HW 450955 SECRET Ag Chile represents an inviting opportunity for the Communists to take power legally. 1. The present outlook: is that there is at least an even chance for election of an_ anti-US, Communist coalition government in 1964, ‘The Communist party, legal in Chile, is a " small but influential factor in the organized opposition to President Allesandri'’s con- servative government. ‘The Communists effec- tively control the left-wing coalition of Communists, Socialists and National Democrats. Socialist Senator Salvador Allende is this -coalition's presidential candidate in the 1964 elections. He was defeated by only a narrow margin in the 1958 election. This coalition has increased its popular sup- port since 1958 by advocating wage increases and social reform projects vetoed by Ales- sandri on orthodox economic grounds. B. From the Soviet point of view other Latin Ameri-~ - can countries also appear to be drifting in the right direction, - DoclId: 32205164 5 SECRET Page 6
HW 50955 DoctTd: 32205164 SECRET In Brazil an increasing number ‘of leftists have been appointed to positions of impor - tance in the government. The government has recently been loosening its traditional ties with the United States and has shown signs of heading into the "neutralist" camp. Its dire economic straits make it a likely target for expanded Bloc economic exploita- tion, Bolivia has been controlled by a leftist movement since the sweeping revolution of 1952. The government continually shows favoritism to Communists. Vice President Juan Lechin, recently made Ambassador to Italy, has maint®ined ‘liaison with the Com- munist party over the past year. He is a leading contender in the presidential elec- tion to be held in 1964. | | In Argentina the extremely unstable politi- cal and économie situations provide an ideal atmosphere for the type of coalition maneu- vering in which Soviet-influenced Conmunists engage, ~G— SECRE Page 7
HW 450955 SECRET V. Direct Soviet interest in Latin America is clearly increasing. A. An excellent example of this was the setting up early in 1962 of a Latin American Institute in the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. lL. Docld: 32205164 The avowed purpose of this institute is to raise the study of the problems of Latin America, which in their own statements the Soviets claim they have neglected, to the highest possible level. Teaching of Spanish and Portuguese languages is to be stressed in the institute and through- out the school system. A list of subjects on which this institute intends to publish shows that it is to be used to attack the Alliance for Progress; it has already attacked the Alliance program in - Colombia--a showpiece of the Alliance. We have been reliably informed that posters have been placed in some Colombian universi- ties referring to the problems of the "“na- tional liberation and workers' movements in Latin American countries” as topics which will be studied by the institute. Results of these studies will be published in the “om Fox SECRET Page &
HW 50955 SECRET near future in a magazine called America Latina, intended especially for distribu- tion in Latin America. 5. A pamphlet, apparently to be distributed by the institute, and entitled Alianza para el Progreso, will in the words of its heralds, “unmask the economic expansion of the USA" in Latin America. 6. The institute expects to enter into close contact with the principal Latin American Scientists and academicians during 1963. VI. One of the most important Communist assets in Latin America is large number of Bloc diplomatic and Cuban missions. These missions are used to further Com- munist subversive activities even in countries where there are no Bloc diplomatic missions. A. AS can be seen on this map the USSR, and in some. cases some Satellites as well, have diplomatic missions in Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. The USSR maintains relations with Bolivia but has no resident mission there, Cuba maintains em- bassies in Mexico, Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Chile. The Chinese Communists, of course, have no diplomatic ties in Latin America except with © -8- SECRET Boclda: 322705164 Page 3
HW 50955 SECRET Cuba. That fact alone would make Cuban missions important to the Chinese. Only Seven Latin American countries--Chile, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Paraguay, and Peru--have no official ties whatever with any bloc country. Uruguay offers a good example of how the Commu- nists misuse diplomatic missions and the impor- tance the Communists attach to then. 1. We have found that Communist Subversive ac- tivities in Uruguay are not now aimed at pro- “moting revolutionary activity against the | government. In this case even the Cubans appear to be much more interested in retain- ing the good will of the government so that they can continue to use the country as a base of operations against Argentina, Para— guay, etc. | 2. Communist diplomatic missions, however, are active in supporting local Communists and other pro-Castro groups to retain enough leverage within the country so as to pre- vent the anti-Castro groups from forcing a break in relations. The badly split Uru- guayan government itself is anti-Communist, ~9- SECRET Boclda: 32705164 Page i0
tee SECRET but is highly tolerant of the activities of these missions and of the Uruguayan party itself. 3. The USSR, most of the Satellites, and Cuba all have diplomatic. missions in Montevideo-- some 70 or so bloc personnel. In addition, couriers and travellers can go back and forth between this city and the bloc coun- tries and Cuba at any time. ~10- SECRET HW 350955 Docld:32205164 Page 1i
HW 450955 SECRET DRAFT BRIEFING NOTES 18 February 1963 I. Il. LII. CONCLUSIONS I should like to conclude with a word of caution. Some of the information I have given you is al- ready public knowledge, but I have attempted to include as much pertinent information as I can without jeopardizing valuable assets and important operations. We are working with the Department of State to de- termine how much of the information available to uS can be made public through some appropriate channel in order to make plain the Cuban threat to Latin America. In the case of certain informa- tion from clandestine sources, we are attempting to manipulate it to the surface without exposing our agents. We have informed our stations of the importance this government attaches to exposing Cuban operations. I am sure, however, that you gentlemen can realize the sensitivity of information which comes from high-level penetrations of Communist parties, and the vital importance to the United States of con- tinued protection of these men. ~lil- SECRET BDoclda: 32705164 Page 12