t Nw 55037 Decid: 32939551 Page 256 | jContinued From Page 1, Cal. S watched the ceremony from ' pressio: and vicienea cvithoul Stepped forward to congratu-| i resorting to Violence and op- jate Dr. King. pression.” Sneaking for “minutes in a slow, desp voice that tilled the marble hall at. ‘Osin University, Dr. King said ithat he had come to Oslo as a “trustee” far the “himidle children” ac the civil rights movement “who were willing fo suffer for lig nteausness” sake.” “T think Alfred Nobol would know what I mean when I say thet Laccen this geri bbe ye ae we “8g 2 cious heirloom which he holds in trust for its true owners- -all those to whom truth is beau- ily and beauty truth-—and in «Whose eyes the beauty of gen- suine brotherhood and peace is more precious than diamonds, ior silver or gold.” he dectired. The Negro leader is the third, sof his race to win the award. ‘The first was Dr. Ralph J. Buwhe, fm tis werk as a Unit- ‘ed Nations Under Secretary, and’ the seroma was Chief Albert Luthnali of Seth Africa, Dr. King was haved hy Gun- nar Jann, the charman of the Norwezrin ParHiments Nebel Cahcpattes as an “andinnted champion oF peace” 2 do the “first Pursom im the Western warkl to have shen vu. that a strucetea can be waged without Dr. Jahn spcke in Norvegian fer more than hiulf an hry de sertbing Jn. Kine's barkeround . and his fieht tor civil richts.: He said thet though Dr ‘has net persanaiiv ene ace iting seedttudd himself to the international eon.’ fet, Ris own struzgv is a’ elarion call for all who work for. peace,” Steadfustuess Praised Ta tose tag hw we . » . a roy? a au tai att ae aa léas Res never tattered” . jer? a ik a 'y . bei Inedal and dipioma to Dr. hing as the awloenes af sce rar stood ami ip-, Peotone reranny, Hiren, talted ylare en the gine vergary of the death in 1+% as Pl woe PNew Vottyaa ce nee 7 . *” Gods Se ae Ok uo oon Swedssh citizen. | After Dry King’s a. tanned VT} AYPMRA speech the orchestra of the DR. WONG AGGHP | Ny) ‘Norwegian Broadeitstim sys- tem played excerpts from George PRIZE AS TR a THY Gershwin's “Porgy and Bess.” hi ) A Lia Then Sing Olav and Crown Prince Harald. who had seats in the center of the aisie, Among those in the party of 30 accompanying Dr. King tor Euvore were his father and) mother, Mo. and Ars. Martin, Luther King Sr.. from  <At- lanta, Ga.t a sister, Mrs. Chris- tine Farris, an _d a brother, the Rev. A. D. King of Birming- han, Ala. . The ceremony of awarding the peace prize is ahways held wb me tage ater Muiel Pages die sanded out in Stackholm, According to Dr. Nobel's will, the peace prize winner is selected by a five- member committee that is chosen by the Norwegian Par- Hament. Recinients of the other prizes are selected by Swedish learned societies.
Ge Uhev. 7-17-35) wis or £ at f @ Es hes LAA ! ‘The Department of Justice has come forward with - “nn appalling paradox: entrusted with enforcement , of the Federal laws, if holds iself to lic outside the ambit of those laws; committed to the championship, | of the United States Consti itution, it holds itself to _ be freo from the vestraints of that fundamental - charter, Expressly, the Depariment declared on | . Friday that it: possesses legal power—despite a clause of the Constitution and an Act of Congress {fo ihe contrary, and without bothering to obtain judicial authorization in ady ance-—-fo carry on elec- {ronic surveillance of any s of orgaulz who, jn ifs opinion, may be seeking to “attack and “subvert the Government by unlawful means.” No more pernicious notion hes ever been pro- ‘ _ pounded by 3 an agency of the United States Gov- ernment, merabe Vales What this comes down to js a bald asser- flion that the Depar tment can take the Jaw into its > own hands whenever if thinks the national security jis threataned—from within or from without. Last Ww ca in ae Federal District Court in Chicago, the iDepart ment disclosed that it had er mployed wire- ta ping or bugging devices to monitor conversa: — {ions of the antiwar activists who were inaicted for inciting riots an ms Democratic National Conv enti ion Past August. What is the Department's j i _fion? “Any Presid ent who fakes serious ily} {a ‘preserve, protect and defend the Consti | ihe Department asserts, “will no doubt ¢ that it is not ‘unreasonable’-fo utilize els surveillance fo gather intelligence infor) nation con- : cerning those organizations which are committed to the use of iegal methods to bring souk ens an in our form of government and which may } ing to foment viclent disorders.” rr onditions under could be authori rumen! ef Justice anpears to he save e Constitute and the Crim : ignored | whenever th ie  Presic iG a’, 1 vents, MeGGS to being . 2 HW 35037 Doold: 32959551 Page 257 Au Uy al ‘olson Woict at “De Loach cs £2 Trotter _ Tele. Room "Holes — Gandy ae The Washington Post A Times Herald : ue ied c Seminar Aint a The Washington Daily News The Evening St The Sunday Star (Wa Daily News (New York Sunday News (New York) ar (Washington) : meten) New York Past .The New York Times The Sun (Bal re) Date - kee Dan Me
HW 35057 "the Aosta 0 of this standat ard 1 than ils ¢ application who. sired 1 up disor der dn the streets of * Chicago 7 (If the President or the Department’ of Justice can : see a threat to the Nation’s security in that tawdry,-: ‘loose-lipped cabal, it can see a threat in anything. ".Andifa supposed threat to national security can” justify setting aside the Constitution and the law : respecting electronic eavesdropping, why can it. not be used to justify setting them aside for any jother purpose the President and the Department of.- Justice may deem expedielit or convenient in th ie ' protection of national security? Will th ey some day think it not “unreasonable” to set aside the: prohibitions against: arbitrary arrest or against: random physical searches of citizens’ homes or Ms against Imprisonment without irial or against sup-" ression of speech deemed dangerous? What the: ‘Department of Justice has so plandly enunciated is. the rationale of dictatorship. It is the justification of every despot from Caligula to Adolf Hitler, . ‘Nod of years, 1 tion of the law and Martin Lather King and of FE} Black Bluslim leader, for example. lt is beside the |point if, as the FBI now a ets, the Attern eral, at that time Robert . Kennedy, auti the eave froppin ig; No rney General had (author ‘ity to do e ie Of n iG? mch does this in direct ng and tap- Fs) ping ‘could he done under court 0: dor For the’ ice to assert now thet ft may bug: {Department of dusij 4 : retion Is to unde PO atte ea nat EO nmr tman meneame tt erect, erat ang DocTd: 32989551 Page 256 Ls 1g nothing whale y ever to do with national security. It bugged and tapped the homes and hotel rooms of the Rev. Dr. - ijah Muhammad, the Congress, in’ etn eieiaiebtiands theta) fe Sn Ne a ge 1 NR . rere tenant ee te ene et ey ay treater . rm gente ctnerr ence sem tt nt ney . et ABE Th en SN Pe a See Aa el ag Okie: mentee Enter een aceryng,
7 NW 55097 QLG9 (ev, 7-17-05) \ . . oe! . the late Dr. King was lappe :d in the field of inter-; “has also refused. her the FBI has: telephones or: omes of other civ-; lenders such as Rey: the ng of tt Natio e, the Rev. Ral of he Christi an Lead ence, or Jas phone of Tanther “strictly nal security bie SHY whe i ‘ped “the heh ner, for Commitee ont and (bet ant secre! ; % 7 : Eetucatior nd Welfar are. : t In a curt exchange of letters i ath ‘ter, Tolson | {hat in reveal. | he wiretap on King - rorized by the late’ canedy, the © EET’ | : eam. soa PY Whit! Doold:32989351 aigt we central to my cohuae has been obscured by the “Hoover or “Kennedy?” con overs” Yrat my point that He FBI can, dees and will tap the phone or bug the dwelling of just ‘about any American in the name of “internal security,” Rather than meet this point, he “RI wants the. on King beceu sesses tape recordings photographs that it thi; ‘blacken King’s reputation. A signiticant polirutatwesrs: neebueging controversy to and rs will .. (folson has carefully neg- lected to comment on my re fport that for years the “FEI has had a_ small agents and ali country whispering - about King. ) FBI strat sumption pirblic ‘already ers automatically rees who turn aut to-h of clay, and still uthe quick to adopt a than-fhou pasture and the first stone. The 10it secs to be tha AY can I peapte tral che he 1 fh BI fou id de i ne for me to re- ye read ine Fol te Page 259 peer Oe ee dee Se A tee ote cee een esden tm enne “. Rosen Su Avail Tavyel - Trotter —.—__— Tele. Room — Holines -—— iar Gandy —-) The Washington Post Times H erald —__ . - The Wa ashington [ail The Evening Star ane i io . The Sunday Star Gashingio iy | Daily News (Ne: wv York) . jbhee Sunday NS Yorkd “. New York The New York Times 2 « Post un (Rattimere) The jhe on i | i j i i } 5 \ i £ 4 ¥ : ‘ s t i , e
vue nee a ere a a ee RS 8 re nangaeeenwene St neers en amen et OR iene ars ane te NW S5097 _Claim that it w as ‘ is: powe ful, police agency be periaitted ¢ Ameri fan's: tel ne his . home, . sneak clecirg nic de. vices ‘into his hotel reco ems, just. foecause somone jn-the Jus- pice Deparhnel Giooy er, “Kennedy or whocver) thinks: he has “Communist asso ciates’? Ought not there bet the safesu: ad of some court. § concluding that somer“Giexe: al * resent danger aan such an invasion of a free: man's privacy?’ . eet so id pres: - 5 Was there a “cle: ; { would ent danger” tha end r lie natio uu oe “why cid ie ¢ Ee he ¥ BI clainis it discontinued Whe Wiretap? King was: cing. the same “dangerous” Pes le! for almost three years after ' he answer is thet certain ‘buggings and other surveil re ance of King did not end in: April 3965, AS atop govern. * [ment official, Lread FBI sur- eveillanc c repor ts on King ; the date when Hoover -Says the wiretaps he ‘c ended. -, & The ans j a FBI... RWHIT not Jater ; surveillance because it cannot - by Alfornevs Genera DeB Katze i Clar’s, both ara ds a fundamen ul the King affe she SUDA AAR TT ete le ge ety ‘Docla: 32989551. Page: glong .- Me ean ft amareeuane eet ‘ r woth Mae ope eye, SPT eben ret le gate een weg
Nw 35057 AN INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER. ‘..R Contempt of Law  - - 4 Why did the Federal Bureau of Investigation tap the telephone of the late Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.? The tapping was disclosed, beyond any con- tradiction, in testimony given on Wednesday in a Federal District Court. It violated an Act of Con- - gress, the Federal Communications Act. It vio- lated the repeated assertion by FEI Director J. Edgar Hoover that his agency tapped telephones only in national security cases. John S. Martin, an attorney in the U.S. Solicitor General's office. acknowledged in cour rt that the civil rights leader had been under FBI elecironic surveillance in 1964 and 1965 and that the four FBI wiretaps made of telephone conversations in which he participated were illegal. There can be no doubt whatever as to the illegality of these wiretaps. In point of fact, the Government did not choose to contest their illegality. ‘\ Mr. Hoover has said many times th taps xno telephones without express authorizat! from* the Attorney General. Did Nicholas deB. ‘atzenback, a distinguished cham civil rights. authorize surveillance, in clear ¥ Hole tion of Docld: 32989551 Page 261 MONDAY, JUNE 9, 1969 law, of the country’s most respected civil rights leader? - a“ Mr. Hoover has said pany: Aimes, in congressional hearings and in publi¢ s statements, that his agency taps no telephones exept in cases affecting the country’s security. Will he assert that he believed the Rev. Dr, Martin Luther King presented a peril to national securitv? He has indicated on past occasions that be takes an elastic, and sometimes a yery confused. view of national security. But Mariin Luther King? It is no light matter to have the Jaw flouted by the country’s foremost investigating agency. Con- tempt for the.law by public agencies and public officials breeds contempt for the law by the public itself. Worse still, a contemptuous disregard for the privacy and the’ essential freedom of Amecican citizens strikes dangerousiv at the foundations of American life. The American people cannot afford to let J. Edgar Hoover be a jaw unto himself, no ice a et a matter how valuable his past public service. A. people © careless of funda ights can hardly be said to deserve tnose r all.
An FBI agent 22 years, Nr} chols said he was supervising @ the Atlanta surveillance.of King: when, 4 conversation with Clay yand Eskridge was recorded, Sept. 4, 1964. . The summary quoted Clay as . advising ibe civil rights leader| . a to take care ‘of himself and an “watch out for them Wwhiteys.” ; Martin said the three cther admitted suza=maries were pre- |pared by FBI agelits in Phoe- nex, AYiz. .- HOUSTONS ted. (AP)~ Cassius Clay returried to court today to hear Federal Bureau of Investigation agehts testify how they eavesdroppied cn conversa- tions of the former heavyweight champion with the late Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and with Elijah Muhammad, head of the ; . re Black Muslims. us oo ry Pickett, an FBY agent, . testified today that he recorded the conversations be-! tween Clay and Muhammad in Phoenix, Ariz., from mid-i962 to mid-1966.. He said the eaves- dr opping was carried out both by wiretapping and-other de- rices, FBI agent Robert Nichols of jAtlanta, Ga., testified yesterday a that electronic surveillance ot King ‘vas in progress as early 41964. imd an investigation of the Biack Muslims began as early {as 1958, U.S. Distri ct Jud ige Joe Ingras! ham admitted into evidence surnmaries of four taped conver-, sations after government law.’ yers acknowledged -the tapes nad been recorded illegally, He refused to admit a fift summary,-on the ground disclo- sure of its co nent could endan- ional Court 1 Tec a 1987 con ied toe con- : : 2 Ww “y faslim officials— Herbert: FO OC ae . Muh ammad. brother of Elijah, . . , Pe . and Clay's. boxing manager; | oo ; John Ali, Uuslness er for ‘ ne : the sect, vy Esk- ridge, lawver for a : ae The Washington Post. . . ee Se Ba Fe G9 . ns Ss ae Fan jah and former} “ counsel for King. - v NW.55097 -Docld:32989551 Page 262. -- Dem tees es pape sn BO
THE WASHINGTON POST Wednesday, June 11,1969 4 97 —— TEN 9 mt i ‘ing ‘Lape’ Kmerges R To Underline FOR SEVERAL years a piece of Washington apocry- pha known as “the Martin/ Luther King tape” was the” subject of sly and ugly sur- mise among certain journal- istic insiders. There are ' those who claim to have had The Tape played for them j by obliging law enforcement - officials. Others are said to have been given transcripts of a gathering, bugged by Government investigators, at which Dr. King and friends were present. Tt was one of those repug- nant but -enduring stories tha! cling to controversial pubtic figures. The FBI and Justice Department stead- fastly denied knowing any- thing specific about elec. tronic surveillance of Dr. King. Shoulders would shrug, evebrows would areh knowingly, fingers would point discreetly in oiher directions. And FBI Direc- tor J. Edgar Hoover con- tented himself with attack- ing the civil rights leader as “the most notorious liar in the country.” Naw the unseemly truth is out. IL emerged in the form of sworn testimony by FBI agents in a Houston Fed- urtiroom in ri one of FBE cle tioned rooms the private conv * this prominent istened to sations of American 3 e without the faintest shred of: legitimacy or. cause. WW: 55097 sufficient ° Docldy32989551 “Page 263 _ Svan ee ‘T WAS told to write down whateyer-Lheand that I would Gonsider of value,” testified FBI agent C. Barry Pickett in words that should be engraved on some monu-- ment to curdime. After four years of eavesdropping eight | hours -a day, five days a week on the telephone con. versations of Black Muslim leader Elijah Muhanimad, Pickett v elevated from clerk to agent Why was Dr. King under. Surveillance? No one has said. But it may ‘be signifi- cant that the Snooping began at a timé when he- criticiezd the FBI for ‘assj ing Southern agents to 7 lect .civil rights workers’in the South. It is'also irgie tnat this. seemingly gratii- tous ‘invasion of Dr. Kinz personal life’ occurred at a time when Many high-rank. 2n- O- n a Dativer to Liberties werae dMawood..-- ® Laurence Stern and IZ m Legend — S -/ing menibers of the Justice ’ Depavtmert would have ex- ressed nothing less than + 4 roaring autrage at the thought. that his phone was being tapped by Govern- ment agents. It was the .time, in other words, when Robert F. Kennedy was At- torney General of the United States. After the disclosure last week, there was an under- .Standable rush to disavow responsibility for electronic pursuit of Dr. King. Former Attorney - General Ramsev Clark denied authorizing any Wiretaps or bugs against Dr. King or Elijah Muham- mad while he headed the Jus- tice Departinent. His prede- .- cessor, Nicholas deB. Katzen- bach declined to say any- thing publicly, Did Robert Wennedy know? The FBI's only re- corded comment on the af- oners to Hoover's testimony over a period of vears that each bug was authorized in writ- installation by ing before timony as “a respect.” Tn FBI is savin nedy knew. curity” investigations, In his testimony. Hoover speaks of “internal security” matterd., - What constitutes “internal security,” this column asked of an FBI spokesman. “ft ‘has to spéak for itself,” he- replied, There is a spectacular am- biguity about it all, Attorney General John N. Mitchell now intends to use the authority conferred on him by Congress last vear to use wiretaps in the wide va- riety of cases -permitted under the new Omnibus Crime Act..  : When you consider the scope of the blatantly illegal Wiretapping carried out by Government agents during the past few years it boggles the mind to consider how pervasive ial snooping might become once it was legitimized by local courts ple, iv4 warrants, all t- seven of them in New York where authorities used Wiretapping -for such sus- pected mses as larceny: and ga plaie th tronic d
- By LYLE DENNISTON .. “Star Staff€ Writer . A top official of the FBI has claimed that official wiretapping on Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. ad the advance approval of the tate Atty. Gen. Robert F. Ken- nedy. * Clyde A. Tolson, the bureau's associate director, defended the ‘legality of the much-criticized tapping of King's phone in a atter dated Monday. The letter | Rowan, Star, answer was sent to Carl T. a columnist for The and was intended as anj to an article Rowa te far last Sunday’ 3 edition, | | Hnover for the electronic spying oh ‘King. A copy of the letter was sent to the editor of The ster | “For your information,” ‘Tol son wrote to the columnist, “the ‘iretap on Martin Luther King) Jr. was specifically approved in: advance in writing by the late) ttorney general of the United tates, Mr. Robert. F. Kennedy.” First Revealed in Houston "Polson added that the monitor sirie tly Laat therefore, was within the br avi-| ion laid down by the then Presi- 1 dent of the U nited States.’ The f irst public revelation that ad been the subject of etapping came earlier! hom a n Houstonn. Nichols, a in the FBI cffice in A h a Robe met S83 Ort ecaos fag ta, testified ihat he nad. supe ‘vised a device attached to the elephone lines al King’s home! NW 55097 *Decla:i 3298 columnist that Hoover had been |o; his successor, Nicholas deB: le wietep c — by permitting Kaizenbaals. e wiretap on King’s phone. Ro- wok: wan. directly accuse 1 Hoover of. Katzenbach could not be} L e of contempt for the! co. So] law.” ; _ | [reached immediately for com-! Branding this a “malisious”| iment.on ¢he matter. ane and ‘“‘scurrilous”: article, Tolson’ | Aides ti ‘Kennedy suggesied in they RES Tespon 1sib federai court! ¢, 7 es attorn ‘Tf the wiretapping had ihe ‘spe- Evans, now a Wa cific approval of the attorney yer, ‘said last night that he sim- general, and if.it was usedas : “ply “had no ‘recollection about |-: part of a “national security” ‘n- whether a wiretap authorization j. vestigation, it apparently was |directed at King had ever been not operated in violation cf legal jinvolved in nis “discussion with restrictions. in effect: at, the time. Kennedy. a Interest Said to Flag If the King wiretap was: in- 7 stalled any time during 1964, tand if it did have approval. by. the attorney general, that could have come only from Kennedy Row an Blasts Heover -Tolson’s letter seemed clearly designed to show that both, as- pects of legality had-beea met by the -FBI.- His letter was prompted by comments by the invited Rowan to give his an- | swer wide publicity. i. The. FBI's new defense. of it- || 4 i self seemed likely to start a new last night that, during 1964, the period aftsr the assassinatior of this brother, President John. F. ‘Kennedy. the attorney general’s round. of public dispute over the: interest in some. of his otal official responsibility f for the use; ! i Lofe electronic listening devi cas ‘affairs flagged. At the time. Katzenbach, was: ‘Department. \, ' A jater attorney  general,! iRamsey Clark, has told repert-|: jers that he personeliy had never]: i i: senator from public charge so ral ior wirele as opposed to direct wire iap, for on i no Plank also has said investigation. en King the FBI to teil him. ev-! ery three months the names of| Kennedy Released Letier 1 peonle being iitored eleciron-j. At that time, the late senator. ically and the King's s name was!" made public a letter to him never ‘reported to him in "that! ed. Feb. 17, 1966, from Coun category . who had been assist-: meee i ctor while kennedy . eneral.. ; While Kennedy relied on that: letter io heip him I i eee that the use. of No Document Included the wire ‘apping h rad contin} until shortly King’s} it- would have: been in before on, .T olson is lebter serious national security cases.! ithe’ specific document upon j { Thereafter, individual iy cases -which the claim of authorizat ion: lin these serious nationa! security! apnarently was based.’ cases for wirétan at uthori inal on) ihe Testimo ny at Houston} t were ‘Sent to yousby i hearing ‘appeared ‘to: indicate! ‘for approval. These. were the 7 arr . er ‘only wiretap authorization whien! (D8! Ring? tae tne SUDS: were ever si ‘bmitted toyous ject. of the investigauion, and) \ u be to you." t that this was the reason that his) ee telephone had been tapped for’ . iong periods of time. yt, . weeet it 9551 “Page 264° - . ° . . . When he. had repeatedly told 1! Kennedy deputy at the Justice; ; A Justice Department spokes-i ‘man, asked whether there was! -any document to support’ the!. ‘selaim in Jolson’s letter, ‘declined, ‘a direct answer last night. How-: ever, the spokesman referred to; t va statement issued by the. de-) / partment earlier this. month “which: had said that Hoover was} “accurate in every respect’) Congress .all wiretaps had been: authorized ,in’ advance .and in! writing by: the attorney genera! vin office at the time the tapping) : i | avas proposed. The spokesman thus appear ed: to be implying that Tolson’s let- -ter also was an accurate de- scription of authorization. s. g& Star 69 ¢ a = |] 6 Al The Evenin: — i | { 1 i ; t { 3: | {