‘Bishop vs Conrad — ae ee es Protter vote ae “ Tele. Room Holmes ~ i i rye , an . | i i w OSWALD JOUNSTON ; [Washington Burewu of The * sun) Sion : “asked if the surveil- | BY director aud the lote ] Reap bert ship during Me, Kenn eay's ton- I", Kennedy, who was Altorney jure as Attorney Gene Washington, Jane 5—The dis- lance con tinued until Dr. King’s) Gener al when the wirelap on ‘The leiter said that “ihe only ? Closure that the FBI maintgined |4ssasination in Apri il, 2868. . Dri ing was initiated. “* |wiretap authorizations which * a telephone tap on the Rev. Mar- | Richar t Nic sols, the FBI, CAH wiretaps utilized by thelwere ever submnitied” to Mr. tin Lathe: ey King, Jn, during the! agent who. carried [out t the sur “SRL! jave always been approved,|Kemedy involved ‘ ‘serious na- last four years of his life again Vell ance during 1654 and 1955,/in writing in advance, by thel tional security cases.? throws info question the relation 74 rde no audible reply, buf nod. I\{lorney General,” Mr, Hoov er}. The charge and counter charg a4 ; : ay . t ‘ [ship between J, Edgar Hoove: ded, _ wrote then. -" boetween the FRI director’ a ‘and bis nom! ; | In Sekar to anol! eV GUCSTON wpe former Aitor ey {Justice Depar ; , oe ing to a pati icy est E ore tec ea me ann arene i Lied “eporl servellianes y . " Hoove : s removed froin the ass “|ment in pan 1805, Siu y eg ard ing a FBY taps dis- The Washington Post Times Herald ance.” He did n wah las lie i : Approva al Neede mm ‘res pons! _ Casper -— Callahan t Way chy Jatlye Nowe . EXP stan f further what he me . ner i lee The eee Daily News ; -The order” further’ The Johnson directive. ¥ idespread clec uw OSashincian) i Q u a psunerlepoyy + ee thairo! ap then ine . saad A , c CaVESGT Gppi 5eh.3! ; fa be contint cal mith ng the use fearrled out during the early; day Star (Washi: ato ) . * re ay Sir Y ing Shs a ~ retap ea opping Hides, Daily News (New York) Sunday News (New York) ne agents, was Cates ed |'fo counter the Hoover lefler t . ~ . wal 3 closure of New York Post aiely en ae bur Cau, The Sun (Baltim re) _f = ] Sn eet eR cena * The Daily ¥ nn ee enn arene een “NW 55097 Docld:32989551 Page 265 ae ee The New York Times $e
- rather bloody-minded people in Lagsh action and reac- _ tion” ps been obscured by “a Hoof historical am- ers, since this obscuration 1S 5 stl very much nesia,’ “pullicul ab uiiesia’ We would lixe to think we are a "peace-loving people; at- the same time we insist on venting our hostility on any individual or nation that questions our Virtue and the superiority of our ways. ~. The Wall Street Journal (June 9) takes issue with ‘the “commission on several points. “So far from being bloady- minded,” it says editorially, “the average citizen is ap- palled and deeply saddened at the violence he is constant- ‘ly reminded of both at home and on the distant battlefields of Vietnam.” The violence at home may indeed sadden “him, although it probably frightens him more and makes him inclined to ‘resort to- wiolence of his own——certainly the enormous sales of guns to individuals indicate as _ much, But as for Vietnam, only a small part of the Ameri- ean public is concerned about the agony thai has beea “inflicted on the Vietcong and the North Vietnamese. ~ Reports from the front that artillery and air strikes have killed several huadred of the enemy, at the cost of a few American lives, cause no public outery. One would think that only Americans were human, The Pentagon coun- :. tered a recent rise in the weekly American casualty total '- With a statement that half a million of the enemy had been killed. Half a million, in a country so small! Not a murmur was heard from all those “a appalled and sad- dened” ciuzens The Wall Street Journal knows about. _ Ina dispatch from Sa aigon in The Christian Science ‘Monitor (June 4), Elizabeth Pond provides some figures on American violence as applied in Vietnam with no result except the virtual ruin of the southern half of the country. The caption.of the story says that there are cur- rently 1.3 million refugees in South Vietnam and the gov- ‘eminent appropriates one-third of 1 per cent of the na- . tional budget to helping them. The policies of the govern- ment of South Vietnam can be controlled by the govern- * ment { the United States; we have proaf here that we not only resort to larve-scale violence for phaniasmal . ends but do noi even trouble ourselv es - the damage. - This. war has produc ed, Jeast 4 million refugees, “and 1 no ene Knows ‘ according to Miss Pond, “at 300,000 physically disabled, OO orphs dahingua: it has ions of two years : it sul is horr . Of course many Americans are r urbed by all this * Some are actually trying to ‘ameliorate the distress. “An entire nation is bei ing destroyed,” asserts t ie White Paper of the American Priend 8 Service Committee, but this cam- pission docs not go down-to the grass 5 roots, The animosity against Brown's dictum was GuipH+ fied by the fact that it was true. The COMIMIUSS!OiT'S report will be viewed more tolerandly but probably it will not be as long remembered, HW 55097. Docld:32989551 Page 266 to repair some of social}. 2 { ’ . 7 ; . nad . : . Justive Holmes once said all that ever need be said puboul wire tapping when he referred io it as “a diriy ibusiness.” But some taps, of course, are dirtier than j others, A prime example is the wire tap that the *. laintained on, the late Dr, Martin Luther king, J By idence offered at the Cassius Clay hearing in Houstos indicates that the taps began as early as 1965 and were. ' maintained until Dr. King’s death on April 4, 1968. fr is Clear also that the taps were maintained after President Johnson, on June 30, 1965, ordered an end to wae tapsy except those ordered by the Attorney General in “na- tional security” cases. The mind bogeles at the notion that Dr. King, a Baptist minister. (Ph.D., Boston Univer- .” sity, D.D., Chicago Theological Seminary), Nobel Prize winner (1964), founder of the Southern Christian Leader- eran a, oy —s. a ship Conference, could have been involved in activities iI that, in the view of J. Edgar Hoover and former Attor- | j{ ney General Nicholas deB. Katzenbach, may have con- : | stituted a threat to. the national security of ‘the United, . Incredulity is ent hanced by a clear indication of what it was that prompted Mr. Hoover to request authorization of “this particular wire tap. District Judge Ingraham, whe : is conducting the Clay hearings in Houston, would not permit PBF agent Robert Nicols to explain why Dr. Kise was under surveillance, but he did let him testify that the surveillance—that is, the particular surveillance which Nicols supervised—occurred at a time when Dr, King was attacking the FBI for assigning Southern rather than Northern. agenis to civil rights investigations. The in- on ference is that sharp criticism of his actions is 1 regarded = * ‘by Mr. Hoover as a threat to national security. a! In an entirely legitimate attempt to secure an official explanation, the Chicago Daily News propounded a series of questions to the FBI: “Why was Dr, King’s as Dr. phone tapped? Did J. Edgar Hoover approve? W: annem | King considered a security risk?" In each instance the - answer was: “No comment.” , Not merely is the pe entitled to an explanauoa ° the kind sought by the Daily News, failure to prove: it will encour: rage sh 2 Gthe lit elous and ridiculous ¢ King was a Co mmunist.” On June 2, Rari charees and, in doing so, demanded tha i { tthe files of the FB] on Dr. King be made public. To this (June 5) by placing in the Record ma i to Dr. King. But nothing will sfener R: :| WHO again returned to the aueeck with- this comme | “Public acknowle dement that Martin Luther King it : sname or under FBI surveillance can be accepted in only one i Ton TILE NATION/Jinie 23, 1959 .- : ge
TENN a DES Site, | Most of. these people will joo paaie Le, headiines and os i imp shave rol lied past and vehen the ; nity, gual >| blaxing Neht of uruih is fo- : for ineir spiriis. used on S MAarveigus age, led from Montgomery, 1 for their spas is cused Oo ee Cons ase 7 TUES Osta, ea S-swisn|ess ot ai what sel - 4} UR wnrien we ive—men an This is a-| H tered 2 ‘have torn down f women will know and chil- eeearecs i niered can build | taught that we y eT ENGL, petne peaneememers ogy Pith ENT. i re: Ser . i » overcome their com- | j) Mien problems. ‘ xia. [ Faith Is Affirnied © - et 7 "I aecept. this award. today | s io whom ; ayth os tease | con uth and truth, | Tats faith can give us cour- beauty—and in whose eves ' awe to face the uncer ‘tainties to he beauty of genuine broth- Of Une future. It will give our j terhood wand. peace is mor 4 ¥ | i yes- out ui that debilitat- i : n Hs ~ : wtp Pa : oy on faith i #) ured feet new , precious: than Giamgndew or o future of man-:} #} continue our : ér or gold, . e-to accept the | Hi toward the city of TE = Se ness” af.| vi When ourdays becom re makes | He with low-hoverin ig clouds and - i y incapable . of t Ri our nights become darker up.for the eternal fj] inan a thousand ridni : | we will Know that we are liv- Lt: y ing in the creative turmoil of | : a gemuine civilization strug- (|: gling to be born. - . Today I come to Oslo as a trus inspired and with re ss” that forever con: i i t use ‘to accept the idea : that man is mere flotsam and | i jetsan: in the .river of life | | i Fea a eee ia that | newed dedication to humani- : : ae oe ee ate ty accept this -prize on . mitt i] mankind is so tragically Ya accept men Eno love | vy . 4 : A - tay co ; ; obo ~ reienting on neste: toamove: | bound to the Starless ming Gy peace and brotherhood. I say has : ; the ime ot vracism and ‘ ar. tha ney T come as a trustee, fer in the : pe and brothernood bright daybreak of peace and |. 7 c Naber pine, essence of het aoe can nevet * depths of om heart “tam! _ ‘ : aware tha ris prize is much! |  Afier contem plat ion, I cons ii ‘I refuse to aécept ‘the eyn- aware that t am is mu “| ay) } } rey ye 3 after nore than an honor to meé,i y clude that this award which |f.ical: notion that nation after personally. i | ft received on behalé or that 14 nation must spiral down: RD ever y time I take a light | )movement is profound recog- /{ militaristic stairway into the /° aver & TS i ition that nonvicience is the } hell of thermonuclear -de- many people who niake a answer to the crucial political || struction. I believe that un- successful journey. possible, |: and moral question of our jj armed truth and uncondin | Pee i yoy re, : Line ine need for man_ to, ||: tional love: will have the final the known pilots and the un-— - ssion and vio- }i word.in reality. This is why , known ground crew. ee ting to | ! right temporarily defeated is So yon honor the dedicated I am always’ mindful at the ¢ d' oppr sion. | stronger than evil trinmphant, pilois of our struggie who |! ation and violence are I believe that even amid | .'. have sat at the controls as antithetical concepts. Negroes || today’s mortar. 7bursts andj -the freedom movement soared. of the United States, follow- {| whining” bullets, there is: still into orbit.: You honor, once’ ing the people of India, have |} hope for a brighter tomortow. | > again, Chief (Albert) Lithuli demonstrated that  nonvio-- Wot believe that wounded ji { | _ of South Africa, whose strug- /jence is not sterile passivity, tice, lying prostrate on. the gles with and for his peaple, ut a powerful moral ferce |') blood- flowing streets of - our sare Stil met, with the most which makes for social trans-°|,{ ations; can be lifted from ; bruial expression of man’s in-' formation... Sooner or later, a dust of shame to EIgT humanity te. man. all the people of the world. preme-antong the: chi: sdren of You honor the ground crew will have to discover a way to {|} menw.-... a — without, Avhose laborsqrtSac- live together in “peace, and | | : Sy '_ rifiges the jetflights to free- thereby transform this pend. jf: 2 . Sy dony could never have left the : ing cosmic elegy into-a crea- | ? eo -O earth. ee ae tive psalin of brotherhood. ‘ . i ; . : Co . oo ss Ig this is to be achieved, man must evolve for/aH hu- ‘ a man conflict a method.wh - : . rejects urecenge, aggression cana. rtlaliation. Phe founda-. tion-of such a method is love.. ; : . : so , . ‘ . os . Fy MW 550937 Doold: 32989551 Page 267° 63 0 owe wT z
~ ¢. H j - . i - Bs e t ot . - 1 : : t 2 ; : _ 4 i MG * « i . , * . oe 4 , fr t . t ‘ é v aay : . way : * . J : ; nw 55097 DoclId: 32989551 , Page 266 “Marin Luther To Give Agency ‘the PBI, and the Rev, incidents in Albany, Ga., in con- complaints hy Negroes and civil rights workers in that cily. But the issue goes deeper. It" involves the effort of organized Eroups: ta pressure governments al agencies into taking action {o meet protests’ based upon pas- sion and cnistional feclings, yrather than on the rules of law | Which require substantial evi- idence before arrests can be made. ; The effort to convert the FBI into a pelitical agency is not ew. It kas been | Independent evident inl the FBI Urged activdtics * of other pressure a groups from time to time, Soon- noe er or later, the FBI will have fo } be made an agency separate. } from the Department of Justice, nection with the handling of. “King ‘Incident Underwrites Need ~ 4 Jependence, Says Writer > By DAVID LAWRENCE % 4 , . ae WASHINGTON, Nov,20 — On the surface, it may Took as jf. oo the current controversyLbetween J, Edgar Hoover, director of -. eT Martin Luther Negro organization, merely concerns O : i pau igh . unless the department itself be. Pesoment hat tee ee ets . ‘ j Comes an independent agency, confronts the FBI in connection For when it cores to the op. 7 vip the measures that might : erations of the law, the CUZERS | pane been taken to protect the. . a nwpect enforcement tobe fair late President Kennedy against | . 3 “A impartial. an ies the | #SSassination. Tt is natural for: ; ma . A case which ilusiraies the jie FBI ector-lo resent the mo, cailtion that the FRI exercises criucism of his agency made . can be cited in connection with in’ the report of the “Warren . the investigation of the murder | Commission. For, as Mr. Hoover : of three civil righis workers in! told his : this . . ; Mississippi a few mont azo. ij i ke . a The FEI, according to i 4 ion which has -heen ugh officiais, h in that case certain ; of an incriminat 4 the making. of waich could ; obtain convictions. Law enforcemen ly talitarian . The Federal court leased pr that thes were +i terrogated before raigned, = - Under the ext SYC2Meni, arly are noi . i Cases ¢ © WHE ¥ ai King Jr.) head of a leading - a question of veracity about such complaints. Mr.. Hoover's reply was that the - majority. of FBI.agents in the. South - are Northerners, and that four of the five agents in Albany. were born in the Notth, . The FBI ditector conceded that there. have been. difficulties _. with local authorities, some of whom, due to their prejudices, . . are lax in law enforcenient in- , 4 volving violations of civil rights. But the FBI has no authority over the State and local -police,- - and.has to depend on -their vol- untary ‘co-operation, In cases where the local police cannot be . relied upon, the FBI may in- . crease its forces. But this does . not ‘mean that it can always gather énough evidence ‘to bring 2 : a Case against all persons sus. ft ance, e. he rides down city 42 open auto. The j al somehow the F for ou arren Com- Invimate rad MY. Herald T. precau- 4 ereranas 4 a)