2 * Wt > na SeBayeace re ee . = é. “They laughed. when I wound up my shaver... | That’ cy liable to happen to you' when: ‘you’. firet | ‘use! misy seem e@ plaything. Or st.best an emergency type of shaver (because it necds ino cords or bat- teries). After all, how-can' as hand-cranked shaver to finish one shave? _ “One answer at a time: The three- blade shaving head uu seve! the winding. The palm-shaped body of the RIVIERA ° ‘with a huge mainspring made’ of the seme Swedish super steel used in the most expensive watch move-. ‘ments. You crank. the key. just likes movie camera’ | (about six turns) and the RIVIERA ‘shaves and - shaves and shaves; From ear to ear;, from noss to: | ing speed, right to the end-—and long enough to do _the complete job. Hard to believe, but tes ty. true. A few more details: The surgical. steal: blades are s0 designed that they ace continuously self-sharpening. - You will find. that the ‘more you use, the: RIVIERA - unbelievably thin (5/100 of a millimeter) that pres- sure is unnecessary. You just touch the ‘shaver on your face and gently guide it in circular motions. We could go on. But we don’t expect :to sell you with words. We just want to get you open‘n ‘minded | enough to. tie up $17 for two weeks. We'll sive. you that long to put the "RIVIERA to the test...If it dis- - . appoints. you ‘(if you want to return it for any rea- son), send it back. Your. money will be in the return won't happen and that you will: want to keep‘ your RIVIERA for the office, club, ‘cabin of in.s pe dent place in your bet hroom cabinet. It's that ‘hind ae .of a thing. Once you've tried it you won't let it go. - P.S. You not only save the cost of an “electric. motor, but you save the cost of repairing it: The money that. it leaves in your pocket; the- dependability, ive you the last laugh. Caan WRITE OR PHON “| 26. Washington St., Son-Franelsco, Colif.. oil { which: my check for $17.95 ($16.95, plus, sl 0 ] return the shaver within two weeks If f am wnot jon per and delighted.. One xr guarantee on parts and workmanship. Lif. residents } | add 4% sales tax. ($18.50 after Oct. | () Bill ‘AmExpr. Acct. gece ON 1 CO Since the RIVIERA 1s the. ideal :gift for any man, but especially for. Servicemen, Ovidoors- men, and Travelers, send one to: * | with a Sis card In my name. My Poymer (os above) Is enctosed. | : : Searching the he fo bring you the Fioest jo RAMPARTS $18.50 after J | . Oct fF - the RIVIERA in front of anyone. A wind-up shaver - rotate fast enough, to doa clean and close job?.And =. “ [oc how many times do you have:to ‘wind the dam: thing revolves at such 8 fest clip that it ot ictually gives - ~- Compare that to-your- $30” Sarde fuxe. ine Now, ‘about ~~ /*" (named for its birthplace, Monte-Carlo) is filled neck, without slowing down: Maintains its full shav-_ i the sharper and the better it gets. The guard is to. ~ mail. Obviously, we have reason to delieve:that this ==. ° the good, fast, clean shaves that you'll. gst—they a j Mei tor HAVERHILL? Phoeee (415). 991 mae] : Ly Please send me.the RIVIERA Shaver, for | | { for, postage ond insurance) ts enclosed. bh | . { a Field Director Robert Richter, who ex- haustively interviewed scores of critics. and proponents of the Report alike, “seemed genuinely inclined towards the . _critics’ point of view when he talked with ‘me, but he allowed that he was having {| trouble convincing Leslie Midgley, the- _ executive producer in New York, that the critics should. get a fair hearing. _|.., They didn’t. The script was rewritten _four.times, and when the series finally unfolded, it was not until the end of the third night that the atidiénce saw a |. live critic. Thirty-minute tapes had been |° filmed of Mark Lane.and myself, from: |. which were sliced’ one-minute. segments. at a ‘Meanwhile | a string ‘of handpicked. wit- ‘riesses and “experts” were. heard from, - and Cronkite donned the black cap and pronounced Oswald:guilty as charged. : .., Aware that the skepticism. ‘over the | ‘Report stemmed from three major. in- :|.. consistencies—the. ‘manifestation ‘of the . : -Zapruder film that the three shots (it was assumed there were only three) had to | have been. fired: within.5:6: seconds, - the: |: ahs implausible “magic bullet’. theory, and |° :the secrecy over the autopsy -x-rays— , CBS set out-to dispel all doubt. - On the Zapruder- film ‘dilemma, CBS . ‘trurnped the Warren Report by stretch- ing the time.constraint to a. readily ‘be- |. .. lievable nine seconds. ‘At least: ‘it thought |, it did-One technique was to suggest that | | _| Oswald may have fired’ the first. shot.at | “| frame 186, when: the President * mo- . mentarily appeared ‘through a-gap'in the | - tree foliage. Even the: Corhmission - had . discounted this possibility, but—CBS _ discovered that the.Zapruder film was - noticeably blurred at frames 190, 227 and 318. Kennedy.was behind: a freeway |. sign at 190, but 227 and 318 are several } : frames after the film. shows. Kennedy’s . reaction to the impact of bullets. The . blurs, CBS posited, were caused ‘by “ Zapruder’s. reflexive “jumping” ‘at the - crack of the rifle. A startling discovery especially considering. that frames 195 and 203 show equal blurring, raising the ; . presumption of five shots. . : : Determined to elongate the. time ‘ele- . Le _sment, CBS further suggested that Zap- |: _ ruder may have inddvertently flipped his’. _camera lever to its slow motion setting ; . |. thus his footage represents atime span of up to nine seconds. In point of fact, the i faster-running film ‘would: shave: com." pressed the time to'no more | than 3.3 and -{ no one there, asany fool could plainly see. as little as 4.3 seconds: _ top ‘of the Knoll: Yet on the -progran Midgley gave. his viewers a quick look: at. The magic bullet” simulation was, on : the face of it, impressive. With the help of.an outside consultant, CBS laid four | - blocks of gelatin separated by Masonite .. _ slabs end to end; the arrangement was . supposed to represent the muscle,. flesh, _ bone and fiber of the bodies of Kennedy ‘and Connally, the governor’s wrist, arid finally the j governor's thigh, all of whick - the “magic bullet’: allegedly passed ; through. In slow motion, the camera fol. |} lowed the path of the bullet through the :. _ four blocks. In each test, the announce; . said, the test bullet ‘lodged i ‘in the: third block, but he quickly pointed out ‘that ~ with just a bit of extra energy it would. a - have. ‘made. it. through—and therefore i ; the, single bullet. -theory..was “possible.  But- CBS did fot. insert.a “rib cage’, to | _ synthesize the one shattered by. a bullet, - Furthermore, it did ‘not. announce the distance from which the test shots were ‘fired (the: penetrating ‘ability of a “bul drops off. sharply | as” ‘the. distance in- -creases); didn’t let its viewers look: at the | test bullet to compare it with ‘the almost : ~pristine-condition of the. actual * “magic _ | =bullet"”(CE 399); and neglected to dupii: : ‘cate. the eccentric. path -the., “magic ~bullet” would’ have had to prescribe... ; As for the withheld autopsy photos ; and x-rays, CBS conceded that the Com: mission was remiss. and sloppy i in certain 7 : “phases. of iits - inquiry,: and, elicited. from, John. McCloy, a. ‘Commission’ ‘mem the statement that if: he had it all t6.do: over again,. ‘Hie. ‘would | ‘insist that 7 __ material be subpoenaed. - - The critics’ contention that shots ¢ came ; from the Grassy Knoll was dismissed by CBS with:what amounted to a: haughty , wave of the hand; this despite ‘the’ fact that ‘Ray Marcus, one of the. more pers 4 sistent critics, dropped in on CBS Midgley when: the program was in pro- : ‘duction and showed him an enlarged photograph of the head and shoulders of f “a man against a foliage ‘background. “Ah; “ exclaimed the unsuspecting Midg- “Tey, “that’s a. picture: ‘of the man. who shot James Meredith from ambush in” ’ Mississippi. ” It wasn't;. it was an en- _ largement froma spectator’s photograph ; . showirig the Grassy. Knoll at the moment ; ‘the. President was. shot—and the. War Commission: had insisted. no one was the: photograph—not a closeup of the - enlargement—in effect saying there was. : CBS's egregious talents were also put
‘towork onD.A. Jim Garrison, who came off as a ruthless opportunist trying to convert malpractice into political ad- vantage, and Mike Wallace grilled him with staccato questions along the line of, “Do you still beat your wife?” Garrison, however, happens to ‘be unflappable, and he didn't rise to the bait: In response to one loaded question ‘about a. prisoner who claimed to have been offered a deal : to say the right thing, he fired back dead-" pan, ‘‘As‘a matter of. fact, this i is part of | our incentive. program for convicts. We : also have six weeks i in the Bahamas. We . give them LSD to get there.” . The gross injustice. of CBS’ treatment wL. : of Garrison came into focus when it " preempted considerable air time to af- oo ~ ford William Gurvich; a newly defected. . Garrison aide, the’ opportunity to level: | _ a broadside of charges against the D.A.": "and. his investigation, . -without ‘giving: Garrison the Opportunity to ‘reply. Gar- " rison had “no case,” Gurvich. contended, - _ was employing’ “illegal and. unethical methods,” ‘and was in fact * ‘paranoiac.”” '- §Gurvich “himself had been “sickened,” | - - She claimed, by the arrest'of Clay Shaw (it: .. was ‘Gurvich. who had - proudly ane. |- nounced the arrest). The day. following | his CBS appearance, Gurvich repeated |- his charges toa New Orleans grand j jury, . which decided: they had no: substance: at CBS didn’t: bother to: interrupt. ‘its wrap- . up program that night to let the nation know. Although Gurvich preferred’ to think : of himself as Garrison’s chief investiga- tor, the facts are somewhat different. ‘He a materialized at Garrison’s office. just be- fore Christmas and offered’ his services ‘in the ‘investigation. Sorely ‘understaffed, Garrison accepted. Gurvich was never | on salary, ‘but his enthusiasm was, un--}) questioned. At one ‘point, ‘when a war- ‘I. rant was obtained for the arrest ‘of. Sergio Arcacha-Smith, a former: leader of a CIA-sponsored anti-Castro. front, -Gurvich told Garrison’ he wanted to go to Dallas and personally make the arrest {. so he could say, “I’ve gotcha, Arcacha. oan iD (Governor Connally refused to sign ex- - tradition papers, and the trip. was never made.) But. Gurvich, ‘it developed, |! had |. never read ° ‘the: ‘Warren : ‘Report and its. volumies, and: had only a shaky grasp of | the investigation. Garrison. kept ‘the i in- _. vestigation in the hands of his. actual. ' chief sleuth, Louis Ivon, a police detec-. tive posted to the D. A.’s office: Gurvich's interest began to fade, and for the | six 2 Snore weeks prior to his defection he hardiy - showed up at the office. ; During this period Gurvich was mect- ing frequently in New Orleans. with Walter Sheridan; Bobby Kennedy's for-. mer “get Hoffa” operative, now evi- “dently NBC’s “get Garrison” ramrod. On June 25, Gurvich had a private meet- “and although’ both declined comment, _ the fact that he was defecting leaked to ' . NBC. It was Newsday, the Long Island . ‘newspaper for which Bill Moyers. left the: White House, that, broke. the: story. © June 20 in. anticipation of. Gur-. _ vich’s. defection,. but he balked: past. the» - deadline. As a ‘surrogate, Saturday ; _ Evening Post' writer Jim Phelan anchored : * the program. His article, “Rush. to Judg- “ment In New Orleans” in the‘ ‘May. ‘6.- issue had thrown a cloud of doubt over. the. testimony of key Garrison. witness © ‘ent when Shaw,. David Ferrie ‘and Os- |. " wald discussed, a scheme’ to assassinate -Presiderit: Kennedy. Russo: had. first been - interviewed by young, Assistant D.A. - Andrew J. Sciambra. Phelan contended ~ that Russo had ‘mentioned nothing about the Shaw-Ferrie-Oswald. discussion ‘to, : Sciambra; that the notion of a plot. had - been: implanted i in Russo's’ mind-by Gar-: : Tison while: he was under Sodium Pen-:: ~tothal and hypnosis. : ws duced a memorandum by Sciambra, ' Te-. - porting ‘his initial interview with’ ‘Russo . which indeed made no mention. of the * plot. discussion. The miemorandum had |}. ” been rather: ‘casually . handed to. ‘Phelaa iby Garrison; and reading | Phelan’s piecé; “f one gets the’ impression | he not ‘only’ as- | ‘sumed it was a complete, memorandum, ; : of Garrison's case. : - The full. story: is this. ‘Sciainbra thoy-. * oughly interviewed Russo on Saturday, ‘February ‘25, at which time the plot dis-*|. -cussion, was revealed. He feported: the interview to Garrison; who, realizing its. | Office first thing’ Monday. At that time, ° Russo ‘repeated. the entire story . in the presence ‘ofa stenographer. To settle the | question of Russo's veracity in his own , - the office, started to dictate hismemoran: - dum’ in bits and snatches, It was half... - . completed when thrust at Phelan.’ 2 ing in New York with Bobby Kennedy, |: 7 by Jim Phelan, acting on behalf of NBC, 5 - to persuade him to recant his testimony, z Russo also says Walter. Sheridan showed. oO “ wreck the Garrison investigation.’ ”* Sher-* THE HASTILY-CONTRIVED (NBC. : « special: had- -been. scheduled ‘for’ - F ‘California, protect my job, arid | guaraftee : ‘Garrison: would never get me extradited . back to Louisiana.” When: he stuck to 8 brandishing a stick. Townley ‘threatene , 7 Russo ‘says, to ruin his personal reputa- - tion. Garrison has filed criminal charges a ~Perry Russo. as.to. whether. he. was -pres-: |-- ‘fingers’ crossed. “Perry asked’ us ‘for. ~.couple: of. hundred: dollars to get star: -on a job,” Garrison. explains, ' turned him down as.a matter of ‘policy. I know it’s awful hard for: a, + Young man CBS tetworks, ‘but by ithe press at large... a Hugh Aynesworth of Newsweek wrote — “that, Garrison was shamelessly preying. * on the “vulnerability:of homosexuals,” “and the Associated Press disseminated a _ tendentious series whitewashing the Re- : port—the longest. tome in AP: history. AS. | for: NBC's: slanted. coverage, Garrison _ : offers’ the theory that “NBC is owned by - RCA, “and RCA is one'of the ‘top: ten government contractors.” “but. presuiied he had been. cut’ in: ‘onal. - v : : attorney prosecuting’ a homicide | ‘con : “|, -spiracy case. That: his’ evidence: i : * whimsical ‘or unfounded. has: bee . As prima facie evidence; Phelan intro-: ‘ . a three-judge panel. In a grotesque | twist, "importance;.- had" Russo come: to the: | “ newspaper, .” ‘they have judged: a. cour ‘ hear the case. mind as far as possible; Garrison ordered po “2 “truth serum” (Sodium. Pentothal). | , test, which. turned out favorable: Then, ——— since- -over ‘three years had elapsed. since. the event, Russo was hypnotized to facil- " itate his recollection of details. Mean... while. the harried Sciambra, trying. to keep up with the tide of work engulfing Perry” Russo claims he was, contacted. ip’ at his residence shortly’ before ‘special - and: ‘souight ‘his help: “to. idan dangled a cafrot, asserted Russo, in the ‘form’ of ‘an offer “to set me up in his ‘story, Richard Townley : of N against: Sheridan-and Townley. for. at- tempting to suborn; but he is keeping his ‘and .we Jim Garrison is a duly elected | district firmed by a. New Orleans grand jury and. ‘the networks’ and press have not only. convicted. the’ prosecutor ‘ina “trial -b) case before millions of viewers and ‘thus possibly. prejudiced: venire men who will ‘Such tactics smack of desperation and indicate there is. much: to. hide. —_
A fo ormer + FBI 1 man, now. a critic of the Warren Commission, _ looks at the King Assassination and finds” INTRARY To LEGEND, THE FBI doesn’t crack every V case: Many are stamped “‘cLosip ADMINISTRATIVELY,” with the explanation, “All logical leads. exhausted.” . as an FBI" agent to find. out what ‘this meant. Sometimes’ the = case was too petty to pursue. Sometimes: it couldn't be ‘solved, Occasionally it had been bungled. from the outset. And there’ ~ were times when a.case was: simply not. to the Bureau’ 8 liking. Hoover called, Dr. Martin Luther King the “most notérious liar in ‘the world” i in.1964, after. King ‘questioned the FBI's zeal in ‘pressing civil rights i investigations. believe that it: would muff or muzzle the investigation of a .. Case of the. magnitude ofa "presidential assassination. ’. At " first, I did not share’ the intuitive feeling of many Americans and most Europeans that John Kennedy was the victim of a ‘political conspiracy. By. training and ‘instinct I was an inves- . tigator,, accustomed to dealing with forensic evidence. The = array of apparently legitimate evidence that was being stacked ~ up against Lee Harvey Oswald was impressive. Consequently, Thad no reason to reject J. Edgar Hoover's version, leaked to the ‘press, barely three weeks after the assassination, that Os- wald and Ruby had each acted alone; The FBI version was adopted without noticeable discomfort _by the Warren Commission, which never so much as Publicly | by William W. Turner AaTSO. DoclId: 32245514 — Page <i: ae It took me the first couple of years of a ten-year stint - There never was much inclination to probe the radical right or: . much. elan for solving civil rights cases, especially after J: ‘Edgar Despite my misgivings about the FBI, 5 was not prepared to a hinted that it was far from puncture-proof, But as the Com- mission 8 inquiry proceeded, ‘the holes ‘began to appear. There was, for example, the film taken by spectator Abraham | Zapruder. It graphically showed that Kennedy’s head was jolted back:and to the left;'a reaction consistent with a shot fired from the right and front; ‘that Oswald would have had . to ‘fire three shots witha clumsy bolt-action rifle in 5.6 seconds, ; and that Kerinedy ; and Governor John Connally . of Texas were struck by separate bullets within a a. second: of each other, dic- tating at-least two shooters: _ Nevertheless, it soon became. evident that the Commission was, embracing the ‘three-shots-from-behind theory to the exclusion of all others. Disturbed, I wrote the Commission . on July 4, 1964, pointing out that the opinions of Spectators ._- as to the source of the shots could. be misleading due to a sound phenomenon known: as the “bow-wave effect.” The reply disturbed. me even more. “The Commission has com- pleted its investigation,” wrote General Counsel J. Lee Rankin on August . 28, “and is now inthe process of reviewing the results j in order to draft the Final Report as quickly as possible.” Obviously, there was apolitical . imperative to. get the report _ out before the fall elections. Once a skeptic, I became a critic: Behind the lawyers’ thetoric, the Warren Report i is riddled with contradictions, in- consistencies and implausibilities. The alternative to the single assassin theory i is a conspiracy. If Oswald did not doi it alone, it remains that he was elaborately framed. RAMPARTS 33
HE ASSASSINATION OF DR. MARTIN. LUTHER KING on April 4 presents a series of striking parallels to the Kennedy case. A rifle with a telescopic sight was con- veniently dropped at the crime. scene. Just as the Carcano left in the Texas School Book Depository Building was readily traceable to Oswald, so the Remington jettisoned outside the dingy hotel. from which King was shot was readily traceable to Eric Starvo Galt (whom the FBI subsequently identified as James Earl Ray, a 1967 escapee from a Missouri prison). In both instances, also, it appears that the police radio net- work was penetrated. Within minutes after the President was shot, the. Dallas police radio was broadcasting a description of asuspect—he generally resembled Oswald—that to this day is of unknown origin. Within. minutes after the King shooting, . Figure 1 34 RAMPARTS the Memphis police.radio was describing a police chase of a white Mustang thought to be the getaway car; police spokes- men now say the chase never took place. A white Mustang registered. to Eric Starvo Galt was found abandoned ‘in Birmingham, Alabama, a few days later. In the car was an Atlanta city map with circles drawn around Dr. King’s ‘home and church. ‘The -map was.reminiscent of the Dallas city map found among Oswald’s possessions after his arrest which had the Book Depository. Building and several points along the ; Kennedy motorcade route circled, The parallels come close to forming what the police would call a modus operandi, in which a trail was laid down to point to Oswald on the one hand, Galt on the other. - : Yet despite these compelling: indications; Attorney: Gereral ve, Ramsey Clark insists iain there is.no: eviderice of conspitacy