wo 290 (Rov. TL TE 75 | 1a Paeh tn nc babs rove rental hiro dd b LetiNrrt sii coastn tke pina amaivybbbnshhtiaheisntt Stdwedations halaman (heen ® Dane dabnnoent? omy rm rs fo T™! 7 Bl ¥ a i Nip Sat gat ea ee TER Ree SAP AEE PSY TS 4 oye ene iy Crees f Dees i fasta @ va Peal mwG.ys Wemys ios Lot ath My 23 ea? OO ES ER re is ‘el : Hi) Oy we ie rea From News Wire Services WOSHLAGTION, Anri] 29 — Tue P21 oltes planted Jeroga- tory news stories — anony- mousiy or chroush “friendly” reporters — about people or Rroups it opposed, the Senate Intelligence Conimittee ree “Txpically, a local FBI agent wenld provide inforrastion to a ‘friendly news source’ on the cendiven ‘that the bureau’s interest in these catters is to be kept in the strictest confidenes,’ * the report said. Po suid the targets inchided the Jate Dr Mertis Luther ping Jr., the civil rights move- Ment in general and Vietnam ‘var opponents. im report quoted Thom- en, ,Bishep, former eu CO the FBUs Crime ra) be | |" | , NW 54965 Docld: 32999503 (Mount Clipping in Space Below) Records Division, which wa responsioks for press cuntac ms $ saying he kept “a Hot of the bureat 5 ‘press friends’ in his desk. ay 1 The report said the FBI "took advantage. of a close relations hip with a hash ctfend of a major national magazine” to squelch an unfavorable arti- cle about the bureau, The same contact was used to forestall publication of an article by Dr. King, Other cases cited in the re- port included: —An attempt to discredit Leonard Boudin, one of the de- fense attorneys for Daniel Elis- berg in the “Pentag zon Papers case in the early 1970s. —~ An FBI memo that said the Atlanta field office of the FBI gave atricadiyonewspaper . SAC . ASAC Sec. Sask ra aol ’ ay 16 ent SuEyr. ‘» bask Page 245 > eal De FOSaT lor ¥ > + R Ls vp daily u ans .@DOors editor “informatien to supple- ment that already Known {o him from public sources con- cerning subversive influences in the Atlante peace mevement.” —An FBI agent in Chicaso contucted a reporter for 2 major newspaper “ta arranae for publication of an artuele which was experted to ‘greatly encourage factional antazgo- nisms during the SDS Students for a Democratic soctety) convention.” ~—A news release was pre- pared noting that the son of a “couple identified with the Communist Party movement” had been arrested on a drug charge. The rciease noted that “the Red Chinese have long used narcctics to help weaken the youth of target countries?” (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) Ll —_—— BUFFALO EVENING NEWS Buffalo, New York os pur eat 4/29/76 Date: Edition: City Author: Editor: Tile: SENSTUDY Character: oa Classification: Submitting Office By ff alo [7 Being Investi gated
LL. wes . : . t PLOGSG (Rew 72-11-755 © @ H : (Mount Clipping in Space Below) a 4 y Sfate Piaht Ahead on iss (Indicate page, name of ~. Urted Press Ir ternational WASHING Iai, April 23 — Propenents of tighter congres- sional control of the U. S. intel- ligencd ccniiaunity vow a major fight in the Senate May 10 t restore strong reform proposals deicated in the Sen- ate Rules Committee on Wednesday. But the prospect of the Sen- ate creating a tough, new over- signt wormalltes to adeniter ihe spy agencies, sources concede, ig unecrtam at best, ‘lie May 10 dute was set to actommeodate Sean. Frank Church (B., Ida.), chairman of the Select Committee on Intelli- gence, who will be away from Washington campaigning for the presidency until then. Ce SHE SENATE RULES Com- mittee voted 5-4 Wednesday to establish an intelligence over- sight committee, But erties say the panel would be ineffec- tual. The Intelligeace Commit- tee wants a joint congressional committee with both budgetary aad strict ovaisight control over intciligence activities, Sen. Dick Clark (D., IJa.), who fought during two drafting sessions for a_ strong panel, called the Rulcs Consintttee product ‘‘a_ repudiation” of recommendations developed during the Senate’s 15-month probe of intelligence agency abuses. OF Inte lice ence i and | Prayer The oversight committee ap- proved py the rules committee was propesed by Chairman Heeward Connen (D., Nev.). Tt would Ee curmased of 13 Ricitietva afuwa Item the Sen- ate Armed Sorsices, Foreign Relations, Appropriations and Jelciarey cammittees, the pens which critivg say have heen nealectful in the past. It wovld snore juriscistion over the aveoncies with the four other committees. * * CRivermatenchmermand) THERE WOUCD be sddition- al study of intelligence opcra- tions, but no enforcement powers to monitor or control. Sen. James 8B, Allen (D., Ala.) persuaded the Rules Committee to adopt a section waiving investigation of any Suoject it deemed sufficiently studied during the past 15 anonths. Critics see this clause as a further “escape bole’ for avoiding oversight duties. Sen, Philip A. Hart (2, Mich.), a member of the select committer, said he believes enouga scaators will support publication of the aggregate anual intelligence budget fig- ure, but probably will not sup. port tough reforms. lsut the select committee’s chief counsel, Frederick A. 0. Schwarz, predicted: “We may jose in the Rules Comrnittee, but we'll win on the Senate oe ele newspaper, city and state.) 11 BUFFALO EVENING NEWS Buffalo, New York ge Buree™ 4/29/76 Date: Edition: City Author: Editor: ~ Title: SENSTUDY Characters, 62« 2665 «5B — menage EE or Classification: Submitting Office: Buffalo {__' Being Investigated a Prete: 2. 2. SG VAST,
@D-359 (Rev. 11-11-75) Y {Mount Clipping in Space Below) | (Indicate page, name of newspaber, city and state.) 11 BUFFALO EVENING NEWS Buffalo, New York { ym BIR Beg Tea : Panel Propscés to Curb: we athe oD , hae Lg Memestic LOY t Prorects Assoclated Press —That the FBI be required to WASHINGTON, April 23 — The Senate Intelligence Com- mittee Wednesday called for Gnformer. legislation specifically forbid- That the IRS be forbidden ding a broad range of domestic to “collect any information intelligence operutions. about the activities of Ameri- | WW 54965 Doocld: 32989503 The major proposals included: A ruling that “there is no inherent constitutional author- ity for the President or any intelligence agency to violate the law,” —Creation of a new perma- nent Senate intelligence over- sight committee with broad re- view and- enforcement powers, —That the CIA, the National Security Agency (NSA) and military intelligence agencigs be barred from domestic se- orrity activity except in cases involving their employes. —~That the FLT be required to ebtuin a judicial warrant be- fore using wiretaps, breaks-ins or mail openings in domestic and military intelligenze.—» investigations, (LamenntberkmnaaetD + , se ASAC__ . Sec. SUNT, . Bek 4 c 5, Desk 5 6 Desk 6% _/f a Ne Tad ny Page 247 cans except for the purposes of enforcing the tax laws.” ~~That the NSA be required to obtain a warrant before monitoring, “any communicas tions to, from or about an American” unless it involves foreign spy or terrorist activi- ties. ~That all past Intelligence data collected throuch illegal techniques be locked up and destroyed. Two committee members, Sens. John Tower (R., Tex.) and Barry Goldwater (R., Ariz.), considered the propos. als So sweepine they réfused to sign the docuinent. They also had refused to sign a report is- sued Monday on U. S. foreign 4/29/76 Date: . Edition: City Author: x Editor: Title: SENSTUDY Character: a “ot 62266557 Submitting Office: Buffalo (_] Being Investigated
perare enr np auintatenennine, pmettarne, arp emtnaninnand Matra a Pesmnetienta eed | : n ‘ at TTe et Eg 4, Ss eet tag i hi & Ae Pee We ye Lb K wT y wea yw Boom yy b ney 2 wae ee De ot Re RIN GR =p 6 ; ‘\ i Pat ars ss Rag, cacy’ a ee IA AS Py a RNa? tue Bo? ba ve. Ea By JACK NELSON LA. Times: Wa treagton Pout Servier WASUINGTON, April 29—The Senate Intelligence Commiuee issued a chilling report Wednesday docu- break up marviages, disrupt menting a 44-year pattern of official lawlessness by intelligence agencies during both Democratic and Re- pisces administ ations. he committee’s 96 recom- mtudations for reform, aimed prinmciy at the FBI, include leg satiun that woald lirair an vol director’s term to eight veers; prohibit a director froia | supyaying the White House with peéisoaar or pohtical informa- tion about presidential oppo- naas and generally make irieligence otticials more ac- countable for their actions, The [BI practice of sup- wing political information to the White House besan early in ute late J, Edgar Hoover's 48- wear remn as director, the commitine found, but grew to unprecedented dimensions dur- ing the Lynden Johnson end Richard Nixon administrations. » We haye seen segments of cur government, in their atti- tudes and action, adopt tactics uuworthy of a democracy, and occe sanaily reminiseent of the tactics’ of totalitarian re- Bimes,’*? the committee reported, ev oe THE REPORT documents noi only rumerous lies hy gov- ernivent officials, but the insti- tutionalizing of tying and other deceptive practices by the FBI and ather agencies to cover up official lawlessness. It criticizes attitudes of high government cfficials in condon- ing or encouraging lawlessness in the name of national securi- is and cetails specific cases af abuse, including the FBI's intensive campaign to discredit née Mee Or Martin Luther Ain wn 'MW 54965 Docld: 32989503 Page 248 i diuciuses that President Johnsen and hish Justice De- parimnent officials knew about: sume aspacts of the campeton to diseredi: Dr. King, but toch no action to end the campaign or punish these responsible. The committee, headed by Sui. Frank Church (D., Ida.), i also blamed Congress for its failure to exercise proper over- siznt and for failing to estab- lish precise standards govern- ing domestic intelligence, Cd SUMMARIZING THE main abuses it documented during a 15-month investigation, the committee said: “Too many people have been spied upon by too many goy- ernment agencies and too much infermation has been col- lected. The government has oiten undertaken the secret surveiilance of citizens on the basis of their political beliefs, even when those beliefs posed no threat of violence or illegal acts on behalf of a hostile for- eign power. : “The government, operating primarily through secret in- formants, but also using other intrusive techniques such ‘as wiretaps, microphone ‘bugs’ surreptitious mail openings and break-ins, has swept in vast amounts of information about the personal lives, views and associations of American citi- zens, * 7 x “INVESTIGATIONS ~ OF groups deemed potentially dan- rerons — and even of groups suspzctid of assuciaung witn , potentia dancereue erreni Pome ea Oe Er wes, dtaplte the fact that Cree s did not encase waa fol acts hy. “Groups and individuals have been harassed and dis- repted because of their powti- cai views and their lifestyles, Investigations have been based woen vague standards whose breadth made excessive colkec- tion inevitable. “Unsavery and vicious tac- tics have been emptoyed — in- cluding anonymous attempts to an Bea meetings, ostracize persons from their professions, and p:°- voke target grouns intn rive !- ries tiat might resuit_ im deaths.” THE COMMITTEE reported that FEI headquariers alone has developed more than 5iu.- 009 domestic intelligerce files, 65,000 of which were opened 1 1972 alone. These files are au.- mented by additional files opened in FSI tield offices. In addition, the committee reported almost 250,000 firsi- class letters were opened and photographed in the United States by the CIA between 1953- 73, producing a CIA computer- ized index of nearly }, million names: at least J38,fid0 firsr- class letters were opened and photographed by the FBI he- tween 1940-66; some 300,0¢0 individuals were indexed ina CIA computer system and separate files were mainti.ed on 7200 Americans; millions cf private teleerams sent from, to, or through the United States were obtained by the Naticnal Security Agency from 1947 io 1875 through a secert arrang- ment with three U. S. telegraya companies. * - & INVESTIGATIONS OF the lawful cctivities of peaceful groups have continued for dec- ades, the committee said. cit- ing the case of the National As- sociation for the Advancement of Colored People, 9 “““*"—"? (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) 1 BUFFALO EVENING NEWS Buffalo, New York — ‘go BuTe™ tees, pene au 4/29/76 Date: Edition: City Author: Editor: Ties SENSTUDY Character: or Classification: Submitting Office-Ruffalo {__: Being Investigated
Zhe NAACP was investigated to determine whether it had “connections with?’ the Communist Party. The investi- gden Lire Daur mare than 25 sees atom neiline was tound to rebut an FBI report during the first year of the inventigation that the organiza- tion had a “strong tendency” to “steer clear of Communist ac- tivities.” «et R * THE COMMITTEE cited these exampies of the White House's use of the FBI for po- litical purpuses: —President Roosevelt asked the FBI to put in its files the names of citizens sending tele- grams to the White House opposing his national defense policy and supporting Col. Charles A. Lindbergh. —President Truman received inside information on a former Roosevelt aide’s efforts to influence his appointments, lahor_uninn, negotiating plans, and the publishing plans of journalists. ePresident Eisenhower re. ceived reports un purely politi- en} and eacial contacts with foreign otticials by Bernard Baruch, Mrs. Eleanor Roose- The committee cited some of the most liberal Justice De- partment officials of Demecrat- ic adirinistretiens for. their roles in gucstiopalie fate Seiae practhecs. In September 1857, Atty Gen. Ramsey Clark directed the FBI to “use the maximum re- sources, investizative and intel- ligence, to collect and report all facts bearing upon the ques- tion as toa whether there has been or is a scheme or conspir- acy by any group of whatever size, effectiveness or affilia- tion, to plan, promote or aggra- vate riot activity.” x kK om SUBSEQUENTLY, JOHN Doar, assistant. attorney general for civil rights, ex- pressed concern that the FBI probe was too narrowly focused on traditional subversive groups and persons suspected } of “specific statutory ' violations.” Mr. Clark reiterated Mr. Doar’s view and told then FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover that “sources or informants in black nationalist organizations, SNCC (Student Nonviolent Co- ordinating Committee) and less Former CIA Director Rich-tsue nature of this project be- ard Helms never seriously questioned the leawity of the fievear CLA Mew Yerk mal eruineg pooh cd be enrce be Seam ck etc oe Dulles, had “race pis legal peace with Gd.” Former Asst. FBI Director William C. Sullivan, who par- ticipated in the dratting of an inteHigene> plan which pro- vided for buralaries and other illegal metheds, told the committee: - «- . “THE ONE THING we were concerned about was this: Will this vourse of action work, will it get us what we want, will we reach the objective, that we desire to reach? As far as legality is concerned, morals or ethics, (it) was never raised by myself or «anybody else ... I think this suggests really in government that we are amoral.” At times intelligence efficials authorized acts that they ac- knowledsed in writing were illegal, For example, in 1954 a Hoov- er aide sent the FBI director a memo whicn recommended - ne secs cause he ‘would rather not know anything abuut i,” the Cminitve said. “Althaugh rorelte vem cet by eu eh wie qi te EOP a ES atbbe 1Ud8 appears te have been all 0 GAaRPIN Smong sealer gov- erninent officiah.” “vom 8 THE FBI TGVELOQPED a special filing svsrem for memo- randa written about legal techniques, such as breakins. Under this systcm—which was referred to as the “do not file” procedure—authorizing — docu- ments and other memoranda were filed in special safes at headquarters und ficld offices until the next annual inspec- tion, at which time they were to be systematically cestroyed, __ In atfemptine to explain why Ulgul activities were advocat- ed and defended, the commit- tee said: remntentennies “The impact of the attitudes and actions of sovernment offi- cials in supervisory positions-~ Presidents, Cabine officers, aml congressmen—should not be discounted, “their occasional endorse- Tent of such activitios, as well publicized groups should be de- planting a bug in the hotelas the atmosphere of veloped and expanded to deter- rcom of a suspected Commu- velt and Supreme Court Justice! mine the size and purpose of nist sympathizer: William O, Douglas. | ~The Kennedy administra- Hon had the FBI wiretap a con-' gressional staff member, three Nicholas DeB. Katzenbach, these groups and their relation- ship to other groups...” The committee reported that executive officials, a lobbyist’ When he was attorney general, and a Washington law firm. ” Atty. Gen. Robert F. Kennedy received the fruits of a FBI “tap” on Martin Luther King Jr. and a ‘bug’ on a congress- man, both of which yielded information of a political nature, President Jehnson aslied the FBI to conduct “name checks” of his sritics and of members of t'v: staff of his 1964 election opnonent, Sen. Barry Goldwater (R., Ariz.). He also requested purely political intel- ligence on his critics in the Sen- ate, and received extensive intelligence on political activity at the 1984 Democratic conven- tion from FBI electronic surveillance. President Nixon authorized a program of wiretaps which produced for the White House purely political or personal information unrelated to na- tions] seesyity, iichiding infor- Mation akuut a Supreme Court justice. Pamanaee) ' |_NW 54965 Doold: 32989503 and Burke Marshall, when he was assistant attorney general for civil rights, knew about some aspects of the FBI cam- paign to discredt Dr. King. Disregard of the law by intel- lisence officers was seldom corrected, and sometimes en- couraged or facilitated, by offi- cials outside the agencies, the committee reported. e * “WHETHER BY INACTION or direct participation,” it said, “these administration officials contributd to the perception that legal restraints did not apply ‘to intelligence activities.” The committee cited numer- ous cases in which officials ra- tionalized unethical of illegal conduct, usually in the name of National security,  «—-+-—~ Page 249 “Although such an installa- make such an_ installation necessary and desirable,” Myr. Hoover approved the in- stallation. Camammemnioren? * ON SOME OCCASIONS high- er officials avcided dealing with the question of law or ethics by reiusine to be inform- cu about intenigence activities. Former Postmaster General J. Edward Day, visited by former CIA directors Dulles and Hehas in connection with a CIA project, interrupted them be- _ fore they could give details and i ashed: “Do I have to know about it?” They didn’t tell him about it. “Mr. Day did not Jearn the j FRarenedeantenmmnt, vermissiveness created by heir emphasis on national security and their demands : tion will not be legal, it is be- or results clearly contributed ‘Heved that the intelligence o the nation that strict adhere ! information to be obtained will nce to the law was unimpor- ant.” reedankmemet>
FD-350 (Rev. 11-11-75) @ < - (Mount Clipping in Space Below) Re pa oe nach ee DORT EBA AA v races” E ey Wy a a Blaelz Pe From News emi ine QRS Wire Services -, WASHINGTON, May 6 — The FBI provoked and encouraged bloodly gang warfare between the Black Panthers and rival groups in hopes of neutralizing the organizations or killing off the leadership, a Senate Intelligence Committee staff report said today. . At least four gang-style kill- ings in California in 1969 were linked to FBI provocation, and the bureau targeted the prem- ises of a Chicago Black Pan- ther apartment Yor a local po- lice raid in which two died in a, gun battle the same year, the report said, The supplemental report, prepared by the staff of the Senate Intelligence Committee, was titled “The FBI’s Covert Action Program to Destroy the Black Panther Party.”’ It cata- Jogued FBI tactics ranging from anonymous hate letters and scurrilous propaganda to fingering black leaders for kill- ing by one side or the other. Snternmmation on the FBI “marking” the Chicago apart- ment where twe Black Panther leaders were killed during a raid apparently was not jor- - warded at the time to the! Chicago district attorney inves- tigating the FBI's roie in the ! operation. * @ x THEN DIRECTOR J. Edgar Hoover decided in September 1968, the report suid, that the Black Paniher pacty consti- tuted “the greatest threat to the internal security of the country.”” By the foiloviing year the party was “the priraary focus” for 233 of 298 actions against “black nationalists.”” The report said the FBI used anonymous notes and inferm- ants to sow dissension bemvseen sival black groups, and glowing tribuies were cited betw foray field offices and FOIL headcnar- Art Jefferson, the committee staff member who compiled the report, told reporters that investigations showed FBI cov- ert actions against rival black ! groups “clearly were aimed at | continuing the conflict—to keep them busy fighting each: other.” eK & FBI INTRIGUES extended across the country and even to Algiers to disrupt the activities of Eldridge Cleaver and other exiles living there and in Europe, te > Jane Fonda and other enter- tainment personalities ‘who spoke in favor of Panther goals “or associated with, members became the targets of FBI pro- grams,” the repurt said. The FBI even disrupted free “Breakfast for Children” pro- grams sponsored by the Black Panthers and succeeded in hav- ing a Catholic priest transfer- red frora his San Diego parish {because he permitted the ; church to be used as a free food site. The FBI concocted and anonymously distributed copies of ‘an imflammatory Black- Panther coloring boe's for chil- dren.” *« & x “ALTHOUGH THE claimed purpose of the bureau’s Cointel- pro tactics was to prevent vic- Jence,” the report said, “some of the FGI’s tactics were clear- ly intended to foster violence and many others couid reasonably huve been expected tree CRSE-FIOIUNCE.”? enwintensd® - ‘ ters when covert oporations re- j subbed anetielence, NW 34965 Doocld: 32989503 Page 250 - SEARCHED SERIALIZED / - (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) 7 BUFFALO EVENING NEWS Buffalo, New York ‘gs porer 12 2ASAC_AYC 3. Sec. Supvr. A,Besk 4 a Peay os Title: SENSTUDY Cheracter: or Classificatigf: 622256 Submitting Office: Bo f¥a io (_] Being Investigated INDEXED MAY) 71976 FBT- BUFFALO, gs} SHCOLATIE
.. In another report, the com- | “mittee staff said high officials | in the Kennedy and Jchnson ! administrations must share the: blame for the FBI’s campaign to destroy Dr. Martin Lucher King. It said there was no evidence that anyone outside the FBI ap- proved the campaign against» Dr. King, but it concluded that “officials responsible for super- ' vising the FBI received indica- tions that such an effort ... might be taking place and fail- ed to take adequate steps to prevent it.” * ou OK THE REPORT said evidence showed that: ' Atty. Gen. Robert F. Kennedy was given a summary of information obtained from bugs placed in Dr. King’s hotei “FOOMS; Sati -en. Nicholas DeB. Katzenbach and Asst. Atty. Gen. Burke Marshall told President Johnson that the FBI had offered to play tape record- ings of the bugs to reporters: ~The FBI offered to play the tape recordings fnr Johnson aide Walter Jenkins; and —Jchnson aide’ Bill Moyers approved sending FBI reports containing derogatory personal information abcut Dr. King to other government agencies. “The evidence reveals a dis- turbing attitude of unconcern by responsible officials and 2 silure cn their part to make appropriate corrective meas- mres,” the report said. wm oo THE 105-PAGE STUDY, which contained few new dis- closures concerning the bu- reau’s self-described campaign “The FBI's attempts to djs- - credit Dr. King did not end with his death” by assassina- tion in 1968, the staff said. In what it calls the FBI’s “‘secret war’? against American citizens. The staff also said, ‘however, it found no evidence the bureau was involved in Dr. King’s murder, A Justice Department task force is investigating that subject separately. x oR og BUT THE REPORT, pre- pared by the staff and not sign- ed by committee members, said-the FBI under Mr. Hoover pursued a “vicious vendetta’ against Dr. King from 1963 until some time after his death, trying to discrédit his memory and to stop Congress from making his birthday a national holiday. Jt said Wiiltiam Sullivan, Mr. Hoover’s former FBI deputy, described the over-all cam- paign against Dr. King and thousands of other suspected radicals as “a rough, tough, dirty business and dangerous “No holds were barred,” Mr. Sullivan testified at committee hearings. ‘‘We have used (simi- lar) techniques against Soviet agents ... We did not differentiate.” * 8 & REPEATING CONCLU- sions the committee has pub- lished, the report said Mr. Hoover considered Dr. King “no good” and a dangerous force for dissent in America. It said he directed his agents to prove Dr. King was Comraunist-influenced by tap- “to completely discredit Dr. ;Ping—iiS telephones, bugging King as the leader of the Negro people,” said the FSI tried to smear Dr. King even after his death, treating him much like a Soviet agent, and had a plan * fortraras® his widoW as well. NW 54965 Doacld: 32989503 Page 251 his hotel sooms and.hazassing him, One ploy was the anony- . mous letter, already publicized, which suggested that Dr. King commit suicide or face disclo- sure of an extra-marital affair. But Wednesday’s report also included new disclosures about ‘the smear campaign that fol- lowed Dr. King’s death. When Congress was consider- ing declaring ‘his birthday a na- tional holiday, it said, the FBI’s Crime Records Division “recomended briefing con- gressmen” who might keep the bill bottled up in committee if “they realize King was scoundrel.” . Congress has yet to vote on a King birthday bill. <“ , ‘fhe report also said the FBI Atlanta field office proposed a “counterintelligence cperation” against Dr. King’s memory and his widow in April ‘¢3a-—""
FD:350 (Rev. 11-11-75) * WASHINGTON i — The FBI ‘to maintain a network of 1,500 paid informants who serve as “vacuum cleaners’ reporting virtually everything they observe, a Senate report said - Thursday. . Items from the informants include lawful political activity and details of the personal lives of citizens, it said. The money spent on “tiese domestic intelligence in- formants is more than twice athat allocated for infor#ints agaisst organized crime, ac- cording to the Senate Intel- ligence Comunittee staff report. . In the past, these informants have reported on groups such as the Black Panthers, the Ku Klux Klan and women’s libera- it said. tion, Conf idential Sources : -In addition fo paid in ; formants, the FBI also reLes on more than 1,200 “confidential 1. SAC urees” such as “bansers,: telephone company emnloyes d Jandlords” who supnly the FBI with information they come ross in the course of their jobs, it said. of 13 volumes ceing reieased by “te committee in supsort ef its final report on domestics spying. The report said thar in- formants are “ihe most ¢x- fensively used techniques in FBI domestic intelligence in- vestigations,” figuring in 8 per ceut of the cases studied by the GevevalAtcounting Office. “BY MW 34965 Doold: 32969503 Page < 252 (Mount Clipping in Space Below) FBPs Infor mani Netw ork Ox atlined | spends some $7 million a year _ The 4%-pace staff sludy is ove ~ ae ” . $. Ga] 4 comparison, electronic ‘sur- veillance was used in only 5 per cent of the cases studied,” the report said. . Paid $100 a Month * The average amount paid to informants was $100 a month, ,. although one in San Diego “veached the bureau’s top in- formant payment of $250 per month pilus up to $100 per month in expenses,” the report said. The report deseribed three special informant programs: —Between 1967 and 1973 the_ bureau developed a network of more than 7.000 ghetto in- formants to collect intelligence on urban riots, Qf mad eet? —From 1940 to 1969, the FEI maintained informants in defense plants around tne country as a guard against es- ,pionage. —Froni 10 to 1954, the FBI -used American Legion members as confidential, sciees to revork-on syfiversive or espionage activity. With the exception of the Sucialist Workers Party, the report did nof reveal the names of groups now penetrated by FBI informants. In the case of the Socialist Workers, the report said tae F'BI’s use of in- farvtvauis “has cerntinged fromm 1940 to the present day” despite the burean’s on admission that “since shortly after its formation the SWP has not tommiited any violent acts’ oF made any ilegal threats to overthrow the govetnimin? + : « (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) 2 COURIER EXPRESS Buffalo, New York Date: 5 { Tf 76 Edition: Four Star Author: Editor: Title: SENSTUDY Character: or 62 a { Classification: 62—~2665 Submitting Office: Buffalo {} Being Investigated
“S$ a een RT mre pean ee) - I 7 MW 54965 © Doold: 32999503 FD-350 (Rev. 7-16-63) , (Mount Clipping in Space Below) fo ere Sa ee eee NSM Had Ft On 75,000, | Panel Says Reuters NewsSerpice ¥ ; WASHINGTON, May Ll = The super-secret National Se, curity Agency (NSA) maintain- , ed files on some 75,000 private - citizens. including members of. Congress and other prominent: Americans, the Senate Intelli- - . Bence | Committeé said Monday. The"files, kept until 1974, at .Ft. Meade, Mo., and then dé- stroyed, contained sensitive . personal information gathered. from the agency's montoring of -oyerseas communications, reports from other intelligence - agencies and newspaper cut-:, tings, the committee.said. : The panel also revealed*that the NSA conducted at least * eight surreptitious break-ins in the late 1950s and early 1960s, | mostly to ‘plant bugging devicds-y, us The disclosures were outlined ' in a supplement to the commit: | .tee’s <final report on. foreign | intelligence operations issued: last month. 4 + ee Rye ’ Hi THE NSA, the most secretive, of the U.S, intelligence agen: - cies, is responsible ‘for pratect- { ving -U, §. communications from.’ interception | by foreign coun-* _tries and for producing foreign intelligence information. tony } The committee did no Tame ‘ the names of those watched by. ‘the NSA. The files, it said, _ were destroyed when the agen: , : ey felt “their usefulness did not i justify the costs in time | and | money and storage space.” It said the files were nok j ‘ compiled for any sinister pure} pose, but noted that the CIA: had free and unsupervised ace | cess to.them,. _ "The fact-that CIA personnel | x ‘used the ‘files ... to gather » information .on American eiti- § zens, during a period when the? . CIA was engaged in unlawful { ° ! domestic . activities aimed} ‘ against many of those samé : citizens, illustrates the ‘danger ¢ ‘of maintaining such files,” the ; 3 | Comapetee'sald. 5 me halite 4 Page 2523 — ee psACo = S aidendiieiadl “ee SEER, WP. tn _12 _ Buffalo, New York) eR TE ak oe AIRS EE (indicate page, name of rmie@wspaper, city and state.) BUFFALO EVENING NEW 5/11/76 Date: Editions Late City. Author: Complete Editor: title: SENSTUDY Character: or MAYAL 2 1976 Pi-surrALO
FD-350 (Rev. 7-16-63) a OY ar] ete . (Mount Clipping in Space Below) od ecmatene cathe ated. ae « 2 (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) 1 —— BUFFALO EVENING NEW _ Buffalo, New York | C olds is Hearings on buse of Privacy: ~ : United. Press International oo WASHINGTON, May. — Internal Revenue Com=' 5/11/76 ; missioner Donald C. Alexander: said. today he, wants. Date: 7 to make ‘the biggest bonfire’ in ‘Washington ‘to des: ' Edition: Late City : troy 11,500: IRS intelligence files on Americans rather | . Author: Complete ; than make them availalbe to. the individuals: COR; - Editor: , serned., . . title: SENSTUDY : But he was warned sternly | 7 . against destroying the filés at.a ‘hearing of t the House § Subconi- | eee sere ae ~ . Panel, ‘reveals | NSA Maintain a , i Character: files on 75,000. _PAGE 12.5 5 ; ot » mittee “on Governihent Tnfor: ‘ Classification? -6242665° 09 | mation & Individual Rights. * ; Submitting Ottice "BUPEET 5 " Mr. -Alexander itéstifiéd fol: - * L . 4. ' Towing today’s reléase of a-gen- . Poo, . {_] Being Investigated . ate Intelligence -Committee _ - 3 “ : staff report which-accuséd the - IRS of “serious and illegal of | abuse” of the privacy of tax-' t Wy i ag — ' payers “targeted” by the White | 7 Sat ‘+House, FBI, CIA and: other |- | gine : | MEY £2 1975 ul y |agencies in operations. that-in: bo , . oo a Bh! nr | volved: _Wiretaps, buss and: e BET . - : / a BUERA
we ee NW 54965 Doold: 32989503 THE, FILES. ‘also.allagedly -contaiketinformation involving isex and the-drinking habits of ‘thoseinyestigated. “What benefit would be gain- fed from incurring the substan- ‘tial costs ivhich would-be re- quired to infoxm-persons that ,they were -th-e subjects of: : files?” Mr, Alexander asked ‘the House: subcommittee. He } Said-the files are “inactive, out- _dated and ‘useless and would thave been destroyed long ago" ) sal ine for ongoing ‘congression- al investigations. He estimated it would cost 1 $200, 000 to keep the files and “make them known to every ‘individual i involved, ta, Abzug (D., N. Y.), ‘ Chaiy man of the subcommittee, - ibristled and said; “I’m _ telling * you, right now that this is a ‘ congressional inquiry . . . and \ ]. put you on notice ‘that those if ‘files better not he destroyed.” “SHE. SAID that citizens ‘whose privacy rights had’ been , Negally invaded ever the years by ‘the TRS should know about f Mrs. .Abzug is holding hear- ings on a bill which would re- quire that all persons subjécted to improper-or illegal intelli- gence activity | by government agencies be given. “notice that they were targéts and with the | Hight” to find out what the gav- ernment was. saying about | them, H “ne Seiate Intelligence Com- mittee staff report said the IRS . ranks as an . intelligence agency, both in its legitimate ; role of running down tax vidla- | tors and fraud; and in accun | ‘wating “vast amounts of. in-| formation ,about the fiianicial : and. personal affairs of Ameti-« { “can citizens.” j With this. “rich deposit of} intelligence” from tax returns j ‘and the supporting documents } ‘which taxpayers submit volun- { “tarily ‘the IRS is a powerful tool which other government de- partments “have periodically ‘sought to employ,” the docu- | “ment said. . a If “SAID ‘THIS has led fe i “serious and illegal abuse of | IRS investigative powers: and to a compromise of the privacy * and integrity of the tax" return.” ee i The service’ carriéd out. audits and investigations ‘of: “targeted” citizens and organ- ; izations, most oftén without asking why, the report said. Abuses éxtendéd back! through many administrations ; but reached a height during the | presidency .of Richard M. i Nixon, it ‘said, Some past controversial or illegal IRS activities ta included: ~~ Participating in. thé FBI's counter-intelligence program | by supplying. tax information. ' -on dissenters, black national- jsts, civil rights advocates, | anti-war protesters and Some ’ 2300 organizations: categorized’ as “old left,” ‘new left’? ‘and 5 “right wing. bs Initiation of a computérized 4 information gathering and retrieval system. between 1963 and 1975 that contained “gener- ; al intelligence” .on 465,442 per- sons or groups, and plans to in- clude 10,000 organizations eventually... +-Carrying out of “Operation Leprechaun™ against big- spenders: and suspected influ-j ence wielders in Florida that | a ty ns aan mace a reroanem embraced investigations of a. congressional candidate and information on the sex lives and drinking habits of 30 public | officials in the Miamrareas 3 as LT, ERT ia ARR PC AE ing, Thee ENROL TI ET ME LOS PO ERY FS nctee BE Beta ts A oo Page 255 ADR ae A ge Te a Lae
Nw 34965 Doold: 32939503 _FD-350 (Rev. 7-16-63) The Church committee .report déseryes to be takeh very: seriously. It would appear ‘to. establish beyond. rious question. that.the-executive has ikoasted along giving very. little it ight to questions. of aw, let alone 'Génstitutionality, when dealing with ' thé intelligence activities and. _domes- tie ‘security. Moreover, it is.*-plain that every ' president ‘from. Roosevelt on, has used: the: intelligence resources of the gov- :eFnment for the purpose of accumu- lating data politically useful to the , President, Not even ‘the noble Dwight | catalogue, t ‘The: trouble with investigations of this nature is that not very much: tends ' to ‘be done to give the. point of: Siew of :the officials. being investigat- ved. iEvery now and then you get a ‘situation: that ‘is- simply inexplicable | induce the suicide of: Dr, Martin ‘Luther King Jr. But" ‘there are others. fwrengdoing,, such’ as the decision: to penetrate the Ku. Klux Klan. ‘ of those: lists that wag. so. popular i years. ago; It would appear to be an ‘ organization histotically devdted ‘to | depriving: American citizens of their : rights, In one. particular chapter of the ae areas ‘member. patticipated ain thé ‘beating WILLIAM F. if F. BUCKLEY JR |.D, Eisenhower is excepted in the new wand. indefensible, e.g. the attempt to - ' PBI, and the Secret Service, ‘when up} ‘The conimittee: ‘Gites. cone of many - fexamples of what it clearly ‘considers ‘ Ts this.a-correct decision? The KKK. : was branded as a‘ subversive organi-_ zation by the. attorney: ‘general in one. : , Klan, an. agent of ‘the FBI, posing aga — SAS gente SS Pee _ officials being investigated." rs : of some of the Klan's viétims, This is a very high penalty to. pay} fot. the reward. of authenticity. But|, some ‘time later the Klan murdéred: a.’ %  givil rights worker and a planted FBI - Klansman appeared as a witness — : ‘and achieved a conviction for murder, . \ Here is an. example of: one of the dileramas of afree society. Should an FBI agent engage ity such activity? Or | are we better off Jeaving the Klan — and, indeed, other: organizations dis- ‘posed to. terrorism =~ freé to: do: their dirty: work without covert interference? ‘ What, if.any, are ‘the responsibilities of such organizations. ag the GTA, the} against such. ‘organizations as. the’ Black “Panthers, the Weathénineny thie Symibianese Liberation Army? There was a huge outery against the FBI for ‘havirg failed to pick up. Lee Nlarvey Oswald when John F. Ken- yedy.came to town. I do: not readily see ‘how, under ‘the ‘prospective rules, any of these agencies would-éven liave known. about -the éxistence of Lee Harvey Oswald; Jet alone that’ het! should’ ‘be invited to remain out off eter ee ae ehgee, psanaycns oe) eee a ee SRR presidents. ‘ John, Wilkés ‘Booth would have been ; i dismissed._ender, these rules, aS an | Page 256 1-Dimension View of CIA. "Church report 0 ‘omits 18 ‘point of v view 10 of # the Tindicate page, name of newspaper, city and'state.) L2A IMES UNION ROCHESTER, NEW YORK Date: 5/6/76 Editio:GREATER ROCHESTHI Author: "ITLLUIA td yy Editor: BUCKLEY , JE . Title: SENSTUDY Character: 62-2665 2377 Submitting Office: Buffalo ] Being Investigated Classification: CE (ra RPA AEE Oe CE ROE PAD TAS OT UNM at Lr 3
NW 54965 Docld: 32989503 Page 257 \algotiolierormanti¢ ‘actor whose pri- | i yacy we have no-ibusiness interfering with. * What is missing from the Church ; “report is what the logicians call an a; i posteriori ook at the problem + i.e., ta look that reasons from the faéts .on- ‘back -to the theory. The facts -during the late sixties’ were that the United States govern-} ment was ‘not fulfilling ‘its primary tresponsibility to the people. There , were tens, of thotisands of explosions; there wére buildjngs burned, arson | ‘ advoéated, civil: disobedience-the-rage,.: the civil rights of establishmentarian ; pdissenters “violated, highjackings! y every week, Soviet ‘money promoting ‘internal dissension,. military and dip i, lomatic Secrets published. . Vo It. will require ‘the integration. 0 these conditions i ih a doctrine of self ; , delense by. afree society, rather: “ | imere abstract affirmation, to. convince tae that the Church committee ‘lias ; But certainly ‘it “has shows us, ‘already, that the FBI and thé CIA : appear ‘to be as capable as anyi ‘bureaucratic agency of Parkinsonian: excesses — ‘at thé expense of the .fpresumptive right of the American Feitizens to: ‘privacy. ; Buckley | is editor -of the National’ i uReuiariece: Pee er
D-350 (Rev. 11-11-75) Courler-Express Washington Bureau WASHINGTON — Former Euffalonian Roger Barth js named in a new staff report of the Senate Intelligence Com- mittee detailing abuses of tax information by the FBI, CIA . and other executive agencies. Barth was assistant to former Internal Revenue Commissioner Raacolph Thrower early in 1969 when the White House reportedly encouraged the IRS to examine leftwing tax-exempt organizations to be sure they were complying with the tax LAWS encmerner : The staff report, drawing almost entirely on prior con- gressional enquiries, depicts Barth as the contact person at IRS for White House aide Tom Cha .es Huston who recom- mended the special audit of ac- tivist groups. White House ‘Conduit’ The staff study said career IRS employees whe were ques- tioned ‘unanimously named Mr. Barth as a conduit to the White House of information about the inner workings of fhe IRS.” But it also quotes Huston as saying he had “‘no discussion” with Barth regarding the es- tablishment of a secret “Special Service Staff’? (SSS) which evolved within IRS in June 1869. It was this organization which subsscuently targeted. same NW 34965 Docold: 32959503 ax Report Giz n ff ™ \ = Nia Us 8.000 individuals and 3,000 groups of activists and ex- tremists for special tax audits. The SSS was abolished three years ago by the present com- missioner, Donald Alexander. “There is no evidence that the White House ordered or specifically sugzested its es- tablishment,” the staff study said. “The evidence does sug- gest, however, that because SSS was in part a response to White House interest in the IRS’ act- ing against ideological  or- ganizations, the White House was kept advised of the specific action IRS was taking and that there was sorne feeling within IRS that the service had made a “commitment” to the White House to proceed with SSS.” According to the report, President Richard Nixon “reportedly concurred” with Huston’s proposal early in 1969 to take a close look at left-wing groups by examining their tax filings. Dr. Arthur Burns, who now heads the Federal Reserve Board, was asked to speak with IRS Commissioner Thro Ww er about the President’s ‘“‘con- ceyn” and the two met on June 16, 1969, + Four days later, the report says, Huston advised Barth by memorandum that the “Presi- dent is anxious to see some positive action taken against these orgailizattins“which are Page 2568 (Mount Clipping in Space Below) ; Berth Role violating existing regulations and I have assured him that I will keep him advised of the efforts that are presently: underway.” ‘Cannot Recall’ According to the Joint Con- gressional Committee on Inieraal Revenue Taxation, Barth may have shown this memo to the commissioner and to an assistant commissioner but ‘Mir. Barth cannot recall doing either for certain.” The staff study says a report on ideological organizations was prepared for Barth following a meeting on July 1, 1969 at which IRS staff members were briefed on “militant organizations” by a special agent, Eddie D. Hughes. * ——e. The report says Huston stated that he believed he had seen the memorandum and that Barth had sent it to him.” The staff study tells’ of an early meeting of the organizers of the SSS on July 24, 1969 but does not mention Barth as among those attending. Donald Virdin, who took the minutes of that meeting, wrete a memorandum July 31, saying that a copy of the minutes was forwarded to Barth. It quoted Bernard Meehan, an IRS aide, as saying the minutes ‘are over at the White House.” Barth Jeft the IRS in 1978 and is in private law practice in Washington. Son [sv CQ “Mr.. (Undieate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) 12 COURIER EXPRESS Buffalo, New York Date: 5/12/76 Edition: Four Star Author: , Editor: Title: SENSTUDY Character: or Classification: 2-2665- Submitting Office: ButTaLlo (_] Being Investigated
wn need FD-3£0 (Rev. 7-16-63) (Mount ! Missions _ WASHINGTON (UBD — the _ Internal Revenue Service has. | - carried out illegal missions for the’FBI,CIA and White House‘in. ‘a sétiows bréach off taxpayers’ rights, a Senate. Intelligence ' Committee staff report said on . Tuesday. © - . - IRS Commissioner Donald C. Alexander, ineanwhilé, told a “ ‘House hearing on Tuesday he i -to make “the: big-. gest + Honfire’? ‘in Washington: to’ destroy 12500 IRS intelligence " filles ‘rather than show. the -files ‘to: ithe Atnericans involved. : The ‘Senate report» gaid.‘most : of the ‘Wse and abuse” orders , t¢o the IRS came from outside, ~ but that the agency often: was : criminally negligent in, “pot » ‘policing itself. + Some probes were ordered. ‘on ‘the basis of political activity ‘and: not because .of tax-. viola- : :. ttions, the study found. Abuses »' took place during Democratic + and Republican administrations, > but, Teached a peak under Presi- : * dent. Richard.-M. ‘Nixoii, it’ “said: Controls Needed. 4. a The Teport'said an TRS. spacial service staff collected: informa- * tion on taxpayers “targeted” by ‘the White ‘House, FBI, CTA. and Otier-abeiicies by imefiods that <n eae Mn aFEpa  R ER  ea ETO 5. ase nace nee wer te 4 ae EER seaty Be, 2 Rag IPSN EFA TM Mt RT - NW 34965 Docld: 32939503 Page 259 Clipping In Space Below) by TRS. included: wiretaps, bugging and. breakins, - “In the late 1960s and early. 1970s, many .. « were selected: for investigation ... .essentially | because of their political acti- vism rather than becatws-e: specific facts indie ated. tax violations, ” Despite recent reforms, the ‘report said.:the findings “strong- ly..suggests that more effective § oversight, and new-controls over - IRS intelligence gathering are’ necéssary if the IRS is. to -ba« ' used for any nontax purpgse,’’ ‘ Alexander, appearing “before i the house sub¢ommittee on ‘gov- _ ernmeit information and: indivi- , dual rights, ‘was’ ‘asked about : ~making the “files available to those involved. . . ~ 4 “What benefit would he gained” from inéurring the .substantial j costs which would be requiréd ! to-inform persons that they were * the stibjects. of files?” Alexander said, ~ : . 4 ‘ Abzug Bristles~ ‘“T svould: like to have the! biggest ‘bonfire, "hé- “ said, stir | inating it swould cost $209,000 to’ keep the files “and make them? knowh:to évéryone:invélved, Rep. Bella Abzug, DANY... head of the pahel, bristled: “I’m telling you right now that this is a congressional enquiry . ni and I put you on notice that those: files better not be i : destroyed. ss Tweaks Alexander -agreed to supply’ . the.committee- with-the namés of , the. individuals. aud. organizations., 4, contained. in the files, = 8 pst CH (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) 3 COURIER EXPRESS _Buffalo, New York Date: 5/12/76 Edition: Four ; Star Author: Editor: title: SENSTUDY Cheracter; or Classificatlof: 62~266 — Submitting Office alo Cj Being Investigated Wi 5 = ‘ ie i a FFALO 4 per ere AT Se rt cyan ke Rede Si i Foe eae daa - “|
= — MW 54965 Docld: 32989503 Page 260 PD-350 (Rev. 11-11-75) @ (Mount Clipping in Space Below) ‘Fihinals j in FBI The FBI was originally supposed to catch criminals. Instead, the agency spent a lot of its time in the 1960s performing criminal acts. The revelations that are coming from the Senate Intelligence Committee’s investigation of the FBI's activities in behalf of ‘national security” are disturbing for two reasons: first, because they make explicit the FBI’s criminal activities which had previously been only generally known; and second, because there is no evidence that any agents or superior officers in the FoI have been or will be prosecuted for these criminal acts. itr We believe those responsible for such FBI projects as the attempi to defame the late Rev. Martin Luther King should be prosecuted. The atterapt apparently went beyond harrassment and snooping to active defamation of character. Similarly, those responsible for other criminal acts (inciting to violence in the FBI’s cam- paign against the Black Panther Party; apparently illegal methods used in the campaign against the U.S. Labor Party) should be prosecuted. It’s bad enough that criminal acts were apparently ordered or permitted; what makes it even more reprehensible is that most of them seem to have been directed against citizens who were guilty of nothing except the ‘‘crime’’ of offending the'patriotic sensibilities of then FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover and his chief assistants. PUNISHING THE GUILTY isn’t enough. Something must be done to prevent such illegal and un- constitutional invasion of citizens’ rights in the future, “This means, primarily, that the President and Congress must accept more responsibility for the conduct of the FBI and other police and intelligence agencies, Neither party wants to do this now. It has been convénient for Presidents and Congresses to remain ignorani of what the FBI, the CIA, and others were up to. Now that we all know what they were up to, we also know that Presidents and Congresses behaved irresponsibly by remaining willfully ignorant. Congress has got to set up a committee to oversee the behavior-of the FBI and the others. That will mean the President will have to take care to keep himself better informed and to see io it that intelligence activities are legai and constitutional, or else face censure bs Congress, If they don’t take on this responsibility, there will. surely be more illegality and unconstitutionality in the fetures \ ; me Caan nhediomcntl! (indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) a NIAGARA GAZETTE Niagara Falls, N.Y. ¢ puree 1 - 80-1873 Date: 5/11/76 Edition: Daily Author: . Editor: John Hanchette Tile: SENSTUDY ~ EDITORIAL Character: or Classification: 62-2665.28 Submitting Office: Buffalo [_] Being Investigated
MW 34965 Docld: 32989503 Page 261 . ‘ cominittee’s : make sense, Throughout thé ca-. FD-350 (Rev. 7-16-63) {i ’ (Mount Clipping in Space Below) Panel's S “Advice~.i ‘On FBI. Make Sense’? ‘By JAMES J; KICPATRICK * .- . The Roman satirist Juvenal pased a question nieatyes ~ 2000: years ago‘‘that ‘Congress might usefully ponders. ‘today; Juvenal. was. ‘dealing with erring wives, not erring’, rlawmen, but his warning has timeless application. Te : ewould nat suffice, he said, mere- ‘ly to post guards around the ‘lady" s chambers, “because who. “is: to wateh the watchdogs?’ ‘The: Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, in. recounting the sins: of thé FBI; has. sought ’ to grapple with Juvenal’s ques- _ tion, For the most part, the recommendations reer ‘of Director J; Edgar Hoovy- ‘er, under Democratic and Republican. presidents alike,.the | BBI repeatedly éngaged in tac- . ties that, were ag contemptible as‘they “wel reunlawful. sure, :throughoyt, this ed the FBI algo. performed \ honorably and éfficiently in omany areas of ‘federal law. on forcémeént, Hoover’s reign ‘coi- tained inuch, that: was good: But in the. area of" “domesti¢’ intellj- ‘gence gathering,. th:e' abuses: were indetensin ' THIS SPOES wot, make the. “abuses wnexplainablé. They can ‘indeed be explained, in: termp-of: va ‘pattern as old as. Juvenal’s. ‘cunning wives, The abyses: occurred through a combination: | of human and procedural , failings. Ttis tempting to- ‘féflect on the : human. failings only. Public instis tutions are. largely -tle length. _ ened shadows.of private men. J. - Edgar Hoover, for gil his good qualities, was 4 man of obses- sive prejudice. As FBI director, he had massive powets to ‘pure ‘ sue_them:. He dealt with a suc. : cession “of presidents, attorneys _ general’ and congressional leads" érs-who-had-weaknesses. af theit’. own. Hoover's. ‘skill was toy understood these - weaknesses” and to-capitalize on them. t aK * w Sh QUR POLITICAL. stricture,. 4’ theory, provides ‘checks . against: the Strengths and weaknesses? of men, In the case of the FBI's" domestic sinitelligence activitiesy* the procédutes failed. The: prest- dents, the attorneys general, the. ‘Congréss, the ‘courts, the press? — none of these éffectively. exes posed or restrained the abusé ot! power. In the flickering light ob. ‘Communist ‘espionage ‘and ‘subs, version, Wwe Ss aw shadong everywhere. * Soret The Semate conimittee’= recommendations. will derignd study, ‘There is no -regson.‘td rush into-their addption. Without risking a yeturh to naivete,~ “We . may believe that many wisezre> ; forms already have been put , into éffect. Ty a natural révul: sion against the, committee’s- revelations, we ought to guard. against overreaction. Jyavenal’s question, of course, has ho ‘Satisfactory answer. If Congress. were to Jegislate--a_ hindréd safeguards — if “ten thousand avatchdogs were. postéd | to watch on othér watchdogs. oe no system jwould be fail-safe: agaist greéd, atibition,. lust: and misjudgment.’ The people’ Ss: ‘liberties neyer will he wholly sez! cure, but the - pending proposals; will leave them less tpperiled. Washington Ster Syndicate. ~ a MAY 1 4 1976 FEt-BUPFALG. t& Lip 37 J eae a ON 2 eee Re a RY aE SIC aieie eee 4 iaie ange. aged (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) 22 BUFFALO EVENING NEW _ Buffalo, New York | —t Date: 5/13/76 Edition: Late City Author: Complete Editor: Character: Classtticat ‘on? 62~-2665—. } Submitting Office Buffalo | Being Investigated SEARCHED: SERIALIZE 2 a {
FD-350 (Rev. 11-11-75) a ERS On ne ornare rent mere? (Mount Clipping in Space Below) ee weet Sarena wom ee ms ~ Cori ing Surveillance Sickness As tired as most Americans are of re- peated disclosures of official lawbreak- ing by federal intelligence agencies, the final report of the Senate Select Commit- tee on Intelligence Activities is still a shocker. It starkly portrays wholesale illegal acts against citizens here at home over the past 40 years by such federal agencies as the FRI, the CIA and the IRS under the administrations of the six Presidents from FDR to Nixon. These agencies were used to harass individuals. They were used to try to ;break up marriages. They tried to ostra- | cize people from their professions. They compiled hundreds of thousands of dos- siers. They opened and photographed ;250,000 first-class letters, They sought to ' provoke dissension and rivalries that could evon result in death, And they sometimes did these things merely be- cause someone in power disliked the po- litical views or the personalities of the targeted victims, “Anyone who could not feel revulsion at the attitude of mind reflected by the abuses chronicled in that report would seem immune to the historic American . Besk 4 , Bask 53 6. Desk 6 7. kfS#. 1 2. 3, Sec. SUP A 5 WW 54965 Docld:32989503 Page 262 - a ideals of individual liberty and limited government. That attitude is summed up in the report’s quotation of William Sul- livan,. former assistant FBI director: “The one thing we were concerned about was this: Will this course of action work, will it get us what we want? ... As far as legality is concerned, morals or ethics, (it) was never raised by myself or anybody else ... I think this suggests really in government that we are Sweden amoral.” That, too often, was your FBI in ac- tion — and also, apparently, your IRS and CIA. But now it’s time, and past time, for a change. The Senate Commit- tee suggests several refurms. But the single most important one is to write this clear-cut principle into law: “There is no inherent constitutional au- thority for .. . any intelligence agency to violate the law.” mt if this is the government-of-laws-not- men that the Founding Fathers intended, then no future agent of the government should be in doubt that the lew applies to him as much as to any private citizen. | on rn Ue (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) 18 BUFFALO EVENING NE Buffalo, New York c puree 5/7/76 Date: Edition: City Author: Editor, M. C. Browne Tite: SENSTUDY Character: or ra Classificatign: 62-2655. Submitting Office: BUTT aLO {1 Being Investi gated en | (ne
FD-350 (Rev. 11-11-75) HW 34965 Docid: 32989503 (Mount Clipping in Space Below) FBI Spy Net Poses Peril To Society, Report Says United Press Internationat WASHINGTON, May 7 — The FBI calls them “intelligence in- formants,” a more elegant term for what the general pub- lic knows crudely as squealers, -finks or stoolpigeons. The murky world of the professional intelligence — in- formant was penetrated for the first time in detail Thursday in a Senate Intelligence Commit- tee staff report which said the FBI had more than 1500 under- cover spies on a $7.4 million payroll as of last year. It warned that the mass of information on the lives and ac- tivities of targeted individuals and groups and the methods used pose “dangers to a free society” and said FBI guide- ines should be clarified and strengthened. a PREPARED BY the staff of he committee which is now completing documentation of its 15-month investigation of intelligence agencies, the “re- port expressed alarm at “‘the extremely bread scope of FRI intelligence informant surveil- lance ana reporting.” “The dangers to a free soci- ety that are inzplicit in the use of secret intelligence informers have long been recognized,”” it aid. “The intelligence inforti. nt technique is not a precise jnctrument. By its very nature, it risks governmental monitar- 7 we 2 0. ssi TS Vhs 3, Sec. suo “ Desk 4 Desk 5 t Desk 6 7 LASA Page 263° - ing of constitutionally protected activity and the private lives of Americans.” Informants have infiltrated or reported on — among others — the Black Panthers, the Ku Klux Klan, anti-war organiza- tions, college campuses and even the women’s liberation movement, the report said. Any and all information is welcomed, from personal and political views of ‘targets’ to their finances and sex lives, 2 * OF Beamttetieneni 2? ‘QN FACT, intelligence in- formants report on virtually every aspect of a group’s ac- tivities serving, in ihe words of both FBI officials and an in- formant, as a ‘vacuum cleaner’ of information,” the repart said. According to records given the committee, as of June 30, 1975, the FBI had 1584 inform- ants, of whom 1040 were regu- lar spies and 554 were on “probation status” pending establishment of their reliability. There also were 649 ‘‘confi- dential sources” and 200 ‘‘panel - sources,” it said — individuals who furnish information avaii- able to them in their positions ‘in the political or business life ;of the community, or who ‘would attend certain events in ‘order to report on them te the | EBL They are not paid. (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) 7} ee BUFFALO EVENING NEWS Buffalo, New York Date: 5/ ? / 7 6 Edition: Citw Author: , . Editor: Title: SENSTUDY Character: or — Classification: 62-2665. Submitting Office: ‘Buffalo {_] Being Investigated May 24" 197€
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| FD-350 (Rev. 11-11-75) ew ae mee etme 7 2 "Cmelatinemmenn gy Legislators Overhear Pg (Mount Clipping in Space Below) onthe report did not name any 4 of the legislators or foreign of-: ficials involved. The report onelecfronic surveillance is ane of 13% d volumes being issued by te | committee in support of its report on domestic spying. | In Wiretaps Evesdropping material _ in- nformation regarding contacts between members of Congress bna foreign officials was picked up by FBI wiretaps and bugs “and forwarded to Presidents Johnson and Nixon, according WASHINGTON & i to a Senate Intelligenee Com- mittee staff report. The 79-page report released Sunday stressed that none of ‘the legislators was the direct target of electrenic eavesdrop- ping, but instead they were overheard ‘‘through the bureau’s coverage of certain foreign establishments in Washington,” probably em- bassies. The report cited the raves- dropping as an example of a situation in which “even pro- perly authorized electronic surveillances directed against reign targets ... may result nn possible abuses involving ~smerican citizens,” nce Loe 9, ASAC_ Ave poe LS Oe 3. Sec. Supyr. 4. Desk 4 a, Desk 5 6. Desk 6 VALASH. NW 34965 Doocld: 32999503 Page 265 volving members of Congress was first sent to the Johnson ‘_ White House in March 1966 in response to a request from the * President “that the FBI should constantly keep abreast of the actions of representatives of these foreign officials in mak- © ing contacts with senators and congressmen,” according to a bureau memo quoted in thea report. . Johnson felt that many of the | protests against his Vietnam | policies, particularly hearings ' in the “enalte, had been! generated by the foreign of- ficials, the memo said. “As a yresult of the President’s request, the FBI prepared a chronological sum- mary — based in part on ex- isting electronic survillances — of the contacts of each senator representative or staff member who communicated with selected foreign establishments ‘during the period July 1, 1964, to March 17, 1966,”’ the report said. Cetera ae A second summary of further’ contacts between legislators and foreign officials was sent to ; the White House in May 1966, ‘according to the report. From then until the Johnson. ad- ‘ ~ministration left offiee  “‘bi- weekly additions to the second summary were regularly prepared and disseminated ta, | pe While House,” the report aid. The practice was reins ituted* ‘yy the Nixon administration i’ duly 1970. . (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) b COURIER EXPRESS Buffalo, New York — ¢e pure? Edition: Four Star Author: Editor: Title: SENSTUDY Character: or 62"2665 Submitting Office:Buffalo (__] Being Investigated Classification:
FD-3EU (Rev. 7-16-63) (Mount Clipping in Space Below) i a wee Sep eee cp cane - ~ es Jack Sadarson’s 8 “Washington Merty-Go- Go- Round 7 Public Deluded Ab soit. FBI Break-In | an ee 5 : WASHINGTON’ The FBI, |=" TERROR O ONIN TERNAL, without technically télling -qn_ Sources, however, we have ‘untruth, has léd: the public to - -ascertained that sore top FBI- believe Jits agents took part-in Officials believe the 1:000-to- ‘tio, more than 238 criminal ,2000 figuré is. a “conseryative housebreakings; The actual fig-° estimate”? of the total. house- . ‘ure is, well over. 1,000 and: may ‘bréakings. ‘These indlude not. ' surpass: 2,000. as ‘only: ‘burglaries to get in- These “black: ‘bag jobs,’ as formation but break-ins ‘to in- ‘the late FBI ‘chief J. Edgar ‘Stall bugging devices. :Hopver called them, wereem- Our source said the ‘house- ;ployed principally against sus- “breakkings go ‘back far ‘beyond ‘pected spies, organized. crime 1942 and never - terminated figures, foreign diplomats. anda -eompletely in 1968., Under FBI few dangerous: ‘revolutionaries, rehief Clarence Kelley, howeyer,. , ne the bureay. hag . scrupulous BUT HOOVER also sért his. . fllotied legal ‘procedures, © “agents to burglarize the prem! ; : ‘ises of law-abiding U:S.. citizens ,} ‘THE SENATE” “Vitel erlce: , Whom the old I'BE curmudgeon 3 i Coihinitise,; méaniyhile, ‘pas * sippuhe.diclikked. ‘, ° pushed the FBI hard for more Confidential. FRI memos, ok: complete break-in figures. ‘The tained ‘by the ‘Senate Titel- iM rel 5t tligence Conimittee, acknowl-' ~-eortmpittes will release a. vepot ‘edge that tle, “black: ‘bag” jobs i ‘shortly showing ‘the ‘confirmed i violated the -ctithinal laws the housebreakings totaled slightly’ ORBI was supposed. to epfgrée. _ less.than 1,000, Our higher fig- . Yet we have learned’from. FRI + “Pes, however, conie from in- . sources : that Hoover, althqugh | i -disputablé FBI sourcés. La sworn ‘to uphold. ithe ‘laws, “péer- ; The ‘FBI said the technique: sonally sanctioned: ‘more - ‘than: was used only ‘ to: obtain ‘seqret, 1,000 of the ‘break-ins, ” i and ‘closely guarded -orgariiza- (Indicate page, name of newspaper, ctty and state.) 12 COURIER EXPRESS _Buffalo, New York ee ot .tional and finaricial infotmation’. oa *NOT UNTIL 1967 did Hoover ! or to plant.electrotic equipment fake steps, in a self-seryiig | in the. most “highly selective” memo turned-up by the Senate ip cases. ; yprobers, to énd ‘the break-ins, , Even then, we have learnéd,’ "tt i i FOOTNOTE: Those who be: Date: 5/10/76 Edition: Four Star NW 54965 Docld: 32989503 . Wasn't, his own idea. but pres- Yieve in: Jaw and order had bet= sure from then-Atty. Gen. Ramsey Clark that brought ‘the . change, The figure | “GE 288 “Sur. ! reptitious entries, * as the bur- * glaries were politely called,. , first appeared if an FBI memo ‘to the Senate’ committee on , * Committee led by ‘Chairman. Sent 23, 1975. PTE MEMO: ACCURATELY * abut cagily reported that the 938 | housebreakings -were perpe- + trated against 14° “domestic ! : Subversive targets” ‘during ‘the ° "1942-68 period: But a careful ; : Yeading shows.thé bureau left a. ‘hedgé, Almost in passing, the - ;memo indicates the figure is | :“Gncomplete.” Indeed, Hoover purposely de-* ‘strayed many of the records . dealing swith the brits? ' ter demand that it begin with the ‘government, A -lawless goyériment is fan-inore dan- gerous. than any lawless in-’ dividual, Yet in spite of the clear ‘eyidence: that the FBI,- CIA aid other agencies-engaged: in illegal acts, the Senate Rules Howard Cannon, D-Nev.,. voted against -Stfong ‘aversight of tiese-agenties. = Page 266 L SAC BZ 3. Sec. Supvr._ es 4. Desk 4. #7 5. jDesk 5 § Desk 6 Author: Editor: Titles SENSTUDY ‘ Character; Submitting Office aLo C] Being Investigated
? IAG (Ree, 11-71-7A) e WASHINGTON, May 10 hundreds of break-ins, The _ break-ins, officially known as “surreptitious entries,” were conducted for the purpose of photographing oi seizing documents and in- stalling bugs, according to the report “yeleased today. The report is one of a gence panel’s staff to back up recommendations in the com- mittee’s final report. oO & THE JUSTICE Denartment sui! permits the bureau to con- duct break-ins to install bugs and refuses to rule out the pos- sibility of. using unauthorized entries or “black bag” jobs, to obtain documents from foreign intelligence targets, the 17-page report noted, “Althotgh several attérneys general were aware of the FBI practice of break-ins to inétall electronic listening devices, there is no indication that the FBU informed any attorney general abcut its use of black | bag jobs,” the report said. Port stated that ‘we do not ob- tain authorization for black bag | jobs from outside the bureau. ’ Such a technique involves tres-' passing andi is clearly illegal.” - bh eS) THE FSI was unable to pro-- vide the committee with a com- plete accounting of the total number of break-ins because most records were destroyed socn a‘ter an entry was accomm-i plished, the report said. ' Figures provided by the FBI: showed there were at least 242 break-ins against suspected, domestic subversives between 1842 and 1968 and that since, 1960 the FBI conducted more} than 500 break-ins to install, bugs. i “Almost as many surrepti-' tious entries were conducted in the-same period against (arvels NW 54965 Docld: 32989503 wd 2 of Questionabl: Associated Press series prepared by the intelli- , An FBI memo cited in the re- +. am (Mount Clipping in Space Sclow) sthe FEI -— The FBI has conducted “despite the questionable legality of the technique and its deep intrusion into the privacy of targeted individuals,” a Senate Intel- ligence Committee staff report says. of criminal investigations,”’ the report said. The report named the Ku Klux. Klan and the Socialist Workers Party as two of the targets of FBI black bag jebs. x ee Ok A PARTIAL LIST of material obtained from break-ins against the Socialist Workers Party in- cluded correspondence detail- ing plans to obtain petition signatures to get the party on the ballot in the 1960 elections, a letter sent to President Dwight Eisenhower, a list of party members active in trade unions, photographs of party members and letters relating to the health of the national party chairman. SAC — ASC RL. Sec, SUEY &, Os eck 4 fs ea lat Page 267 —~ a re Ue fEG a om bre Ga £-1F s) FBi Director J. Edgar Hoov- er banned black bag jobs in 1966, although the Justice De- partment has not ruled out their future use in foreign intel- ligence cases, the report added. * * * o IN A COMMITTEE staff re- port issued Sunday, it was dis- closed that information regard- ing contacts between members of Congress and foreign tfi- cials was picked up by FBI wiretaps and bugs and for- warded to Presidents Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard M. Nixon. The report stressed that none of the Jegislators was the di- rect target of electronic eaves- dropping but instead were overheard ‘‘through the bu- reau's coverage of certain for- eign establishments in Wash- ington,” probably embassies. The report did not name any of the legislators or foreign Officials involved. . 4. e- | "(Indicate page, name of i Q a newspaper, city and state.) 19 BUFFALO EVENING NEWS Buffalo, New York 5/10/76 City Date: Edition: Author: Editor: Title: SENSTUDY Character: or Classificatjon: 62~2665. yf Submitting Office ‘Burfalo {__] Being Investigated
FD-350 tRev. 7-16-63) « (Mount Clipping in Space Below) On Citizens, | | Report Says WASHINGTON (UPI) National Security eet (NSA), the most secretive and’ reportedly the lafgest of all U.S, intelligence groups, until ' 1975: intercepted..and distributed. ‘ private international communi-. cations of, millions of Amer-* -icans, a Senate staff repoit . said Monday. > | Telephone, telegraphic™ and Telex communications were in- “tercepted over a 23-year period without warrants or without.any ° | legal or judicial decisions, the ‘S0-page report said. : The report was.one of a:series - fiom fthe staff of, the Senate.’ -Tntelligerice Committee which : «has been investigating U.S. Ins _telligence agencies for moré than a year. se {Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state,} 2 COURIER EXPRESS _Buffalo, New York ¢ ‘Foreign Gonnections® sy Names. were filed in NSAJ “headquarters at Fi. Meade; ° ‘Md. of sorne 75,000. U.S. citizens whose. “comniutiications ‘were ‘ subject to monitoring the: re-* “port said. , * “Watchlists” were maintained | ‘under Operation Minaret of a: - smaller group of citizens whose , every ovefseas telephone éall ‘or cable was intercépted arid . , the inforniation relayed to the . ’ GIA, FBI, Defense ‘Intelligence, “ Secret Service, Narcotiés Biredus~aad other“weeacice: Date: 5/11/76 Edition: Four Star Author: Editor: Title: SENSTUDY Cheracter; or Classification: (62-2665 Submitting Office DuLTaito ) Being Investigated MAY £11976 3 et { : . RAT AGUA GE Meanie . _MW 54565 Doold: 32589503 Page 268
FD-350 (Rev. 11-11-75) (Mount Clipping in Space Below) ie - Bill to Limit F For months now Americans have been deluged with startling disclosures of how various federal agencies have pried into confidential records, tapped telephones, traced mail and otherwise rudely brushed aside personal liberties. While the disclosures themselves have been legion, however, new laws to pre- vent their recurrence have not. That absence of corrective legislation is a major reason why the so-called Bill of Rights Procedures Act (H.R. 214), now working its way slowly through the committee system of the House of Repre- sentatives, looks so beneficial. ptanheneac Another reason is that it confronts the problem—the acknowledged need to in- vestigate possible criminal activities while still protecting individual liberties —in a sensible way. The proposal, sponsored by Rep. Charles Mosher (R., Ohio) and co-spon- sored by several dozen House members ~ of both political parties, would not prohibit such investigative techniques as mail covers and wiretaps. Rather, it would require clear, uniform proce- dures designed to provide convincing justification for such surveiliance. To take one example, the tracing of mail from sender to receiver could be justified only if one of three conditions were established first: to locate a fugi- tive; to investigate mail fraud; to inves- Snniteentemennel! NW 54965 Docld:32989503 Page 269 ederal P erai Fr ying tigate a felony offense. Strict recordse would have to be kept, the authority to proceed would be pinpointed in specified officials and any authorization would have to be renewed every 30 days. Hence, mail covers could not, even when authorized initially, go on and on unre- viewed for years. We are not legislators, of course, and H.R. 214 may not be perfect. Aiso, it does not cover investigations for national se- curity reasons. This is an area of grave abuse, too, but one in which another bill, x proposed by the Ford administration and | supported by séveral Democratic leaders in Congress, would produce reforms. But the Mosher bill is impressive in its concept and its objectives. It has undergone hearings and won approval from a key House subcommittee. We urge the House, and especially its mem- bers from Western New York, to give this measure, which has already won en- dorsements from such diverse institu- tions as the AFL-CIO and the National Association of Mutual Savings Banks, sympathetic attention. The numerous revelations of govern- ment snooping have made the case for corrective legislation crystal clear, By tightening and clarifying and standardiz- |! ing procedures for federal agencies, this *: bill would suitably limit the reach of-: those agencies into individual lives. i! Cam metinatiomennd - agp natienteennit® (indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) C-2 BUFFALO EVENING NEW: Buffalo, New York ce Bureau 1 - 80-1876 5/15/76 City M. C. Browne’ SENSTUDY - EDITORIAL Date: Edition: Author: Editor: Title: ‘ Character: or Classification: 62-2665" Submitting Office: Buffalo (__] Being Investigated fe Nar 1976 d EO
NW 54965 DocId: FD-3E0 (Rev, 7-16-63) Julian Bond — 7 tee has’ -found § . —— ae Pateneraoe (Mount Clipping in Space Below) named No Reforms i inthe CIA? - IN TES final. report, Sen. Frank ‘Chiirch's Senate Select. Commit- tee on Intelligence Activities said: “The commit- #3 that the :Central. , ‘Tntelligente Ag- ency attaches ai particular im* } ‘portance to book- ‘publishing activ,” ities as a form of covert: propa- ganda.”* While officials’ of the ChA were - not the publishéfs-of the Church ‘committée’ 's. final report, they ‘vere among its most aggressive ‘and influential ~ editors. They fought publication of anything they thought might discredit the agency, even material already in: the public record, ° . [a Som » THE CIA BEGAN protesting: early and: resorted to caleulated: ‘obstruction: a:nd’ “harassment; And, with the tinfemitting : ‘suip-3 port of the Ford administration, i the benign, approval of promi-' nent congressional: leaders, ‘the: endorsement, of. some citizens and_ the indifference of ofhersst the CIA has won. It is truethat the Church com) mittee’s leadership: often ac-, f quiesced in the‘ OIA’s insistent, appeals to- delete -material.or re’ phrase it. As a ‘result, its find-| ings ‘and: fecommendations aul stantially lack the power, the: credibility and the tone of inde- pendence and vitality essential ‘to compel reform of the nation’s corrupted intelligence “seiviees. | —SS BUT THE COMMITTER ij is not: to blame for the snarling recep- fion given fo iis plausible pro- posal for ‘@ new congressional committee-on intelligence “ovér- { sight.” The reaction came from powerful committee chiefs who Yefuse to surrender their shares of the punny control authority that now exists, °. ~ The committee’s final ac-! _gounting Jacks. certain detail . d' determination, But its cata . ogue of CIA and FBI abuses | Muthority, including the 25-ye r ‘gionitoring of the “wholly law. ful. political activity’’ of pees nent SA A earn S2589503 Page 270 NAACP, amounted to a thors ough listing of the dreadfully: neglected official business ‘be-, fore Congréss in the sphere of intelligence control, Wuat, AS A ‘praetical mate ter, has been done to interdict, the murderous covert operations: -abroad.and the poisonous spying, at home? What about.the “black- bag” jobs and the perversian o£ the. intelligence, function? In the final analysis, nol. The Ford administration skill-' ‘fully exploited the fimeral‘of a “slain CIA station chief in order to forestall reforms, instituting. certain “executive order” changes which permit little, if: any, cohgressional or public ye-: view. Nor is official Washing-: -‘ston- alone to -blame. Corrupt. abuses of the CIA's authority’ has. been actively assisted: ‘by college professors, “clergymen, reporters, police;.1 labor, industry and other's. a mntee® | : ener, WER, of eauise, those who assisted the CIA um- { wittingly: The ‘tragic drug ex- ‘periment. victims, for example., And there ave doubtless millions: of Arhericans. who: feel. a sicken-! ing sense of betrayal in the cyn-- ical spectacle produced by the ‘Senate Rulles Committee of an intelligence “study committee” with no: power of any real dis mensions. - ®. Black Press SOvistacace | penne ihn {Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) it COURIER EXPRESS _ Buffalo, New York 5/15/76 Date: Edition: Four Star Author: Editor: Title: SENSTUDY Cheracter: Classification: 62-2665 3% Submitting Ome Beetete {[] Being Investigated ep, a ee e Saki 3
FD-JEU (Rev. 7-16-63) WASHINGTON®— The Pentagon, which once kept files on the political activities of some 100,000 Américans, still spies on -citizens ‘thought to pose a “threat” to the milifary,-a Senate Intelligence. ‘Committee staff repott said Sunday. | Although the report stressed. ithat military spying “has ‘been greatly reduced,” it said that (Pentagon directives are “so ambiguous” that widespread ‘surveillance of civilians could ‘According to the report, ilitary agents have been thorized: to penetrate civilian “i groups on nine oteasions since jthe new directives went into effect in. 1971. Most . of . the Whilitary spying sitice 1971 ‘has ‘heen done by the Navy at. ‘basés in Charleston, S.C., and San Diego and -Long _ Beach, ‘Calif., the report indicated. * iOveiseas Activities ate=-t0t , ii addition, military ‘intelli- . twence agencies continue to spy ‘on American. civilians living mear military installations in | ‘Japan and West Germany, the -- ‘xeport said. In Berlin, the Army y¢pened mail addréssed to an. hjndergrouid newspaper affili- , a ed with a group founded in 1972 under the name “Amefi- , ‘cans.in Berlin for McGovern,” - according to the report. | ' Much of the 49page staff fe- port detailed incidents which . have been the subject of con- : gressional hearings dating back ; to 1971 when they were fitst ‘disclosed in the press. Among pee were:, Sametime —Sending 1,500 a.g-ents ‘to virtually every -city in the coun- pe to collect information on e most trivial of political dis- Sent” and store it in computers. i fhe Army maintained files on j rsons ranging from ‘Sen. Adlai ' Stevenson and Rep, Abner‘ likya, both D-IlL, to singers ‘ rlo Guthrie and Joan Baez. Army agents posed as ERTS | WW 54965 Doold: 32989503 Pentagon | Still | Spying ‘On American Civi lians Page 271 ZN __(Hount Clipping In Space Below) exec ~ = newsmen at the 1968 Democratic National Convention and attended a Halloween party for Seliool children in search for a dissident. — Monitors Radios —Monitoring: citizen, police and taxi band radios during demonstrations like the 19.67 march on-the Pentagon, the 1968 poor people's campaign and the national political conventions. The monitoring continued de- spite a law prohibiting anyone from interceptitig private radio transmissions and an opinion by: the Federal Communications Commission that it was illegal., Aimong the sutveillance activ ities . undertakéi. since 197k were listed: ' Penetration by the Naval investigative. Service of: twa a anti. war gtoups in- San Diego, cone! of which was protesting the! deployment of ships to Vietnam! —Penetration ‘by Air Force agents of an underground news- paper near Travis ATB, Calif. —Penetration of an antiwar) group. planning. to. protest the! departure of Navy ships fiom! Charleston, S.C. to Vietiiam. —Loaning a Navy agent ‘to the FBI for the purpdse of in- flitrating “a ‘dissident group with antimilitary gbjectives in Long Beach, Calif.” 5...» 3 NIWA ape che AMEE DCE eGR a PAN, ac PRE eo gr ATO GET a ETRE ADONL AE REED, FF SPOON SUMING SUNS OUR GROTTO NATE. i. | (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) 3 —— COURIER EXPRESS _Buffalo, New York 5/17/76 Four Star Date: Edition: Author: Editor: Title: SENSTUDY Character: or > as Classification: 62~26652 . Submitting once BUEPETS Cj Being Investigated { “I MAY D7 1976 - i
Nw 34965 Doold: 32939503 FD-350 (Rev. 7-16-63) } ‘ United Press International - -. WASHINGTON, May. w-A ‘Senate Intelligence: Committee 'staff report says the military hight’ again spy on: civilians if ‘the United States undergoes, another ‘era of domestic pro- tests like those of the Viet war, A report, ‘the latest in. a Series. issued by the committee “on its 15-month investigation, said the only significant limits oh military surveillance of ‘U.S, «civilians are. ; gelf-imiposed. and could be. rescinded by. the Defense ‘Department . at any time, * “While there is no Taw. specifi- ‘ed ny. authorizing. _ military. spying - on ‘eivilians, ‘it sald; “there is. no. statute’ "which: exe ' ‘préssly prohibits” the practice. The report said Péntagon- ‘orders issuéd in: 1971, litnited. surveillance. activities” ~againsk: ‘private “citizens ‘and: otganizay.; Carmichael: atid: 4 (Mount Clipping in Space Below} —— —- ant tions after such: spying was exe posed in the press anda con- gressional investigation was 7 rerun, ‘Although. the Defense Depart: , had no intention of -resumitig - ‘suich-activifies, the report said: “Tt cannot dispute the fact that. such.a possibility remains,” |.” The report included informa: tion about the military’s. spying; tactics “and - specific examples of domestic spying, most of which- haye long been public. Agents. -fxequently.” got theix informatioén by posing as -re- porters and photographers,. the« report said, Ariny. agents posed. as, television repofters ‘to. inter view demonstration ‘leaders ‘at! ‘the 1968 ‘Democratic National ° Convention, in- Chicago; They ‘also. misrepresentef themselves. to-interview. Stokléey. He “Rap: “Rap: Brown" SCG renin Page 272 TT RE BRE A NR No Law BarsNewS pying on Civilians Intelligence Probers Warn in Report in New’ York’ ivy 1967, the’ staff 5 of the Southern: Christian Lead-. ership Conference. in 1968,, and: _ tocaver the 1969. inguguration , of Richard, Nixon," it said. ** (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) t 6 BUFFALO EVENING NEW _ Buffalo, New York 9/17/76 Date: Edition: Date City Author: Complete Editor: . title: SENSTUDY Character: Classification: 62-2665 ~ DS Submitting Office Buffalo Cj Being Investigated MAY Daig76. ¢ FBI-BUFFALO.
FD-350 (Rev. 7-16-63) AR ae, a (Mount Clipping in Space Below) A Step Towa ard. Secret Police | ‘Associated Press i Ne information. ath * mail opening tandrari t _ report said today-! The files werp cal : part of Operation’ spite then-CIA. Directorsh ch f ard Helms written: “i ta; ive ifthe White House in’ 1969 ve “this is an ‘area Hot. with y fc} Be 8 La o oO mR oO. rh* ‘ct, Ee = 7) fe] og -@ Se 3 ae | gence Committee ae BYE The GIA chatter bars. a ‘om part-time i agents, internal security ne ' Operation CHAOS: bed 2 plang. and artitildes Presidents, Lyidon B, Ja¥gson sand Richard M. - ‘Nix6 to; ungéver any foreign in ance” ‘behitid. domestic unrest. W&gony; finued despite’ repeated ind-. ngs that disturbances at- home: : fvere not controlled or fingyge gage rom abroad, the Senate 5 ii added, ‘dent ' homes, ithe. report said 1970. t+? ‘from 1967 to 1973, ‘information _,ab- out “particularly- on: campuses;’ report said. clippings ‘but also includ ‘the report, t +1 Project 2 began in 1970: 3 NW 54965 ° Docid: 32989503 CIA Files Called #2 vithee.- +. as i oh ; Me some INSTANCE ‘photograp $s were taken .a doin * mestic contact service, | "persons were followed tortheyy which obtained from lodal law ' “mack lasted until , September Resistance, «w hich jast “comp ré ae + groups around the country =the he The -project develo; ed ant appeared fo constitute a, moni- - “estimates ‘ah to. 700: filesapohe toring of the political views and ‘ ‘ sistiig mainly of news ae rie * . “information from confidentig| sources in the local communi ly ‘snch as’.campus officials: sani q ; police: authorities,” accor ing: . 3 sa i paraté, “operation in Which: Shout. 20.agenis ‘entered Azneyj ‘can universities in- preparation pe ES tee ee — ere . SWHILE ‘PREPARING. for, Their foture assignments, they, i provided: considerable informa-' “tid on their associates, dissi-' dent organizations, demonstra-! oe plans and sometimes per: ; id Tt information,” the report , “a © Ge =, iaforniation gathered trom} all three projects went into 2° Peart Ca mee, em * WASHINGTON, May 18—Taking cy. step: toward computerized index -of sortie’ the dangers of a domiestic secret police,” the CIA amassed files on: thousands, of Americans, including |. i a by. "electronic eavesdropping, reover T agetits, @ Senate ‘Stalt 300,060 American namés kept; by Operation CHAOS, : CHAOS, which Kept separate ' files on an estimated 75 0:0; Americans, also télied-om infor: ; ‘mation supplied by its own cagents, CIA field offices in the | =f United States and: abroad, the | eee th majl opening: p ro-: , the FRI and the National : shrity Agency, the « report Pe pine EE nS ‘ SE BI with “well over 5000 ° Agrts” -on American dissi- ae ts, according to the- report, : 3 .7 : ae return, CHAOS supplied | ae et canstugs ae east pe CHAOS agent attended ; Merrimack was gradually: expanded. to ite] * oss e “any, Reece aa Q 40s agent “with particular- response to demands. bm such groups. 2s ,the Womient, Strike for ‘Peace, the Washing eace | ‘Center, the Congfdks{ acial: Equality, and'the’ ‘Sipe ‘ates deméonistrations against thigVietnam war in Washitg- | Bi the report said. A second We entree into the highest ' ‘eveist.of a segment of the, domestic radical community ees reported.a: great deal'of de- 4 tailed information, some -ex-' frgmely personal.” ; ala the CHAOS also. in-. ¥ ‘Non:Violetit Co-ordinatit a eliided the “questionable” in-: ement of the @IA’s: venforcement authorities infor- | ‘-midtion about meetings of New tae if Lett: groups and the | funding of i Black Parither party, ‘the | tr.said, ‘ a 8 See I AGENCY'S own review of CHAOS ih 1972 found what ! activities of Americans." not: known to be or suspected of | ite phe involved in -espionage,” 4 Lacgording to a CIA document j noted in the report, wefe asked to report on the si} whereabouts and activities of pipminent persons ++. Whose af cothings arid gaings were not only in the publié domain but |ZoF. whom allegation of subver- . ‘es seemed sufficiently, nebu- lous to raise reriewed. doubts as o the nature and legitimacy of the -CHAOS. programy Sid he Themo added, ‘“Qccasionally, (CIA) stations F ‘si (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) 8 BUFFALO EVENING NEW _ Buffalo, New York | Date: 5/18/76 Edition: Late City Author: Compl ete Editor: Title: SENSTUDY Characters Classification: £22665 acer Submitting Oftice BOPFAL oO Being Investigated Gera i seven 1 May 1 9 1976 AN
FD-350 (Rev. 7-16-63) ; “ (Mount Clipping in Space Below) ; » [skepticism ‘from the Whit HA & - rouse -uader- two ad ; - S i “sministrations arid pressures: for re | 7 furthér enquiry, In response to WW... FY.: ray [this “skepticism, Chaos consi ; Was sp: f:; tiguéd.to expand its coverage of, r ee ages yAmeficants ‘in order to. increase > WASHINGTON. (UPI) =1,ie While, House confidence in the. (GIA spied on, thousands4of, aceuracy of is findigs. ‘Americans for ‘eight years sin ‘he..course of the in- a (‘. (indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) funder orders from @ vestigation, the: report added,, 2 ipresidents,. who were skepti al, the CIA ‘spied on thousands oft —_ ‘when its investigation failed'"to:AMericans:zind maintained files! ‘show that foréign governments 91. many, more, all in violation, jwere manipulating antiwap of its © atutory charter con- ‘protests, a Senate staff report pe ae ‘activities fo foreign. said.on. Tuesday... 4. tS UMIEMSEN CO. eee “Both Presidents, .Lyidon’ -B,, Fills.Out Picture Hs? Jolinson and Richatd-M, Nixon he spying, | infiltration,” ordéfed the. agéncyto ga back Wiretaps and mail openings COURIER EXPRESS Buffalo, New York and try harder when it reportdg'contimmed:"until March 5, 1974," protests against the Wielaah when thén:CIA Director William’ . . \War were <n ot <6 sige Colby ended the project, The‘ \orehestrated in foreign 5 State domestic spying was covered: \ te spying began ‘unid‘e-nextensively in. the Rockefeller; ‘Johnson in. 1967’ .and. coftinued:Comiiission report on the} ‘under Nixon with the; code-agéticy, last June .and by the- ‘ ‘wames “Chaos,” “Mertihack,*Senate panel in its  in-. ‘and “Resistance;” according to'vesfigations. Tuesday’s staff ‘the Senate Intélligencd, Camsrepayt was designed to fill out: nittee.study. +! the. picture, SS ' He Chaos affiee ai “‘The'data went to-the FBI and’ ' participated. in: the preparation the: White House, ‘and the Ohaos - vot _soine half, ‘dozen, aiajor operation ‘was widened with | ‘reports, for higher authorities operations ~ Merrithack and: ‘all of which concluded that nor igsistance, Which | ‘supposedly i bignificant role was béingwere for internal. ‘CLA security , iblayed by foreign elements inbut iyhich peaked, into he various proves tAmbdyel domestic scene aswell,” 4 f b Li aS, 7 Date: 5/19/76 Edition: Four Star Author: Editor: Title: SENSTUDY Character; r Classification: 62-266 52 [e) Submitting Office Cl Being Investigated Docld: 32989503 Page 274
FD-3EU (Rev. 7-16-63} (Mount Clipping in Space Below) oe pee ea ee ae Bee ed Senate Votes | W atchdog’ Panel. ‘For Spy Agencies ' WASHINGTON (AP) -+ The - his panel fetaii its exclusive >Sehate on - Wednesday. jurisdiction” over the ‘National : oyérwhelmingly. approved crea= ‘Security | Agency, the: Defengé* tion, of’ a permanent committee Tntelligence Agency and, othet « designed to monitor and..control}. Defense: Department spy agen. ; thé activities of ‘the CIA, EBL cies, - z _and other Américain spy: agen- “The: Stennis. am eam. ent; « Gfés,, . si “would have stripped -the- new: | "vA, resdlution creating the 15. .oversight committee’, of any “metaber Senate panel was ab Aegislative or ‘budgetar- vs aupta 72 #0. 99 vote after ‘authority - over Pentagon in- | ; telligence activités, asaeoaa, i 2 “Stennis. argued’ that: military secs ncn inte li ence agencies “gust were aaron agar aoe i oo the se ‘eg + “ive-teong mati. * ‘® documented by the select corns | € . r t Passage of the resolution. mittee senator “abkinowledged, | ‘makked. the first legislation to- ‘however, that the Army “got a. «result from, the Senate ‘Select ttle over ‘the line’ in its “Intelligence Cominifted's” “15 Suryeillarice of antiwar groups . month investigation of spy in the late 1960s. * agencies, A recently réleaséd oni: | ' Sen, Walter F. Mondale, D- mittee staff report said the .Minn., called thé Senate yote, »Army amassed files on ani "histone Chain Government, estimated 100, 00g. aliens. Rene! petations Chairman Abraham iéporis” haye detaile , } Ribicoff, D-Comi.,. noted that massive futekception of in | the first resolution to create.an ternational communications. intelligence | oversight . Coni- Sen. Johh Tower,, R-Tex,, . Mittee was introduced 20 years., another member of the Armed i ago bj Majority Leader Mike ‘Services panel who- opposes. the \ Mansfield, ~ new oversight committee, con- Armed: Serviegs Committee «tended that the abuses disclosed ‘by the select committee Were iss “the exception rather than the i a NW_54965 Docld:32989503 Page 275 ade the Senate to. Jet rule,”? _ Se 1 — COURIER EXPRESS _Buffalo, New York Date: Edition: Author: Editor: Title: Cheracter: or Classtificedtion: Submitting Otten "ERT? a if wa MAY) (Indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) 5/20/76 SENSTUDY M1976 FBI—BUFFALO. Four Star 02-2665) 77 CE) Being Investigated FED anmemnmcenanss: ‘
FD-350 (Rev. J 1-11-75)  ] Clashes: Church . CEDAR SPRINGS, Iowa } — The FBI provoked con- frontations between radical groups but did not provoke confrontations between those groups and police, Sen. Frank Church testified Friday at the murder trial of two American Indian Movement (AIM) members, Church, chairman of the . Senate Select Committee on In- ; telligence Activities, was called as a defense witness for Darelle - Butler, 33, of Rogue River, Ore,, and Robert Robideau, 29, of Portland, Ore. The two are charged in the June 26, 1975, killing of two FBI agents. : Defense lawyer William Kunstler said Church was sub- poenaed to show the “habit or propensity” of the FBI to fabricate or provoke con- NW 34965 Doocld: 32389503 Page 276 (Mount Clipping in Space Below) FBI Stirred ~~ targeted for Surveillance’ Caurck said his commitlee’s investigation of Bi activities revealed “cases that involved one targeted organization directed against another. I do not reeall any care where con- frontations were planned between police officers and targeted organizations. If there is such a case, I don’t know.” “The Idaho Democrat said that “certain groups were targeted for surveillance at least i part because of political attitudes,” and he specificaliy Jisted AIM and the Black, Panthers as targeted ZrOUDS,  cremnomens> He said his committee did not study AIM specifieally because it had to be selective. “We were concerned with determining the truth of allegations of improper ac- tivities of the FBI,” ine, testi- fied. -‘‘We did not pursue the Indian maiter. However, it was raised.” Defense Objective . Agents Jack Coler and Ron Williams, both of Los Angeles, were shot on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota. Defense lawyers are trying to show that the FBI harassed In- dian militants. . FBI Director Clarence Kelley testified Wednesday that the FBI’s domestic intelligence operation, COIN-TELPRO, was disbanded in 1971. He denicd the FBI had targeted certain groups for surveillance. (indicate page, name of newspaper, city and state.) 3 COURIER EXPRESS Buffalo, New York ec Bureet “1 = 70-1068 1 - 157-1710 Date: 7/10/76 Edition: Four Star Author: Editor: Title: SENSTUDY Character: or Classification” 62-2665 Submitting Office:Buffalo : {_] Being Investigated
é OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR @ ) 5 \ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20535 STATEMENT OF CLARENCE M. KELLEY DIRECTOR FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION BEFORE THE SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE SEPTEMBER 22, 1976 ~-26685 - fh sama _, Ro, G2-2 66 sat f JAMESTOWN __ NIAGARA FALOS anne ane OE e. OLEAN AD Pe * ROCHESTER Wb ian qe . RA ah iw % tan? , NW 54965 Doeld: 32969503 Page 277
ae ‘7 S Today marks my first appearance before the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. I want to assure you that I sincerely welcome the opportunity to work with you. I believe that we can and must develop a clear base of understanding between the Executive and Legislative Branches on the proper role of the FBI in the discharge of its complex national security responsibilities. As the Supreme Court so aptly observed in its Keith Decision in 1972, "Unless Government safeguards its own capacity to function and to preserve the security of its people, society itself could become so disordered that all rights and liberties would be endangered," Yet the maintenance of national security is a *hollow victory unless it can be achieved with the least possible intrusion into the rights and privacy of our citizens. Balancing these imperatives will require the greatest study and serious thought. Together, I feel we can reach a meaningful understanding - which will best serve our country. Since I became Director in 1973, there has been a continuous examination of all major aspects of the FBI's operations. One such study, initiated in 1974, established that a quality, rather than a caseload quantity, approach in the assignment of our manpower and other resources would produce better results. NW 34965 Doold:32989503 Page 276
@ 6 Originally, this quality approach was tried on an experimental basis in four of our 59 field divisions. It proved so successful that we implemented it field-wide in 1975. Today, the quality approach is being applied to all areas of jurisdiction, including those in the foreign intelligence and domestic security fields that are of prime interest to this Committee. In July, 1973, we had 21,414 domestic security cases. By March 31, 1976, before the Attorney General's guidelines took effect, we had--through application of the quality approach--reduced this caseload to 4,868 investigative matters, a 78 percent reduction. As of September 20, 1976, this figure has been further reduced to 626. This includes investigations of 78 organizations and 548 individuals. This reduction has been made possible largely because we have discontinued investigations of rank and file members. We are confident that the FBI can meet its responsibilities by focusing our investigations on the activities of organ- izations and on individuals who are in a policy-making position in those organizations or who have engaged in activities which indicate they are likely to use force or violence in violation of Federal law. In effecting this reduction, we have Kept these vital principles in mind: MW 34965 Docld:329599503 Page 275
. @ @ First, there must he no sacrifice or compromise of the essential security needs of the United States. Second, there must be the least possible intrusion on the rights and privacy of our citizens, including their sacred right of legitimate dissent. Third, although domestic security cases differ in some respects from ordinary criminal investigations, these cases should be tied as closely as possible to actual or potential violations of Federal law. In furtherance of this objective, last month I transferred the supervision of all domestic security cases from our Intelligence Division to our General Investigative Division, which has responsibility over criminal matters. In an effort to insure uniform adherence to the guidelines and laws applicable to these and all other areas of our jurisdiction, I have combined the Office of Planning and Evaluation and the Inspection Division. In this new Division I have created a Professional Responsibility Section. It will report directly to me. I have also expanded the role of the Legal Counsel Division in reviewing all areas of FBI policies and operations. Legal Counsel will report directly to me and to the Associate Director. MW 34965 Doold:329599503 Page 250
NW 34965 Doold:32989503 Page 261 The investigations transferred include those involving domestic organizations oriented toward violence and individuals affiliated with such groups, as well as civil unrest and demonstration matters and basic revolutionary groups dedicated to the overthrow of the Government. The General Investigative Division will also be responsible for several categories of criminal investigations formerly administered by the Intelligence Division. These are bombing matters, sabotage, passport and visa violations, and protection of foreign officials and official guests of the United States. The guidelines which the Attorney General issued last March set forth standards and procedures for domestic security investigations. But, the FBI regards these to be minimum standards. FBI Headquarters has imposed stringent criteria to insure we use our manpower resources in the most productive manner. There are a number of reasons why we have been able to bring about a major reduction in our domestic security caseload. The decade of the 1960's was marked by protests, often violent, on our Nation's streets and campuses.
NW 34965 Docld: 329539503 Page 252 We entered the 1970s still engaged in an undeclared conflict in Vietnam which was unpopular with some segments of our povulation. Not in recent history had this country been so divided over an issue, and this division was not limited to rhetoric but included demonstrations that often erupted into violence. There were deliberate criminal acts, including bombings and sabotage, by persons opposed to our involvement in Vietnam. The role of the FBI in this confrontation was clearly to thwart the efforts of those who resorted to violence as an expression of their opposition. With the cessation of the Vietnam War in early 1973, a major cause for divisiveness in this country was eliminated, and the potential for violence was lessened, but not eliminated. The FBI began closing thousands of investigations at that time as determinations were made that certain groups and individuals no longer were engaged in activities that were likely to involve violations of Federal law. The FBI met the unusual challenges of the 1960s and early 1970s. The Senate Select Committee has examined these and other problems in the intelligence field which led
t to the creation of this Oversight Committee; and as the Committee is aware, the FBI fully cooperated in that review. You have my absolute assurance that your Committee will receive the same full cooperation in carrying out its responsibilities under Senate Resolution 400. One of the tasks confronting this Committee is the formulation of a legislative charter defining the FBI's jurisdiction in the domestic security and intelligence fields. This will be a most precise and demanding undertaking. As I remarked to Senator Church's Committee, the legislative charter must be sufficiently flexible that it does not stifle the FBI's effectiveness in combating the high incidence of crime and violence across the United States. The charter must clearly address the demonstrated problems of the past; yet, it must amply recognize the fact that times change and so also do the nature and thrust of our criminal and subversive challenges. The fact that the Department of Justice has undertaken the formulation of operational guidelines governing this.area of our activities does not in any manner diminish the need for legislation. The responsibility for conferring jurisdiction resides with the Congress. MW 34965 Doocld:32939503 Page 283 C—O
6 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20535 | STATEMENT OF CLARENCE M. KELLEY DIRECTOR FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION ZL BEFORE THE SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE SEPTEMBER 22, 1976 i. SAC (a 2. ASAC 3. Sec. Supvr. ty—_ b2-ab6f_ Ff 7 5 D k 5 van iwhte What 5. Des SEwIALIZED FILE 6. Desk 6 : Cr hs qQ7e PADS] cera e 1978 “5 e it Me % tinny y Ig sgt? MW 34965 Doocld:329599503 Page 264
e e Today marks my first appearance before the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. I want to assure you that I sincerely welcome the opportunity to work with you. I believe that we can and must develop a clear base of understanding between the Executive and Legislative Branches on the proper role of the FBI in the discharge of its complex national security responsibilities. As the Supreme Court so aptly observed in its Keith Decision in 1972, "Unless Government safeguards its own capacity to function and to preserve the security of its people, society itself could become so disordered that all rights and liberties would be endangered," Yet the maintenance of national security is a hollow victory unless it can be achieved with the least possible intrusion into the rights and privacy of our citizens. Balancing these imperatives will require the greatest study and serious thought. Together, I feel we can reach a meaningful understanding which will best serve our country. Since I became Director in 1973, there has been a continuous examination of all major aspects of the FBI's operations. ‘One such study, initiated in 1974, established that a quality, rather than a caseload quantity, approach in the assignment of our manpower and other resources would produce better results. NW 34965 Doold: 32959503 Page 255
Originally, this quality approach was tried on an experimental basis in four of our 59 field divisions. It proved so successful that we implemented it field-wide in 1975. Today, the quality approach is being applied to all areas of jurisdiction, including those in the foreign intelligence and domestic security fields that are of prime interest to this Committee. In July, 1973, we had 21,414 domestic security cases. By March 31, 1976, before the Attorney General's guidelines took effect, we had--through application of the quality approach-~reduced this caseload to 4,868 investigative matters, a 78 percent reduction. As of September 20, 1976, this figure has been further reduced to 626. This includes investigations of 78 organizations and 548 individuals. This reduction has been made possible largely because we have discontinued investigations of rank and file members. We are confident that the FBI can meet its responsibilities by focusing our investigations on the activities of organ- izations and on individuals who are in a policy-making position in those organizations or who have engaged in activities which indicate they are likely to use force or violence in violation of Federal law. In effecting this reduction, we have Kept these vital principles in mind: -2- NW 34965 Doocld:329899503 Page 266
e @ First, there must be no sacrifice or compromise of the essential security needs of the United States. Second, there must be the least possible intrusion on the rights and privacy of our citizens, including their sacred right of legitimate dissent. Third, although domestic security cases differ in some respects from ordinary criminal investigations, these cases should be tied as closely as possible to actual or potential violations of Federal law. In furtherance of this objective, last month I transferred the supervision of all domestic security cases from our Intelligence Division to our General Investigative Division, which has responsibility over criminal matters. In an effort to insure uniform adherence to the guidelines and laws applicable to these and all other areas of our jurisdiction, I have combined the Office of Planning and Evaluation and the Inspection Division. In this new Division I have created a Professional Responsibility Section. It will report directly to me. I have also expanded the role of the Legal Counsel Division in reviewing all areas of FBI policies and operations. Legal Counsel will report directly to me and to the Associate Director. MW 34965 Doocld:32959503 Page 257
ae = The investigations transferred include those involving domestic organizations oriented toward violence and individuals affiliated with such groups, as well as civil unrest and demonstration matters and basic revolutionary groups dedicated to the overthrow of the Government. The General Investigative Division will also be responsible for several categories of criminal investigations formerly administered by the Intelligence Division. These are bombing matters, sabotage, passport and visa violations, and protection of foreign officials and official guests of the United States. The guidelines which the Attorney General issued last March set forth standards and procedures for domestic security investigations. But, the FBI regards these to be minimum standards. FBI Headquarters has imposed stringent criteria to insure we use our manpower resources in the most productive manner. There are a number of reasons why we have been able to bring about a major reduction in our domestic security caseload. The decade of the 1960's was marked by protests, often violent, on our Nation's streets and campuses. NW 34965 Doocld:329899503 Page 266
We entered the 1970s still engaged in an undeclared conflict in Vietnam which was unpopular with some segments of our povulation. Not in recent history had this country been so divided over an issue, and this division was not limited to rhetoric but included demonstrations that often erupted into violence. There were deliberate criminal acts, including bombings and sabotage, by persons opposed to our involvement in Vietnam. The role of the FBI in this confrontation was clearly to thwart the efforts of those who resorted to violence as an expression of their opposition. With the cessation of the Vietnam War in early 1973, a major cause for divisiveness in this country was eliminated, and the potential for violence was lessened, but not eliminated. The FBI began closing thousands of investigations at that time as determinations were made that certain groups and individuals no longer were engaged in activities that were likely to involve violations of Federal law. The FBI met the unusual challenges of the 1960s and early 1970s. The Senate Select Committee has examined these and other problems in the intelligence field which led NW 34965 Docld: 32989503 Page 259
MW 34965 Doocld:329599503 Page 2590 to the creation of this Oversight Committee; and as the Committee is aware, the FBI fully cooperated in that review. You have my absolute assurance that your Committee will receive the same full cooperation in carrying out its responsibilities under Senate Resolution 400. One of the tasks confronting this Committee is the formulation of a legislative charter defining the FBI's jurisdiction in the domestic security and intelligence fields. This will be a most precise and demanding undertaking. As I remarked to Senator Church's Committee, the legislative charter must be sufficiently flexible that it does not stifle the FBI's effectiveness in combating the high incidence of crime and violence across the United States. The charter must clearly address the demonstrated problems of the past; yet, it must amply recognize the fact that times change and so also do the nature and thrust of our criminal and subversive challenges. The fact that the Department of Justice has undertaken the formulation of operational guidelines governing this-area of our activities does not in any manner diminish the need for legislation. The responsibility for conferring jurisdiction resides with the Congress.