SECRET It, Existing Programs 1. General Approximately 15,000 Latin Americans exclusive of ‘private business trainees, are instructed: annually in | the United States, Of these, about 10,000 are engaged » in-undergraduate or graduate studies, ineluding. more than | 1,000 individuals who receive subsidies from the United - fos States or from their own governments, The remaining 5,000 a ‘Yeceive specialized instruction, or are brought. to.the- oe -U,S. for orientation tours, The. U.S. Government: provides “its subsidies principally through the Military Assistance.) .. Program, the Agency for International. Development,. and the - Department of State, Also the Inter- Agency Committee’ ‘on: Youth Affairs is reviewing existing programs. affecting | Latin American youth and studying the: poser bhaity:' of. leadership training: eourses for them, — 2, A ene 7 During FY. 1962; the Agency for International: “Development. brought 1, 5O4 Latin. Americans to. the. ‘United States for, training, in age groups as follows: © for International, Develo ment. Pro pam ‘Under 20 Oo gee — -26.- ao 368 31-35 | 28 3920 36 - 4o - “£288 i : 46 - 50 — ae Approximately 240 of these trainees matriculated ay , at a university or school, for undergraduate or graduate | ‘The remainder engaged in on-the-job or ‘less. ' formal training, or attended courses apart from a degree a, program, for periods varying from three months toa year.~ - Students received training in the following fields: degree work. SECRET Hf 509545 Bocld: 324274042 Page pa]
SBORET _ Agriculture . pig Industry | 164 Transportation 115 Labor | 338 Health © 167 | “Education So a, 130, Public Administration . 157 Public Safety | 119°. Community Development | . 2007 Atomie Energy” 7 a ep Housing rn - os . WB Miscellaneous _ we 6B ou Be Maar Assistance. Pro rams a ~ At the present time, By orT Latin. American. » military ; “students are receiving, or are. programmed: to receives: train- 9° | ing in the United: States“under the Military Assistance Pro-~. gram. Courses vary in length from-two-week- orientation: _. tours to 83-week flying training courses. : However, “the ~. majority of instruction is for periods of vless than six months, and is ‘distributed in fields as follows: Dee ne Flying Instruction (8- 83 weeks ) 172 Command, Staff and Operational TAB (direction and control of ne -armed forces, 4-23 weeks) Communications /Electronics - 66 (6-29 weeks) ; . Equipment Maintenance and 335 “Repair (5-28 weeks) , Logistics (2-14 weeks ) . Ne SECRET > , HY 4S0954 Docld: 32424042 Page 76
Ww 50955 > SECRET Administration (4-40 weeks) 9 | 8 Professional Specialized | 306 (Engineering, Mecical, Legal, ete., 4-20 weeks) Orientation (2-3 weeks ) | 596 4, .In FY 1962, 1,869 persons from the other’ american. °° ‘Republics came to the United States under program of ‘the ne Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the Depart-.. 5 | ment. of State. This number is broken down as. follows i075 1 year) a 938 Teachers (6-12 months) a pgp RES Professors /Research Scholars | Bb (1-2 semesters ) Leaders and Specialists ~ 7 299 -(1-6 months ) . Educational Travel Grantees 871 (30 days) The 338 Latin American students were forthe.» . most part at the graduate level, studying for a full , . academic year at universities in. ‘the United States: ee “Teachers participated in six-month programs of téacher development in their special fields, or in teacher edu-. _-eation workshops in Puerto Rico, with a smaller number _ teaching for a full academic year in United States. schools. The 84 professors and research seholars were engaged.in ‘ teaching | or research from one semester to a full academic “year, or participated in short-term seminars at U.S. _ universities. Leaders and specialists in all important. ‘fields visited the United States: the former, for periods of from 30 to 60 days for observation and ‘to. .eonfer with colleagues in their specialties; the: latter: for periods varying up to six months for practical study. SECRET Boclda: 324740492 Page 77
| SECRET ~ and -on- the- job training in their special fields (commu- nications media, community welfare work, ete.). . The 871 educational travel grantees, comprising approxi- -mately 45 per cent of the tetal number of Department .of State sponsored trainees in the United States con- sisted largely of selected students and student leaders from Latin American universities, and some school ; teachers, who. participated individually or in groups. Ano short-term observation visits relating to. their Special me fields of interest. . ce 5+ Training in the Canal Zone. Additional Latin American personnel ‘undergo. ; training in Panama Canal Zone schools of the’ Caribbean | Command and at the Inter-American Police Academy, ~. °., operated by the Agency for International Development. Additionally; the United States Navy and Coast Guard ° , “are establishing a facility to instruct Latin Americans <2 ‘in coastal patrol craft operation and Surveillance. co While this training does not take place in the United.) - States proper, the Latin American students involved. are fie. ‘nevertheless exposed to a school environment which iso based. on U.S..values. a - During the past year, the United States: “army ae Caribbean School trained 1,200 Latin American officers: po and.men, while the United States Air Force School for Oly, _ Latin America trained 494 students. The newly. formed eae '. Inter-American Police Academy graduated 90 Latin Ameri-.... _ cans during the same period; and is expanding classes | to. reach a planned annual rate of 360 in FY 1964. ae 6. Cost of Existing Programs . The FY 1963 AID, MAP and State Department. pro- grams: provide $21. 9 million for training a total of 5,165 Latin Americans in the United States, The pér | -- capita cost of training under civilian programs of the United States Government is approximately 5,000 for. a full academic year. Military per capita direet costs. average $3,200, with courses usually of less than one year's duration, It is estimated that the per capita : costs for short courses (8-16 weeks), both civilian and military, approximates $1,600, SECRET HY 50955 DBocld:32474042 Page 78
HY 50955 | SECRET In terms of dollars alone, and apart from the many benefits received, it will be seen that training is a relatively inexpensive endeavor. Furthermore, in -contemplating the cost of an intensified program, it is. “Significant that the enrollment in most schools and. training courses can usually be increased ~ in some degree - without corresponding increases in overhead. 7. Difficulties Encountered in Filling Available Military Quotas in the United States. ; The failure of Latin American countries to. take oo full advantage of military quotas offered hag. been.a ‘persistent problem. In 1962, for example, 15 per cent - ce of the quotas offered were unfilled. This. unfavorable i000 00 situation derives from many causes, During the current’) ©... fiscal year 18 per cent of unfilled Army quotas have been... + due to inability to meet course pre-requisites; 22 per cent because of lack of sufficient funds and 33 per cent: 29: ‘because of political upheavals. The armed forces of the average Latin American country: are small, and. the. avail- -abllity of qualified candidates who can be spared: for extended periods of instruction abroad is’ thus limited, The short periods of obligated service and. the lack-of a. professional non-commissioned officer corps also tends, fo to discourage the training of-enlisted men in United. States schools, since there is an understandable lack. oe of enthusiasm for spending. large sums from limited budgets. to train enlisted men who will remain in service only: a brief time. Another significant deterrent is the per. | diem rates required by law to be paid by some countries to service personnel sent outside their homeland. In- Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Uruguay, the legal rates a for personnel serving abroad are too high to be support-.. able by defense budgets, while in other countries, such’ ‘as Bolivia and. Paraguay, the standard rates are too Low to provide a reasonable living’ for students. TIT. Groups Appropriate for Expanded Training Efforts — Three principal groups have been identified as: meriting special attention in our program of impeding the growth of Castro-Communist. subversion. . These are: SECRET | BDoclda: 32474042 Page 79
SECRET as Groups directly responsible for the securit of the country. Personnel of police, paramilitary | and military organizations should receive particu-. - lar attention, with emphasis on junior and inter- | | mediate level personnel involved in administrative © and supervisory functions. b. Groups responsible for the operation’ of vital... facilities, Communications systems, public infors mation media, utilities, transportation and, in. some countries, industrial installations are vital - to the orderly functioning of a state, As a result, _ they are prime targets for Communist infiltration | and subversion. U,.S,-oriented personnel in these - - occupations, especially at the lower supervisory’ levels, are in a good position to detect, ‘report — on and impede Communist activities. i a e..Groups involved in direct supervisory. .con=.0%) 7 tact with the younger.generation. Labor leaders,;.. — ' teachers, athletic instructors, farm advisors, » ; student leaders, and technical school instructors. all work directly with young people, and thus. . play an important role th.molding their atti- 2 tudes. TW. Actions Recommended HW 50955 The training actions enumerated: below are > recom: =: mended as. promising a useful return in our effort to oe a develop a stronger base of countersubversive convic~ tion among the groups identified in the preceding para= graph. In execution of these actions, priorities should - pursuit of all ef the proposed actions would | result in: of roughly $12,000,000, The financial support involved . be established in terms of individual country needs. a While the many variables involved render precise oe calculation difficult, it is estimated that a vigorous . an increase of directly subsidized U.S. training by . about 60%, or 3,600 people;.at an increased expenditure should be provided over and above existing agency pro- grams « SECRET | rs Doclda: 324274042 Page 80
‘AW 50955 SECRET | a. Security Personnel SECRET Docld: 32474049 ' Vide instruction to Latin Americans, (1) Military (a) Offer expanded opportunities for Latin American junior officers and non- | commissioned officers in on-the-job training : ; programs in units of all U.S. _ Armed” Services. \ _ (b) Improve off-duty programs for the. above Latin American trainees, to provide. °. them with a close and Tayorable view (of life inuthe United States, (¢) Select a liberal number of the: best qualified graduates from Canal Zone service schools for further training on a higher level in U.S. military technical necehoeLeee staff and. operations courses. Advanced - training should be a,’ continuation of. Canal. Zone schooling, concentrating on equipment» -and skills required in Latin America. ' area Quotas should be established for both. junior officers and enlisted ranks (a) Expand or establish quotas for. train ing of promising young Latin Americans at- Army, Navy, Air Foree and Marine Corps. basic.” . training sehools, with a view to their Pro~ po ceeding onward to further. training in more ‘advanced U.S. schools. (e) In order to enhance understanding: with students, insure that an adequate num-— - ber of bilingual personnel, fluent in Speake: J. ing and writing. both English and Spanish, or English and Portuguese, are assigned to _the.faculties of Service schools which Pro-. (f) Inerease the number of students -.. f° trained at the U,S, Air Force School for f Latin America, in Panama, and expand: quotas for officers, Page 81
HW 450955 - SECRET . SECRET (g) Expand the MAP-sponsored intelligence training conducted by the U.S. Army at Fort Holabird, Maryland; to include junior officers and NCO's, Increase Latin American quotas for intelligence training by all Services, _(h) Review all FY 1964 U.S. Service school quotas for Latin America to determine if in- creases, consistent with the capabilities of - Latin American countries to absorb, can be . made. G (41) Encourage; through MAAG's and Missions, | increased Latin American participation in military training programs, oeeremnees orien- tation tours and exchange programs. _ ; feat? % . a ya oe / (j) Through additional MAP funding, ab-" : Oe sorb the costs for training Latin american | ei’) military personnel in the U.S. and Panama, (BY gf ineluding international travel costs. Ric ye eurrently press for elimination of home. country regulations which inhibit filling of quotas. — age (k) In military schools engaged: in: ‘teach-- on ing Latin Americans, indoctrinate U.S. in| 0 ps0 structors in the broader political object- ae ives the U.S. is seeking. to achieve through a training, . ot | : (1) Review curricula of military courses for Latin Americans with a view toward empha- sizing constructive participation by their §{ military forces in political, economic, social/- and civil development. a, (2) Police (a) Inerease the police training program of the Office of Public Safety, AID, to an — in-put of 1,000 for the next 18 months, - (The current program calls for 450 trainees. ‘in Panama and 150 in the U.S. during this. period.) Select candidates who are in posi- -- tions to exert maximum and immediate influence within their organizations and communities. if LO Docld: 324274042 Page 82
HW 0955 ‘SECRET | "SECRET . Docla: 324274042 b. _ (bo) Through additional AID funding, absorb the training costs for Latin American publie Bafety personnel in the U,S, and Panama in~ @luding international travel costs. (e)- Provide English language training to Latin American candidates for public safety ‘eourses in the U.S. through USIS English . language training centers located in Latin - American countries, oe @) Customs and Immigration wHigh priority should be given to security personnel responsible for customs and immigra-  ~ ‘tion enforcement, to. include consideration: of a establishing a separate training program in” the Uy Se for this purpose, Personnel Concerned with Operation of, Vital: —Haciiittes ae a Foe (1) Initiate a two- -phase pilot training “preek - gram, under direction of AID and State, to... 00.06 bring about 500 students per year, who are’ ae supervisors or potential instructors, to the. “United States for short courses in English. ...--.: training and orientation. - Select 100 of these ee for further technical training in specialties” such ast : “Alroraft operations and airways. ‘control | ' Radio broadcasting, press: and . television. Commercial. communications: (tetepnone, : . radio telephone, cable, . ete.) - ce Harbor terminal and shipping operations Fuel storage Urban water, light and power operation oe and maintenance , Railroad operations and maintenance > Bus transportation AL Page 83
HW 50955 > training program for his country to include Specific numbers of students to be trained _in the field of vital facilities. |. SECRET (2) Direct: each U,Sw. Ambassador in Latin America to develop and propose a detailed .(3). Initiate programs to persudde U.S. city administrations to provide training, at. .. .the cities" expense, for selected Latin... Americans in the area of city management; planning, Services and urbanization, (A), Initiate programs to persuade U.S, state governments to provide training, . at the states! expense, for selected Latin ~. Americans, in the field of province (state) ~ oe management and. planning. ce (5) Initiate programs. £0 persuade. Us 8, “business. and industrial organizations - cand - oe - labor unions, at their own expense, to- PrO~ ... Vide training, in their particular areas. fo bo haa interest, ‘for selected Latin Americans, 9. rn mecetnnen "Personnel Working wish Youth > ae Initiate programs to persuade Us Se ok: and universitites to conduct. periodic. en eteaenrae seminars in the U.S. for athletic coaches and: persons concerned with promotion of. sports, for the purpose of indoctrinating Latin: heciehéan - dnstructors in U.S. teehniques and coaching 0. ‘philosophy. Provide financial support as re- 20) 0° quired, — : (2) Expand existing State Department spon - | sored programs which relate to teacher. educa | ' tion and social welfare. rt (3) Expand existing AID programs to ‘eneourage the formation of farm cooperatives and’ other agricultural programs by bringing Latin Ameri- 9 0°.) can supervisory and instruetor | personnel - ‘to. the OU; S. for training and orientation, 12 _DocId:32424042 Page 84
ee “SECRET gE (4) Conduct seminars on democracy and the Es “ ehapacteristics of a free and open society for Latin American political science students,- ‘labor and youth leaders and young governmental - - officials. The seminars will be supported by -the Department of State in the United States, and in Latin America by USIS,. through selected. indigenous: labor, youth and education organi—— re  ZODLOMB e | DOE an Gs: y Explore all” of ‘the’ programs utilized by. ~, various government: agencies and the check: iists - “developed by the Inter-Agency. Youth Committee. -: to. insure that the. prograns are. designed : BO veg Lage. provide visitors. with a full. and accurate piew . oo. ture-of the U.S.,° its society, its. institutions . oe and: objectives, ° eZ ee (6). Expand - existing programs ‘under’ USTA for” working with student. unions. in Latin. American ~ Re ‘universities to insure students receive acourate;. | comprehensive. and. sympathetic information: con= HR cerning. the ‘United. States. a HW 50955 Docid:32424042 Page 85