SECTION T SECURITY INFORMANTS AND con@ewrrat SOURCES * 107A-C &. DEFINITIONS 1. Security informant . é . Tndividual actively engaged in . obtaining and furnishing current informa- tion on security or intelligence matters exclusively for Bureau whose identity must be protected. Such person should be member or attend meetings of subversive organization, or be in such position relative to - subversive organization that he is able to provide current information of value. 2. Potential security informant Individual in position to become active in or closely connected with subversive organization or intelligence activities and is making . affirmative effort to obtain and furnish current information to Bureau. 3. Double agent Person cooperating with, receiving assignments from, and perf orming tasks for both foreign intelligence service and Bureau under FBI guidance 4. Confidential source . Individual who on confidential basis furnishes information available through his present position. Examples would be: bankers and telephone company employees. These individuals make no concerted effort in behalf of Bureau but furnish information readily available to them. 5. Panel source Individual who is not involved in subversive group but who will attend its public gatherings in behalf of FBI for intelligence purposes or as potential witness B. SOURCES OF POTENTIAL INFORMANTS Informants should be developed on all organizations and individuals that are inimical to internal security. Informants may be obtained through alertness in course of normal investigative activity. Live informant coverage depends Yor most part upon initiative and resourcefulness of individual Agents and SACs. For assistance in obtaining potential informants, following is suggested: 1. HEvaluation of a. Complainants or other persons interviewed in security matters b. Subjects of security investigations who show disaffection, loss of interest, inactivity, financial hardship, or other repudiation of party loyalty ‘ c. Personal friends and contacts of Bureau employees a ad. Sources of information, confidential sources, and contacts [ 2. Review of closed security files and files of former security informants 30 Review factionalism section of file on Communist Party, USA. 4. Consultation with present informants regarding indications of disatrec~ tion on part of subversive group members. They should not be informed as to purposes of inquiry. 5. Review of files on communist front organizations looking for individuals who have been associated with only one or two fronts or who attended only a few meetings C. BACKGROUND INQUIRIES ON INDIVIDUALS BEING CONSIDERED FOR INFORMANT PURPOSES When decision is made to consider an individual for informant purposes, conduct . background investigation. Extensive background investigation should not be _ conducted until individual has been interviewed and it has been determined he is willing to assist Bureau. Obtain prior Bureau authority to interview when- ever restrictions imposed in section 87, volume IIT, and section 105, volume IV, of this manual, relative to interviews apply. Background investigation should include: : 1. Check of field office files 2. Discreet canvass of logical informants ; - on 6—13~72 S5072 Doold: 32999529 Page i720 ee
LO7M-N Coseet eet Scores Nee Beare tenn RB oe Be Se Sones See cs Dee cet See Bee a NW 55072 2. rr as — SECTION 107. Qecvrrzy INFORMANTS AND conrrpE@ax SOURCES. Submit quarterly letter (FD-451b) to Bureau by secure teletype system (NITEL). Quarterly letter should include the following: @,. Name, location and number of subversive groups including identities of groups on college campuses, exclusive of those in black extremist, white hate or espionage matters. De Symbol numbers of member informants providing coverage who are members of organizations. If no member.informant, attach addendum and explain why you do not have member informants. Indicate specific action being taken to develop member informants and date such coverage is antici-~ pated for each group. ce. Tdentities of individuals or groups who have participated in or are active in planning subversive acts of violence, exclusive of those in black extremist, white hate or espionage matters. . ad. Symbol numbers of informants and sources’ providing coverage of individuals or groups shown in Column C. If no member informant, attach addendum and explain why you do not have member informants. Indicate specific action being taken to develop member informants and date such coverage is anticipated for each group. ] SIGNING OF LOYALTY OATHS, AFFIDAVITS, AND STATEMENTS i. 2. Make every effort to guide informants away from |jsituations requiring them to sign or fill out loyalty oaths or forms. Informants should be cautioned to keep contacting Agent fully advised of any situation wherein they might be required to sign such a2 form. Advise Bureau promptly of all such situations which cannot be avoided. Bureau will consider as last resort advising another agency of informant's relationship with Bureau, together with pertinent facts concerning infor- mant's activity; however, such situations must be kept to minimum in view of obvious dangers to informant. Each such situation must be carefully considered and Bureau advised as promptly as possible, together with appropriate recommendation for pro- posed action. , In no instanca should you permit informant to sign loyalty oath in negative. 18 3-13-72 Bocld: 32989529 Page i721 won,
SO el view ~ “~~ Aga NOES FIT Un Tgp eat wal revel omd BLED TR DLR VEC EDT ta . * ‘ ae on PONE OR TPT SERU TD CE RTOS SY On TOSSES AAT Se orate a Fa rag ora een ARR ba o 7 a“ : ? SAIS Ws OEE Oat Pret a ets ae ee eae M SECTION 107. SECURITY INFORMANTS AND CONTIDENTIAL SOURCES. LO7L-M ma} ct, full name S All aliases, code names, and symbol numbers First date of contact by your office If first contact was prior to September, 1944, names of all SAs, SACS, and ASACs who contacted and may have made payments Tabulation of all payments, broken down as to.services and expenses, Although tabulations are not furnished to Depart- . ment, those prepared by your office will be reconciled with Bureau records. . Listing of any advances, refunds, and outstanding balances of advances ; Date of last contact by your office Whether individual has been contacted by any other office BAN tt (5) (6) ta} b., Hach individual and each item of information must- be accounted for. If no contact was made with particular individual, Bureau must be ie so advised. , - : c. Where informant has previously been used and tabulation of payments * was prepared, information for items (5) through (8) need be given only from date of last trial in which individual was used. é d. Above information should be submitted separate and apart from cor~ respondence setting forth derogatory information, and should be aad- dressed to attention of[Voucher-Statistical Section, Computer Systems Division.| Interdivisional correspondence should be addressed to Bureau with copies designated for interested offices. Receipt of unemployment compensation At times informants and/or sources temporarily lose their jobs and become eligible for unemployment compensation. Where un- employment regulations require listing of all sources of income as prerequisite for unemployment compensation and informants and/or sources who are being paid by Bureau fail to comply, situation is potentially embarrassing. Bureau cannot be placed in position of condoning violation of state law on part of any informant or source. Field office must determine from state unemployment compensation officials effect of unemployment compensation laws on paid informants and/or sources. Depending on local requirements, informants and sources must be alerted accordingly. . When paid informant and/or source becomes unemployed or has knowledge of impending unemployment, discuss all facts with him and submit recommendations to Bureau on UACB basis. At same time, weigh seriously possible need for informant to apply and accept unemployment compen- sation to protect his security. Fellow members of subversive organi- zation may be aware of his unemployment status and would expect him to apply. Where state requires notification of Bureau payments to in- formants that would necessitate disclosure of identity, discontinue Bureau payments during period of unemployment compensation benefits. MONTHLY AND QUARTERLY LETTERS : naa Td 4 Submit monthly letter (PD~451, 451a) to Bureau by secure teletype system (NITEL). Field divisions east of the Mississippi must submit this infor- mation by the 3rd of each month; field divisions west of the Mississippi must submit this information by the 7th of each month. Monthly letter should include the following: SOTA WEES a RA ION a a. Number of security informants, potential security informants, con- . fidential sources, and panel sources at the beginning and end of each - month also showing the number added and deleted during the month. b. Number of Agents assigned exclusively to informant and source development. - ec, Money paid for services and expenses under SAC authority. . . . d. vatistical accomplishments. . oe e. Security informant accomplishments. 17 7-13-72 it Nw SS072 Doold: 32989529 y Page 1722 ; ° ° a
LO7T-U SECTION 107 Qsxcontey INFORMANTS AND conrip@ra: SOURCES. b. Pamphlets, brochures, etc., prepared by private company for distribu- tion or sale to public. (This does not include highly technical pamphlets, even if unclassified, which are prepared for limited use . and not intended for release to public.) ( 4. Retention of copies of passed material . @, True copies should be retained by office of origin of any documents or material related to national defense which is passed. . b. Such material should be aporopriately identified by double agent. ‘Bureau Agents should not place identifying data on such material but should preserve any notes made by them in connection with its passage. ce. Similar action should be taken regarding material which is passed which ~ : is considered evidentiary although not clearly related to national defense. ~ d. It is not necessary to retain copies of buildup material obviously not . evidentiary in nature where copies can be obtained at Later date from Government agency or private concern having custody. > 5. Handling money and property received by double agents a. Double agents must turn over to Bureau any money or property received from their principals in connection with double agent intelligence operation. This should be made clear to double agent at inception of operation (consider obtaining signed statement to this effect). - Exceptions must bé specifically approved by Bureau. Entirely separate- arrangements must be made for payments to double agents for services rendered to Bureau. b. <Any money or property received by double agent from his principal represents possible evidence and double agent should execute state- ment describing money received by type of currency, denomination, | series of issue, and serial number and appropriately describing any other property received. Statement should bé signed by double agent's code name. c. Money or property received from double agents showld be retained as i evidence in accordance with section 3, part IT, Manual of Rules and Regulations. a. Bureau Agents receiving such money or property from double agents should make independent records for retention for purposes of neseowmng recollection in event testimony is later necessary. U. UPILIZATION OF INFORMANTS AND SOURCES AT INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING 1. Use of students a. Students under age of 18 years are not to be developed as security informants, potential security informants, or other types of security sources in other than highly unusual circumstances. Under such circumstances, furnish complete justification to Bureau. b. Upon initial contact with prospective student informant or source, individual should be tactfully requested +o execute a brief signed writ- “ten statement for field file setting forth that this individual has voluntarily come forward to furnish information to FBI because of his concern over individuals or groups that may be inimical to interests of U. S. Government and that he understands FBI has no interest in legitimate institution or campus activities, [ 2. (Deleted ] ; 24 a . 3-13-72 MW 55072 Doeld: 32959529 Page 1723 cc
SECTION 1® SECURITY INFORMANTS AND CONF WITAL SOURCES. = 1078~T b. If no pertinent derogatory information is developed, initial contact . may be made with prospective panel source to ascertain cooperative- ness; however, in regard to individuals associated with educational institutions, be guided by current instructions concerning investi- gations on campuses. [ c. Submit[secure teletype (Nitel)]to Bureau requesting- authority to use individual as a panel source and set ‘out: (1) Results of background investigation and data as to date and place of birth, citizenship status if foreign born, residence ‘and employment addresses . (2) Details of expected area of activity of individual as panel . ; source and results of any interviews conducted with him (3) Statement to effect subject is being considered panel source . and will be advised he is not Bureau employee and of -confi-~ ~ “ dential nature of his relationship with Bureau. Also, state~ “ ment should be made that you will be alert to be certain sub- ject is not a plant and, if connected with labor union or educational institution, he will be advised of Bureau policy on such matters. (4) One copy of letter should consist only of first page. If approved at Bureau, stamped notation indicating Bureau approval will be placed on single-page copy and it will be returned to field. 3. Administrative handling ; a. Follow same procedure in handling, processing, and reporting data and material furnished by panel sources as afforded security informants. b. Handle payments for legitimate expenses incurred and services rendered in same manner as security informants, Gifts should not be given to panel sources. ; . Gc. Open 134 file when active investigation of prospective panel source initiated. Close file administratively if panelist is not contacted regularly. Note contacts with panelists in their respective files. d. Only Agents designated in particular case should contact panelists. C e. Every six months submit FD-401 to Bureau requesting continuation of payments to panel source. If source not paid on Bureau authorization, - Agent handling prepare memorandum to SAC for file containing certi- fication as to stability and reliability. f£. & symbol number should be assigned from the time any step is taken to develop an individual as a@ panel source. Use abbreviation "PS" before symbol’ number, e.g., PS NY 000-S a €. Designates, where practicable, coordinating Agent to maintain current roster of panel sources and scheduled organization activities, who will notify Agents handling individual panelists of organizational functions to be covered, Coordinating Agent should receive notice of coming events from Agents handling organizations, informants, and publications, h, Advise Bureau of date panel source is discontinued and reasons. T. DOUBLE AGENT OPERATIONS: 1. Passage of information : - @. In double agent operations information requested by principals is frequently passed either to build up double agent's stature or as evidence of espionage activity. _ b. Hach case must be carefully evaluated to make certain that net gain accrues to U. S. ec. Information passed should be carefully handled and logical explana~ tions created for its acquisition by double agent. 2. Locating information to pass Where possible field office handling double agent should Locate appropriate information; however, Bureau can assist in fulfilling requests for infor- mation in possession of other Government agencies. . 3. Obtaining Bureau authority Bureau authority must be obtained to pass any information in double agent operation except: ( a. Newspaper or magazine article 23 8-14-72 MW S5072 Doeld: 32959529 Page i724
LO7R-S SECTION 107 @szcvrrry INFORMANTS AND conrru@zat SOURCES. 3. Tndex ‘a, Prepare index cards on form FD-348 and file as adjunct to criminal informant, extremist informant, or security informant index, ‘de pending C, on type information furnished. b. Duplicate confidential source cards may be maintained with criminal - informant, extremist informant, and security informant index where logical. , 4. Files When active investigation is initiated relative to prospective confidential source, open 134 file (or 137 for criminal sources )} and maintain as pending until efforts to develop individual are discontinued. , -, 5. tilizsation a. If confidential source is to be used in security investigations, secure Bureau approval, and furnish background data of same type required for potential security informants. b. Except in espionage and foreign nationality matters in which frequency of contact is dependent upon circumstances, contact confidential sources on whom pending files are maintained at least once every two weeks, : Such contacts may be posted. ‘ c. Contacts should only be made by Agent or Agents specifically designated ‘for that purpose. a. Letter to Bureau requesting authority to use subject as confidential source is to set out clearly: (1) Background information, including date and place of birth, citizen- [ ship status, residence, employment, arrest and service record, if any (2) Details of expected cooperation of individual and results of any iuterviews conducted with him (3) Statement to effect subject is being considered confidential source and will be advised he is not Bureau employee and of confidential nature of his relationship with Bureau. In addition, statement Should be made that you will be alert to be certain subject is not a plant, and if he is connected with labor union he will be advised of Bureau policy on labor matters. (4) One copy of letter requesting authority should consist only of first page. If request is approved at Bureau, stamped notation to this effect will be placed on single-page copy and it will be returned to field. 6. Security confidential sources - certification of stability and payments a. Every six months submit FD-401 to Bureau requesting continuation of payments. See subsection L, item 3b, above. b. If source is not being paid on Bureau authorization or if he is not employee of foreign diplomatic establishment or an international or- - ganization and is being used regularly, Agent handling must[certify stability and reliability by executing statement on this point contained on FD-209 used to record contact. Certification must be made at intervals of no longer than six months.] ¢. If source is employed by foreign diplomatic establishments (embassy, consulate, United Nations Mission, ete.) or by international organiza- tion (United Nations Secretariat, Organization of American States, International Monetary Fund, etc.), submit FD-401 to Bureau every six months. 7. Gifts Gifts should not be given to sources. - 8. Discontinuance Advise Bureau of date when source is discontinued and reasons. ~ S. PANEL SOURCES Ll. Definition See page 3 of this section. 2. Background investigation and approval a. Check prospective panel source through office indices, canvass [ logical informants, review appropriate arrest and military records. 22 2-14-72 NW 55072 Doold: 32989529 Page 1725 _
r S072 Q@. CORRECTIVE ACTION ON FALSE LNFORMATION 1. 2. 4. 5S. 6. Te 10. Ll. 12. 13. SECCION 107. SECURITY INFORMANTS AND CONFIDENTIAL SOURCES. 1070-R When it is determined that informant or ex-informant furnished false informa-~ tion while informant,. promptly advise Bureau of complete facts. Set forth your suggestion relative to wording to be used in describing informant in future, such as: “informant of known unreliability" or "anformant-who has furnished both reliable and unreliable information in the past." . Bureau Will advise which designation to use. Then proceed with review of all data furnished by individual and label information from him accordingly. All communications containing information from informant which have been disseminated to Bureau, other Bureau offices, and to outsidé agencies must be corrected, Identify cases individually by title and character, together with dates of communications containing information, I? information was used in reports, corrective letters should be crystal . clear and refer to specific report, page number, and change to be made, Amended pages should not be prepared unless so instructed by Bureau in accordance with part II, section 4, of Manual of Rules and Regulations, Corrective action should be called to attention of other Bureau offices, | outside agencies, and Bureau by letter Instruct each interested Bureau office "which has made further dissemina- . tion of information to follow instructions set forth above. Set up control file regarding this corrective action, and upon completion of same submit to Bureau final letter under informant's caption identifying each case by title, character, Bureau file, where known, and date of com- munication. This letter will be used to check a1] pertinent Bureau files to see that necessary corrective action has been taken. If necessary, other field offices which have received information from informant should also be requested to submit summary letters showing what corrections have been made. All information from informant must be correctly labeled and great care must be taken to see that this is done. Occasionally, ex-informant through his speech, writings, or actions raises a doubt as to his reliability subsequent to time he was informant. It is not necessary to go back and change evaluation of information attributed to that individual in absence of definite indication that informant: furnished unreliable information while he was informant. . Dissemination of information from sources of questionable reliability and known unreliability should be made in accordazice with part II, section 5, Manual of Rules and Regulations. R. CONFIDENTIAL SOURCES Ll. 2. Dooid: 32989529 Page i726 Definition in See page 3 of this section. Assignment of, symbols . a. A symbol number should be assigned from the time any step is taken to develop an individual as 2 confidential source. — b. Advise Bureau by[secure teletype (Nitel) ]giving name, address, business affiliation, symbol number, reason for assigning symbol number , and brief statement concerning "type of information furnished. c. Abbreviation "CS" may be used in intra-Bureau communications for confidential source; e.g., "Richard Roe, CS. Communications relating to espionage and foreign nationality matters should in addition have a character indicating country involved; e.g., IS'- R. . When permanent symbol has been assigned to confidential source, abbreviation "CS" is to-appear before symbol number; e.g., CS NY O00-S. @€, Numbers assigned to confidential sources are to be taken from series of numbers used for security, extremist, and criminal informants. 21 8-14-72
‘3 -LO7C~D SECTION 107. @@MECURTTY INFORMANTS AND conrrn Qn SOURCES . . 3. Inquiries of discreet nature concerning individual's personal history (date and place of birth, etc.), patriotism, health, reliability, stability, integrity, general reputation, present and past employments, 4 and business connections. Investigation must definitely establish that individual can be used without danger of future embarrassment due to instability or unreliability. Securing background information from individual is not sufficient; his background must be established by investigation, including discreet inquiries among persons personally acquainted with him. : 4. Check local arrest records. Submit FD-165 to Identification Division to obtain any record he may have and to place stop against fingerprints if . on File. In order to eliminate the possibility of jeopardizing the security - of Bureau informants, the word "Informant" should not be indicated in - blank ballot box on FD-165. It should be noted the informant file number serves as an indication to the Identification Division of the type of flash notice desired. 5. Review armed services record if applicable. [FD-356 must be used in any routine check pertaining to informants making sure all references, such as symbol number, which would tend to identify individual as an 7 informant are deleted, | ; 6. Gheck draft status or status in armed forces reserve. 7. Check domestic status and, if any marital difficulties, obtain details. 8. Persons being considered for use in espionage and foreign nationality cases may present special problems which limit scope of investigation. (See instructions re contact cases and deseco program, section 105, volume IV, of this manual.) However, where practical, cover above items. Leads must be handled by auxiliary offices within 30 days. ‘Investigation must be completed prior to any request to guide, direct, or designate in- dividual as potential security informant. 7 D. APPROVAL, INDOCTRINATION, AND DEVELOPMENT OF POTENTIAL INFORMANTS 1. When background information obtained, transmit results to Bureau in same numerical sequence set out in subsection C, and request authority to des- ignate individual as Bureau-approved potential security informant and to proceed with development. Submit by secure teletype (usually Nitel), Be brief and concise. Do not submit on UACB basis. Include physical description. a. If the individual is a student, include separate paragraph clearly .- setting forth the number of extremist and/or security informants, the number of potential extremist and/or potential security in- formants, and the number of panel sources currently being operated at the particular college or university to which the request pertains, . 2. After designation as Bureau-approved potential security informant, fol- lowing matters should be made clear to him: ; . a. His assistance is strictly voluntary and he is to understand there is no coercion or intimidation involved, b. He is not and cannot consider himself employee or "undercover Agent# of FBI. Seriousness of violating impersonation statutes must be impressed upon him. a ec. His cooperation must be strictly confidential at all times and if he should feel he cannot maintain this confidence, he should so advise, There should be no doubt left in mind of potential informant that his relationship must remain on confidential basis and if he violates confidence he will be of no value and by so doing Bureau's investigative activity may be jeopardized, If he has special problem which would require revealing his assistance to his wife or other pertinent individual, this should be ascertained and appropriate recommendation made to Bureau. : a@. If potential informant is connected in any manner with labor union, inform him that Bureau is not interested in employer-employee relation- ships as such and is only concerned with obtaining information on infiltration of unions by subversive elements. 4: 8~14~72 NW 55072 Docld: 32989529 Page L727 Sa
o SECTION = SECURITY INFORMANTS AND “eo SOURCES LO7A~C A. DEFINITIONS 1. Security informant ( Individual actively engaged in obtaining and furnishing current informa- tion on security or intelligence matters exclusively for Bureau whose identity must be protected. Such person should be member’ or attend meetings of subversive organization, or be in such position relative to subversive organization that he is able to provide current information of value. . 2. Potential security informant - Individual in position to become active in or closely connected with subversive organization or intelligence activities and is making affirmative effort to obtain and furnish current information to Bureau. 3. Double agent Person cooperating with, receiving assignments from, and ‘performing tasks: for both foreign intelligence service and Bureau under FBI guidance ~ 4. Confidential source Individual who on confidential basis furnishes information available through his present position. Examples would be: bankers and telephone. company employees. These individuals make no concerted effort in behalf of Bureau but furnish information readily available to them. 5. Panel source ; . Individuel who is not involved in subversive group but who will attend its public gatherings in behalf of FBI for intelligence purposes or as potential witness B. SOURCES OF POTENTIAL INFORMANTS TInformants should be -developed on all organizations and individuals that are inimical to internal security. Informants may be obtained through alertness in course of normal investigative activity. Live informant coverage depends for most part upon initiative and resourcefulness of individual Agents and SACs. Por assistance in obtaining potential informants, following is suggested: © 1. Evaluation of a. Complainants or other persons interviewed in security matters C b. Subjects of security investigations who show disaffection, loss of interest, inactivity, financial hardship, or other repudiation of party loyalty : ce. Personal friends and contacts of Bureau employees ad. Sources of information, confidential sources, and contacts lL 20 Review of closed security files and files of former security informants 3e Review factionalism section of file on Communist Party, USA. 4, Consultation with present informants regarding indications of disarrac~ tion on part of subversive group members. They should not be informed as to purpose of inquiry. 5S. Review of files on communist front organizations Looking for individuals who have been associated with only one or two fronts or who attended only a few meetings C. BACKGROUND INQUIRIES ON INDIVIDUALS BEING CONSIDERED FOR INFORMANT PURPOSES When decision is made to consider an individual for informant purposes, conduct background investigation. Extensive background investigation should not be conducted until individual has been interviewed and it has been determined he is willing to assist Bureau. Obtain prior Bureau authority to interview when- ever restrictions imposed in section 87, volume III, and section 105, volume IV, - of this manual, relative to interviews apply. Background investigation should include: . 1. “Check of field office files 2. Discreet canvass of logical informants 6~13-72 gMW O5072 Doold: 32989525 Page 17236