+ WS APR 17 1988 cf vn Fie Ain 2? im “ers are politicians, byreaucrats,|: - seli-styled intellectuals. wko are! .- evil and must be destroyed. Galt!;- - Cenounces mysticism aid glori-), - fies reason. His gospel is abo} i i 7 y: cagraciers. =5.22 Scticcetr2 2 F SS% LO Lales So 3 - whey an Tag Fiem- . ticn of tae Income tax, an end to} ; foreign aid and of social welfare!$ ~~ ; me oi tha man tsced ca legislation. - At the end, as Galti¢ . “- Eeeyichatosed card” i ike and. his cohorts fiy to ‘taeir At. 27 wt 5 SAUStARS Final lantis they see New York wet tae: levies ig “Eoie Stervo Gale > ing in its last convulsions. li a has been unable to Sad Ernst Stavro Blofeld is the), SOR much-less philosophical villaini, 5 of ‘“Thunderball’’ and two other! - Aya Rens's 2557 zovel, “: - Fleming novels. © - | - . arnggec,” the ‘eater cia a if the man ‘who murdered” ; : ae ahte cestins al md =i King was influenced by the - weeryarive is “Soren G. ait” views of the fictional characters, ; . ~ — _or even just concoctec an alias — Me , vetae tha inating | oe etree «from .a -combination of the foe . i tthe es : ra} _Rames, an investigator migh - - a Sanoneen is artist's uneiScial concep» draw the conclusion that the tu nn t a R . 4 | Bon of Gai a -, gitive is a man of some educa me - Ie Seat, jai Gat 2". 2° thom or affinity for reading. Per re he & =0 + 3 JS cae?  yessiog is thet the “competent! Sons who claim to have seen ta fot TTS “men a ie werld ere vanishing! Suspect, before and after tr - : Velichte the grec? | iscompetents, April 4 assassination, describ - CEG : vache ime helen teking over. Th e disappe him 2s neatly’ “dressed ° an. P 02 of the compeent “gpjectiv. well-spoken. te wa! is7S"” 3 part oi inaiz plot against: There is some speculation the . eS Gh OLD; jue looters end parasites ba-| he. is a professional killer, rathe cameee tt(letgne 1 us2ice able men are con-| than an “amateur.” But federz _ - iterery Galz zr” Uves in:vinced society mast 9 olagse investigators studying the minut _ «ica fice in:vetove there can be a healthy/ details of the case say ther ae - area the “eCcEoE3y is -myster-: social order, : is no reason to put snore cri ° 2 - piousiy declining. Miss Rand’s! ee) me Hedena, G Gen, the Loot dence in one idea,of the othe «ae . ° “ye HW 53216 Docld:32397597 Page 238 . |
fait sted 3 trail’ grows > affairs only. “bat: ‘he. owas, 3 ‘cuits cold -in- rs,.02 ect Sow Soe car bo aw only =: stalked, Yooming s house’at h 2>Jand” ave. - from AVE; 28 10 Oct, T lashyeerk ie), Fe Sas He: = ‘that’ during: Sep--B - recelyed a prev < “maik. plisgens! iat a known: to him: as:G 92,4 told ‘thei {Birst = =e ed::inter i. ents Caer ee TODS: a cores hylooked re ho Tame ser s“He. Was. aboy thenaver Sey: (The == vie “roomer® in... dress; : stalk” Schunting: “hes founds Pappearance,? :Cherpes-*t the pounder” Scene. ‘and : s always 77 wore) Hered ito = deine “ay — rane Seale t~ Soa - ~~ : . . ; - . / . : - t . ; - oe. | . . . 2 ; ~ ~*~ — ~ so HW 532716 DBocld:32397527 Page 240
a coe Roe ern ae tee fa a. ~- “o . 3 4 . - = a! 2. <. ot - “e 3 -: (Chespes oad was spincing 2S Dre “weer. See et tener ape cpewr ee wmenacmumenees: “ rer nee ee - ° sea, SATE Tees PMI TIL hy a RARE ER ne : ee ‘ ¥ STOO RA SRST POET MCRL TONER GT AS Mian Neon sar ante strate wena oa mace Ere PEEP EAL MEETS DAS MpRpSemIg eI et HW 53716 - Docld: 32397527 ‘Page ‘P41
_ APPROVED FOR RELEASE.” Date Po fue 176 “A'S 3516" _ Docld:32997527 "Page “242-7 — a ~ a
HW 53216 - Docld:32397527 Page 243 gay | by: et the Oe by although his supposed birth
_ ; . Pressed sze of the f - - . canhumts in ml ; , Jncay 3 for we skado H - ° —¢ Sn0wm 2s Erie Starvo}_ . ; Charged in ita Slaying of poe - wo _ .o* 2+ 2Dr Marta? Lathes Xing Jr. _ aT " .'" 3: Tra 3B SES EOL accoss the ( ae . Cee Peo er ee <Y Teceived cumerous tips we Soot. TP. ESS ES eo nae - : api aiegzad assassin | - ~ - a - : R ais name — probably : 5 : . ; “ETS: arose a week | . idiark "Sorel. in . - . "Marry tha Asscclated i, 5 © i Prass Testaniay Paes thar iat 2 maa reg.|. Tey asistered there uncer the nome of ; “lEzie §. Gait o3 #278 2, the day; *: es : * Decive tha Nitin Z, * . a . t; Webd said a weite sata ; ot - J hearin img Alabama license t plates} Siang eee Wise stickers | te = ak A sinilar car has! - . 73 in Atlant ; . be, 33 Checked into excthor motel: . . 9, Abr 2 mictt hava teen Galt’s:  Ziscps -% Srother. 7 %, c¥akert! re % “WW s32i6:- Docld:32397527 ° Page: o4a-
Seneca, , as ° . . eS - A ; : 2 . oe * iY . ° : r ae, . . — - ~ ,32397527 Page 247°
. : = é . 3 io . - : ° - og a . v 1 eo FOR: RELEASE’ AUG 1976:.
HW. 53216. Docld: 323974527. . 1 Soa acCigi} disobedience could belC warned.: These, ere -trbulent The Poor--People'’s Cam “paign is scheduled to begir ‘bere “April 22::Its organizers shave said it will still -be held,” step endorsed yesterday by: f--dent’s *Advisory. Commission |: Peon Civil Disordérs,:-~ 2 Jt could be “a .nsgmificent|t ynemorial -to,-Aiartin Aamther|: “King,” Brooke. declared | only * CBS's “Face the Nation.” ~"--- 4s riots follow-\|n 4 4, i> .. Clark-said lew+enforcement! er ., officials heve obtained “a very |W aqeuteamntial amountof physical! f in the framework of law.”'| President wery risky- at’ this-time,”. he{ing
- i" “Mexico where iS known: to have gone at : @ point after -his escape on | 23, 1957; from, the Missouri} ” iState Peuitentiary in Jefferson | - - . Welle in prisons, & was s2arned! -Ray’s far-ranging travels after . ws ; ol. . today. ; . ‘Gis escape is one of the major: . ° Ray, odject of a manhunt hat :ouestion marks facing investiga... excencs as far awar as aide 'iors, ; ; ~ ; anc West Germazr, served sex! During the year from the date Catiiorria, !of ais escape until April4 when <. sceral peni-iXing was shot to death in Mem- - WOT ‘pais, Tenn, Ray is said ta‘have curmeyed 19,090 miles, _tentiary’ at Leav. eo Cote “ Some of his ree pes aa ">. Bave descrizad Negro loner, 0: ais time in jail "Books and gira maezazines. . The FBI ceeined New Orieans ‘again, then. te ‘ania, and finally to Mem- » Pais, lavestigaters say, _ we us Fa =e bas been connected wit} - : ar and rifle believed tt: - 92 een used by King’s slaye ... s3t ingerprints and is wante: - Ar the FBI on a warrant charg - aa Ee conspiracy in the death o G : 7 C5 ! Ring as well as for being a fugi = . é ltive from the Missouri priso: |. ssystem . oa TE a : ievestigators do not know hoy : tour : Se:Rey Snanced his purchases, hi oa.) thought iE 3 mi i :Cay-ov-day expenses or his tray ee \ 1 “return st be was trying ‘els without any known job dur _ 7 -. + to Rida, ing ine peried after his escape ~ ae, '- The Fk printed ¢ =aS; investigators are hopeful tha. . : i “eSpread circulation of his 5 and fingerprints, plus the .- . in reward money of. oe : ° Ted ior his apprehension, will @ them to Ray. Thousands of .. . cs Save been received and all tare being checked out,
MW 532716 - : - 3 3 . 2 . soe le 7 . . - . : + - - = . rd 7. ¢ - . - i - i : ° . a7 - Y ‘Docld:32397527 -—* * ae ¢ 4 - * \ Bage “asa - - - . a . . .. wet cee er ne ae te Wing GI aig Slever’s 7 ce ark | ‘otar ts Yertt ~ Aue? C2 Ur, Martin Luther + Ning, he bed ve in Guate-- . 6 198 a CATEMALA crty.|: * Guatsmsien secret police a said U.S. F2z agents were Le snvesagaizg a @ Zeport that - James San Ray, suspected
| . . al — APPROVED FOR RELEASE - Date Ladle ee
*-.|Mexico.and the West Coast, and ‘jon wine,: women and- bartending, lessons is one of the mysteries of .|Negro-hating ‘racist and eutioned _ Army finally gave him a general _ ithe records indicate,’ “every: hold-|: ed many: times from ’1949 until | while’ the = Tennessee = =Charge +A: [Birmingham gun dealer:that his|: of Dr: Hin. Ray said, “1 ‘If Lever: . brother ‘had. told him to buy the ‘get “out-of. ‘her man Cities -of Bremen;:Bremer. 1° furt. He was tried in a refrigera- i. “tion company, the: military po: ~~~ “lice and ‘the infantry,:but the  - ; discharge for Aneptness. = Soon.- after. his’ release,’ Ray... ‘turned to crime and was arrest- up or robbery he ever tried end-| his last sentencing in’ 1960. His jed in.disaster for him. He was,!- life pattern :.was ‘fixed: : He :be:, - sas. the convicts say, a three-time came. a : loner - whose:-‘amuse-' - 71 ments centered on bar girls‘and' . ’ prostitutes. :-He rately worked.: ~ When he needed money for vod-. he ka. and beer, :he stale or took it “by force. He never: ‘married. 30-4. Fellow ‘prisoners knew him: as} _ a man addicted to amphetamine; ‘ ; or ae pills, an avid reader of} against Ray i is conspiracy to vio-: “girlie” magazines, a lone wolf, - of Dr. King, - who constantly talked of escape. late the civil rights fellow. prisoner: “bas reported The. ethat - ‘once’: when a -rumor ‘was! rr ‘hm is murde éd.ona circulated in: prison that a “busi-! ‘attri ‘to Ray-him: self. He“is-said to :have‘told’a| ‘$1:'million’ ‘bounty’ fer: the death’ ; On-Aug.!30;-1 sai, . bod. eee m ander weapon: ered - an. cad placed in a Birming-’ - "Ray's :*brothers"have™ been| bam newspaper by William D.| checked -out -and “officials -say |:Paisley, who.:wanted to sell his! | | 1966 Mustang. ‘Ray paid $1,995 in| thee ae “not :.been linked with cash for the car’ > At that ‘time, : Ray was going’ a under the name of Eric Starvo; Galt and ‘it-was by that alias he} T landiond ee to“his Bi andlord, Peter Cherpes, and to! ¢ Alabama ; ‘authorities who issued/ = him a license. on. Sept. 6, 1967.; So This - Was -the- cde ct haven,» Nuernburg*and:Frank-
‘| days - ‘in Montreal} He fived i in’an old*hotel and passed himse as an employe of: Expo-67. f _ fev While ‘living-in Cherpes’ house : [ ae ‘in: “Birmingham, Ray received a |e A. darge: box: of -expensive camera . (3 cations: Dr. around four significant Io dence;: the office of the Southern | Christian": » Conf ‘Mexico, :;where he passed some: _ | the {time “in ‘places ‘like Jalisco: and . | publ “Puerto Nallarta.‘He.became well [20 -known “in ‘the cantinas there:and -| R: “| even -had. his picture taken with -a.Mexican prostitute..(That pie- § ture} showing’ Galt ‘wearing sun ‘glasses, was released by the FBI ‘tve.-for. going to:Mexico was: “buy. marijuana’ but’ Ray appar- “ently also: liked the country. He stold- one acquaintance: “When I -make..my big score ‘Tm going. to. Ss come down her 6 Docld:32397527. Page 255° _
Plot i ineory Probed | | a | : \SEINGTONTE2 entra U.S. — eopareius, inducing the rit and the Cextral £ inteligence A327, bas new become involved in ts Uze- . Hon of tea murder of Dr. very Lote Eseed , Seer “Evidence gathered by FBI ezexs hz - One Of tha most massive crobes in ike ~ nafan’s bistory bas forced sexices ie - . WesigeSon of these possinicties: > 4, That James Earl Ray, the allesed _ @SSa5Si1, Was the hired Kifer in 2 Cuba Red Cxma plet 2. That the “assassin. squad” of ¢ Soviek secret police was scmmencw volved in the pict. . Teast Ray was bored icc=rectiv 9; cemsin black nationalists wio raid im wita money made available by foreign sources. ” Vv wk ‘g . ‘MANY AGENTS Tha FBI has had 2s many zs 2,08 : agents working et cre ume, in im cocpere ‘I tion wita honéreds ci iscel rolicermen and other US. inteitgence 2320s, 1 - track Cown every leac—iscizcing the above possibiliies thet the assassination was ploted with the : Intermal chaos in the United Sictes : dt shovld be emobauzed that ite com- MCA More upen completion cf the jod. Whea he returned is his U.S. racist em (Bloyers for the final payoil, the theory - goes, he was sizig end his body cumped Where agents may never find it imermational inteligence agents have- entered the lnvesigation, iGwever, be- catse cf Ray’s mysterious izips to New Orleams—and coriain of the susp2ce’s . Wins out of the country. The FBI re- vorredly has vinsointed Ray’s. move- ments even to Knowing which prostitute -he spent which night within in certain coun: " TOE oe mete er ements ee gmt eg wes but it hes not yet produced-mean- - vidence Of an international plot. oat t there is Ceep suspicion cf 2 Cuda- 7? 2 assumption is that, ° Red China plot. Th _ 2 the Cubans hed made arranzemens © to spirit their hired Kier out of ue US., they very Roped killed han . dumped him in the ccean. imenton ci creatizg - the Killer was a loner who iourdered . ; Dr. King out cof bis own crazy, racst : Views. . : - But tsis theory loses sinoortars 2s eack day goes by without agents tur * to the murder end murder weeson by " ‘get food and critk for so long 2 period . the massive eayandnigit sox search thet "- Es underway. Lo _ This point, added to the nowicowa * Fact that Ray bad plenty of money, has : Ring's assassin wes a Ezed SiZer. A growing fear in FBI circles is that APPROVED. FOR RELEASE the Ker was given $10.00 in advance Date : to murder Dr. ‘King with 2 Fromse of ing up any trace of Ray, woo is inked FBI egents believe re loner cozld "LITTLE ‘EVIDENCE Totally-informed sources bere sav, however, that there is no evidence whai- scever of involvement by the Commu- - nist party of the United Staies, or of any : .. Splitter group of U.S. Communists. Oze source called the King killing - “one of the mest baifling cases in mem- ory.” He said suspect Ra ay “Just van- sted in the face of the damncest FBI - mandumt in eges.”’ He also theorized that the slaying and... escape Were so smoothly orga ganized that -- _they tend to discredit suspicions of black - ' ‘nationalist involyement—but that “Every possibility must be checked.” . - The FBI is powizg vast amounts of: manpower and money into the search because it knows its will arise. Memphis police aixeady have been accused of plotting the murder, and the accusations scon could be'hurled * at the FBI or other faderal agencies, - “Some ofthose directing the investiza- tion are openly hoping that it will tur, fear the explosive repercussions. if it tims out that the murderer wes a hired Killer for white U.S. Tacisis—or jor a foreign power. te Stet eee ee ree ee ee. HW 45 3216. Do eld: 3239: 1527 --Eage— 256: fee inert rn manent eres a bebe tesn sat reputation is at - stake. It also knows that if Dr. King’s --. -. Rker is not found ell sorts of ramors tebe tare - Gut to be the work of one man They \
. >. BAS VEGAS Sum * Clues To ‘Assassination i WASHINGTON — The Federal Bureau of Investigation’s s massive probe of the assassination of f Dr. Martin Luther King i is taking a possibly sensational turn. : : : With: James - Earl. Ray, the: - suspected. assassin, apparently, either outside the U.S. or now dead, FBI agents have increased their surveil. a Tance Of several American Soe atnists known to have been closely aSSO- Oné of the most interesting of these ” came from a an alert TV viewer and concerns the now famous Sante Top’”’.speec ng ma . on April 3, the night before. his staying, showing a Premonition of his ims -. pending death. - : “Ti the speech vas truly made i in a Memphis on April 3 as reported,” . the letter pointed out, “then how can one account for King stating his age . : “as 36 (instead of 39) and ey does he Speak 0 of demonstrating i in Alabama bee ; twice during the Speech?" : After oho out the time and Iedaiton of King’s final speech, ‘several of the crack FBI agents assigned to the case decided to 9 beg “seeking answers toa number of their own questions, including: “Tf King had "The ; answers to these questions are considered highiy important to .. the investigation, since, if another person was concerned in the prepara-" tion of that speech, the writer might be able to shed new sent 0 on vit _ especially those mistakes. . ; Aiso, if King had received ‘help with the speech, the passages ‘deat. " with the civil rights leader’s premonition of death would probably“ i have been fully. discussed. King’s reauest to -the Deiroit. clice depart- -ment_for protection when he visited that cit a few weeks before his eatin indicated he feared jor his life ben. oo a blo, ty S. execu ve : z S closes advisers an Speecir Wri ers. ane, i Tepared many of his most famous speec es, Ssiesniny weduon SS =. during a Closéd door meeting of a Hous Since Ray during his trips prior to King’s assassination visited the ‘same city in which this ghost writer lives, the FBI is now.inv ‘estigating to determine if the two met covertly
one of the major ones.in the. £5.. There. hi -city. The agency . sent this . “:recéived 1 (There's -another irony in eyd. It’s a com- a similar rooming: house run j, Mrs. Yee Loo.at:962 Dun- HW 53216 Docld:32397527 “Page 260
; bout Vollce-” legroes had com tthe Memphis po- t taken Immedlate prehend the killer.
Sunaner OF S87 Che RB Ea closed yesterday, where heen: rolled as irle Gatt foe‘a or responduiee | course in lock- sintthing offerad! bya a. school In ‘Now; doravy, ! . J Immediately « after’ the. ar: “Trodt, dxfocnal Atel Ministor . {Mitchell ‘Sharps called for a “Pu n,;-dlghtening naa . ant : re TOOT A “iwo. rooting houses. On Aprit sen ae hi ‘went ton ‘wave ney Police * also found. a 40-06 ]8a1 tab Y en ey mile o pD travel apeney hunting rifle with a teluxcopic|Sea. Robert ¥. Kennedy seal | sight ty the rooming ‘house on helped to cage’ tensions thet: South Malin Street. ‘Tho. gun jhad! arisen over the lack of we rite { 2 was purchased March’ 90 fn sult * Any the, search; for, Birmingham, Hoover sald,s* King’s } kiler:** a “iHhewenreh oxtended throu Nes , the United States, Canada and Complulnty About Vollce ° Mexlco,"with the“FBI circulat--, Man “Newroes had cow. Jing .< Bie pli tos: Peand Maine ‘that tho Memphis po- | Be ‘had’ not taken Immediate ([f ‘ te ov to‘approhond the killer. (fet f yoad.’ treed Ray On’ Tudsday,:'a delegation . of [2 10% dofinite locales—once. lor. |the «Poor, People's Campalan Tidajonce Callfornia, and once angrily “asked Attorney: Gen- (2 Me {out -each:. time ;.the|eral Clark: cy no arrest had Ee lated at all, van been jade: Aptis “Dre: : King’s We ‘1 York ‘for. Son.} Keimedy's fu: eral... ‘was; told:; jabout.ithe: ar y Tiieae emorpraten giyseargh ‘foray uspect: in recent: Ime ont Rooming’ itbuse. B-day. old igeatc dt a} altito the |), eral ait ae Hands \i9u6: white: ‘Mustang found in Heat rail fi hein rf Prewed saulsfaction at the ay. ee m “rag "We are dappy he hase aay ‘both caught if he fs the man,” be \ ‘sald Hosea;:Willlams, a leader fee ‘People's; ‘Cam- fe i] 0:'see justice | ie ane but? not only, with the man, iE : ; witht : ‘the e. system,’ : fa {hi for, Hen King's auaran To) aha ei nese || Negro ‘cab: driver »-nere’ said, 'when!: he ‘heard: ‘the’: ane ; : th Gilet:  Suverintendent Thoma ui tid" Detective: ‘Chie varested “had det ahs ey oa Nac Rae RP Ray E ces
. & aad ey nal . ee -e . =. . 2 « < a vf / — b HV 53216 Docld: 32397527 -Page 266
Da 2 Bayes pot > =e vesugation , Sievers Risoic. reer, No.: we Were Steven x former ouse- man. -and another eccupant, : . Wake Anch=.. woo gave of. finteals intamwenatian’ . - Stee LUIS BOO oo. £03 und roritativ Hon, authoritative - sources said. ‘The JWithess Was Dov. ager, Brivisa. warrister “Davi att, representing tS m Gearing ¢ i told the “court " American autborities, ad @ witmess a ‘Me. Sie, : yen”. who hed seen Ray _ enter the’ ‘boarding i hiner used es. post. _  - Caleutt’s cisciesas ’ seal. Teporiers Sci Jen. @gens Nosezt ssinz | ‘ands 2 Bessie”  ‘pouis sen,- questioned about. ‘Stee ¥ens, said he talked to him a few weeks ago, but.°T have. no ‘KRowledge of is wherea- ~ at the present time.”. Jense “refused: ment regarding Mrs. Bréwer * end Anchutz, expiaining: “Pm sorry. I’m restricted . 22 id cen. S87 nothing about the cas to com-. >
oN rset Rt ws C0! Bow, Street: Court Serre ttre Ses ated Raia ar eed ESTES
Bao crea nt th a : PTIS 3112: Se ee
oy fingers is 2 re rigweoe RS a : Tree goes $ Eve ; Zr eraye eens ent tictnss is:tigh
ferent ip gts fnriper* gg ons ay Nees Pes 2 aah eS extra. le murd Gan 5 uy jbutsifthe is harge: Sey eas afta Af: % her there'Is: a:sub: er ameansito| compel the govern Pe oe murder} 7 a ths crime‘ot polit
Arm om 2s Cog e Ba | : British’ ° Ry rb Ss attorne oy LAKE A tery a pee | ry aN gt nt gs i
; CET saix Ed liaveralconvers dyeaivics Sasha te Sy application: 0: eS on tort sands rec Roth Lege oe prasad ad Pe Fae PT arr des ey pear sae t Hom decide w.
cae ate F ¥ oF Rog i a OP lnby eather uetensene a yea Ieonddn Ee any ie can tallok a au fads satan i auth
om oJ 7 ; fa :people: ‘have been. ‘questioned - about + * Ray's: “movements. ‘in ; “APPROVED FOR: RELEASE Date [9 AUG 19 HW 53216 Docld:32397527 Page 2750 0° 0
¢ x . . oo ‘ Py * ‘ uo ©. . . } . te . s 1 a + . - . \ t - ‘the Pax Hotel he-was alone: : He then spent. most of his ‘his room.. One was.a yellow-. ‘covered. thriller, “Tangier . we NW 53216. DocId:32397527 Page 277 00 | culation “2.40 times.6.equa 14.40,”: At’ the ‘time of his ar- sit remark \-
caer, - LONDON, July 2—Asthos J. quest =rom Ray on June 25 foq | Hanes, the American axtorney jan interview with his attorney: < (for James Ear] Ray, is exe to rae Wazcsworth Prison, The re. on -Friday tor iquest was Stanted the same - an unexpected second visit to day, bet Banes had already See his client, who +3 Z2cing | flown Back tg Alabama, 2: extradition’ io ‘the United?  aressan: ®% a British news, - _ {States on charges of murder. i pane= “reported today ‘that ling the Rev. Dr... Martin Lu- 'Sectlznd. Yard has 4pPparently | ~ {ther King Jr. (+ ilinked =ay’s Zingerprints to.a : - | Hanes ‘Spoke by telephone | ¥ Londen Bank robbery, - : “Ray with’ Michael & 2gen ndard said Lugene, | The Evening Sta Ray’s Eritisa sclicitcr, that .&- Dank in the Fulham Rey had Yoluntesred 2 stata. jarea od i “was roobed sometime be. - i. pMent at his extradition Se@arjfora 5. © vans 2 by a Ione armed -.. Bf on Tuesday Comblzining ivaider, ho imade off with . that the Home Oztice & Fe-;about $240. Tre Tobber left a nt Vented him from sei. ai : r = nee iPaper deg : z Seaind and jit was -.. | Whom ce had emsioved Subsequently “baked” in the ‘iter, when -the American at 'Yard’s iingervrint department, tived for his first visit on Juxe| Gisclosing grins that report. — ne Apparently there ™ _ fedly maiehed the. American ~ Wes 2 ‘suspect's, mixup, The Home Oztice as. I. Yard cfcials declined’ to Serted that it received a 7 leorfizm oz deny the story, ... HW.53216 DécId:3
wef who fled: froma’ rooming house near the’Lorraine Motel just af- OF a loner “and ing:a‘tuxedo at the time. One 5 quality =and|Pictare" Sppeared to have: been|! (Teen merece nrrate tt enters eet | "here: ._ this’ country: and: went:to: Mexi- t 3 3 # 5 t i i i 4 a
r Ae sion, | said-a again that “Hitimailed:.a- duplicate: of: Galt’s e|driver’s -license.: to: ,hitt\at ‘a Shame yesterday’ Sy the FB FBLif | gwittta conspiracy {0 ya ’ Dr--King’s ts, and was . Bharged in Memphis by the! : Sonn of Tennessee with mur ; ring e 39-year-o civil! : ; sights leader with a | single rifle; ‘Remington : ville with. |: : Duplicate License Sought: proprietors-of-10.of: 21. rooming| : ® “The: -Highway.:Patrol.spokes-} -.."  [pouses. checked. in: f questioned man ., Said ithe a: telephone ea 7 S$ was said. in- the: FBLa i. - gomplaint to: be a co-conspira-jhe:.was. about: to: be*. graduated/| possible-"3 ; No warrant has been issued|from® a bartenders’ -school ‘ in!complaint.:;:: Leta} 3 .. sgor- the arrest of. the: brother, {Hollywood in. March. ‘He. turned} . The - details” ‘of:.'the murder| . The-.envelo ‘with: the - dup- . tand the buream has Fefused | to down a job: because; -he’ is’ “Te|charge’ filed: in. Memphis. have] licate-. license ..contained’: a - ‘Dill. *. {discuss him. 2+: 7. : [ported to-have'said, because he! ben: kept. secret. by the state.:A| for 25. cents to-cover: the ‘cost; . % A ‘source. in-tho bureau. in-;had-to.go. “See: his brother. -jpolice- -Spokesman::saidz: there|.and= the:25':cents~ was? paid}  -. ai brother might}. There was: an indication that the: details:.of’ the - charge | promptly: “The: Highway, Patrol} »- a supplied... iniformation| the: F BE-still had. not learned! would: no >, Feleased:. until] said. “it: received.,the: money, on oes, sspeculation that: bureau hadiwhether” Eric. ‘Starvo: Galt, was! Galt "was? im-custody. ‘ New York Times | 19 April 68 - Asenove ea ces 7 “HW 53216 Docld:32397527 Page 281
* spiracy- which ‘continued until|Gatt . recalled "him ! Has on: eo “April. 5, 1968, -to|pleasant and | in ody viduals ‘he gave: ng -xeferences injure, ress, . threa’ r.in- re er hast ‘could ‘not ammedi- timidate Martin Luther King Jr., othe st ewhat mysterious. |Bertending in Bollywood, Galt s tification of .the :gun‘used.by|Paid $225 for-a course ‘ex- ‘ defendant ‘found “at? the “Scene tended over. next: four Tidosta; ‘officials of the crime,” and-investigation| conducted - by: the”-Federal :Bu- 16, -.DoeId:32397527,
HW 53216. Docld: 32397527 “Page 283. area “earlier ‘this. year,.: Galt. ook..a. course at’ a. school: OF: -bartending: ‘and: was gradé: this::’ uated on March .-2,” 1968... eet: 1E ‘inches tall and: weighs between: 160 and: 175 Pounds. st aid: to:,.be ; ally pulling, ate: an: ear. ‘lobe. with: his -hand:*), His: left ear: which Galt has‘been: ‘Shares a -provides a. maximum penalty; of 10 = years -.imprisonment:: and/or: $5,000. fine: Bond. of: 000*: 2 bee . New York Times | 18 Apr 68 oe ~ s manners e
James Har Ray, a cont . ¥ . “2 10. has: been}: - Street ‘St: ovis: But ia- the |/en,-said’ the: file‘did’ oe abo whether any* them: Ra - or “1867, ater, nav * "2 Serv ‘ seven - ‘years of... .a-. ee : ‘Anytime. you. : for; armed ; : a ie: man: up: -to versation, wi him That the -F.BL -had. ‘not notifie d “officials. here before..the an- : nouncement, Nor, he added, has ae "Fhombing through Raye ords, -noung that his: work: re: . APPROVED FOR REL LEASE z 1g AUG S76
ot “LP just knew he wasn’t an Eric. He were : - Coe ’ arti piesa etme i ary ies emer ee Se Fl ee cones nant an tn oer was too country to be an Eric.” « ; “That is also what the Federal Bu- _reau of Investigation. concluded when it identified Eric Starvo Galt, the accused killer of Martin Luther King, as no more than a lean, bat- tered wild-hair, a punk who was a local nuisance in half a dozen Mis- -- sissippi River towns, a convict who ' had escaped a year ago in a bread truck from the bakery of the Missouri - State Penitentiary in Jefferson City, just plain James Earl Ray. Jimmy Ray was a child whose. “nose ran all winter, who missed any- where from 25% to 30% of a school "year, flinched when a teacher dared “+. $0 much as to reach out an arm! and sat painfully aware that to the other students in the Ewing, Mo. ele- mentary school he was just another member of the family “out there on the side of that hill without. enough toeat.” ° 0. He had grown up mean in the thin-° nest of times and the toughest | of Places. . ‘Born March 10, 1928 - Dovld:32397527 Page 287 CONTINUED
. ee AA YO ree oy s e Lins Sd, isa eh eS ta ake Lap FEE EAT EY See as ee al Ce Vol, 64, No. 18 May 3, 1968. f we, When the Ewing, Mo. grade school © -pathered for the picture at left ine 1938, third-grader James Earl Ray*: (in third “row at left of gh iiss -. polka dot dress} peered halt-hid- “den lover a classmate’s heads. ve rbaninele
ys Pa AESNONT GF Hon wuts | . : . eee : : (Gg ses : ae ‘ , ; som raene oat Beene ana) gs SVIGING Punmiy : aad : as LEION S: oie te ; AAS Pee See : Lo ae Ne we ng u ; ; ite ity . if i James Earl Ray was born in 1928 | in the house at right in Alton, IL—. - the first of many shabby dwellings .. " occupied by the indigent Ray fami- “ly as they drifted from one Mise sissippi River town to another, The” . present owner recently gol a pers | mit (above) to have the rool fixed,” . aoe RJ ae HW 53216 Docld:32397527 © Page, 289
WW, 53216 Docld:32397527 Page 290 Washburn : (front. row, far. righty, ‘who once. broke: Ray’s leg playing, football. Today Washburn ,(above) is; Ewing's postmaster... ‘Ray ~ ‘is: shown below” after his 1959 arrest: in. St..-Louis:. for armed robbery.
, Ray spent his boyhood’ in Ewing, ° Mo. (pop. 324), a somnolent vil- lage where the, abando HW 53216 Docld: 32397527 “Page 291° grass now grows on ‘and main street (below) looks ned railroad (above), -, , ty much as it always has. In 1944 the family moved to Quincy, Hl. pret- and Ray, then 16, quit. school... Ray’s sister Susan, shown above in : om hee high school yearbook, is now “21 and /a: North Chicago house- wile. Another. sister, Melba, 29, “ley, where she keeps a large wood- -.. en cross-(above, right), Their moth- * lives in a $1-a-day room in Quin- er, who took the name Ryan alter ». her husband died, lies in’ a pau-*. per’s grave (right) in North Alton. ° ~ - See eee,
nine “children of George and-Lu cille Maher Ray; a Catholic family, that was to drift from. river‘ town. ‘to town. throughout the | Depres- ‘sion. When he.was one year old,: ‘the family. moved upriver.to _Quin- -cy, Ull,; when he was 6, they moved across“ the | ‘river. . to Ewing, Mo., ay a “welcome one for communities Fs with already too little to’ share, - The family even began to think of . itself, with the same carelessness “as the towns themselves had: they were Identified as the Rayns, the ‘cause “of the’ way Ray was crawled out or from confusions with past families. The children cared little in any case and often went to school under different names. Jinumy was the eldest, but he al : ready seemed to be wearing hand-'%, me-downs;. in rural: poverty,* noe _ age is ever old enough; there is af ways someone, before you. Virgil Oscar, Graves,’ who was’ principal. of the Ewing school, récalls Ray! “He was-a rebel. He rebelled ~ against authority and his approach * , to most of his teachers’ was very, bad, He always. seemed’ to have! trouble getting his assignments: tnt; on time, -But he was a, Sensitiv HW.53916 ‘Docld:32397527. Page 292 ne ke Se
| -One head-on encounter oo 3 ' : HW 53216 DecId:3 9397527 Page, 293 © 8
Ny Sx se erably” more: brusque. James. Earl” Ray was only!in the second grade by the time he was being judged a menace’ to. the Ewing community ae  Honéaty__-needs ‘watching. ; “Appeafance—repulsive. he * Ewing school System also, took note that his teeth were de- Ray was still: in the seventh grade _and -had slipped $0 far, behind so many classes that everyone's sorrl-. est” “predictions were... confirmed. * “Ray, only tried in endless scraps to, make up. for what the students, as ‘ - much’ as five years ‘younger, were ‘doing’ to him in the classroom. _He-‘was an unmanageable ‘bully. ' Once,-in a fight over.a piece of | meat -in the cafeteria, he ran a knife through his brother Jack's car. In: the sixth grade, he was . caught. stealing . the . class's hot: HW°53216 -Docld:32397527 Page 294
‘Wounded ‘anc captured minutes. and fell through a basement win- - after he robbed a Chicago cabbie .° dow. After his release. in 1954, of $11 in 1952, Ray received emer-" - Ray tried to rob a dry cleaner’s in . gency treatment (above). Trying, East Alton, Ul. This time he lost: “to escape, he had run into a dead: his shoes breaking out through the end alley, was shot in the arms. front window. Police had disabled HW 53216: Doeld:32397527 Page 29500 0 oe a oT , ee ee
are teas AW, 53216 ‘pocta:3239759% Page 2596 remembers a local resident. “I’ve seen the time when they had a 3: sack of potatoes to eat—that’ s all, just a sack of potatoes.” As they grew up, the Ray chil- dren were. either to drift. off or to ‘be. routinely placed in’ foster homes, : seldom again seeing an- - other member. of the family. Even today, Gerald Ray, a, brother,. in _ sists their father’s name: was : . ta George, while jimmy Ray's, birth ..; i i rt + certificate shows it was James, An , uncle, William —..Maher, of Alton, .. ve says of the, Rays: “We tried to. stay away from them. They-always .. . _ Besides jimmy, there were Mare . jorl e Ray (who died asia child 4. after setting herself on fire with a ; . box of matches), John, Melba, Car- ol jean, Gerald, Franklin: “Buzzy”. Delano. (who was killed in’ 1964 “when he and a girl friend. ran. : their car off a bridge into. the river at Quincy; the funeral pro- vided one of, the few Ray family 7” reunions), Susan Jane and Max, probably of chronic alcoholism; _ surviving Rays of Quincy, Melba” The -father died in 1951, most. pele mother, in 1961, Of the other \” Ray was in a sticcession of foster hemes and today spends most of . . her time in the lobby of the de- caying Virginia Hatel -on Oak Street. Occasionally, she goes. to * «her $30-a-month room upstairs lo ay parents. He. has: ‘only: his ,er’s.example. .. pe -, Susan Jane, John and Carol have now been joined with. the rest of the scattered, Ray: clan in:a_kind’ , of common. notoriety. Behind their : , locked. screen . doors, , they, give’ their laments of; :pride- and offense against: Jimmy. Ray.: But..it. is not * clear. which, the, family. members hate most: that. Ray may have been J responsible for such a hatefut act “or that their, nelghbors may now Sean the: truth of their past tives: “ in Ewing and Quincy. ‘Or that, pers. haps, after years of obscurity, and ‘estrangement, this event may, force the Rays together again. o _ , then there ts Gerald (erry) ‘Ray; who says. simply, 4 ‘Jimmy, ts my brother.” Over the’ years, ferry has been in trouble as often as Jim- _ my. But Jerry, who fives in Wheel: °: ing, UL, today has grown accus-' tomed to their separations and of . the family is probably closest to his brother, After we were grown,” _ he says, “about ihe only times PF could see hin was ‘when he, was ‘visiting me in jail or when | would. visit him. One. or. the other of us... _ was in jail most of the. time, Sinmmy ta “wrote mea low” 9. Jerry is, with his brother, a fel- low professional (“A” grocery ~ Pe CONTINUED”
” CONTINUED =. fot ‘ about $1 ,500”), so he can be cool- ly analytical about the King case. As he told the FBI when discuss- “ing his brother's motives: “Well, out to support himself so he knew ‘he would get rapped extra for would have looked pretty good to a man in that circumstance. He sure didn’t have any love for col-  ored people, | but ‘!' know. he ‘wouldn't have ‘put ‘himself"in a spot’ like . this “ unless‘ there: was something in it, for him.” Eis : the Ray children’ had spent most “of their time in ‘bed for lack of ‘heat in the’ home, which had only ‘a dirt floor. They began tearing ‘ store,” he” says, “aig: worth maybe o . $200, but a supermarket is worth © look at it this way. Jimmy’ es- caped. He had served: seven years °° -- ‘of a 20-year sentence. Because he a ‘escaped, he would be facing flat ‘time If they caught him plus more time’ on him for escaping, He > “would have ‘to steal while he was ° A: their’ last’ winter’ in “Ewing, out the inside of the house to use“: for kindling until, in early ‘spring, | “ply collapsed around them. The | Rays left Ewing soon afterward and James Earl Ray, who was then 146, ‘ ‘little more than a town nuisance ‘and an uneducated school bully, “drifted off to join the Army. Gloves circuit instead ‘of a tour of duty spent mostly in Germany, as i «an-infantryman and military po- liceman. Finally he was handed a ‘itary service.” cago, had a car repossessed in St. almost clownish series of « crimes, angry and desperate. As a hapless “Ww 53216. Dodla: 32397527 Page 297 © the remainder of the bullding s slin- _ general | ‘discharge in December * ‘1948 that. cited Ray’s “ineptness ‘: ‘and: lack of adaptability to mile. ; He lost a factory job in Chie ” ”. Special loathing: Ray’s service record is erratic. - but ‘blunt enough about the fail- , ‘ure of the following two years, If there was anything more miserable “ ‘for Ray than competing with boys - five years younger, it came in deal-. * “Ing withsmen his own age. There : “=-were enough battles to make his that. A deal with a lot of money * Army ‘career look like a. Golden as Louis and used up a bank account — "in ‘Alton ‘before heading ‘for Los. -. ~. Angeles in the fall of 1949. It was _there that he began to’commit an .; and headstrong’ victim of a de-: - pression that seemed to be lifting ~ everywhere but where he was,. James Earl Ray would have been “as effective if he had settled for - kicking tires. As it was, he chose , to hold up grocery stores... ~ # Ray ‘first tried to steal a type-_ . writer from a cafeteria office in © L.A., but was discovered by an as-..., ‘sistant manager, He got away but = . : slate prison. On. March 12, “he was released, -} ae ’ “Attempting to break into a dry cleaner’s in East Alton, Il. pn Aug. * - only after dropping his Army dis- - * charge Papers. and ‘a: ‘bank savings © _ book. Even so, he stayed around : the neighborhood until a parking - 7 ‘fot attendant recognized him and ° ~ called the cops. With no record, © only 21 and an Army veteran, R ay: " was given a 90- -day term. “Every time ‘he came back here, he got into trouble,”: says his: un-: cle, Bill Maher, in Alton.:And the _ Alton police chief, William Peter-: ; Son,” remembers « ‘the . passing through: of james Earl Ray with a. “He -was a dirty neck, ' ‘the kind” of ‘criminal. who - gets into all kinds of trouble, hates | ,- and has no. respect for the law.” - But: if Ray blundered, got caught - - and returned-only to ‘lose another - ‘ day, he did so with ersistence. | : ‘open, bing a cab driver in Chicago of $11 but was again discovered, . chased by policemen down a one-' way alley; when he ‘refused to " surrender, one of the patrolmen fired a shot, hitting him in both ‘On May 6, 1952 he tried toh. arms. Ray fell through a base- ment window, cutting his face ~ He was found guilty and :-«, sentenced to two years ‘in the °°! 1954 . 28, 1954, he lost his loafers as he kicked out the front windows. The in stocking feet, to run the “railroad ‘police began arriving and Ray => ‘turned, “across the broken glass, ‘through ‘thickets and over te tracks. The police stopped to dis-- 7 mantle the distributor on the en-. = ° but he took off again as the po- lice converged. He tried again-and then a third time to return to the car, both times failing to start it; : finally, with his feet slashed and © ' bleeding, he ran some. five miles’. toa relative's house. » "gine of his parked car. Ray circled . .,... : ‘back and tried to start the motor, °
his getaway car_so Ray ran five ‘feet—only to be arrested anyway. _- gins (top left, standing in front of . cell Ray occupied). recalls. Ray's miles home in badly cut stocking East Alton Police Chief Harold Rig- : “habit of flinching when he told a - lie “as though he’d been slapped around a fot and. was afraid of being hit.” Captain Ebert Grimes ° (left) remembers him as “a man who had no use for anything.”  HW53216 DocId:32397527° Page 298° 7. oe she has painted red,. white and . blue and detlered “rugged cross.” She once walked it down Maite ™ Street In Quincy, “Femade i,” she | ~ says, “to keep. my sanity. After what happened to Kennedy and “the war "and alk. es Ehad to turn ~week, never bothered to see Mel- -:: ba, although she lived only a ‘few...’ : miles away from the Virginia -Ho- tel until, 1965, She was a hospital * cafeteria worker, secretary and go-. ‘go dancet until marrying - an’ 'ex- “bandleader: who: now’ manages a hamburger drive-in in North Chi+ cago. Susan failed even to rec “ognize “Jimmy's picture in. the newspapers. retest s John, the next eldest after jim- my Ray, has also served prison.’ lime, for burglary. So far, he +: hasn’t been heard from, Carol is now a St. Louls: housewife ‘who called a relative lo say she was hor- of even Jeaving her home. Max, 17 years old, is living with foster: In 1959 Ray and a partner held up Mrs. Mary Wegener (above) in her Alton grocery, “t can still feel his gun in my back,” she says. “He was a vicious guy.” The part- ner was caught but Ray got away, Mab ge ‘8 95
HW, 53216" p- 5 “Those in Los Angeles who got to + winter remember him as ‘a loner °° per left), to whom Ray paid $245... a | those fresh 20s and never counted - " . know James Ray as Eric Galt last»; his change.” Tomas Reyes Lau (up- . : ‘with pleniy of cash. Songwriter ~ for a four-week bartending course, Charles ‘Stein (bottom left) .de- °° found him an apt pupil: “Self-con- ~~ scribes how “he kept pulling out: > 26 Docld: 32397527 Page 299 » fident with good hand coordina~ (righ), one of his dancing instruc: ~ ‘screwdrivers, calls ‘him “a meek tion.” By contéast’ Kathy Norton — his” evenings” ~.drinking * 50-cent- tors, remembers him as “clumsy” . kind of man’”’—except for the night _and socially inept. Bo Del Monte © he got” into’ an: argument with a : (above), bartender at the Rabbits woman about: the. race problem Foot Club where Ray often spent and loudly denounced all Negroes, Y
ah : te ‘In March 1955, Ray was arrest- ~, Louis with a new accomplice to... ed with ‘a partner for Passing * hold up a second market there. But - o forged money orders and sen-.: this time, they got only $190 ‘from |: tenced to Leavenworth Peniten-- a cashier and then were followed . Carly 1958, 5.6 \ roe x tiary, where he was released two ©. by a customer who gave police a- years and nine months later, in .tunning account as they switched SEEN cars. Their new car was later seen -house. As the police entered the I. was not until Aug. 7, 1959 that ~~. building, they spotted Ray and or- 7s Ray Kad his first success—an $800 dered him to halt. He turned and. grocery store holdup in St, Louis, = ran to his room; one of the cops“ * He and his partner both escaped. ~ followed and hit hiny over the: Encouraged, two weeks later they head with his revolver, Another chose a market in Ray's old neigh- boarder happened by and, taking ©. ‘borhood in Alton. It was hardly a advantage of the distraction, Ray «> smooth operation, The wife of. stood up and began to run, Aspae ie.” ‘the market owner remembers: frolman. fired a single shot and _ “AU first, | thought he was fool- . Ray surrendered. it took a fury > -ing around and so | started tell- | only 20 minutes to sentence him, ing him about God and then he" to 20 years'in the Missouri Stata: pulled the gun. That was all there Penitentiary. That was the fast lime was. He chased people all around James Earl Ray stood trial, - : the store. He just ran around like so rushed that Ray forgot to shut that he “had taken the handcuffs his car door and fell out as he .. off one of his wrists when Ray suc- “swerved the car sharply around a denly grabbed my arm and swung ‘corner. The car crashed and Ray. — me around against the cell hars, fled, leaving his partner behind, While | was on the floor, he tried ~~ In October, Ray returned to St. to kick me in the head, then he .>- ‘ "= =. CONTINUED HW. 53216 Docld:32397527 Page 300 parked in front of Ray's rooming. Ray, however, was not quite “a wild .man” But. the pair got “spent. After the verdict, Earl A, es $2,200. Their escape, however, was | Riley, a deputy sheriff, remembers ‘vinced his. brother “had a deal”. Wheeling, Hl, when the murder’ a a ce eaten tt , Warden Harold Swenson (above) | ' of the Missouri penitentiary from which Ray escaped a year ago rates him as “strictly a small-timer.” But . Ray's brother Jerry, 32 (left), is con." after he got out and was “onto a _ lolof money.” Jerry, himself ani ex.’ Con, was also a prime FBI Suspect in the King case until he estab-.. * lished that he. was at work. in .
CONTINUED’ tor,” where he was caught. tempts which earned him the nick- haps a source ‘of amusement, pe broke loose’ and ran to an elevae _ For the next seven years in pris- = on, Ray distinguished himself only” by a series of solitary escape al-- ‘name “The Mole.” For this quiet, , . angry figure the ventures were per- : ‘ der -.collapsed; ‘haps'a way to’ had always wanted to have happen—to rebel, be recaptured and revolt again. “Hey, kids, i's -- tried to. THE. MOLEI” Once he scale a wall and was knocked un- Louis grocery in 1959, Ray and ac- do precisely what the skinny’ schoolboy In. Ewing, | -conscious when his makeshift lad- | another time, in: “In the act tof holding ip a a complice Joseph Austin were pho-- 1966, he hid for two days in a ven- tilator shaft, then crawled to a> rooftop only to have a guard spot his hands coming up over the lop. He was ‘trying 10 escape with $4.15, razor blades, a broken mir- ~ ror anda bag of assorted pills. . Then, exactly a year. ago, | he final- .- Ly did it. tographed by a fixed- focus cam- era ‘normally . used to identify: check cashers. Austin unknowingly ” 40, looked like a man learning to - i. the curiously fit world that in- cludes a sleek, bleached strip of | North Hollywood, Eric Starvo Galt might have seemed 34 ar even 28 years old, depending on the shade, the time of day or how close he - was silting to the bar lamp at the Rabbit's Foot Club. Galt, who was stood in “front of the camera (left) ‘before he and Ray rifled the cash register of | $1,200. Then he fol’.
. . von - - ’ . . an . . ‘ « ve a rd ” 4 1 * H ae . . . ” laa) . oa . . : . ” ‘ . . ’ * + 7 .e . 4 ' . . 7 , . “4, , “ . < ae . . " ; 1 LG ESTP NRC MTNA Me MN ee = nnetenacenn Pris Was “COMMIed. TRE Rays7 once; ane ome minaret Ache aaeeciae SCRE Race in Ala armies o ee Ae an ; ih "William Maher (below),’ an Alton: : ee mee rr cr a oa easueees Pane dial Batata ok heh painting ; contractor, :, remembers oH » Jamés ‘as “the . kind ‘of: guy who; - : ge sat ne ic a ean fay. only turned. up* when ‘he want-- : iY ee ae eee & 3 ee : ay ll sc ae .ed something—like bail money." eu, wt be ets HW 53216 DocId: 32397527 Page. 302
’ : 1 . sg oy oo S ! : - , ‘ . . ' : . . * an , ‘ . - . . . ‘ : 7 ! a . “ st fs : » Ve -Page ‘303°