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a ee nO VO ae :- - 4 i vig . po “Z. “INTRODUCTION | ee 4 fo fe OSE ete | ys - a.) 0") Sinee 1956, ‘Martin Luther King, Jv., has occupied a’ 8 prominent role in the drive for equal rights for Negroes in the’ . United States. During this critical period in our Nation's: ° 3: . Jhistory, much has depended on him as the individual Negroes in ° ‘.*  great numbers have‘ looked to for leadership in. their drive to! .-t: "1. achieve equality. Much depends on him still in these’ times i. -. when racial tensions have created,an atmosphere of fear and-! _) » foreboding among many Negroes and. whites alike, The course - "s- King chooses.to follow at this eritieal time could have #7): “ momentous impact on the future of race relations in the | 4 repared «j . % H .. United States, andi for ‘that reason. this paper has been p -. to give some insight into the nature of the man himself as... 04 well as ‘the'nature!of -his views, ‘goals, objectives, .tactics a '- and the reagons therefor, _ ns CO _ aed. t a | eye tel) _ PAlarca, Geo . e “ ar Swen ah ; . ) abot So ry King, ye President of theCGSouthern 7 _ ‘Christian Le S5(SCLC), has stated publicly™ ~\.. , we. that ; of Tits ftollowers will march on Washington, D..C., --") this spring. He has annouriced that he will lead a massive 0304 _s@ivil disobedienéé campaign that widl disrupt the normal! = i 8. ‘. << eourse of business and, in fact, close down the Natior's ok "0" Capital. He originally announced this project on August 15, [- 1967, in Atlanta, Georgia, on the occasion of the tenth ~ 3 -° anniversary of the SCLC. | | . King predicted that this massive civil disobedience. . - will be more effective than riots. Concerning civil disobedience,’ King declared, "To dislocate the function of a city without : “destroying it can be more effective than a riot, because it: Be) can be longer lasting, costly to society, but net wantonly _. os. destructive." °  « : ee .  erncorcr a a enema ee ee re fowl ry po a Po ee xc ene .! ir 7h. rn
a hee -King Has referred to this campaign as the ‘Washington. ey ; -- Spring Project" and the "Poor People's March," which is woe ard “."" reportedly being staged to pressure Congress into passing - * legislation favorable to the Negro, It is’ King's contention that the Government of the United States does not move'-until -: | it is confronted dramatically, To add to the dramatic | <.°. eonfrontation, King has boasted he and his entourage are ae “| coming to Washington to stay; that his followers will conduct °° . “; Sit-ins, camp~ins, and sleep~ins at every Government facility © to. available including the lawn of the White House, He hag iil i “oo bragged that he will fill up the jails.of Washington “and =) J +: :") Surrounding towns, a eo ep bt Eas pa ‘ - 7s é nny Oe | ER _ +. One serious danger”in the confrontation lies in the ( f+": , . PYoposed action of the black nationélist groups which plan to :: 3 .. attempt to seize the initiative and escalate the nonviolent .. = demonstrations into violence, ws. I . — King has met wit black néfionalists and attempted . | to solicit their support, Stokely Carmichael yof the{Student >" ~__Nonviolent Coordinating Committe® (SNCC), an extremist Blacé ae Nationalist organization, has conferted with King. Carmichael’, | > endorses the objectives of King. and advises he will not oppose . or interfere with the "Washington Spring Projects" plans for ~» nonviolence,’.However, he also states his role will be governed: | “by what SNCC decides, - se | King is aware of the possibility of violence because . one of his aides proclaimed recently to the press,"Jail will be the safest place in Washington this spring," However, in spite of this potentially: explosive Situation, King continues +, his plans, He adroitly uses this possibility as a lever to “i. attempt to pressure Congress into action by warning that the ! . "Washington Spring Project"! may be the last chance in this . _".° Gountry for _/ peaceful change with respect to civil rights (> Meeds. 0 0 a a rt A H : g. : A: é i i i * H ; H ; | Hl i H i i FI a “4 I
14-00000 4. (4 CO ( a . oe pe ce oe ee a a we “strong. Communist Influence BO : He bg . . - Another complicating Factote in “the picture is the. aeeeee - ., degree of communist influence on King. One of King's. aare “ principal advisors: isStanley_David-L Eavit'Son: Ostensibly .. . | ‘only a New York City attorney nd businessman, Levison is, | in faet; a shrewd,’ dedicated c crfuni st. Levison. has spent ° F : ing communist ‘interests,’ ae 7 wel - Levisor gravitated to Martin Luther’ King, in, in: : 1956.' “He: has been as dedicated in his support of King as she ‘has been in advancing communist goals. He has actively ~ 3 ic’. involved himself in fund-raising drives for King, sexved as i3 * 4-" his legal counsel in certain matters, suggested speech “. +) material for him, discussed with King demonstrations in © aon - which King was involved, guided him in regard to. acceptance ‘ox rejection of various publi¢ appearances and speaking : _ commitments, and helped him With! mattatts related to articles ~ and books King has prepared; femg iene eo ” 2 ks Po Levijson edited mést of the chapters of King's new oe 3 ao'book entitled - “Where Do’We Go From Here; Chaos Or Community?" - "4 “ “".. Levison wrote one: chapter of this book and the publisHer's*’ > % °° 0: ee representative complained to. King and Levis m that it was “ individuals, ao i ot las cake ent et, tee tt EY A ss also informed Jones that King is such/a slew thinker he is - usually not prepared to’ make statements without help from + ;.someone, Levison i's actively participating in the planning aeeieted to ‘say - anything without the pproving it. Levison |» oo for Ring! Ss Washington Spring Project. Moe. a » Fog, | Explosive: Situation a eg ; v _ The combined forces of the communist ‘influence’ and ‘the black nationalists advocating violence~give the “Washington” ys Spring Project" a ‘Potential for an extremely explosive ihe ¢ ‘ ta: my an . . Lo : . . . : : . a woofs . a a a . . . ete . ‘ Snetemennne te hbeiemctmeretentnceye Gat we wa BM eee ; tao te wh x oa CoB noe ste ae ce emmn segee re en iy Sart gem ger tee
14-00000 AE a _ FORMATION OF seams oe LEADERSHIP CORFE a oar . pos t ; a - Martin Luther King, Jr., was born Ja 1929, a. ; . at Atlanta, Georgia, - His name at birth was_Michael Luthe | _ King, > In 1935, his first name was Soe eee ing received an‘: ‘A. B,: degree in 1948 from Morehouse College, ° Atlanta, Georgia, -He then entered Crozer Theological : ee cee "9 | Seminary, Chester, Pennsylvania, where he was one of six a : -.... }.Negroes among 100 students, He won the Plafker Award as oe '. the most outstanding student, was President of the Senter od _ Class, and recéived the J, Lewis Crozer Fellowship ‘for i. = #3 “. °: graduate study at the university of his choice, King ER . - | graduated from. Crozer Theological Seminary with a Bachelor --l - of Divinity,degree ‘in’ 1951 and did graduate work at Boston =” University, Boston, Massachusetts, | Where he secured a Ph.D, . a 7 es Fw FOE RNY Cbs RGAE OR aEyTOR e+ eoMERR CRETE Y anal ‘° we we "degree in 19556; “ . : ce ae oe Upon graduation, he ahs offered: the pastorate of two Baptist churches in the East and teaching posts in three . . colleges, King chose the pastorate at the Dexter Avenue Baptist ~ . “i: Church in Montgomery, Alabama, After becoming established in ».- his church,. hé founded the Montgomery Improvement Association |, ay oc. and’ led local Negroes in the Montgomery Bus Boycott that . 2... attracted national:attention, -In March of 1957, he founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) - _ . with himself as President, He still holds that position >) teday. He, is also compastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Chuxch, “i, Atlanta, Georgia, he hl os oo 4 ton # ‘ : eee A _ aoe ee oA AD NOE | NOT OO | ANS CY NOs ees oapemeree een rte a mele CO FONE <n here AO HI * a it . . ° ” + oo , + ° 4 ; , : ‘ : - : : : . . . noe a _ . . seatenea: at cmoereme Pryce ate So art CL ALLEL CS wT Soermeminea tenr tnante t te ieee Subversives Attra acted: .:. bs ses ee, ‘Stanley. Levison was attracted to King and SCLC when. oo. Ring. gained national attention, Levison soon developed a - i. Close relationship, with King and was known in King's group as Co. caesestant Chief,"' In 1961, he was assistant treasurer of = SCLC,. a bd . oo . . Prior. to joining forces with King, Levison led a oo i fone. iife. for. the Communist: Party USA (CPUSA).” “Outwardly Of —_ aly Sy Heap x Wars hab oe . vai . i a oe ted a 4
14-00000 “attracted to SCLC, Conte, “ ¥ he was a successful ‘businessman ‘but he was also the clandestine ; fund-raiser for the CPUSA, He was entrusted with raising and Oe funds to finance his own activities. sinfluencé, Pitts O'Del », former National “Was employed by SCLC, In 1962, handling secret funds for the Party and used some of these a caf f “Through Levisd Committee member of the other subversives were : ' ° . : 3 . ee es ee ) when King mentioned to Levison that he was thinking of adding. 7 _ Levison's and O'Dell's: communist affiliations. an administrative assistant to” ‘his staff£, Levison recommended.” O'Dell,. who. was then head of SCLC's New York Offices King 7 said he Liked the idea, . At the time, King.was well aware of oF 4, ; “| The reason King enjoyed this close relationship with: a communists 2's best explained by the fact that Levison, in. dt February, 1962, passed the word to Gus Hall, General Secretary, : > Hl CPUSA, "King is a whole~hedrted Marxist who has studied it (Marxism), “believes | in it ~and’ agrees, with it, “but. - because. of. - his being a minister of. r of religibf’, < doesnot dare to espouse cel rare citrate eee fy anCenLN NO SHE OO it_publicly." Further, in Marth, 1962, Levison told a 2. CPUSA a functionary that King was concerned about a “communist Label" . being “pinned on us't but, that, at the same time, he wanted to es! =. do everything ‘possible to evidence friendship coward the Soviet Union, , In addition, King has been deseribed within the CPUSA as a true, genuine Marxist-Leninist."from the top_ of his head to the. ‘tips “of his toes," The ‘feeling within the. CPUSA at that time wds, and still is, that Kir ing Serinitely - follows .a ‘Marxist-Leninist Lines : public FEsPonses Communist se as King + was forced to get rid of Hunter Pitts, O'Dell in October, 1962, when several newspaper articles: exposed 'O'Dell's connection with SCLC and his communist affiliations. King still tried to hide O'Dell in his organization until July, 1963, when he accepted O'Dell's "resignation," As King put it, O'Dell's release was not because of connections between 0! Dell and the CPUSA but ‘because (of the emotional ape Sah ite ein. fort SUS FS E ri crs :
14-00000 Se : \ S yeeniee 3 . | : tpn p et a Ae I Ot ee . foe . O'Dell has continued his efforts to make his ae Jor ‘presence felt in the civil ¥ights movem i_behalt of. the *~ CPUSA. The Winter, 1967, issue oie yas,) seli- — described as a review of the Negro = Sree, Sin thoventant , lists - O'Dell as Associate Managing Editor. Actually, "Freedomways" -! =) is-a CPUSA-initiated and CPUSA- supported publication; : : . espousing the communist viewpoint of Negro problems. |} | : i; re et TP ae ee King So eaks at Rally ‘Honoring Communist oo On February 23, 1968, King was the guest. speaker - Ho ‘ata: rally of more. than. one thousand people at Carnegie. Hall, | i .:New York. city, sponsored by “Freedomways," celebrating the . -3 ~ 100th: aniiversary of the birth of W.E.B. DuBois, famous | a sader who joined the Communist Party _ ar the popular name used by Hunter Pitts: ,: as one of the speakers-st this affair.*:* On the ‘Sliowing, day; Stanley*Levison confided to "Clarence Jones that King, perfothed: véty badly at the -"Freedomways" rally. He commentéd: “King has never read ~~ _ anything as- badly, "and, "as though he did not understand ; fo what, he was Reading." Le . : _ O'Dell, was a ¥ m . | a ee oo " Foimer ‘Communist visors ne a ae 7 " 1 2s a former advisor to King and a one- .- . time assistant ecretary of the SCLC. Rustin has publicly - admitted affiliation with the comivinist movement in the late 1930's. He was also one of a selected number of observers a permitted to attend the CPUSA's National Convention in 1957. — | + King said he had to let Rustin go because of problems arising from i his homosexual activities. Rustin has long been so inclined, having been arrested in New York City in 1946 for offering to _ eommit a lewd or indecent act. Rustin was arrested again in. |  Pagadena, California, in 1953, for offering to engage in an act. Oe o£ sex perversion of a homosexual nature, which he admitted - "and for which he was sentenced to serve, 60. days. saison Committee Established for King | PAS - eee oe
14-00000 “ King! s. speeches’ and welding hs “his. actions, ‘Among the members . wy) OF the. grou were Ls rope Reddit Bayard Rustin, Clarence 3 Jones: and Harry’ Wa Wach ni > ; ; Ly ee - Reddickis a \ gormes. member of the CPUSA, On March Dy 1944, ‘Wachtel's name was on a list of names, whose significance’ is not known, maintained at_the headquarters of the Kings ae “?.. County Communist Party,:New York, On the same date, records :~ * 3° s° at this headquarters contained the name of Wachtel's wife, a ae eteenencene  aeteametemmant stagnate eater stenting tn ohn 2. Leonora, on a list of newly elected officers of the . Bath a Beach." 3 eae ~ Club _¢ of £_the Kings: County < Commanist ist Parry, | New Yorke : for the 1 ights, a fnderaising 3 oe, adjunct: of ithe SCLC, — oS | | : Priox to Gctober, 1966, ‘King ‘atbempted to hide his, “F association with Stanley Levison ‘dnd uséd Jones as the intermediary. During the mid-1950's, Jones held a da position. earn _ o£ leadership'in the Labor Youth h League, é an organization ar car -" which has been designated as subversive pursuant to Executive aa Oe Order 10450. tas | ae ett -_ ' Clarence ‘Jones. married Asthh Warder_ Norron eM s > on June. 3, 1956. - She is the daughter | of d ceased p “publisher _ William H. Norton. “Between 1947 and 1950 she was identified _ . as'a Communist Party club member at. Sarah J Lawrence _ 2 College, 0° . _. In the “early ly 1950's she was also active in the Labor Youth on ~ League, © On’ April 5, 1955, she was observed as the driver of _ a station wagon wh which we was used to transport Communist 1 Party. “ underground leaders in mn connection with an official ¢ Communist Party meeting. . ‘In 1956, she was: deseribed by a seli~admitted - communist as a a "hard-core communist." King Wins 1 lobe]. Peace Prize Lane orn eh ee . eof : “In October, 1964, it was ‘announced that King, a ..- 35-year-old, Baptist minister, was being awarded the Nobel - ., Peace Prize, On November 24, 1964, King contacted Jones and ry .@ . 2. " : : t : ’ ie ‘ a Wk cee poi boa a 377 vot RS | ieee eee nS 8 er ae I . . a I - . apy rect we . es vie rs nt a aa ee oe —