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wee? we  NOSENKO'S KGB CAREER A. Introduction During his 11 or 12 years’ service in the KG8 Secorg Chief : Directorate, NOSENKO said, he rose from case officer to deputy ‘ sort chief of a department and from lieutenant to lieutenant colonel , : (or, as he has stated more recently, only to the rank of captain). An English speaker, he had specialized.in operations against American targets in the USSR as he Steadily advanced to higher positions in the U.S. Embassy Section of the American Department (from entry on duty with the KGB in 1952 or 1953 until 1955, and from January 1960 to January 1962} and in the Touriagt Depart - , ment (from June 1955 to January 1960, and from January 1962 until the defection). His duties took him to England in 1957 and 1958, Cuba in 1960, and Bulgaria in 1961 as well as to Switzerland in 1962 and 1964; also, NOSENKO made numerous trips within the USSR in connection with operations, inspections, and conferences, Commendations, twice accompanied by bonuses, were awardad to him by the KGB Chairman in 1956, 1959, and 1961 and by the head of the Second Chief Directorate in 1957 and 1958: he was Gne of 70 Second Chief Dirsctecrate officers awarded the Order of the ‘Red Star in 1962; ang in the same year he received a medal for completing ten years of "“irreproachable service, "* Thus, according to NOSENKO, his defection ended a promising career marked by promotions, responsible positions, extensive travel, and many honors, NOSENKO has discussed a large number of KGB operations, in- cluding some in which he had a personal role, either as 4 par- ticipant or as a supervisor, and others conducted by other KGB personnel in the First and Second Chief Directorate about which he learned through his professional and persoral contacts,. ‘i Those in which he played a personal role are covered in this part of the paper. All are included in Part VI, The text of the paper distinguishes the information from collateral] sources and investigations from the details which NOSENKO has provided en the same topics. , a * NOSENKO has admitted recently, however, _ ny awards at all in the KGB. = etal aS Nanna neers ede) ot
B. Entry into the KGB NOSENKO has provided a wide range of dates for his entry on duty with the KGB and has offered disparate descriptions of the circumstances and procedures involved in his becoming a — ian KGB staff officer, His statements on these two topics are cs a presented under separate headings below. , Co ‘ l. - Date of Ertry A range of dates between early 1952 and 2 April 1953 has been given by NOSENKO as the time when he entered on duty with the KGB, bet he has been most consistent in placing his entry in the month of March 1953.* in summary, he has said the beginning of 1952 (statement of 31 January 1964), May 1952 with no day (statement of February 1964), 5 or ? September 1952 (statement of 6 April 1964)..March 1953 with no day (statements of 9 June 1962, 24 April 1966 and. 27 October 1966), 12 or 15 or 17 March 1953 (statement of 8 April 1964), 13 or 15 March 1953 (statement‘of 26 July 1965), and 2 April 1953 (statement of “17 April 1966). When iase questioned about this subject, on 27 October 1966, NOSENKO acknowledged that he had lied when he had earlier reported his entry as occurring in 1952. His state- a ments about the entry date are arranged in chronological order \ below. eee DAI Vata gl A BE HE te ‘4 3 9 June 1962 (first CIA meeting with NOSENKO): “In the beginning of 1953 I came to Moscow /from duty with the GRU in Primorsk/. This was 1953, in the beginning. in Janzary. Well, I came on leave to Moscow. I was staying ac my father's dacha there... I was then in the Navy GRU. So I ceme to Moscow on leave and, while I was home_near Moscow at my father’s dacha, @General Bogdan Zakharovich/ KOBULOV** dropped in on us. A con- versation simply began. He said: ‘What are you doing?' I said: ‘I'm working in GRU. I worked in the Far East and now I'm work- ing in the Baitac, I came here on leave.’ KOBULOV said: ‘How do you like the work?’ I replied: ‘Well, speaking honestly, I : don't like the work.' ‘Well,' he said, ‘You better come to work with us, Where do you want to co? Into auntelligence or counter~ . intelligence?'... I did not want to go into intelligence. I ntietadd’.ds 3ite i * Several of NOSENKO's remarks about his date of entry into the KGB were made during CIA questioning aboucr how and i - when he first learned of the KGB agent 'ANDREY"; the lead - i. ve ee? to "ANDREY" was one of the two pieces of information which a NOSENKO offered to sell when he approached CIA in 1962 (see Part II.B.); the “ANDREY case is discussed at : greater length in Part VI.D.3.b. - , : saigiltilets blade nasa from the State Security apparatus in 1946 and that he did not return to a position of authority until a few days , after Lavrentiy BERIYA became MGB-MVD. Minister on 9 or 10 March 1953. As of 1952, KOBULOV was working in East Germany for both Wismut A.G., a uranium ore-mining con- . ¢ern, and for the Soviet contingent to the Allied Control . Commission. KOBULOV was arrested at the same time as | , BERIYA, along with others in the KGB. See Part V.B.2. — _€er further references to KOBULOV.. . : os oy 7 6 ae Other sources have reported that KOBULOV was expelled. OO a on ae g
aa SEDI revi FSR ak REY, oa + gonsider that only people who have seven, even ten years’ ex- . “ . perience in counterintelligence work should be sent co intelli- gence. After this, let them go into positive intelligence. Then they know how counterintelligence operates... Well, when KOBULOV asked me where I wanted to work, I answered: ‘It is better, of course, to go into counterintelligence.' ‘Well,' he said, ‘Good. Look, drop in to see me for a minute sometime.’ This was simple conversation, Nothing official. A week later I got 4 telephone call. They were calling from Personnel and told me to stop by. I went. ‘Come into this room,' /they told me/, ‘it's not necessary to fill out a questionnaire (anketa). We have already obtained your personal fiie from the GRU, Go directly to the central entrance, A pass has already been -issued for you; the pass is already there. Ga to the Secre~ tariat of Bogdan Zakharovich KOHULCV,' Well, I went. KOBULOV had been summoned somewhere hich up in the government, and his assistant received me. ‘'How_about working in the American De-~ partment?' he /the assistant/ asked. ‘Well. good. Go there right.now.! Well, I wert to the Second Directorate... His ZKOBULOV's/ assistant sent me directly to the Second Directo- rate, the American Department, the First Section, working with American correspondents...in ‘53, in March, in March '53, STALIN had just died."* Vea, upc Bieg! j a oy 4 $ 4 “3 a
87. “32 January 1964: Yuriy Ivanovich GUK was reassigned from - * the KGB Second Chief Directorate "in something like 1952," .£"-HOSENKO said, “exactly just about the time when I came from “3 the GRU to the KGB. He was already gone by that time."* February 1964: After his defection on 4 February 1964, ‘NOSENKO prepared an official statement about his biography. He said that he had entered the KGB in 1952, and he shifted ‘yee’ ‘the dates of most of the events during the. 1945-1955 periog. one | year backwards from the version given in 1962. This was dis-~ cussed with NOSENKO, and. he repeated the new dates; he then studied and approved an official statement on his biography meant ate, (for the Intelligence Community) which contained the new dates, including his claim that he entered on duty with the KGB in about May 1952. ‘ ; 6 April 1964: Confronted with the above inconsistencies, o ssid NOSENKO said that he returned to Moscow in August 1952 and during the same month had a conversation with KGB personnel about getting a job. The interview continued with the following dialogue: Question: You came (to Moscow) in January? NOSENKO: No, it wasn't January, it was the second part of 1952. Yes, before that I was in the GRU... Maybe - if I tell you 7 ~ 7 September - maybe it was 5, I don't know. Question: ...What date did you enter on duty with KGB? NOSENKO: I don't remember. Question: Early September 1952? NOSENKO: Early September 1952, yes... I came and the first few days was sitting in a room with KUTYREV, RAKOVSKILY, and GROBOV, in Room 615. Yes, it was 7 September when I had joined... 7 or 5... And so the first few weeks I had been reading cases, studying forms; I worked like that (during) December, January, February... No, it was March, yes, after STALIN's death, after the reorganization. And at the end of March I was transferred to the attaches cases...** This would place the entry date some time at the beginning of 1952, for the KGB defector GOLITSYN has reported that GUK was transferred from the Second Chief Directorate in January 1952. NOSENKO later settled on June or July 1954 as the time of, | this transfer. Part V.C. covers the period when, according -to NOSENKO, he was engaged in operations against the U.S. military attaches in Moscow. Co wt baked ae nttiliensds Uabhes 25) ci eal cateannts before fe ore tec hatha gece abot UBB te Pa Ride Bade Lat oo hia ii i 2a
_: ” @ April 1964: ‘The interrogator pointed out to KOSENKO that he had on different occasions dated his entry into the KGB as - January 1952, March 1953, and in September 1952. The questioning continued: aor Question: Which is the truth? = a, NOSENKO: After the death of STALIN, in _March 1953. Why did I say it /the other dates/? You see, I finished the Institute in 1949.. Then I defended my diploma, and then came the State exams. I passed all.the exams except one - "Foundations of Marxism-Leninisn? the philosophy. And I had to take all the examinations over again. All of them. -I took four, passed three, flunked one. t Just the same, all four had to be taken over | again. For that reason 1 graduated, cr I received the diploma from the Institute in 1950, although officially I graduated in 1949, This is an un- pleasant thing and I did not want to mention it. And right after that I was sent to the GRU.* The rest is just as I told you, word-for-word. This was the only thing. And then, after I said it, : I did not want to correct it. To twist around : ; again. And the mistake I made was about my work ‘ in the KGB. It was not 1952, of course, but 1953... It was 12 or 17 or 15 March, KOBULOV accepted me right away. STALIN was still not dead and I was already accepted. March 1953, , about the 15th, about 15 March 1953. : rhe tatieabe antes wtih. ng 26 July 1965: “At the end of 1952 I came to Moscow from Sovetsk in Primorskiy Kray; near Baltiysk. I had worked in the Naval Intelligence Point (MRP) there. My aim in coming to { Moscow was to get out of this work in the MRP. I couldn't : stand that work. I couldn't stand that work... I arrived in Moscow at the end of 1952, December... I don't remember exactly the date of the order appointing me an officer in the KGB, It was 13 or 15 March 1953." ; . 17 April 1966 (letter to CIA case officer): “From August ' 1952 until 1953 I worked at the Intelligence Point of the Naval _ Intelligence cf the 4th Fleet in,Sovetsk, where I received the rank of lieutenant of the Administrative Service. From 2 April 1953 until 4 February 1964 I worked in the Second Chief Direc- torate of the MGB-KGB," me AORRIES ajar Maen on een 2 ae ee wept 24 April 1966 (signed autobiographical statement): "In 7 . ' the middle of March /1953/ KOBULOV's assistant, Colonel -’ SAVITSKIY called me at home and told me to come to see KOBU- ar — LOV... I worked in the First Section, First /American/ Depart- ment from the middle of March 1953 until July 1955." 4 a A y ny eo - 27: October 1966: NOSENKO reaffirmed that he entered the past). KGB in mid-March 1953. He said that he had lied when he earlier - eo, said that he had joined the KGB in 1952, and that he knew he was ’ °. lying at the times he made these statements. Asked why he had - -- lied, he replied: "There was no sense." NOSENKO then went on ae _to explain that because he was only an average student and aa because he was a heavy drinker, he had been found unsuitable WSince April 1966, NOSENKO has said he joined the GRU in 1951, @ year later. co -
2. Circumstances and Procedures of Entry. ops _ a I a -.asked me where I wanted to work, I answered: ‘It is better, of was Simple conversation. Nothing official. A week later I |. JKOBULOV's/ assistant sent me directly to the Second Directo- ._ American correspondents." .* See Part V.B.1. for further references to. KOBULOV. .. by the KGB entry commission when he first applied in 1950. Therefore, NOSENKO continued, he had been trying to conceal this fact from CIA by moving events back a year, for he thought CIA would not have believed him if he reportea that he was ly E first rejected by the KGB and was later accepted. , : ee ccailig Although NOSENKO has consistently associated his entry into : re a. the KGB with his discussions with General KOBULOV,* he has been : -7 } . inconsistent concerning the content of their conversation, when it occurred, its relationship in time to other events (see ‘ | Part IV.8.), and where it took place, at his father's dacha or at KOBULOV's dacha. Also, wherees NOSENKO said in 1962 that there were virtually no administrative formalities prerequisite. to his entry, he recalled in 1964 that he had had conversations H with various KGB personnel officers and (at home) had completed a KGB questionnaire and a biographic form, NOSENKO was question~ ed at length on these points during 1964 and 1965. As a resvlt, he provided lengthy descriptions of his various interviews at | KGB Headquarters and of the questionnaire and other documents he completed, In April 1966, however, NOSENKO reverted to his boo original statement of 1962: There were no interviews with KGB personnel officers, and he implied that he had filled out no i ; official forms. His various statements are presented in chrono- logical order below. ef atin th eidned igs ent atabstibd ete 9 June 1962: “KOBULOV was at our dacha. Well, he is a great friend of my father. He was First Deputy to BERIYA, end my father was Minister of the Shipbuilding Industry... A conversa- tion simply began. He said: ‘What are you doing?’ I said: ‘I'm i working in GRU. I worked in the Far East and now I'm working i on the Baltic. I came here on leave.‘ KOBULOV said: ‘How do i x you Like the work?' I replied: ‘Well, speaking honestly, I don't like the work.' ‘Well,' he said, ‘You better come to work I with us. Where do you want to go? Into intelligence or counter- i intelligence?'... I did not want to go into intelligence. I consider that only people who have seven, even ten years’ ex-. perience in counterintelligence work should be sent to intelli- gence. After this, let them go into positive intelligence. Then they know how counterintelligence operates...Well, when KOBULOV course, to go into counterintelligence.' ‘Well,' he said, ‘Good. Look, drop in to see me for a minute sometime.' This got a telephone call. They were calling from Fersonnel and told me to stop by. I went. ‘Come into this. room,' /they told me/, ‘it's not necessary to fill out a questionnaire (anketa). We have already obtained your personal file from the GRU. Go directly to the central entrance. A pass has already been issued for your the pass is already there: Go to the Secre- tariat of Bogdan Zakharovich KOBULGV.' Well, I went. KOBULOV ~ had been summoned somewhere high up in the government, .and his assistant received me. ‘How about working in the American De~- . partment?’ he /the assistant/ asked. ‘Well, good.. Go there. jee right now.' Well, I went to the Second Directorate... His “ aan rate, the American Department, the First Section; working with oo ee:
8 April 1964: “It was February {1953]. KOBULCV was in Pebruary - in Moscow.” He was our friend. He said: 'O.K., George. I‘il help you if you want, with the KGB.' I remember exactly. Yes. It was-in February. f saw him at the cottage...--+-- By this timé+i had been in Moscow six weeks... KOLULOV was in February. He went to see my father at the Ministry. It was the end of the day. It was late and my father invited him to come along to the summer home. It happened to be a Saturday. KOBULOV's wife: stayed in Germany. He was just here for a short TDY.* My father invited him to spend. Saturday night. and Sunday at the dacha... On Sunday we were playing billiards and KOBULOV asked me what I was doing. I told him ‘nothing,’ that I was at the disposal of the [GRU] Personnel Department. I said: ‘I don't want to go back to Baltiysk, to the Baltic Sea, because I don't like the work there. I'm not doing anything there. I get no satisfaction from the work.’ He said: ‘Well, you should be utilized somehow... Do you want me to call the KGB Personnel - them look you over?' I told him: ‘All right.' He called, and he must have given our number to them, our home phone. I was called subsequently by the Personnel Department of the KGB. In February. They told me to come see them at House No. 12. They had a pass for me... So I went. Picked up my pass and went.... {NOSENKO next gives a description of his route to the KGB build- ing, his. receipt of a pass, and his visit to the Central KGa Personnel Office.} They talked to me. This man - I don't know who or what he was - 2sked where I worked before and all that. He said: ‘'O.K. We'll request your file from GRU. We will check . you out and will let you know whether or not we will take you.’ That's all.” NOSENKO was asked whether he completed any forms or questionnaires. "No. Not there. They gave me three copies of forms to take home. There were so many questions. About my parents, my education, my residences, addresses. I filled all this out... Finally I completed all three copies and called them. I was told that this time I would not need a pass, that I should just go to the entrance, and the person [the personnel officer] would. come down-and take the papers from me. I went, brought the papers, and he took them from me, and also three copies of my handwritten autobiography... Then I was called by ‘the personnel people once more. And at that time another officer talked to me, and this time I knew who was talking to me, because I was told to go to talk to ROZHENKO [first name ‘unknown, later identified as a Section Chief in the Personnel Department J. This was in March... Just as soon as STALIN died, KOBULOV came back from Germany immediately. He must have been summoned by BERIYA or someone. And so, in just a few days - evidently he did not forget - I got a call. It was Bogdan gakharovich's assistant. He told me to go to the central entrance, that I didn't need a pass. I remember it as if. it just happened. I went in the uniform of a lieutenant, but with a civilian overcoat. This was, maybe, the 10th of March... I | sat down [in KOBULOV's office]. I thought it would be for five minutes. I waited there almost two hours. The assistant came out a few times and told me that Bogdan zakharovich is very, very busy, but that he would give me an escort. Some senior -.. lieutenant came up to me and told me to follow him... We went. --wp to the sixth floor of the old building. I-remembér. it as though it just happened. I sat there about five or seven minutes. Then I was told to go in. I announced myself. He said: ‘Yes, I know. Sit down. My name is SHUBNYAKOV, Fedor Grigoryevich." He told me he was the Deputy Chief of the > - Second Chief Directorate and that they had talked things over “and decided. He said that they wanted to offer me.a position. ‘in counterintelligence, in the First Department, the American | WHOSENKO had been told by his interrogator shortly before - that KOBULOV had been stationed in Germany and not in Moscow. - 4 a ea tats Heh oo vie end ett . . . Yy , stad eat abidellaaye eh eit. oi A Reet Eerie 2 dees =
ae een a . q + ae omeene emp gee OE Department... Then he asked /A. “7 GORBATENKO to come in. . He wag filling in for the Chief of the First Department... '. He took me to his office... dell, they decided to put me in the First /U.'S. Embassy/ Section and called Yevgeniy KOZLOV, the Chief of the Section. He came in and said: ‘Well, hello; Yuriy Ivanovich. I heard of you. Well, if you're finished with him, I'1l take him along with me and show him around.’ He took me and talked to me for a while and then told me to report... Either the 12th or the 17th. I don't remember. , J5 April 1964: NOSENKO again described the KGB question- naire and autobiographic forms he had filled out at home and recalled that he had also signed a secrecy agreement in the personnel office. He also remembered that he had made several additional phone calls to the KGS personnel office and described his second visit there to talk ty ROZHENKO: "At the end of February I was told again to stcp in the Pass Office and pick up a pass and go to the same floor, but another room. They told me I would have to talk to ROZHENKO today. He was a Cnief of Section, of the Personnel Section. So we had a talk. It was the same thing again: He said: ‘Tell me about yourself,’ Sut he just wanted to look me over. -And after that they said: ‘All right, we_have not gotten all your documents yet from your fmilitary/ district. So wait.'" 26 April 1965: NOSENKO recounted his conversation with KOBULOV, saying that it took piace at KOBULOV's dacna in Usov, where he and his parents were visiting in January 1953, NOSENKO continued: "I was called at my family's dacha in February. They said it was State Security calling and that I was to report. I did this on the next day. Probably ! then reported. . to House No. 12. As officer talked to me about my’ education, service, and so on. Biographic questions. Then he gave me a blank for my autobiography and a four to six-page anketa (bio- graphic form). I filled these cut at home. The next day I called in and was told to come to the Eighth Entry. The officer came down, and 1 gave him the forms and photographs of myself. They said they would call me. i did nothing from January to March. January was leave. In February and March I was at GRU Personnel's disposal." After STALIN's funeral NCSENKO was summoned to KOBULOV's office. His assistant, SAVITSKIY, told NOSENKO to wait. After more than an hour had passed, SAVITSKIY sent him to SHUBNYAKOV's office. ‘There he learned that he would be assigned to the U.S. Embassy Section and was introduced to the Chief of the American Department, GORBATENKO. The official order appointing NOSENKO was issued the same day, the 13th or ASth of March 1953, 24 April 1966 (signed autobiographical statement: Again NOSENKO said that he had spoken with KOBULOV at the KOBULOV dacha and set the date at 1 January 1953. The document con- tinued as follows: "I saw KOBULOV for the second and last time on the day of STALIN's funeral.in my father's office in the Ministry of Shipbuilding in March 1953. “I had come from the sanitorium to Moscow and dropped in to see my father at work... ' Tm his office I ran into KOBULOV as they were gathering to go te the Dom Soyuzov for the funeral. KOBULOV said he would concern himself with the question of my entry inte the KGB. “She same day I returned to the sanitorium, and several days ‘later, having completed my treatment,. I returned to Moscow. In the middle of March, KOBULOV's assistant, Colonel SAVITSKIY, . + eee ee pee enaneme sewn smeremeperpiompmn® <7 ren 66 Deen eben oe. i 3 values 2 hen ebb idid Cawe ab ii be BSE I ea mere nee ee seniors neat nine Saimpee = t 7 3 i Manele. den States ah fa saved ABR Fated ar Beinn +
called me at heme and told me to come see KOBULOV. KOBULOV . ae 92. didn't see me ard SAVITSKIY directed me to the Deputy Chief of the Second Chief Directorate, Colonel SHUENYAKOV., o-« : SHUBNYAKOV told me that an order had been signed appoirting me a case officer in the First Section of the First Depart- “ment, Second Chief Directorate. SHUBNYAKOV called the Chief of the First Department, Lieutenant Colonel GORRATENZO, and introduced me. . Then I went to the First Department and was introduced to the Deputy Chief of the First Department and the Chief of the First Section, KOZLOV. KOZLOV sdid_I would take over the cases of Senior Case Officer, Captain /Anatoliy/ TORMOZOV and suggested that I. begin work the same day. I was accepted for work in the MVD in precisely this way. It is necessary to note that none of the workers of the MVD Personnel Administration spoke to me, either before or after the signing of the order assigning me to the Second Chief. Directorate of the MVD." ' SEAT, Yunpteieetion — - 6 a seventies b Wit arbi nde sce or went a EEL Late ate ed aes 4 Sindee Bh meat 5 dt cree wees 2
HO800. oe pea in ae — at BALES ON GMD TOT CaTS TRE 93. Cc. To June 1955 (American Pepartment) i. Introduction ° Depending upofi which date he has given fer entering the KGB, NOSENKO's first assignment in the U.S. Embassy Section of the American Department, working on American correspondents living in Moscow, lasted for about six to eighteen months. From that job, he said, he moved in 1954 to operations against U.S... Mili- tary Attaches assigned to the Moscow Embassy, remaining in the same section until being transferred in June 1955. His activi- ties, as NOSENKO described them, and pertinent collateral infor- mation on his targets while he was in the U.S. Embassy Section are reviewed below. , ; 2. Operations Against Correspondents On the day cf his acceptance into the KGR, NOSENKO was : taken directly to the offices of the U.S. Embassy Section. : There he met the section chief, V.A. KCZLOV, wno told NOSENKO ; that he would take over the work of the departing case officer, _— Captain Anatoliy TORMUZOV, in operations against American cor~ respondents in Moscow. wy wee ce thik teed Data abl ' a. KGB Files on SHAPIRO, GILMORE, SALISBURY and WHITNEY When NOSENKO reported for work the following day, accord- ing to statements made on 8 April 1964, he found a desk in Room '615. “There were three other guys sitting there. At first I : was running traces, and at the same time I was reading. the files i on journalists... I think there were seven files in all, and I 1 didn't see any other." NOSENKO listed these files as those on t- Henry SHAPIRO, Eddy GILMORE (as well as one cn GILMORE's wife SEREBRYAXOVA and her sister CHERNYSHEVA), Harrison SALISBURY i and Thomas WHITNEY. * i | During the 1962 meetings with'CIA, NOSENKO identified SHAPIRO as an “old agent of ours." He said that WHITNEY “worked for.us while he was in Moscow and gave us some material, but he refused to work for us when he left the country and would not contact us in the United States." GILMORE, NOSENKO said, was an active recruitment target in 1953 and 1954, but NOSENKO did not know whether he was recruited. Likewise, he did not know the status of SALISBURY as of 1953. NOSENKO stressed that the files he was given to read during the early period of his KGB service were developmental files . (delo formulyar) rather than the operational files of the agents. | +s... Ghe developmental files were less sensitive, and from them "you would never be able to figure out whether he [the subject of the file] is an agent or not." NOSENKO explained that, once a’ person becomes an agent, another file is set up, and these agent , » ¥“NOSENKO made clear that he was not the case officer responsi- ble for the more important correspondents: "KOZLOV himself was working with them, the chief of the section himself--with . SHAPIRO,. with SHAPIRO's wife. -I also know that KOZLOV was. working with WHITNEY and with [Andrew J.] STEIGER... For : each of these persons there was an operational file which Io +: .. .@i@ not see.” According to. NOSENKO, he was in no way involved 5. ' .with STEIGER and Edmund STEVENS, both of whom were American - @orrespondents “recruited as agents by the KGB. «| : RAR att ata emesis a Phiten Nom BPE DNA EN TG HONS pia T MRR Reale Li ARAN” eerily vafacen pare ae a merma t
14-00000 ay - files were held by the chief of the section, KOZLOV. NOSENKO 2 atated that he read the files on these seven perscns “slowly '|. and made some extracts for myself in my personal log--such things ag notations of their dates of arrival, things I could not remem- ber." He was also given the files.on the agents surrounding these correspondents, their drivers, maids, and ccoks. b. Agents Reporting on Correspondents , ood NOSENKO said he was responsible for haridling the agents who 4. were reporting on SHAPIRO, WHITNEY, SALISBURY and the GILMOREs : [o and met with them regularly to learn whether “anything was new, : who did SHAPIRO meet, what might be interesting in his behavicr, what might be suspicious in his behavior, who he is contacting, etc," He then reported to KOZLOV and would sometimes prepare 4 written report of his conversations with the agents. Asked to describe these meetings, NOSENKO replied: "Let us take the same case of SHAPIRO. TY would meet drivers about three times. a month or evan two times. At the meeting I would ask the driver what was new in SHAPIPC's behavior since our last meeting, whether .SHAPIRO had suspicious contacts with fcreigners, akout his meet- ings with Russians, were they conducted openly or, perhaps, was SHAPIRO walking behind the person he met. And then the man {agent} would begin his report. Of ccurse, if he spots anything suspicious he calls immediately, and I would see nim the next morning. Otherwise, I would tell him at the meeting that I would see him again in about ten days or in two weeks, but if there was something interesting he should call immediately. It was the same with the maid and the cook. Upon returning to the office I would have to report to KOZLOV about my meetings, either orally or in writing. If, for example, [V.M.]‘ KOVSHUK falso of the U.S. Embassy Section) had a meeting with his agents, he too had to report immediately to KOZLOV or as soon as conveni- ent to both. If the meetinys were taking place late in the day and lasted until midnight or later and.there were no written materials submitted at the meeting, I could go heme and then re=- port the next morning." ~ ; 3 3 - 4 a ch Me Attar te 8 tee detbeeee Adome ted Xe mithlactdlanin tne Be vvththgte KOZLOV accompanied NOSENKO to meetings with the various agents surrounding the correspondents. "At first he was teach- ing me. Then he would go in cases when something interesting would begin te develop, even when it hadn't yet begun to develop but when there may have been a hint in a case of some other case officer." , as “ag awe NOSENKO's agent network consisted mainly of domestic and i Clerical personnel in contact with the correspondents and their i families, Asked to describe them, he said on 15 April 1964: a ai "My first agent was a woman agent, a cook, who was working at | book GILMORE's place. She also worked at the Associated Press later. | | Her codename was "AGLODINA’, a funny one. My second agent was ~ f a chauffeur whose codename, I think, was ‘SERGEY'. I think. he , - was driving WHITNEY. Then I also had SHAPIRO'’s chauffeur, a funny little fellow. In other words, charwomen, chauffeurs, © this was my agentura [agent network]." Although NOSENKO was- able to give a breakdown of this network in terms of the number and type of agents targetted against particular individuals, he { Bee forgotten their true names and could not-provide detailed cu» .° ( Personality information on any of them.. He explained: “I don't wn remember now. They all passed by like a river because they were turned over often." NOSENKO did recall that it was he who St . Selected and handled the agent who was placed in SHAPIRO's office .. _ 48 a Secretary; this agent had earlier worked in the offices of © _ Moscow News, an English-language newspaper published in Moscow. ol the ED a apa aw ecteechtte eatetmerettt be men feet EE rte SACP i. a ao we ” ae © , a a ‘ CB an amare - as .
14,00000° ony ere enenientt rn sae ete meet Hse . | Be first identified GILMORE’s cook, "AGLODINA,” as Yelena S. ROSIENKO in the fall of 1965, while reviewing a list of Sov- iets employed by Americans in Moscow. He. told CIA at that time ‘that he had taken over KOSIENKO from TORMOZOV upon entering the U.S. Enbassy Section in 1953, and that she subsequently worked for and reported on GILMORE's successor, Richard KASISCHKE. | NOSENKO said that KOSIENKO "never provided any interesting in- formation.” ; , NOSENKO estimated that he was responsible for handling 10 to 12 agents in operations against the correspondents. This, he said, was a normal load, although more experienced case offi- cers might have as many as 15. In April 1964 NOSENKO broke his agentura down as follows: Target , Agents Eddie GILMORE Two agents, the cook and the driver; one operational contact, a part-time cleaning girl; and a girlfriend of GILMORE's sister-in-law, who reported on the sister-in-law and GILMORE's wife. Thomas WHITNEY - One agent, his driver. Henry SHAPIRO Three agents, SHAPIRO's secretary and his cahuffeur, plus an old woman who was a relative of SHAPIRO's wife and lived with the SHAPIROs in Mos- cow, (The secretary and chauffeur later worked for Kenneth BRODNEY and. reported on him to NOSENKO; BRODNEY temporarily took SHAPIRO's place in Moscow.) Harrison SALISBURY Two agents, SALISBURY's driver, "SER- GEY" and a part-time cleaning girl. NOSENKO classified two other of his agents as "neutral," in that they did not have specific targets on whom to report. The first of these was the director of MOSGRAN, a Russian-language training program for foreigners in Moscow. His cryptonym was *"RAKETA,* but NOSENKO could not recall his true name. The sec- ond, "VOLODINK,” was a female teacher in this same program who instructed some of the correspondents, including BRODNEY, and. Embassy employees in their homes; he could not recall the true name of “VOLODINK.” When NOSENKO was relieved of his responsi- bility for the correspondents in 1954, he turned over all of his ‘agents to other case officers in the U.S. Embassy Section with the exception of “RAKETA“ and "VOLODINK," whom he continued to handle in his work with military attaches. — e vt G. Information from Other Sources - SHAPIRO was identified as a KGB agent. by GOLITSYN in 1961, before the lead was received from NOSENKO, and he had previously “2 been suspected as such on the basis of his long stay in Moscow, i‘: his unusually good access to Soviet information sources, and his marriage to a Soviet national. SHAPIRO was mentioned as a KGB alltel at AMDT at Sank oe stdaddetan Basen nts dob
eae LATER A Bp ane i " agent by a ‘eryptonym. (known to NOSENKO _and confirmed by GOLITEYR @ppearing in the CHEREPANOV Papers. * The KGB defector Nikolay: KHOKLOV- had earlier identified the. Polish-born wife of WHITNEY as a KGB agent, an allegation which. she denied, and it had been ‘long assumed that WHITNEY too had reached some sort of accommodation with the KGB because of this fact and because of the » Leng, curation of his tour as a correspond- ent in Moscow. GILMORE also had been suspected by CIA before NOSENKO's in- formation was received. He served in Moscow for 12 years, from 1941 to 1953, and as married to a Soviet national. SALISBURY served two short tours, of about one year each, ‘ in Moscow during the 1950's. During the second of these, he i became enamored with the Pole who was to become WHITNEY's wife . \ (see above) and was during this period a subject of criticism Ly other American correspondents in Moscow for his pro-Soviet arti- } cles, When WHITNEY married the Pole shortly after STALIN's i death, SALISBURY returned to the United States and his articles : took on an anti-Soviet tone. NOSENKO claimed no involvement with the other two American correspondents whom he identified as KGB agents, STEVENS and STEIGER, both the subjects of a considerable amount of derogatory information in CIA files. They are discussed in Part VI.D.2. i under the heading of NOSENKO's American ieads. j 3. Operations Against Military Attache Personnel Some time in the first half of 1954 NOSENKO was. relieved of his responsibilities for the correspondent cases, and from then until his transfer from the American Department he handled KGB Second Chief Directorate operations against the officer person- nel of the U.S. Military Attache's office. NOSENKO's account of the turnover of the correspondent files to his successor and of the acceptance of the attache files is presented below. oe - & April 1964: “I took over the Military Attache cases from Nikolay KHRENOV... When I was leaving in 1955, I turned the attache files over to Valeriy BUDYLDIN." - 10 April 1964: "I made a mistake... I said I accepted the cases from KHRENOV when I was taking on the Militery Attache work. This ig not right. KHRENOV was not working in the First (u.S. Embassy) Section; he was working in the First (American) Department. I took over the cases from--let's see, ‘there was ZHUKOV and Vladimir Aleksandrovich CHURANOV, and here was my table. (desk), and I accepted the cases from Pavel Fedorovich ' “PANKRATOV. This was in the beginning of 1954." ; _ = 15 April 1964: NOSENKO said that he thought he turned ever the correspondent files to.F.V. KISLITSYN (who returned... to the USSR from Australia in’May 1954). NOSENKO asked when: | the PETROV's defected in Australia; he explained that he was OR teens ta: * See Part V.D.7.c. for a detailed discussion of the CHEREPANOV wih vest winced a ide ici ca hace dee, Sista dane. Sui.
97. not sure about KISLITSYN and could have given them to another officer. "If KISLITSYN came {back from Australia] in 1953, then it was to KISLITSYN. Otherwise, it was someone else." sm , - 18 June 1964: “KISLITSYN came into the First Section in 1954 and I gave him the files on American correspondents. BUDYL- DIN also joined the section this year and took the files on the Attache and his assistants from PANKRATOV. BUDYLDIN left later that year and turned those files over to me... Yuriy LEONTIYEV joined the section in 1955, and I gave him the files on the Army Attache and his assistants." NOSENKO has also been indefinite as to the date he. assumed responsibilities for the attaches. As noted above, he said on 10 April 1964 that he received the files in the beginning of 1954. He had earlier said that he worked on the correspondents "only about six months." If the date of March 1953, which he a most often gave for his entry ‘nto the KGB, is correct this would place the turnover in the fall of 1953. On other occasions he has said specifically that he turned over the correspondent cases and began work against the attaches in January 19354, on still others that this occurred in May 1954. In February 1965, NOSENKO said that he could not remember when he changed assignments. g “tee remanence a Heth teneO en A 4 a i 3 eg a fhe We a tea as lB seo whee 4
“ $8. a. Agents Reporting on Military Attaches “ Asked in April 1964 to describe the agent network {agentura) at his disposal in operations against U.S. Mili- tary Attaches during this period which began in 1954, NO~ — SENKO replied: “There were two maids, a cook, drivers*... . about ten persons, plus the agent 'SERVIZNIY' and the one a with the code name 'DMITRIYEV'... These additional two agents, about 12 or 13 agents altogether.“ With one ex~ ception, this network remained constant until NOSENKO trans= ferred from the U.S. Embassy Section in mid-1955, He met each agent about once a week, except for the chauffeurs who were met three times a month in a safehouse or on the street. According to NOSENKO, this network was “just a supporting agentura, which very seldom was worthwhile," the i main source of information on the Military Attaches being the ° microphones in their cffices.** . te bis et a + cement: vteitiwerteen spi wna Ce 3 pie Wemee ie gre freee Niet Newly added to the network while NOSLNKO held this position was a maid inserted to report on Army Attache Earl L. MICKELSON and his successor, Fillmore K. MEARNS. Her ; name, .NOSENKO thought, was NOVIKOVA. She was an English~- a speaking university graduate but "hid her knowledge of : Ri English in order to overhear conversations or read letters . : : without taking them outside.” : : Besides NOVIKOVA, NOSENKO named one other maid who was ; i his agent, Mariya NEVEROVA, code nane "SHVEDOVA," and she , was targetted against the Assistant Army Attache, Ira RICHARDS. He described NEVEROVA as a “little, old,’ thin’ a oman," from whom he never obtained anything of interest. ty i They met in a safehouse on Kuznetskiy Most. 4 @ £4 { Of the KGB agents among the chauffeurs, NOSENKO identi- - 4 fied Nikolay SHNYRYEV, who was used by various of the at- 4 { _taches. “He reported where they went, what they said, whether they took notes or photographs, whether they had unusual packages with them, and so on.” When viewing photographs in September 1964, NOSENKO i . ddentified Vladislav VOROBYEV as the agent "SERVIZNIY." He had been working in the Embassy since its establishment, starting first as a messenger boy and, in NOSENKO's time, performing clerical tasks. VOROBYEV had no direct connec~ tion with the Military Attaches, and NOSENKO said he himself did not know why he had been given VOROBYEV to handle in 1954. The main function of this agent was delivering to NOSENKO copies of the unclassified telephone listings of the Embassy, issued monthly. 2 meee apmtene enetteetes + *DMITRIYEV's" true name may have been Dmitriy KUKOLEV: NOSENKO saw this name on a 1962 phone list and thought, but was not sure, that this was his agent. . An electrician who a . + worked on the Embassy's electrical wiring systems and eleva- Ss tor, “DMITRIYEV" reported to NOSENKO on antenna wires and Ste jaan» apnea tetera stn estates vena > aatee ., She Military Attaches used a pool of. five drivers at random, . . NOSENKO ‘said. Apart from the permanent driver for the senior 7 attache, none were targetted. against individual members of the attache office. © 0 Ls : ; &* See Part V.E.3.g. on electronic operations against the U.S. Embassy. a ; . ; -. a
pein me nen NGOS, a anteemresteien eninh entomeem tesnmmentny anemia wane ae motets ae ae ag te ee ha. t on ‘ ” oRoy poss my ane . ' = . : > : i . _ for this group. other wires he had observed in the. Embassy as well as on the -gecurity measures on the top floors. Like VOROBYEV, “DMITRI- YEV" had no direct connection with the Military.Attaches. . ; ye In September 1964 NOSENKO was shown a series of 260 bio- graphic cards on Soviet citizens employed by the American En- bassy in Moscow. Each card contained a photograph of the per-. son involved and short biographic notes, including his name — and job in. the Embassy. The first time. he went through these: . ecards, NOSENKO was permitted to see only. the photographs; NO-~ .” SENKO did not identify the photographs of SHNYRYEV and KUKOLEV but said that the face of VOROBYEV was familiar, adding that he thought his name was VOROBYEV, When shown the biographic information on SHNYRYEV and KUKOLEYV, he identified each of then as his agents during the 1954-1955 period in the American De~ partment and equated them to the cryptonyms given previously. In the case of SHNYRYEV, when shown the bicgraphic information, which listed SHNYRYEV as "chauffeur for the Military Attache," NOSENKO exclaimed: "Oh ay God, this is my own agent." He latcr said it was a good photograph of SHNYRYEY. b. NOSENKO's Targets - As the Second Chief Directorate case officer responsible -for operations against American Military (Aray) Attaches sta~ tioned in Moscow,* his main task was not to recruit them but rather was to prevent the attaches from collecting intelligence. He has used this statement abouc his main task (identical with that of other U.S. Embassy Section officers working against the Army and Navy Attaches) to support his claim that no U.5. Armed Forces Attaches vere recruited by the KGB from 1953 un- til his defection in 1964. He has also said that this is one reason he knows relatively little about the personal back= grounds of his various targets during this period--the enpha- sis was on surveillance instead of development for recruitment— purposes. Asked in February 1965 to list the Army Attache per= sonnel for whom he was directly responsible during 1954 and 1955, NOSENKO gave the following names: "MICKELSON, MEARNS, RICHARDS, FELCHLIN, BENSON, MULE, STROUD, and CARDELLA."** His knowledge. of the activities of these targets and of KGB action against them, coupled with information from other sources, is discussed in the following paragraphs. “laval Attaches were handled by ZHUKOV during this period, NO- SENKO said, while Air Attaches were initially handled by CHURA- NOV. When CHURANOV left the section in early 1954, he turned over the Air Attache files to PANKRATOV, who turned them over later in the year to KHRENOV. **This is the order given by NOSENKO. The list comprises two generations of Army Attaches in Moscow and is neither in al- phabetical order nor in terms of date of service in Moscow. It is, however, in descending order of rank from Colonel MICKEL]= SON through Captain MULE ‘to‘Chief Warrant Officer CARDELLA. — Questioned about these officers in a different context, NOSENKO indicated knowledge of their ranks. Not mentioned by NOSENKO was George VAN LAETHEM, Assistant Army Attache in Moscow from August 1951 to August 1953 (prior to the time when NOSENKO said - he was responsible for work against the military attache office). WAN LAETHEM returned to Moscow in 1955, however, and was ate= tached to the Army Attache staff again from 19 March to 19 May 1955, during which time NOSENKO claimed he was Se a eee a ce still responsible —. 3 a aii % 4 ih ee jnitlfeatbwrersifeeiroas 4 OaeE ee aan E abs Moe ob ae eta
oe ee Oe 90000 - seqrieettnose 100 . Fags eR Gi seen nen ee pes ete SATS OTA HO et te Bat Tl A Es eS SARIN MIRE CONEY URES ge OA Ne Myc gig (4) MICKELSON NOSENKO has identified Earl L. MICKELSON as a colonel and the Military Attache in Moscow during 1954 and 1955. PANKRATOY was the case officer originally handling NICKEL- SON, and the case was turned over to NOSENKO in 1954. When asked about agents who might have been working against MICKELSON, NOSENKO said that there was one cook, a KGB operational contact whose name he did not recall, and HICKELSON's maid, whose name NOSENKO believed was NOVIKOVA; the cook and NOVIKOVYA went to work for MICKELSON after NO~ SENKO had left the U.S. Embassy Section, ‘In addition to these two, the only other source reporting on MICKELSON was his chauffeur, whose name. NOSENKO also did not remember. NOSENKO suid that the KGB learned nothing interesting about ~ : MICKELSON from concealed microphones, telephone taps, or i surveillance, and that no operational approach or recruit- ment was attempted. There was, in fact, no interesting or ; derogatory information on MICKELSON from any source. ‘ : j , ; ra 1 tne Seed ehh d varie des denial a ot According to information in CIA files, MICKELSGN was involved in at least two incidents inside the Soviet Union which NOSENKO has not reported. In May 1954 he was arrested in Tbilisi on the (false) charge of having photographed 4& bridge, but he persuaded the Militia not to press charges. In August 1954 MICKIISON was arrested again for illegal photographs south of KHARKOV; on this occasion he was held for two hours before being released. . : (ii) MEARNS ! NOSENKO identified Fillmore K.. MEARNS as MICKELSON's wt I replacement and said that he wes the responsible case of- a | ficer. There were two agents and one operational contact working against 'NEARNS, Of these, NOSENKO could recall the name only of NOVIKOVA, the same maid who reported earlier on i MICKELSON. Besides being told to attempt to overhear NMICKEL- SON's conversations NOVIKOVA was instructed to search his clothing and tu copy any notes she might find, but she never overheard or found anything of interest to the KGB, NOSENKO recalled that MEARNS' personal effects were searched by the KGB while they were being shipped to Moscow from the United States, and that all his service records had been discovered and photographed.* NOSENKO described MEARNS as being more "active" in Moscow than MICKELSON had been and : said that information from concealed microphones showed ° a tani sb Milne es Vb abet ne haalbbenean alien thee ee him to have a strong character. Nothing of interest con- cerning him was received from these microphones or from tele- phone taps. . oe ee nn: ae CIA has no derogatory or otherwise significant informa- an tion on MEARNS, who replaced MICKELSON. (iii) RICHARDS . NOSENKO identified Ira B. RICHARDS as a lieutenant colonel who served as the Assistant drmy Attache in Moscow. NOSENKO’ said that he was the case officer working against 4 - SNOSENKO has told this same story about MICKELSON. ‘ cee. tomer aati tk ae tne shy megs dee ot A Se Be oh pee en ec tecesmn anne ob HERE
‘00006 + Ladin Eb 101. RICHARDS. The one agent reporting on RICHARDS whom NOSENKO could name was the maid Mariya NEVEROVA, KGB cryptonym "SHVEDOVA," but she had never provided any worthwhile in- formation about RICHARDS. In addition, seme Soviet drivers reperted on RICHARDS, but nothing useful was obtained from \ then. | ' | ! According to CIA records, RICHARDS served in Moscow from July 1954 to July 1956. There was a microphone in the office which he shared first with MICKELSON and later with MEARNS. RICHARDS confirmed that Mariya NEVEROVA was his maid and described her as a "mousy" woman who had a heart attack during the period she was employed by him. (This incident was not recalled by NOSENKO.) For about four months of his Moscow tour, RICHARDS took Russian-language lessons from Ludmila GROMAKOVA in his apartment. During these lessons, %ICHARDS often discussed labor concitions and. ; wages in the United States and, on one occasion, had her : record her speech on his tape recorder. GROMAKOVA was preg~ nant and unmarried at the time. (NOSENKO has named GROMAKOVA as a KGB agent in another context but has not mentioned her ' contacts with RICHARDS.)* RICHARDS identified one "Volodya" ; {(i.e., First nane Vladimir) as his principal driver. About i ‘ 62 years old in 1954, Volodya was the son of a rich jeweler : in Moscow during the Revolution. Volodya himself was well educated and, on one occasion while picnicking outside Mos- cow, he spoke intelligently with RICHARDS about the Revolu- tion, propaganda, and news media. (NOGSENKO did not know of Volodya.) Purther details from RICHARDS are given in the following, section on FELCHLIN. Pe Atene aie katdiacanernathe cite eR elt + 4 (iv} FELCHLIN ae ke ee NOSENKO identified Howard L. FELCHLIN as a lieutenant colonel who served as Assistant Army Attache in Moscow and stated that he was FELCHLIN's case officer. FELCHLIN was in the Soviet Union during 1954 and part of 1955, until being declared persona non grata. NOSENKO did not recall the name: of any agents specifically targetted against FELCHLIN, although he thought FELCHLIN must have had a maid and sne would have been a KGB agent. Additionally, NOSENKO said, the Assistant Military Attaches shared a pool of cars and drivers, and these were his agents. Unable to recall the precise date of FELCHLIN's expulsion, NOSENKO related it to } some event regarding Soviets stationed in the United States for which the Soviet Government decided to reply in kind. HOSENKO was imprecise as to the pretext used to expel FELCH- ; | ‘seems seprenetaeranomonta spear tree eC OnnE MESS SOP LIN, but said the action was based on information which had : been accumulated from a number of sources and incidents. : For example, FELCHLIN had been caught taking some photographs and a report had been written; along with other similar indications of FELCHLIN's activities and reports of agents in contact with FELCHLIN, the report was filed away for pos~ sible future use. NOSENKO was questioned further on FPELCH- LIN during the February 1965 interrogations. He said then that FELCHLIN alone had been declared persona non grata, and that no other attaches had been involved. NOSENKO : i i 1 a 1 j i 4 ok 3 ; ‘] i % Gee Part V.E£.3.d., which discusses coverage of John ABIDIAN, to whom she also taught Russian. bt a Sn aT gb UR rae ee SET eR e+ wats tet Tab