Woe. "0. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY 2 " ~ "WASHINGTON, D.G. posos . | oy MEMORANDUM | FOR: ‘The flonorable Walt W. Rostow bee . . Special Assistant to the President o gupypor ? og “Beheixen and the Four U.S. Navy ‘Deserters na The following ‘information. on Beheiren - was compiled. by ‘a representative of this: igaageen tein comprises | lis his personal interpretation and kn sed 5 (5 um are co and covert information available to our Station as of 20 December 1967... Copies of this memoran being furnished to Directaqr, Naval Investigative Service; _ 7 Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Department of the ... - : “Army; Deputy Assistant Secretary for: Security, Department of State; Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation: Chief, ‘Counterintelligence Division, Directorate of Special weer ;.. Investigations, The Inspector General, USAF; Commandant, _- Headquarters United States Marine Corps; and Chief, - Counterintelligence & Security Office (DIACI), Defense “. Intelligence Agency. This report partially answers DIA . (7. » letter S-4845/CI-4 of 29 December 1967 and oral requests a v.08 § similar nature’ from the Department of the Navy. en cept 2. _ Summary. On 13 November 1967, when the leaders { of ‘the Japan “Peace for Vietnam" Committee (Beheiren) f ; dramatically. announced at a press conference in Tokyo. .. that four U.S. sailors from the aircraft carrier USS INTREPID i —_ i. bad deserted their ship. because of opposition of the Vietnam a -_ °* War, the name Beheiren suddenly assumed a degree of prominence, = | : “The four sailors’ successful flight to Moscow, with Beheiren | :, .aid, where the Soviet propaganda machinery proceeded to f: SX. make capital out of this windfall, has kept Beheiren in the vil. public spotlight in succeeding weeks, The incident has e | ie a | { i f i | already stimulated a new would-be defection case involving two! Sailors from Yokosuka U. Se Aavy Base, and Beheiren ae “ese ae an ; reer oe ea, G3Ge? 1 Exsingad irsca actoctaile gongrating and ésclasutlzation CLASSIFICATION REVIEW Landetnd On a | ; | EL ehepes ce eyf)
14-00000 = - atseis | has tried to keep the "desertion mood" alive by. : organizing a new group to promote and aid the defection of “future U.S. military servicemen’ in Japan. End of Summary « a ment in the: case of the four. U. s. Navy deserters. Origin and Development_ of Beheiren rae ~. (1) Founding: Beheiren was organized in 7 April 1965, nominally as a politically inde~ :--- pendent group of intellectuals and cultured '.. persons whose purpose was “to help restore eevee 6a cuanto its ene senetntn an ae Cn at = nna Ann tn sree ananarearts ert trerncetieriememotmetemtit 8 nin ae ee ~ e , ‘ 7 “se a 68 . organized group of ex-Japan Communist Party . ' (JCP) members, progressive intellectuals, _ 2; Vietnam War by two common. denominators; dedicated _ anti-Americanism and refusal to be dominated ors . controlied by the orthodox JCP. oe (2) Hard-Core Secretariat: “The real force '. behind the organization of Beheiren has been a brillant Communist named YOSHIKAWA Yuichi, . . been perhaps the most indispensable ingredients .. '- in Beheiren's development.” YOSHIKAWA was expelled. -:°from Tokyo University for his role as an All- ‘.: Japan Federation of Student Self-Government — -.*-Associations (Zengakuren) leader “in the 1960. .° U.S.~Japan Security Treaty riots. He then went. _. “inte full time JCP mass movement professional | - work, becoming the Secretariat official in  eharge of international relations for the Japan Peace Committee, YOSHIKAWA broke with the JCP “between the JCP and the Communist Party of the ‘tional talents “in countering the JCP and its - Japan Peace Committee. YOSHIKAWA, in addition | to being a well qualified English linguist him- self, years ago surrounded himself with a small following of similarly qualified lieutenants, . whom he brought along into Beheiren to give him the necessary depth and experience -to run this new organization. YOSHIKAWA functions as Beheiren's Secretary General. ages Following is information on Beheiren and its involve~ peace in Vietnam," Actually, it is a poosely aoa >... leftist. cultured persons, and leftwing students - con ' banded together in the namé of opposition to the whose conspiratorial organizational skilis have ee “in late’ 1964, following the rupture in relations’ — _ ~~ Soviet Union (CPSU) in May that year, The inspir-" - « ‘ation for Beheiren springs in large measure from... YOSHIKAWA's personal desire to use his organiza- ens Ge era en -N - . . «
14-00000 e : woos. « “ay Respectable Intellectual Front: Following . .,,fundamental Communist principles for mass move- | ment work, the ex—JCP. organizers of Beheiren:-2=7 ° = kept themselves ‘in the background and lined up. “a number of prominent Japanese progressive — - intellectuals and leftist cultured persons to ' front for Beheiren, The choice of ODA Makoto, .°~... - ex-Fulbrighter and popular young novelist, to:. | «2: be the Chairman was a fortunate move for WTS . Beheiren. . ODA has. taken to this front work = like a duck to water. It has given hima Lo “ ehance to give unbridled vent to his own latent ~° anti-American’ feelings, puffed him up to the , extent that he has been dubbed "the ‘emperor" :_ by other Beheiren activists, and given him at _ ~ long last an ideological mission to pursue. ao .. YOSHIKAWA has performed magnificently in feeding : DA's ego needs and in infusing and indoctrina-_ 23 ting ODA so that his words and actions take on’. , Sufficiently:. virulent anti-American overtones, ~ » ODA has served another vital function for . Beheiren by “recruiting a. Sizable number of fellow intellectuals. to join the ranks of . Beheiren activists;- (See paragraph 4 for a ae ‘listing. of a: number. of. those Japanese who have. | been identified as_ active Beheiren supporters S * or sympathizers. y: Lote (4). Organizational Development: “In ‘its ‘two, «and one-half year history, Beheiren has not . Changed appreciably its organizational format, - although it has moved its office three times . = - ‘and modified its-name even oftener. Beheiren "is not a "mass organization," because it has “had no sizable- popular backing to the present time. Its.hard core, secretariat organization (is run by: YOSHIKAWA and his lieutenants, ‘Its ‘c\ public’ image, intellectual front is led by ODA, —~and given body by a score of like-minded Intel. wrt. - lectual friends of ODA and YOSHIKAWA, who form © =~: '- the loose body of Beheiren's activist leadership. '. Under this Beheiren leadership superstructure | ~ lies a base of only several hundred Beheiren | wo '. "yank-and-file" supporters, mostly young Japanese . _ students. Organizationally, Beheiren has no et . formal membership system, So its base. of support- | ers is fluid and not precisely measurable. ee .. However, the base support for Beheiren has | ee
14-00000 ed 7 er definitely been | on the upswing during 1967, ‘and “. made such notable strides during the past summer _.. Bo . that JCP Headquarters officials finally felt- © -: :.° fj ~. constrained to note with concern that Beheiren |§-) «| -f' ¢ was beginning to drain off a growing number of ; “~~. Progressive youth who otherwise would have been _ “". absorbed into the JCP's own youth movement, . - Beheiren leaders have tried to help this growth - . _ along by. setting up a youth section, calling it vedas” - "Young Beheiren." Beheiren's imaginative actions . and publicity-conscious programs have been en re CE ‘“... ¥esponsible for its recent growth, and this aed OB - period of growth seems to be now on the verge oN of really gaining momentum, As a result of its “=. ° -«° Yole in the case of the four deserting. Sailors, = :.. Beheiren has reaped bountiful publicity, has - succeeded in touching-a delicate Japanese’ public cs. merve. of sympathy and pacifism, opening a flood- ar os “gate of support for Beheiren from all over Japan, 9+ | .-. When this' case fades from the limelight, it is .0:°": * still most likely that a fair percentage of the . “current wave of popular support for Beheiren éWill. solidify into permanent mass backing, ee -giving Beheiren, for the first time, a meaning- —":‘ “ful base to support its future activities, 7 > (5) Activities ‘and Accomplishments :. Beheiren. -.. has engaged in a number of propaganda actions, “and participated in international anti-Vietnam on :.: War activities, It has tried to cooperate with .”. certain front activities in Japan controlled by _- - the JCP, most notably the Japan Committee to “Investigate War Crimes in Vietnam activities, ~ .9..°7= P: Which culminated in the Tokyo Court of August 0° 700} hy ..° 1967, but has been soundly and rudely rebuffed | : , s by the JCP. In spite of this, Beheiren has “. churned” along at its own pace, with a continu- ‘3 §{mp series of anti-Vietnam War actions, most of them related in some way to the American pacifist - . ' movement. In this regard, Beheiren has succeeded | .-in cornering a virtual monopoly on Japanese “contacts with U.S. pacifist movements and “. effectually capitalized on this to promote its -. own action program. The case of the four | deserting sailors, while an apparent lucky: “Windfall for Beheiren, only points up the fact that Beheiren, through past organizational work and promotional activities, was ready and capable |
14-00000 - (unique in Japan in this regard) to take the - ball and run‘with it. Beheiren ran all the way _-Beheiren's more notable activities since its. ; cooperated with Beheiren. ) ae . be tes) Phe Case ‘of the Four Sailor Deserters and eheiren — 2). How It Started: The consensus ‘of ali ..available press reports, with no recorded dissent}: _. indicates that. the four sailors voluntarily left _ -. their ship, went AWOL, and ended up wallowing ~ personal grievances prompted the four to embark. ‘on this misadventure is not known. But, up to. as misguided youngsters, gone astray in a foreign | ‘land, and- due to get slapped back in line with "2. traditional Navy justice.when they finally . Bo far, this made their case far: from unique. on (2) How It Became an Incident:” ‘Instead of *" yeturning to their ship of their own volition ‘or being apprehended by the Shore Patrol, the “> four made contact with Beheiren leaders. Again, coincidence, that there was no pre-planning by. > “the four to contact Beheiren. There is no . But, once thé Beheiren people made contact, they "> recognized. the potential immediately and moved vy Rast, for, the kill, Te et 3) Beheiren Takes Over: When the four made contact with Beheiren, it suddenly became an - .. entirely different ball game. Beheiren had a, ’. everything needed to capitalize on this:. veteran ~*~ ~ recognize the. windfall that had come their way; . - for the four; long standing liaison contacts _ with Soviet Embassy officials for use in plan- ning exit from Japan; solid contacts with oO and scored its most notable success since it was. ./ - organized, (Paragraph 5 contains a listing of & founding.  Paragraph.6 is a partial listing of fordigners who have been in contact with or - around Tokyo's hippie—land. Precisely what this point, the four could fairly be categorized decided to stop the fun and go back to the ship. press reports indicate that this was just a available reporting that indicates otherwise. activist leaders who are experienced enough to an apparatus that could provide hiding -places |e an eran neni on me menaneneeR SEER NaS CI EIS A PRE PRE PE IO IE TTY ORO FO CO LT AE SO OE 8 PS ES a NO SG EIS PET CA ORCI BE WY SONNE PORE EON ZT ae sees As mars mem” women we Eo OO BOO a AR IS ar Ht a rh PRR a RE TY OY EI OY ET PE TET Se eR RA
14-00000 ..° ¥eliable American pacifists with whom the bona... '., £ides of thé four sailors could be checked; oa _ foney and organization to capitalize on the. rn _.. propaganda potential (such as preparing a Co '.. movie film for the initial Beheiren press con- * . |. -\.. ference announcing the desertion, prepared more ~ .. | ". likely. than not by Beheiren stalwart KUBO  Keinosuke, an independent film producer); and. .. English speaking activists capable of sympathiz~ - .. img, encouraging, soothing, or agitating the - |. four young sailors, so that there would be no . ~ turning back. . _— SS latiemae heme “) (4) The Beheiren Apparatus at Work: While ee smany of the small pieces of this puzzle, which . would put the whole case in proper detailed - Chronological order and eliminate speculation “00 minor points, are still missing, the follow- a -* dng elements,. all part of the Beheirem apparatus 5” on make up the bulk of the Picture: . es oS -(a)° fide-out: When Beheiren got 1 hold. of . -. the four on 26 October, they had to be = hidden out for the approximate two week | °, period until their exit from Japan could be arranged, This presented Beheiren no ed '- great logistical problem. A number of 9 09200272 "5. ’.. the Beheiren activist leaders have homes oe ~- well suited to harboring fugitives. For , example, Beheiren activist leader FUKASAKU .. Mitsusada has a villa hiddén away in Boe. . Chigasaki, which was used on the night of ©. "7" ~ 2 12 September for a meeting of about 20 top | .-. Beheiren leaders, and which would be highly © ~ Suitable for hiding the four deserters. — ; . Other private dwellings, belonging to a ‘:  Beheiren. leaders and loyal supporters, are == . ..". ‘geattered throughout both the Kanto (Tokyo) - - and Kansai (Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto) areas. os (b) " Beheiren-Soviet Liaison: Beheiren a Secretary General YOSHIKAWA has maintained. '. periodic contact with Soviet Embassy officials for years. Beheiren Chairman ‘ '. ODA has met Soviet Peace Committee officials in Moscow. In the case of the four sailors, ‘information provided by a reliable sensitive . source has clearly established that both | . thea car eae nen emma penne eney ayem Reem cm ems team heer nem wee eae ee PONE BAAR FEI ae ELIE SP RE fee ar ARRAY mare nnn 62 ‘SECRET ——— - A A res . aire . AOR eRe CentER He GitION mt ate we Hee “4
14-00000 ” ee Se SECRET -. i’. YOSHIKAWA and Beheiren American collaborator -2.,.Brian Victoria met with Soviet Embassy Chief | on eo antares ny Oe Sie At me : . . J ope>-:: Press Attaché Nikolay V. Vasilyevich and - oo es — = First Secretary Sergey D. Anisimov on ne -. 30 October. This meeting was urgently wk _-" requested by the Beheiren side, to discuss Lis. “an extremely important, extremely delicate -- matter," without doubt the case of the four - ~* J. Sailors. . . . ; . (ec) Beheiren-v. s. Pacifist Liaison: Beheiren | ._ contacted Dartmouth University professor “Ernest P. Young, who flew to Japan on _...8 November, apparently helped Beheiren _~ (oe ‘leaders check out the bona fides of the _ “ deserters, and returned to the U. S. +, OF il ‘Novenber. f ——(5) “Escape to Moscow: ~ The four | deserters. turned .., ap.in Moscow on 20 November. The press has- Ce speculated, widely and unanimously that the four | . Left Japan on the Soviet passenger ship BAIKAL - —~ on 11 November, Again, there is no dissenting - opinion, overt of covert. The only mystery .. Goncerning this final phase of the Japanese ' portion of this case concerns the mechanics of . . how the four boarded the BAIKAL and who assisted . in the maneuver, But with the sailing of the : BAIKAL from Yokohama, Beheiren completed its | . most highly successful and beautifully executed oe activity in its two and one-half year history. . |: , Notu only did Beheiren smear the United States 2 i “Government's image in Japan, gain a vast amount “of priceless publicity that will swell the ranks : of its supporters and be invaluable in future | . activities, but Beheiren doubtlessly even made ; :) profit, financially, on this low budget operation--~ — ‘donations are still pouring into Beheiren head- ~_. ~-- quarters from all over Japan to "help and Protect | U.S. deserters. Wo *: yl, a (6) New Desex'ters: The successful flight to * Moscow, through the good offices of Beheiren, .\ has already stimulated one new would-be defection _.) ease in early December, involving two sailors . from Yokosuka U.S. Navy Base, and prospects are. “| -. that more will follow. Beheiren itself has tried ‘to keep the "desertion mood". alive by organizing . . — -_ ope te? se pees oy ae ereseararteetet sae I Ted a ne hl eo cal onal ame ie tee Saeed tae tenet caemeds eemeennienel Aa ek RRR “ones “SECRET
14-00000 SECRET es am oo, “e =% . . } ; ‘ i . . eed : . s 5 | naw : . . . - & . . . . . eee tone a « e vs arco ta fs a new group: > to. promote and aid defection: of St 7 _.future U.S. “servicemen in Japan. Beheiren =... ° i] ‘Chairman ODA is now preparing to depart for. ne “ Europe in order to contact and study European 7 ; , anti-Vietnam War and. deserter organizations. | we 4. Japanese who have been identified as active Beheiren ., Supporters or sympathizers; ee ie BaF : an YOSHIKAWA Yuichi © (Beheiren Secretary General) | ~ former. ‘JCP member, 9 0 2.2 7-- ws * ODA Makoto (Beheiren Chairman) ~ popular novelist. marae : .KAIKO Ken.~ Akutagawa’ prize winning novelist. oo - ‘KUBO Keinosuke ~ film: producer and director. ee ‘TSURUMI Shunsuke - Doshisha University professor. oe _ SSURUMI_Kazuko - sister .of Shunsuke (their father is the’ en i et ee ton - n late philosopher, Yusuke); - bee ~_FURUYAMA_Yozo_ - high. school.teacher, es a bt MOTO Ichiyo > ex-JCP (tried to travel. to U.S. to représent a : Beheiren at October -21.demonstrations this years. but. -o co. «was denied a visa to: enter the U. Soe eh YAMADA Atsushi - ex-JCP. Lele yt, FUK shiyuki -playwriter. |. ° . a ‘TOMINAGA Ichiro = cartoonist; 9.0 9.7 _.FUKASA usada - professor... © 2 = °0. WAHT Bios graphic designer... eo . TAKAD - Christian leader, - .. 9° YOSHIDA Kiju - film director. un - writer, : Fe aaTO neo - Buddhist ~ Eriest. . . |, HOTTA Yoshie - novelist. .--:- 9: . GOTO Hi + scientist, © - Tainan aoe eet KOWABARA Takeo - professor at Kyoto University. Be aes a NOTO hikazu - assistant professor at Tokyo University. - HIDAKA Roe - professor at Tokyo University. : ee cee . JIDA Momo - writer. ~. ae Be UD een pe tends os ppm ona oe Tp Sect ie man _ SEORET ST “TSURUMI Yoshiyuks = employed at International House an - wok ve -TERAY Minako, ° KOBAYASHI Toni Tomi, SHI Eiichi, — i oe _KNAT Fumihiko, samu RUNO Osama (Sia), SUDA Takeshi,. : er eee . KURODA Hicetoshi, YOSHINO Genzaburo,- ‘ wt sv: MATSUMOTO Ichiju, MARUYAMA Masao, " YOSHIWARA Koichiro, hola. FUKUTOME Setsuo, MIDORTKAWA. Toru, OKAMOTO Taro, i oa TLS >: KURIHARA Yukio, MIZUSAWA Yana, MATSUMOTO Seicho, : no FT, J: . ANDO Jimbei, MORITAKI Ichiro, EI Rokusuke, i
14-00000 - CHIBA Hido, |_ “as < EGAWA Taku, - 7 |: tint) FUSTT Nittatsu, © '.. » HARTYO Ichiro, “iyi. HOSHINO Yasusaburo, y XCHTT Saburo; ae ISHIDA Takeshi, pax! KANAT Yoshiko, . lfr., KASAT Seiichi, UKATAGIRI Yuzuru, tye KATO Shuichi, “.; KAZAMA Michitaro, ‘!. MATSUURA Sozo, : KODOKORO Masao, ‘- KITAKOJI Satoshi, KOMATSU Sakyo, 5. .. KOBAYASHT Shoichiro, MUCHAKU Seikyo, RURAMATSU Hiro, ‘ NISHIO Noboru, NOMURA Koichi,’ Teruo, . OTSUKOTSU Yoshiko, . SERIZAWA Tae, -SHIRAT Shimpei, SHINMURA Takeshi, SHISHIDO Hiroshi, SUGIURA Mitsuo, |~ SUGIYAMA Tatsumaru, . SUZUKI Masahira, . TAKEUCHI Yoshitomo, WADA Nagahisa, A Munemitsu, YAMADA Toshio, . YAMAGUCHI Kosaku, Some Beheiren activities and accomplishments: Regular oncé-per-month demonstrations at a public. . park in Tokyo, consisting of anti-American speeches and followed by street marches, A mass meeting in Tokyo in October ‘1966, “guest ' speakers of which were French pacifists, Jean-Paul " Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir. a eee _- Nationwide tours of Japan for lectures. and a ' ¥allies for such anti~Vietnam war pacifists as - SECRET IZUMI Taku, _ AWAYA Noriko, ' SHIROYAMA Saburo, ~ TAKAHASHI Taketomo, On .-OKUMA Minoru, ‘ SANO Kenji, - ; SUZURY Wichihiko, . MARUYAMA Kunio, oo TSURUSHIMA Setsurei, KATQ Yoshiro, ODAGIRI Hideo, KOBATA Hanya, SHINOHARA Seiei, MURO Kenji, KONAKA Yotaro, SAKAMOTO Yoshikazu, —— SAITO Masahiko. ond An all night TV "teachin" with.Beheiren activist leaders, along with special guest, U.S. pacifist Carl Oglesby (Chairman of the Students ‘for a Democratic Society. ) 0 A full page advertisement in the ‘New York Times (16 November 1965), followed by another full page ‘ad in the Washington Post (3 April 1967), appeal- = ‘ing to Americans to Stop the war in Vietnam. _- ‘ A "Meet ‘in. Conference of Two Nations for Peace din /Vietnam," held in Tokyo in August 1966, and | Si attended ‘by. Beheiren activists and ‘seven U. S. pacifist leaders (including Dave Dellinger), - - - and observers. from France, England, Canada, the .. . USSR, Pakistan, and Mongolia. os . i ve . ae . ee rt ft iret Sa ni atten tmmrenin semrirteretidtenttheteer 1 een fe Netra = ercnmdceaAstceesete# tin de ernseenetinems pecans tee etek rae ne are cote pecan Seaham gi mee og = Ap are prem meme Re teen 8 Sh SEARO GD Soe EDNEY YOO ° +
- SECRET ey ip ofessor Howard Zinn ‘and the late ALT. Muste ans : _ of ‘the United ates, Claude Bourdet of France, en and Thich Nhat Hanh of South Vietnam. - ge A mass meeting in Tokyo in January. 1967, ‘sponsored ° =. - by Beheiren and featuring U.A. folk singer and pacifist Joan Baez. | Mee, a fone a . i nes A continuing program of direct distribution of pamphlets to U.S. troops stationed in Japan, - . and those coming to Japan on warships, and for. -.’° rest or hospitalization from Vietnam, - a ‘Participation by two Beheiren activist ‘leaders a .'. (Kyoto University professor KUWABARA Takeo and -. International House staffer TSUR ki taking advantage of a trip to the U.S. to attend. a “. @ Ron-political Japan-America Congress on o .. 7 Cultural Problems) in anti-Vietnam War -Speech _'. Wallies and demonstrations at Dartmouth University .. ..;in early May 1967, followed by an unsuccessful. 1 attempt to invite "Cassius Clay to visit Japan : . -". On behalf of Beheiren. ee Continuing efforts to bring * to Japan for a. - Mationwide speech tour on behalf of Beheiren, - '.- Soviet poet Yevgeni Yevtushenko, an effort that | ‘has not yet reached fruition but is still | pending. “participation i in the Stockholm Saly | 1967, “World | . Conference on Vietnam," by sending two. Beheiren -.. activist leaders as delegates, ; | , Cooperation with the U.S. Quakers, pacifists, ’ and Earle Reynolds. in sending the yacht "Phoenix" ‘ with medical aid, first to Haiphong, then on a oo. 71. -., Second trip in the Fall of 1967, seeking but === =). .£ailing to find landfall to deliver medical aid ee “to either North or South Vietnan, ic - Attempted, but ‘failed due to inability to obtain. U.S. visa, to send a Beheiren activist leader ' (MUTO- Ichiyo) to the U.S. to participate in the -. 21 October 1967 anti-Vietnam War demonstrations, a I fe oN EE ane pm remem a m* Hy ean le NN + 1 en gimme me poner em pamY O-O-emALEMONRO Regn oan @rsanpeenatep inert panes : ren . a - 8 pom pomS Sree mS pane
14-00000 oe a ° ey rn oe . Currently carrying out a fund raising. campaign . oh ple . | to send an aid ship to North Vietnam, In this, ..00 0 fe “and other activities, Beheiren leaders ate mainm 0. of.) o,. taining ever closer liaison contact with their oo :) 0 oi. ** -. Counterparts abroad, such as the French "Comitet’. °°. ./ i:'- +. Vietnam National.” In an effort to generate cen ae ..., public support for this aid. ship fund raising RT Fo campaign, Beheiren succeeded in issuing a public pod ..° appeal under the endorsing signatures of Tokyo eer op kh e4 -' ‘Governor MINOBE Ryokichi and Yokohama Mayor oe fo '.»° ASUKATA_Ichio, as well as the “usual intellectuals eo ‘ _ supporting Beheiren. a . 4 In October 1967, Beheiren solicited approval to” OS bey my . hold anti-Vietnam War. demonstrations in front ope, o£ the U.S. Embassy in Tokyo, expecting to be Ap ~ denied and then intending to make this denial a fn . court test case. Instead, Beheiren was given en a -this permission, and conducted two orderly and - an can well-publicized demonstrations in front of the... . oon cae - American Embassy, garnering a larger public turn Geo Pe | . out of participants than in any previous Beheiren- ne eae _ Sponsored demonstration. vs Le. oe ‘ - oar : a8 oR | Assisted and abetted the defection: ‘to ‘the USSR Po ., of four, American sailors from'the U.S. Navy. ..° oR - carrier INTREPID. Following this success, Toa LB ..Beheiren's most effective activity to date, Bee .. Beheiren leaders are organizing a permanent poe ~.. “underground railway" of Japanese. intellectuals - ; OR 2. Who will volunteer their homes aS possible "way —: | ae : . > stops" for hiding future U.S. military deserters — oo 2! that Beheiren now hopes. to induce. ” 2 a ee Be Partial listing of American and. other ‘foreign persons oP. known to have been in contact with or _cooperated with Beheiren:, Oo , “Americans , te Dy oo B q)~ Staughton Lynd. (ex-Yale professor) eb = (2) "Norman Mailer (novelist) ° . ob ' (3) Dave Dellinger (Editor of Liberation) : fo ~ (4) Howard Zinn (Boston U. professor) _ t. (8) Donald Keyes (National Committee ‘for a Sane Nuclear Policy) Ba :
14-00000 =. (6) David McReynolds (Chairman, War Reésisters"” as eague ” : ot ate oe. oe ’ (7), Ay J Muste ‘(now decéased) -* (8). Karl Meyer (9) ‘Wildian Davidson (10) Bradford Lyttle A tee en NN tHe tna RENEE OREN ME oe Re Es Baa ie _. (G1) Charlotte Thurber — ~s) (12) (Miss) Quentin Bassett (Students tor Py Democratic Society) nsinfas Tnex-uesiel dantireen Mend ttaersaaciaaaaes onde deddaniemdrtet et attuniiatee ot cton te ger se Ste rhe tem eneanteee (13) Murray Levin (Boston U.. professor) 7 ay Robert Ockene (veterans and Reservists to” at we End the War in Vietnam) wie | “" (15) ~ cari Oglesby (Chairman, Students for an .. +. Democratic. Society) (until 1966) _ ‘ > (16) | Barbara Deming (Associate editor of. - (2) Joan Baez (folk singer) re =. (18) Ira Morris (Paris expatriate) 2 G9) | Otto Naisan | (Phonetic, New York City peace a | activist) . ; ~ (20) Barbara ‘and Earle. Reynolds (divorced but oes moe Separately active Tong-tine residents in _ Japan) . nity “~~ @l) “William R. Christensen (an American ‘pacifist ; [cs "~. drifter, who gave Beheiren its first a _.experience in the summer of 1966 in ‘exploit~ ‘* ing for propaganda in Japan, and then in arranging the onward journey of .an American ~ who wanted to defect to the USSR) | . (22) Brian Victoria (head-shaven pacifist and ' -feonverted" Buddhist priest, known to be in’ ~ regular contact with the Soviet Embassy in : Tokyo) . _ oo ~ SECRET.
14-00000 | . oo | i - SECRET - Pees oP sy Mx. Willowby (fon, phonetic, “chief of the. , -¢:, QUaker Peace Action movement in the u. S.")- (2a)° An‘ unidentified American of Japanese | descent, 2 .. at°, from Hawaii, who is currently a student-at 92 |< | Waseda University — . —_ reece aw . re on wile 7 sie 2 aa noe Gomme an emma re Ole ee ; (35) * Kosaku Yamaguchi (reportedly born in U. S., oe * présent citizenship status unclear~~formerly “: Was’ a professor at Momoyama University in. . . .:.. Osaka, but has been teaching at the University _ “Teo, Of California in Berkeley for some time) . ‘Other Foreigners -G) Mikhail: Kotor, USSR Goviet Peace Comittee)” Vee. ‘Support: the Vietnamese People). F | te cr a Bag seme ee ee wee ee eo (3): Pegey Duff, Great Britain (Campaign ‘for , Nuclear x Disarmament) — ae . (6) Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Pakistan ; L: Ey | — Loy. /. (6) Gabita: -Muslepov, USSR eo acer eae aan Cb Mrs. Exdenebat Ojon, Mongolia 7 © (8) Konstantin Shugnov, USSR mean Francis Marcel Kahn, | France (comiste’ Vietnam oo ationa ~ . LS - Go) ‘Jean- Pail Saxtre and Simone ‘de Beauvoir France a ug Somes pete capes ges alarm cnmcmgunerececbewnaes ene cee Thich Nhat Hanh, ‘South Vietnam - * a, aa Sou: “Bhomas H. Karamessines  -.” « r. “.  » Deputy Director for Plans = =~ cor ‘Naval Investigative ‘Service “.°" Department of the Army “ ,. Department of State — - 4° Federal Bureau of Investigation mo a : -o- Directorate of Special Investigations of the Air Force - “Headquarters United States Marine Corps ; ee He amen + a mete eee re EEE SAE AAINPOR}OS SO PCTS See CEM PENT COLE MEP I ETT fH POSE forage “ '. Defense Intelligence eRe]
14-00000 = cscI- -316/00079- 68 " Distribution: oe _~ Each Addressee ia C/FE FE/JKO FE/JKO/JO- C/CI CIOP/FE ‘CI/LSN CI/REA = per rt; a 1 iL ce ey oo | i 1 i _ DDP/FE/JKO/Dianne Schel1in: ‘pjm a (4 January 1968) —