13-00000 ey 3, Murdag moot foul? The Conestracy that eurdered President Reonsézt 273 weeetiong and snewers, les dngeless Buruag of Iataraetienal Reletione, 1967, teeident and Netien’a Jeuraey." Resomstructioning, 13 Decauber 1963, pe 3. herd. The Kennedy Curse, New Yorks Belaont Books, 1969, reasonable dé eee 25 November 1966, pp. 38-4834, %& - . . '. Your Dark Daya ta History: November 22-23, 1963. Los Amgelesi ‘The author, 983. . ou, “Hevesber 22, 1963." Progressive Magazine, Dacesber 1964, ley, “What They ere Saying.” Jintener, 28 Neveuber 1961, po 068, some 8. Bubletia from Dallas: the Preatdeut f@ Dead. Hew York: Exposition Prese, 8 e.- mae R, “The Ascassinatice Industry: A Tentative Checkliet of Publications oa be Rurdet of President Joh ¥, keonedy.° American Book Collactor, Sumer 1966, itye “After great paing a formal feeling,” Aeerica, 14 December 1963, p. 764, — A wreorien; Join Pitegeraid Kennedy, Weahingten: Ewenign Star Newspaper Co,, 9636 | . 7 Re “Pacis, Wevenber 22nd, 1963." Jmugrulete Heart Crusader, Neveaber=Daceaber 964, pp. G9, ide shores la Mort de Ransedy: L'émorique davant Glie-Hews,” Etudes; Revue wathoique d'ineéret ghogral, 1964, rivia, “The Curious Testiecny of Me, Givea,” Yesse Oheerveg, 13 Auguat 1973, Be Lik? ; fotea for new investigation.” @aquire, Dacember 1966, pp. 2114+, “On Closing the Boore, Not opening Them; of the Liatt of the Varras Taveatigation.®- fhe Hisarity ef Ona, July-August 1966, pp. 29-32, Post Aseagaination Credibility Chasm. ‘he Minority of Ona, Merch 1967, pp. 21@ e2, . . “a Paychiateist's Retroactive Clairvoyance.” The Hinocity of One, June 1966, pp. 2m27, ; “Wheels with Deals: Mow the Kennedy Inwastigation Waa Organised.” The Hinority of Gm, July-August 1968, ap. 23-37. of pinion.” Sefence Digest, February 1967, pp. 39-36. . piieerion of wewipsper sicrofile chronteling eventg of the sesesaination of Job F_Hcanady, Rovesber ti-ie, 1G), Clevelandi Bell and Wovell Cox, Hicro Phote— diviaion, 1964, . ; » Ravold, “Sroadcast ve, Sowrese of Information in Emergent Public Crises: the Presidential Ascasainaten,” Journel of Broadcasting. Spriag 1964, pp. 147-156, LE. .“Schoes of Dalles.” lluetrated Londen Neva, 66, ao. 1709 (1963), 868= 870, ~ "Alatery ee Tragedy.” ZIjustrated London News, 66, ao, 1707 (1943), 766-768, o Iva. “Ssapjperski Hatak na Savijest Aserike.” Vjeonik wu geijedu, 27 Novem bee 1963, p. 604, ; : Tho je whio Kennediyja, Zagreb: “Starneet,/ 1967, bo. dmarike je Povela leteagu nad Same Sobon.” Borba, 1 Decauber 1963, pp. 29 », . : : “Stravicna Hroatha 22, Novesbra.” Borba, 24 Revenber 2963, “Rbijen Predsednik SAD Deon Renadi.” Forba, 23 Nowewbdr 1963. : and S, Lynd. “Seeds of Doubt: Some Qunstiona About the Asseseiaation.” Rev Srevdlte, 21 Oecesber 1963, pp. 16-17. ¢ ’ fail, “Zaigme de la Dallea df Semele ai 4i fatrevare.” Pentru Aparares Pacts. iveesber 1966, ep. 1922, dubs photos and Seraye of autopsy.” Nevaveck, 14 Howeuber 1966, pp. M-3i. l. “New Laqeiry needed: questioas concaruing the asssssination.” Kev York Times - Magazine, 25 December 19663 & Jnauray 1767. — : La “Tragedy.” 0,5, Neva and World Report, 2 Decesber 1963, po 4. :, ', HR. “Cepstal Ball: Condensation fron Gift ef Prophecy.” Readegte Digest, july..1963, pp. 235-242, ; : : hd stories concerning the Death of a President by YW, Manchestar.” U.S, News and - Morld Report, 30 January 1967, p. 36 € fan, Aaganaination: The Oeath of Prenident Joha f, Reanedy, New York: New Anerio ean Library, 1943. ‘tpht. rho Ney: This feing the Day in Nawether the vord fre Daliaa wen Weard in faced (are Hew fork: Athenews, 1965, (, Palcaia, “A New Kennedy Theory.” Wow Stateswn, 18 Nowerber 1966, ps 735, “vepnrt from Hesles on Beaction to John Kennedy “e Tragic Death,” Cathoi ie Kregearer, § December 1961, p, 12, ; oo . National Broadcasting Coupeny. ¥, fonden Coue “the Nations: How Sorrovfal Bad,” time Revesiee 1963, pe teen o 1h Welson, Marsy, "If Reenedy hed Surviveds Mite tn Bespizeter Wight Have Bees Ble Fete,” fozelee Tees, 7 June 1966 ae 39, “New Assassination theory: theory of Je Thompece.* 27 Bowesber 2967, pp. B=! "Rew coaflict ever essestinaten,” 0,8, Hewe ond Wortd Repsre, "Hew Age ow * ohn weetaationt @ ageret agent’s atery. ts fear eed vers Repstt Me é ‘ BPs @ ® Rermma, Alfred, The fisanssination of Joho p, fennady, the Reason Uhy, Sew York, Nichols . pe neen N, Potter, 1970, , e Dre ®. “Prasident Kennedy's Adpenals.” JAMA, Notes and coment,” Hew Torker, 1 beceabe 3963, a 28 Sedy 38615 wre 125-830, “Novasber 22, 1963, Ballas: Fhotes by Hine 8 yetenders,.” Life, 23 Reweuh: je “How the Trumpet Summons Agalece” Business Veek, 30 Noses 1363 PRs eae me “* “Now the U.S. gate JFK aut ® i opey.” U.S, News end World Report, 14 #, orien oe avesber 1966, 9. Gi, ° 3 oil. “the Life end Useth of Kacnedy,# Rew Statesman, 71, wo. isis (1966). Cement g ove Blee but hie.” Bew Stateenan, 30 $s O'Toole eptember 1966, pp. 479-481 o Dissiemee Ke "Mourning ¢ President.” Borchiatrie Quarceriy, 40 (1966), 73% "Os the Par Rights the Aseassia a ; . ation." Commonveal, 27 December 1 . o eee eutetiog ef Contemporary History.” atlantic, March 1967, ede 7 atin noreal cintigterte Phare His. 10 july 1564, ppe 26-31, - a suave . Lid ry 8 : Ae ee Pacha, Vi 2 cla, Vicente Wate Campaign did it.” “Weckiy Graphic, 25 Dacenbar 1963, pp. 2, 3, Peater-Downea, Hollie, “Leteer fron Lendon.” few Yorke fi fo 7 prerias ie Coup do. Dalles.” Hew Statesnen, $ Dacsaber 1963 a aie 19820 Phe 196-298, avlach, Alezendar vone "Jacqueline Kennedys daa leben einer Witwo.” Storm Megenine, § ; GP. e ‘ “Pathologtet Sleuth Ba Kesne . opens dy Contravea 1968, pp. 234500 atthe Free Bi T 22625, 1963," zy 25 Jan Phelea, 3. "Plot te Rill Reonady? Bush ll gene Saturday Bveniag Pe “Pilgeinages te Gren’ oF Peestes a nuit or ee : rave of President . 23 er 1966. ne Rannedys Shadow 3 ety of it, dewigh Frontier, Decesber 1963, p. 3. Poueranta, Gerlocte, coup, The Mood of the Nati is New Yorks Mersieg ond Museeld, 1966, .] uggeste JK suffered from Addinon's e412 Caat Over ite douse,” The Tis . . & Portrait ef a Psychopath,” Newsweek ie December 1963, pp. 82-84 Possony, $.7. "Clearin th fing the adr. National Revetw, 9 Peb cmanske, A. “Precas 6 Dallas.” cite libre, april 1964, pp. 2028," Use “President Aegassinacad & i fed London Revp, _, aarti by a Gu at Delias,” Lliveces ed a 30 Bovesber 1963, > resident. Kenneds erase aattde” The ieee 23 Novesber 1963, p. 8, . i eanedy tg eture). rf ~ritelese Rows srios mecen eee Tine, 29 Rovexb or 1963, pc at Mules Cisene descctare te ® emnve ek , ember 1963, p. 36, t af tussseinatéoa Theories,” Require, Deceuber 1966, pp. 208-210, ® 2 are Ge Cenne. ® a ae ee inate J en tedes ewe dete les, Madeide Ranks @f al., compa, The Aasaeeination of President Kennedy, London: Cepe, 1967, Marcus, "Rush e¢ Judguest."" Yale Lew Reveiw, January 1967, pp, $8039 * - "Reaction tn the Se r “Reaction to Eilttess.® Heveveck, 16 Decesber 1963, p. 27, Sc@ance News Letear, 7 be r, ? Decenbe e : . action prone neateteation; excerpte frem reporte te catetn ot apy °g pondeote,” Chriatian Cene » 8 (1963), 16 8=1629, “rn : 8 _ “Report from the Fei," Nevaveek, 23 Recexbar 1963, pp. 19-20 rT are : ‘ fey Meorey, Jone ra dde nye et wlsenns Je hella flor nacious! da Guatenala a ie aemo ' cist oe Reckoner eee fadoe Unidos de America, senor Joho FP, Keonedy, Gua | Roberts, ¢..° * :  Roberes’ Sar Eyewitness in Dallas,” Nevaweek, § Deceshar 1966, pp. 26-29, é les YW. Th Sarererr ; Robertéoni AL "Maeda s_feyth fba EWES Angassination, New York: Groamat and fumten woes
13-00000 1, Vo "No tins for enllective gullt.® Daf, Beve snd Yorld Revert, 9 tesmber | - 63, po 72 te bey the repert oa Kesneidy Assassination," 1,5, Neve end Vorld Resort, 12 Octo~ te jocrecnts’ I conversation with Mack Lane end Eafle de Antoals," Jil Comment, 967, ppe 2u18, : iZ. sertrean ig sehen on the Asgannination, Passaic, Red, God, anes, i, F. “Doubts about Dallas, National Review, 6 Saptesher 1966, pp. 887— 6 Martie £, Blo-bthite of the Kennedy Paatiy, Nev Yerki Starecrov, 1969, yan, Mikhetl. "baikes Wee Toss why?” Sputaik Moathly Digest, June, August, e & e " 1971, | *f Pierre &.6. "With Kennedy.” Good Howsebaeping, August 1966, pp. $767, 1358, | * 1606168, 170, 172, 174, = aad Sander Vanocur, eds, A Tribute to John P, Kennedy, Chicago: lneyelopedia & wry, Marinas Be mig tag Eannady?* Prngreauive Hagazine, Revenber 1966, pp. He - 39 z. and d. Vickey, “Resolutions ef the tibaral Dlleqma in the Asesseinatios of Prasic ” deat Kennedy.” Journal of Penornte » Deceaber 1965, pp. 636-6486, Neve os ‘Atsuyuki, "Hew Light on the Acaassination: A Seeret Agent's Story, 228,,Nevs and See, rune 1264, Lender, '9 Moveaber 1964 pps 6-13, ing. Hew Leader e . "“Sacteroghen,. Roane) ong nate ee ErethAnBthiph3dl Keonedi. Banguok, 1964, nest inger,: Arthur Me, Jro “A Eulogy: John Fittgeraid Keanedy. Saturde, Evening Pest, 14 December 1963, PR. W8I32A. &, Sister m, Sermadette, comp, The Trumpet susmena HScceJohp FP, Keenedy. Wew Yorks Vantage Prase, 1964, ber, FoR. ond H, Herem, "Nevesber 22, 2961, @ Peychisteie Evaluation,” Science Dinest, ry othe : W-6] . : r Rt eae marae t Sitsea Fil~-agentes, Dalles nach dea Kenn edy-Hord,” Der a @ Spflegel, 17 (1963), 76, . len, feathis. “fer song von Dalles," Die Zeit, 19 (1964), p. 2 : Prizer of Assassination Theories,” Ea ute, Hay 1367, pp. 10g ¥o leas Tragedy,” Saturizy Evening Pose, 14 Decesher 2963, pe 19, Nael, Kennedy, euepusni, latambyl: Silgia Tayinlart, 1967, ‘ Tdow Oe yatur maned rotahe Kenedt, Tel Aries Me Jwereky, 198 . ‘oud end What Th Can Teach Wa.” Life, eceuber o Pe be ; oe Grassy Knoll” Photographic-snalyeis shows 26 New Evidence,” Time, 26 May 1967, peo 21, . * dey Pewt 26 Decenber 1963, p. 26. “Tobaet Levis SRS Reloeete Question,” Snturd Feviev, 14 Deceuber 1963, p, 23. 1 Nop dt. “Mena from @ Dallas citizea,” dock, 24 March 1964, pp, Peate . wot That Changed our Future.” Tiee and five, 28 al 1963, p. ° L. “Dealey Plaza,” Holiday, Nevenber 19€3, * loternational {a.d3 The Murder of the Young Pregident.. United Prese Wtlies k PEOPLE be Congenauat the stery behind the Kennady senest ination, Weahingtons L Aeant Gard4, 1966, he ination, Washington: L'avent - *o Allee Story: free the eftesnfra of the Kennedy Aseaaa 2 Garde, 1968. 2 The author (a,dd Georga W, Why Did Thew saranainate Prasidunt Fennedy @ au faodd lt Meatery of the Ming ine Franes,” Bewnwcek,  Pebrusry 1967, 9. at (1964) 153 AenvraLee ton Unteravche Kennedy-actendat. Palizet-Polizet-praxie, § ® Phe 2 Theodore €. “Rennedy," Look, 10 August, pp. &0=$0; 24 August, Pe het AO , Septeaber, pp. 42-46, 3-54; 21 Septeaher, 48-32, 37-60; 19 Oetet “re mre 30 FH Press Comment Polloving Kennedy's Death," Surrent. Digest of the Soviet Prens, SP. md Wks bein Mewes of Knowledge in an Emergent Crista,” Socisi Forces, 8 So 8 @ i . Decew:er 1963, pp. 234-237, . 4 The iteation of » Richerd £, “The Assaseination of PreaSdeat Joha ¥, Keane 8 App Cumputers te the Photographic Evidence.” Computers end Autosetion, Hay 1970, - ; cs) er “Tributes to John P, Renneds,” wn bad rae (AsCoe ed, Representative CCl "e " ‘ p t peeche 1963-3958, New Yorks AGA y ° . GES Ted tanto kena eds. Amen gemed John Py Kennedy? sermona on hig , ° , ; ‘ Nodes Paullet Press ° ° Paeinet ten, oe facta, Med trfocar.® Outlook. Februare 1964. on. 8.9. “Bea Teafltache Spiel on den Eenaaty-toré, Ser Trick des Geltkens a ~ Mts 0 0 cree s Clon, Fo pastas eadachan, 15, te, 8 Osa. T Se Parttochont ond 6 & Great Re 5 ‘ : : “Tala uation, under Godt Catenant plapirrred x) OP . ' thengs, 2, “la Monde Libre ot le Cris és Bellas,” JABAL poems fatoruationale, 7 (1 Theapsen, doalah.. conde fs Bali . Seu Yorke Bernard Gels sseccletes, 2967, s Miomes. “En Tusas a'Po San, Ont @ Assensia are Laid te fest, Tes,” leek, 6 cn eater 1963, Be. 328-28, Bib? of Literacy: Temaa Be . "4 thous ron7e” Life, 16 July, ‘23 daly? 30 Joly, 3 Novesber, 12 Hovesbar, 19 Novesbes Thousand : edie Benne, he Whiee e =Besten: Boughtos HSGflia, 1963, Feé@ patienta at Par e exes Stata Jou @ cine, January 1964, pp. 60~74, rreme atyeeale? bo, The Fromets of Ressgee ng OL Mediclaa, Gels Associates “ora mime between, “Reporter. § teescbee TBF _— Zises lawestigates the Aseeusination,” Hewewack, 12 Decesbar 1966, p. 20, Tobia, Richard &. "£9 vou Can Keep Your Head then All About You: Television and Neve ; Coverage of the Seomedy Aseeanination Story,* Saturder Review, 14 December 1963, Assoelated Press, 1968, "A Tragedy and & Challenge, Business Week 30 Roveaber 1963, p. 224, tagie Day ta ¢, eo” Sentor Scholastie, 16 Roveaber 1966, Go 7, “Tragic end af deha F, Sennedy.” 9S. Hews end Werid rt, 2 © 1963, am Deceabe ec PP. 31992, ? ; "RG Sita meg Kennedpog formk, 25 1966), 1601-1609, . Troeistrup, Clean, “Mew Light on the feses¢ination: 4 Seeveg Agent'a Story,” 3:22, Nows fad World Seport, 8 June 1966, pp. 36-39, Tupa, Stefan, Dallas: Declaratad ef Tpotege,” 12 Mareh 1964, pp. 910, Turpbull, J.u, “Notes fron Texas.” Commeuveat a3 Decesber 2963, p. 337, Turmer, WV. “Some éisturbing parallels; susaseination of WL, King and 3.7, Serpedp,* SECs Yagerine, 29 vung 1968, pp. 32-36, . val “Two Mra, Kennedye,” National Review, & April 1967, pp. 335-334, Uulted Prase laternational, Brochure of front £n20 of 91 American sms: Fa, Hovunh . panier beet ce Mev Yorkt KAR Publ cations Bede eo MERERETE, Noverbey U.S. Congresg. House, Conmétees on the Judieia Ereservias ev$ dence ftaizing te the SrPoOes agg ene ident Kaniedrs copes Parsee sens PectatBIOR to the he 3565, Wasbmeoe . GoP.O., 1965, : w—mom, Senate, Committes an the Judietary, Feserving evidence Staising to the 229 ap— @ination af Presidente fenne 2 seport Ee passa cltence, pet Yashingtoa: G.P.0,, 1968, 8.8. 88th Cong reas, House Repare 2913 uthorizine ub gene power for Commission on Asasam . Sinsation of President John F, Kenne Report from Comittee on Judiclare te : to accompany Ko Readlution 852 Decesber 16, 196 . Washington: House Docusente Rowm, 1964,” ; Suuomonty Public Law 202, § sie, Mea 137, fotne Feaelution authorizin, Cowaiagion established testinony of witnesnea and Yashiogtone &.P.0,, 3964, Toduction ef dence, Approved 1] Decesbar 196 a | stomp Ind Sesaton, 1954, Memorial agdreanes fn the Congress of the United States ang tributes in Sulogy of John P. Eannedy late President of the United States, Vashe fngtons G.P.0., 1964, : ' “Unraveling the wystery of the assassination of Johg F, Kenze the official » " 9.8 Reva end Yorld Report, § October 1964, pp, isnanee ners —~ “Untold Stories; Aftermath of the Aseaseination.” §,5, News and World Re 82 Gctebder 1968, pp. 58-62, * mtStGt And, Norld Report, Uruguay, Biblioteca del Poder legtalatizo, John F, Kennedys 217-1963: neetets Biosrstics Scraion de ay fell civtente, Hontevideo, de wtSA-Attentat~aufklarung? Welesar Mana Geaucht.” Der Spiegel 47, tee 49 (2963), 82086, "USA-Kennady-Attentat 3 Hord tn der Sonne.” Der Spiegel a7, mo. 49 (1963), 77283, “USA Praatdentenschut 3 Penater gu.” Der § fepel, 17, ae, 49 (1963) 86-87, “Une and Abuse of Stock Footage," g410 foment, Fall/Winter 1967, ap. 4)~$3, Ushakov, G. "Dallas Herryego-Bound,” “Ree Tieee, 18 March 1964, pp. 27-29, Van Dez Kerr, Richard Re Ctieie in pat “a das: “am historical etude af ehe Cr CS ae deleviston broadcasters ct ve
13-00000 Gtreet Revives Yeat After the Crista.” futfaese Seeks 36 Rowesber 1963, pp. Ul, ©, Bala, Whe Eijied the Preatdent? Hew Yo éearicas Prasa, 1964, kf, Eittie @ Bargain in Rifles,” Machenia Illustrated, 60, ao. 437 (1964), 89-926, This Man Same?” Life, 21 February 196%, pps 26-294 . ington Ostlook,” Burinene Week, 30 Howewber 1963, pp. 41-42, 109-110, teg, Rereld. Photographic Whitewash Gj raged Kenna tateenin tion pict 2 . Ryateetewn, Nd: Thea author sede ~~ Port Mortem; supppeesed Kennedy Antepsy. Wrederich, Md., 1969, = Poet Hortem 1I?, secrete of the Kennedy Autopag. Peederick, Hés, 1969, m=, Whitevash JE, the Fal-Secret Service cuwerups Byatteville, Md., 1966, DB, end W, Tummer, “In the Shadove of Dallas," Resperta, 25 January 1969, ppe S1°7). 9 Redo “Mensady asegansinations with aditerial eoument.” Saturday Evening Poe 14 Jenuary 1967, pp. 19-25, 74, : they wav that Dreadful Day in Dallast estiuony and Evidence Published.” Hewewsek, ? December 1944, pp. 26-30, Fp Reith, “The Aifle chet Killed Reonedy.” Life, 27 August 1965, pp. 62-63, tennedy Died," Neveveck, 14 Septeabar 1964, po Oho . the ehete cows frou," Rev Republic, 26 December 1969, pe 7. Theadore H, “Asseseination inquiry: slow, careful,” 0,8, Neve and World Report, 27 January 1964, p. 49, * » “Por Preaident Kennedy? Aa Epilogue.” look, 6 Deceabar 1963, pp, 138-159. e "one wished for a Cry, a Sob...Any Human Soumd." Look (37 Novenber 19643 cus Meenrial Edition), iled Kennedy’ Hational Review, 2 July 1968, p. 642, lled Keanedy? The Crucial Evidence,* The Time, 9 October 1966, pp. Fe2i, bled President Kernedy: Soviet Condolences." New Times, & December 1963, pp. $=? # te Blawe?” Sconostst, 7 Decenbar 1963, p. 1022. o_o ° sary. ““Dallast Oat There." Hagiohal Cathelie Reporeer, & January 1967, po 10. Richard, “What Happened to the Kennedy Pregram, hook (17 November 1964: JFK wsemoviel Edition), ppe Ll?~118+. ‘ eon ppomntnntemintianan : wid, “It Will Be Many Veara.c." Sood Housekeeping, February 1964, pp. 90-91+, “Secret Evideoce on the Kemedy Assassination.” Saturday Evening Foot, 6 April 1966, pp. 70-73, and Thomas B. Ross. The Pay Kennedve fied, Sam Antonie: The Naylor Co., 1964, ne iy eee recsceeeipaemeacae f, L. “Que e’epteil Passe a Dalles?" ‘facleans, September 1966, pp. 2+3. fter New Year's America: Minds in Ferment. Current Digest of the Soviet Preas, 6 January 1964, pp. 1-19, , ld and the White House.” Siew Staresnan, 29 November 1963, pp. 56-38. istened and datched: Raddo-TV Meets Greatest Challenge in Wake of JTK Teagedycs.” Sroadeasting, 2 December 1963, pp. 36-61, - mens in doubt, fear, and hope,” Nevawees, 9 Deceuber 1963, ppe 36-56. the Spot." Newsweek, 16 December 1963, np. 27-28, : ih, Ralph, “Sensory Perception.” Newaweak, 36 January 1967, p. 6. " Lighenings Bay of Dvums.” File Comnen:, Fali/Wintar 1967, pp. 22-23. &, WORLD OPINTON AND EFPECTS joe, Guillerem, The World Before 6 Toms, Barcelona, 1964, : vane J. “The Kennedy Aseaseination: Early thoughts and Emotions.” Public Opinion - Quorteciv, Summer 1964, pp. 216-224, ; Norman H, ané Jacob 1, Feldman, Public Apathy and Public Grief, Ghicages National Opinion. Center, University of Chieage, 1964, 1. “Questione from abroad." Saturday Review, 9 May 1964. ‘oberg, “Ruaefa: Ye, Ko, Thie Cannot be True.” Look, 6 Decesber 1963, pp. 129- ix, — . ; Gutie,” .Cheietien Century, 81 (1964), 37-36, ; e Guile im the U.S.?2 Take se Leck at the World: with Excarpta from Addrees by Triste 8, Merten.” U.S, Mews and Vor}d Rerert, 23 Deceaber 1963, pp. 12-74, @ of individusl guile.” Us. Meus and World Peport, 16 December 1963, po 30. oko “Reaction of Freeachval Giildren to the Assasaination of President Kennedy,” fyrerg Children, Bavenber 1964, pp, 100-105, . wird, Livingston, tn eterna antuccha de Artingron: repertajes de un periediata ~cargann dceade Wenhirpton, a ta muerte de ichn V. Reanedy. linaieo: Editerial \Wotenta Lietraria, i964, , of “Burden of quilt.” Shetat{en Century, 81 (1964), 243. dn Lb. "The Kermedy Aseronination aa Virwed hu Crmmintat Madtea #  tamonnt #—— Ben ant 7 (rieaar, Jenaty (canat,” peend,) “incters feom Paris.” Boe Yoxbar, 7 Decesber 1963, . te “Prem friend ead foo im dmarica: sense of shock and dienay at the dsepicebie ect, stetemm . 9,8, Kewa and Workd Resort, 2 Beesuber 1983, po 4%. ; ; ; Pronteh, To “An Amrican View,” Toblat, 6 Apedl 1967, pp. 382-383, Greanbarg, Bredley §. and Edvin 8, Parker, ads. Tig. Eermiedy danane teat en and ihe teeiiee ablic: aeciel eommmicaetion in erieie. Stanford. Saiversity Press, 1965. Greenstein, Fred 1, “Fopular Images of the Presidest,” feerican Jogmal sf Perchteter. ; 122, ao. § (1963), $23-529. fieba, Hans, Anatogy of Hatred; she wounded lend, Londent Harrap, 1964 Harrie, 3, George. 'e Competent American: Eight Views of STK," Look, 17 Hevesber 1964,: pp. - 54, 36, 63, 64. Hepburn, Jame, Ferewel) America. Belgium; Prentiar Company, 1966, (Also im Garang ané Prench texte). , "Row America Feit.” Neweveek, 16 Meech 1964, p. 33. “Hes sorrowful bad; world reactions.” 29 Howesber 1963, pp. 36-39. - ; “ia dural Procasulul de ie Dalles. foind Presa Straing.” Seintsia, 9 March 1964, p. ¢ “Ie the Wation's fetareat; commaefon to Investigate the Ascessination of President Jeha P, Reanedy." Awartea, 21 Decenbar 1963, “Rennedy legacy, the people’a task." Commpmenal, 19 Becesber 1963, pp. 335-336. a Lineberty, William, a Lingering ‘plot’, Foreign Opinion end the Asaessination.” Bay Leader, 27 April 1964, pp. 21-22, “Lingering dounta; survey of public opinion.” Mewsweek, 6 Senuary 1964, p. 19. MeGill, A.2. “Speaking outs hate knows no ddvection,” fqturday Evening Post, 18 Deceaber 1963, pp. &. . “Der Word von Dallas Hahat die Welt.” Segegnimg, Berlin, 12 (1963), sc. 3, pp. 1-2, “L'Oeceldente @ le Morte af Kennedy." Riviste di stud politic! intemazionali, Florence, BO (2963), pe 3e Radojete, Hireslav, “Keke je Amerika Priatle Veet a Zlecinu wu Tekeasu.” Politika, 23 Moveaber 1963, p. 18010. oomomme, "“Zaste j@ Amerike Cutala?™ Politika, 2 Decesber 1963, pe 18017. Reine, Rohn R., com, Editorials U.S.A. Different opinions on different aubjecte i Kennedy assassination, Nevesher 22, 1963, Dallas, Texes: ‘The auther ,f.d.3 Rejeki, Reyeond B., ed. A nation Grieves: The Kennedy Aseaseination Ja Editorial Cartoang Rutland, Ve.t Tuttle, 1967, ; : Shaateley, Paul 8. and Koruan Bradburn, “Assassination; Wow the American Public responded , American Psychological Asso. Les angeles, Septeuber 1964, pp. 1-19. (paper) Sheateley, Paul 8, and Jacob 3, Feldman, “The eseessination of President Kennedy. A ; Praliainary Bkport on Public Reactiona and Behavior,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 28 (1964), pe 2. "Seviet Prees Comment Pollaving Kennedy's Death.” Current Dipest of the Soviet Prees, 28 Decesber 1963, pp. 3-7. j Tamana, T. Reply to 4, Brandon*e “Questions free abroad.” Saturday Review, 27 Jume 1964, - “Tragedy im Dallas: letters to the editor.” Christien Century, 80 (1963), 1388-1590, Wolfenstein, Martha and Gilbert ¥. Kilmen, eds. Children end the Death of a Presideots gultidiscielinary studies, New Tork: adsy, * Wilson, J.J. Mood of the Nation. Mew York: Marzani & Muneeli, 1964, : “The World Resounds: Resctions te the Preaident’s Murder, a Syspesiua; Sew York, by @, We: Tokyo, by J. Blevert, Ree, by BD, Campion, Hashingten, by $. Quinlan, Bogeta, by ' andrade. Milwaukee, by Q.Quade, Toulouse, by F. Becheeu. Londou, by A, Beyle,” imerica, 14 Becesber 19613, "World: Weepe and Waits,” Busicess World, HM Bowssher 1963, pp. We]. C, WARREN CoMecssToR jarren Inquiry starte; letest on the sesaseination.” U,8. Wer and World Report, 30 ; Dacesber 1963, pp. 28-30. : “The assassinations ‘The Warren Report.” Rewewesk, $ Octodar 1964, pp. 32-40, 43-52, 57-60, 63-64, “AQurepey aa the Warren Cousleaions Tine tseay " fine, 16 Septeaber 1966, pp. 5435, j “Between two fires: He, Oswald's testiaony to Warren Comsianion.” Tise, 14 February 1964, Ppe 16-26, Bickel, Alesander,M, "Failure of the Warren Report." Coneentary, April 1967, pps IB. o “Reexamioing the Warren Report.” Hew Renuhife. 7 Tenceon 60e* "Braga Little nme Um ft y
13-00000 we Oy the Verses Espore,” soe Deet lic, re) Jane 196672 oe at Wyeteiate a ot ¥ Cone Ageiest Mr, X.° Raw Les 8 PRs 23-25 ees ed ete: eneaty 3966, pps 13-18, Cee amy Y Jamuary 1967 ett * S s7utaen *# he Boch tho heied Kemnety,” Spectetor, 35'he 1966, ops 3740372, : o daceb, “The Wavwes Commies reps £, Hovesbe a she vee dew re and te Critics.". rrovtie © 1966, © =~, “Whee the Wares repert oeten; vital do * . | ; on oe Bae eet cumanta.” Hation, 12 Jal: 1966 , taney pomrineton lindeleta, El, Callaghen & GS. oda Courts ee oe de arrea ° Ration, 23 June 1966, “Pre 237~746, testinony of the ayewitaesses, bad Nation, 20 3 os ° emme 1966 =, “Varren Report and the Irreeéned lables: “Meagher.” Mata Theories of Joetah. Thempeon and Way "Cartia ot Te eoheteeg ry 1968, pps’ 277H281, Sylvie e Geritical np . Haase 11, 1964, SSL eactiona to the Verren Ort. Hew York! Haraeng § ‘& e “Vatres iapeachers." Nevave fe a, Robere ¥, “Way the Varrea Comineiate October 1964, Po 40 5 PP. 4772539, Rew York Universes Law: Rew! ew May 1965, S¥e The Watghe of the get are reith Press, 1968, ence The, Warren Renogt end ste Critica, ev Yorks re and Jig Matthews, eds Re : . Collectors Publications, wee fe of the Warren Re St Covine, Calif. : Torpiiats of the Warren Repore, ‘eo Hiphitehes . ® vs t ore. Les Angalas: Asasciated Profese{onal Serviea, nd groving dobes ueetionia : staan Coumd earew, " is"oeteber se" sat sane the wardiet of the We, Gaion," Neveveek , e o «6S Bhe &, "1963, ope bathe Reports The Death of 4 President, va trier a Varrea Report,..?" Liberation, March 1963, pp. 3-$ 4, 196600 eles Neve and wren peport Critics; excerpts from stetenante, December 4% “The Usrren Report, jubilee, ceaber 1968 ee ret Radia Decesber 1964 be Edvard 3 i Soesentscnre s PP. 2 +> . 8 ® weet? the Yarra, Viking Prana, 1986, mo enenn end She estab ligheent of truth. New Yorks *  gwttlatorie de Kido: 4 Comiseds w i Ferrendes, Rie as mete avven @ pins da verdade, Tred go Renato | “WhO de afratd ef the Varren Reco e ety jarzen b mold L. "JPR in Dallas: The Warren Reporte sit} O celeney she PRs 2066, 2) Janvary 1967, pe 38. Ft and ite Crieies,” Saturdey Review, & repert, lish £ @ Pe 4a others aéa 088 § Concerning Varren Comaiasion Report. Saturday Review, the Warten Coen og eeeee Philadelphia Mopazina, January 1967, _dpetiae, "ene preots, 19867)" and Arion Specter, © Greater Ehiledelahia ey ‘B Ne i965, R, Stiles, Poreraien of an Asnaasta, Hew York: Sines end Schuster, Paul L. “the Warren Countess? on and the Peurth sh . Tundsaen ae forenale Pact Plading.” Hew Fork Univers’ one Revie nee see ‘ ‘ale Cet fn Enartnation of the Contradictions and falasione of the Vare. Rep a mpuaads ” workd Pav liek Tog €o., 1966, == SEs f Commfasion.” Ave Maria 4? Sepeesm . by . eptesber 1966 © Ibe . ; sate eg omtare “Warren Coud selon: Ga erities and’ the lav; eheorte f 8 ‘J and M. Lene, Reporter, 13 Decesheer 1966, pp. £448, oon Bade ry 4& bo “The Varren Comuisaion Frou 4@ Procedural Stendpoint,” Hey Fork Universit come vere i ty we :"Varren Commission fepersi ® Liberation, January ane acer say pes. PP. 404—624, "the eries of the Kenne gu z “torfow Senuary 1907, oy aeiation end the English Praag." Law artert le erten Cercaiseton.” Atlantic Auguste 2966 Li? : 128, ier eear teat Address by Cilef Justies E66. Warren oo the Assaset fo” Hsdiesh Meevzine, Decesher 1963, p. 32, | mination of the tat the Warrea v7] ype b3e61, report w: Ai show, ES. News and World Pe ore, 14 Septasber 1964, “Werten Commfanton Qmotuttan «.. eel a : de Se" Pe eo. oo - datfa, Louie t, Feel i ai vere dts 1963, wpe aes - | dessten, Joachia. Die ther den Kem am de j . clweiser Verlagshaua, Zurich: 66. o Hew Yorks: Harsand 6 Munsell, 1963. "| omnes, The Sepa in the Werren Report a & Hommel, 1965. ee ; : dehasea, Herion coup. Preliginary Invectory of the Records of the Presiden aed ga the Aasesa ination of President Kennedy, Washington: Hational Archives end Records Service, Generel Services Administration, 1970, Grief gritical review of the Warren Conaiseion oe the sones, Fenn, Forgive . Mesessination of John %, Kennedy. Midlothian, Tauas Midlethien Mitzor,. ia tac Forgive My Griet,  volum Twa, Midlothien, Texasy Midlethian Mirror, 1967, Kespten, H. “Warren reports @ case for the prosecutdens” Sew Republic, 10 October 1964 “Latest on aurder of Keunady: @ peaview ef the Warren Report.” 0,3, Hews and Vorid fever i June 1964, pp. 43-44, lewis, Richard W. Ihe Scavengere and eritics of the Warren Reports the endless paradox, New York: Delacorte Presa, 1967. : Lifton, Devid §., comp, Decumat Addendum to she Warren Report. lee Angeles: Sighttext Pubhiestfona Inc,, 1968, iyad, Staughton. “Commnt by Seaughten Lynd,” Liberation Magazine, 9, no. 10 (1963), 18, MacDonald, Deight. “A Critique of the Varres Report. Esquire, Hageh 1963, pe 390 ommoon, "A Ctitiqua of the Warren Report.” In Walker, Gerald, ed. Bant Magazine Artic 1366. Hew York: Cram, 1966, p. 19-33, , Soommme, Choat of Conspiracy, A eyitique of the Warren Comelesion Report. Englevesd Cli = NeJ.¢ Prenties Hell, 1965, (publication withdrawn. Melow, Richard, The Kennedy Aeeaseination and the Warren Report. Washiagtens G.?.O., 196 Hareus, Reywoud, The Bastard Bullet; a search for legitimacy for Cowmtaaton Emnibit 399, . lee Angeleat Rendell Pi ieations, 1966, < Weagher, Sylvia, Acceseories after the face; the Warren Coumfasion, the autherities ghe report, Indiasapolis: Bobetareli T80}e ee onvmene, Subject index to the Werven report end hearings and exhibits, Waw Yorks Seare Press, 1966, Mayev, Karl £, end H, MacKensia, “Spotlight on Warren,” Londen, Bev Statesnan, 2 .Octode 1964, pp, 474-476, —_:8, “The Yarren Report: the Triumph of Caliban.” New Laade » 12 Gcteber 1964, 9p. Michel, Armand, L assassinet de Joha Kennedy, Je Rapport Warren ef sea egitiquea, U.Py Trinekval, 1968, Hills, dadrew, “who killed Kennedy? The Warren Report ie Right.” True Hagezine, Oacaub 1967, pp. 32, 72, 75-97, Hontegu, Iver, “The Varren Raport,” Labour Monthly, Nevenber 1964, pp. %49~903, ‘Mowk, Richerd M. “The Werren Commigston and the Legal Process,” fare and Comment Magasi: Mey-Juna 1967, pp. 13-20, Huhlen, Norbert, “Mord und Legends. Ole Kriciker dee UerresReperte.” Yrankfurt es Hat. . Bee Monat, 17 (1965), 14-28, . “Mystery eskers; J, Sparrow's evaluation of the Warren Commiasien report and ote eritics. : Time, 22 December 1967, p. 24. Nash, George and Patricia, “The Gther Witnesses.” The Hew Leader, 12 October 2964, op. the New Leader Rew York Times, The Witnesses: The Highlights of Hearings before the Warren Comal seion the Aasaseination af President Kennedy, New York: Bantam Books, 1964, “Wiu Yore Tiees Rime 48 Pages of Rapert.” Udieor &§ Publisher, 3 Getober 1964, p. 61, qua canseenetnnnmenneg eee ightmara revisited; reenactwmdt fer Varten Commiesion.” Seveweek, @ June 2964, pe 48, O'Brien, Conor Cruiga, "Veto by Assassination?" Hinority of One, Deceaber 1967, pp. id Oatarburg, Jasna W, “The Varren Counisaion: Report and Reariag. eumal ef the Fa Sciencea, July 1966, pp. 261-271, . Oovald, Frenk, “Ken aan Stele pa Warren?” Verdene Gang, 1964, pp. 274-279. . Packer, Herbert L. “The Warren Report: A Massure @ deveagat.” Haetion, 3 Revesber § PP, 295-299, . Pedherets, Norman, "tha Varrea Commlesion, fm Editorial.” Commentary, January 1964, - Popkin, Richard H, “The Second Gavald; ‘he Case for the Conapisecy Tehory.” jew York, Review of Booka, 28 July 1966, pp. Li-12, “Porocilo Varranove Komlei je.” Livblijenakt dnewaik, & October 1964, pp. 268-275, “Reaction to Warren Commlagion Report." Seninr Scholastic, 14 Gctaber 3964, po LP. “Retommendation,” JAMA, 41 January 1963," p. iT. aan Batmaeinem tha Bamaat BE me meme on be es ~—- erm He oa are
13-00000 dria, Vineme 3, “the Warren Rene : fe et? A Phdlade eine woe Yownds.es” fibers jon Pareh teas teat iashyees the Precleat’s a pans Ralohe at Ger Varven-Bericht abar dan Tod President Waane Gubans | w E Dewurrer te the , areeggats feiences, July 2966, pp see Narre ° redéa, parets Fetes the Varren Commission Repoxe,,.” feeric £ & 8 @, Robert £, Persistent Devilay eas a sowed: 7 7 vs es 32 July 1967, p, 46, GS Kove Inquityy the Warten Report,” Ssturday a Me ie e Ya - Poe 12) 26, te, fren Report: Letters fron Readers,“ Sommentery, April 4967, > RH.” "Thinking the unehd z "'io october foage + eee the Werzea Comiseion becks.” Publishers Week Mo John B.A. After the Assasatnacion: Rew Pork: Gidimark Press Taleshof the ¢ 1568, . oh ium on the Verres Coualesion Report,” Hew York Univares PR. 4060524, een SEY Loe Review, May 1965, ef the w, ¢ Warren Commfaeion, Nation, 27 January 1964, p, 41, : of Sumary of Warren County, d co a, 0 2332-7340" eion Repore, Gongresstonal Quarterly Veakiy, 2 Getober e George C. The Quest far Stuth: A sufe r vical ou fo Ereetdent Kennedy waa teali achaneinated east ees Settee aloe rig ta ee endale, California: GC. Thoason maenene emibite; Photographs ang R-raye tusned Over to the Rational fon, 14 Wovesber 1966, p. S00, “tise Archives, Coanission eng the public isterese,* bf & Poattive ‘Roper, Hugh 2, "Slovenly Varren Report,” Atiaa, February 1965) PP. 115-118 @ ‘® e theory? MEET SAReeVEEW Of AL Specter” TS. Mere een tn haste to prove Lie ond Yorldg Report, 10 Seteber of the Gent Cormineets A f President Kennedy. A Cone ise Conn are Libs ee! spors on the ffnassination of John PF, Kennedy. eee, > Hesringa, 26 vole, Vashingeons , C.0.P. 1966 + Invest ipacion Sf the Ansasat “pe . £ ‘ Rath Peet oro e® before fhe Preafdene 8 Comes ion or. ae Teepe eeeidens oat yenvedes tie singe pele U.C., Jere, Sion of President Kenne « Washiagtea ® The Of Fieqal Varren Rep sail mL LLG g : ert om the Age age inard Heeoreee tas Cotten, Garden Clty, WY. Doub eden pean an “antined ° ae a materia peste zn the Aapaasination of Prestdeot Fannedy tes voete MeGraveniei ee. the New York Tises exclusively for this edition, if 3 er ofthe resident's Comiseson on the Assaasinat fe mecee Washington: G.O.P., 1966, Mot President Joh abe Yarren Renore: wheport of the fo-wisaion. re tere New Yorks Associated preg, fe Nitneasen « fel - oo Re Pe pee and edited frag the . Sim. Varres Seart Uher dig t, * :. : . rs epaa Pee PONCE AW, eaahte vain oeyeeaeesenen ha Py Kennedy, ‘abe book for all to read: Warren Report.” Ute rent, & Hitech, 1966, Life bru hePert 18 aot enough; voices speaking tree October 1964, p. 35, eal! for. tnvesttesetan,” Li fe ‘e ? Getod ont e ston." Nation, 28 Dacesber 1963 Baas Pe 38. ct Semublic, 29 February 1964, pot,” veer lea ion and eh death FR. Sen or Scho, aati¢e Ni veabe ¢ 964 BP e e $34=20, im teomtennnarte” aime 2 Getober 1968, tp, &5=5n f “mine! Fett on she vale of yj e thay Kennedee eye Crosas Gerelde Preae in the a@Gasaination of Pree ident Yorks “Fleet Pubs, 1986, Ode Be Beano ttiiier of the Prone, teu ‘Lae ion ‘rene re; Pareflin or fin tese : : e Sfience woe tert oneal! Toga pees killing stall ¢ mystery.” Setence 33 Dacenbas. 1963, wpe 2621 ee teeee ee eseamsisation of J, femnady." Ties, are gee. + eee gm we aw as We on as, . PP "varren Commissions Testimony end evidence.” ; a *Worven fingdingss seme new facts." 0,8, News an wens aenerte & July 1964, po Ab, ' “Wasven Reports A Measure of the Achlevemeat; editorial Gout,” ation, 3 ‘ “Warren Commdsston Raporti Verdict, One Hen Alone.” World Week Neastinn, ? Octohas 1966, t » 4 Becenber 1964, pp. 25-27... Novenber 1964, 296-295, ; a “Warten report; comment.” Comonves!l, 9 Getober 19646, g. 99. . “the Varren Report: How te Murder the Medical fvidenca,” Sptnent Hedicine fox Attorneys, Wovenber 2965, pp. 1<28, ; 7 , “the Warren Reports Lattere from Readega," Commentary Mages t g April 1967, pp. 3-12, , “Wargen Report Wrong, College Teacher Says.” ie Angeles Times. 17 Noveubar 1967; p. 26. °°’ “Warren's Secret.” National Review, ? april 1966, pp. 265-266. ; “Washington News: Bennedy Shot Twice in the Back.” Gata: 4 January 1964, p. 15. Weaver, John B, Warren: ‘The Man, The Court, The ¢ Besten: Little rove (a.d3 Weisberg, Harold, @ feport on the Warren Report: or The Sie Wise Men of Industan, 2968, oumooas, Whitewash, tha report an the Herren Report . Uyattstoun, Nd., 1965. : West, John A. Desth of the Preeident, [ne Warren Commission on Trial. Gowine, Celifernias Collectors Pub., 1967, White, Stephan. Should we Believe the Warren Report?” Hew Yorks MecHilien, 1968, S LSE HARVEY OSwaALD fmaleie, J, Seaview of L'effaire feveld, by lee Sauvage, Atlas, October 1963, pp. 249-290, ansbacher,y Heing and Rowena R,, David and Kathleen Shivertck, “Lae Harvey Oswald: da Adiavian Taterpratation,” Paycholanalytic Review, $3, ae. 3 (1966), 34-68, “Aseaseination, as the plot wifoide: casa egainat Oswald: Hoy the President vas shee.” U.S, Néws and Vorid Report, 9 Dacerber 4963, pp. 68-71, . "Attorney for Gewald,” Tiee, 6 March 1964, po 47. Bachnann, Ida. “Hvem Myrdede Preasident Kennedy? 2 Defensorat for Oevalé Indleverat.” Eri§_Dannark, 22, noe 10 (1963-64), 1-3. “Boy, Don’t You Know I'm on Camera?” New Ra ubife, 29 February 1964, p. ?. Chapaan, Gil end Ann, Was Qevald Alone? San Diego: Publishers Export Company, 1967, Cooke, Alistair. “Oswald had Psychopathic Parsenality: ne evidences of couspiracy.” Hencheater Guardian, 27 Noweeber 1963, p. Li. : “Counsel fer Oewald.” ©,S. News and World Re ert, 9 March 1964, p. 16, Ducowny, Amram and Leon Friedman, "Tha Trial of Lea Harvey Oswald (A Play).” Pleybt23 . ‘Magazine, &, na. Ul, 12. Veldean, Harold, "“Oewald end the FBI,” The Fation, 27 January 1964, pp. 86-89, Graham, J.J. “Aequittel for Oavald, Concerning the movie "Rush te JSudguene’,” Commonweal, 21 April 1967, pps 149-351, . Grove, L. "Did presa presaure kill Oswald?” U.S, Mews and World fegort, 6 April 1964, pp. 7879, Hastings Michsel, Lee Warvey Oevald: A Par Streak of Independence Brought on by Hegleet, . Saitimore: Penguin Books, 1366. i oo "Ne wae my brother: excerpts fore Las (R.L. Oswald and ethare).” Look, 17 Getober 1967, PP. 622664, -- : Hewes, Henry, “The Theatrat Sensing History.” Saturday Review, 4 May 1968, p. 40. Holees, Joka Clellen. "The Silence of Oswald,” Elacboy, Hovesbar 1965, pp. 101102, 222, 228, ; "If @aweld had lived, could Lepartial Jury Heve Been Found te Try Wis,” Broadcasting, _ & danuary 1964, pp. $2233, . : Jackson, Donald, @ Evolution of an Aasassin,” Life, 21 February 1964, pp. 604-80, . Joestan, Joachim, “Lasni Oseald.“ Nslobodente, 21 (1564), 5297-5938, ; oomnamn, Marina Orvaid, Londent Dawnay, 1967. woewonm, Onvald: Ansassin of Pall Guy?" New York: Margang ond Munsell, ine., 1964, conmmam, favaid: The Truth, London: Dawnay, 1967.- a . .dohneon, Priscilla, “svald in Moscow,” Harper's, Apeil 1964, pp. 4650, . Kempton, MH. “Oawald, May We Reve Some Facts, Please.” Hew ubife,.23 June 1964, pp. i} Lane, Mark, “Onwaid Innocent? A Levyer’s Briaf.” Metéenal Guardian Heekly, i9 Decesber 19 - imony by Marina Qowald,” U.S, Mews and “Lae Oevald’s Widow cella her story; aummary of teat World Report, 17 February 1964, p. 19. la Mantia, Roper and Gene Ringgold, Aasnegin, The Lee Narwey Oawald Siogranhy. Hollywood: . Associated Professional Services, 1964, Wotbondm Re 1 € Bid Giese Babe Be Men OO PR eh ee
ra . : Milling Diacmsed.” Setence Keys Letter TF bocsree tightly UPGbe pe Ide | «+ emmmarang “Ruby, Oowald, end the see tater 31 Cctobar 1966, Pps ’ Lo § | | “a Gane Against the Varrea Comlsetent i lanier 38 Pekite 16s at a S. , a Tabresry i964, oe 2b 90. eee ° a - ; ‘ Ppa “The Oevald Case Should be Reopened! "Dipsent 13, te. 3° (1986), soe - “ tian, Rdward. “Appointwent in Dalles: the Uateld Stery of Je ere Satergar Bveeiag . . 23 July 1964, pp. 24-26, 28, 33, 36-37, 40, bd 10-21, - Qo 7 wnat tee Cuveld." Martonal Ravi _ . | ef 9° pope, Seefane” "Dalles "Passe" Bine pa Buby.” 26 March 1964, pp. BE, Richard H. The Second Govalds “teafo me ne eases 283s : no ‘ . Pores ', commen, “Belles, Proeasul iuby,” Lemma. 33 Pabruary 1964, pp. 6-9. ee nee magne Cnvald REddie,” co , a . Re Relations Pirm Sete Press Rules for Suby"s @eial.” Bdleog gnd Pub) isher, : » Mae, “Afers Oovald,” Vieanthre eee 2967, ppe 1226127, ‘ "Public wisenik vy arijeds, 25 augue Bo 28 Decesber 1963, p. 9. = 7 LA . uariieds, 25 ust 1965, pp. 694-695 : . va dessting, 23 Beceuber 1963, po 360 ne "ogg, su Sees Respense ag Rampert Warren,” Pariat ‘Les beitions'da Mlautt, | * + otadie-t¥ Hevaean featity An Raby Tei Pesrteastion, 26 Rasch 1964,_p. abet, Med ' "ihe OATS MST ee ae Allies Cava Lien, Minchent Molden, 1967, fF" Rewer y on. "Jack Iuby! The Kefie’s Neo Be » March 1967, pp. 28-32, 86 ' , air, rome ht A March 196 : ‘. : e . 7 . oommentary, Mare e PP. 33-56, . eo, « jewent, 17 Merch 1966, p. 221. ‘gd eeié in Dallas: a Few Loose Enda,” & Company, 1966, to | Avon Books, 1966, Repo: £ . & e Reporter, 2 January 1964 2h~26 , "Seveen Teat.” Weweweek, 10 Pebruary 1964, p. wad Quwald: An Exchange of Letters,” New yore e y Oy. ‘ R. Ja Proces Ruby-Dalles, Kepellen, Belgivat Beckers, 1967. Pe u9-34. * sSLorh Review of Books, 6 October 1966, . “ynatis your source!"; preaature publication by Journal~smericas of Buby'a Testiaony . ‘aul. @ Ha Oewald and the American Dream. Mew Yorke : before Warten,” Keveveek, 31 Auguet a PB. ry . 2 bP. \o ° Wills, Gary and Ovid Denario, Ja - Yew for’ ® " John BoA, "Making Mystertea About Oswald.” Atlas, March 1968 Bp. L732 76 - , Vorthingten, Peter, “the Linexiantt ies Jack Buby's Pivet Briel Coulde'¢ Heppea Bere. * one searetge te Metorr, Londoat chatts © tiadus, 190s. ; Maclean's, 16 April 1964, pp. 3-4, 7, issase, @ Strange World of Marguarite Oswald.” MeCali's, Geeobar 1965 Pp. 112-113 - "fans ALL Know Hel 2's Jack Ruby.” Esguiro, May 1067, pp. 7987, . ° World of Lea Oawald: More Light oo the Asseagination.” ¥,§ and Vort ‘ . o oo * HERE. as Deceaber 1963, pp.° 60-62, US, News and World a oe oF . " oe Hy ee Harvey Oowald tet, . e Kenes %: es aid would hive been acauiered O dag of John oy ; Pe Quast? coms rae | lomuacton “ness Chicago: New Classics House, 1965, : . , « : Coutest Te Tastes 29 February 1964, pp, 'be5, ' "any auuber can play: questica ef whether the ssaasetnution wag the werk of ese ean.” | id ve en Case Against Oswald,” Hau Leader, 22 Novent - eh, ? fovesber 1966, pp. 37038, nee: 9-0 Suming up of the Warren Report,” Hew Statecane” tg March “ Berendt, = "Tf they've Found Another Assassin, let thes Hous Nezes end Produce thete o PP. tk : : oe . . Bridence," Becuire, August + PP. . seoayan  parguerite Cevald’s Teatinony.” Neveveek, 7 Deceuber 1964, pp. 28-09. ! Besaon, Waldenar, onrae $ wise won allen, War eine Verschuirrumg dss Basess an werk? M3Pe$9 tae ewald Portert Seven : 6 . Die Zeit, 19, ae. 33 ° o . Phe $2039, 129-132, 1360133, ven Years After Ballas.” Redbook, August 1970, Buchanan, Thonas €. Who killed Kennedy? New Tork: Putnen‘a, 1964, .  celag hinted. | Quien dio et 2 : ‘ fragso, Rio z Seneize: J, Alvaro, ° Columbiana, 1967, Se Sl Soho Oavalst Ponotat Editorial Revista ution Robert, ee wT Og Ey of gecy, Beverly, Hese.t Ganda . ; ; .. Prist, 1969, ‘ ; Ee JACK RUBY : u : ee Fiightpathe Evidence of Conapiracy, Danvers, Nege.? Mirror Prese, 1971. : ; | Devia, Kord, Jt. Dalles Conepirace, Hollis, N.Haa The author, qedy ; . ‘ " Epeceia, Edvard J. Coumterpiot. Kev York: Vikieg Press, 1969. ; en seunation: A fonastity for History,” Tine, 23 January 1967, pp. 16-27, Paielie, RH. "He conspiracy but pechape ewe aseessinal” New York Tiees Nagerine, ubille, "Verd£ee on Jack Ruby," Life, 27 March 1963, pp. Meld, 348 MA~71, 74 September 1966, pp. $2¢55¢, taest Rene : ivin He and H.C, Carroll, Dallen Juatica, The Real tory of Jack Ruby and i on mo Goldberg, Arthur, Conepiracy fate ations ef che Agssasiaation of P jen Trial. New York: David Nckay, 1966s tr eet Ruby, and Hie : International snd Domestic, University of California Security Studies Project ‘Tells his Public Relations Role in Ruby Cesv." Editor and Publisher, 1 6 Paper Wusber 16. Les Angeles: University ef California, 1963. Februnry 1964, p, 38, * ; Geseat, P. and B, L*howe qui erut ¢uer Reneedy. Parig: Presses da la Cited, 1967. Mea ee tion? att Ruby Kill the Weong Man?" Argos » September 1967 hb Rartegs, fasatua and Lucy Freeman, Tha Two Aasaseing, Kew Yorks Cravali, 1965, . felat"” gentee’ ’ Ls Merman, Eat, “Wor war Kemnedye Hcdori” Br eeit, 19, no. 15 (1968), 7. | Tell? Sunder Times, 9 October 1966, p. 8, . . . - Aull, Richard 3 end Checles ¥. Boujaan, “Hews Bifiuwsiens & Test of the Segularity » Senford. = "who Killed Jack Ruby?" Beal Magazine, April 1967, pp. s0~62, - bow, Bypothanis,” Joureall Fietly, 41, ee. 3 (1964), 7. . mig 2 last Madness of Jack Ruby, Zhe Hew Renublic, 11 February 1967, m4 ' Keep, Zewin, “Debate evar Dallast theories ef Jha Sperrew aad Sylvia Muaghar, heaks te 4 aturday Review, 9 March 1968, pp. ; 'td leaks téstivony of Jeck Ruby to the.Warren Commisaion.” Time, 26 Auguse —_ eo tauren, A. “Onwald @-teil tod Kennedy?” Hackan! o Maveh 1964, pp. Jn. 1964, . 40, tn * — : . "A Matter of Reasonable Doubt.” Revu Magazina, 18 Janvery 1967, pp. 16-26. et. jomnt of Madnase: People va Jack Ruby. -Chécago end Yew York: Y : Lo “More than one wen.” fmerica, 7 Deceuber 1963, pe. ° y 170 vane t. Glamiene, “ee , Fotdere, wet, Yptheskers} ayeteriou: deaths ot people involved in cane,” Tee, 11 Revesbar 1966, Syne Wayne B. Glanpletro, @ Trial of ‘State Cases’: A Post - : 2 3-34, , . Puby Trial, Eetaul Lew Review, 16, no. 2 (Spring-Summer 1962), 265-508. the en.) Light oa Second Asseseia Theory.” 1.8 and World rt, 29 May 1967, ve 84, tenes ro fendane Rwy Wild Meet the thest-of a Long Read Scott.” Life, - .. «© “Hey Qgleans end the Gubens: Who was geady to Help Oswald,” ihe Times, cy 4 ceerusry 1°68, poe 30-31. aoe mo 1967, po 12, . . Parte” EAT eee the Case of tack Ruby, Le verted oria; who murdered Kennedy?” Yiee, 23 Novenber 1966, pp. 3-35, - Paria: " Edielena Casterean, 1967, eTAES Sur _taCas de Jock Rub ° wrhaate er Rennedijat™ VYaeernii Sarajevaki Lise, 24 Deeesher 1964, pp. 298-300. * Biss Presature dimlocures,” dmamweck, +3 July 1964, po 50, , : "fen. fee H. Whar aa Rack of Kannede'a Murder. Murfreeabora. Tenn.: Sword of the
13-00000 Pr erg Rilied Preaidene Keanedyt Excarpty from 8 Saconda Dalias,® Batuniay Evenian Peat, 2 Decenbar 1967, pp. nen , Beemnlen, Jol, ad Les Barvey Oawald fet without Belp?* ¢ ee s davicw, 4, wo, 3 (1968), 466.467 diets. (ne nae alone,” eater : cho] wee e 7 Getobar 1964, pp. 9-20, ra, Bawid M, Rye Plot te RL Irn, hicage: Hovel Books, 1965 3a%y, Nereld, anedy Kurdert Buried Proof ef a Conspiracy?” Pro ZOe31, 6090, 92, 94.96. 2 g leang @ of the cr Sew Yorks Canyon ra ® . . ‘9 Gavad and bavi Uften, “the Case for Three Assassine,” Jenvary 1967, pp, 7701005 Kennedy wae Shot," U.S, Meve and Worid Report, 6 January v¢ (Gy SIM GARRISON the elements." Neveveck, 10 March 1969 Pp. Ba,. | 4 tigat? ‘ ‘ a¢of Jie Garrison's inves On inte the seassinetion of Sohn P Kennedy: th Erive of silence, Austing Research Publ cations, 1968, i, MS, “Cervigon and Warren, Anything in Comon?” Minority of One, Getober 3967, . pp. Liei?, . Weassination: Beurbes Street Receeo,” Tiss, 3 Merch 1969, Po 26, teinations Biarory of Headlines,” Kevevrek, 19 March 1967, pee 44s, » damza, “the Carriaca Towestigetion:s How ead Uhy 2c Began.” Rew Ovlaens, Apri 1967, pp. 8&9, 2 “ rote ne "Se Serrisas‘s laveotigation of ¢ plet te hild o7n,* Hewaveek, 18 Kay 0 PPe ‘e *» Miltea Z, the Carria ese, Kew York: Clarkses He Porter,’ 1969, wal in Mone Ovleans: Jig Gerrison‘a Investigation,” Neweweeh, & Marek 3967, pe 32. ‘ese for Carrison.” fev York Review of fooks, 14 Septenber 1967, pp. 19029, © of Conspiracy,” KRewaveck, 3 April 1967, ‘pp. 36-37, : ng lag Gaegisen's uneffictal chief favestigator quite.” Ties, ? Suly 1967, p. 17, Jo md 8.0, Giriss. "Hey Orleans: Act one,” Reporter, 6 April 1967, pp. 17<20, ing 8ig Jia,” Nevewaek, 17 March 2969, p. 105, : ina for the DA; physicians examine Photographs and X«rays,” Reveweek, 27 January #fep @ Rounds die Garris *s laveati gation,” Tize, 24 March 1967, pp. L=18, y lteration,” Time, ? March 1969, pp, 22-24, at Defendant,” Hlevewreh, 24 Vabruaey 1969, Fe 3, Walites ¥. Je, “Ving Presse ite Actions and Reactions.” New Orleang, April 4967, Bp. L2eh3, $2053, tg Edvard Jay, “Gareisca,” Hew Zorker, 12 July 1968, pa. 33040, 42, 49052, 5455, 58-60, 62-76, 79-81, 9 nts * the Hurricane, Bevaveek, 3 Harch 1986S, pp. 240, ; 4a, Paria, The Kennedy Conspiracy: An uncom aeiened fepors on the 212 Carrison investigation, New Yorks: Meredith Prene, 1969, i, Jim, A Heritare of Stone. New Yorks Putnam, 1976, e “Hew Orleans Evidence: exee epté from atatements," eneniar. & February 1968, p- 10, om Under Fire,” the Economtar, 25 Februs 7H. ae ry 1967, p. C8 wa. the People, Tine, 14 March 1969, p. 29, » Alex, “Glay Shaw Telis Hie Story,” Traacripe of TY Interview, Station UVUE, Ghennel 12, New Orleme, 11 March 1969, » “Jie Garrison fells His Story,” Traneceige of TY interview, Station WVUE, Channel. 12, Hew Orleans, 13 March 1969, ‘ivable conatvance,” Tioe, 12 January 1968, p. 14, , ‘welya, "Several Plote’ Claive District Attorney.” Sund Pigea, 26 February 2967, lopemary and Jack BD. Wardiav, Pio Sen Cey Linen. ° fof Polities? The Garrision Cease and its E8Bbe on New Orleans; - Pelleen Publications, 1967, . : Jonchin, The farrison Inqut fruth and Consequences, 4a, Londont Petar Dawney, 1967, ere Shew.* “Seainr ssholantic, 21 March 1363, no 16, Jones, Awarfen. Geotens S26 9 . i An Account of the Clay Shev-Jim Garrison Atfaty in the Cit? of ew Geleana, New York: Siton and Schuater, 1970, ‘ 'sparitic dis Scene @ lut Jim Garrisun,”- iuvma, 22 June 1967, pp. 970200, Wig Lewed Kennedy,” jee, 21 February 1969, p. 18, ree Season.” Umea ee an Ben, Josiah, "The Cros. Fire thet Hiiiel Sess oa 8 wy “$8has forth 1967, (ao ate -mmmncem aoa gate Gherm + » Sebarts, G. "The Case of Jim Garris Lae Coveld.” Hew York Tize Stee te a May ‘+ “Bideing Pact Prom Pantesys x 10 Ma 5 June Palen Sees, ° Sid Rev Orlemet The Vico Han Comsth." Jaturter tvoving Rost, § . “ Wiloce then @ ita 45 Bock. Tine 16 Pobruary 1969, pp 26-29. ome red Pete fssierindatis 14 April 1967, pps 16-19, Gan Rosden, Erie, “Jie Carrisent @ coave re ation with the Eubattied Biatriet Attorasy Orleans.” Playboy, Getebar @ PRe hd Rae air tee . ? June 1967, pps 13-18, Powledge, F. “Is Garticon Peking?” Hav Republic, 1 + BR. 1967, pp. 32-33, " Rogers, UW, “Peraseution of Cley Shas,” leak. 36 Auguat 1969, ppe 53-56 “Round One.” & guk, 3 February 1969, 6. 33, : “Shutting Up Big Mouth.” ‘Tien, 23 Auguat 1967, pp. 48-51, et a eaten pein Nev Orlasna, Tasvat Truth Drags in Jka Garrison's tavestigation.” ise, 31 March 1967, p. 41. ) “Sleight ef Bend: Jiu Carrisen’g dssesetnation investigation Eatenda to PEE and CIA, Be oh, 22 Hay 1967, p. 46. “Sutting throughs Neveuseh, 27 Senusty 1969, pp. 27-28, ie Seith, Nerriaen, "Jie Ger aad His Sources of Evidence," [gnchaster Cusrdian, 18 Me 2? / “Tales of Gercioes.e” a Economist, 25 March 1967, p. 2145, “A Taste for Conspiracy. wee, 20 Merch 1967, po. 16. ; “Thickening tha Plots Judges support Jia Garrison ’g plot Theory.° Yovewack, 27 Merch 196) 8 ‘fuser, witises'y, “Garrison Comfasion on tha dscassination of President Reneedy cee 68, po 43, ; Ramperta, January 1966, e” Hevaweek, 3 Jaly 1967, p. 82. : at Cmerireee fea 3 Parry Russo,” Newsava: 24 February 1969, pe 33. “What Garrison Prowed.” Hew R 13 March 1969, 9. 9. Young, Rogat.. “tha lavestigetion: Where it Stende Today.” Ney Orjeona, July 1967, pp. a & GILLIAN HANGHESTER beck lesk @ of s Presidest, & the fecte; eoncemning The Baath 8 6 “a the by Wilitan Meacheseer a § ewe and World tf, Reed 1967, PP. 30-32, ‘The Book.” Nevaveek, 10 April 19 7_ BPs . “ne jessaeinetions Whe Can Understand ier Neweweek, 16 January it PPe ae "Battle of the Book; Manchestar’s ihe Death of ry Presidene, Zize, 23 Deceabe ® PRe 19018, Bennett, Arnold. Jackie, Bobby sid Menchestar; The Story Behind the Headlines, ew York ” Bee Line Books, 2967, “Beek thet backfired; concarsing | ee isegtteebdent by Willson Manchester.” 9,8, Mews Caftere, Usil. "Renchentee’ Book Alledges Com Lag Day JMK Kilisd." Electronic Nove, 3 Apri Camnen, Jones he aad Eda Koaner. “Manchester's ten Story.” Beyoueek, 16 January 1967, Querchtti,"Rendolgh'8, “The Kanchester Book.” fhe Times, 23 February 1962, ps 13, 14 cote, Margaret Mlovtebar fi, 1963," Saturday Beviey, 13 2erth 1961, pp. 30m, erase cotta, "qaletions tecnelgee Public Relstinn’ Jon al. April 1967, $p. Ils Cooke, Alistair, “Preah Shots in Reanedy Book battle.” “Hanchester Gustdian, January oamnee g onea Kennedy Suffére Grief Sha Sought te Aveté,” Manchester Guardian, 24 cory, de mMancheate Aifeiee® Saturday Rewlew, 9 Septeaber 1967, p. 61. fi " Gumliige, Marcua, “A courtier"s obsequies, Review of Death of a Presideng), few : a4 1967, pp, 560-581, Livraria St eats te t the annual Raport of the 3 ts from the Introduction to Mibrart “Death of or Congrene fee ne Fiscal Year Endina June 30. 1964." Lihrary Journal us
13-00000 tee ae - : . » $ Peatherstone, Jomegh, Lact light fim Dalloa.*” few. 32 darth 1967, pps 20082, 98" | meine Armold ly “Ihe Leal Right of Privacy.” Sater feview, 21 January 1967; pp, 28-37," « |. "Fond Gree Eresident, Intensifies as Nanchesta® Attacks Kennedy Penily and Alda, -. wrote te, fe ekig, 30 January 1967, pp. 88-89, re oe ratradth, Kanasth irs, Rannody Justified ia Bringiog sefet® Eetetdoy Review, tendvich, Eitzdbaths “Alae My,° Sorter Reviey of Rooks, 20 Aprti 1967, pp, 11-12, a lughes, ZoJs° “Neiale of Government Bry ai Gveceless Battle betwten the Konnady Vemily |: a7 * -- gid BW, Masehaster,* Keweveeh, 6 February 1967, pe 2, 2, ot, "the Woliday Spécit.® Kevevaak, ¥ January 1967, p. 2$,.°. ue Row te lesa @ wart Long renning 3 ‘le the Hours After Dalles: the Book end the Testimony 5 Conceming The feath of a Preatdane oc." by Wa, Memchester,” 0.5, ewe ead Vor'd Repore, 20 Pebruary 1967, pp. 5lx3i, ‘Jaequaliee Kemedp's Victory, Neveweck, 2 January ie pp. 16-19, Geates, Joachin, The Case Apainnt the Kermedy Clan, Munich: The author wiedg = - tp, Irvin. “the Author's Right to Seite," Saturday Review, 21 January 1963, 9p, 28-29, the Romedyss Temporary Cease Fire," Newaveek, 9 January 1967, pp. Bu21, : ophind, Aadraw, "the Kemedy Fook Battie, Sex Statesnen, 30 Dacembary 1966, p. 956, scenes, Edvard, “Jesqualiag B, Reanedy, Plaintifi... Hewsveet, 26 Decender 1986, pp. 39043, tensner, ed Ped Parte That Wore Lefe ug of the Keanedy Buck,” Fealtec, Hay 1967, BPs ie igager, Pater, "A Brilident Nosate of Evente.” Penoraaa Ma aeine, 6 April 1967, p. Je ‘ ittle, Stuart ¥ “Birth Pains of a Book.” Saturday Review, 9 Septeuber 1967, p. 61, oman, Ae “SPKe the Stained Glass tmaga,” American Herttape, Auguas 1967, pp. d=7, ~ommme  “Ouedooe Life and the Death of a Freaidants W iilise Manchester Charges Outdoor Life with Hard Befled Callousneas Toward a Natloaal Tragedy." Outdoor Life, Getabee 1967, wchester, William, "Willd en Mancheatar'a Own Story," look, 4 April 1967, PP. 62-66, Wacheater Book: Peepite Plave and Grrpe, a Story That fg Letger than Life or Death,* Tie, "9 Apwtd 1967, pp. 22-29, ‘agher, Sylvia, “alter tha Settle, The Book,” ‘The Kinerity ef One, June 1967, pp. 28, 27, ‘rae Rennedy Reaches Accord with Harper & Row aad Willies Manchester,” fublichere veekiy, 23 Januory 1967, p. 222, ' vias, Alles, “Gargantuan, Honest and Useful, but ee Gaasperating.” Panorama Ma, azine, & Apeti 1967, pp. 293, : . oundly 4 Ju, om Ortvate Grief of Public Figures," -$aturdey Review, 22 Januery 1967, pp. 235 squeles Spreading Coatroversy,” fies, 6 January 1967, pp. 16-17, ctaan, George. “Yhe Book of the Cantury.” This Veok Ha azine, 7 Jenuary 1967, Pp. 6-7, ‘ma, Richard H, "Weta: Gudie and Depth Reactiin to tha Death of & President,” , Eoychomalyttc Reviev, Fall 1966, PP. 81-82, lage, Gay. "The Corry Tepers.” Pagui » June 1967, pp, 244, ® Help You Keep che Record Straight shout thet Book; GConceraing The Death of President, by Um, Nenchester,* U5, News and World Fenort, G February 1967, PP. 66-67, salina, pe saresaae Raad the News, Mr, Manchester.” New Statesman, 21 April 1967, PP. 34]0 : ‘hmmos, Barbare ¥. “the Hietorion's Opportuntey,” aturdey Revigw, 29 Pebruary 1967, PPe 27, 31, 71, . | Gelder, Lewrence, The totota Story: why the Kennedys Jost ¢he Book Battle, New Terke é4merd Booka, 1967, : ere was O'Donnell ?® Tise, 1? February 1967, pe 78. so: va. guthor, coscerning ¥, Manchester's Death of a Eresident.” fenfor Scholestic, - & January 4967, po 16. j le, Cary. "Hachester'® Upheaval." Notional Catholte x Ofter, 29 March 1967, p, 10, chem, Feanels, "Manchester and the Kennadya," Sunday Vines, 13 January 1967, p. 20,0 °° 3, LYNDON BAINES Jounson owing Rite of LBS and Kengedy: Sehind the Furor ever @ Book, Conceming the Death of . S£eeeidene, by ve, Henchester,® U.S, Newa ond Varid Report, 2 January 1967, PP. 22027, : Todo Evattae A Texan Looks at lyndoo: A Stwiy in ide itimate Paver, Cenyon, Texas: ‘ -. Pato Bere Preas, 1964, , ten, Guachias The Cate teatost Lyndon 3, Ichnnon ta the Asnassinetion of President Eerineds. gp hupa the author, 1967, .2 vols, wows Tue Uark Side af Lyndon 6 Johnsen, Lond: Pater Bevnay, 1968, Ae LaBe. fwerape ta the Ceveromee eAdwnne Baton be ow tow over Manchester's Book,” Heweweek, 6 Pebruary 1967, os oe * lagen, Ls’ eeatdent's Proclamation, June 6, 1968," Mtal Seseches, 18 tune 1968, 9 “SGaeen takes cath as nation eourns Kennedy,” Senior Scholastic, 6 Decenber 1963, p. 14 “* gnabaly # Letcher. “Atos the Ghote che ordeal of Lyadon Johason.” Look, 10 March 1964 Pps 26-28% a Bg on the desenatnrtton,® Preval, 1 Mey 1970, 9. At, Pineten eds : us " kK ody gad Johnson, Wew York: Rinchars & - ; hekaynalde a eee teers Machech de the Waaee House,” Epiurder Night, Gacaubs 1966, pps 22623, : wo, ee Tg are ume emg tas . “ae, ; nels mo, a . - tt _— : 0 : pets ° : ae \y men with closed even.” Life, 26 April 1968, 9. 428.) ae Soe Bode hae etae yan Math closed yea” Rev, Martin Luther Ring, Jes" Apertea, +A May 1968, pe 624, "Aa 150,000 said farewell to Or. King.” 9.85 Reve and Vorld Report, 22 Avra 1966, PP Ke LA RE ow we GS asm wea oe a '. WAssaseination according te Capote,” ima, 10 May 1966, p. 63. Nassasgination.” Tim, 12 April 1968, pp. 18-21. “Assaseination ghocke nations with quotations,” O Cl 33 April £960, pe 18-19, werent What Reante of Mere et tcte rast xe tices Seaton Pu cosy 1968, Mpeapentag uyotery of Bre kioeie tesssetnstton,” Us8, Neve and World Report, 23 May "Did Ray naan Rear “Hational Review, 23 April 1968, pp. 376+, poster Ringve sotdari aansine*jusoctonn ransiacé” U8, ews end World’ Report, 24 March 1 albarstem, HK. “Are you guilty of wurdering Kartin Luther King!® Hew York Taep Magasin tvie, vane sftry of" deme ter fay ed tha plot to assassinate Martin Luther King.” Lo ‘Hate, M, beat aly "by Jame Eal Ray Murdered Dr. Kings” ook, 15 April 1969, pps * "Jamas hays sanhuat ends but wysterisa ramain,” 0,8, Hewe ond Wor ere, 24 dune 4968 MiSa Nee eA Mors Renee Ppe Ho, e 38 pen Reweveek, 13 April 1948, pp. 4-38, Lonst, teis, salve Black Man, Loe Angeles: Holloway Rouse, 1968, Tima, 12 April 1968, p. 21. “meetin father Rise at the sight te Know." feartca, 22 March 1969, p. 323, a etd PRe ® a'nety “ onpeeatent es perce law aforceeest history.” Resdeg's Digest, duguat, 196 a ve Mi esiviods Bay's p * 21 March 1969, pp. 16-17, Ral whirlvind; Rey*e plea ef guiity.* Tyee, ig . “hanetheoe to the slaying ef Martina Luthar King; symposium.” Amarica, April, 1966, Po 534-336, : 969 ; ; : . “Some disturbing parallels.” Rempacte, 29 January 1969, Waxears * et ale “Reale Streat and pointe North,” Nation, 22 april 1968, PPe 5290535 “Where is damea Earl Ray?" Nevaveek, 29 April 1968, Pe ah, “Whe killed King?* Hewnweek, 22 April 1968, pp. 31-33, “whe Killed King?!” Tine, 26 April 1968, pp. 20-21, “widening Search,” Time, 19 a herded tae i868, » inn _— tC Nate eu 9 Be r) veatbany! Reda clues hand prints, @ car chase and a silly emiie.” Life, 19 April 1968, ppe &0-60A ‘BS, ews gid Report end “Yaar later: honora for Dr, Kings violence, too." U.S, Keva end World Report, 14 Ap 1969. ». 8.
13-00000 18k, ROBERT P, RoCGDY “the Accused: " gad Sirhan,” fe, 2 ‘'y . te, & senator slats.” 9 ' ois RP Jume 1968, pp. 25-28, . TaSsHewn, and World Report, ree 8 Gan Beritege, Editera éf, RPK: LEC) Life and Death, Saw Yorks Dell, 296 Sebby Kennedy Record,* 3.3, Kevg and World Report, 6 Hay 1968, pp. 50-54, * Reaby: To be or Mot fo Ba, Newewrek, 29 January 1968, pp. 16-19, achley, WoFas de “hefiections os the Siraha erial,” Rational. Review, 12 March 1969, e es emaron, JM. barda, Joba, "Heomer of Speaking; TY coverage tnd tadie coverage," § furdey Review, 29 June 1968, p. 37, am m “leshieg syabeln.” Reveveck, 14 July 1969, pp. 364, fia Copactence of BPE,” Reporter, 22 Pebruary 1963, >, 12, veka, Terence J, “Zulogy ta Robert F, Kenedy, Delivered at the Funeral,” @aeal Speeches, 1 July 1968, pp. 547-548, wath ef a Democrat,” Aserica, 19 July 1969, p. 22, s - , Toledano, tale. RPE, tte Men Yho Would Be Freaident, Saw Yorks (GP. Putuen’s Seas, sued, BL. "Sirhan through tha leok. ase: veetd f Pad : " heck 1908 9 tee fog 8 3 soupy 6f peychiatrias fine, & rd peey teamed Bave “ngncet Saturday Eventing Peat, 20 April 1968, p. 88, atherty, Sid, "Wee Yorkew Mecp as PF Friends Patura Body." oa Angeles — Tees, 7? Joa 1968, pp. i, 12, ™ with Body ies nAtede, Ra. "Pirve Coure Appearance; Suspect Gives Impression of Cocky, arrogant Gonfidenca.* Loe Aneeten Times, 9 dune 1968 a, 25 stamily prone oo the way to a hostrun: @ e PP. Ay 35. with reperte by L. Vaiewright and T. Ho Write.” Life, 14 Jime 1968, pp. 32-~420, zh * . . ‘Aems, Jot J, “Brother Delive re Gulegy fer ‘cecd end Decent al Angeles Times, 9 Jame 1968, on. 1, 22. EY cee Sen Loe es 38. “im, BR 8 "Ney da Jome,® Hetalia, Jane 1978, pp. 38%, . “eratem, Dovid, “Trevelo with Bobby Kensedy," tarper’s, Joly 1968, pp. 1-68, ‘tai, Mal, “Lediemes A Test for bobby." New Yoth Ties Meraginen, § Hey 1966, pp. 32-99, 1, Gladwin, Kenvedy Seeta *Patuemely Critical ¢ Suupeet, Arab Iealgrent, Arraipoeds giiratéent pete Cand en Gamdidates.° Rew York Tires, 6 Juse 1968, pp. 1, 20, e P:%, a . RES rears. @@ Cubat an Insider’s émalyaia, Sewrnmrenal, 22 Reveaber 1968, pp. "ton, wn be Srecfal Unit Senator: 87% Auaesainat fon, Hew Yorks Readow House “oop Cooeplraciest” Hinerity ef don teaber 1988, pp. * “iva wa. Eewmedg: the Odds," cy oes ae dy B.S, Rewn od Yorid Report, 29 April. 1968 28=30 *mtible Tear of "68: fear ef Shock. Life, 1D Jeoaary 1969, a 337, "re . tid eatery one latest Bobbp-187 break, D.8, Seve nad Vortd Report, 2 April 1968, PRe 4 "0, Godfrey, Why Pohere Kennedp woe Killed, tw Yorks thied Press, 1970. 2 Sd, 1968" (a pen). See, October 196A, pp. 12-13, : v we. Sirhan,” firumurek, 3 Map 1969, pp. 34%, . ce, Pebest Risin, "Conversations fim jail with Sich . 2? Jewuary 1969, pp. 20-25, we, EFF Peet Me, Rew Tork: Grove Preas, 1970, : ; oul, ‘ae, “Rerne rdy Made Lach of his 42 veara comet,” Los fogelva Tinea, 7 June 1968, “Wpe dy e ws Thoms 3 “The Fire of your Love (June $, 1968}," fzerica, 15 Jana 1968, beck ady Asasasination: relighas overtones." Christian T 21 June 1968 #9 ‘edy Condidacy.” Chrigtion Cestury, 27 March” Sy aro PPs Sto, mene Be Senne dy Ceune," Rew Sorubife, 15 June 1968, pp. Ju, ; des ipeae ration fee Providing thea Wich Strength and Hope." Hew York Tiers, la June ‘ o Phe dy Jb, ; : o Pater. “Suspect called calm and lucid, ..Sithin desertbes himself as Jordanian bom ti Jerusalen,” New_York Times, 6 June 1668, pp. 1, 21. ‘ en a father,” Pine, 7) March 1969, p. 27. “t, Toa, “Preatdent aets Sunday an dav ten, y for mourning." Loa Angelen Tina. F tome ince DBD. Milsatag word: renetar ® foe we tem a, & Game Rnaning Melt,” Life, “From Englends the death of Keunady." Coumomenal, 28 June 1968, BP» 429- . “Ais tt Bébby Bemaedys lnterviey edited by Orions Pallact,” Look, 26 Srcaubar 1967, "Pada, .* Renney fi Eisheny nt Hew York: Slew Morld Presa, 1966, toons, i "4 Bie o ha jag wi o" Ave Magia, 26 Octeber 39635 ype $e 1988, Be 3 1966 ; : fre Bersblte, 22 ow achce’ Seamer 1968, po. 578-508 Gomararl Gineseckenetes ae, ‘6 fa ; @, em Gerefee iis drishing. the Ma Hefis, Feush Sinatra, Goma, Hi l ly E I *“ogher and een,” 1? Pebreary 1969, po 33. came on. Meggewidge, Maleola, ahion of Sanatet BF, Eeanady.” Eaquige, Bovedher 1966, Mavasky, Victer. “Robert P, Rennedy, Martia 1 Ring, Jol. Seower ~ who did ft to all . : Atientie, Hovesber 19 : : “wow clone in 7K deaths van there a plot” 0.6, Reve and World Report, 24 June 1968, fewfield, Sack, “Reunady Leys Out @ Gat Campaign.” Life, 20 March 1968, pps 28-31, “Retes aad Comme." ew Yorker, 15 “ 1966, ppe 21-2 omen, Kew Yorker, 22 June 1966 pe 9. O'kesakar, Kari. "Down tha Prinary Stretch, Cron Indions to Oregon.” Matin, 27 May 1968, pp. 682, ° . “Qnee Again, Once Agaie.” Bewauech, 17 Jume 2968, pp. 20-40. _, Gabome, John, “Webrasha Prinaty, the ifs, onda, and bata.” New Republic, 28 May 1968, a 909, . . “Geher Sirhent teatiamny ef presecetian’s peychiatriat,” Rewmmeh, 14 April 1969, ppe . es “Paychiaty on trial.” Bationel Review, 6 Mey 1969, pp. 427-428, Reaves g Richard, “The Mahing of @ Cendidste 1966," Rew York Tings Nagecine, 31 March 1968, pp. 23-27, Raich, Ken. “HeCarthy Suspends Political Activities; Aske Preyer Vigil.” los Apgeles Tisea, 6 June 1968, p.8 18, . Reichley, A.J. “He's Ruming Hieself Out of the Rees,” Fortune, March 1968, pp. Al2-Li “AFR.” Giristian Century, 83 (1968), bag hens Prt tire fesve . “Re Bob Kenne ime," Look, Juma es 2 : “nt the man, the teas, the trage * US, ews and World Repost, 17 June 1968, pp. 16=16, . Resman, David, "HeCarthy and Kennedy.” Sew Een ite. 13 forth 4966, pp. 22°23, “Robert F, Kennedy and the Negro.” Shong, July 1968, pps 3 ; Roberta, 8.¥, si ehen B. Sirhan Ldterary negotietions,” Faequire, Nowesher 1970, pRe tiene "bobby's Deeteton," Look, 16 April 1968, pp. 72-80 Rogers, Warren, 5 a) gion, * @ PRs Fa-o0, togere, Warren and Stanley Tretich, “The Bob Kennedy va Know,” Leok, 9 Jely 1968, ppo Ro, : ; : . Rovere, Richard H, .“Lecters (rem Weshiagton.” Hew Yorker, 13 June 1968, pp. 90-96, Scheer, Robert, “The Wight Bobby Died.” Ramparte, 10 August 1968, pp. 36-58, Schlesinger, Arthue MH. “Why £ am for Kennedy.” New Repubide, 16 May 1968, pp. 39-40, . “Second thoughte on Bobby.” Time, 21 Jue 1968, p. 48, "Selectivity in Los Angeles.” Time, 3 January 1965, p. 40. Shiheb, Asia, Sishan. Sen Antonie: Keylor Co., 1969, “Shock of wioleece hite the campaign.” Suainees Veok, & June 1968, pps 38-42. “Girkan gufity.” Senter Scholaatie, 2 fey 1949, p. 19. “Sighen takes the atand." Neveveek, 1? Harch 1969, 9, 37, “Sichang tragedy of the sheurd,” Newevack, 24 March 1969, po 324. “Sichan's tracey teatimony of psychiatrist." Rexsyeet, 7 April 1969, pe Be "Sishen's Yerdict.” Tima, 25 April 1969, pp. 21-22, . ; "Socking it to ‘ems Travels with Bobby.” Time, 3 April 1968, ep, 22-23. 1». Sorensen, Theodore G@. "RFK: @ Peraonal Memoir.” Saturday Review, 22 June 1968, po 19. ' Steinbecker, Joba. BIR: ‘The Men, the Myaticism, the Hurder. lee Angeles: leport Pubiishera, 1969, “7.8.8. teom Washington; who's guilty,” as Repsblis. 35 dune 1968, po 26 “Taking the oath,” Hewaveek, 25 Auguat a Po 42, : - "Test canes renponses te peychalogteal teats,” Newsweek, ? April 1969, pp. 94-95. “Three Assassinations.” Minerity of One, 20, are (i968), 43=16, * the Gas Chander.” Tim, 2 1969, p. 29. ; . a Temosnds Dorothy. "Witaess ie Teiorta nicl said "We Shot Hin'.” Los Anselee Tines. 6 June
13-00000 28 "verdict on Sicha.” Wevweek, 26 April 1969, pp. 41¢, Weiss, F. sed NM, Mannen, WRefleetions on a tragedy.” Seventeen, August 1968, pp. 194= 393. ° “mat wee im Sirhen*e mind?” Tiwe, 24 Jeuary 1969, p. 34. Weick, Pacl R. “the Cregen Privary,” New Renublic, @ Jume 1968, pp. Ap-15. “Sin of lesa, the Primary Players.” Life, ? June 1968, pp. 39-43, Wiese, David, “How Bobby Plans to Wim 2¢." Saturday Evening Psat, 2 June 1968, pp. 23-27. “Weenesses speck.” Neveveek, 24 June 1968, po. 2627, Yeaeum, Robert, “Kennedy amd MeCarthy: 1965-1967 Voting Record.” New Republic, 11 May 1968, pp. 23-27. —_ 4 mo ee
13-00000 6 It's the first lie detector that can be used on a dead man. It works on tapes and other voice recordings 9 by George O'Toole | | Tre rulars of the state are the only ones who should have the privilege of lying, either at home or abroad, they may be allowed to lie for the good of the state. —Plato: The Republic, Book Three it's a little frightening. The machine can listen to what you're saying and tell, with . a high degree of reliability. whether or not you are lying. It's called the Psychological . Stress Evaluator, and it is, in effect, a lie detector. Unlike the polygraph, it needs . 0 physical connection to the subject: therefore it can be used without his knowledge. - it works from recordings of his voice, so anything on tape, sound track or phonagraph record is tair game for the machine. It is the first lie detector that can be used on 'a@dead man. Early thig year, one of these instruments came into my hands. | resolved to use it to probe one of the darkest mysteries of recent history, the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. | set about collecting every recording | could lay my hands on _of anyone who had any direct knowledge of the affair. Soon | had compiied the tape- _ recorded testimony of twenty-two persons-~eyewitnesses, Dallas policemen, the pathologist who conducted the autopsy, members and staff of the Warren Commission, Jim Garrison, Clay Shaw, and even Ear! Warren. l ran the tapes through the PSE sysiematically, taking each controversial point in ‘turn. Did the rifle which balonged to Lee Harvey Oswald kill President Kennedy? Was Oswald the killer? Were others involved? What of those mysterious autopsy phote- graphs which the Warren Commission never saw—do they support the Commission's lone-gunman, single-builet theory? And what about the Warren Commission itself? Did its mambers conspire to cover up the truth? Stowly a picture emerged. it is blurred, and it is not the picture | expected. Not all the details are there, but | guarantee this: you may believe the lone-gunman theory of the Warren Report, or you may believe the government-conspiracy theory of Mark Lane, Jim Garrison and others, but either way you are wrong. The PSE is not a crystal ball. It was invented as an interrogation aid, a function it performs well. To my knowledge, this was the first instance of its use as a tool for historical research. To understand what ! did with.the PSE, one should know some- thing about the device itself. i first heard of the Psychological Stress Evaluator last year, when | met two of its inventors, Allan D. Bell, Jr., and Charles R. McQuiston. Beli and McQuiston, both former lieutenant colonels, retired from Army Intelligence several. years ago to form a company called Dektor Counterintelligence and Security, Inc. It was a logical second career for the two men. Both are experts in the technology of espionage. Either one could pick the lock on your front door in less time than it takes you to find your key. Colonel Bell wears a Black Belt in karate, is an accomplished swordsman and small-arms expert, and has a dozen inventions to his credit, from anti-bugging devices toa miniaturized microdet camera. Colonel McQuiston is one of the foremost polygraph experts inthe U.S., aspecialist in radio and audio surveillance, and a qualilied locksmith.
13-00000 polygraph. Standard polygraphs uré four variadles: pulse,. blood pres- respiration arid perspiration. Some: neasure additional physiological vari- The more variables measured. the raitable the polygraph. i and McQuiston discovered that the encies composing the human voice ot fixed: they shift very siightly from to fourteen times every second. But ine speaker is under stress, this nor- requency modulation disappears. remains are the pure component fre- ries of tha vsice. And a strong indica- tat the sceaxer is lying. 2 two men developed a device to tihis phaacmanon and planned to use an addtional! “channel” on the poly- . Thea trey discovered that the new ole was so reiiaple and accurate a ure of psyshatogical stress there was no nee2 ts measure the other poly- vanad‘ss. ad from the racessity of strapping the ct into a chair. stretching a pneumo- ic tube across his snest, gluing elec- i to his paims. and ciamping his arm blood-pressure cull, the PSE proved much rro-a versatile than the poly- . Because it can work from a tele- ! or tape recorder, the PSE can be zal presence of the subject. <ed Colones: Bell to tell ma about some things the PSE was being used for, ially cases in which a conventional ‘aph couldn't be used. He mentioned 8 police in Howard County, Maryland, wen using the PSE for two years, they iad great success in establishing the ance af suspects who were afraid to tto a polygraph examination because machine's forbidding aspect. i went on to describe some of his ion’s other uses, actual or potential. ‘and the Federal government are ex- j its use as a defense against skyjack- id telephoned bomb threats, and as ns.of speeding up customs inspec- Some doctors and psychiatrists are PSEs to study patients’ physica! and | stress. The National Committee to igate Aerial Phenomena, a private that investigates UFO reports, is sing the PSE to Interview witnesses ) sightings. ced Bell if he would lend me a PSE zriment with, in order to write a piece he device. He agreed, with two con- . First, | must take Dektor's three-day in operating the instrument; second, ising the PSE, { must review my station of its output with his staff, in srest of accuracy. This seemed rea- e, sO | agreed. .. sourse was held in the meeting roo diday Inn in Falls Church, Virginia. jht other-students.uere employees | tomers who had purchased the . These included a private detective 1 in Pennsylvania, a New York chain 20. Gs pene” - . 7 “yg o<-- : Pow gy ERT GETS ct rource me agunETUTE Ty VEOrENsES EERE RIETREE te . African country. The instructor was Mike the PSE. There is, first of all, ihe matter of Kradz, a criminologist and retired police the “oulside issue.” o ae officer. Kradz projects tre tough-cop Most people, Kradz pointed out, have image, but he is a living rebuttal te the Po- sore sort of deep secret they don't want - , lisn joke. Tiare is nothing about forensic known. When faced with 2 polygraph exami-. - science, from fingerprints to polygraphy.on nation. a person may be more concemed =~ which the man is not ar. eapert. thai this outside issue may come te light . The first morning of the course was than he is about the actual substance of devoted to the physica! operatian of the the interrogation. This can produce irrele- _ PSE. Tne device is used.in conjunction with vant stress in some of his answers, and mis- a Uher tape recorder. whicnhasfourspeeds iead the examiner. Therefore it is is neces- and can be manually wound back tolocate sary for the examiner to interview the sub- a particular point onthe tape. The testimony ject before the examination, go over alt of to be evaluated is recorded atatape speed the questions ha intends to ask, and assure of 7% inches per second, therrplayed back the subject he will ask only these questions. and stopped at the beginning of the utter- ance in question. The recorder ig slowed | ran my first real interrogation tape. — to 15.16 inches per second and piayed. The The interrogation always includes the sound, no longer recognizabie as ahuman question. “Are you afraid that I will ask you voice, is a long, low rumbie. about something we have not discussed?” The PSE itselfis builtintoanattachécase. A negative answer with no sign of stress” ‘The case opens to reveal a chart drive. sim- eliminates the outside-issue problem. Also, ilar te an electrocardiograph, and aanumber the examiner always asks some innocuous of buttons and knobs. A single cable con~ questions, such as, “De you like the color nects the PSE to the tape recorder. blue?" in order to observe the subject's As the tape recorder reels slowly tum, 9®neral state of tension. And there is always and a rumble issues from its speaker, the °@ “red-herring” quéstion. PSE stylus dances back and forth across , The red herring is used to identify the _ ragged trail. Then the recorder is stopped, Shows stress when he responds to any _ the chart paper is stopped, and that's all accusatory question. The examiner may without the knowledge or even the there is to it. The result is a strip of paper 88k. “Did you steal the watch?” when it is with a squiggly line. The rest is up to the ™ONey. not a watch, that Is missing. A human eye and brain. . Stressed denial will alert the examiner, who . On the afternoon of the first day, Kradz Carefully compares this response to the showed us what to look for. The unstressed Stress produced by questions about the voice looks like an untrimmed hedge, with MSSing money. Do stalks of different heights sticking up (and __ That night the class was given tapes of down) at irregular intervals. But add some ‘ea! police interrogations. In most cases, stress, and that hedge begins to look Kradz was the examiner, and in every case, . |had reason to semember this later, when . trimmed. The greater the stress, the he knew the background and resolution of nineteen the matter. One case | was assigned cor-- cermed a young man accused of stealing money from his father’s store. Kradz started by asking the “outside-issue” question. No, the young man replied, he was not afraid Kradz would ask him a question they hadn't discussed. Then the following exchange | The more | read, the more | doubted - the official account of . what happened that day in Dallas 9 smoother the shape. Hf the subject was experiencing the hard stress which accom panies deception, the over-all outline of the figure tends to take on a rectangular shape, a concertina as seen by the player. Kradz showed slide after slide of charts made dur- ing actual police interrogations. He told us the background of each case and pointed out the teil-tale signs of deception, when- ever they were present. That night each student took a PSE back . to his room to practice operating it. Some coordination must be leamed to become facile in handling the recorder and the PSE, but clearly the difficult part of the course -would be leaming how to read and interpret the charts. The next day we learned the theory of “took place: “Do you live in Howard County?” - “Yes.” ote “Do you suspect someone of having taken the money?” : oe ” “No.” . “Are you wearing a white shin?” - “Yes.” “Do you know who took the money?” “No.” ; “Are you wearing a ring?” “Yes.” “Did you take the money?” “No.” , There wera a few red-herring questions to check for the. guilt complex response. The questions about wearing a white shirt and a ring and living in Howard County had been included te measure the backgraund stress elicited by irrelevant issues. °°~ . { ran the tape and charted it on the PSE. All But two of his responses were din- stressed. The question about’suspecting
13-00000 vearing a ring?” In fact, his yes to that accompanied by such stress as | had anly once or twice in the'class slides. 2 next morning Kradz called on me. he suspect take the money, hé asked. {1 didn't think so. Kradz nodded. Did spect who took the money? Yes, ! iht he did. Very good, said Kradz. Did ce anything else about the interroga- Well, yes, there was this business t the ring. Perhaps the suspect had 1 it. Kradz smiled. No, the kid hadn't ithe ring, but he was gay. He had anged rings with another guy. Nobady about it. The kid didn’t really expect asked about it, because Kradz had aver all the questions with him. Still, he ring was mentioned, he panicked. re third day of the course, ! had begun 2 some thought te whal | might do ie PSE. | was particularly interested fact that the device works from a tape ‘ing. Sound-recording technology is ta century old (Edison invented the gfaph in 1877), and an enormous it of history is stored on phonograph g, sound tracks, and tape and wire ings. | thought how many press con- es, interviews and public pronounce- are stored away in the film and tape 25 of the world, and how many ques- ould be settled if we knew for certain situation, | wondered if it could be used the way | had hoped, as a fool for historical research. During the lunch break | took Kradz aside and asked him. Could the PSE be used out- side interrogations, where the speaker was telling what may or may not have hap- pened? Yes, he said, the PSE could be used for that. Where there was no stress, | could be confident that the speaker was telling the truth. However, when | did find stress, i had to be very careful about reaching con- clusions about its cause; it could result from something other than deception. But if | found a stress pattem in the testimony of several witnesses to the same event, | would very probably have uncovered deception. Encouraged, |! reviewed the list of recent mysteries. Watergate was, of course, the first to come to mind. The ITT affair was also of recent interest. The Kent State inci- dent had never been fully cleared up. But one subject seemed fo loom above all the rest—the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Like many others, | have found it difficult to belleve the Warren Report. When Mark Lane's book came out, | read it carefully. i read much of the other criticism of the Warren Commission's findings. The more | read, the mare | doubted the official ac- count of what happened that day in Dallas. _ {waited for the real story to emerge. it didn't. -; Voiceprintsbythe § 0 ee . Psychological StressEvaluator .. ~.- ' Of former chief justice re _- EarlWarreninMay,1972 |. - Indicating hard stress on. the words “no evidence.” detaiis of the controversy dimmed in my mind, leaving only a dull residue of doubt. {had despaired of ever leaming the truth. - Now | knew what to do with the PSE. . it was all there: the statements made before television cameras by eyewitnesses, _ policemen, medical examiners, members of the Warren Commission. Somewhere in a network-television vault were the sound tracks, with the tiny, inaudible variations in voice frequency that could settle once and for ali the question, “Did Oswald, acting alone, shoot and kill John F. Kennedy?” My immediate problem was getting me tate _ ee access to the recordings. | was certain the telavision networks would have them, but i wasn’t sure exactly what to ask for. There must be thousands of hours of sound recordings relating to the assassination. Where, among all this talk, was the critical testimony? { started digging and soon discovered the existence of a group called the National Committee to Investigate Assassinations, located in Washington, D.C. | called the number listed in the telephone directory and was soon speaking to Bob Smith, the ~ Committee's Research Director. t told Smith that | was a writer and wanted to do a piece on the John F. Kennedy assassination. | asked him for an interview, and he agreed. We met in the offices of Bernard Fenster-
13-00000 Dy S waza i) 5 wED TRON PAGE 4 a successful criminal lawyer and tor of the Committee, in a modern building a few blocks from the White 2. Fensterwaid is a small. dapper man i thin seard. Smith is a lean, intense smoter, Soin men appeared to be inforees. ore we Sagin.” tsaid. “I think I should On that i used to work for the CIA.” ve rus acress it often, the theory that iA Higa Kannedy. It ssams_ absurd . and i Gin? saneve it. | worked there @2 years ana nevar saw or heard any- suggesting the Agency was involved " assass:*ation. | never met anyone | thoug7: cacabie of doing it. SHI, : learnes through bitter experience of ispicion wnich attaches to former in- ance offfcas. Epidemics of paranoia 0 accormca*y us Through life. | thought {ter get nat issue out of the way. ith anc Fensterwald exchanged es and smiled. Fensterwald told me ley did net necessarily believe the CIA sin theery. ang they certainly didn't talking <6 s formar Agency employea. ieved, | began to outline my project. :d if they had heard of the PSE. Both were dimly aware of it. | described svice and started to detail the way it be used as a research tool. They im- itety understood what! was proposing vere tremendously enthusiastic. Yes, iaid, there were many key statements 1e somewhere, and they would be glad mpile specific references for me. ermore, they could, in some cases, je me with the tape. They said they — i be in contact when they had some- for me. se | was waiting, | experimented with E. | telephoned a friend and told him “the device. | asked if he was willing iy a little game to test It oul, and he id. He picked a number batween one on. Fasked him, “Is the number one?" e number two?” and so on, and he ered no each time. | recorded his nses. ran them through the PSE and j him back. The number he picked, him, was five. was dumbfounded. He had not heard | PSE and had thought | might be con- 1g some elaborate joke at his expense. hen | called back and correctly iden- the number he had picked, he realized serious. And he was shocked. layed the same game several times xhers and did not always have similar 2ss. With Bernard Fensterwald, | was gnly to narrow the answer down to two 16/5, one of which turned out to be cor- PENTHOUSE stain as ‘ig not always present. De Le ne problem with this. game is that the plaver knows ‘hat it is just-that. He knows that I know he is lying, itis a socially acceptable situation. ana tnere is noihing at stake. The Stress. which accompanies real deception { obtained a tape recording from CBS News of a portion of a Sixty Minutes program in which Mike Wallace interviewed Clifford Irving. The interview took place during the height of the controversy, while Irving was still claiming to have gotten Howard Hughes’ life story through a series of inter- views with the billionaire. It was a consum- mate job of lying, embellished with such convincing details as Irving's disagreement with his colleague Susskind about whether ‘ Hughes kept his organic prunes in a paper or a plastic bag. Sixty Minutes re-ran the segment after irving’s confession because the man’s sheer virtuosity as a prevaricator was amazing. | was interested in the inter- view for a different reason: at the height of the controversy, Irving had been given a polygraph examination and had passed it. lwanted to see if the man. who had beaten — the conventional lie detector could also beat the PSE. {selected a point in the interview atwhich Mike Wallace suggested that Irving had not. interviewed Howard Hughes, but had hap- pened on some transcripts of Hughes’ state- ments. Irving asked how he could have hap- pened on them. Wallace rejoined, “Where did you happen on those transcripts?” Irv- ing replied, “! got the transcripts fram ‘Howard Hughes.” | charted this statement on the PSE. it was a perfect example of total stress, horizontally blocked, with the smooth, “trimmed-hedge” wave form. Clifford Irving was a master liar, and he had beaten the polygraph, but he would have been caught by the PSE. A tew days after our first meeting, | received a cail from Bob Smith. He had turned up a few things for me. | visited him at the Committee's office in downtown Washington. He gave me a tape recording and a typewritten transcript. The recording was the Louis Lomax television program of Sunday, October 16, 1966. Wesley Liebler, a member of the Warren Commission's staff, was the quest. The transcript was of a CBS -News television program entitled The War- ren Report, which had been broadcast in four one-hour segments on June 25, 26, 27 and 28, 1967. | examined the transcript. The programs had been narrated by Walter Cronkite and other CBS newsmen. They reviewed every major point of controversy that had been raised by the critics of the Warren Report, inierviewing eyewitnesses, Dallas police- men, medical examiners. ballistic special- isis and many others who had some inside knowledge of the assassination of John F. Kennedy. For what | had in mind, it was a gold mine. i telephoned CBS and learned that | could get. @ copy of the program's Next | played the Lomax-Liebler tape. Apparently Mark-Lane had beln on san - eariier Lomax program, and sow Liebler © was on fo rebut him. i didn't need the PSE - to anow that Liebler was stressed. He seemed very agitated, and his breathing . audibly indicated his tension, He was angry adout the things Lane had said, the ques- tions Lomax was asking him. and the reac- ticn of the studio audience. Given his highly emotional state, he did not seam a very promising subject for the PSE. Nonetheless, i decided to give it a try. Charting a tape with the PSE is a iong and tedious process. and it was impractical to chart the entire program: { ran some of Liebler's statements which were not in dis- pute and discovered, as | had expected. @ great deal of stress. He was pretty charged up. Most of the exchange between Liebler: Lomax and the audience was.argumenta-- — tive and did not deal with specific factual points. ft found two key statements by Lieb- ler, though, and | charted them. The first statement, iri response toa ques- tion by Lomax, was, “i have no doubt about the conclusions of the [Warren] Report.” Plenty of stress was evident, but not much . more than in other statements. The second statement related to those Warren Commission documents which were not inciuded in the Report—they were | locked up in the National Archives. Lomax asked Liebler if there was anything in the documents which would alter Liebler's opinion. Taken literally, it was a strange - question, since Liebler had seen the docu- ‘ments and, if they would alter his opinion, they would already have done so. Lomax probably meant to ask if the documents would conflict with the conclusions of the Warren Report. Whatever Liebier thought the question meant, he answered quickly, “Oh, none, none at all.” The PSE showed much more stress here than during any of . Liebler's other statements. It was all pretty confused and fuzzy, and it didn’t tell me more than I'd already known: Wesley Liebler was pretty upset when he appeared on the Louis Lomax program. 3 hoped that the CBS tapes would yield more enlightening results. i finally received a call from CBS's Washington office saying the tapes had arrived. i broke a few traffic laws getting there to pick up the tapes and returning to my apartment. | had already selected the points | wanted to check from the transcript of the program. | mounted the first tape on the recorder. ran it down to the first point of interest. and turned on the PSE. For the next three days and nights, f ran charts. When I finished, | had a4 splitting headache, my kitchen floor was ankle deep in chart paper, but | had a much clearer idea of what did and did nat happen that day in Datias. Before | describe my results, i feei ‘that { must offer the reader a few comments. and
13-00000 ater ad. ipmas not been vaiidated ior nistutica: research. Even though Tamia: with the machine beliave at be used in this way, my project first attempt to do so. i easier to damonstrate «with the PSE peaker is telling the truin than to 1 is lying. Strass can be caused by “her tran deception: but the ab- if stress 1s an extremely reliable on of iruinfulness. Of course, the é of siess. does not prove that a mnbas tres 2. only that the speaker tte ee treg hosgr | fo. nda great a2! of stress umaty cfoes assass-"3"9R lanes. igie ‘instance can [ say that the in- was lying. ] co'n this out not only ct mysa:f from liga! suits Gut bee ain ne meraily certain any one indi- 7a not ieicng tne trut. netheless. stress in the testimony witnesse¢ ic the same event makes lematica! propability oveswnelming past sorre of them were lyirg. : points sculd mot be parta- illus- han tne, were by tne Jim Gar- lay Shaws Aifair. 30n, it may oe recalled, was the New 3 District Attorney who, In 1967, |to have ssived the Kennedy assas- . He orasented an elaborate case a loca! businessman, Clay Shaw, 2°S. aS ™3 TSers of an assassination acy. In one of the hour-long pro- we CBS interviewed Garrison, Shaw, . other people involved i in Garrison's’ 3ns. interview, Garrison was hostiie and make many firm, factual stataments test with the PSE. However, he did sere’s no question about it [that he | ow the assassination had been car- ]..- we know the key individuals 1... there is no question about the : conspirators) were there [in Dealy ”“ The PSE showed gocd ta hard n each of these slalements. | also oncontroversial staternent of Gar- 1s a contrci: “Oswald was not killed t the mevie theater where he was ij." and found no stress. Garrison's wis about his case againgt Clay rongly indicated deception. ran some statements by Clay Shaw his inveivement in such a conspir- 4 denying ever knowing or meeting rey Oswald. | also ran a control nt. Shaw turned out to be heavily i throughout. vas not particularly surprising. The a been accused of consgiring to tne President of the United States 3 being interviewed about it before yn cameras. He would have to have pretty ceol customer not to show stress. even if he were telling the e truth. ng that both Garrison and Shaw : stress was not an encouraging valid evidence linking Shaw to the assassi- nation and then, in the time-honored tradi- tion of prosecutors, invented the rest of his case. But Shaw's stress could easily be the resuit of his predicament, and Garrison's might also be the result of some outside issue. The situation was ambiguous. { ran the testimony of Lee Odom. Odom, a Dailas businessman, was attempting to explain the mysterious coincidence of the post office box numbers. It seems that the Dalias post office box number 11906 agpeared in the notebooks of both Clay Shaw and Lee Harvey Oswaid. In his tes- timony. Odom stated that hé could not account for the number appearing in Oswaid’s notebook, he knew how it gat inta Shaw's. It was Odom's box number, and he had given it to Shaw. whom he'd met by chance on a business trip to New ‘Orleans. The PSE showed hard stress dur- ing his statement. No unrelated control statement was available for me to run for comparison. This didn't really clear things up. There were several obvious alternative explana: - tions for Odom's stress. For example, there @ Deception is not proved by stress, but given enough witnesses’ testimony, the PSE is able” - _ to arrive at the truth 9 had been a number of rather unsavory allegations in the press about Clay Shaw, unrelated to the Garrison charges. Odom may have felt extremely uncomfortable about linking himself to this man in any way. The coincidence of the box numbers seemed very suspicious, but Bob Smith of the Committee had pointed out to me that ‘both Shaw's and Oswaid's notebooks were filed with numbers, so the chance of such a coincidence was not that remote. At this point | began to wonder if the tele- vision camera was the “outside issue” in every case. Perhaps just being on television will so thoroughly rattle the average person that, lying or not, he is going to show stress on the PSE. | checked this out by recording and charting a number of people on tele- vision programs—public officials, men in the street, even witnesses to a particularly gruesome accident. There was occasional stress. but it never reached the high level | was finding in the assassination tapes. { also recalled something else which put my mind to rest on this point: the PSE had been used to analyze the statements of con- - and-so” with an accuracy of better than 94 | percent. The problem obviously was. not the. television camera. . “ ran the testimony of William Gurvich on ..- the PSE. Gurvich had been Garrison's chief mo aide in the investigation of Clay Shaw until he resigned, charging Garrison with wrong- - doing. He said. “The truth as! see itis that © Mr. Shaw should neverhave been arrested.” He was asked if Garrison had known of car- tain illegal and unethical methods Gurvich © had alleged were being used by Garrison's stalf. He answered, “Yeah, of course he did. He ordered it.” There was no stress in Mr. Gurvich’s statements. The PSE showed that he believed wnat he was saying. - Obviously | did not have enough tes- . timony from a large enough number of wit- .. nesses to Create a detailed picture of the Garrison-Shaw affair, but itseems probable . that, at the very least. Garrison did not have much of a case against Shaw (a view later held by a New Orleans jury) and likely that Shaw was completely innocent of complic- . ity in the assassination. The lesson of this episode is twofold. First, stress in any one: person's testimony does not prove decep- tion. Second, given enough testimony by |” different witnesses, the PSE can arrive at ‘the truth. The first person | ran on the PSE who had any direct knowledge of the assassination was Oswald's widow, Marina. Unfortu-. nately, only one of her statements was on ‘the CBS tapes—ihat Oswald had owned a ; rifle. The PSE said she was telling the truth, The rifle had been one of the major points of controversy raised by critics of the War- ren Report. The debate centered on two © 7 points: whether the Manniicher-Carcand alleged to have belonged to Oswald was the rifle found by the Dallas police in the Texas School Book Depository,andwhether . that particular gun could have heenthe mur- | der weapon. On the tapes, Darrell C. Tomlinson, an employee of Parkland Hospital, testified that he had found a rifle bullet ona strefcher . which he believed had carried Governor Connally. Thera was no stress in his state- ment. The PSE said he was telling the truth. Or. Joseph 0. Nicol, Superintendent of the Bureau of Criminal! Investigation for the State of filinois. ran ballistic tests on bullet fragments found in the presidential limou- sine, and on the intact bullet found by Tom- finson. Nicol testified that both the intact buliet and the bullet fragments had been fired by the Mannlicher-Carcano. He. too. was apparently telling the truth. Deputy Constable Seymour Weitzman of. the Dallas police claimed that he found Oswaid’s Mannlicher-Carcano on ihe sixth fleor of the Texas School Book Depository. - However, on the day of the assassination, he had told the press that the rifle he'd found was a German Mauser. The following day -he signed an affidavit to that effect. But on | the CBS tapes he testified that he had been ‘mistaken about that point, that it had really
13-00000 sable stress in his statements. atrolmnan Gerald L. Hill testified that he id trrée. spent bullet hulls on the floor eath the window from which the fatal ts allegedly were fired. Tne PSE showed i stress in his statements. xe rifle was one of the principal points d by the Warren Commission to link vald to the assassination. The PSE sub- itlated the testimony that Oswald owned fle and that the evidence supplied te allistics expert indicated this rifle was murdar weapon. However, the PSE did subsiantiate the controversial claims of las police regarding the discovery of evidence. ‘ he hospital employee was apparently ng the truth when he recounted finding bullet on a stretcher at Parkland Hospi- but many critics have charged that the ‘et had been ¢eliberately planted there. 3 is the fancus “single bullet” which the. rren Report says passed through the lies of both ine President and Governor nally, and then lodged in Connally's. 3t. Several researchers have tried to aat this, firing the same type of bullet ‘the wrist of a cadaver. The bullets never ained perfectly intact, as the one found he stretcher, they became twisted lumps sad and copper. he secona link between Oswald and the assination is the charge that he killed cer Tippitt. a Dalias policeman, while ‘ing from the scene of the first shoating. umber of eyewitnesses have testified ‘they saw Oswald shoot Tippitt, and one ham, Domingo Benavides; was inter- ved on the CBS tapes. rie was asked vere was any doubt in his mind that vald was the man he saw shoot Tippitt. replied, “No, sir, there wag no doubt ill.” There was absolutely no stress in statement. He was telling the truth. he killing of Officer Tippitt by Oswald fueled the fires of controversy over the rren Report. Tinpitt was far fram his usual. it when he was shot. Some witnesses e@ alleged that Tippitt and Oswald were n together in Jack Ruby's nightclub. y theorize that the three men were part in assassination conspiracy, and that pitt had been sent to silence Oswald, had been beaten to the draw. ‘he Dallas police radio dispatcher, cer Murray Jackson, was asked if he ught Tippitt knew Oswald, “No,” he lied, “I don't think he knew Oswald.” Did ‘kson know Oswald? “No,” answered kson, “I didn’t either.” The PSE showed wy Stress in both statements. emhaps the greatest source of con- ‘ersy over the Warren Report is it's claim : all the shots were fired by one gunman. ne eyewitnesses claim to have heard ts and seen gunsmoke in the area of w hillock ahead and to the right of the sidential motorcade. This hillock has re to be know? grassy knoll.” 3 of these witnesses was a railroad ker named S.M. Holland, wha observed PENTHONISF The PSE confirmed that he thought he had seen a puff of smoke on the knoll, but it could not support his claim that he had heard a shoi from that direction. Another witness, Charles Brehm, was quoted by Mark Lane as having said that he had seen a portion of the President's skull flying back over the left rear end of the limousine. Lane offered this as evidence of a shot from the grassy knoll. On the CBS tapes, Brehm stated heatedly that he had been quoted out of context, and emphatic- ally denied that any shots had come from the knoll. Despite his emotionai state, there was almost no stress in this statement. Officer Jacks of the Dallas police, who was riding in the limousine of Vice- President Johnson, denied that any of the shots had come from the direction of the grassy knoll. The PSE turned up a fair de- gree of stress. Three witnesses, Mrs. Caroline Walther, Arnotd Rowland and Howard Brennan, claimed to have seen gunmen in the win- dows of the Texas Schoo! Book Depository building. Mrs. Walther said she saw two _men, one armed with a rifle, the second Chief Justice Warren: “We explored both these theories and found no evidence that either group was involved" 9 ‘with a shorter gun. Rowland told the Warren Commission he had seen two men, one an elderly Negro, in the window Oswaid is alleged to have fired from, bul on the CBS tapes he claimed he had seen an armed man at a different window. The Commission relied heavily on the testimony of Brennan, who claimed to have seen a gunman in the “Oswald window" actually firing the last of the shots. The PSE showed hard stress in. the testimony of all three witnesses. Tne PSE analysis of the eyewitnesses’ testimony regarding the source of the shots is ambiguous. It supports Holland's claim to have seen a puff of smoke on the knoll, and Brehrn's deniai that any shots came from that direction, and it raises serious doubts about all other claims and counter- claims. This contradiction seems to result from the notorious unreliability of eyewit- nesses, perhaps compounded by a fair amount of fabrication. Deception, if it Is present hare, may have been motivated merely by a desire for attention. Or there may have been darker reasons. There is, however, other evidence and testimony that could shed some light on the existence, number and location of assas- sins other than Oswald. This brings us to perhaps the most dubious and controversial element in the Warren Commission's ver- sion of the eveni—the autopsy. nedy had been rushed to the emergency room at Parkland Hospital, where Dr Mal- colm Perry tried to save his life. The physi- cian saw that the President had suffered — a massive head wound and a smaller wound in the throat. Perry performed a tracheos- tomy, Cutting through the throat wound in an attempt to open a breathing passage. Afterward, when hope for the President had been abandoned, Perry met with the press and declared that the wound in the front of the neck had been an entry wound. The President's body was flown to Washington, D.C. There, approximately eight hours after the shooting, an autopsy was performed at Bethesda Naval Hospital. Because of the tracheostomy, the nature of — the neck wound could no longer be ob- served and was, at first, overlooked. Later, after consulting the Dallas doctors, the Bethesda pathologists concluded that it was an exit wound. The autopsy report Stated that there were two entry wounds, -one tow in the rear scalp and one at the right base of the neck; and two exit wounds, ‘the throat wound and a large irregular - wound on the right side of the head. The confusion was compounded when two FBI agents present at the autopsy reported that a wound had been found in’ the President's back, and that no corra- sponding exit wound had been located. Diagrams made during the autopsy seemed | to confirm this, showing the lower of the two entry wounds to be below the shoulders, not at the base of the neck. What became ‘of the bullet? The agents reported that - Bethesda doctors thought the bullet had dropped from the wound when the Dallas doctors attempted external heart massage. Bui this was the shot that the Commission claimed had passed through Kennedy and struck Governor Connally. . X-rays and color photographs of the av- topsy were made. The brain was removed from the body. Brain and skin tissue slides . ware prepared for microscapic examina- tion. Remarkably, the Warren Commission never asked ta see any of this evidence, relying instead solely on the testimony of Captain James J. Humes, one of the pathologists who conducted the autopsy. Even more incredible is the disappearance of the brain, the slides, and some of the photographs, which were alleged to have been turned over to the National Archives by the Bethesda Navai Hospital. Both Or. Perry and Captain Humes were interviewed on the CBS tapes. Perry was asked about the throat wound he’d seen when the President was brought to Parkland Hospital. His answer seamed evasive. He . neither confirmed nor denied that he had thought it was an eniry wound, talking in- stead about the difficulty of making such a determination and the fact that his atten- tion had been devoted to saving the Presi- dent's life. Then the interviewer asked him directly whether he had thought at the time that it was an entry wound. “Actually, tL didn't really give it much thought," he.replied.He. .
13-00000 JED Emer xd hard stress on the PSE. Unfortu- he mad= ro other definite staternent the nature of the wound. iftarviaw with Captain Humes was nformative. Just before the interview, 7, Humes bad re-examined the autap- aographs ang X-rays, and he dis- J them at ‘enath on the C35 tanes. “prams Sra. 4 during th2 acionsy, J. nad nei csen intended to precisely 8nt the iocation of the wounds. How- 1@ now g:cSuced a sketch which, he Jid represent these iocations accu- The interviewer asked. “Your re- ration of tha photographs verify that winds We-s as shown here?” 3, Sir,” he replied. No stress. 3 there any wounds other than one base of :-2 neck and one up in the “No, sir. inere were not.” Moderate not eneugh to suggest Ceception. there any doubt that the wound at ck of the President's head was an ‘ound? “Trere is absolutely no doubt, jain stress but again moderate. gether, ncw many wounds were “There v.er2 two wounds af entrance ROSS 994 o of exit.” At this point the stress be- lard. oo where were the entry wounds lo- ’“Posteriorly, one low in ihe right ar.scalp. and one in the bas# of the n the right.” Hard stress again. dhe be absolutely certain tnat what ji was an entry wound was. in fact, ‘as, indeed we can.” Hard stress. nterview with Humes was one of the 3t and most detailed on the CBS and | charned most of it with the PSE. clear to me that he believed much he was saying, but the frequent flick- of moderate stress and the occasian- es of hard stress suggested that he nearly as confident of his testimony claimed to be. As Dr. Perry had 1 out, sometimes it's not easy to tell y wound from an exit wound. tterviewer asked him one good “bot- 3" question: you nave any different conclusion, ferent ideas, any different thoughts ‘erseeing (the autopsy photographs] ‘han you had at that time?” ‘replied Captain Humes, “we think. ‘af up very well, and very closely, imony before the Warren Commis- iress was hard. Specter. one of the Warren Commis- rincipal investigators, also spoke on tapes. He said that the case agains! fitted together very weil, and that could. one find among actual crim- NTHOUSE we RT UTD! SUAS USE the charge: that the “Commission had been formed to whitewash the facts. The PSE said he was telling the truth. John McCloy. a member of the Warren Commission, said much the same thing, and added that he had seen no credible evidence to contradict the findings of the Commission. The PSE backed him up on this. but it failed to do so when, speaking of the Warren Report, he said, “There was nothing fraudulent about it.” Here the PSE showed hard stress. if Specter and McCloy were as confident as the PSE shows them to be in the truthful- ness of the Warren, Rerort, what could b2 frauduient about iT Perhaps the snippin3 off of a few loose ‘ends, the suppression of a few pieces of inconvenient evidence which conflicted with a version of events they believed to be essentially true. . The one man who could be expected to have the most informed opinion regarding the work of the Warren Commission is former Chief Justice Earl Warren himself. He had declined to be interviewed on the Ces program in 1967, but he did appear on television in May, 1972, in an interview “...we found no evidence of any kind that there was any conspiracy.” There was very hard stress on “no evidence” 9 which was part of a series called The Bran- deis Television Recollectians. Bob Smith of fhe Committee provided me with the tape. The interview was an hour long, but the Kennedy assassination and the Warren Commission came up only once. The inter- viewer, Abram Sachar, Chancellor of Bran- deis University, was friendly and deferen- tial. | charted some of Warren’s remarks unrelated to the assassination and found that he was generally unstressed. Sachar raised the subject of the Commission obliquely, and Warren volunteered several rather lengthy statements about it . Warren said that immediately after the as- sassination there were two theories, one that Khrushchev and Castro were behind the killing, the other that a group of right-wing Texas oilmen were responsible. He said: “We explored both of those theories for ten months and found no evidence that either of them was invelved in it.” The PSE showed hard stress. He continued: . we found no evidence of any kind that there was any conspiracy.” Again there was stress, and particulariy | -hard stress on the words “no evidence.”. _ “i have read everything.” said Justice . Warren, “that has come to my notice in the WSs AVS GILT HIS WiINSSOM very severely, but | have never found_that they have discovered any evidence ‘of any kind that we didn't discover and use in determin. ing the case as we did.” - . Hard stress once again. The word “never” , was @ perfectly “trimmed hedge.” “| Rave found nothing since that ime.” he continued, “to change my view, norhave - _ | haard of anything that has changed the — view of any member of the commission. since that time.” The stress was hard. As | had now: come to expect, the word “nothing” seemed a particularly beautiful example of strass. Another word seemed to show even more stress: “member.” Could he have been thinking of someone in particular? On Janu- ary 19, 1970, Senator Richard B. Russell, a member of the Warren Commission, re- vealed that he had never believed that Lee . Harvey Oswald acted alone. l had charted the last of the assassination —— tapes. Of course, these few thousand feet of recording tape are only a small traction’ of the relevant testimony recorded and Stored away in the archives of television news departments. There is, for example, Lee Harvey Oswald, as he was led through the Dallas police station, denying that he had killed the President. There are state- - ments by Marina Oswald, Jack Ruby and by others. i have no doubt that with these tapes, a Psychological Stress Evaluator, and time .. to work on them, a very detailed picture of the assassination of John F. Kennedy could be reconstructed, a picture that might even reveal the identities of the assassins _ and their co-conspirators. i hope that sooner or later someone does this. i have gone as far as the private resources of a free-lance writer permit. What, given the sample of testimony f have processed with the PSE, can ! say about the assassination? We should first examine the testimony in whichno stress was found, since itis almost certain that these peopie were telling the _— truth as they saw it. This strongly suggests the following: 1. Oswaid owned a rifle. 2. A bullet fired from that rifle was found on Govemor Connally’s stretcher at Park-_ land Hospital. 3. Bullet fragments alleged to have been 7 found in the presidential limousine also came from Oswald's rifle. 4. Atleast one eyewitness believes he Saw gunsmoke on the grassy knoll, but another is equally certain no shots came. from that direction. §. Oswaid shot and killed Officer Tippitt. 6. At least one member of the Warren Commission and one member of the Com- mission's staff really believe in the’ validity of the Warren Report. 7. Jim Garrison had little or no case - against Clay Shaw. Almost all of this tends to support, in nora . way or another, the Warren Report. But now - « ee ee = eee PLOT AUATE os gO SPT ae eee ogee De angen so enemas Fy mee ober amma Oe Se TN ES 6
13-00000 batt hag ROOTS © Sed beee The claim that Oswald's rifle was lin the Texas Schoo! Book Depository. The claim that bullet hulls matching iid's-riflé were found inthe same place. The claim that one gunman was seen “Oswald window" of the Dallas Book sitory. The claim that two gunmen were seen 3 window. The claim that a gunman was seen lifferent window of that building. Another claim that no shots came fram assy knoll, and a claim by the witness saw the gunsmoke on the knoll that 30 Heard a shot from that direction. & claim by a Dallas policeman that he nor Officer Tippitt knew Oswald. The claim by the pathologist—the n Commission's only source of infor. - n about the autopsy—that the X-rays. stopsy photographs support his tes- i before the Commission. he claim by a member of the Warren ission that there was nothing fraudu- aout the Warren Report. The claim by Earl Warren that the tission found no evidence of a con- y; that none of the Warren Report's ever found anything the Commission issed; that he had found nothing since blication of ihe Report to change his and that he knew of no Commission er.who had ever changed his mind their conciusions. WUICHICS GECEPUON, Al MMeICSug ang unexpected possibility emerges: Oswald was involved in some way in the assassination, if only as a fail guy. Some of the Dallas police force may have been in- volved, planted the evidence that impli- cated Oswald, and covered up the fact that there was a conspiracy. The medical exam- iner believed his own testimony to the War- ren Commission, but later had doubts. The Commission found evidence of a conspir- acy but didn't believe it, so they covered it up in order to present a tidy package to the public. Later, at least ane member of the Commission changed his mind, but since he didn't know what really did hap- pen, he decided to say nothing. So there was conspiracy in Dallas, and in Washing- ton nothing worse than blundering. t could say all this with certainty if 1 knew that stress always equals deception. Unior- tunately, | do not know that. But the PSE analysis of the assassination tapes has _ generated a staggering amount of fresh doubt regarding the Warren. Report. This doubt rises not only from specific points the PSE has called into question, but from the very sinister implications of the very existence of deception among policemen, government officials and Commission members. The question remains: did such deception exist or was the stress found by the PSE the result, in every case, of an out- side issue? ; ie rot ano Cannot be cross-checked By | i -.: a structured inierrogation, some: ‘probability - must be accepted that this stress is caused “..:- by an outside issue. No study has yet been .: | -, conducted to establish what this probability _ “- might be, but let us pick, for the sake of.” discussion, a figure that may seem ridicu- ~~ lously high—70 percent. tn other words, we are assuming that 70 percent of the times the PSE finds stress in testimony, it results from something other than lying. Now, let's ignore the deception indicated o in the testimony of the eyewitnesses; even |. if present, it might have resulted from mara - desire for attention. That leaves eight “in- siders” who have demonstrated stress when - making statements supporting the Warren Report: the Dallas policemen Hill, Jacks, ~~ Jackson and Weitzman; the medical exam- — . _iner, Captain Humes; Commission staffer . — Wesley Liebler, Commission member John — McCloy; former Chief Justice Earl Warren. . * ' Assuming that there is a 70 percent —. chance that any single instance of stress a is “outside issue,” what is the probability . - that all eight instances are due ta factors other than deception? Elementary proba- bility theory tells us that it is seven-tenthe raised to the eighth power, or approximately 6 percent. in other words, even making some fairly conservative assumptions, thereisa94per- . cent chance that at least one of these eight men is lying. - _- My own personal opinion? I don't know. : : { remember the young man with the ring. He said he was wearing it, and he was, ‘but he stressed. He stressed not because - he was lying, but because there was some- “- thing about that ring that reafly bothered him, something he didn't want the world to know. Perhaps thatis alse true ofthesemen - who, in one way or another, leamed some - part of the truth about the assassination of ’ John F. Kennedy. i suppose [I'm not absolutely gure even _of that. When I first met Bob Smith of the . the microscopic slides, the bloodstained . Committee, | asked him if there was any one thing the government could dete clear - ~~ up the mystery. Yes, he replied, the one thing that would help more than anything else would be to make available the physi- . cal evidence — the detailed FB! lab ra- ports, the X-rays and autopsy photographs, clothing, yes, even the President's brain, wherever ithas been hidden. These things, he said, would go far toward answering the — questions about what actually happened that day in Dallas. Maybe they would even - confirm the Warren Report. So when I say I'm not absolutely ‘certain these men are concealing something, f mean | can think of something that could conceivably change my mind. Thatis, if the ' government would open all its files on this matter to us and prove that we are wrong . we, the people who ten years later still . believe we haven't yet heard the full account .« Qf the events of November 22, 1963. ~. Te .
13-00000 E LAST THREE PRESIDENTIAL ‘CTIONS HAVE BEEN DECIDED BY BULLETS: 64 — result decided by the assassination of President John F. Kennedy 68 — result decided by the assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy ¥2 — result decided by the near-assassination of — Governor George Wallace ris the evidence? ‘ire the fatal shots? has there been such a concerted effort ithhold the facts? ras really behind the assassinations? >. MG GOB | ' COME SHARE THE FINDINGS ., ' OF THE NATION'S EXPERTS DECADE OF ATA TWO DAY CONFERENCE ASSASSINATIONS - SPONSORED BY THE COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS a - 1963 - 1973. 10 BE HELD AT ‘GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY GASTON HALL Nov. 23-24, 1973 _ COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS 1520 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. « (202) 232-1152 JOHN F, KENNEDY ¢ SYLVANUS OLYMPIO e ABDUL KARIM KASSEM © MEDGAR EVERS ¢ “NGO” DINH DIEM © JIGME DORJ!® ADIB AL e SHISHAKL! © PIERRE NGENDANDUMWE. e- : HASSAN ALI MANSOUR @ MALCOLM X @ VIOLA LIUZZO e MARIO MENDEZ MONTENEGRO @ SIR ABUBAKAR BALEWA @ ].T.V. IRONS! AGUIYI @ HENDRIK VERWOERD © TRAN VAN VAN e i GEORGE LINCOLN ROCKWELL ©CHE GUEVARA | © MARTIN LUTHER KING ¢ ROBERT. F.. KENNEDY © EDUARDO MONDLANE ¢ TOM “MBOYA @ A.A. SHERMARKE © GEORGE _ WALLACE @ SALVADORE ALLENDE ¢ |
13-00000 FRIDAY — NOVEMBER 23 _ LATE REGISTRATION — Early Registrants pick up passes. WELCOME: Mr. Bernard Fensterwald, Jjr., Executive Director, Committee to Investigate — Assassinations “> Mir. Norman Mailer, Author and Forwarder 0:00 11:30 of The Fifth Estate CURRENT STATUS OF PROMINENT ASSASSINATION CASES: JFK CASE — Mr, Robert P. Smith, Director - of Research, Committee to Investigate | Assassinations RFK CASE — Mr. Robert Hanson, Attorney, present counsel for Sirhan Sirhan - KING CASE — Mr. James Lesar, Attorney, present counsel for James Earl Ray WALLACE CASE — Mr. Ronald Van Doren, Newsman, Author, researcher into the background of Arthur Bremer - ROCKWELL CASE — Ms. Meredith Rode, Professor at Federal City College, * Authority in killing of George Lincoln "Rockwell UNIQUE INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES: Mr. William Turner, Moderator — Former FBI Agent, Author of numerous books — on investigative techniques “Mr. George O'Toole - Former CIA Agent, Free-Lance Writer, expert on the PSE ‘(Psychological Stress Evaluator) Mr, Robert Saltzman — Computer Engineer, tantiene an the Warren Commission DECADE OF ASSASSINATIONS 1963 — 1973 | PROGRAM FRIDAY — Continued . 12:30 BREAK FOR LUNCH - 2:00 MEDICAL AND PHYSICAL EVIDENCE: 6:00 8:30 Mr. Josiah Thompson, Moderator — Professor at Haverford College, author of Six Seconds in Dallas = Dr. Cyril Wecht - Professor of Law and Forensic Medicine at Ouquesne University; Coroner of Pittsburgh, Pa, - Ms. Sylvia Meagher — Attorney, UN Official, author of Accessories After The Fact — Mr. Roger Hanson — Attorney, counsel to Sirhan Sirhan — Mr. Herbert MacDonnell — Professor of Criminalistics, Corning University; expert in case of Fred Hampton Mr. Mark Lane — Attorney, author of Rush — To Judgment and Executive Action BREAK FOR DINNER WARREN COMMISSION REPORT: FACT | OR FICTION — A slide show and lecture by Mr. Robert Saltzman 9:30 SATURDAY ~ NOVEMBER 24 ASSASSINATIONS AND THE MEDIA: r. john Henry Faulk, Moderator — MY snore and Author of Feer On Trial Mr. Robert Kaiser — Author of RFK Must Die Me. Donald Freed ~ Co-Author of Executive 12:30 2:00 . 5:00, Action Mr, Harold Weisberg - Author of Frame Up ' Mr. Ted Charach — Author of Second Gun Mr. Peter Noyes — Author of Legacy Of Doubt Mr. Fred Cook — Author of numerous books and articles BREAK FOR LUNCH THEORIES OF CONSPIRACY: Mr. Richard Sprague, Moderator — Computer expert and author Dr. Richard Popkin, Professor at Washington University; author of The Second Oswald Col. Fletcher Prouty -— Former Liaison Officer between Pentagon and CIA; author of The Secret Teams Mr. Robert K. Brown — Former Special Services Officer; expert in attempts on life of Castro Me, Earl Golz — Reporter for Dallas Morning . _ News; expert on Organized Crimes Mr. Victor Marchetti - Former CIA Agent; author - . Mr. Peter Dale Scott — Professor .at ’ Berkeley; Author of The War Conspiracy INDIVIDUAL WORKSHOPS WITH THE - SPEAKERS — Question and Answer Sessions
13-00000 vot nese see Wel 8 thw FO cas Oo hw “bee so eg TT le wee me wll . e ' eo ~ . OURCES AND METHODS Igy “YEO | id UZ a9 3 eee a a eee HE ER Poo ane ran mn a ee . wotoey ° . “ ’ a7 Sr. Julius Mader : Mauerstrasse 69 uthor end editor . 1066 Berlin W 66 Dear Sirs: .o2 the us Civilian end military intelligence network in or German language. tion of topical interest to others as well. Sditer of tWho's Who in CIA" I take this opportunity of offering you: UVYellow List: Where Is the CIA?" ("Gelbe liste: lo ist die CIA") This book presents zor the first time anywhere in the . world a documentation in alphabetical order of more than 400 Gisguised or subsidised organisations and institutions North, Central and South America, Europe, Africa and Asia. fhe “Yellow List" is available either in the English The price per copy, inclusive o? air mail postal costs, is £2.00 (or the corresponding amount in other currencies ~ 2t present exchange rates). The book will be sent to you immediately upon receipt of your order blank and check. I would be grateful if you would mention this publica—
13-00000 ' “= <7 = 9 suew . . er en woge8 2 | ____Preene! LTE eRe Ee ee ge . BS . - . ao . eS af . rm : : evwae foe . ve eg ce mel mean ep mt we SEP: * o . . : @ 4% & 72° . . . e* : toe, ones o ee a . . . . & e The RIGGS NATIONAL BANK: af WASHINGTON, D.C. FEDERAL OFFICE . : ; e ee eet. ff". 17S@ PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, H.W. : on 75 S, , OTH. 0 5 h Foci 310 i ae 70 8 suai Eger tae mares me ng eee TC FOE PE EE ETE .“ ene 8 - + o we * . 7 U6 nde nt Ghamcmraenmamms og oe te oo. ee emmmmenennee arn ame sacad BLANK ey ee ee oe eS SS GS CSS Sa See Saw Sem eam MD ON GENS Hoes OND us SUD Ale See Gs Saas Soe } . I wish ccecccoeeess.0Opies of the "Yellow List: _therefs—the CLAM An the occ ecceneee - language. (Germar(or English) yo I enclose a check for oes eseit eee eee (Sum and currency) Name or Company 2 BCE IES ia 2 Address eoood “IRS! peers ee essveceeseeesensane Country ooo vs mee Fone Sree @® 6 FOQO caseseeceee |
13-00000 i % » _ Eric Starvo Galt, aka Harvey Lowmyer and John wi llard (Eyes drawn in by FBI artist) _ : - DOCUMENT AS REFESREO TE! OTT
13-00000 im * 6 = a Ca DOCUMENT AS REFEARS a a Ay
13-00000 CIVIL RIGHTS - CONSPIRACY —_ | INTERSTATE FLIGHT - ROBBERY F wd AME ry. _ FOI No, 405.42 6 @ 2 a Se at auy Lownie, James = ames MC Bn eBrid S EAR  EARLRAY Jai @ i ek eine Phots grapes takes 1960 Photograph taken 1963 _ “ ™ Atel ] Cop DESCRIPTION _ 19,1928, Al ois 8 1G! iv “EVES: blue WEIGHT: 163 to 174 pounds COMPLEXION: aediua BUILD: medium RACE: white HAIR: brown, possibly cut short NATIONALITY: American OCCUPATIONS: baker, color matcher, laborer SCARS AND MARKS: small scar on center of forehead and small scar on . pala of right hand REMARKS: noticeably protruding left ear: reportedly is a lone wolf; - allegedly attended dance instruction school: has reportedly completed course in bartending IMINAL RECORD Or armed rob ari icte without owner's consent. . CAUTION . RAY 18 SOUGHT IN CONNECTION WITH A MURDER WHEREIN THE wicria Was SHOT. CONSIDER ARMED AND EXTREMELY DAN- A Federal br td was issaad oe Apri 17, 1368, at Birniagham, Alabama, chargiag Ray as Eric Sarva Galt with conspiring to interfere with 4 Coastitutional Right of_a citizes (Title Ile andes. , Gade. Section iL A Federal arrat was 2hso is issued oa July 29, 1967, at Jefferson City, Missouri, charpy Ry with Interstate Flight to Avoid Confi nement for the “crime of" a (Tite 18, | Became Sacha 1373 ae Meee BF YOU HAVE INFORMATION CONCERNING THES PERSON, PLEASE CONTACT YOUR LOCAL FB OFFICE TREPHOME NUMBERS AND ADDEESSES OF ALL FRI OFFICIS LISTED ON BACL Director identification Order $132 came Federal as of Investigation . April 20, 1368 ‘ ~ : Washington, D.C. & “elise ee ements nes a aterm ie AI eR at eerie nen ~ Docu nn ore wenvsedtthe ee wee ee Se nene SE EY Tee Panes EO OPPOSES IE
13-00000 “405 FBI No. 942G 9 Photograph taken graph taken 1968 Photo 1968 ist) (ey es drawn by art
13-00000 atastecivatirtnet ¢ met oc ; 3 aa a wen, bows : a cane . : a : ne ee re ee ee ee . oer rn cn uw : ns - Age: ~ > %5 96, ‘bom July 20,:1931 (not supported by bitth records). Helght: =  § 58" to5'11" © . Eyes: Blue or hazel . Weight: ~~ 160 to 175 pounds | Complexion: | Medium — Bulld: - Medium — | Race: White Hal: Brown, possibly cut short : : Occupation: . Has claimed employment as seaman. . . Remarks: Noticeably protruding left ear; reportedly is a lone wolf; allegedly a attended dance instruction school; has reportedly completed course in bartending. Se AUTION- gaueas fo eM an Abr Is SOUGHT IN CONNECTION WITH A MURDER wWineieeiN THE VICTIM WAS ae . ey SHOT. CONSIDER ARMED AND EXTREMELY DANGEROUS.’ St the pa ge Paoy oA Federal warrant | was issued on April 1 17. 1968, at Birmingham, Alabama, charging Galt with ¢ con- Spiring to interfere with a Constitutional Right of a citizen (Title 18, U.'S:° Code, ‘Section 241).’ me i you! HAVE: “ANY INFORMATION “CONCERNING THIS PERSON, PLEASE NOTIFY ME OR CONTACT YouR LOCAL FBI OFFICE... TELEPHONE NUMBERS AND ADDRESSES OF ALL Fel OFFICES LISTED ON BACK. eeneee . a i 4 by : ae : : Mr 7 ‘ 7 us “UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF sUSTICH Wanted Flyer 442 > : Ppl abi bape ': WASHINGTON, D.C.. 20585 ne TELEPHONE, NATIONAL 8-7 117,
13-00000 “on a | OEUREE ee . ar me — ., CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGEN. / “* L ‘ "WASHINGTON, D.C. 20505 ll December 1973 a MEMORANDUM FOR: Director Federal Bureau of Investigation \ Qe ATTENTION : Mr, William A, Brdnigan q . we * - SUBJECT : Conference of the Committee to Investigate 0 Assassinations, -Report on Proceedings _ BS Ovember 1973 7<. < , N 1, Herewith a report containing partial coverage on the events during the first session of the Committee to Investigate v Assassinations, together with material (which is overt) made LVN ime > available on the floor of the conference. Oy 2. We would be interested in anything you develop on any i } of the other sessions of the conference. i a & FOR THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR OPERATIONS: DS REC-64. G2 - 1/2699 -35 | o) lng GIO 14 JAN 3 1974 36 JM = James Angleton _ Enclosure: to. Report w/atts i CIR-316/03107-73 > BERIND enc, BO i ctasstey gr =, 055431 -_— bo EO SERED ATOGN FXOMOE cROM Gree os Siu.cc ch nub ab aot SPR GURE: § Stuis (> se et wore) Auibebabn vee wee ee eee Tl impossible to determine Cuntess smpussrble. meoert Gale o¢ event) . : = SECRET
13-00000 SECREI Attachment to CIR-316/03107-73 SUBJECT: Conference of the Committee to Investigate Assassinations, - Report on Proceedings 23 November 1973 1. The Committee to Investigate Assassinations claims to — have been established in 1969. The headquarters are in Washington, D.C. (at 1520 16th Street, N.W.). In the four years of its existence the Committee has done research and has become a kind of clearing house for the study of assassinations. It maintains contact with other groups engaged in similar activity, of which there seem to be at least two, one of which is located in the Boston area, 2. In addition to research, the Committee acts to help individuals interested in the investigation of assassinations. It thus files suits for private persons demanding access to classified information. It sponsors the publication of books and articles relating to the field of its interest, and sponsors the production of movies. It publishes a newsletter. 3, The conference of November 23-24, 1973, is the first of its type to be held by the Committee. The Georgetown University was helpful by placing Gaston Hall at the disposal of the Committee free of charge. By agreement with the University, the Committee will also be able to use the services of the University Library as a — repository and research center. 4, The Conference opened on November 23, 1973, with a delay of about half an hour. The delay may have been due to the installation of recording equipment which literally covered the premises with a tangle of wires of every kind. The Washington Post reports an attendance exceeding 300. This is a generous estimate. After deducting official speakers, recording personnel, and press ‘representatives, the audience probably numbered no more than 150, if that many. é ener Rt At CLASSIFIED Of _ 006593 -_— @xst tb Ba wt he Rah aed” obi ATEN SCG aoe we a parses eg MRE SERRE. : . 3 juih © vet eee Oe + woeed ip bibolnden dak aut impossible to determine be ee we ed
13-00000 OEURE! 5. Beards and long hair prevailed, and others stood out like a gore thumb. There was not a single Negro in the audience, nor, that morning, on the platform. Even the speaker who spoke on the case of Martin Luther King was white. 6. Not all the speakers preannounced were present. The chairman announced the absence of Richard Sprague. Another speaker, a lawyer from Los Angeles whose name was drowned out in the noise, was also absent. They were replaced by Dr. Robert Forman and someone whose name sounded like ''Ed Kirkley". 7. The chairman announced that all the speeches would be tape recorded for subsequent publication. He further invited the audience to attend movies to be shown that night. One of these, "Burn", was to be shown at the University. Others by prearrangement would be shown at local movie theaters, The latter were connected with the Kennedy assassination. The case of the President's murder was in the center of the conference and, as noted by one of the organizers (Smith), one half of the speakers were to center their attention upon the Oswald case. ; 8. The chairman adhered strictly to the program and every speaker mentioned in the program for the morning session of November 23 spoke as specified. Of those who spoke, Norman Mailer, Robert P. Smith and Ronald Van Doren deserve particular attention, Their speeches in summary are reviewed below. 9. A table at the back of the audience presented recornmended literature. The books included H. Weissberg's Whitewash and Peter Noyes' Legacy of Doubt. For some reason there was a copy of one paper only, that of George O'Toole's "Assassination Tapes'', There was also a bibliography of political assassination; the foreword to which lists the persons most actively collaborating with the Committee.
13-00000 A OLUNE! 10, A publication circulated during the conference was the November, 1973 issue of Computers and Automation which is to be renamed, starting January 1, 1974, Computers and People. ‘The publication of articles such as "Nixon and the Mafia" which concludes that Richard M. Nixon seems to be the embodiment of a prediction that organized crime would someday put its own man in the White House, seems somewhat curious in a magazine devoted to the profession of data processing and the use of computers. The magazine was established in 1951 by Berkeley Enterprises in Massachusetts. Alger Hiss is among its contributors and an abundance of articles by Richard Sprague on the subject of Watergate published in the past year. ll. Another organization which received publicity at the Conference was The Committee for Action/Research on the Intelligence Community (CARIC). 12. <A representative of Computers and Automation handed out this publication free of charge to members of the audience. He took notes with fantastic speed and apparent accuracy of everything said during the proceedings. 13. The lights gave out at one point and did not come on again during the morning session. The absence of current may have affected the tape recording. , 14, The morning session, due to close at 12:30, ended after 1:30 p.m. By this time the audience was impatient to have lunch, and the resumption of the proceedings was therefore postponed toa later hour. 15. No document of any kind was issued to the persons who paid $15.00 to enter. Instead their hand was stamped with the name of the organization which gave them access to all further meetings that day and the next (the members of the audience were apparently not supposed to wash their hands during this time). Names were taken down, but no questions asked other than one's initial. No information on address, occupation, etc. was required. . SECRET ooh
13-00000 A SECRET 16. Speech by Norman Mailer. This was beyond a doubt, the most striking presentation during the Friday morning session. Mailer spoke briefly and left the conference shortly after the speech. 17. Mailer said that political intelligence as a subject was as ‘powerful as "peace". Interest in assassination is obsessive. The obsession arises from the fact that a solution to the problem is not found, and attention is constantly drawn back to the unanswerable question. 18. He said that we have here the most powerful nation in the world which cannot come to grips with a question which seems as amazingly simple as the Kennedy assassination. The result has been that this nation has decided to shut down investigation and has thus alienated itself from its own history. This alienation has brought apathy, a trait noticeable in the reaction to investigations which bring no wide response. 19. A nation which rejects its own history is on n the path toa totalitarian regime. Facts, meanwhile, have a peculiar ability to change when they are investigated, and investigators must therefore rely upon hypothesis, The history of the last ten years has been made unendurable by the abundance of hypotheses. They range from the opinion that an assassination is an accident lacking any particular sequence to the hypothesis that secret police forces are engaging in a world conspiracy. 20. The present conference must help us to learn whether there are possibilities, and what possibilities exist, to solve these questions, 21. Speech by Robert P, Smith. Mr. Smith was described as the director of research of the Committee, but he seerns to be one of the major motive forces in this organization, 22. Mr. Smith pointed out that he had spent the last three years studying the Kennedy case. Much research had been done, but nothing had changed, so far as practical action was concerned, in the last nine years. SECRET Serer mpe me nrak vee setae eee nen
13-00000 an SECRET 27. Speech by Ronald Van Doren. Mr. Van Doren seems to be a follower of Governor Wallace. He began by commenting on the sad situation ina country with a judiciary where individuals have to make conjectures regarding a case as obvious as that of Bremer. There is no doubt that Bremer pulled the trigger. But one should examine the political situation at the time of his action. Wallace was by far the leading candidate in the election campaign, a threat to other candidates, and he was winning the nomination. He represented a challenge to both parties. Nothing he said could be interpreted as racist, and in the economic sense he carried wide appeal. The question which faced the other candidates was how he could be stopped from disrupting the two parties and from preventing the re-election of the President. History will show how he was stopped and why this occurred. 28. The case in defense of Wallace's civil rights was quietly dropped. No proper investigation was conducted. As usual in assassination cases there was a diary. It showed that Bremer was acting alone and was deranged. Read as a piece of literature, the diary presents Bremer as a non-person, an illiterate unable to spell. There is nothing regarding the people he worked with. Meanwhile, if one examines Bremer's background, he appears an entirely different person. Why did he travel repeatedly to Ottawa? How did he manage to carry guns on planes? What was he doing in New York? Why was he in Washington? And where did he get his funds? The apartment he rented exceeds his annual income. His mother could not afford to visit him in prison, yet he dressed well. With whom was he . involved? 29. All this should be looked into. Watergate brought the electoral campaign to the fore. Why has discussion of the Bremer shooting been excluded from the investigation? Bremer. was a part of the 1972 campaign, yet there is no mention of Wallace or of Bremer. Two years from now Wallace will be back. 30. Speech by Ms. Meredith Rode. Ms. Rode was very brief. She said she became interested in the killing of George Lincoln Rockwell in 1970, and that the case was built on circumstantial evidence exclusively. The case is still open, for the police believe that there was an accomplice. No funds are available for defense. , ’ SECRET
13-00000 SECRET 23. #$Although the National Archives are the repository for the Kennedy assassination documents, the FBI and the CIA are responsible for restricting research. Much of the 300 cubic feet of documents have been printed, a reclassification in 1971 has released 3,000 pages, and the CIA later released more, but none of the material released has created any sensation, The Freedom of Information Act is not as liberal on assassination material as on other matters. Some material was not even turned over to the Warren Commission, The FBl and the Justice Department are alone in knowing the results of some tests. 24. In the non-governmental area, much has been published, and the book by Peter Noyes must be singled out particularly. 25. Speech by Mr. Robert Hanson. Mr. Hanson has become the counsel for Sirhan Sirhan. He studied to become an engineer and then shifted to law. (To judge from the number of cases which he says he has lost, heshouldhave remained an engineer instead of becoming an attorney.) Mr. Hanson said that the Sirhan case is pretty hopeless. The trial was based on a 100 per cent belief in Sirhan's guilt. Therefore important witnesses were not called, and no attention was paid to ballistics. Scientific study, however, indicates that Sirhan Sirhan may not even have been the person who committed the crime. But even if it is proved that his gun did not kill Robert Kennedy, this discovery may have no influence upon Sirhan's case, California officials have no desire to reopen the case and funds to handle the proceedings are lacking. A book by Tiger on the case is worthy of note. Tiger claims that Sirhan Sirhan was acting under hypnotic influence. 26. Speech by James Lesar. Mr. Lesar, who spoke on the Martin Luther King assassination, declared that Ray was innocent, and that the FBI and the Justice Department were responsible for wrongly solving the crime. Ray was framed by conspirators. The persons presently involved in Watergate played a role in the Ray case investigation. No private agency - only a government agency - can solve the Ray case. All depends on whether the judiciary acts honestly or with political consideration in mind. As it stands today, we see Ray's rights having been abominably violated; we see lawyers who did not do their job; and we see nothing approaching an open ‘hearing. _* 6 SECRET
13-00000 SECRET 31, There was also a speech by Robert Salzman who was long-winded and technical. No useful coverage available. 32. Copies of materials which were available at the Conference are attached. A. Cc. D. E. F. American Political Assassinations: A Bibliography of Works Published 1963-1970 Related to the Assassination of John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Robert F. Kennedy. Compiled by The Committee to Investigate Assassinations, Washington, D.C., 1973. "Decade of Assassinations -- 1963-1973". Committee to Investigate Assassinations, 1973. "Don't Read This Out Loud!" Intelligence Report, The Committee for Action Research on the Intelligence Community (CARIC). Announcement. The announcement states that Senator John Stennis will begin hearings on his Bill to amend the National Security Act, in regard to the clarification of the authority of the CIA. -Assassination Tapes by George O'Toole. _ Published by Penthouse International Ltd., 1973. Computers and Automation (Computers and People), November, 1973, Volume 22, No ll, a SECRET
13+00000 ANNOUNCEMENT Senator John Stennis, Chairman of the Armed Services Committee, will begin hearings early in the New Year on his Bill No. S.2597 -=- to amend the National Security act -- in regard to clarification of the | authority of the CIA. | | The bill recently introduced by Senator Stennis resulted in part from correspondence with Senator Edmund Muskie, Chairman of the Senate Disarmament Subcommittee. To some degree, these hearings were inspired by the Watergate developments. People with knowledge in the areas which might be fruitful for investigation should be in touch with Senator Stennis’ Committee. For further information, eontact the fask Force For A Nuclear Test Ban, Betty Lall and Jo Pomerance, Co-Chairmen, care of the Project on Budget Priorities, 1620 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006.
13-00000 vo ae f — @PUBLICATIONS CARL puolishes a hi-weekly INTELLIGENCE REPORT and a uaterly named COUNTER-SPY featuring various articles examining ‘he sthuc.ures and operations of U.S. Intelligance, In addition, CARIC vub isnes oceisional pamphlets on various concepts In the craft of ‘ate ligence. CARIC also provides reprints of selected articles on— ‘nte liyer ca which have appeared in other publications. - CARIS is greparing a guide to U.S. Intelligence which will serve as a sitizar. access device to the hidden world of government operations. We op) that any controversy raised by this guide or any other CARIC sub leatiuan will luad to public debate and resolution of the issues ‘wolved, Qur analysis is based in a firm belicf that no human being should te denicd life, liberty or the pursuit of happiness by our overnment or its agents. CARIC publications aid the public effort to ‘nsu’e the veneration of this concept by those in our government. 8 IN-FROM-THE-COLD HEARINGS CARLS wil sponsor In-From-The-Cold Hearings featuring public testimony by individuals intimately involved with U.S. Intelligence. The searings will focus on American intervention abroad, domestic reprassion in this country and the effects of secrecy on the individuals’ aersonality. Former intelligence workers and those who have been victimized by the intelligence community will publicly relate their part-cipaion in activities of our government which can no longer be qnored Ly goud citizens. _ JOIN THE COUNTER-SPY ~ INTELLIGENCE REPORT | ‘TEAM Join with us in our effort to end “illegal, unconstitutional and gross acts’ by our government. CARIG is entirely supported by donations from American. citizens. Donate and become a sponsoring member of the Committee for Action/Research on the Intelligence Community. Sponsoring - members receive our bi-weekly INTELLIGENCE REPORT and our quarterly COUNTER-SPY as well as additional — information on government operations. CARIC actively seeks the advice and viewpoints of all sponsoring members in our activities. Write to CARIC, Box 647, Ben Franklin Station, Washington, D.C. 20044, or call(202) 785-8330. _’ With your support we can prevent the visions of George Orwell in 1984 from becoming an American reality... STOP THE SPYING STOP TECHNOFASCISM g CARIC A a Box 687. - i Ben Pranklin Station i ' Washington, D.C. 20084 q i i wish to sponsor the efforts of CARIC. I a Ploasc find enclosed my donation of $ i _ — 1 wish only to subscribe to the INTELLIGENCE # T REPORT’s and to COUNTER-SPY ($6/individual, | y $10/erganization) . | § a i AME . 1” cael | H ADDRESS. g U Ni H sxe 3 ES SN OD Sw - | The Committee for Action Research on the Intelligence Community (CARIC) \
13-00000 a ; ‘he headlines in Adicrican newspapers have for years told of Army wiviilunce of civilians, U.S. spy planes being shot down over other Goes, attempted coups and intrigue initiated by the CIA and nistrained FBI wiretapping. We all know that Big Brother is itching, but no one in our government has takan the time to explain “hy is being spi! upon, and why we are being watched. Too often, wa wneriean citizens don’t aven know who Big Brather is. in 1955, President Eisenhower accepted the report of the Hoover ‘ununissinn on U.S, Intelligence. Among other recommendations, the ‘conmission emphasized the need for two “watchdog” committees on iwehigenca within the executive and icy:slativea branches of awocament. Although a Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (FIAB) ios ‘stcblished to serve the President, Congress by an overwhelming a>. sity has refused to establish a committee within the legislative ch, Now, in the midst of the Watergate scanduls, there is some -eceument within Congress to establish committees on the separate stcHigence agencies. The result will be diviced oversight with no | wtuance that Congress will he able to stop illegal and unjustified pet g. With Congress abrogating its responsibilities, there is no agency 1 sovernment, directly responsible to the public, monitoring ithe _ hviad States intelliqggance Community, , How former intelligence warkers and concerned citizens have oraed a national association to provide the vita information an aware wihtie needs to know about government onerations. The Committee for wstion/Research on the Intelligence Community (CARIC) is an vJenendent “watchdog” on the government spy apparatus, CARIC, pousored entirely by donations from American citizens, serves as an liesnative source of analysis and informacion on the practices,. wqnization and objectives of U.S. Intelligence. What clandestine perations are being carried out in the name of America? Is the CIA inaring to entangle us in another war similar to the Indochina War? ‘hat information is going into Federal, State, local and private data cets on innocent American citizens? Is the F81 becoming a “secret ices force?” Whose phones are tapped in America? These are some of he rucstions CARIG is answering. ZARIC knows that all conscientious Americas are closely watching 4. svents that have unfolded since the arrests made at the Watergate aittding. We share the hope of most Americans that the illegal ~planaae practices that have now been exposed will no longer be a part ' Somerican political life. However, the dismartling of one espionage wad leval to one craup of politicians dees net insure that this abuse ,ousice vill not be repeated by future pofiticians, > Who knows what future political espionage will occur under the guise of so-called “national security” or loyalty to an administration? Only time will tell, but through diligence and your help GARIC will anticipate and bring to your attention situations within the government that are likely to produce a new “Watergate.” Although CARIC does believe that a@ massive government spy apparatus is at work in the world, we hope to dispel some of tha paranoia citizens naturally feel when there is talk of spies and wiretaps. We know that the F681 does not have agents behind every. tree, but there are agents in every major community in this country who have spicd on innocent private and public citizens, Only a full and undisguised look into this hidden world can displace unwarranted fears, and guide the public effort to end this illegal and unjustified espionage. The secrecy with which the government surrounds itself must end. CARIC knows that tens of thousands of American citizens from ail walks of life were mobilized over the past decade to help bring an end to the government's war in Indochina — a war that has taken new forms under the direction of U.S. Intelligence agencies. CARIC hopes that these same concerned citizens will continue to oppase the policies of our government which bring this new form of covert war and the Watergate scandals. It is now time for thousands of Americans to mobilize to stop the spying as we stopped the dying. Please join us in our effort. THE COMMITTEE FOR ACTION/RESEARCH ON THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY (CARIC) INTELLIGENCE REPORT ® CARIC ORGANIZATION CARIC is organized to reflect the operating procedures of a typical intelligence organization. Our rescarch process involves collecting information from a wide variety of sources both public and private. Our analysis is the collective product of CARIC participants and climinates any compartmentalization of knowledge. The information and our analysis is then disseminated through CARIC publications and separate i rks by CARIC participants. tn addition, CARIC provides information other journalists and qualified researchers. ® (INTELLIGENCE DOCUMENTATION CENTER (10C) CARIC is continuously collecting information on intellivence froma variety of sources including official government oublisatiows and documents, previous investigations, public accounts anc initerviuws conducted with hundreds of former intelligence and police ager ts. The information forms the data-base of the Intelligence Documentation Center maintained by CARIC. The IDC is a library cf informacion on U.S. Intelligence available upon request to Journalists, q salitisd researchers and members of CARIC, © SPEAKFRS BUREAU AND WORKSHOPS CARIG maintairs a listing of members available to ipeak before groups on a variety of subjects ranging from the foreign intelligence . programs of our government to the problems of criminal justice in this country. Our speukers include former intelligence workers, palice agents and informers and others familiar with American int Hige t¢8. , CARIC will poriedically conduct workshops fcr church, labor, school or community organizations. Workshop topics ‘nclucle: * OPERATION PHOENIX — CIA assassination in Vietnan. * SALEM HOUSE — Preparation for the coup in Caniboclia e The CIA in Laos * OPERATION BOULDER — An introduction to the ne<t A nerican | war © Right-wing terrorism in America * Federal Planning for civil disturbances: Riots and d2mor-strations * The Internai Security apparatus and Watergate : ® MULTI-MEDIA BRIEFING CARIC will-soon augment our workshops with a multi-media briefing on U.S. imelligence featuring films, video tapes, disp ays znd recorded interviews. The exhibit will dramatically ith strate Intulligance as practiced by our government. Our hope is to creat a super-conscious realization by our audience of the concepts presented in th? display. The first element of the multi-media briefing is a slice show tracing the growth of the internal security apparutus of our governn eat and demonstrating how this apparatus influenced the Watergate sean als, The slide show terminates with suggestions fer lining faticre arivath of the internal security apparatus.
13-00000 November, 1973 an . Vol 22, No. 11 UNTIL DECEMBER 31, 1973 STARTING JANUARY 1, 1974 mm (SFT ey Lis = pec and peopie WORKING TOGETHER Cooperative Facilities to Obtain the Advantages of Computers — M. J. Cerullo Control in Time-Sharing Systems — F.C. Castillo Computer Art: The Search Beyond Manipulation ~ G. C. Hertlein Computers in Science Fiction -~ M. Ascher Strategy and Action on World Trade — J. H. Binger Virtue, in Spite of Erroneous Conceptions =~ J. P. Frankel Nixon and the Mafia — Conclusion «= J, Gerth
13-00000 . ‘blere és the start of the most famous article that we ever published — excerpted from the May, 1970, issue of Computers and Automation. \f you would like to read this article, and look at the eleven photographs it contains, send us $2 (prepayment is necessary). This issue is RETURNABLE IN 7 DAYS FOR FULL REFUND (IF IN SALABLE CONDITION). How can you lose? Computers and Automation, 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160 THE ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY: | THE APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS TO THE PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE by , fg ® 1 Part 1. Introduction Who Assassinated President Kennedy? On November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas, President. John F. Kennedy, while riding in an open limousine through Dealey Plaza and waving to the surrounding crowds, was shot to death. Lee Harvey Oswald, an ex-Marine, and former visitor to the Soviet Union, was arrested that afternoon in a movie theatre in another section of Dallas; that night he was charged with shooting President Kennedy from the sixth floor easternmost window of the Texas School Book Deposi- tory Building overlooking Dealey Plaza. This act Oswald denied steadily through two days of question- ing (no record of questions and answers was ever preserved), Two days later while Oswald was being transferred from one jail to another, he was shot by Jack Ruby, a Dallas night-club owner, in the basement of the Dallas police station, while mil- lions of Americans watched on television. The com- mission of investigation, appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren of the U. S. Supreme Court, published its report in September 1964, and concluded that Oswald was the sole assassin and that there was no conspir- acy. In view of the authority of the Warren Commis- sion, that conclusion was accepted by many Americans for a long time. But the conclusion cannot be con- sidered true by any person who carefully considers the crucial evidence — such as the physics of the shooting, the timing of a number of events, and Other important and undeniable facts. In other words, Oswald was not the sole assassin, and there was @ Conspiracy, ' This article will develop that thesis, prove it to be true on the basis of substantial, conclusive evidence, and in particular some analysis of the photographic evidence. There was in fact a conspiracy. Oswald played a role in the conspiracy, although there is con- Glusive evidence that om November 22, 1963, he did - mo shooting at President Kennedy, and that, just as he claimed when he was in the Dallas jail, he was a "patsy." At least three gunmen (and proba- bly four) — none of whom were in the sixth floor @asternmost window of the Texas School Book Depos- dtory building where the Warren Commission placed Oswald — fired a total of six shots at President Kennedy. One of these shots missed entirely; one hit Governor John B. Connally, Jr. of Texas, riding with Kennedy; and four hit President Kennedy, one in his throat, one in his back, and two in his Richard E. Sprague Hartsdale, New York head. (The bulk of the undeniable evidence for these statements about the shots consists of: (a) the physics of the motions of Kennedy and Con- nally shown in some 60 frames of the famous film by Abraham Zapruder; (b) the locations of the in- juries in Kennedy and in Connally; and (c) more than 100 pictures, consisting of more than 30 still photographs and more than 70 frames of mo- vies.) . More than 50 persons were involved in the con- spiracy at the time of firing the shots. These persons included members of the Dallas police force (but not all of the Dallas police — and that ac- (continued in the May 1970 issue of Computers and Automation) Contents Parts Introduction The Photographic Evidence The Application of Computers to the Photographic Evidence Appendices: Acknowledgements and Notices Epilogue Biblivgraphy Figures Helicopter View of Dealey Plaza Policemen and “Tramps” “Tramps” Policemen and “Tramps” Policemen and “Tramps” 6th Floor Easternmost Window of the Texas School Book Depository Building Kennedy About the Time of the First Shot Kennedy After the First Three Shots and Before the Fatal Shot The Radio Communicator Charts Spatial Chart Schematic Timing Chart Tables Index to Spatial Chart Photographs Acquired. by FBI and Unavailable Main List of Photographs Preliminary List of Computer Codes Preliminary Coding Sheet for Computer-Assisted Analysis
13-00000 THE PURSUIT OF IMPORTANT TRUTH The magazine Computers and Automation has for more than three years followed an unusual publication policy: — The pursuit of truth in input, output, and pro- cessing, for the benefit of people, and an unusual belief: - That computers are too important to be left to computer experts and must be integrated into a socially responsible profession of information engineering. . Whére-this policy has operated most is in publishing information, articles, and reports on subjects which a great many liberal and progressive newspapers and peri- odicals have left unexplored or unmentioned: «- The political conspiracies which have led to the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Sena- tor Robert Kennedy, Martin Luther King, and others — and their coverups - The conspiracies, coverups, and lies in connection with the pursuit of war in Indochina and dictator- ship by the Saigon regime ~ The connections of President Richard M. Nixon with organized crime and the Mafia = The Watergate crimes if you believe in the value of truthful, frank reporting on the most important topics for the welfare of the people of the United States today, we urge you to sub- scribe to our magazine, and buy our back copies (almost every one is in print). Please help us pursue the important truth and report on it, by buying our products. Seb S Barfaa ins Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor nem me ec ce ee ee ee ee me eee (may be copied on any piece of paper) Unsettling, Disturbing, Critical ... Computers and Automation, established 1951] and therefore the oldest magazine inthe field of com- puters and dats processing, believes that the pro- fession of information engineer includes not only competence in handling information using computers and other means, but also a broad responsibility, in @ professional and engineering sense, for: == The reliability and social significance of pertinent input data; ~-= The social value and truth of the output results. : In the same way, @ bridge engineer takes @ pro- fessional responsibility for the reliability and significance of the data he uses, and the safety and efficiency of the bridge he builds, for human beings to risk their lives on. Accordingly, Computers and Automation publishes from time to time articles and other information related to socially useful input and output of data systems in a broad sense. To this end we seek to publish what is unsettling, disturbing, critical ~~ but productive of thought end an improved and safer “house” for all humanity, an earth in which our children and ister generations may have e fue ture, instead of facing extinction. The professional information engineer needs to relate his engineering to the most important and most serious problems in the world teday: war, nuclear weapons, pollution, the population explo~ gion, and many more. JO: Computers and Automation {Computers and Peopie, starting January 1, 1974) 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160, U.S.A. ( ) YES, please start my subscription to your magazine — (  } Without the “Computer Directory”: | enclose ( (  ) With the “Computer Directory”: ( enclose ( { } Please bil! my organization. . )U.S.A., $11.50 (  ) Canada, $12.50 ( } Foreign, $17.50 }U.SA., $23.50  ( } Canada, $24.50 .{ ) Foreign, $32.50 (  ) Please send me information about the important artictes in back copies (usual cost, $2 each) Name: Organization: Address: Signature: Title Purchase Order No.
13-00000 Vol 22, No. 11 November, 1973 Editor Edmund C. Berkeley Assistant Barbara L. Chaffee Editors Linds Ladd Lovett Neil D, Macdonald Software Stewart B, Nelson Editor Advegysing Edmund C, Berkeley Direttor Contributing Editors John Bennett Moses M. Berlin Andrew D. Booth dohn W. Carr itl Ned Chapin Leslie Mezei Bernhard W. Romberg Ted Schoeters Richard E. Sprague Advisory Ed Burnett Committee dames J. Cryan Bernard Quint Editorial Berkeley Enterprises, inc. Offices 816 Washington St. Newtonville, Mass. 02160 617-332-5453 Advertising The Publisher Contact Berkeley Enterprises, inc. 815 Washington St. Newtonville, Mass. 02160 Gi 7-332-5453 “Gomputers and Automation” fs pub- lished monthly, 12 Issues per year, at 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160, by Berkeley Enterprises, (nc. Printed in U.S.A. Second Class Postage paid at Boston, OMass., and additional mailing points. Subscription rates: United States, $11.50 for one year, $22.00 for two years. Canada: add $1 @ year; foreign, add $6 a year. NOTE: The above rates do nat include eur publication “The Computer Directory end Buyers’ Guide”, if you elect to re- celve “The Computer Directory and Buyers’ Guide”, please add $12.00 per yeer to your subscription rate in U.S. and Canade, and $15.00 per year elsewhere. Please address all mall to: Berkeley Enterprises, inc., B15 Washington St, New- tonville, Mass, 02160. Postmaster: Piesse send alt forms 3579 %© Berkeley Enterprises, inc., 815 Washing- ton St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160. Copyright 1973, by Berkeley Enter- erlees, inc. Change of address: if your eddress changes, please send us both your new address and your eld address (as it ap- pears on the magazine address imprint), and allow three weeks for the chanae to be UNTIL DECEMGER 31, 1973 computers and automation computers and people STARTING JANUARY 7, 1974 The Computer Industry — 8 Gooperative Facilities to Obtain the Advantages (TF Al _of Computers by Michael! J. Cerullo, State University of New York, Albany, N.Y. How to plan, before operations begin, a cooperative service bureau that will provide its sponsors with ali the advantages of electronic data processing, plus the advantages of greatly reduced expenses. 10 Control in Time-Sharing Systems {fT A] by Fermin Caro dei Castillo, Fort Worth, Texas Flow time-shared computer systems should be controlled, made secure, and protected against incursions and hazards. 14 Alienation and the Systems Analyst (Tt A] by Alan E. Brill, The Chase Manhattan Bank, New York, N.Y. How systems analysts are often looked upon as ina “somputer department” and outside of the firm — and what might be done to correct this practice. -. Computers and Art 18 Computer Art: The Search Beyond Manipulation (tT A] by Grace C. Hertlein, California State University-Chico, Chico, Calif. How computer art is ranging through variation in patterns, variations in design, and varying philosophies of art — and where it may go. Computers and the Future 20 Computers in Science Fiction — II (INT Al by Marcia Ascher, Professor of Mathematics, Ithaca College, ithaca, N.Y. A survey of some two dozen themes of importance in the real world that are reflected in science fiction when astute writers explore the significance of computers to human beings. 6 The Understanding of Natural Language by Computers INT €] by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and Automation Some rather convincing evidence suggests that before long some large areas of ordinary natural language will be un- derstood by computers. World Affairs and Social Policy e 15 Strategy and Action on World Trade (NT Al by James H. Binger, Chairman, Honeywell Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. Why it is important for the well-being of the people of © the United States to aid the international division of -labor and production: — a discussion bv the head of a — ae
13-00000 The ‘magazine of the design, applications, and implications of information processing systems — and the pursuit of truth in input, output, and processing, for the benefit of people. World Affairs and Social Policy (continued) 33 Virtue, in Spite of Erroneous Conceptions {NT A] by J. P. Frankel, Dean of the Faculty, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, Calif. Which projects and problems should scientists work on? and which projects and problems should receive support by the government and which from other sources? The Profession of Information Engineer and the Pursuit of Truth —. 3 “Unsettling, Disturbing, Critical {NT &] Statement of policy by Computers and Automation 3 The Pursuit of Important Truth , {NT F] by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor Four kinds of truth that are regularly unexplored and . unmentioned, 36 Nixon and the Mafia — Conclusion (NT Al by Jeff Gerth, SunDance Magazine, San Francisco, Calif. The many connections of President Richard M. Nixon with organized crime, scandal, etc. 26 Burying Facts and Rewriting History — ti (NT A] by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and Automation Taken together the information published May 1870 to November 1973 in Computers and Automation effectively destroys a large segment of the beliefs, the rewritten history, that the establishment in the United States has arranged for the people in the United States to believe. 28 Political Assassinations in the United States (INT RI] tnventory of 41 articies published in Computers and Automation May 1970 to October 1973 on the assassi- nations of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert Kennedy, Reverend Martin Luther King, and other polit- ically important persons in the United States: titles, authors, and summaries. 2? The Watergate Crimes INT R] Inventory of 12 articles published in Computers and Automation August 1972 to September 1973 on the burglarizing of the Democratic National Committee offices in the Watergate Building, Washington, D.C., June 17, 1972, and the ramifications: titles, authors, and surnmaries. Computers, Puzzles, and Games 35 Numbles . {Tt ¢] by Neil Macdonald . Corrections For changes in “The Path to Championship Chess by Computer” by Professor Donald Michie published in the January 1973 issue of Computers and Automation, see page 23 of this issue, or page 24 of the July issue. For changes in the reprinting and the indexing of “Communication — Three Wav: Chimoanzee. Man. Comouter” .oublished in the Julv issue. VE ngs rast 1a Front Cover Picture Three eighth graders - each from a different continent - are working together to solve complex mathe- matics problems. They are at the new United Nations International School, and are Laurence Ling May, a Chinese-Thai American; Catharina Nilson of Stockholm, Sweden; and Arun Alagappan of India. The minicomputer system is a gift from Digital Equipment Corp. For more information, see page 43 of the duly 1973 issue. Departments 42 Across the Editor's Desk — Computing and Data Processing Newsletter 50 86Advertising index 50 Calendar of Coming Events 32 Classified Advertisement 48 Monthly Computer Census 46 New Contracts 47 ~=New Installations 23 Statement of Ownership Key [Al — Article {C] — Monthly Column {E] — Editorial . (F] — Forum INT] — Not Technical (R] — Reference (Tl = Technical NOTICE’ *D ON YOUR ADDRESS IMPRINT MEANS THAT YOUR SUBSCRIP- TION INCLUDES THE COMPUTER DIRECTORY. °N MEANS THAT YOUR PRESENT SUBSCRIPTION DOES NOT INCLUDE THE COMm- SUTEA MiRECTNAV .
13-00000 EDITORIAL The Understanding of Natural Language by Computers Proposition: Computers are making long strides towards understanding natural language as used by human beings, and will eventually understand such language as well as many human beings do. What do we mean by: computers? understanding lan- guage?“natural language? And what is the evidence for this proposition? The word “‘computers” here refers to powerful comput- ers that have appropriate programs written by human be- ings plus the programmed capacity to improve their pro- grams by using experience. An example of such improve- ment is Dr. A. L. Samuels’ famous checker-playing pro- gram, which can learn from experience, and which plays far better checkers than Dr. Samuels himself can play. The experience may consist of the following at least: Answers from human beings to questions posed by the computer; Differences between computed results and a@ priori specified results; Signals from the environment, such as instrument readings; Information obtained by “looks” at the environment, as for example recognition of the character A, as in optical character recognition; The interpretation of words, as with FORTRAN ex- pressions. Probably there are even more categories of experience which a powerful computer program can use to modify it- self to become even a better program. In regard to “understanding language”, there are over 500 languages which computers have been programmed to understand, when written precisely according to stated rules: among them, BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, many kinds of machine language, etc. “Natural language” is the ordinary language used by hu- man beings, subject to the requirement that for a computer ‘implicit understandings must be stated. For example, when a speaker exclaims “Ouch!”, a great deal of the meaning comes from the listener’s observations of the speaker. But a computer, like a blind man, cannot “see” the situation, and must be told more than the ordinary listener. With some definitions taken care of, let us consider evi- dence for the main proposition stated above. This evidence includes the information published in several recent ar- ticles in Computers and Automation. * The article ““Do What | Mean’ — The Programmer’s As- sistant’, by Warren Teitelman, in the April 1972 issue, described a “programmer’s assistant”, called “DWIM”; this was a “front end” or preprocessor to an interactive pro- gram for operating with LISP expressions. The front end was tolerant of the programmer’s mistakes in typing, in low- mistake occurred, it would inquire of the human program- mer what he meant, suggesting the correctly spelled alter- native, and so on. In this way the human programmer was relieved of much of the burden of expressing himself ex- actly and correctly the first time, and his efficiency in using the LISP interactive program greatly increased. The three articles “Computer Programming Using Natu- ral Language” by Edmund C. Berkeley, Andy Langer, and Casper Otten, in the June, July, and August 1973 issues, demonstrated the understanding by a computer program called GENIE of at least some sets of instructions in ordi- nary natural language. The vocabulary though small was free; and there was unlimited freedom in putting the words together, with about a 90% chance of complete under- standing. The computer program that did this could be called 15% GENIE, because, as the authors emphasized, it was still in an early stage of development. The article “Latest Computers See, Hear, Speak, and Sing — and May Outthink Man” by David Brand, in the October 1973 issue, enumerated many instances of com- puters (and robots equipped with computers) which could deal with concepts expressed in natural language. One of the programs mentioned could for example decipher natu- ral language commands dealing with the stacking of blocks of various shapes, sizes, and colors. The main tasks for understanding natural language ap- pear to be the following: Recognition of the framework of a sentence; Recognition of the common meaning of groups of synonyms, the collection of words that “say the same thing”’; Knowledge of context: the context is regularly specified to the computer, so that it does not have to deduce the context from “what is being sai ” : Knowledge of a limited vocabulary consisting of per- haps 300 to $00 words — knowledge in the sense that the computer program can attach meaning to the words either by themselves or in phrases, as for example it may attach the meaning of doing something three times to the numeral 3; Capacity to accept variation in the way something is stated by a human programmer. The three articles referred to above show instances of the achievement of all of these tasks separately. Combin- ing all the achievements should not be too hard, especiaily since children as young as four years old show complete capacities to listen to many kinds of natural language, un- derstand, and respond. FE haream AC Benhialy =
13-00000 . SS The Notebook on COMMON SENSE, ELEMENTARY AND ADVANCED is devoted to development, exposition, and illustration of what may be the most important of ali fields of knowledge: WHAT IS GENERALLY TRUE AND IMPORTANT JUDGEMENT AND MATURITY ey PURPOSES: to help you avoid pitfalls to prevent mistakes before they happen to display new paths around old obstacles te point out new solutions to old problems to stimulate your resourcefulness to increase your accomplishments to improve your capacities to help you solve problems to give you more tools to think with ay REASONS TO BE INTERESTED IN THE FIELD OF COMMON SENSE, WISDOM, AND GENERAL SCIENCE COMPUTERS are irnportant — But the computer field is over 25 years old. Here is a new field where you can get in on the ground floor to make your mark. MATHEMATICS is important — But this field is more important than mathematics, because common sense, wisdom, and general science have more applications, WISDOM is important — This field can be reasonably called “the engineering of wisdom”, COMMON SENSE is important — This field includes the systematic study and development of common sense. SCIENCE is important — This field includes what is common to all the sciences, what is generally true and important in the sciences. MISTAKES are costly and to be AVOIDED — : This field includes the systematic study of the prevention o mistakes, MONEY is important — The systematic prevention of mistakes in your organization ANALYSIS Bowne eseneenens (may be copied on any piece of paper} TECHNIQUES FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS SCIENCE IN GENERAL TECHNIQUES SOME PARTS SOME PARTS AVOIDANCE “FOR + OF OF + AVOIDING OPERATIONS LOGICAL MISTAKES RESEARCH FALLACIES Topic: SYSTEMATIC EXAMINATION OF GENERAL CONCEPTS Already Published The Concept of: Expert Rationalizing Feedback Model Black Box Evolution _ Niche To Come Strategy Understanding Teachable Moment indeterminacy System Operational Definition THE SYSTEMATIC PREVENTION OF MISTAKES Already Published Preventing Mistakes from: Failure to Understand Forgetting Unforeseen Hazards Placidity To Come Preventing Mistakes from: Bias Camouflage interpretation Distraction Guillibility Failure to Observe Failuré to Inspect Prejudice : Computers and Automation 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160 ( ) Yes, please enter my subscription to The Notebook on Common Sense, Elementary and Advanced at $12 a year (24 issues}, plus extras. | understand that you always begin at the beginning and so | shail not miss any issues. { } Please send me as free premiums for subscribing: 1. Right Answers — A Short Guide to Obtzining Them “4. Strategy in Chess 2. The Empty Column §. The Barrels and the Elephant 3. The Gelden Trumpets of Yap Yap 6. The Argument of the Beard ( ) enclose $ { ) Please bill my organization RETURNABLE IN 7 DAYS FOR FULL REFUND IF NOT SATISFACTORY i HOW CAN YOU LOSE? might save 10 to 20% of its expenses per year. "os . , OPPORTUNITY is important — : me. Title if you enter or renew your subscription to both Computers Organization and Automation and the Notebook on Common Sense at the same time, direct to us, — you may take off $2.00 per year from the total cost. Address (including zip) Signature Purchase Order No.
13-00000 Cooperative Facilities to Obtain the Advantages of Computers Michael J. Cerullo Asst. Professor of Accounting State Univ. of New York at Albany 1400 Washington Ave. Albany, N.Y. 12222 pelt “Because of general dissatisfaction, 30% of the surveyed service bureau clients planned to discontinue using service bureaus.” ° Computer Use A recent study of 2,500 companies conducted by the Research Institute of America, revealed that 55% of the firms regularly use computers in conducting their business. Further breakdown of the study shows that an average of 32% own or lease their own computers, and 23% use an outside service bureau for processing data.! While a majority of the companies surveyed do use computers in some form, a significant 45%.of. the re- spondents do not use any type of computerized data processing service. Those companies cited the fol- lowing reasons for not using computers :2 Per Cent Operation too small 50 Too costly : 35 Looked into and tabled for the present 31 Present methods satisfactory 21 Plan to install a computer within a 8 year Plan to begin using a service bureau 8 ; within a year Other 13 Total (multiple answers) 166% Service Bureau Use In addition to the non-users, another recent Study revealed that most service bureau clients are not effectively using their service bureau and, as @ result, are receiving few, if any, of the advan- tages of electronic: data processing (EDP). Most of the surveyed service bureau clients were:3 1. Receiving routine services which do net save . them money. 2. Not planning to expand into more sophisticated, - higher-payoff applications. 3. Not receiving indirect benefits and savings. such as improved information for decision making. 4, Not satisfied with current services. The study also disclosed that because of the gen- eral dissatisfaction, 30% of the surveyed service bureau clients planned to discontinue using service bureaus and purchase in-house computers.4 Cooperative Service Bureaus Both non-users and dissatisfied service bureau clients, therefore, offer a ready market for a newer approach to obtaining the advantages of EDP — the formation of a cooperative service bureau. A coop- erative service bureau consists of several sponsor- ing firms who jointly own a computer and share in its operating costs at a much lower expense than in- dividual ownership of a computer. If carefully planned before operations begin, a cooperative ser- vice bureau will provide its sponsors with all the advantages of EDP plus many other advantages unique te jointly-shared facilities and personnel. Among these additional advantages are: 1. The sponsors would purchase a computer tai- lored to their specific needs. 2. They would have exclusive use of the computer. 3. Their computer would be available for use at any time. 4. They could share the costs of any computer programs developed. 3. They could share the costs of any package or canned computer programs purchased. &. They would have available for their exclusive use a staff of data processing experts and @ computer — at a fraction of the cost of individual ownership. Factors insuring the Success of the Cooperative e The first step in forming a successful coopera- tive service bureau ‘is to enroll an appropriate num- ber of comapnies. Ideally the cooperative should be limited to five or six sponsoring firms. A larger number may create unmanageable problems involving operations, communications, control. scheduling of computer time, and so forth. A smaller number may make the venture economically unfeasible.
13-00000 * . Lack of interest At the present time, widespread lack of interest fe joining a cooperative is more of a problem to po- aeatial organizers than too much demand. The author gestacied a number of public accounting firms about the feasibility of forming cooperatives and found ehat three firms who had already made such an at~- ; aeapt could not interest enough firms to join. Their comments were: «we We tried te organize one several years ago; the firms contacted were not interested. = tie would like to explore this possibility bul we can't get anyone else interested. aw» At present there appears to be a tragic lack ef interest locally by other CPA firms. gia Crquestionably, one reason for the lack of inter- est is a misunderstanding of the true nature of a cooperative. Interested companies must therefore be prepared to sell the idea to others. As more pub- hisned material becomes available in the field, this problem should be alleviated. Confidential information A second major reason for lack of interest is that companies fear for the control and security of thelr confidential or sensitive information. Such a concern is certainly legitimate and underscores the geed for a cooperative that is to be successful, to devise an adequate system for quality contre] and security. A committee responsible for such a system should be established at the outset by the sponsor- fag firms. Protection One of its duties should be to adequately safe- guard the sponsors’ records and documents against fire, theft, water, and other hazards and disasters. Statistics compiled by the Safe Manufacturers Na- thenal Association show that about one-half of com- panies whose important records and documents were destroyed through some catastrophe never resumed business or were permanently closed down within six Bonths; an additional 13% suffered serious economic tepzirment and were able to remain in business only under severe operating handicaps.5 For this reason the quality control and security committee must see that the cooperative service bureau maintains: Protective devices fireproof vaults & method of reconstructing any destroyed records adequate insurance to cover loss of impor- tant client records or documents The committee must also take measures to prevent See client's records from becoming commingled with Seother client's records — a noteunlikely occurrence fe such an environment. . Preventing Disclosure Finally, the committee should determine how to prevent disclosure of confidential ipformation. For faaaple, no member of any sponsoring company should be allowed in certain Strategic parts of the com- Peter center. Likewise, each company's records . phovid be coded and the code number known only to *y Computer center personnel. In cases requiring Bimose security, the actual processing of data Should be monitored by a key employee of the com- Peter center or possibly by a representative of a disinterested third party, such as a firm of inde- pendent public accountants. Sharing of Expenses: Startup Costs With an adequate number of sponsoring firms lined up and a sound security system worked out, the third mecessity in establishing a successful cooperative is to determine methods of sharing the expenses. There are two categories of costs to consider: 1. Startup costs. These include all costs incur- ved prior to the time that the cooperative commences operations. Startup costs are either directly traceable to a particular firm or are joint or com- mon to all firms. An example of a direct cost would be that of analyzing, modifying, and redesigning of systems prior to conversion to the computer. An ex- ample of a joint or common cost would be the cost of computer housing, including air conditioning, engi- neering supervision, false floors, ducts and pipes, tranformers or motor generators, cabling and wiring, and overhead racks and supports. Each sponsoring firm should pay for its own di- rect costs. Joint costs should be shared equally or apportioned among the firms according to some equi- table formula. . Operating Costs 2. Operating costs. These include the monthly hardware and software costs to operate the coopera- tive. Hardware costs refer to the periodic rental or purchase charge for the computer equipment. As a foinimum the computer equipment consists of an input unit, a central processing unit, and an output unit. Software costs include personnel costs, programming costs, testing and debugging costs, magnetic tapes, disc packs, punched cards, paper, paper tapes’; re- pair parts, power, telecommunication lines, and so on. Operating costs that are directly traceable should be paid by the using firm. Joint or common costs can be shared equally or can be allocated to each firm based on the number of transactions pro- cessed or the actual computer processing time used during the period. In addition, if so desired, a sponsor could be required to pay a minimum or maxi- mum monthly charge. Management Fourthly, the sponséring companies should decide how to manage the venture. It is advisable to form a committee to oversee the management and operation of the cooperative. A decision must be made whether each member regardless of size should have one vote or whether another basis of voting should be used. This decision should assure participants that no one firm will dominate or control the cooperative. Common Line of Busiriess 4 A factor not to be overlooked when forming a co- operative, one which will avoid frustrations, com- plications, and extra expenses, is to see that each member is in the same industry or business category. Thus all sponsoring firms will have similar operat- ing problems that can be simultaneously solved by the computer personnel, resulting in the allocation of smaller costs to each firm for each problem solved. Also computer programs developed or pack- aged programs purchasec can be shared by all spon- sors with minimum modifications, thus resulting. in considerable programming cost savings. (please turn to page 13)
13-00000 Control in Time-Sharing Systems Fermin Cara del Castiilo 6043 Westridge Lane Fort Worth, Texas 76116 “A time-sharing installation (like every computer environment) is exposed to tke seven major dangers: fire, water, theft, fraud, sabotage, equipment malfunctions, and human errors.” , fey e.. an ~ introduction This article has as its main objective to furnish and define some methods and provisions for control and security in a computer time-sharing environment. It is evident that computer time-sharing has be~- come very popular during recent years, More and more confidential information is being handled by these systems, creating an urgent need for strong measures of control and security. Description of the System The service provided by a single computer to many telecommunications terminals has been called "com- puter time-sharing”. With this type of service each user shares simultaneously in the processing capa- bilities of the central processor, This new com- puter facility makes this service available to small companies and/or other users who have little need for their own computer. Computing services that may go under the heading of time-sharing include: Commercial computing; text editing; databank information retrieval services; application services such as colleges' records, inventory control, payrolls of small companies, and ac- count receivables; administrative messages: switching and collection services; and more, Among the great number of time-sharing users are hospitals (Welch Hospital, one of the biggest in Europe, has acquired the large ICL 1904S computer with 7020 terminals), banks (Gosbank, the national bank of the USSR, has ordered two large-scale Honey- well series 600 with 100 terminals), schools and colleges (British schools and colleges have started using terminals), airlines (Continental Airlines uses the Sonic 360 reservation system with 550 on- line terminals), Trends The growth in computer time-sharing has been phe- homenal im recent years in spite of a short business recession between 1970 and 1972, Time sharing was e broker's dream in the ‘60s; many companies realized its potential, entered the market, and failed be- cause of: one, strong competitive Pressure, and two, because of the countless thefts and violations suf- fered, The highly competitive situation benefited the user in regard to pricing, but the offsetting consequence of lower profits caused a high casualty Tate among these companies, As a result, the number of time-sharing firms dropped from 150 to 50 between 1969 and 1972, A few of the companies which survived and which account for most of today's time-sharing business are Rapidata Corporation, Teletype Corporation (a subsidiary of ATGT), Tymeshare Incorporated (the largest independent firm and second only in size 10 IBM and Honeywell time-sharing operations), and IBM Jerry Dreyer, executive president of ADAPSO, an “association of data processing service organizations estimates that one time-sharing company out of three was profitable in 1971, two out of five in 1972, and probably three out of six in 1973. Nowadays, this computer facility is coming back to its original trend, and it is expected that the mumber of com- puters with terminals will grow from 32% at the end of 1971 to 45% at the end of 1975, with the average central processing unit driving 15 to 20 terminals. One consultant, Creative Strategies of Palo Alto, California, predicts that time-sharing sales by 1976 will increase to 2 billion from 331 million last year, By 1975, says ADAPSO'’s Dreyer, time-sharing will account for 1/3 of the $4.5 billion computer services industry. Technological Advances Most important technological advances have been achieved recently on on-line terminals linked to central processors, Some of the improvements made include solid state keyboards, which have greater reliability and lower cost; visual display methods, which incorporate more capacity, economy, and aes- thetic appeal; non-impact printing techniques, which provide faster, quieter and more reliable opera- tions; improved lower cost memories; more powerful logic capability; and faster and more accurate modern techniques and improvements in central proc- essor software, This is only the beginning, It is foreseen that in the future the equipment itself will change in nature and will probably net be recognizable as terminals per se, Rather, terminals will be modu- lar systems consisting of the required input/output functions for specific jobs, built around basic con- troller and communication interfaces: in many in- stances, terminals will become special purpose de- vices, Hazards ° A time-sharing installation, like every computer environment, is exposed to the seven major dangers of fire, water, theft, fraud, sabotage, EDP equip- ment malfunctions, and human errors. Fire is con- sidered to be the greatest threat to magnetic tapes. Water does not constitute an important hazard to magnetic tapes, but it does to computer installa-
13-00000 : eft, fraud, sabotage, EDP equipment mal- thee and human errors are considered the most eanpog dangers. ga-lfne termingls connected to central processors frm vesote points are more exposed to violations ext thefts, The facreasing popularity of time- sverieg systems among large corporations and ser- sice bureaus has given rise to even more potential severity breaches. Data transmitted over @ com- gescetion line could be subject to wire tapping and e eumper of other hazards such as piggyback entry, evereby the intruder intercepts and compromises qawenaicetion between a terminal and the processor eeste @ legitimate user is inactive but still hold- dey the Line open. The intruder can even cancel tae eser’s sign-off signal and continue operating he Bis mame. A knowledgeable person could enter prapoen changes from a terminal and play havoc with the System, Need for Protection Due to the increasing popularity of computing eepvices, the issue of control and security pro- section has become more important. It is evident stet tlec-sharing systems present few obstacles to easuthoriged parties. The security problem has been wade @uch more critical by the growing number of people trained in computers and by the fading of the computer mystique, In addition, communication by ewans of time-sharing systems has no more protection than telephone conversations or Morse-coded methods, éiece the technological skills necessary to inter- pret computerized data are widespread. More and eere companies are appointing security monitors from teeir EDP staffs to centralize security matters, feade organizations such as the American Management Astorfation and the Bank Administration Institute, conputer firms, and research firms such as Advance- eeat Management Research, Inc. find their seminars e@ computer security overcrowded by data processing @seagers and security officers from business and geverament, Target of Attacks Computers have become an important source of in- fereation and, as a result, the target of many at- ‘echs. Some of the general information targets for iadustrial espionage are sales and service informa- thoa, market analysis strategies, bid prices, cor- porate finance, stockhelder information, legal ne- setiations, planned policy changes, expansion plans, Product developments, personnel changes, payroll date, general administrative matters; and the list towld be expanded even more, Threats The case of an 16 year-old Cincinnati youth who ated long distance telephone to tap the lines of a ti@eesharing system firm in Louisville, Kentucky, sed extracted data from its ledgers, as well as rec- re of its customers, is representative of the type 8 tisk to which computer installations are exposed. dccidents can have serious consequences such as ¢ factdent in which income tax return records for a sere erased by energy emitted from the radar of Searby airport in Austin, Texas. Sefeguards wea is important to consider that too much control bone 0 many security safeguards can become bother- seauthes costly, The measures to pretect data from Cordier access vary from one system to another. the B Hg to Richard F. Cross, Security Office for ank of New York. security svstems should ine clude each of the following segments: physical se- curity; personnel security; procedural security; audit control; insurance; and any needed interfacing. The quality and level of protection required de- pends on the sensitivity of the data handled, Never~- theless, control and security im a time-sharing en- vironment should encompass the whole system, since it is well known that even the strongest control measures can be viclated at the weakest point. These measures should be taken in the central processing unit, software, personnel, communication lines, the terminal, and its users. Methods and Provisions — Central Processing Unit The central processor is threatened mostly by sabotage, fire, water, theft, EDP equipment mal- functions, human accidental errors and environmen- tal problems, The computer center of any company is the heart of the organization, and protection of the equip- ment against these threats can be provided by a carefully planned computer room. Luis Scoma, Presi- dent of Data Processing Security, Inc., recommends that the computer center be located out of the main traffic areas. It must be fireproof, dustfree, and waterproof and provided with temperature and humid- ity control and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers. Water lines should not run through the computer room. A separate, fireproof storage area should be provided for data files, documentation, and oper- ating supplies. It should also have alarm devices sensitive to magnetism, humidity, heat, pressure, dust, theft, power blackout, etc. There should be strong access control including armed guards, fenced areas, TV monitors, personnel identification (visual, voice print, fingerprint, badge, passwords, etc.), well-performed maintenance service, and a mumber of extra provisions for protection. Data Processing Security, Inc. has developed, for high security necessities, an electronically oper- ated double door entry system for access control in- to the computer room. When a person enters the buf- fer zone, the door locks behind him while he is sub- jected to electronic search. If something is de- tected, the system freezes and automatically alerts the security guard. The second door can be opened only with a special badge key. A carbon dioxide (C09) fire extinguishing system, such as the one installed at the Chase Manhattan Bank's New York City headquarters, has proved use- ful. Engineered by Walter Kidde & Co., Inc., this system uses a battery of remotely located cylinders containing the liquid gas. When activated by smoke detectors, the gas discharges and builds up an in- ert atmosphere in the immediately surrounding area, extinguishing the fire without damaging equipment or data files. Employees can go back to work within five minutes after the fire has been put out and the ventilation systems restarted. Another fire-fighting system which has been de- veloped by the Ansul Company uses Halon extinguish= ing agents which are discharged in the form of a colorless, odorless, and non-toxic gas, °Since Halon agents do not work by diluting oxygen, they are well-suited for areas. where humans are present. The Guaranty Bank and Trust Co. of Worcester, Mass., has adopted another approach to fire-fighting, @ system installed by Security Control Systems which detects fire, smoke and excessive temperatures and humiditv fluctuations and causes a monitoring and