelied tw Eu- rope, promoting Lyndon Jonnson’s “priage * building” between the Unitea States and Communist bloc of eastern Eur. Hew . outs of his way to assure Con ,that the United States go j placed jts permanent seal of Europe's Communist regimes. jdience In Belgrade, Yugos> that Americans were acutely a ‘tionary chances syvreoping the world, F lorated: "We empnesize tha ‘change because we were born o7 {t, we have 7 a wt ” Or 1 ve Ue D ug iliyed by {t, we prospered it. So the status quo has never been our god and we ask no one elise to bow conn before jit.” i In 1865, Rowan r w?nd became a col jPaily News and icate. He ts ‘Reader's Digest magacuine jtelevision commentator for the Weotinghowss roadcasting System, pe Pas. ! 4 treet Py are actively promoting Jefv.st- Tras et OOS those Who When the Kennedy Dyn valu2 cf Negros’ { Nerroes in high wan was one of priieaticn to yout { an ce mitted on b&b was rejected. ures In the Kenned fof them lo: ry ( Club—suddenly became ee ee eGlor consc.sus ah resigned thelr membership.
-- - . . HW . rd or exteuiive editor. af the hed to the de- to Uleb oliveis: “Tsay thls inewlent f red ndltical eTort in which the Hen y sarees are trying co make Negro apital, using Rowan as a sort of Freedom in the National Capital on the club Jan moil, Because I agree with Mr. Udall's perception of-this vole roveluil i the need for channeling this concern in a constructive way, I insert Ma. Udall’s remarks at this point in the Recorp: [From the New York TYinies, June 7, 1959] TuR VALUE REVOLUTION (By Slewart L. Udah) we VThoero laa deepening awareness that today's “I have been a member of the fine old Coontos Club for more than 20 years and I betieve Tecan speak with some slight knowl- cise of how ft operates. domestic turbulence ts in reniily a funda- “Lo say that there are people who think mental queslontng of the value system of Cart Rowan {is a bumptious, self-enamored American society, anid tasteless fellow, Tho protest of the blacks agalusé the per- “AU Chat exiimate completely discounts  sonnl effronts and Indhynllies of daily Ilo Is the color of his shin, He could be phitinum also a more general protest against the false bidna afd Che pecple bam thinking aboub Abe frequenlly Inhutiedt vaites of our lotul Wottld stil turn thinnbs dawn on him, ~~ social system. The widespread sludent an- “Many a have been blackbaHed In ap- tagontsm toward the standards of “the es- plication for membership by the Cosmos Club tablishment” represents an even broader committees, as they Rave in most private disagreement with conventional values, orbs, . . SOGIAL RENEWAL - ee peepewn tioning of values may bring about a shift in th Oe entertain et POAT ‘arl_ Rowar yho is + z cast Ron 2, WAG 3s those ideas and asuitudes that ultimately fm ee a ae ~shape the. nation.-In fact, be engaged in the most vital sorting out of values since 1776. Even our search for the we may~already Rowan has -the oder Hberal, He . 3 man relationships: between the privileged and the impoverished, between biack and white, between parents and children, If we honesty beileve, as I do, that th present young generation js not only the best educated, but also the most aware and ‘idealistfe In our history, we must be re- sponsive to its causes and complaints. The anger Of the young biecks against the built- in Inequ es and hypccrisies of “the sys- a \ P tives and anti-Com: . ' { 4s 4 stanneh -26 roots of failure at the time of the Depression ) and {ts Red hetrare was more 4 questioning of the workability exoers on Toraten a : of the economic system than a radical search novsnore nen ‘3 marrottit = npolorist for the - for ine elements of thorough-going social on tate rel Cama Beene teeny # renewal. . Sppeasement-toward-Communism policy that * : : “ ; wien EF ntemporar Feat oncern - vevallat for so long in the White House Our contemporary turmoil concerns hu and the Srate BDopartment, In 10985, Rowan was convinced, or at least Ss think he was convinced, that on's leaGers were trying very eect a peaceful settlement of the bee oO py pt uw 4 ° i Da 4% Le ra raumploned the idea that hould makes frlendly ng which done a long time ago, he contencs “ourgses and inquisi- stem" legitimately challenges the moral basis . : ar AQUUE ten Aad ete zh Joseph McCarthy” had OF SBE OIG Oreo ae cunartor unt ot on public debate of 2a large proportion of the superior un versity graduates turn thelr backs on cor- porate careerism, If many of our most crea- tive minds are turned of by conventiona Powan's work remains . opportunities, we shovid question the In- and television and in Ceitives and concepts that make the system ersistent and cediented 89: For there is no doubt that the desire to 4 Po merely oAiuent is ylelding to the impulse ai China, (When and ving took piace, Rowan 4 $s nos unreasonable to fo live In an environment that fs Hie-giving and creative. IZ most of our cities and countrysides are Increasingly unclean and ugly we should be- gin to reconsider the policies that have made them a disordered mess. Tf technology is to continue its thrust, then It must be In- : fluenced by social consideration: hs. ate bd ves Mew hast tankngicney mst wae ean ew THE VALUE REVOLUTION Co MG Me mA, Tbe ate (et arce ol nea e tece Seon ere ober an se ee es June 16, 1589 a ed slay be ye Rea eee ee oe pater mar. FLL, Air, Eofeker ° . Segre teed beaker a . re Unrest and cam se EXCESSES CF WaAR eis Cisgte DS CoS5r etete tha » econ el was tien, Tee gee weits. tne 2 we ae NMagsaa ea 22k Tae alice i & eaneer ; tis & fuccrneat Lesion OL ton's—a judgment thas the lives me a = estoring orcer ex RAW TR: mn Washinzg- and wealtt bone > ry ‘ bela ‘ a nded were excessive and mis vO & YIGt a punishing those thus demeaned us before mankind. ene Ceorey more im- We wal always need In this country all th wl uwitiiruis the fumda- kiealsm we can get, partiowsrly from our giicns these siu Sarre ask- ” youth, fer the Idealist Is more sensitive to ara nithe ci.  oratint ricral utes, Inire atinnad to the tr country is hesdine Benma: rikiistic oppor ties, Who, indsed we COUMEPY is AICGMngs, wi werce our old frauds and foilies unies . read cn article by Woe Baers ur GG ire eas reer} Gaares VUniess ue Peay = ee, fresh minds question the habits and attt- arg Udéal i the tudes of the wast? CES past? - O t..8 The value revohitioa is upon us. Tt may transform: Our lives. Those preoccupied with the selfish scramble for easy wealth, un- 4 fon we are in ing issues of the campus tur- WW 55037 Doocld: 32989551 CONGREGMONAL RECORD — Exvensions of Qs . ‘plants, 34929 merited advantage and personal ense should berame accustomed bo the well-aimicd ar- rows of thoce who have contempt fer thee aspects of American life. ‘ Tho valuc doubters will continue to scorn our efforts to define the netlonal well-being solely by Gronms National Product, fretpgint- eer loadings, auto production, or the sufli- clency of inilitary preparedness, They want to assess (and they are entlticd to raise the issue) what that product Is, what the frelght ears contain, what the relevance of individ- ual wheels Is to our mass transportation hecds, how humanism fits Into what can never regain be a stingple logistical mensuro of preprrednens, Tha thyoe Khas cane ly recopalye tha worth of the value revolution and to encourage it~ yownrd constructive channels. In can have a rofound and beneficlal influenco on our future lf lt causcs us to renew our Hves, re- vise our institutions, and reassess our direc- tions and purposes. . of . ial oe a JOINT. COMMITTEE ON ATOMIC ENERGY MEMBERS .SPEAK TO NATIONAL COAL ASSOCIATION .., HON. CRAIG HOSMER OF CALIFORNIA : IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES .- - Monday, June 16, 1969 . *. Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, Repre-- sentative JOHN B. ANDERSON and myseif had the pleasure of speaking this morn- ing to the 52d anniversary convention og the National Coal Association. -Our. respective speeches follow: Nezsozrp: A Pesce Treaty ror THe ENrrcy COMMUNITY (Remarks by the Honorable Joun B.A SON, Member, Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Ecfore the National Coal Asso- ciation, Mayfower Hotel, Washingvon, D.c., June 16, 1969) Good morning, ladies and gentiemen, I hope it isn't too early In the day to speak tO you about a serious subfecs. . _i refer to the Increasing pudlic opposi- tion, nov a Iittie of 1% wholly unreascning, ~ the construction of all electric 2 &cirle power fants, The fact that the prependerance of this cpposition has of late been concen- trated on nuclear power plants should not” be of comfort to you. who nave msce éllarws vw tr carat MNieties aesoc! win “4 ad ped rre and are he NLONT Upom Cestr * {tae ture impairs pubi nee in the met- tVE.On and nue rity of teks man in a war thes is harmful to more than nuclear power. AS @ result, coal and other fess!l-fuel hydroctiestric profests ena also have sfenivicant and growing pr regrtsto say thatthe s ¢ to Gaterisrate be improve, . I& scems that what should ba a Jegithiy.te and qulte understands corn about the cfects on the er of large power plants has been transformed in many Instanccs Into an Insfstence on pris- tine purity that refusa to recognize the need Aan Pa anltseunn storage facliities Page ee Toe Ee
ae q Py | ® ’ ' | : Pear Bile: /| Mh Oonv\ ofthe - ren He tt- - ( SAE pcb eure) _ / View, np ll fiat? 4 lice - Ca f { nev hrewl re ov”? wt) Mee “ Heer Attu de ced YA TE £200 jorbo prea. of R a beer | a, Eikeze | Hpee Eire | on uP neh hle ard cf y a —~ Dre onda Cu fc oda Tar Tp col Reqark HW S5057 Doold: 32969551 Page 220
. ~< - ‘ . ‘ 6-A GENERAL és . WASE : ‘, oe - « fmeree ; i, Hodges 4 “4964 ¢ e i years ir ' * if Congi and if . i maintali ; | Aswad Foca wee rem, The ‘ . ce wee economi. REY. MARTIN L. KING was equ - eee ‘indelible mark.’ tax cut, . tinue to . Fed 4 Hen a omy of ° : ret feared faster th Hie Wemes Heller. = J Ags dent's c JR I [ Li BEGCY|visers, 1 cey hn Bex DHTO en a! ' , state of ia & WW state 0) t rar 0 \ & is in atta ) ° NEW YORK & — The Rev.| pw 4 Martin Luther King Jr., the civ-tpaags ' -, il rights leader who became a} crease 0 ; symbol of the Negro revolution'is. rate in 1963, has been named Man of} : : nomic g the Year by Time Magazine. * ling for ¢ Time’s editors described Kingilevel. : in the announcement yesterday! q, i9¢: as the man who “dominated the ne nt > sper cent news of that year and left an IR-toe apie test Arh ee deuble mark — for gnod or if were y —_ ae oe ade . to be s» desig. tine . ad & * . > LTS ON a WIS eG Me, ow eet th be . tian concents that King has! Were made Linsel, the unchabenged 577" voice of the Negro peaple — and|erowth the disquieting conscience of the{@¢™'™ whites, the magazine said “that, #07 ta voice in turn has infused the lay an cer proved . . Negroes themselves with the fi-1S &¢ ber that gars U.eir revolution PS5Ce its true stature.” OTF a soon 5 Missing As Freighter juc: -Gollides @Ff Sweden YTEORG, Sweden (> * pote : £ HW 55097 Docld:32989551 Page 221) 0
* Mohr “Bishop "Conrad : : Felt : Gele . Rosen "> Sullivea - Tavel a Trotter zo Tele. Room ” "+ Holmes ETROLE, June 24 (UPD oo sf oats os +) Y EPRI Director J. Edgar Soon . & o jtodzy called Nogro colunta: stl . Se | [cen y. Rowan a racist while} idiscussing the Seana yi nee es ers said. wr i “Thai racist columnist, Row-p . .7 gan,” was Hoover’s response to! ‘’ ” ’ t Mee Mehr pgerueys eertemaetens ry . J . we question on who siarted the? eee oe. . TO, Fourrent dispute, which has ay . , ’ lready involved President Nix a O . 73 Ton and three former attorneys!” : (tet 4 ~ / ‘ ; " § | general. on) rn re In his Jur ml - aa Washington Daily News ; . Le dRowan accused Hoover of Oo . r+ te, The Evening Star (Washing ton) regal cavesdropping, implying . oF 7 _ _ The Sunday Star (Washington) that Negroes were being vi an ee - Daily News (New York) : iLimized, He be ang led Jove erst Sunday News (New York) New York Post ‘The New Yorks Times 2 seal wn rd 2 s 4 3 2 he foo ligent- to replace him, + th (Balti ' i - 7 Ow altimore , 1+” 2 Hoover’s comments were re- The Sun (Baltimore 1 Wo > ce iporfed by two Knight news.’ . The Daily Word . ® ne Se paper Teperiers in vne Detro.t- j . The New Lecce: {Prog Pris ptt | . 4 The Wall Sit doumeal Gaestama ‘ Guavrssas : . — rc ‘ . “ Jat wee = mae * The National Observer : . es Peerie's Yond ———___ . . . yt *  Bxamirer Gisshingtcn) 2 2 . . L Fd > . . . sf oe 2 ¢ . : . we « o, . erty o, . ' NANG EE TTI 55087 Doold: 32909551 Page 222
. a ee re me cee Oe me me ome te tee ee ee ee et Ot te ee FBI'S HOOVER CALLS CARL ROWAN A RACIST . Vera Glaser and Malvina Stephenson ‘Knight Newspapers Special Writers. Washington: " FBI Chief J. Edgar Hoover called Negro columnist Carl T. Rowan a racist Tuesday while discussing the controversy over the tapping of the telephone of the slain civil rights leader Martin Luther King. - In an interview Hoover was asked who started the current dispute which already has involved President Nixon and 3 former Attorneys General, . ° “That racist columnist, Rowan!" Hoover exploded. It was one of the most revealing glimpses of Hoover's personal sentiments since he called King "the most notorious liar in the country" in 1964, That charge, at a meeting with newswomen, rocked the Nation. Hoover also declared Tuesday that other Federal agencies had been tapping telephones all over town for years" on their own authority until the Johnson Administration camped down. In his syndicated column of June 15, Rowan accused Hoover of illegal eavesdropping, implying that Negroes were being victimized. Rowan said the phone taps ‘have moved this country far closer to a police state than most Americans realize." He branded-Hoover's long tenure as the Nation's chief law enforcement officer as dange ‘rous and urecd President Nixon to replace him immediately, Rowan was Assistant Secretary of State, Ambassador to ‘Finland and Director of the U.S. Information Agency under the Kennedy and Johnson Administrations. Doocld: 32989551 Page 223
Until now, Hoover has made no comment on the feud with Rowan which has dominated front pages in Washington for more than a week. . Hoover's fast reaction to the Rowan column came in the form of a letter signed by his long time aide, Clyde A. Tolson. Later Hoover told a reporter about two memoranda in FBI files which he said documented his claim that Robert F, Kennedy as Attorney General both suggested and authorized the wiretaps on King to detect possible communist contacts. te "Without that (the memoranda) it was just my word against theirs, ' Hoover said Tuesday. The memoranda have never been NW 55097 made public. Hoover also remarked that the main question now is who originated the idea of the King phone taps. . Nicholas Katzenbach, the former Attorney General, has accused Hoover of prodding Kennedy into authorizing the taps. That's not true, ' Hoover asserted. This put Hoover into direct disagreement with Katzenbach who said last week it was false to "say or imply that this tap was the original concept of Robert Kennedy." Both Katzenbach and his successor, Ramsey Clark, admitted however, that Kennedy authorized the tap on King's telephone on October 10, 1963, According to Hoover, King was under electronic surveillance from early 1964 until April 30, 1965. ; . Clark last week called for Heover ta resign. But Hoover, Wig received a sirong staivmnt of confidence from President Nixon at his last press conference shows no sign of quitting. He was relaxed and friendly at the interview which was conducted in a Washington restaurant where he was having lunch. DocTdad: 325989551 Page 224 eS ees
- ; Hoover described Mr. Nixon as an old and good friend. He recalled they used to vacation together in Miami during the Eisenhower Administration. 8. Since Mr. Nixon has been President, Hoover has been a guest at the White House and at Camp David. He said Mr. Nixon telephoned him before the press conference - last week, and “personally investigated" the King wiretap authorization. . Discussing his general attitude toward electronic surveillance, Hoover said he has always been opposed to unrestricted wiretapping by Federal agencies, . “He said he is opposed not only in principal but also because it tarnishes the FBI's image. a This assertion also contradicted the statements of Katzenbach and Clark, who’said he was constantly goading them to tap phones. - Said Hoover: ''Years ago I recommended that all tapping by any agency have the approval of the Attorney General. . 7: >. 1. i: J didn't want the authority. Agencies were doing it all over town. Nobody paid any attention to me on this before President Johnson." “Asked to specify the agencies, Hoover cited "the CIA, the Defense Department, the Internal Revenue Service and other intelligence agencies," "There was so much of it ¢ soms, ‘he said, “someone x ould come to me and complain. Then I would check arovnd and would find if was one of the cther acencies.™ » - a WW 5S087 Bocld: 329659551 Page 2325 " :
] Gib) - Former Attorney General Nicholas deB. Katzenbach charged last night that FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover's account of why Dr. Marlin’ Luther King’s phone was tapped is false. . . oo Katzenhach acknowledged that the wiretap was “per- sonally authorized” by then Attorney General Robert F. > a — Rennedy. "sy . “But to say or imply that this tap was the original con- ‘lception of Robert Kennedy... is false,” Katzenbach said, Former Attorney General, Ramsey Clark said in a state-} ment that Hoover's account} was unfair “because it comes! dafter Robert Kennedy and. Martin Luther King have been' murdered in the service af! humanity and are unable to! said the “selected materials’ from FBf files” released br’ Hoover were “deceptive int depicting My. Hoover 23 a ve" jlucant eavesdropper of Dr.; : : od SEVE “7° F OF EF os pip RO. An oes an mp Ey af ¢ Ho 8 ara. iH 2 P3332 DT? Fa BR IN BN Veelded. ee HH foe SLE Meese sets eed Paes te 7 Tr, ne | re PRY . py aa byes ‘a. VWsrgasr baw EK wenes 2 C1. LA ARR TEE Ce? EAS a} nd \, a ome] : e des sh a, By Fed : EB GY HX Boal #3) A a a) cm ESE! BL Nees i BUG From Ai ‘by then assistant director cf practice here, was reperted : ~ ' ithe PEI and Jia‘son man with, to be en reute to Pureto Rico In the fall of 3983, Ken he Justice Departreent Ccurt- and could not be reached. nedy agreed to pisce 2 Ip ©) ney Evans. reported a conver. The wiretapping of Dr. Ting’s Soutnera Christian: “ . on . veptane Fasjaeship. Conference phene sation betcen Ey ons and Nen-.King’s phone was d'sclosed Ene adh ry ry ua tard tors ~ on, fhe to verify or Cisprove-the FPl nedy in which the Attorney durirc Cessius Ciaz s raft suiegafions, the scurees said. General reperteDy inquired esariza heomng in Heostoa The version of (ne incident.whether tapping King’s phone and has caused angry debate ‘hat Hoover has made public ensib.e. . 2 aver the ree ef the FBI. 2 ig very .similar—eacept (hat, @ seeona was Licor ers re: bureau of the Justice Depact- bis acoount attributes the fears gvesi for tae wiretapping ait ment. a fiat Dz. King was a Merxist thorization; it bore Kennedy's ; “Ihave never authorized to Kennedy. ~ ‘signature and the date 19 due installation of teennical aice- Hoover told the Evening 63° in the lower left-hard tronic devices without author- Star yesterday that Kennedy corner. . , . ity of the Attorney. General.” sroposed tapping Kipg’s phene, An OB spokesman méce the Star quotec Hoover | 2s to discover if the civil rights clear ju response to questions saying. He said the Kin wire- eater was closely assogiated that Near would rot falx 19 tap wes stoprel April 3a, 1sA3 with Marxist ideas and had th> Post Tre tw mentas hyiore former Marxist [ouow.is. spoktots said te Ster story Presicent gohusc.t ssued an Hocver reportedly shawed.“speehe far rset” and wee order bonning the Fractice cx the Star two memoranda not comment furtner. ; lcept in national security it from 1963, The first, wriltent ew in pavete lay ‘yostigetons. ck a pee am eS Fo me ee Re . we a a Pmetye ee: Washi oi Wee VARS, auc 3 pedenegy wee —_ == a a a id ee a eee mene ~ t WW 55097 Docid:325989551 Page 226 - 4. ee bal a Other sourees who held high} - The Washington Post rd wae 2 mm set te ene exenear t t magtyget Se eertan as certiatel aaah ee ¥ {King. He (Hoover) repeatedly! ‘requested me to authorize aj IFBI wiretap on Dr. King while, jr was Attorney General, The} last of these reguosts, nenet Of which was granted, itwo days before the. murder! of Dr. King.” ° | positions in the Justice De}, partment under Kennedy saidy. the Attorney General approved)’ the tap on Dr, King only after - tthe- FBI had urged him to “over and over and over again” for two years because the FBI believed Dr. King was either a Communist or a tool of the Communist Party. Kennedy’s defenders spoke) after President Nixon strongly! supported Hoover. * Mr. Nixon told his press coa- ference Jast night that his per-; sonal check had found that jbugging “had always been ap-! proved by the Attorney Gen-! eral, as Mr. Hoover testified! in 1964 end 1985.” “i The President made it clear’ that the reeent disclosure of, the King wiretapping and the’ jeentroversy over whe wanted: il — Hoover or Kennedy — led! him io jock into the contro-| versy person Katzenbach ng tment in Nev : Myf is unsacthy cf the tra tien of the FRI de alteck in. this fasion the renviction of two men who ce.not c.flend! themselves.” During Henne J:’s first two pWeeks as ALiorney General in early 1651, the cther sauces said, the FRI came to Hen: nedy and said tha: Dr. Kiag! was deeply invelsed with tivo! imembers of the Communist! Party. | FBI representaives repeat. fed their charges fregrentiy' tduring the neat two years, ‘these sources, who held posi-! ‘tions at assistart secretary! level or ahive, sald. | } See BUG, Alt, Co 6 { Sune 20, 1959 Page 1
a w ABP op pee Aw Ree ENE, 7. LOW AM Tr On. penne ne eeneemnnene ners - ° + & fe. FT fom. Ba’ figs i ero OW: “4 5, . alee - fia Foto LEPERG eg AH tial te A sociely is never in more peril than whea the poaple lose the ability to identify a gente mer heavyweicht Loxin g champion Cassias ¢ Ciey’s effort to overiuen a five-vee ur prison ine threat te person: “liherty, senfence for his refusal te be This society is ina Jot of drafted, peril if we may juc,te from the public reaction — cr lack of it — to courlrcon adimissions of a variety of illetal FBI wire- These bug gings, which caught some Clay conversa- tions in their “net,” are buta fraction of the illegal wiretaps taps and bugaings cf homes that heve moved this couniry and hotel ragias. far clesor to a police slate offi- ju Federal Dr. Martin A dustice Departaient cial acknowladesd District Court that Luther King wes uoder elec- tronie surveiance in 1934 end 1865, and th: PRY gecnt who han most Americans ree elize. Why the bland, indifferent reaction on fhe part of most Americans? First, there is the geacral FBI justification ae sich fae- supervised ee sueveillance ties: Snctionel Se told the court “ smy un-_ derstanding tet, it went ‘Cer, “ihe sis after thet.” a thet the BE The whole trath is tha{’Dr. te wi iretig a King’s phones were terped, 4 his hotel reoms bugzed a, and be Was personally shacowed right dright up to the time he was slain ‘in :‘Remphis on April 4, 1668. ' Anofher PBI agent, C. Barry Pickett, tola the cou: l in Hous- tia curity motor e powerlil than 0d,” » for it evokes ton, Texas, that for four solid fear, end men sili surrender years he “had BRelencd ei sht [yore hings — inchiding Meer- hous a doy, five doysaveck, liy — out of fear than they co {o the easversatiens of Dijch | out of love, ‘Muh hamimncd, leader of the The puzz gling thing shout ‘Bleck Huslims. Pickett em- | Clark’s stateiasnt is that he ployed bein a teiophe ane wires acts es though he - tap end a mieren Hy nt in N Tuhainn.cd’s ! hen These cases of electronic eavesdren, 2S, wiica viclate both fedevel law and a presi- JE to hear cf buses of t% dential executive o-der, were and Apa: disclosed in a Lezring onfor- } iz a apy eee nS by 1 . : a . .? i lan : x ee, pect dae an .. i . ve fee Sy etc. A a re rs / crf “ ~ ’ aT} se ae *y, teec hth. u Ce ee . c _ j . | Nw 55037 Doctid: S2985551 Page 227 2LUOUCH . . ‘ Mohr cee @ . Bishop. qo. _- . . rf? GS SF (304 e 2 Ray oO : . lilistieg some coneressmen something when they Emiled- _- ane fe coding ailkKing ¢ emmu- the lime ore 1nen TH ee ¥e iot to. South: eeners who de- in the presidency. Yaey savy 9 episnd the civil rights leader personal fiafdons us inimical’ all hy wey of revealing “tid- to the democracy, the personal bits” picked up througa the free edcem, th at we have come lo. wiretaps and busines? ; cherish. . Was Clark unaware that cor- If it is dangerovs to have Pi nie Ata roam. . oes ; {a tin FBI ¢ Gi ig cials 1 were ream one man serve three full 1 lor MS ing “the Count uiry lee ‘king to as President, it is far more ae Spal per cditors poiscrous dangerous to have eas Inet — sigries. abevt_Dr, King and tale’ Hitcme. possession cf 2 ¥ net the. bugaings “allegedly powerful palice-investicative agency {nat preds ime the aeepest secrets of the sacs. prominent, riost hon od citi Z2ns ud | nes tees seemed ie “herr how te credit, even desirey, alruost go shout meking the FDI bend anvone. Tke kind of elcse cf ' to (2 Jaws of ihe land, and conteral for (be law ran There js a nolco-flippant fest in tha King and Muhem- assempiion in Washington that mad eavecdreppina bce J. Udcar Uoover has been FRI almost inevita 8 when a mati divecfar fox 43 years because is Icft in a key 169 as lerg as ail the recent Presidents have Hoover has beer. assiuned thal he knew tco Were Hoover @ mare much eaout hen to le ye-  thoudilful pian, or 8 con. Maced, Son vas he 1 manyett pers Rot only was he not cerned about the pracarveticn replared by any cithe young- democracy ent Feovty a on very able PRI rca in tiie pe GOMOET ACE Be PSST. a8 portcel course of {1 Mo speechs Sonen “hy h2VOUA Presitorts Johnsen a2. Nixe have | resi long roe. He have fol it vise cr canediot would not Keep wetting Prosi- : dion ult- nr tt ashte at “Diva of io waive a lew saying Beaver den's da tie Be + i es ue has reached the rociunz-chair ecding to kecp hia or ence ace. © him oul, Hoover oustat to be replaced * Jt is clear Moover Its rs —— as Fi rector —ien ediate-  jutertion of r BESO WI ER oe 2, te bond does the Prasigzet muster the a hy "As Wa shincte ng arency baods . 4 ke, Hoover y bees dena a courage to say: “Welt doo, Belloy ib ts hes vant Tut the thoy ceod end faith fy ts seryaeatl, speups2 cf this counticy Enew  Geodiye.”? . ‘yhe Aew York Times The Sun (Baltimore) The Daily Wertd . The New beats. 2 ll Vz The Wall Street Jounsal oo _ . The Niwienab CG. moro. . Peele’s World * Exaniner Gannett noo 2 ol Soames 2 ee we Pave FD gs . 7 # » tee le ARI ERNE Pale ALOE tA ENR A A Ngati tH ee oe met we
- 8 Aye Cz a Ne oe eee nore Fo LD A socicly is never in more £Xs hen the poopie lose i¥ to idonlify a genu- ine threat to pe ersonal Hberty. This seaicty is in a Jot of poril if we may judge from the _peblic reaction — cz Jack of it — {0 courlioom adraissions of a variety of illegal FBI vwire- taps and buggings of homes ra Pad i oo" 6 had Fee je adt _ a Lara i rH i p2 (ik bes RAL ho or ere mer heavyweight boxing chainpicn Cassius Clay °s effort to overturn a five-year prison sentence for his refusal to be Crafted. These bug gings, which caught some Clay conversa- tions in their “net,” are bul a fraction of the illegal wiretaps that have moved this country titillating some cardressmen end feeding | anti-King ammue nition’ lo, Soutkepers who de- spised ihe civil rights leader .~ all by way of revealing “tid- bits” picked up throu ‘ch the wiretaps and bugeing $? Was Clark unaware that eer- tain FBI Ofiicials Wore rgara- ing Ihe “Gévatry leaking to “OR ae fom 5 — Nuk & at something \ when {Loy the lime one man ra a says. £Sorve in the presidency. ‘hey saw personal fiefdoms as inimical: to the demeceracy, the personal fracdon, {hat we have come to. cherish, IE it is dangercus to have- one men serve three full terms - as President, it is far more Tirnifeil - and hotel rooms. - far closer to a police stale " newSpe Tie Cdilors poisonous dangerous {o have one mou { A Justice Department offi- than most Americans realize,  staries_ about, Dr. King and — toke lifetime possession of a { cial acknowledecd in Federal Why the bland, indifferent whal_ the Dbuggings “allegedly power ful police-investic sative i Distric % Court thet Dr. Mertin reaction on the part of most had res vealed? gency that prods inio the j Luther King was undor clec- Americans? . Ev erybody_ else in Washing- deepest secrets of the mos: i tronic surve cillanee in 1984 and _First, there is tbe general ton_ cf _any consequanee knew proming nt, ynost herar ed Citi+ i 1685, end the PDI < PRL justification for RCH lice if, ‘end meuy ¢ ectiit, hub gens and hes ts pone to diss : supervised this sur 2 tics: “national securily’"~._ no oe “seamed to know how lo credit, even ostroy, almost ; {old the court it was my un Former Attorney. General ~. go about making the FBI bend anyone. The hind cf abuse of t der Standing that it went or  Ratnsey ( Clark, who states em- * to the Jaws of the lend. and contempt for ine law man- } afler that. ; th the phatically that {he F3 TL had na , There is a ncé- -Loo-THppant fest in the King and Muhain- ' The. Wwnoe truth is tha, oat authority “to wiretap or bug’ assumption in Washington that mad eavesdropping become H King’s Pees ere he 1, Kiugy asserts inet the, im- 5 J, Edger Hoover has been FBI almost inovitable when a man his hotel suelly ) , iteht | , aie fion- {8 rat}. director for 45 years because is left in a key job as long as j in to the tare hewesal any | De Blag all the recent Presidents have Hoover hes been. iN “ hi a 4 1688 AID AY 15 outta . ee: assumed that he knew too Were Hoover a more . {Memphis on April 4, 195. still, that term national Se- much absut them to be re-  {houghtiul man, or as con- : Anether PBI agent, C, Barry curity” “is tore powerful than placed. So not only was he not ‘ j 1d th cerned about the preservation } ‘Pickett, told the cowt in Tows- “mothe rhood,” for it evokes replaced by any of the young- “eee : 1 Yoxas. thot for four solid rf. 1 7 1, inthe of democracy and liberty as | ton, ‘Texas, thet for four soil = foar, and men still surrender er, very able FBI men in the mocvecy eng Nearly as } years ho had listened eight more things — including Hber- normal’ course of things, but uggest, bo woe : hours 4 dcy, five days aweck, ty — out of feer than they do Presiden‘s Johnson and Nixon heve | resigned : 1g ago. he : to the conversations of Eich — out of love have felt it wise or expodion:  Weved not keep ; i Miuhanmed, leader of the Tre puzzling thing about to waive a law saying Hoover ere in the pout Ie ‘bind of H Black Musi ms. Pickett em- Clark’s statemont is that he hes reached the roching-chalr  ¢5¢° ding to herp iin or ease ployed b both & teleshone wire- acts as thougn Le is sur prised age. him cu . tap and a m'orennone planted — {o hear of the wirclapping and Hoover ought to be replace It is clear Hoover has no ip Muharsenze’s Lome. bugging of Dr. King. Covld as FBI director —hrmediaic- intention of restenin ine Sowhen = = Q H ayle « hara be These cases of electronic Clark_possibly haye beeli una- iy: . Coos the President muster the fa? . eevesdr rig, which violote  ware_that. “oi! ‘cle iS vere As Washinzton egcacy heads covrece to say: “ell do v “both federal law and a presi- gor"8.. tt #0, Hoover may hove dere a “EESE ay: ' Hh GORC, duntial exceutive order, were better joo than mest. "But the thou ceed and faithiul servant. tisclescd in a hearing on for- wWeopic of this country Knew  Goscsye.? t b — ‘rhe New York Tines t The Sun (Baltimore) , The Daily Worle. Lf“ - The New Desde oo " ra ft Fy ‘ fi. The Wall Street Jourral ou as 2.84 tiga ‘ ve wee . 4 . : fa ‘ a / - * 0 ** Tne National Olserver oo ; See OH Lede . Pocple’s Werld | “ Baccuner (rahi ingt n) “f . C Z ' ’ * me Sé . arn i : ate t+ wd eat Wavnan tor, be soe Ww 55097 Doold: 32989551 Page 226 . % :
. Asner ome < « . orator nani -. a OF eed a pier Gg, hopn~ 3 on is : Ls 7k fi S, ii Fr yz nen Us aD be Lass A socicly is never in more peril than when tho propte lore the ability to idnbty e se nul ine threat to persenal Hherty. This socicly is in a Jot of peril if we may judge from the ube reaction — or lack of if -— fo courtroom admissions of variety of Weal FEI wire- taps and buggines of homes and hotel racims. A Justice Department offi- cial acknowled dod in Federal District Court that Dr. Martin Luther King was under elec- tronic sur yeille -pe2 in 1964 and 1665, and the FRI agent who supervised this surveillance told the court “it was my tne, ve Former _Alt derstanding that it went after that.” The whole truth is that Dr. King’s phenes were tapped, his hotel roms bueged, and he was personally shader ved isnt up to the time he was slain ia ‘WMeinyhis on April 4, 1638. 2 Another FBI ageat, C. Barry ‘DPieketl, toia the court in Tlous- Hon, Toxes, that for four solid years ke had listened cight hours a Gay, five days a week, to the conversations of Elijah Muhammad, leader of the Black Mustims. Pickett em- ployed beth a telephone wire- tap and a miereahone planted in Muharaciad’s home. These cases of clectronic _ cavesdrepy ing. which violate “both federal law z and a presi- ential exceative order, were fisclosod in & hearing on for-_ \ I ra G rani iz re MS mer heavyweight boxing champion Cassius Clay’s effort to overturn a five-year prison sentence for his refusal to be dra fled. These buggings, which caught some Clay conversa- lions in their “net,” are but a fraction of the ile cal wirelaps that have moved this country far closer to a police slate than most Americans realize. " Why the bland, indifferent reaction on the part of most Americans? First, there is the general FBI justinicat) on for such Lue- tics “national security: re Rainsey Clark, wh 0 states em- phatica lly” thal tie Fa PBT had no, aulhority “to wirelap Gr bug | Dr, Kings? orig that © otk 2 » im- : ; tnat term “national Se- “is Thore powerful than for it evokes fear, end men still surrender more things — including liber- iy — out “of fear than they co out of love. The puzzling thing about Clark’s statement is “that he acts as though hois surprised to hear of the wir tapping and bugging ef Dr, King. Could Clark k_ possibly have been tne Ward 2 that VBI “officials. were enrity” “naotherhood,” going = ere conarmnit es CEnt partly justify- ing I.tger_approyriations by / base 0 fe. Che teed r ~ keg fos GO tititating some congressmen nd feeding antiching : amie nition: fa. Souti therners who de- Spised ihe civil rights leader -— all by way of revording “jd- bits” picked up through the wv irela ps and buegings? Yas Clark unaware that cer- tart ofticials were roam- ing__the eCountry_J leaking to newspa wet_cailors poisonous stories_ wahout_ Dr. King and what the _bug¢ings 3 allegedly had revealed? Everybody. else in Washing- ton “ef any conse: rence knew it, and meny deplored it, but no one “seériied to. know how to ierney General. go about making the FBI bend > to the Jay, vs of the land. There is a nol-too-flippant assumption in Washington that J. Edsar Hoover has been FBI direclor for 43 years because all the recent Presidents have assumed that he knew too much ehbout them to be re- placed. So not only was he not repluced by any of the young- er, very able FBI men in the normal course of thin gs, hut Presicents Jon a3 3641 and Nixon have felt itv, 2 or cxpedient fo waive a law sayine Hoover has reached the rocking-chair age. _ foewer ought to &b s FDI director ~ @ repise i Set pprsbesicreyr tice ‘ “AS Washington agen go, Hoover may have din2a bet tier j ob than most. Bul the weople of this country luow f’ -q 7 Mohr . . Bishop oe _ 1a -" ; something when they limi! ed: the lime one men misht serve’ in the presidency. ‘ihey saw personal fiefdoms as inimical: to the democracy, the personal frecdom, that we have come to. cherish. : If it is dangereus io have one man serve three full terms . as President, it is far moro dange TOUS to have one men take liftime possession of a powerful police-iny estigativ & agency that procs info the deepest secrets ot the mos: promincnt, most honored citi- zens and has fie. peter to Cises redit, even destroy, almost anyone, The kind of abuse of and contempt for the Jaw man- Hest in the King and Muham- med cavesdrepping become almost inevitable when a man is left in a kev job as long as Hoover has-besn. Were TLoover a more thoughtful man, or as con- cerned about {he preservation of democracy and }Hberty as his fpe 2cchas SUgsest, he word hay zd jenz ago. He Ww wid not “heey putting Preai- Gens in the political bind of ceeding te kuep Nini or esse han oul, It is clear Heover has no inter{on ef resignins. So whon eses the President muster the courage to say: “Well dane, thou geod and faithful servant, ‘rhe New York Times The Sun (Baltimore) The Daily World The Now be atis The Wall Sreet d-urnal The Natio al Cl server Peaple’s Werld Fea miner Geashis ote) | NS Ay
NG “Fritoy, June 6, 1909, [THE WASHINGTON POST? _ , Cassius Clay acknowledges a greeting from aowfotander _” a8 he leaves Federal Court building in Houston.The hearing is reviewing his conviction for draft-evasion. NW:55097  Doeld:32989551" 1 ‘Mads Ai Say toe? NR er Wire ire! ap) ; “June 5y Justice Department ‘untit Clay appealed his. 1967 conviction. ; Clay: then received the “maxi mim “sentence ‘of, fiv e years ind pr json-and.a $10, 006 ‘fines : | Pickett. said, he monitored). conversations ‘of Elijah Mu- hammad while working as a Tex. . HOUSTON, - (AP) — An FBI agent testified a in. the Cassius. Clay’ wiretap hearing today..that telephone ‘conversations of Elijah Mu-|2 “ hammad, -head of ‘the Black “Muslim sect, had been moni- tored by. Federal agents at . least four years. .- , clerk in the FEI office in .. Similar testirnony Wednes- ‘Phoenix, Ariz. ‘from -1962 to! day indicated that Dr. Martia!jgge" ° one ee: Jr, -the civil rights Jeader, had -beeh under f vlectronies surveillance’ from 1964, until his death in’ 1968. _ The hearing was, ordered by the U.S. Supreme Court to de:|. . .termine whether the Wiretaps] Jaffected the trial’ in’ which. Clay was convicted of refusing to be inducted into the Army. The ‘former heav yweight ! -boxing ‘champion: ‘cofitended | the was -a Black} iuislim rhinis- ter and thus exempt from mili-: Luther King “Vou ‘spent :four vears of /your Vile lis ening to conversa- tYons.of-the leader of the Mus-| lim: religion?” Morgan asked. ° “Yes, sir? ‘Testimony Wednesday indi . cated-the three Black Muslim! conversations had been moni-|}- tored in-Phoenix.: Pickett testi-} fied that. he had .prepared. a; iMarch 24, 1964, sump ry of a| convérsation between > Clay] fand. Elijahh Muhammad, ‘The! ‘Black Muslim leader was: qnotey tary duty. " ed as advising Clay to Heep ‘Agent C. Barty Pick sett. of quiet: after telling him he | : Jacksonville, Fia., did not givehvouta make a better minis ter! the specific reasons. for the than ichter  - - 7 surveillance of Elijah ae . ructions oye ere’ to} : mo1 conversations ‘both inj? Si ihe: “home. and by tclephone: i “notes of conversa! -~Char “jes” Chief couns sel, sought: ‘and. make “edly ta obtain spe ecific ions. by Elijah Mukammad.” «but Pickett i ta : chet: Said. “TD recerded -all si ructions were: general. l conversations I heard but pre- “Iam trying to prove he hadinared only pertinent’ facts ‘to specific instruction “to -obtair 0. ‘into the log? y sinformation on he Fe : 1 tained the informa. beliefs of this ironic Morgan told. . ced, Court Judge Joe Ingrahan eS i Summa aries of four taped | kett said only summaries i involvi i conv ersailons . re lays Iwere prepared on each cons FOL: O° , ;were “to: istex? Tor Teant to. the ca lingon
: § . . . - fe oe | oe ; an a | my hendguart ters issued a’ ee . tee ant late Wvidexuxefor: . en ee Moore s testimony be res iar ise subcommitice on ; re i sppweprations in the years. - ) 7 Ss : er a SG o throush 12466. . . . . ao oo an testified then that oo 4 -¢ authorized in | rand jn writing by the. Ne | Attorney General then in “of 0 . ; Jeparimient , ; Z| sf : ter med Jloover's se _ | Jormer | Altoones Seccuraie dt Cvery “ - , wk said he required the - ; ‘that white he headed the Jus- 493). over whom he was the “j lice Departmen, i superior, to give him > vo authorization ; hree months a ii of : abt sug the Rov. Dr. Martin. Lu soln an als Oe clectrgnic i ther King dr. The we . Jn an interview, Clark : eThe dp allon {hat thought Dr. qi threat i are Pelt . 4 . - cts ro tion { acted with jou pai U Fe 4 ; i H | i ee tied ! a { {. - 4 H i ; H i ‘NW 55097. Docld:32589551 Page 231
a a Cr a Pt 4 ate be nan tema 4 FRI headquarters issued a . Statement late Friday refer. . ' . rv ° : “aes ying newsmen to Director JT 7 . le moot “hakar Hooyer's testimony be- ne oan PN. fore a House subcommitice on . rhe ¥ appropriations in the years : . 1965 through J&68. oo . Hoover testified then that . anes STW he taps all were authorized in, elk doe. v we YE advance and in writing by the Atlorney General then in’ of fice, A Justice Deparimeat) spokesman termed Hoover's Vormer Atlorney Ge neral tes SGmons “eecurate jn every - . _ | Ramsey Clark said yesterday ‘Clark said he yequired the “ _ . ee while he headed the Jus- FBI, over whom he was the : mo, ; Vee Deparimen., the PBY had-nominal superior, to give him ‘ . ae ; no authorization to wiretap orjevery three months a aud of . - oe bug the Rev. Dr. Martin, Tat lindividuals under clectrénic + . . surveillance. : jther King Jr. * “. J The names of Dr. King and In an Inflerview, Clark said: 2 luhianniad never appeared’on | “Nicholas C. Chriss Los Anietss Times By Neation thet ‘such a list, he,said. we 4 ru abe he im p - though i Dr. Ring was a_socur tv threat ere oulragcous. Ca also cone That he art’ ; . oo. Clark’s statement raises the Loot, . _ J question ef whether the FBI ; . : ‘+4 acicd without authorily in con- . . ; ducting electronic surveillance . . . . of the two Negro leaders while . , Clark was in office. If also “ _ {Suggests that the FDL imay . have viet ted Urs in » Exec: : tive Order hy Prosiguunt Jatin. rovidns thal no vive . “ S04 ben ae Weer fe : ae ©. a comes ol oo” . - Cray cf Isis vo ve Cis ot Ly Vay ne VA / (aa , faet | Soh ae five fe ¢ o° . * Clay contends that Vi Ce veadvapaing on his conversa. . fn - tions whh D " Feing and xine b a . Nanya we mt, wah Nin ca EN ietdon Or ~ / atihat J iinc’s * ae ee em to nt ere mo (et ne iy -—F on ~ a > ny cantineed und the nasaash natoy date, Nichols nacded. . E | - * NW 55087 Docld: 32989551 Page 232
yarters issued a e Bridax_refer- to Director J. rt sar Noor en's teslimony hbe- fore a House subcommiltee on appr Gpriations in the years . . 1665 through 1968. : { Hoover testified then that the taps all were authorized in, advance and in wriiing by the : Allorney General then jn of "| . : | Nicholas C. Chriss fica, A Justice Depariment - Los Anketes Times * ispokesman termed Tigover’s Former Attorney General tostimany “aecurate in every : an Ramsey Clark said yesterday respect” : ie . Lo. Clark said he required the . . a “{thal while he headed the Jus: pj, over yhom he was the . . ; ilice Departmen., the FRY hadtnominal superior, to sive him ; . Ino authorization to wiretap orjevery three months a list o . ; co - big the Rev. Dr. Mavtin_ Ly individuals under electrcnic . reo {surveillance. Oo . . . ; ither King Jr. te, | The nan nes of Dr. King and - . { In an interview, Clark said:}3 uhianmad never pppeared’on .t “The implication that peop? 3ejsuch a a list, he, said. . oe thought Dr. Ning was a securi- . “ . ty threat are entragcous.” . ne . Ciark also denied that he . ever had authorized the PEI to . : . bug or wiretsy Dijah Ale. hammad, leader of the Black Mushins. . : . Clark’s statement raises the rr, question of whether the FBI . "4 acied without authorily in con- re dudiing electroute surveillance! . . of the (wo Negro Ieaders while . . Clark was in office. Jt also “ oo suggests that the PBI may . 22 sige . have vielried the i€45 I'xcou- ot tive Order by President Jshn- a son providing that no wire . ‘ : . tapping “shall be un dertaken or continued without first ob- laining the epprovel of thé . ye wad ’ See enna ww nan te a 3 maser See uae “Sle firs : f. ate - . Crucial elk aera t ‘ we dita « z ~ oF 28 mS ~ xy bed Anata # st eens hee eonanee me ot, s- J > . : : . . a ‘ . « Cr ! te Ly. o f £8 4) refi con | eB weber (Fs : Ciay contends that VB cavestrap ping an his conversa. : tions with Dr. King cand: Mus ~f —é cy wiped (lhvtod Bh oa oo ER / ch Ghe “hii Gan that Del ' . \ . ye Bes oa 4 oe veya? oh limes , 5 ah t f wee Sate \ at ne re | tap cantinued wal hoe acs ated E ne PYLE plane Ws tnoped {rota ’ ! a ? ; maton date, Nichols nadded, } : | ! HW 55097 Doold: 32989551 pe
~ ‘sy ' &D Sot vA Co ee . Foye ~y Pe 2) ryry ff i Not tot tof ‘ i ove t por cof > re j \ sy af | i | | y nc eet # Nourse od bd bod pe LORS pee eset ah ae? SE OU free 2 Lee The Eveaing Star Newspaper Co.) By JERMLAL OLESRY Sar Staff Writer FBI Director loday Cisclese . y then Atty. Gea. Rone: Buniegy | fe FRI Ras Vets : - [ - | - [ 7 — / : ~ tro? Pons ¢ PISNoEEE Pat bad Ne dh or oe 2, Edgar Hoover cd thal wirelap- iug of the Rov. Martin Luther King's telephone was propesed / ve the ar Be EO CUE GF iKen- me Pe . Vow . some pat “ST fen aber STL FOL hes ; . . ~ roe aay | ‘ * . ke . . ae . mae Bs Nae ante the kureag ta prs- | Get. 16, sod, few aie fe Bete as aa Kennedy initicted the idea fur | the tap in a conversation with 1 Covrisey lvans, then atsistant dircelor cf Cie FEI 1 and lisfson officer beeen the gaerey opt tle Colle dae Piles dab oe told Vag Star t Gay. HW 55037 Doold: 32989551 Me tance pans Ne OLE . ry a4 net . wate - se oe, oy et Sse, a oe a ae - Tone, nan, aes a baa, } 1 @ [roy H Sevens eat: i e » nace, Memorandum Cited he FBI has a : memorandum in its files fron ' Hoover said Evans lo Evover, 1923, Evans rey ated that Ken- nedy said Le was concerned adout allega Bishop. Casper Callahan Conrad Felt Gale Rosen A gs, Sullivan ty ves. _ Tavel * - “4 a sae oo, ¥ ra 7) U oy Trotter seems | wai Set GE LU# 7 Tele. Room WAN we Holmes Gated in June, . a-sindent end believer isi, Kennedy, accardi fiors that King was in Mary. g to the ita ate Gandy ——_--____ wee — ‘ : SP “i LF i room 4 a . j _ i i ; . . . Nid IX. oS) Pd un Soh Evans meiorancum, expr ressed concern thal Marxism rajeht in- pirate the race issue in the Uniled States because of leaders hin of Necre ces theewes his Southern Christian Leador- ship Conference. Evans reports: in the mena to the FBI direstor, Hoover said, ‘that the etlorney general was alarmed by aMezed “associ ations | betwee on King and a New , af wt . . "at cose Seedy Vee a Ree ob ee aon + “eon {9 Mn ye toa cl tere were techa'cal Gi: culties in installing such covices im ihe case “af the Neozro leader be- cause he was a man wl2 wes [ence comsianiiv travel ' i Jirevoy pote ihe hid atheg elt ined tlectrunie 2 2 CERES of possinla poHdecsl rcperets- cious. . Page 234 The Washington Post Times Herald The Washington Daily New 2 s — The Evening Star (Washington) 2 The Sunday Star sr (Washington) Daily News (New York) Sunday News (New York) — New York Post The New YoR Ti ee i. : a The Sun tse ores en ee The Worker 2. ee The New Leader wo oe The Wal Strloet Journai oe ee ee People's World — OLI-G2 Date
a < ~ o ® - - eo. - On October 7, 1933, however, ; following subsede ant digcussions " : ; i Iloover said he sent a memo- “§ . “3 randum t oike Altorncy General te 13 in which he reported that, it was é- i tow {echnically feasible to apply i im a telephone wire tans te King’s H 3 telephone at SCLC “headquarters : ; 8 in Atlanta, Ga., and at an_un- ; 3 nam edaddress in New York : rs City. ‘This was, in effect, a i. 3 reanest for authorization 0 pro- 3 geed, the director said. “i : Fa t 3 Dated October, 1963‘ i a ~ That Tloover memorandum i. “¢ bears the signature of “Robert oo 2 r, Kennedy"! in the lower lefi- i i ss herd earner over the hend- : roy written dale 16-10-63, Beeler ee 5 Bae Pores we Joover made the bombshell SEN, ROBERT F. KENNEDY disclosure today as the climax é to a Jong series ef charges and PMLA BPM counter-charges involving Jus. nd tice Dopariment officials, the 5 vg PBI and Star columnist Carl i 4 Rowen over the manner in : F - which the conversations of King t 4 vere inlercepted aud taped by 3 . i the Bureau, be ‘ | Rowan cherged in a column ‘ f nae i Sunday that the FBI hed no i Jf _ i authority to wirelap om but Dr, i tal ; King’s conversations and quote H , i former Attorney General Ram- i ™ ; sey Clark as saying “the im- x plication that pegple ‘tho ught Dr, f ae . ; . King was a security threat is i ewe 2 j ollirageous.” { ‘ wae i 3 The following day, Asseciafs * , poe! i . FBI Director ‘Clyde A. Tolson : * re: 4 ’ wrote a letter to Rewen in * a. 3 3 which ha stated that the official at Bent he rn ‘ wiretapping CR Rink hed the ad- J. EDGAR HOOVER | vance apvrovel of Kemmeie 7 i « » : 7 io. i ? a. t 3 3 : 4 “ > . f MARLON EVAtER LING HW S5057 Doold: 32969551 Page 235 . . pt