Ee 1071 ‘“ ' NW 55080 Docld: 32969537 Page i - |
HEKLAR ESPIONAGE - RUSSIA Heklar is code name for a Soviet illegal agent using the identity of Helmuth Felix Klawuhn. Through the Socap Program (screening of new Social Security applicants in Baltimore) the Social Security application of Klawuhn dated May 2, 1960, was located, He gave his birth date as January 29, 1925, in Detroit, Michigan, and residence as 315 West 94th Street, New York City. A preliminary check verified Klawuhn's birth in Detroit to German alien parents .and there were no traces of this family after 1933 which suggested they had returned to Germany. It was determined that Klawuhn was born a cripple with a hip disease and would probably have the appearance as walking like a "duck" all his life. State Department records revealed the Klawuhn brothers were taken to Germany by their mother in May,:1932. Specimens of the handwriting of Helmuth and Horst Klawuhn appearing in State Department files were compared with subject's handwriting by the FBI Laboratory and found not to be identical. It was determined subject's first known presence in New York was July 8, 1959, when he rented a room on the West side of New York. He was employed as a salesman by Service Guidance Corporation and was observed not to walk like a cripple. Information developed through an anonymous source revealed that the subject was in the possession of a Hallicrafter short-wave radio receiver with ear- phones and a long coil antenna concealed in a foot locker. He also had a black portable typewriter, various types of pills, pads of writing paper and several books on grammar. Ov Classified by ao qoe\ _ Exempt from GDS, Category, Ax Date of Declassification Indefinite" - = yoy SEE NW sooblch bbeyris Tenge fe ]/ Si
FBI Laboratory determined one of the pills was a "phony" and closely resembled other tablets which have been used aS developers for secret ink messages in Soviet espionage operations. It was concluded that the subject was an impostor and based on the information developed through the anonymous source and the knowledge gained in the Karot case, it was believed reasonable to conclude that the subject was a Soviet illegal. Karot was a Soviet illegal interviewed in March, 1959, who cooperated with us aS a double agent. Subject was interviewed from October 18, 1960, through October 31, 1960, under secure conditions and was permitted to return to his residence in New York City on October 31, 1960. Subject furnished information as to his true status as a Soviet illegal and furnished complete details regarding his selection, training and dispatch to the U. S&S. and agreed to cooperate fully to the extent of disclosing all available information concerning his knowledge of Soviet espionage activities. In January, 1961, subject disappeared after being in contact with Special Agents of the FBI since October 31, 1960. SECRET -27 NW 55080 Docld: 32989537 Page 3
, ee r ve . ’ - ‘ : tbs meee eee me re Te geen mene tein fe cement meee tieaenmarnerennernateamnemeenmeeetnicmuntintnanttenaemtat taeciominnnes sa nat gestae att . ae. «OPTIONAL FORM NO. 10 - SECRET ‘ ae . . 5 . . a UNITED STATES GOVi. ..MENT ar, Memorandum > TO : De. J. parsons{ DATE: October 11, 196! iC rrom :; Ae He BELMONG) SUBJECT:~ HEELAR ~~’ . a ESPICNAGE - R ° , Above caption is the code name for this case which an individual using the name of Helmuth Felix Klawuhn who, we are | reasonably certain, iS a Soviet illegal agent. This memorandum is to consider our future course of action. . drivin of C Through our Socap Program (screening of new social security applications in Baltimore) the social security application of Klawuhn dated 5/2/60 was located. He gave his birth as 1/29/25, Detroit, Michigan, and his residence as 315 West 94th Street, NYC. His hand- | writing contained foreign characteristics. A preliminary check verified Klawuhn's birth in Detroit to German alien parents. There was no trace of this family after 1933, suggesting the possibility they had returned to their native Germany. | information Developed on the True Helmuth Felix Klawibn The Detroit Office determined that Klawuhn was born a cripple with a hip disease and would probably have the deformity ! of walking "like a duck" all his life. He had a younger brother, Horst Albert, born 5/23/30, Detroit. e State Department records reveal that the Klawuhn brothers were taken to Germany by their mother in May, 1932. Their father / followed them the following year. In March, 1947, the American / Military Government in Berlin received a letter in the German language from a Helmuth Kiawuhn residing at Parchim, Mecklenburg/ Germany, advising of the birth of himself and his brother, Horst, in Detroit in 1925 and 1930, respectively, and their trip to Germany in 1932. The writer wanted to know whether he and his brother were Still considered as U. S. citizens and whether they would be permitted to immigrate to the U. 5. The letter was referred to the American Consulate. General who advised.that. his. request should he. pxésentei.. . eee sre rotate Departmen* recerds also rovral that in 1951-Horst Klawuhn filed application for registration as an Amesican citizen before the American Vice-Consul in Berlin indicating his intention | to return to the U. S. for permanent wert soon as his Doe Classified by_ 3G L- FRET Exempt from GDS, Category_2. *3 | HW 55080 Docld:32989537 Page 4 Date of Deciassification indefinite
i 3 a Y “Gs , og L 3% => * , vee meme ee ame te Pe gp ee ne nn g one eee — ! v woe + ¢ — e : " SORT Memorandum Belmont to Parsons Re: R 65-66132 ; » citizenship was established. His application listed his brother, Helmuth, as then residing in Germany. State Department records fail to reveal that Helmuth or Horst ever took subsequent steps to validate their claim to U. 3. citizenship or repatriate themselves to the U. S. Specimens of the handwriting of Helmuth and Horst Klawuhn appearing in State Department files have been compared with subject's | raeeieed = by the FBI Laboratory. Subject's handwriting is not identical with these specimens. Inf ion Developed he Subi The New York Office (NYO) determined that subject's first known presence in New York was 7/8/59 when he rented a room on New York's west side. He has been at his present address since 7/8/60. He is employed as a salesman by Service Guidance Corp., jobbers of household services. He does not walk like a cripple. Information developed through an anonymous source reveals that subject is in possession of a Hallicrafter short-wave radio receiver with earphones and a long coil antenna concealed in a locked foot locker. He also has a black portable typewriter, various types of pills, pads of writing paper, several books on grammar. The FBI Laboratory determined that one of the pills made to resemble "Creamalin" tablet, a common antacid preparation sold in drugstores, is a "phony" and closely resembles other tablets which have been used as developers for secret ink messages in Soviet espionage operations. At the present time NYO is maintaining most discreet coverage of subject through an observation post, spot check surveillances and mail coverage. His only activity, other than his employment, is dating an Irish immigrant waitress, Rose McKinley, who appears to have been a "pickup." She spends many nights and weekends with him. Analysis _.... it is believed we can safely conclude that from the.infor=... ._. _—_.. imation known. .concerning.the-Klawuhn-family,-subject-is an impostor.— ---~~- Further, from information developed through the anonymous source and from our knowledge gained in the Karot case, it is believed reasonabie to conclude that subject is in the U. S. as a Soviet illegal agent. Karot is the Soviet illegal a i i i . eg gent we broke in Wiscons i and who is now cooperating with us as a double agent. tn March, 1959, . c WW 55080 Docld:32989537 Page 5 -~2-+ |
. , . Memorandiwn Belmont to Parsons Re: HEELAR . 65-66152 Course of Acti We have carefully analyzed all aspects of this case and considered various possible courses of action. As can be seen, we do not have sufficient legal evidence for a prosecutive case. Whether admissible legai evidence can be developed in the future ’ in light of the clandestine nature of Soviet illegal operations appears unlikely. From what we have learned in the Karet case, we consider. it extremely dowbtful that surveillances and other investi- gative techniques would produce anything of vaiue. even if continued for an.extended period of time. There is aiways the possibility that an extended investigation would alert the subject and he would disappear, and we will have gained nothing. We, therefore, feel that the best course of action is a most thorough interview, similar to that conducted in March, 1959, in Wisconsin during which we developed the Karot subject as a double agent. It is recognized that subiect mav be difficnit to hreak since he has been in the J. S. at least 14 months and probably longer. Karot was in the U. S. for about two months when we approached him. . Despite the uncertainty as to success, we believe the ultimate . possible gain is worth the attempt. 1¥9 we are unsticcessful, we will have at least neutralized him. . We also feel that if we are to interview the subject, it should be done very soon. If delayed, his relations with the Irish ., Waitress may develop to the point that would cause us additional problems in our efforts to handle our approach to him in a most.:- discreet and unobtrusive manner. Lo EE NYO has advised tlat it has a suitable location for use in a most thorough interview of subject. ACTION: If you approve,. we will plan to make our approach to the subject during the week of October 17, 1960. Also, if yowW “pprove, Inspector D. £. Moore will go to New York and with New York Agents conduct the interview of the subject. ; . NW 55080 - Docld: 32989537 Page 6
fake @ SRE AN , A ' FBI Date: 11/3/60 . t ' t t b 3 t t 1 . (ype in plain text or code} a Transmit the following in Or a ee ee) TO : DIRECTOR, FBI (65-66132) J), ~ ss FROM : SAC, NEW YORK (65-18217) oy SUBJECT: HEKLAR ESP. - RB . (00:NY) ° The subject was interviewed from 10/18/60 through 10/31/60, by Inspector DONALD E, MOORE, SAS JAMES E, FREANEY, LAWRENCE MC WILLIAMS, JOHN J, O'TOOL2, and JAMES P, KEHOE. During this period the subject was also interviewed on occasions by SAS RICHARD F, MC CARTHY and DONALD F. WISEMAN, LEGEND ORIGINALLY RELATED BY SUBJECT The ‘subject stated that he was HELMUTH FELIX KLAWUHN and that he-was born 1/29/25, at Detroit, Michigan. Hé-stated his parents were ALBERT and CLARA nee SONNENBERG. He-stated both parents were born in Germany and that they originally met in Germany. He did not know the exact location of his father's birth, but believed that his mother was born in Bavaria. His father came to the US first and was followed later by his mother. The exact dates of their departure from Germany or arrival into the US were not recalled. He stated, - however, that when his mother left Germany, she was already ~ ry -5.« Bureau (65-66132) (RM aE0- 34 : sn }1 -.Yashington Field A955 103) (RM) ely, | 4 -.New York (65-1827 . . Classified by BO 7@ DEM: 4 LNG Exempt from GDS, Category 23 e JJO: JPK: “ ag : Date of Declassificationiadéfinite 3 scar _: bone barren re ne ne tre er ee comes temenneta en teen TE on ne eernenrnanameenen ene tatenerennpeennentneenerranncrnrenee ls nn oe ~e . v % Approved: Sent M Per Special Agent in Chatée ‘SECRET HW S5080 Doold: 32989537 Page 7 Se ee
, ra NW 350680 Doold: 32989537 Page 6 : . a from Aim. - “ ae a Dp pn er DTD pee rnee tie med a eo teetering EE haw Se cee nett eee renee SECRET NY 65-18217 pregnant, and on her arrival in the US his parents were married here. He had no brothers or sisters. While in the ee US his father was employed as a cabinet maker, salesman “ and clerk. They resided in Detroit, Michigan, at an unrecalled address and returned to Germany together at an unrecalled Gate, but he believed that at this time he was about two or three years of age. After returning to Germany at some unknown time his parents separated for personal reasons. His father then returned to the US but he did not know how or when. He remained in Germany with his mother. ; At this time his mother was a singer and musician and utilized these occupations as a means of support:-for both herself and him. At this time they travelled quite a bit all over Germany and they also travelled in France and Belgium. He stated that he definitely remembered being in France because he noticed that they spoke a different language when they crossed the border He also recailed staying in a hotel in Paris and remembered living in Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich, Germany, in thatcrder, He could not recall the dates or residences in any of the above-mentioned places. He stated that he remembered going to school in Munich, Germany, and at this time he was in the fifth or sixth grades, and this was the first time that he actually remembered experiencing anti-Semitism in Germany. He remembered that Aryan appearing beys i.e. blond.haired, sat up in the front of the classroom and they were allowed to "join the "junior brownshirts” He stated that at this time he never participated in this type of activity due to his Semitic _ background. He could not recall the name or the location of this school which he attended in Munich, but he remembered that it was about four to five blocks away from two night clubs where his mother entertained. He stated that at this time of his life his mother did not. accompany him to school as was normal in the parent-child relationship because she. was Semitic looking. Instead of his mother’ she would have various friends of hers accompany him to school to remove any possible stigma cs wee nee ee ee ee ee ee 8 AY node ea ee ere eee eT ee a sc eer CS ea es > se Se ee ee red : a ae ~2- SECRET e
- : ToT a - ve - ee ee te Th amma take ae Stee He tn cen die sneha ud oa wae NY 65-18217 | ' With regard to his mother's occupation he stated that she was mainly a singer, but she was also a musician. | When he got older he used to accompany her on the piano when she was appearing in night clubs. At this time, she used her maiden name for professional reasons. The subject later changed this statement to the fact that she used a "nickname" like" VON SONNENBERG", but stated that she always used CLARA as her first name. ~~ He advised that he had no formal education and he only went as high as the sixth grade and never remained for any length of. time at any one school due to his mother's travelling. He stated that the school in Munich which he attended for about two years was the longest time that he was ever at one school. He advised that he had no schooling whatsoever in English and that he has learned English since he arrived in the US. While in Germany, he never belonged to the Nazi Party and constantly stated that he could recall very easily how hard and difficult everything was in life for him. He advised that he remembered his mother and Jewish friends speaking in Yiddish in hushed tones in a manner so that he could not overhear the terrible things that were happening to the Jewish people at this time. He advised that he understood Yiddish from being brought up in this atmosphere but was not fluent in it. Sometime prior to the beginning of World War II or in 1940, he and his mother left Germany and fled to Switzerland. They travelled to Switzerland by train but he did ' not recall anything concerning dates or places connected with this travel. He stated that he did recall, however, that they proceeded directly from Munich, Germany to Basel, Switzerland, and later, from Bas@l to Zurich, Switzerland. After he left Germany he never heard from his school friends again, but his mother heard from her friends. He recalied staying in a small hotel in Zurich named Engemathof, He also recalled going to a private music school in Zurich, Until they left Zurich to come to the Ur. . @ Nw 35060 Docld: 32999537 Page &
NY 65-18217 - both ke and kis mother moved around quite a bit in Switzerland. He advised that during his period of residence in Switzerland, he never served in the Swiss Army. eT x Prior to leaving Switzerland, his mother heard from his father who was again in the US, in Datreit>"*s _ Michigan; that he had reaarriled and had a new wife who was -. fifteen to twenty years younger. than..he.....The-subject stated i that: he. could’ not ‘recali définitely, but-presumed ‘that ‘he and s his mother..were: travelling on;an American passport -from:: ". . Germany :to ‘Switzerland. “~ Te gt A ER - 4 4.3. (His-mother applied at. the US Embassy in Zurich “(jater said Geneva). for papers to come to the US. He was a : ‘US ‘eitizen by birth and while he accompanied his mother, ~ ule his mother did.ail. the explaining necessary at the Embassy™ -* $9 get papers as he could not speak English and nobody at the Embassy could speak German. His mother ‘brought his birth certificate and otherrapers to the Embassy and she was the one. handling these documents. She obtained from the US Embassy "documents which allowed them to come to the US. He did not say passport, and wnen asked how he could come to the US without . @ passport he advised that if you needed a passport to enter the US, then he did not understand how he got in, but his mother ~ arranged to get "papers" at the US Embassy and he did not recall anything concerning this matter. He was unable to describe these papers in any respect stating that his mother handled all of this. He stated that even though he was certainly at an advanced age in life at this time, he aid not handle his own papers when coming into the US because of his lack of ‘knowledge of the Engiish language. nN n, = With regard to the date that he came to the US, he “ gdvised at various times that this date was 1944 through 1947, - and at no time could he be specific regarding this date. He believed that it was after World War II.ceased in Europe. He advised that they travelled from Switzerland to a port in France py train. He could not recall the name of pen groan en meemeeesnen cote aw tee Sten te semarremrntamasres Fim tmaaae g mre rim amen Tene menmesie TT Oe te Wee dene nent eer Ta bd . : ne ae a nasemew tinene wren aoe BOL ase ome _— ry aaa aperieees erie am oe ares Pocid: 323989537
- ¢€ NW 35080 Doold: 32989537 Page ii NY 65-18217 the port.in France from which they departed... They then travelled by ship from this unrecalled port in France -to NYC. He stated that he could not recall the name of the ship, but believed it was an American ship because the crew spoke English. ; He stated he recalled nothing of showing his papers when he entered the US and could not recall exactly how he entered, the US in regard to debarking front the ship, but did recall that when they first arrived in NYC he and _ his mother stayed in Manhattan for several months if, 4 niidtown hotel. They then moved to Brooklyn where his mother lived under her maiden name. . At this:time-HYs: mother- worked’ as a beautician and he occasionally faaere4 the plano. He remembered practicing the piano with Gne ROBERTO (LNU) for several months and recalled that ROBERTO Was @ good singer, as.well agia planist.:.-*. When his mother came to the US she then became very sorry regarding this move since she could not get together with his father who was now married to a younger woman. She found this out while living in Brooklyn. The subject could not reconcile this statement with the previous statement that his mother knew his father had remarried prior to coming into the US. When they moved to Brooklyn, he recalled that they wereliving with a Jewish woman who resided four or five blocks from Prospect Park. They remained here about two to three months while living in Brooklyn. His mother also worked in a luncheonette as a "saleswoman". They remained all together for about six or seven months while residing in Brooklyn. They departed from Brooklyn about 1947. While living in Brooklyn, he recalled that the Jewish woman wanted him to marry her fat niece who was 200 ibs. and wore red shoes. He thought this girl was older than him, °- 0. 7. 7= -——----~-but could have possibiy~beenabout the safie age. He refused - -5- SET tt
NY 65-18217 At this point, the subject experienced great difficulty in remembering any additional factors and he decided to start with the present time and work backwards in an attempt to resolve his actions for the ensuing period. He stated that he is presently employed for Service Guidance as a salesman. He described this organization as one which sells a ‘service to people, like splimbers, whereby they *(Séxvice Guidance). fecomménd: thém at d°rate of $2500 ‘per post&l zone. He stated that a person wishing to join this service could as many postal zones as were yet untaken in the specific trade, Ie. plumbers,. , He stated that he worked for this company for only a couple of months and that his immediate employers name was a Mr. (FNU) LEVY and that the address of this organization was 66 Court St.; Brooklyn. He also worked for a Charles Chester Shoe Company. | ‘He described the address of this organization as also on Court St. in Brooklyn. He stated that he sold shoes for this company and worked for them for about five or six months. He advised that another employer was one MIKE MUNVES and that this employment involved selling a machine that sold or dispensei four types of drinks. The location of this employment was near Tenth Ave. and 4end St., the exact address unrecalled and he advised that he did not work here too long. . . He advised that another simultaneous employment was Professional Detail Service, 107-27 Hillside Ave., Forest Hills, Queens. He stated that he only sold this service in Manhattan and that the service was one which promoted better relations between druggists and doctors. This service sent gifts and letters from abroad to doctors from the druggists who subscribed to the service. He worked here for a period of about six months. He advised that he also sells Wonder Books..wnrich are ___...__ childrens "books..." ~t*"He was employed tm this- capacity fo> —.—about-one year. He stated that this organization was located in the Bronx at an address unrecalled but that’ it later moved to another location in the Bronx, and that the way to get there was to take/férone Ave. Express, get off at 176th St., and it is the fourth building down on Jerome Ave. ¥ SO , £ NW 55080 Docid: 32989537 Page i5
———SRET NY 65-18217 He stated that he also worked for Stay Put Signs which was located somewhere on either 31st or 32nd St. in ; NYC on the third floor. He could not remember how long he worked for this organization. He advised that he resided at his. present address, 164 West 86th St., about six or seven months, : Before this he also lived on the west side at 94th St. The address was in the 300s, but he could not recall the exact address. He stated that there was a five in the ending of the address: and that it might-hav&- been’ 325 west Olith ‘str: thts was a hotel, and that he lived here four to six months. He’ stated that about 14 hears ago while in NY he got a telegram from a girl in Sharon, Pennsylvania, and received a letter | from this girl and also called her on the phone. He stated that | the sequence of events in relation to this girl was that he | called her on the phone, and stated that he would come down to Pennsylvania and visit her. Just prior to the appointed time. for the visit she sent him a telegram telling him not to come as the town was being flooded. He stated that since he could not come to s her he decided to take a trip and went to Philadelphia /B8i¢imore, then came back to NY and moved to the address at 94th St. While staying in Philadelphia, he lived in a hotel paying about $2.50 a day for room and was here for about one month. Prior to living in Philadelphia, he stayed in a hotel in Baltimore and he could not recall the names of either of these hotels, Prior to taking this trip he lived on the west side | of NYC at an address where he got a telegram and he believed | this was at 85th St. He stated that this was an apartment | run by an old German couple, a man and a woman, and the address was between the 100 and 200 series and he believed it to be 115. He stated that prior to this he lived at lOlst St. in NYC, and before that he resided on West End Ave., and they ..were hhis.....Qnly... residences during this period.in NYS... 500 + am e's ob aeons onde re rencener threat a one nome Se lb ee gt me . 8 *% : : SECRET NW 35080 Doocld: 32989537 Page 16
_— NY 65-18217 ‘With regard to the subject serving in the Armed Forces of the United States since his arrival here, he stated that although he registered for the Draft, he was not accepted for service because he had flat feet. When he was advised that flat feet would not keep one from serving in the Armed Forces, he stated there was something else that the doctors had found out that was wrong with him but they did not tell him what it was and he did not know what it was. He stated he-believed also that he was kept out of the service because/the time he took his physical examination, he could not speak English and because of his lack of knowledge of the English language, he was not taken into the Armed Forces. When advised that lack of knowledge of the English language does not keep you out, but on the contrary, special schools are run in the Armed Forces after induction and this could not possibly be a reason for non service, he stated he did not know why they did not want him but they never got around to calling him into the service and that he was classified as being physically unfit. When asked why he received a 5A classification instead of a 4F classification, he advised that the man who typed his ecard at the Draft Board probably made a mistake in classi- fying him: He advised that he knew that the term 4F applied to persons who were rejected from military service for physical reasons and he believed that was what he should have been classified. , He could not account for registering under one Selective Service Act and being classified under another selective Service Act. He stated he did not register for the Selective Service Act of 1948, did not serve in the Armed Forces in the Korean War and could give no reason for not registering under this Act. ; With regard to certain of the contents of his wallet, the subject advised as follows. — pee Rae RN Re say | osey SeanNememn Some wae ne are concn A cet NE REA = ENCE, eamamuameanany ewer ee eee oe - eenese teeta ninn er A cere ae nn eee ne amr ner - li - _ ; ab NW 35080 Doold: 32989537 Page i7
a "SECRET NY 65-18217 " With regard to the package of $20 bills amounting to $1920, he stated he saved this up over the years and kept on adding to it. He tied it with a thread and wrapped it in brown paper because it was neater. He stated ; he saved only $20 bills because he liked them and they were less bulky than $5 or $10 bills. He stated he knew there was exactly $1920 in this package. He would not say when he first used brown paper to wrap the money but stated he used many wrappers and they wore out over a period of time. : With regard to the lease for his present apartment, he stated the name, IRVING RUBEN, written on it,is an individual working in Professional Detail Service and the phone number appearing after it is RUBEN's phone number. He stated the telephone number TR 4-9213 was the telephone number of the building he presentiy resides in. With regard to the registration card from Local Board number 161, he claimed that the address shown, namely, 211 Clinton Street, Brooklyn, New York, was his address at that time and that he registered right after coming to the _ United States but upon reflection, stated it could have beer , two years after he came to the United States. aod With regard to the Notice of Classification, he stated this was mailed to him at the same address on Clinton Street and, aithough he had not lived there for four years, a friend received this card and gave it to him but he does not wish to say who this friend is. With regard to the receipts for radios purchased at the Grand Central Radio Shop, he stated he originally bought a Hallicrafters Radio to listen to radio messages from satellites in orbit around the earth. He traded this radio in at a later date and at this time, got a better radio. He __ __ stated he utilized ear.phones.with this radio only o-oo ~42- . Nw SS080 Docld:329689537 Page 16 4 NW 55080 Docid:32989537 Page 18 00
eo o SECRET NY 65-18217 because if he turned a speaker up, it would disturb the neighbors next door and also after certain hours, you . cannot turn on a radio in furnished rooms. He stated he listened to broadcasts from San Francisco, Chicago, and foreign broadcasts from Germany, Switzerland, England, France and Brazil. With regard to the school certificate from the University of London, he stated "Let me say something first. That is a phony." He stated he bought it about five years ago and used it to get a steady job. He would not state where he bought it or from whom or anything else connected with it and would not state where he utilized this certificate to get a job. With regard to the certificate of birth registration, he stated "This is my birth certificate. My mother gave me this in Switzerland before we applied at the United States Consulate in 1945." FINAL STORY OF HIS TRUE BACKGROUND Subject subsequently changed his story as to his background but stated he would not furnish details concerning his father and mother and his personal. life. He said, however, that his father was a German and his mother a Jew and that he had been born in the United States. He declined to say exactly when he left the United States but ‘indicated it was at an early age. He said his father and mother separated while he was quite young and he lived with his mother. She used her maiden name and he was also known by this name. According to him, his father became a prominent Nazi and served in HITLER! 8 army. He. indicated that: Ls father 07 ee ee 2 Omar or ce ee re te en ENN NE et crane Dat Rema Nant | ST -—— tet ce ne ee rere enemies meme I tne ee . ee ~ a eter we ee ae seen ee -RORETT . - 13 - SECRET , £ | ww 55080 Doold: 32369537 Page i959
NY. 65-18217 However, KUEHN insisted and thereupon subject addressed this unknown man. The man pretended to be delighted to Pind somebody with whom he could converse in English and . at KUEHN's suggestion, subject invited this unknown man to their table. The man questioned subject closely regarding the books in the English language that he had read and his education in English. Subject stated that he, upon reflection, decided that this man was in the restaurant by prearrangement with KUEHN for the sole purpose of testing subject's English. He deduced this from the questions he was asked by this unknown man concerning his background in English studies and literature. Subject recalled that KUEHN ordered a bottle of wine with the dinner and the subject was quite surprised at the termination of the meal when KUEHN allowed subject to pay the check. Subject advised that he had made the offer out of courtesy. Upon leaving the restaurant, KUEHN advised subject that he did not want to argue with the subject over the check while in the restaurant and placed a sum of money in subject's pocket. Subject stated that upon his arrival at home, he found that the money given to him by KUEHN was 300 East German marks. The check in the restaurant had been merely 60 East German marks. Subject had a series of four more meetings with KUEHN at which they discussed politics and geography. At the eighth meeting, which was approximately two months after his initial introduction to KUEHN,while talking in KUEHN's . apartment, KUEHN said to the subject "I came across a name which will be interesting to you." He thereupon mentioned the subject's father's name. Subject advised that because his father had failed to notify the Nazi government that he was married to a Jewess it would be detrimental to - his father should it be known.His mother and he,so far as he knew,were the only ones who knew of the marriage. ‘The ee chairmen nt Ammann ad eR a Ae RN a AY He pwmnreremearnrnes marememmenarmne; — sumrmamt— 9 ame reernan semrermeemenne ean ge enema ny - em ne eres rn a ea emetic tenet enema nanan ernest me - 17 - E HW 35080 Doold: 32889537 Page 23
oo - SECRET NY 65-18217 revelation by KUEHN took subject so by surprise that he immediately began discussing his father's career and. relationship to him and his mother. Subject stated that he was afraid for himself and for his mother believing that * reprisals. would be taken against them because of his father's prominence as a Nazi. After revealing to KUEHN all the details of his father's relationship with his mother, KUEHN assured him that he would not use the information which subject had given to him and facts he knew about subject's father to the detriment of either subject or his mother. Upon reflection, subject felt that KUEHN actually did not know @s much about his father as subject had related and he felt later that he had been tricked into revealing too much. He said, however, that his purpose was to try to show that he had actually had very little to do with his father and that he had always lived with his mother. Subject advised that his education and indoctrination continued with KUEHN for about two more months, the meetings being held in KUEHN's apartment. KUEHN began his educational course with geographical albums on the Soviet Government. These albums contained information on the progress that the Soviet Government has made since the Soviet Revolution. The albums contained photographs of cities, buildings, factories and important landmarks of the Soviet Union. Underneath the photographs were descriptions citing the production figures of the factory or the political or social significance of the photographed place. The second album introduced by KUEHN was on the Socialist Camp. This consisted, according to subject, of photographs of cities and places of countries that are affiliated with the Soviet Union, such as Czecho- slovakia, Bulgaria, etc. These albums also contained figures and charts and a description of the progress that has been made by these countries since they adopted a Communist a Le seagate ens cede tN oqrine a/ Reser eS mee oe mime memnpie eee gene ER een er IEE pRAI Rep tee SHEE EUR APE ON ee me ~ wee ee ee a - 18 - | SECRET \HW 35080 DoolId: 32989537 Page 24 |
f £ % NY 65-18217 Government. Subject was required to memorize the facts and figures which were supplied in these albums and he was questioned on them by KUEHN, He was also given record albums containing the national music of various countries and specifically of the Soviet Union. Subject had a good musi- eal background and was aware of many of the more prominent composers throughout Europe but was not especially familiar with various Soviet artists. Because of this, much of the material concerned Soviet music and composers. Subject was also furnished with material which identified and gave the background of leading Communist figures. He said he became familiar with the background of most of the leading figures in the Soviet Union. In describing various charts furnished subject, he said they were "beautifully done." He said many were in color and very effectively portrayed the - advancement which has been made in the Soviet Union. He recalled specifically a chart comparing illiteracy at the time of the revolution with the present time and stated that the chart dealing with this stated that over 90% of the people were illiterate, and at the present time well under 10% are illiterate. The albums, brochures, and charts were in the German language. MW 55080 Docld: 32989537 Page 25 i
NY 65-18217 ., | Praining in Radio Reception Subject advised that after approximately four months association with KUEHN he went to the apartment ; ; and was introduced by KUEHN to a Mr.“SCHILLER, SCHILLER . made a joking remark to the subject itpiying that the ke . ae apartment was not KUEHN's, but was in fact SCHILL&R's. _ Subject describes SCHILLER as being approximately 47 years old, dark hair, dark complexion, about 5! 10! tall, , ‘ and rather chubby, The only distinguishing feature — subject could recall was that SCHILLER had a recessed ; — bridge to his nose. He advised that SCHILLER spoke German with either a Mecklenburg or part Polish accent, He advised that SCHILLER was not as cultured as KUEHN, but appeared to have a very wide technical knowledge. Subject stated that SCHILLER was an engineer or technician. He questioned the subject on his knowledge of radio operation and construction, After questioning subject, SCHILLER told him that he knew nothing about radio and proceeded to give him instructions, SCHILLER also furnished subject manuals on radio construction and operation. He went into complete details on the functional parts of radio. At the completion of the technical aspects of the radio construction, subject was required to locate various frequencies on the radio to display his ability to locate low wave length broadcasts, One of the stations which subject was required to locate contained a broadcast by a man who recited five digit numbers with a slight pause after each grouping. Subject had no training in ciphers or code at this time, but was merely required to copy down the numbers as  . - weeited by the broadeaster, Subject stated that he wi “ __..-. comnended- by: SCHILLER’ for "his ‘aptitude in locating the aw? station and-recording the-numbers broadcast, ‘This veo -- course of instruction consisting of the training in. | WULurC wc —~" “padio breakdown and construction and his ability to tune in the station desired took approximately three weeks, . - 20 - SECRET MWe 55080 Doold: 32989537 Page 26 °
4 i { SECRET NY 65-18217 Instruction in Espionage Technique After the completion of the radio course, the subject was furnished books which were case histories on espionage activity by German, English, and other agents during and prior to World War II. He recalled that the first book that was furnished to him by SCHILLER was"fhe Espionage Activities of T. E. Lawrence", a British Intelligence agent, With this book and the other . books which subject was required to read, he received a supplement for each book, which he was told to guard carefully as they were considered highly confidential by his instructors, These supplements consisted of a series of questions on the errors that were committed by the espionage agent. The supplement made reference by page to the espionage book, SCHILLER discussed in Getail the techniques used by the espionage agent, the errors the agent made, and also the particularly fine accomplishments which he might have made. Subject was questioned in detail regarding the errors and advantages of various espionage techniques. Subject stated that at about this time he gathered that he was being groomed by SCHILLER for activity outside the East German Government. Heretofore,under the training of KUEHN and SCHILLER, he believed that he was being groomed for use within the East German Government itself, After the completion of the course on espionage techniques, subject told SCHILLER that if he was being groomed to work in the West Berlin sector or the Western zone of Germany, he would not accept such an assignment, He said he did this because he was continually reading about East German agents who were apprehended by West German authorities, Subject advised the books on espionage ; cases were for the most part in the English language. He “—7 vyremembered one was: about spies on Long Island, New_York, 920 JT and another dealt with the Rote Kapelle, . - 21 « ; SECRET NW 35080 Doold: 32989537 Page 27 Lt __ __ _ __