‘ SECTION 107. hoa iszcurry INFORMANTS AND . SOURCES; 107S-T [AND FOREIGN COUNTERINTELLIGENCE ASSETS ] If no pertinent derogatory information is developed, initial contact may be made with prospective panel source to ascertain cooperative- ness; however, in regard to individuals associated with educational institutions, be guided by current instructions concerning investi-~ gations on campuses. Submit secure teletype (Nitel) to Bureau requesting authority to use individual as a panel source and set out: (1) Results of background investigation and data as to date and place of birth, citizenship status if foreign born, residence and employment addresses (2) Details of expected area of activity of individual as panel source and results of any interviews conducted with him (3) Statement-to effect subject is being considered panel source and will be advised he is not Bureau employee and of confi- dential nature of his relationship with Bureau. Also, state- ment should be made that you will be alert to be certain sub-~- ject is not a plant and, if connected with labor union or educational institution, he will be advised of Bureau policy on such matters. (4) One copy of letter should consist only of first page. If approved at Bureau, stamped notation indicating Bureau approval will be placed on single-page copy and it will be returned to field. 3. Administrative handling Ae be e. I h. '@ i I Follow same procedure in handling, processing, and reporting data and material furnished by panel sources as afforded security informants. Handle payments for legitimate expenses incurred and services rendered in same manner as security informants. Gifts should not be given to panel sources. Open 134 file when active investigation of prospective panel source initiated. Close file administratively if panelist is not contacted regularly. Note contacts with panelists in their respective files. Only Agents designated in particular case should contact panelists. Every six months submit FD-401 to Bureau requesting continuation of payments to panel source. If source not paid on Bureau authorization, Agent handling prepare memorandum to SAC for file containing certi- fication as to stability and reliability. A symbol number should be assigned from the time any step is taken to develop an individual as a panel source. Use abbreviation "PS" before symbol number, e.g., PS NY OOO-S, Designate, where practicable, coordinating Agent to maintain current roster of panel sources and scheduled organization activities, who will notify Agents handling individual panelists of organizational functions to be covered. Coordinating Agent should receive notice of coming events from Agents handling organizations, informants, and publications. Advise Bureau of date panel source is discontinued and reasons. } [t. [DELETED] 23 10-15-74 p Ne 55072 Doold: 325895259 Page 1500
a [2070—v SECTION 107. (on sas jsscunsey INFORMANTS AND MP omer: SOURCES; [AND FOREIGN COUNTERINTELLIGENCE ASSETS ] U. UTILIZATION OF INFORMANTS AND SOURCES AT INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING 1. Use of students ae Students under age of 18 years are not to be developed as security informants, potential security informants, or other types of security sources in other than highly unusual circumstances. Under such circumstances, furnish complete justification to Bureau. be. Upon initial contact with prospective student informant or source, individual should be tactfully requested to execute a brief signed written statement for field file setting forth that this individual has voluntarily come forward to furnish information to FBI because of his concern over individuals or groups that may be inimical to interests of U. S. Government and that he understands FBI has no interest in legitimate institution or campus activities. 2e Deleted 3. Responsibility for well-planned coverage Each office must have continuous and well-planned program to obtain necessary coverage at institutions of learning so that Bureau can fulfill its obligations. Care with which this must be done in no way lessens responsibility of each field office to have proper coverage. Ve CLASSIFICATION - 134 24 10-15~74 MW 55072 Doold: 32989529 Page 1501
. SECTION 107. o INFORMANTS AND CONF ENED SOURCES 5.) Listed below are all. of the Bureau offices and the dates semiannual This list is also applicable to the submission letters should be submitted, NW 55072 of semiannual letters on criminal informants. Office Albany Albuquerque Anchorage Atlanta Baltimore - Birmingham Boston Buffalo Butte . Charlotte - Chicago Cincinnati Cleveland Dallas Denver Detroit El Paso Honolulu Houston Indianapolis Jacksonville Kansas City Knoxville Little Rock Los Angeles Louisville Memphis Miami Milwaukee Minneapolis Mobile Wewark vew Haven New Orleans New York orfolk Oklahoma City maha Fhiladelphia Thoenix Pittsburgh Fortland Bhiachmond St. Louis Salt bake City San Antonio San Diego San Francisco San Juan _ Savannah Seattle Springfield { Zampa Washington, D. C. Bocld: 32989529 Page 1502 23 Dates | January 15 and July 15 i w n tt ft we January 31 and July 31 Tn w u ty February tt n "tt February tt it tt March 15 April 15 bs J iis t April 30 wv w i 15 and August 15 t n Om Fs bY 28 and August 31 ’ n tt and September 15 BS ft and September 30 Bi] iG and October 15 tt and October 31 tt wt it May 15 and November 15 et w tt AS] ” May 31 and November 30 6-15-60 . 18 2 Aten pera atten: .
[1072 - & SECTION 107 Gszcunrey INFORMANTS (AND corr @ x: SOURCES] ae] - SIGNING OF LOYALTY OATHS, AFFIDAVITS, AND STATEMENTS 1. Every effort should be made to guide security informants away from Situations requiring them to sign or fill out loyalty oaths or forms. 2. Informants should be cautioned to keep the contacting Agent fully acvised of any situation wherein they might. be required to sign such a orm, 3. Advise Bureau promptly of all such situations which cannot be avoided, - 4, The Bureau will consider as a last resort advising another agency of the informant's relationship with the Bureau, together with pertinent facts concerning the informant's activity; however, such situations must be kept to a minimum in view of the obvious dangers to the informant, 5. Hach such situation must be carefully considered and Bureau is to be : advised as promptly as possible, together with an appropriate recom— _ mendation for proposed action, 6, In no instance should you permit an informaut to sign a loyalty oath in the negative, Q. DISCONYINUSD INFORMANTS 1. When the services of an informant are discontinued, mark the name card [ "Gancelled." Destroy the symbol card, Never destroy the name card. 2. Refile the name card in numerical order by symbol number ‘in the symbol number index, The symbol number shall aot be subsequently reassigned to another informant. If a discontinued informant or a discontinued potential security informant or confidential source to whom a symbol number was once assigned later is reactivated, remove his name card from the symbol number index, mark it reactivated with appropriate date, note thereon type of information he will now be furnishing, and refile it alphabetically in the name card section of the index. 3. When a potential security informant or confidential source is discon- tinued and a permanent symbol has not been assigned, destroy the alpha— . betical index card. 4; k&kdvise the Bureau when a potential informant or informant is discontinued and the reason therefor. -5. Advise the Bureau as to whether or not the informant is willing to testify in open court or before administrative hearing boards. The identity of all cases of security of Government employees type in which the informant has furnished information must be ascertained and the Bureau advised in [ compliance with section[69F, volume IIIT, of this manual.] 6. Review the informant's file to determine if any copies or summaries of correspondence between the Bureau and the field relating tc the Depart— ment's interest in using the informant for testifying when he becomes available as a witness are contained therein, In those cases in which it is evident the Department has indicated a desire to consider the inform— ant further when he becomes available, advise the Bureau in each such substantive case, except in those cases in which it is obvious the statute of limitations has run or the case has been adjudicated, This exception does not apply to security of Government employees cases, When all above action is completed, advise the Bureau, 7, A statement shall also be made to the effect that the measures to con-— trol] informants, set out in 8 below, have been considered and recommenda— ; tions shall be made when it appears that such are warranted, 8. When the services of an informant are discontinued, maintain close con- tact with him so that the informant will look to the Bureau for advice and counsel prior to taking any action which would be against the Bureau's best interests. When an informant is discontinued, determine whether he has plans for writing a book, magazine or newspaper article, or other- wise publicizing his activity. If so, he should be impressed with the desirability of coming to the Bureau for assistance and guidance rather than making other arrangements, If an informant insists on engaging in BY 24 2-12-60 NW 55072 - Docld: 32999529 Page 1503
. MW Sa072 A. DEFINITIONS 1. SECTION “@ SECURITY INFORMANTS AND cor SOURCES Security informant Individual actively engaged in obtaining and furnishing current infor— mation on security matters exclusively for Bureau and whose identity must be protected. Such person should be a member or attend meetings of a subversive organization, such as the Communist Party; or be in such a position relative to a subversive organization, or espionage activitic' or intelligence activities in the U. S. on behalf of foreiga princip2) vhat he is able to obtain and does provide current infor- mation of value, Potential security informant Individual in 2 position to become active in 2 subversive organization or eSpionage or intelligence activities in the U. S, on behalf? of foreign principal or can become closely associated therewith, and is making affirmative effort through associations or contacts so that he,can be in a position actively to obtain and furnish current information to Bureau, a , Double agent ‘ A specialized t:pe of security informant; a person who is cooperating with, receivin: xssignments from, and performing tasks for both a foreign intelligence stivice and the Bureau under the Bureau's guidance, Confidential sou.ce An individual who on a confidential basis furnishes information available to him through his present position. Examples would be: bankers, telephone company employees, American employees of foreign official establishments, - employees of the United Nations Secretariat, and individuals who furnish trash in connection with trash covers, These individuals make no concerted effort on behalf of the Bureau but merely obtain and furnish information readily available to them, . SOURCES OF POTENTIAL SECURITY INFORMANTS Informants should be developed on all organizations and individuals which are inimical to the internal security. Experience has shown that potential -informants may be obtained through alertness in the course of normal invresti- gative activity. Live informant coverage depends for the most part upon initiative and resourcefulness of individual Agents and SACs, For assistance in obtaining potential informants, the following is suggesteds 1. ° NOURWN Evaluation of a, Complainants in security matters od. Persons interviewed in connection with security cases c. Subjects of security investigations looking for indicetions of disef- fection, disgruntlement, loss of interest, inactivity, financial hard— ship, or other repudiation of party loyalty ‘ ad. Bureau applicants as possible informants e. Personal friends and contacts of Special Agents and other Bureau employees f. Sources of information, confidential sources, and contacts on con. tinuous basis Review of closed security files on individuals Review offreservelindex Ascertain possibilities of reactivating former confidential informants, Survey possibilities of trash covers, Review factionalism section of file on Gommunist Party, USA, Consultation with present informants regarding indications of disaffection on the part of Communist Party members, They, of course, should not be informed as to the purpose of the inquiry. Review of files on communist front organizations looking for individuals who have been associated with only one or two fronts or who atvended only a few meetings of a front, Such individuals frequently are innocent of communist propensities, yet they have a basis for cultivating the acquaintance of party members. The Progressive Party File also might prove a fertile field, 3 7-15-60 Doeld: 32969529 Page 1504 ween
f10e7B —~ CG Fee | maa estes Nw 55072 ERECTION °@ SECURITY INFORMANTS (AND crt SOURCES ] 9, Investigation of. communist petition signers who are acquainted with Communist Party functionaries 10, Be alert to receive any suggestions of plant executives and highly placed personnel who are reliable and friendly to the Bureau concerning members of subversive organizations who might cooperate with the Bureau or employ~ ees who might be willing to infiltrate a subversive organization. In the past such contacts have on occasion resulted in the plantts making avail~ able the services of an employee who already is an informant of the manage ment, 11. Personnel directors in plants frequently are able to advise of members of communist—dominated unions who retain their membership merely to hola their positions. 12, With regard to both 10 and 11 above, if possible, ‘"" suggest to the potential informant that he contact the Bureau rather than have an Agent originate the contact. 13, After the Bureau has notified the armed forces trial plant having armed forces contracts, the official should of a communist in an indus. the communist frequently recants when he is informed of the charges and is. facing the possibility of dis- missal or transfer to a nonrestricted position in the same plant. At such a time, officers friendly to the Bureau sometimes suggest that the person advise the Bureau of his past activities. Be alert to take advantage of such cooperation when offered, 14, Review of Communist Party registration records to ascertain what individ- uals merely registered but never became active 18. Contacts in th: U, - Use of a reliable third ant when direct contact furnish the services of (16, Officials and employees 17. jEmployees of the United (business, 8, party to make the contact with a possible inform. by an Agent is inadvisable, an individual who is available for such 2 contact, of foreign establishments in the U. 8, Nations Secretariat Request Bureau to social, or otherwise) of foreign officials stationed 19, Individuals who because of background, - in a position of intelligence interest to a foreign principal and who will undertake intelligence assignments under the guidance of the Bureau, Cc, INVESTIGATION When a decision made OF POTENTIAL[ SECURITY ]INFORMANTS poses, background investigation must be conducted, the following: 1. Check of field office files for derogatory information, particularly of a subversive nature employment, (See deseco program, section 105X,6h, volume IV, ant is known to current informants of your office 3. Inquiries of discreet nature to obtain information concerning the individ ual's personal history (date and place of birth, etc.), patriotism, health, or social status are to consider a particular individual for informant pur This should consist of Z2. Discreet canvass of other informants to ascertain if the potential inform reliability, stability, integrity, general reputation, present and past Background investigation must definitely establish that the potential informant can be utilized without any danger of future embarrassment due to instability or unreliability. Securing background. information from the potential informant is not employments, sufficients investigation, 4, Check of local credit and arrest records. and business connections. the background of the individual must be establish hed by the Obtain necessary data for the completion of an FD-9 form which should be transmitted to the Identi- fication Division “IO U1 e@# eo @ obtained, Doold: 32989529 Page i505 to obtain the record, Armed services record should be reviewed if the individual is a veteran. Check draft status or status in the armed forces reserve, Domestic.status and if any marital difficulties all details should be 2-12-50 if any, of the informant. ef this manual. )j Nn”
{1L07N ~— 0 SECTION | SECURITY TTFORMANTS[ AND corr porn SOURCES] proteot his security, Fellow members of the pertinent subversive erganization may be aware of his unemployment status and would expect him te apply. Where a state requires notifisation of Bureau payments } tc informants that would necessitate disclosure of their identity, then Bureau payments should be discontinued during the period they réceive unemployment oompensation benefits, [9, Handling money and property received by double agents &2e Double agents must turn over to the Bureau any money or property received from their principals in connection with the double agent n intelligence operation, This should be made olear to the double agent at the inception of the operation (consider obtaining a signed statement to this effect), Exceptions to this rule must be specifi~ cally approved by the Bureau, Hntirely separate arrangements must pe made for payments to double agents for services rendered to the ‘Bureav. b, Any money or property ‘received by a double agent from his principal represents possible future evidence and the double agent should execute a statement describing the money received by type of currency, denomination, series of issue, and serial number and appropriately describing any cther property received, This statement should be signed by the double agentfs code name or number, ec. Money or property received from double agents should be retained as evidence in accordance with section 3, part II, Manual of Rules and Regulations. a, Bureau Agents receiving such money or property. from double agents should make independent records for retention for purposes of refresh— ing recollection in the event testimony is later necessary.] . oO . , O. SEMIANNUAL LETTER A semiannual letter should be submitted to the Bureau by each office as follows: 1, List the symbol numbers of all security informants and confidential , sources being vaid for services ox expenses on 2 regular basis, If such confidential source has no symbol number, list his name, 2, Also list the symbol numbers of all unpaid seourity informants, 3, Set forth any comments concerning the present status of the informant coverage of the office, together with information concerning what actions are being taken to improve the security informant coverage, 4, As a separate section of the semiannual letter, list under “Headquarters City" and each resident agency ell subversive organizations broken down into each division and unit thereof, such as olubs, committees, and chapters, erp a Under each unit the approximate membership, together with the sy 101 numbers and positions of security informants affording coverage, should be set out, Where no informant coverage exists or where coverage is provided by informants or sources who are not members, such factors should be shown relative to each unit. Semiennual Letters may include any additional pertinent information re informant coverage that may be helpful in over~ell evaluation, such as informants in other divisions who are ocoasionally utilized and highly placed informants who furnish area-wide, national, or international information. ved 4 quae 21 2-60 NW 55072 Doocld: 32969525 Page 1506
‘ SECTION 107. Gcorrry INFORMANTS AND connor @ax SOURCES . 1LO7N If the informant receives from outside employment less than $4800, all of which is subject to Social Security tax, the amount on whioh he will have to report for Social Security tax purposes, if he com pletes a schedule C, is the difference between the amount received from regular employment and $4800. If informant completes a schedule C, the nature of business of the self—employed must be stated and informants should be instructed to use as the nature of self-employment any applicable occupation with-— out revealing connection with the Bureau, 7. ‘Stipulation re payments made to witnesses - ae [ [ [ [ t : [ [ } De Co de 8. Receipt of unemployment compensation Be (MW 55072 DocId:32989529 Page 1507 10-13-60. _ Unit, Interdivisional correspondence should be addressed to the In trials in which informants, former informants, or other persons who were paid sums of money are prospective witnesses, the Eureau must furnish the Department{[a set of Photostats of the original receipts signed by the prospective witnesses, The original receipts and a set of Photostats will be transmitted to the field office in whose territory the trial Will take place.] The office handling prosecution must- determine from the[{Government] attorney which individuals are “to be used as witnesses, Thereafter the office should furnish and/or cause other appropriate offices to furnish to the Bureau. the follow~ ing information: 1 The correct, full name 2 All aliases, code names, and symbol numbers 3 the first date of contact by your office 4 If first contact w:: prior to September, 1944, the names of all J 0 Shs, SACs',~ andi ASACs. who combapted and may have made payments: “wisnlus 0” (5) A tabulation of all payments, broken down as to the amount appli- cable to services and the amount applicable to expenses. {Although tabulations are not furnished to the Department, those prepared by your office will be reconciled with Bureau records. ] (6) A listing of any advances, refunds, and outstanding balances of advances 2} The date of lass contact by your office 8 Whether the ing vidual has been contacted by any other office Bach individual and each item of information must be accounted for, If no contact was made with a particular individual, the Bureau must be so advised, . Where an informant has previously been used and a tabulation of pays ments was prepared, information for items (5) through (8) need be given only from the date of the last trial from whioh the individual was used, The above information should be submitted separate and apart from correspondence setting forth derogatory information, and should be addressed to the attention of the Administrative Division, Voucher Bureau with copies designated for the interested offices, At times security informants and/or sources temporarily lose their jobs with private industry due to strikes, economic conditions, or similar circumstances, As a result they become eligible for unemployment compensation, Where unemployment regulations require listing of ali sources of income as a prerequisite for obtaining unemployment compensation and security informants and/or sources who at the time are being paid by the Bureau for services rendered fail to comply, the situation is potentially embarrassing, The Bureau cannot be placed in the position of condoning a violation of the state law on the part of any informant or source, Each field office must determine from state unemployment compensation officials effect of unemployment compensation laws on paid informants and/or sources, Depending on local requirements, informants and sources must be alerted accordingly. Whenever a paid informant and/or source becomes unemployed or has knowledge of impending unemployment, discuss all facts with him and submit observations and recommendations to Bureau. Unless advised to the contrary by the Bureau, follow recommended action, Each office must assume the responsibility of guarding against informant's accepting a Bureau payment that wovld conflict with unemployment compensation laws, At the same time, weigh seciously the possible need for an informant to apply and accept unemployment compensation to 21
5 10, idl. 12. Ls 13, . 14, 15. MW 55072 Docld:32999529 Page i508 1-16-61 SECTION 107. @ INFORMANTS AND CONFIDENTILAL SOURCES 1070 such activities, the Bureau will consider placing him in contact with a reliable publisher, but it must be made clear to the inform ant thet the Bureau will not sponsor or endorse any book or publi- cation which he elects to write. ; ; . ALL payments to discontinued security informants and confidential sources must be made on a strict c.o.d. basis, Obtain Bureau author ity before making any such payments, In requesting Bureau authority for payments of this type, submit complete details as to the infor-— mation furnished by the discontinued informant or source in the past and what is to be expected of the informant or source in the future, Once an informant is exposed in any manner whatsoever he is no longer to be carried as a concealed source in reports or memoranda, His ‘brue name is to be set forth, together with descriptive data, When an office receives information concerning,or obtains information from, an ex-informant, copies of memoranda prepared must be furnished to the office which originally handled the informant so that the file of the ex-informant will be as complete as possible, When an informant has been discontinued for Gause, such as unreliabil- ity, he should not be contacted in the future for information, If such an individual furnishes information it should be accepted, but in ° setting out the information in reports or communications use the individualts true name, together with an appropriate description of his reliability. Remove flash notice per section F, 6, Repeated use of the same discontinued informant as a witness at security trials and hearings should be avoided. Make an all-out effort to develop witnesses who can furnish the same testimony as that expected of previously used witnesses, Advise Bureau of any indication by Government attorneys that an informant-witness who has previously testified will be called upon for testimony at a subsequent trial or hearing and furnish your comments concerning possibility of supplanting the testimony of individual - involved. Submit communication under appropriate case character, Every effort should be made to prevent a discontinued informant from becoming involved in situations which may prove embarrassing to informant or the Government. Immediately after he testifies for the first time, a serious talk should be had with informant by the SAC in the presence of the «Sent who handled the informant, This interview should be conducted in the fisld office and informant told that: ao He will no longer be operated by the Bureau b. Since he is a public figure, he will probably be contacted by representatives of the press, radio, and television for interviews and appearances Co He may be sought as a witness by congressional committees, by the Immigration and Naturalization Service, and by state authorities ad. (Pirmly stress.} In connection with such interviews and appearances, informant must continue to be factual and truthful and must not build up or embellish the statements, for if he does so he will wind up in serious trouble. Advise Bureau results of such interview and comment on its possible effectiveness. Be alert to the possibilities of former informant being contacted by representatives of publicity media and as a witness by congressional compittees, INS, and state authorities. It will be the SAC's respon- sibility to know when a former informant is scheduled or is likely to appear at a hearing or make a public appearance of any kind. Prior thereto in each instance, former informant must be contacted and instruc- tions above set forth reiterated by Agent who handled the informant. Emphasize to former informant that he must stick to the truth and make certain he can back up what he says, and if there is any deviation he 25